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相應部 · 梵天相應 Brahmasaṃyuttaṃ

本經目錄六、梵天相應一、第一品一、梵天勸請經二、恭敬經三、梵提婆經四、婆迦梵天經五、某梵天經六、梵天界經七、俱迦利經八、迦多摩陀迦帝須經九、都盧梵天經十、俱迦利經第一品。二、第二品一、常童子經二、提婆達多經三、安陀迦頻陀經四、阿樓那婆提經五、般涅槃經第二品。《梵天相應》完畢。[從此以下,緬甸寫本中也見有這樣的[攝頌]——梵天勸請與不恭敬,梵提婆與婆迦梵天;某梵天與梵天、俱迦利,帝須與都盧;梵天、俱迦利比丘,與常童子、提婆達多;安陀迦頻陀、阿樓那婆提,連同般涅槃,[共]十五[經]。]

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六、梵天相應

6. Brahmasaṃyuttaṃ
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一、第一品

1. Paṭhamavaggo
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一、梵天勸請經

1. Brahmāyācanasuttaṃ
172PTS 1.136緬 1.138已對照

一百七十二、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在優樓頻螺尼連禪河岸邊的牧羊人尼拘陀樹下,初現正覺。那時,世尊獨處靜坐時,心中生起了這樣的思慮:“我所證得的這法甚深、難見、難覺悟、寂靜、殊勝、超越思辨之境(atakkāvacara)、微妙、唯智者能體驗。然而這世人樂於執著(ālaya)、喜於執著、欣於執著。對於樂於執著、喜於執著、欣於執著的世人,這一處實難見,即此緣性、緣起(idappaccayatā paṭiccasamuppāda);這一處也實難見,即一切行的止息、一切依(upadhi)的舍離、愛盡、離貪、滅、涅槃。假如我說法,而別人不了知我,那對我是疲勞,那對我是疲惱。”而且這些前所未聞的稀有之偈,顯現於世尊[心中]——

“我所證得實為艱難,如今何須宣說;

為貪與瞋所纏者,難以覺悟此法。

“[此法]逆流而行,微妙、甚深、難見、精細;

為貪所染者不得見,為黑暗之蘊所覆。”

世尊如是省察時,心傾向於無所為,不傾向於說法。

那時,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)以心了知世尊心中的思慮,便想——“諸位,世間要毀滅了!諸位,世間要敗壞了!因為如來、阿羅漢、正等正覺者的心竟傾向於無所為,不傾向於說法。”那時,娑婆主梵天猶如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那樣,從梵天界隱沒,出現在世尊面前。那時,娑婆主梵天把上衣偏袒一肩,把右膝輪放在地上,向世尊合掌,對世尊這樣說——“尊者,願世尊說法,願善逝說法!有少塵垢性的眾生,因不聞法而衰退;[若得聞法,]他們將成為法的了知者。”娑婆主梵天說了這[番話]。說了這[番話]之後,又接著這樣說:

“[此法]從前曾出現於摩揭陀,

[而後]為有垢者所思構,成了不淨之法;

請開啟這不死之門,

願[他們]聽聞由無垢者所隨覺的法。

“猶如立於石山之頂者,

能遍觀四周的眾人;

善慧者(sumedha)啊,那與之相似的、法所成的

殿堂,普眼者(samantacakkhu)啊,請登上[而觀];

自身已離憂者,那沉沒於憂的眾人,

[正]為生老所制伏,請垂觀[他們]。

“起來吧,英雄、戰勝者(vijitasaṅgāma),

商隊之主、無債者啊,請遊行於世間;

願世尊說法,

[必]將有了知者。”

那時,世尊知道了梵天的勸請,又因為對眾生的悲愍,便以佛眼觀察世間。世尊以佛眼觀察世間時,看見諸眾生有少塵垢者、多塵垢者,利根者、鈍根者,善行相者、惡行相者,易教者、難教者;有一些住於見後世罪過之怖畏,有一些不住於見後世罪過之怖畏。猶如在青蓮池、白蓮池或紅蓮池中,有些青蓮、白蓮或紅蓮生於水中、長於水中,未出水面,沉沒水中而生長;有些青蓮、白蓮或紅蓮生於水中、長於水中,與水面齊平而立;有些青蓮、白蓮或紅蓮生於水中、長於水中,出於水面而立,不為水所染。正是如此,世尊以佛眼觀察世間時,看見諸眾生有少塵垢者、多塵垢者,利根者、鈍根者,善行相者、惡行相者,易教者、難教者;有一些住於見後世罪過之怖畏,有一些不住於見後世罪過之怖畏。看見之後,[世尊]以偈回答娑婆主梵天——

“為彼等開啟了不死之門,

諸有耳者,請發其信;

我因覺有惱害之想,未曾宣說那熟習的、

殊勝之法於人間,梵天。”

那時,娑婆主梵天[想]:“我已使世尊允可說法了。”便禮敬世尊,右繞之後,就在那裡隱沒了。

172. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘adhigato kho myāyaṃ dhammo gambhīro duddaso duranubodho santo paṇīto atakkāvacaro nipuṇo paṇḍitavedanīyo. Ālayarāmā kho panāyaṃ pajā ālayaratā ālayasammuditā. Ālayarāmāya kho pana pajāya ālayaratāya ālayasammuditāya duddasaṃ idaṃ ṭhānaṃ yadidaṃ idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppādo. Idampi kho ṭhānaṃ duddasaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. Ahañceva kho pana dhammaṃ deseyyaṃ; pare ca me na ājāneyyuṃ; so mamassa kilamatho, sā mamassa vihesā’’ti. Apissu bhagavantaṃ imā anacchariyā gāthāyo paṭibhaṃsu pubbe assutapubbā –
‘‘Kicchena me adhigataṃ, halaṃ dāni pakāsituṃ;
Rāgadosaparetehi, nāyaṃ dhammo susambudho.
‘‘Paṭisotagāmiṃ nipuṇaṃ, gambhīraṃ duddasaṃ aṇuṃ;
Rāgarattā na dakkhanti, tamokhandhena āvuṭā’’ti [tamokkhandhena āvutāti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)].
Itiha bhagavato paṭisañcikkhato appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati, no dhammadesanāya.
Atha kho brahmuno sahampatissa bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi – ‘‘nassati vata bho loko, vinassati vata bho loko, yatra hi nāma tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati [namissati (?)], no dhammadesanāyā’’ti. Atha kho brahmā sahampati – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ [sammiñjitaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ pathaviyaṃ nihantvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘desetu, bhante, bhagavā dhammaṃ, desetu sugato dhammaṃ. Santi sattā apparajakkhajātikā, assavanatā dhammassa parihāyanti. Bhavissanti dhammassa aññātāro’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Pāturahosi magadhesu pubbe,
Dhammo asuddho samalehi cintito;
Apāpuretaṃ [avāpuretaṃ (sī.)] amatassa dvāraṃ,
Suṇantu dhammaṃ vimalenānubuddhaṃ.
‘‘Sele yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito,
Yathāpi passe janataṃ samantato;
Tathūpamaṃ dhammamayaṃ sumedha,
Pāsādamāruyha samantacakkhu;
Sokāvatiṇṇaṃ [sokāvakiṇṇaṃ (sī.)] janatamapetasoko,
Avekkhassu jātijarābhibhūtaṃ.
‘‘Uṭṭhehi vīra vijitasaṅgāma,
Satthavāha anaṇa [aṇaṇa (rūpasiddhiṭīkā)] vicara loke;
Desassu [desetu (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)] bhagavā dhammaṃ,
Aññātāro bhavissantī’’ti.
Atha kho bhagavā brahmuno ca ajjhesanaṃ viditvā sattesu ca kāruññataṃ paṭicca buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokesi. Addasā kho bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvine [dassāvino (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] viharante. Seyyathāpi nāma uppaliniyaṃ vā paduminiyaṃ vā puṇḍarīkiniyaṃ vā appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakānuggatāni anto nimuggaposīni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni samodakaṃ ṭhitāni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakā accuggamma ṭhitāni [tiṭṭhanti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] anupalittāni udakena; evameva bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento addasa satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante. Disvāna brahmānaṃ sahampatiṃ gāthāya paccabhāsi –
‘‘Apārutā tesaṃ amatassa dvārā,
Ye sotavanto pamuñcantu saddhaṃ;
Vihiṃsasaññī paguṇaṃ na bhāsiṃ,
Dhammaṃ paṇītaṃ manujesu brahme’’ti.
Atha kho brahmā sahampati ‘‘katāvakāso khomhi bhagavatā dhammadesanāyā’’ti bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
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二、恭敬經

2. Gāravasuttaṃ
173PTS 1.139已對照

一百七十三、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在優樓頻螺尼連禪河岸邊的牧羊人尼拘陀樹下,初現正覺。那時,世尊獨處靜坐時,心中生起了這樣的思慮:“無恭敬、無順從而住是苦的。我該恭敬、尊重、依止哪一位沙門或婆羅門而住呢?”

173. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘dukkhaṃ kho agāravo viharati appatisso, kaṃ nu khvāhaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā [garukatvā (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] upanissāya vihareyya’’nti?
緬 1.141已對照

那時,世尊這樣想:“為了圓滿尚未圓滿的戒蘊,我才會恭敬、尊重、依止別的沙門或婆羅門而住。然而我不見在有天、有魔、有梵天的世間,在有沙門婆羅門、有天與人的人眾之中,有比我自己更具足戒的別的沙門或婆羅門,可讓我恭敬、尊重、依止他而住。

Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘aparipuṇṇassa kho sīlakkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya attanā sīlasampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
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“為了圓滿尚未圓滿的定蘊,我才會恭敬、尊重、依止別的沙門或婆羅門而住。然而我不見在有天的世間……乃至……有比我自己更具足定的別的沙門或婆羅門,可讓我恭敬、尊重、依止他而住。

‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa kho samādhikkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke…pe… attanā samādhisampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
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“為了圓滿尚未圓滿的慧蘊,我才會恭敬、尊重、依止別的沙門或婆羅門而住。然而我不見在有天的……乃至……有比我自己更具足慧的別的沙門或婆羅門,可讓我恭敬、尊重、依止他而住。

‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa paññākkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake…pe… attanā paññāsampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
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“為了圓滿尚未圓滿的解脫蘊,我才會恭敬、尊重、依止別的沙門或婆羅門而住。然而我不見在有天的……乃至……有比我自己更具足解脫的別的沙門或婆羅門,可讓我恭敬、尊重、依止他而住。

‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa kho vimuttikkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake…pe… attanā vimuttisampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
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“為了圓滿尚未圓滿的解脫知見蘊,我才會恭敬、尊重、依止別的沙門或婆羅門而住。然而我不見在有天、有魔、有梵天的世間,在有沙門婆羅門、有天與人的人眾之中,有比我自己更具足解脫知見的別的沙門或婆羅門,可讓我恭敬、尊重、依止他而住。我何不就恭敬、尊重、依止那由我所現正覺的法而住呢?”

‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa kho vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya attanā vimuttiñāṇadassanasampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yvāyaṃ dhammo mayā abhisambuddho tameva dhammaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyya’’nti.
PTS 1.140緬 1.142已對照

那時,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)以心了知世尊心中的思慮,便猶如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那樣,從梵天界隱沒,出現在世尊面前。那時,娑婆主梵天把上衣偏袒一肩,向世尊合掌,對世尊這樣說——“正是這樣,世尊;正是這樣,善逝!尊者,凡過去世曾有的諸阿羅漢、正等正覺者,那些世尊也都正是恭敬、尊重、依止法而住;尊者,凡未來世將有的諸阿羅漢、正等正覺者,那些世尊也都將正是恭敬、尊重、依止法而住。尊者,現在身為阿羅漢、正等正覺者的世尊,也願正是恭敬、尊重、依止法而住。”娑婆主梵天說了這[番話]。說了這[番話]之後,又接著這樣說:

Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata! Yepi te, bhante, ahesuṃ atītamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā, tepi bhagavanto dhammaññeva sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihariṃsu; yepi te, bhante, bhavissanti anāgatamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā tepi bhagavanto dhammaññeva sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharissanti. Bhagavāpi, bhante, etarahi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho dhammaññeva sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharatū’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca –
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“那些過去的正覺者,與那些未來的佛陀,

‘‘Ye ca atītā sambuddhā, ye ca buddhā anāgatā;
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以及現在的正覺者、眾人之憂的滅除者——

Yo cetarahi sambuddho, bahūnaṃ [bahunnaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] sokanāsano.
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“一切都尊重正法,曾住、也正住;

‘‘Sabbe saddhammagaruno, vihaṃsu [vihariṃsu (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] viharanti ca;
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也將如是而住,這是諸佛的法性。

Tathāpi viharissanti, esā buddhāna dhammatā.
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“所以,愛自己者、希求偉大者,

‘‘Tasmā hi attakāmena [atthakāmena (sī. pī. ka.)], mahattamabhikaṅkhatā;
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應當尊重正法,憶念著諸佛的教法。”

Saddhammo garukātabbo, saraṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti.
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三、梵提婆經

3. Brahmadevasuttaṃ
174PTS 1.141緬 1.143已對照

一百七十四、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在舍衛城祇樹林給孤獨園。那時,某位婆羅門女的兒子名叫梵提婆(Brahmadeva),在世尊座下從家出家、成為無家者。

那時,具壽梵提婆獨一、遠離、不放逸、熱勤、自策勵而住,不久便就在現法中自己以證智證知、成就並住於那無上的梵行終點——善男子們正是為此而正確地從家出家、成為無家者的。他證知:“生已盡,梵行已立,應作已作,再無後有。”而具壽梵提婆也成為阿羅漢之一。

那時,具壽梵提婆於上午著衣持缽與衣,為行乞而入舍衛城。在舍衛城次第行乞時,來到自己母親的住處。那時,具壽梵提婆的母親婆羅門女常向梵天高舉供品。那時,娑婆主梵天這樣想:“這位具壽梵提婆的母親婆羅門女常向梵天高舉供品。我何不前去令她生起悚懼呢?”那時,娑婆主梵天猶如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那樣,從梵天界隱沒,出現在具壽梵提婆母親的住處。那時,娑婆主梵天站在空中,以偈對具壽梵提婆的母親婆羅門女說——

“婆羅門女,梵天界離此遙遠,

你常為那[梵天]高舉供品;

婆羅門女,梵天的食物不是這樣的,

不知梵道,你喃喃唸誦什麼?

“婆羅門女,這位就是你的梵提婆(brahmadeva),

無所依,已達超天[之性];

一無所有的比丘,不養他人,

他就是那位為乞食而進入你家的[人]。

“應供養、達吠陀者、已修自[體],

是人與諸天的應奉施者;

排除諸惡、無所染,

已清涼,為尋食而行。

“於他無後亦無前,

寂靜、無煙、無苦患、無希求;

於動者與不動者已放下杖,

願他享用你的供品、最上的飯糰。

“已離[煩惱之]軍,心已寂止,

如調伏的象,無動搖而行;

善持戒的比丘,心善解脫,

願他享用你的供品、最上的飯糰。

“對他心生淨信、不動搖,

你當把奉施安立於應奉施者;

當作帶來未來之樂的福,

婆羅門女,[既已]見到已渡暴流的牟尼。”

“對他心生淨信、不動搖,

[她]把奉施安立於應奉施者;

作了帶來未來之樂的福,

婆羅門女見到了已渡暴流的牟尼。”

174. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarissā brāhmaṇiyā brahmadevo nāma putto bhagavato santike agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti.
Atha kho āyasmā brahmadevo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā brahmadevo arahataṃ ahosi.
Atha kho āyasmā brahmadevo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sāvatthiyaṃ sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena sakamātu nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato brahmadevassa mātā brāhmaṇī brahmuno āhutiṃ niccaṃ paggaṇhāti. Atha kho brahmuno sahampatissa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmato brahmadevassa mātā brāhmaṇī brahmuno āhutiṃ niccaṃ paggaṇhāti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ upasaṅkamitvā saṃvejeyya’’nti. Atha kho brahmā sahampati – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito āyasmato brahmadevassa mātu nivesane pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati vehāsaṃ ṭhito āyasmato brahmadevassa mātaraṃ brāhmaṇiṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Dūre ito brāhmaṇi brahmaloko,
Yassāhutiṃ paggaṇhāsi niccaṃ;
Netādiso brāhmaṇi brahmabhakkho,
Kiṃ jappasi brahmapathaṃ ajānaṃ [ajānantī (sī. pī. ka.)].
‘‘Eso hi te brāhmaṇi brahmadevo,
Nirūpadhiko atidevapatto;
Akiñcano bhikkhu anaññaposī,
Yo te so [te so (sī. pī.), yo te sa (?)] piṇḍāya gharaṃ paviṭṭho.
‘‘Āhuneyyo vedagu bhāvitatto,
Narānaṃ devānañca dakkhiṇeyyo;
Bāhitvā pāpāni anūpalitto,
Ghāsesanaṃ iriyati sītibhūto.
‘‘Na tassa pacchā na puratthamatthi,
Santo vidhūmo anigho nirāso;
Nikkhittadaṇḍo tasathāvaresu,
So tyāhutiṃ bhuñjatu aggapiṇḍaṃ.
‘‘Visenibhūto upasantacitto,
Nāgova danto carati anejo;
Bhikkhu susīlo suvimuttacitto,
So tyāhutiṃ bhuñjatu aggapiṇḍaṃ.
‘‘Tasmiṃ pasannā avikampamānā,
Patiṭṭhapehi dakkhiṇaṃ dakkhiṇeyye;
Karohi puññaṃ sukhamāyatikaṃ,
Disvā muniṃ brāhmaṇi oghatiṇṇa’’nti.
‘‘Tasmiṃ pasannā avikampamānā,
Patiṭṭhapesi dakkhiṇaṃ dakkhiṇeyye;
Akāsi puññaṃ sukhamāyatikaṃ,
Disvā muniṃ brāhmaṇī oghatiṇṇa’’nti.
已對照

四、婆迦梵天經

4. Bakabrahmasuttaṃ
175PTS 1.143緬 1.145已對照

一百七十五、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在舍衛城祇樹林給孤獨園。那時,婆迦梵天(Baka Brahmā)生起了這樣的惡見執——“此是常,此是恆,此是永恆,此是完整,此是不消逝之法;因為此[處]不生、不老、不死、不消逝、不再生,而從此之外更無其他更上的出離。”

那時,世尊以心了知婆迦梵天心中的思慮,便猶如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那樣,從祇樹林隱沒,出現在那個梵天界中。婆迦梵天遠遠地就看見世尊走來;看見之後,對世尊這樣說——“來吧,尊駕,善來,尊駕!尊駕,你隔了這麼久才作成這來到此處的機緣。尊駕,此是常,此是恆,此是永恆,此是完整,此是不消逝之法;因為此[處]不生、不老、不死、不消逝、不再生。而從此之外更無其他更上的出離。”

這樣說了之後,世尊對婆迦梵天這樣說——“諸位,婆迦梵天實在是陷入了無明啊!諸位,婆迦梵天實在是陷入了無明啊!因為他竟把明明是無常的說成是常,把明明是不恆的說成是恆,把明明是不永恆的說成是永恆,把明明是不完整的說成是完整,把明明是消逝之法的說成是不消逝之法;而在那會生、會老、會死、會消逝、會再生之處,他竟也那樣要說——‘此[處]不生、不老、不死、不消逝、不再生。’而更上的其他出離明明存在,他竟要說‘更無其他更上的出離’。”

“喬達摩,我們七十二[位]是作福業者,

是自在者,已超越生與老;

這由吠陀而達的,是最後的梵天之生,

眾多的人們祈求我們。”

“這確實是短的,並非長壽,

婆迦,你卻認為[它]是長壽;

十萬尼羅浮陀(nirabbuda)之久,

梵天,我了知你的壽量。”

“世尊,[你說]我是見無邊者,

已超越生、老與愁;

我從前的禁戒戒行是什麼?

請告訴我那[事],讓我能了知。”

“你曾使許多人得以飲[水],

[他們]為渴所迫,於暑熱中被壓倒;

你那從前的禁戒戒行,

我如剛從睡中醒來一般憶念[起來]。

“在羚羊岸(eṇikūla)被擒的人們,

你使[他們]在被擒押走時得脫;

你那從前的禁戒戒行,

我如剛從睡中醒來一般憶念[起來]。

“在恆河水流中被擒住的船,

被兇殘的龍因欲[加害]人而[擒];

你曾以力強行使[之]解脫,

你那從前的禁戒戒行,

我如剛從睡中醒來一般憶念[起來]。

“我曾是迦波(Kappa),你的結髮弟子,

[我]認[你]為善具慧的持禁戒者;

你那從前的禁戒戒行,

我如剛從睡中醒來一般憶念[起來]。”

“你的確了知我這壽量,

其餘的你也了知,因為你是佛陀;

正因如此,你這燃燒的威力,

照耀著梵天界而安住。”

175. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bakassa brahmuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘‘idaṃ niccaṃ, idaṃ dhuvaṃ, idaṃ sassataṃ, idaṃ kevalaṃ, idaṃ acavanadhammaṃ, idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati, ito ca panaññaṃ uttariṃ [uttariṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] nissaraṇaṃ natthī’’ti.
Atha kho bhagavā bakassa brahmuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Addasā kho bako brahmā bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ehi kho mārisa, svāgataṃ te, mārisa! Cirassaṃ kho mārisa! Imaṃ pariyāyamakāsi yadidaṃ idhāgamanāya. Idañhi, mārisa, niccaṃ, idaṃ dhuvaṃ, idaṃ sassataṃ, idaṃ kevalaṃ, idaṃ acavanadhammaṃ, idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati. Ito ca panaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ natthī’’ti.
Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā bakaṃ brahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘avijjāgato vata, bho, bako brahmā; avijjāgato vata, bho, bako brahmā. Yatra hi nāma aniccaṃyeva samānaṃ niccanti vakkhati, adhuvaṃyeva samānaṃ dhuvanti vakkhati, asassataṃyeva samānaṃ sassatanti vakkhati, akevalaṃyeva samānaṃ kevalanti vakkhati, cavanadhammaṃyeva samānaṃ acavanadhammanti vakkhati. Yattha ca pana jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca upapajjati ca, tañca tathā vakkhati – ‘idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati’. Santañca panaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ, ‘natthaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇa’nti vakkhatī’’ti.
‘‘Dvāsattati gotama puññakammā,
Vasavattino jātijaraṃ atītā;
Ayamantimā vedagū brahmupapatti,
Asmābhijappanti janā anekā’’ti.
‘‘Appañhi etaṃ na hi dīghamāyu,
Yaṃ tvaṃ baka maññasi dīghamāyuṃ;
Sataṃ sahassānaṃ [sahassāna (syā. kaṃ.)] nirabbudānaṃ,
Āyuṃ pajānāmi tavāhaṃ brahme’’ti.
‘‘Anantadassī bhagavāhamasmi,
Jātijaraṃ sokamupātivatto;
Kiṃ me purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ,
Ācikkha me taṃ yamahaṃ vijaññā’’ti.
‘‘Yaṃ tvaṃ apāyesi bahū manusse,
Pipāsite ghammani samparete;
Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ,
Suttappabuddhova anussarāmi.
‘‘Yaṃ eṇikūlasmiṃ janaṃ gahītaṃ,
Amocayī gayhakaṃ nīyamānaṃ;
Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ,
Suttappabuddhova anussarāmi.
‘‘Gaṅgāya sotasmiṃ gahītanāvaṃ,
Luddena nāgena manussakamyā;
Pamocayittha balasā pasayha,
Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ,
Suttappabuddhova anussarāmi.
‘‘Kappo ca te baddhacaro ahosiṃ,
Sambuddhimantaṃ [sambuddhivantaṃ (bahūsu)] vatinaṃ amaññi;
Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ,
Suttappabuddhova anussarāmī’’ti.
‘‘Addhā pajānāsi mametamāyuṃ,
Aññepi [aññampi (sī. pī.)] jānāsi tathā hi buddho;
Tathā hi tyāyaṃ jalitānubhāvo,
Obhāsayaṃ tiṭṭhati brahmaloka’’nti.
已對照

五、某梵天經

5. Aññatarabrahmasuttaṃ
176PTS 1.145緬 1.147已對照

一百七十六、因緣在舍衛城。那時,某位梵天(brahmā)生起了這樣的惡見執(pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ)——“沒有任何沙門或婆羅門能來到這裡。”於是世尊以心了知了那位梵天心中的思慮,猶如有力之人……乃至……出現在那個梵天界中。於是世尊成就火界(tejodhātu)[定],在那位梵天上方的空中結跏趺而坐。

於是具壽大目犍連(Mahāmoggallāna)想:“世尊現在住在哪裡呢?”具壽大目犍連以清淨、超人的天眼,看見世尊在那位梵天上方的空中結跏趺而坐、已成就火界[定]。看見之後,猶如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那樣,從祇樹林隱沒,出現在那個梵天界中。於是具壽大目犍連依東方,在那位梵天上方的空中結跏趺而坐,成就火界[定],[坐處]比世尊低。

於是具壽大迦葉(Mahākassapa)想:“世尊現在住在哪裡呢?”具壽大迦葉以天眼看見世尊……乃至……看見之後,猶如有力之人……乃至……那樣,從祇樹林隱沒,出現在那個梵天界中。於是具壽大迦葉依南方,在那位梵天上方的空中結跏趺而坐,成就火界[定],[坐處]比世尊低。

於是具壽大劫賓那(Mahākappina)想:“世尊現在住在哪裡呢?”具壽大劫賓那以天眼看見世尊……乃至……已成就火界[定]。看見之後,猶如有力之人……乃至……那樣,從祇樹林隱沒,出現在那個梵天界中。於是具壽大劫賓那依西方,在那位梵天上方的空中結跏趺而坐,成就火界[定],[坐處]比世尊低。

於是具壽阿那律(Anuruddha)想:“世尊現在住在哪裡呢?”具壽阿那律看見……乃至……已成就火界[定]。看見之後,猶如有力之人……乃至……出現在那個梵天界中。於是具壽阿那律依北方,在那位梵天上方的空中結跏趺而坐,成就火界[定],[坐處]比世尊低。

於是具壽大目犍連以偈對那位梵天說——

“賢友,你今日也還有那個見嗎——即你從前所有的那個見?

你可見到那於梵天界中超越[一切]而光耀者?”

“尊駕,我已無那個見了——即我從前所有的那個見;

我見到那於梵天界中超越[一切]而光耀者;

那麼我今日怎能說‘我是常的、永恆的’呢?”

於是世尊令那位梵天生起悚懼之後,猶如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那樣,從那個梵天界隱沒,出現在祇樹林。於是那位梵天召喚某位梵眾天(brahmapārisajja)——“尊駕,來,你去具壽大目犍連之處;到了之後,這樣對具壽大目犍連說:‘尊駕目犍連,那位世尊還有其他這樣大神通、這樣大威力的弟子嗎——如目犍連尊師、迦葉、劫賓那、阿那律那樣?’”“是,尊駕。”那位梵眾天應諾那位梵天之後,來到具壽大目犍連之處;到了之後,對具壽大目犍連這樣說——“尊駕目犍連,那位世尊還有其他這樣大神通、這樣大威力的弟子嗎——如目犍連尊師、迦葉、劫賓那、阿那律那樣?”於是具壽大目犍連以偈對那位梵眾天說——

“具三明者(tevijjā)、已得神通者,善巧於他心差別(cetopariyāya);

諸漏已盡的阿羅漢——佛陀的[這樣的]弟子眾多。”

於是那位梵眾天歡喜、隨喜具壽大目犍連之所說,來到那位梵天之處;到了之後,對那位梵天這樣說——“尊駕,具壽大目犍連這樣說——

‘具三明者、已得神通者,善巧於他心差別;

諸漏已盡的阿羅漢——佛陀的[這樣的]弟子眾多。’”

那位梵眾天說了這[話]。那位梵天滿意,歡喜那位梵眾天之所說。

176. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa brahmuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘‘natthi so samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā yo idha āgaccheyyā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tassa brahmuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho bhagavā tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā.
Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno [mahāmoggalāno (ka.)] bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisinnaṃ tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno puratthimaṃ disaṃ nissāya [upanissāya (sī.)] tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
Atha kho āyasmato mahākassapassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā…pe… disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
Atha kho āyasmato mahākappinassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahākappino bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā…pe… tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākappino pacchimaṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
Atha kho āyasmato anuruddhassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā anuruddho…pe… tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho uttaraṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ brahmānaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Ajjāpi te āvuso sā diṭṭhi, yā te diṭṭhi pure ahu;
Passasi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassara’’nti.
‘‘Na me mārisa sā diṭṭhi, yā me diṭṭhi pure ahu;
Passāmi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ;
Svāhaṃ ajja kathaṃ vajjaṃ, ahaṃ niccomhi sassato’’ti.
Atha kho bhagavā taṃ brahmānaṃ saṃvejetvā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – tasmiṃ brahmaloke antarahito jetavane pāturahosi. Atha kho so brahmā aññataraṃ brahmapārisajjaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, mārisa, yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ evaṃ vadehi – ‘atthi nu kho, mārisa moggallāna, aññepi tassa bhagavato sāvakā evaṃmahiddhikā evaṃmahānubhāvā; seyyathāpi bhavaṃ moggallāno kassapo kappino anuruddho’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, mārisā’’ti kho so brahmapārisajjo tassa brahmuno paṭissutvā yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, mārisa moggallāna, aññepi tassa bhagavato sāvakā evaṃmahiddhikā evaṃmahānubhāvā; seyyathāpi bhavaṃ moggallāno kassapo kappino anuruddho’’ti? Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ brahmapārisajjaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, cetopariyāyakovidā;
Khīṇāsavā arahanto, bahū buddhassa sāvakā’’ti.
Atha kho so brahmapārisajjo āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā yena so brahmā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ brahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyasmā mārisa, mahāmoggallāno evamāha –
‘‘Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, cetopariyāyakovidā;
Khīṇāsavā arahanto, bahū buddhassa sāvakā’’ti.
Idamavoca so brahmapārisajjo. Attamano ca so brahmā tassa brahmapārisajjassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
已對照

六、梵天界經

6. Brahmalokasuttaṃ
177PTS 1.147緬 1.149已對照

一百七十七、因緣在舍衛城。那時,世尊已去度日間,正獨處靜坐。於是蘇梵(Subrahmā)獨行梵天(paccekabrahmā)與淨居(Suddhāvāsa)獨行梵天來到世尊之處;到了之後,各依一邊門柱而站立。於是蘇梵獨行梵天對淨居獨行梵天這樣說——“尊駕,現在還不是承事世尊的時候;世尊已去度日間,正獨處靜坐。而某個梵天界既興盛又繁榮,那裡的梵天住於放逸之住。尊駕,來,我們去那個梵天界;到了之後,令那位梵天生起悚懼。”“是,尊駕。”淨居獨行梵天應諾了蘇梵獨行梵天。

於是蘇梵獨行梵天與淨居獨行梵天猶如有力之人……乃至……那樣,從世尊面前隱沒,出現在那個梵天界中。那位梵天遠遠地看見那兩位梵天走來。看見之後,對那兩位梵天這樣說——“喂,諸位尊駕,你們從哪裡來?”“尊駕,我們是從那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者跟前來的。尊駕,你會去侍奉那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者嗎?”

被這樣說了之後,那位梵天不能忍受那話,化現出一千個自身,對蘇梵獨行梵天這樣說——“尊駕,你可看見我這樣的神通威力?”“尊駕,我看見你這樣的神通威力。”“尊駕,我這樣大神通、這樣大威力,還要去侍奉其他哪一位沙門或婆羅門呢?”

於是蘇梵獨行梵天化現出兩千個自身,對那位梵天這樣說——“尊駕,你可看見我這樣的神通威力?”“尊駕,我看見你這樣的神通威力。”“尊駕,那位世尊比你、比我都更有大神通、更有大威力。尊駕,你會去侍奉那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者嗎?”於是那位梵天以偈對蘇梵獨行梵天說——

“三[百]金翅鳥、四[百]天鵝,

五百虎形獸,[皆屬]修禪者[我];

梵天啊,這座宮殿(vimāna)熾燃著,

照耀於北方。”

“縱然你那宮殿熾燃著,

照耀於北方;

見到色中的過患(raṇa)、[色]恆常動搖,

因此善慧者不喜樂於色。”

於是蘇梵獨行梵天與淨居獨行梵天令那位梵天生起悚懼之後,就在那裡隱沒了。後來,那位梵天去侍奉那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者。

177. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā divāvihāragato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paccekaṃ dvārabāhaṃ [paccekadvārabāhaṃ (pī. ka.)] upanissāya aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha kho subrahmā paccekabrahmā suddhāvāsaṃ paccekabrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘akālo kho tāva, mārisa, bhagavantaṃ payirupāsituṃ; divāvihāragato bhagavā paṭisallīno ca. Asuko ca brahmaloko iddho ceva phīto ca, brahmā ca tatra pamādavihāraṃ viharati. Āyāma, mārisa, yena so brahmaloko tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ brahmānaṃ saṃvejeyyāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, mārisā’’ti kho suddhāvāso paccekabrahmā subrahmuno paccekabrahmuno paccassosi.
Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva – bhagavato purato antarahitā tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahesuṃ. Addasā kho so brahmā te brahmāno dūratova āgacchante. Disvāna te brahmāno etadavoca – ‘‘handa kuto nu tumhe, mārisā, āgacchathā’’ti? ‘‘Āgatā kho mayaṃ, mārisa, amha tassa bhagavato santikā arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Gaccheyyāsi pana tvaṃ, mārisa, tassa bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti?
Evaṃ vutto [evaṃ vutte (sī. syā. kaṃ.)] kho so brahmā taṃ vacanaṃ anadhivāsento sahassakkhattuṃ attānaṃ abhinimminitvā subrahmānaṃ paccekabrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘passasi me no tvaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti? ‘‘Passāmi kho tyāhaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti. ‘‘So khvāhaṃ, mārisa, evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo kassa aññassa samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā upaṭṭhānaṃ gamissāmī’’ti?
Atha kho subrahmā paccekabrahmā dvisahassakkhattuṃ attānaṃ abhinimminitvā taṃ brahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘passasi me no tvaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti? ‘‘Passāmi kho tyāhaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti. ‘‘Tayā ca kho, mārisa, mayā ca sveva bhagavā mahiddhikataro ceva mahānubhāvataro ca. Gaccheyyāsi tvaṃ, mārisa, tassa bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti? Atha kho so brahmā subrahmānaṃ paccekabrahmānaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Tayo supaṇṇā caturo ca haṃsā,
Byagghīnisā pañcasatā ca jhāyino;
Tayidaṃ vimānaṃ jalate ca [jalateva (pī. ka.)] brahme,
Obhāsayaṃ uttarassaṃ disāya’’nti.
‘‘Kiñcāpi te taṃ jalate vimānaṃ,
Obhāsayaṃ uttarassaṃ disāyaṃ;
Rūpe raṇaṃ disvā sadā pavedhitaṃ,
Tasmā na rūpe ramatī sumedho’’ti.
Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā taṃ brahmānaṃ saṃvejetvā tatthevantaradhāyiṃsu. Agamāsi ca kho so brahmā aparena samayena bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassāti.
已對照

七、俱迦利經

7. Kokālikasuttaṃ
178已對照

一百七十八、因緣在舍衛城。那時,世尊已去度日間,正獨處靜坐。於是蘇梵獨行梵天與淨居獨行梵天來到世尊之處;到了之後,各依一邊門柱而站立。於是蘇梵獨行梵天就俱迦利(Kokālika)比丘[之事],在世尊面前說了這首偈——

178. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā divāvihāragato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paccekaṃ dvārabāhaṃ nissāya aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha kho subrahmā paccekabrahmā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
已對照

“衡量那不可衡量者,此處哪位有智者會[如此]分別?

‘‘Appameyyaṃ paminanto, kodha vidvā vikappaye;
已對照

那衡量不可衡量者的,我認為他是被覆障的凡夫。”

Appameyyaṃ pamāyinaṃ, nivutaṃ taṃ maññe puthujjana’’nti.
已對照

八、迦多摩陀迦帝須經

8. Katamodakatissasuttaṃ
179已對照

一百七十九、因緣在舍衛城。那時,世尊已去度日間,正獨處靜坐。於是蘇梵獨行梵天與淨居獨行梵天來到世尊之處;到了之後,各依一邊門柱而站立。於是淨居獨行梵天就迦多摩陀迦帝須(Katamodakatissaka)比丘[之事],在世尊面前說了這首偈——

179. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā divāvihāragato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paccekaṃ dvārabāhaṃ nissāya aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha kho suddhāvāso paccekabrahmā katamodakatissakaṃ [katamorakatissakaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ.)] bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
PTS 1.149緬 1.151已對照

“衡量那不可衡量者,此處哪位有智者會[如此]分別?

‘‘Appameyyaṃ paminanto, kodha vidvā vikappaye;
已對照

那衡量不可衡量者的,我認為他是被覆障的無慧者(akissava)。”

Appameyyaṃ pamāyinaṃ, nivutaṃ taṃ maññe akissava’’nti.
已對照

九、都盧梵天經

9. Turūbrahmasuttaṃ
180已對照

一百八十、因緣在舍衛城。那時,俱迦利(Kokālika)比丘生病、痛苦、重病纏身。於是都盧(Turū)獨行梵天在夜將盡時容色殊勝,遍照整座祇樹林,來到俱迦利比丘之處;到了之後,站在空中,對俱迦利比丘這樣說——“俱迦利,對舍利弗與目犍連令心淨信吧。舍利弗與目犍連是善良的。”“賢友,你是誰?”“我是都盧獨行梵天。”“賢友,你不是被世尊記說為阿那含了嗎?那你為何來到這裡?看看,你這[事]錯得多麼[厲害]!”

“人確實一出生,斧便生於[他]口中;

以它砍斫自己,愚人說惡說[時]。

“凡稱讚應受呵責者,

或呵責那應受稱讚者;

他便以口積聚敗運(kali),

因那敗運而得不到安樂。

“這是微小的敗運——

即在骰子上輸掉財物;

縱然連同一切所有、連同自身[一併輸掉],

這才是更大的敗運——

即對諸善逝心懷瞋惡。

“十萬尼羅浮陀(nirabbuda),

又三十六[尼羅浮陀]與五阿浮陀(abbuda);

呵責聖者者所趣入的地獄[壽量即此],

[由於他]立定了惡的語與意。”

180. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena kokāliko bhikkhu ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho turū [tudu (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] paccekabrahmā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena kokāliko bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vehāsaṃ ṭhito kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pasādehi, kokālika, sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ. Pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti. ‘‘Kosi tvaṃ, āvuso’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ turū paccekabrahmā’’ti. ‘‘Nanu tvaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā anāgāmī byākato, atha kiñcarahi idhāgato? Passa, yāvañca te idaṃ aparaddha’’nti.
‘‘Purisassa hi jātassa, kuṭhārī [dudhārī (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] jāyate mukhe;
Yāya chindati attānaṃ, bālo dubbhāsitaṃ bhaṇaṃ.
‘‘Yo nindiyaṃ pasaṃsati,
Taṃ vā nindati yo pasaṃsiyo;
Vicināti mukhena so kaliṃ,
Kalinā tena sukhaṃ na vindati.
‘‘Appamattako ayaṃ kali,
Yo akkhesu dhanaparājayo;
Sabbassāpi sahāpi attanā,
Ayameva mahantataro kali;
Yo sugatesu manaṃ padosaye.
‘‘Sataṃ sahassānaṃ nirabbudānaṃ,
Chattiṃsati pañca ca abbudāni;
Yamariyagarahī [yamariye garahī (syā. kaṃ.), yamariyaṃ garahaṃ (ka.)] nirayaṃ upeti,
Vācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya pāpaka’’nti.
已對照

十、俱迦利經

10. Kokālikasuttaṃ
181PTS 1.150緬 1.152已對照

一百八十一、因緣在舍衛城。於是俱迦利(Kokālika)比丘來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的俱迦利比丘對世尊這樣說——“尊者,舍利弗與目犍連有惡欲,已受惡欲所支配。”這樣說了之後,世尊對俱迦利比丘這樣說——“俱迦利,別這樣說!俱迦利,別這樣說!俱迦利,對舍利弗與目犍連令心淨信吧。舍利弗與目犍連是善良的。”第二次,俱迦利比丘對世尊這樣說——“尊者,雖然世尊對我是可信的、可靠的,但是,尊者,舍利弗與目犍連確實有惡欲,已受惡欲所支配。”第二次,世尊對俱迦利比丘這樣說——“俱迦利,別這樣說!俱迦利,別這樣說!俱迦利,對舍利弗與目犍連令心淨信吧。舍利弗與目犍連是善良的。”第三次,俱迦利比丘對世尊這樣說——“雖然……乃至……已受惡欲所支配。”第三次,世尊對俱迦利比丘這樣說——“別這樣說……乃至……舍利弗與目犍連是善良的。”

於是俱迦利比丘從座而起,禮敬世尊,右繞之後離去了。俱迦利比丘離去不久,全身便佈滿了芥子大的皰(pīḷakā)。[那些皰]由芥子大變成綠豆大,由綠豆大變成豌豆大,由豌豆大變成棗核大,由棗核大變成棗子大,由棗子大變成餘甘子(āmalaka)大,由余甘子大變成嫩木蘋果(beluvasalāṭuka)大,由嫩木蘋果大變成木蘋果(billa)大;成了木蘋果大之後,便破裂了。膿與血流了出來。於是俱迦利比丘就因那病而命終了。命終之後,俱迦利比丘因對舍利弗與目犍連心懷嫌恨,投生於缽頭摩(Paduma)地獄。

於是娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)在夜將盡時容色殊勝,遍照整座祇樹林,來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的娑婆主梵天對世尊這樣說——“尊者,俱迦利比丘已命終了。尊者,俱迦利比丘命終之後,因對舍利弗與目犍連心懷嫌恨,已投生於缽頭摩地獄。”娑婆主梵天說了這[話]。說了這[話]之後,他禮敬世尊,右繞之後,就在那裡隱沒了。

於是那一夜過後,世尊召喚諸比丘——“諸比丘,這一夜,娑婆主梵天在夜將盡時容色殊勝,遍照整座祇樹林,來到我之處;到了之後,禮敬我,站在一旁。諸比丘,站在一旁的娑婆主梵天對我這樣說:‘尊者,俱迦利比丘已命終了。尊者,俱迦利比丘命終之後,因對舍利弗與目犍連心懷嫌恨,已投生於缽頭摩地獄。’諸比丘,娑婆主梵天說了這[話]。說了這[話]之後,他禮敬我,右繞之後,就在那裡隱沒了。”

這樣說了之後,某位比丘對世尊這樣說——“尊者,缽頭摩地獄的壽量有多長?”“比丘,缽頭摩地獄的壽量是長的。那不容易計算——‘有這麼多年’,或‘有這麼多百年’,或‘有這麼多千年’,或‘有這麼多十萬年’。”“尊者,那麼可以作個譬喻嗎?”“可以,比丘。”世尊說——

“比丘,譬如憍薩羅的二十筐(khārī)芝麻馱(tilavāha)。有人每過一百年,就從中取出一粒芝麻;比丘,那憍薩羅的二十筐芝麻馱依這方法會更快地趨於耗盡、窮盡,而一個阿浮陀(Abbuda)地獄卻不然。比丘,譬如二十個阿浮陀地獄,這樣便是一個尼羅浮陀(Nirabbuda)地獄。比丘,譬如二十個尼羅浮陀地獄,這樣便是一個阿波波(Ababa)地獄。比丘,譬如二十個阿波波地獄,這樣便是一個阿吒吒(Aṭaṭa)地獄。比丘,譬如二十個阿吒吒地獄,這樣便是一個阿休休(Ahaha)地獄。比丘,譬如二十個阿休休地獄,這樣便是一個拘物頭(Kumuda)地獄。比丘,譬如二十個拘物頭地獄,這樣便是一個須幹提(Sogandhika)地獄。比丘,譬如二十個須幹提地獄,這樣便是一個優缽羅(Uppala)地獄。比丘,譬如二十個優缽羅地獄,這樣便是一個分陀利(Puṇḍarīka)地獄。比丘,譬如二十個分陀利地獄,這樣便是一個缽頭摩地獄。比丘,而俱迦利比丘因對舍利弗與目犍連心懷嫌恨,已投生於缽頭摩地獄。”世尊說了這[番話]。善逝說了這[番話]之後,導師又接著這樣說:

“人確實一出生,

斧便生於[他]口中;

以它砍斫自己,

愚人說惡說[時]。

“凡稱讚應受呵責者,

或呵責那應受稱讚者;

他便以口積聚敗運(kali),

因那敗運而得不到安樂。

“這是微小的敗運——

即在骰子上輸掉財物;

縱然連同一切所有、連同自身[一併輸掉],

這才是更大的敗運——

即對諸善逝心懷瞋惡。

“十萬尼羅浮陀,

又三十六[尼羅浮陀]與五阿浮陀;

呵責聖者者所趣入的地獄[壽量即此],

[由於他]立定了惡的語與意。”

181. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kokāliko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pāpicchā, bhante, sāriputtamoggallānā pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca; mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca. Pasādehi, kokālika, sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ. Pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho kokāliko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiñcāpi me, bhante, bhagavā saddhāyiko paccayiko; atha kho pāpicchāva bhante, sāriputtamoggallānā pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca; mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca. Pasādehi, kokālika, sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ. Pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho kokāliko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiñcāpi…pe… icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ…pe… pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti.
Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Acirapakkantassa ca kokālikassa bhikkhuno sāsapamattīhi pīḷakāhi [piḷakāhi (sī. pī.)] sabbo kāyo phuṭo ahosi. Sāsapamattiyo hutvā muggamattiyo ahesuṃ, muggamattiyo hutvā kalāyamattiyo ahesuṃ, kalāyamattiyo hutvā kolaṭṭhimattiyo ahesuṃ, kolaṭṭhimattiyo hutvā kolamattiyo ahesuṃ, kolamattiyo hutvā āmalakamattiyo ahesuṃ, āmalakamattiyo hutvā beluvasalāṭukamattiyo ahesuṃ, beluvasalāṭukamattiyo hutvā billamattiyo ahesuṃ, billamattiyo hutvā pabhijjiṃsu. Pubbañca lohitañca pagghariṃsu. Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu teneva ābādhena kālamakāsi. Kālaṅkato ca kokāliko bhikkhu padumaṃ nirayaṃ upapajji sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā.
Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sahampati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kokāliko, bhante, bhikkhu kālaṅkato. Kālaṅkato ca, bhante, kokāliko bhikkhu padumaṃ nirayaṃ upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘imaṃ, bhikkhave, rattiṃ brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho, bhikkhave, brahmā sahampati maṃ etadavoca – ‘kokāliko, bhante, bhikkhu kālaṅkato. Kālaṅkato ca, bhante, kokāliko bhikkhu padumaṃ nirayaṃ upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’ti. Idamavoca, bhikkhave, brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā maṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyī’’ti.
Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kīvadīghaṃ nu kho, bhante, padume niraye āyuppamāṇa’’nti? ‘‘Dīghaṃ kho, bhikkhu, padume niraye āyuppamāṇaṃ. Taṃ na sukaraṃ saṅkhātuṃ – ettakāni vassāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasatāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasahassāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasatasahassāni iti vā’’ti. ‘‘Sakkā pana, bhante, upamaṃ kātu’’nti? ‘‘Sakkā, bhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca –
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu vīsatikhāriko kosalako tilavāho. Tato puriso vassasatassa vassasatassa accayena ekamekaṃ tilaṃ uddhareyya; khippataraṃ kho so, bhikkhu, vīsatikhāriko kosalako tilavāho iminā upakkamena parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya, na tveva eko abbudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati abbudā nirayā, evameko nirabbudanirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati nirabbudā nirayā, evameko ababo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati ababā nirayā, evameko aṭaṭo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati aṭaṭā nirayā, evameko ahaho nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati ahahā nirayā, evameko kumudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati kumudā nirayā, evameko sogandhiko nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati sogandhikā nirayā, evameko uppalanirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati uppalā nirayā, evameko puṇḍariko nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati puṇḍarikā nirayā, evameko padumo nirayo. Padume pana, bhikkhu, niraye kokāliko bhikkhu upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Purisassa hi jātassa,
Kuṭhārī jāyate mukhe;
Yāya chindati attānaṃ,
Bālo dubbhāsitaṃ bhaṇaṃ.
‘‘Yo nindiyaṃ pasaṃsati,
Taṃ vā nindati yo pasaṃsiyo;
Vicināti mukhena so kaliṃ,
Kalinā tena sukhaṃ na vindati.
‘‘Appamattako ayaṃ kali,
Yo akkhesu dhanaparājayo;
Sabbassāpi sahāpi attanā,
Ayameva mahantaro kali;
Yo sugatesu manaṃ padosaye.
‘‘Sataṃ sahassānaṃ nirabbudānaṃ,
Chattiṃsati pañca ca abbudāni;
Yamariyagarahī nirayaṃ upeti,
Vācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya pāpaka’’nti.
已對照

第一品。

Paṭhamo vaggo.
緬 1.155已對照

其攝頌——

勸請、恭敬、梵提婆,

婆迦梵天與另一見;

放逸、俱迦利與帝須,

都盧梵天與另一俱迦利。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Āyācanaṃ gāravo brahmadevo,
Bako ca brahmā aparā ca diṭṭhi;
Pamādakokālikatissako ca,
Turū ca brahmā aparo ca kokālikoti.
已對照

二、第二品

2. Dutiyavaggo
已對照

一、常童子經

1. Sanaṅkumārasuttaṃ
182已對照

一百八十二、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在王舍城薩毗尼(Sappinī)[河]岸。那時,常童子梵天(Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra)在夜將盡時容色殊勝,遍照整個薩毗尼[河]岸,來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的常童子梵天在世尊面前說了這首偈——

182. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati sappinītīre. Atha kho brahmā sanaṅkumāro abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ sappinītīraṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sanaṅkumāro bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
已對照

“剎帝利於人眾中最尊——對那些依憑氏族者而言;

‘‘Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ, ye gottapaṭisārino;
已對照

明與行具足者,他於天與人中最尊。”

Vijjācaraṇasampanno, so seṭṭho devamānuse’’ti.
已對照

常童子梵天說了這話。導師表示贊同。於是常童子梵天想「導師對我表示贊同了」,便禮敬世尊,右繞之後,就在那裡隱沒了。

Idamavoca brahmā sanaṅkumāro. Samanuñño satthā ahosi. Atha kho brahmā sanaṅkumāro ‘‘samanuñño me satthā’’ti bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
已對照

二、提婆達多經

2. Devadattasuttaṃ
183PTS 1.154已對照

一百八十三、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在王舍城靈鷲山,提婆達多(Devadatta)離去不久。那時,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)在夜將盡時容色殊勝,遍照整座靈鷲山,來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的娑婆主梵天就提婆達多[之事],在世尊面前說了這首偈——

183. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate acirapakkante devadatte. Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ pabbataṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sahampati devadattaṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
緬 1.156已對照

“果實確實毀滅芭蕉,果實[毀滅]竹,果實[毀滅]蘆葦;

‘‘Phalaṃ ve kadaliṃ hanti, phalaṃ veḷuṃ phalaṃ naḷaṃ;
已對照

恭敬毀滅卑劣之人(kāpurisa),如胎[毀滅]母騾。”

Sakkāro kāpurisaṃ hanti, gabbho assatariṃ yathā’’ti.
已對照

三、安陀迦頻陀經

3. Andhakavindasuttaṃ
184緬 1.157已對照

一百八十四、一時,世尊住在摩揭陀的安陀迦頻陀(Andhakavinda)。那時,世尊在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中坐在露地,天也一點一滴地下著雨。那時,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)在夜將盡時容色殊勝,遍照整個安陀迦頻陀,來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的娑婆主梵天在世尊面前說了這些偈——

“應親近邊遠的坐臥處,

為從諸結解脫而行;

若在那裡得不到喜樂,

應住於僧中,自護、具念。

“挨家挨戶為團食而行,

守護諸根、審慎、具念;

應親近邊遠的坐臥處,

脫離怖畏,於無畏解脫。

“在有可怖之物、爬蟲之處,

閃電往來,天雷轟鳴;

在黑暗昏冥的夜裡,

比丘坐在那裡,已離身毛豎立。

“這確是我所見,此非輾轉傳聞;

在一種梵行之中,便有一千人舍離了死。

“此外還有五百位有學,以及十[位]與十個十[位];

全都已入流,不趣畜生[道]。

“另有其餘之眾,我意以為是有福分者;

我實不能計數,因怕虛妄語。”

184. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā māgadhesu viharati andhakavinde. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā rattandhakāratimisāyaṃ abbhokāse nisinno hoti, devo ca ekamekaṃ phusāyati. Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ andhakavindaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato santike imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
‘‘Sevetha pantāni senāsanāni,
Careyya saṃyojanavippamokkhā;
Sace ratiṃ nādhigaccheyya tattha,
Saṅghe vase rakkhitatto satīmā.
‘‘Kulākulaṃ piṇḍikāya caranto,
Indriyagutto nipako satīmā;
Sevetha pantāni senāsanāni,
Bhayā pamutto abhaye vimutto.
‘‘Yattha bheravā sarīsapā [siriṃ sapā (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)],
Vijju sañcarati thanayati devo;
Andhakāratimisāya rattiyā,
Nisīdi tattha bhikkhu vigatalomahaṃso.
‘‘Idañhi jātu me diṭṭhaṃ, nayidaṃ itihītihaṃ;
Ekasmiṃ brahmacariyasmiṃ, sahassaṃ maccuhāyinaṃ.
‘‘Bhiyyo [bhīyo (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] pañcasatā sekkhā, dasā ca dasadhā dasa;
Sabbe sotasamāpannā, atiracchānagāmino.
‘‘Athāyaṃ [atthāyaṃ-itipi dī. ni. 2.290] itarā pajā, puññabhāgāti me mano;
Saṅkhātuṃ nopi sakkomi, musāvādassa ottapa’’nti [ottapeti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.), ottappeti (ka.)].
已對照

四、阿樓那婆提經

4. Aruṇavatīsuttaṃ
185PTS 1.155已對照

一百八十五、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在舍衛城……乃至……在那裡,世尊召喚諸比丘:“諸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘應諾世尊。世尊這樣說——

185. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
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“諸比丘,從前有一位名叫阿樓那婆(Aruṇavā)的國王。諸比丘,阿樓那婆王有一座名叫阿樓那婆提(Aruṇavatī)的王都。諸比丘,屍棄(Sikhī)世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者依阿樓那婆提王都而住。諸比丘,屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者有名為阿毗浮與三婆婆(Abhibhū, Sambhava)的一對弟子,是最上的賢善一對。諸比丘,那時,屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者召喚阿毗浮比丘:‘婆羅門,來吧,我們去某一梵天界,直到飯食之時到來。’‘是的,尊者。’諸比丘,阿毗浮比丘應諾屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者。諸比丘,那時,屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者與阿毗浮比丘——猶如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那樣——從阿樓那婆提王都隱沒,出現在那梵天界。

‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā ahosi aruṇavā nāma. Rañño kho pana, bhikkhave, aruṇavato aruṇavatī nāma rājadhānī ahosi. Aruṇavatiṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, rājadhāniṃ [aruṇavatiyaṃ kho pana bhikkhave rājadhāniyaṃ (pī. ka.)] sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho upanissāya vihāsi. Sikhissa kho pana, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa abhibhūsambhavaṃ nāma sāvakayugaṃ ahosi aggaṃ bhaddayugaṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘āyāma, brāhmaṇa, yena aññataro brahmaloko tenupasaṅkamissāma, yāva bhattassa kālo bhavissatī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paccassosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhū ca bhikkhu – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – aruṇavatiyā rājadhāniyā antarahitā tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahesuṃ.
PTS 1.156緬 1.158已對照

“諸比丘,那時,屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者召喚阿毗浮比丘:‘婆羅門,願對梵天、梵眾與諸梵眾天的法語在你[心中]現起。’‘是的,尊者。’諸比丘,阿毗浮比丘應諾屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者之後,以法語為梵天、梵眾與諸梵眾天開示、勸導、激勵、令歡喜。諸比丘,在那裡,梵天、梵眾與諸梵眾天譏嫌、抱怨、四處宣揚:‘諸位,真是稀有啊!諸位,真是未曾有啊!導師親自在場,弟子怎麼竟會說法呢!’”

‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘paṭibhātu, brāhmaṇa, taṃ brahmuno ca brahmaparisāya ca brahmapārisajjānañca dhammī kathā’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho, bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paṭissutvā, brahmānañca brahmaparisañca brahmapārisajje ca dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca ujjhāyanti khiyyanti [khīyanti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vipācenti – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho, kathañhi nāma satthari sammukhībhūte sāvako dhammaṃ desessatī’’’ti!
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“諸比丘,那時,屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者召喚阿毗浮比丘:‘婆羅門,梵天、梵眾與諸梵眾天在譏嫌——諸位,真是稀有啊!諸位,真是未曾有啊!導師親自在場,弟子怎麼竟會說法呢!那麼,婆羅門,你要更進一步令梵天、梵眾與諸梵眾天生起悚懼。’‘是的,尊者。’諸比丘,阿毗浮比丘應諾屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者之後,以可見之身說法,也以不可見之身說法;以可見的下半身、不可見的上半身說法,也以可見的上半身、不可見的下半身說法。諸比丘,在那裡,梵天、梵眾與諸梵眾天都生起了稀有、未曾有之心:‘諸位,真是稀有啊!諸位,真是未曾有啊!沙門的大神通性、大威力性!’”

‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘ujjhāyanti kho te, brāhmaṇa, brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca – acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, kathañhi nāma satthari sammukhībhūte sāvako dhammaṃ desessatīti! Tena hi tvaṃ brāhmaṇa, bhiyyosomattāya brahmānañca brahmaparisañca brahmapārisajje ca saṃvejehī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho, bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paṭissutvā dissamānenapi kāyena dhammaṃ desesi, adissamānenapi kāyena dhammaṃ desesi, dissamānenapi heṭṭhimena upaḍḍhakāyena adissamānena uparimena upaḍḍhakāyena dhammaṃ desesi, dissamānenapi uparimena upaḍḍhakāyena adissamānena heṭṭhimena upaḍḍhakāyena dhammaṃ desesi. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca acchariyabbhutacittajātā ahesuṃ – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā’’’ti!
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“那時,阿毗浮比丘對屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者這樣說:‘尊者,我自知曾在比丘僧團中說過這樣的話——賢友們,我能站在梵天界,以聲音令千世界了知。’‘婆羅門,正是時候;婆羅門,正是時候——就是你站在梵天界、以聲音令千世界了知[之時]。’‘是的,尊者。’諸比丘,阿毗浮比丘應諾屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者之後,站在梵天界說了這些偈——

‘‘Atha kho abhibhū bhikkhu sikhiṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘abhijānāmi khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhikkhusaṅghassa majjhe evarūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā – pahomi khvāhaṃ āvuso, brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṃ [sahassīlokadhātuṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] sarena viññāpetu’nti. ‘Etassa, brāhmaṇa, kālo, etassa, brāhmaṇa, kālo; yaṃ tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpeyyāsī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho, bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paṭissutvā brahmaloke ṭhito imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
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“你們當奮起,當出離,當致力於佛陀的教法;

‘‘Ārambhatha [ārabbhatha (sabbattha)] nikkamatha [nikkhamatha (sī. pī.)], yuñjatha buddhasāsane;
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當摧破死[王]之軍,如象[摧破]蘆葦屋。

Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro.
PTS 1.157已對照

“凡於此法與律中不放逸而住者,

‘‘Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati;
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舍離生死輪迴,將作苦的邊際。”

Pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti.
緬 1.159已對照

“諸比丘,那時,屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者與阿毗浮比丘令梵天、梵眾與諸梵眾天生起悚懼之後——猶如……乃至……從那梵天界隱沒,出現在阿樓那婆提王都。諸比丘,那時,屍棄世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者召喚諸比丘:‘諸比丘,你們聽到阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界說偈了嗎?’‘尊者,我們聽到阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界說偈了。’‘諸比丘,那麼你們是怎樣聽到阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界說偈的呢?’”尊者,我們是這樣聽到阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界說偈的——

‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī ca bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhū ca bhikkhu brahmānañca brahmaparisañca brahmapārisajje ca saṃvejetvā – seyyathāpi nāma…pe… tasmiṃ brahmaloke antarahitā aruṇavatiyā rājadhāniyā pāturahesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘assuttha no, tumhe, bhikkhave, abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’ti? ‘Assumha kho mayaṃ, bhante, abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’ti. ‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tumhe, bhikkhave, assuttha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’’’ti? Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, assumha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassa –
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“你們當奮起,當出離,當致力於佛陀的教法;

‘‘Ārambhatha nikkamatha, yuñjatha buddhasāsane;
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當摧破死[王]之軍,如象[摧破]蘆葦屋。

Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro.
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“凡於此法與律中不放逸而住者,

‘‘Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati;
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舍離生死輪迴,將作苦的邊際。”

Pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti.
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“‘尊者,我們是這樣聽到阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界說偈的。’‘善哉,善哉,諸比丘!諸比丘,你們真是善哉!你們聽到了阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界說偈。’”

‘‘‘Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, assumha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’ti. ‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhave; sādhu kho tumhe, bhikkhave! Assuttha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’’’ti.
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世尊說了這[番話]。那些比丘滿意、歡喜世尊之所說。

Idamavoca bhagavā, attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
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五、般涅槃經

5. Parinibbānasuttaṃ
186PTS 1.158緬 1.160已對照

一百八十六、一時,世尊住在拘屍那羅(Kusinārā)優婆跋多那(Upavattana)末羅人的娑羅林中、雙娑羅樹之間,正值般涅槃之時。於是,世尊召喚諸比丘:“那麼,諸比丘,我現在告訴你們:‘諸行是壞滅法,當以不放逸成就。’這是如來最後之語。”

於是,世尊入初禪。從初禪出定後,入第二禪。從第二禪出定後,入第三禪。從第三禪出定後,入第四禪。從第四禪出定後,入空無邊處。從空無邊處出定後,入識無邊處。從識無邊處出定後,入無所有處。從無所有處出定後,入非想非非想處。從非想非非想處出定後,入想受滅。

從想受滅出定後,入非想非非想處。從非想非非想處出定後,入無所有處。從無所有處出定後,入識無邊處。從識無邊處出定後,入空無邊處。從空無邊處出定後,入第四禪。從第四禪出定後,入第三禪。從第三禪出定後,入第二禪。從第二禪出定後,入初禪。從初禪出定後,入第二禪。從第二禪出定後,入第三禪。從第三禪出定後,入第四禪。從第四禪出定後,世尊隨即般涅槃。世尊般涅槃時,與般涅槃同時,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)說了這首偈——

“世間一切生類,皆將舍其身聚;

[今]這樣的導師——於世無可比擬者、

已得[十]力的如來、正覺者——已般涅槃。”

世尊般涅槃時,與般涅槃同時,諸天之主帝釋(Sakka devānaminda)說了這首偈——

“諸行實是無常,是生滅之法;

生起之後便滅去,其寂止為樂。”

世尊般涅槃時,與般涅槃同時,具壽阿難說了這首偈——

“那時是可怖的,那時是令身毛豎立的——

當具足一切行相之勝的正覺者般涅槃之時。”

世尊般涅槃時,與般涅槃同時,具壽阿那律(Anuruddha)說了這些偈——

“心已住立的如如者,無有入息出息;

不動的具眼者趣向寂靜,已般涅槃。

“以不退縮的心忍受了[那]受;

如同燈的熄滅,[他]心的解脫就是這樣。”

186. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kusinārāyaṃ viharati upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane antarena yamakasālānaṃ parinibbānasamaye. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘handa dāni, bhikkhave, āmantayāmi vo – ‘vayadhammā saṅkhārā, appamādena sampādethā’ti. Ayaṃ tathāgatassa pacchimā vācā’’.
Atha kho bhagavā paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ [paṭhamajjhānaṃ (syā. kaṃ.) evaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ iccādīsupi] samāpajji. Paṭhamā jhānā [paṭhamajjhānā (syā. kaṃ.) evaṃ dutiyā jhānā iccādīsupi] vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Dutiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Tatiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Catutthā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākāsānañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Viññāṇañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākiñcaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpajji.
Saññāvedayitanirodhā vuṭṭhahitvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākiñcaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Viññāṇañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākāsānañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Catutthā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Tatiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Dutiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Paṭhamā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Dutiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Tatiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Catutthā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā samanantaraṃ bhagavā parinibbāyi. Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā brahmā sahampati imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
‘‘Sabbeva nikkhipissanti, bhūtā loke samussayaṃ;
Yattha etādiso satthā, loke appaṭipuggalo;
Tathāgato balappatto, sambuddho parinibbuto’’ti.
Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā sakko devānamindo imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
‘‘Aniccā vata saṅkhārā, uppādavayadhammino;
Uppajjitvā nirujjhanti, tesaṃ vūpasamo sukho’’ti.
Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā āyasmā ānando imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
‘‘Tadāsi yaṃ bhiṃsanakaṃ, tadāsi lomahaṃsanaṃ;
Sabbākāravarūpete, sambuddhe parinibbute’’ti.
Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā āyasmā anuruddho imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
‘‘Nāhu assāsapassāso, ṭhitacittassa tādino;
Anejo santimārabbha, cakkhumā parinibbuto [yaṃ kālamakarī muni (mahāparinibbānasutte)].
‘‘Asallīnena cittena, vedanaṃ ajjhavāsayi;
Pajjotasseva nibbānaṃ, vimokkho cetaso ahū’’ti.
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第二品。

Dutiyo vaggo.
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其攝頌——

梵天常童子、提婆達多,安陀迦頻陀、阿樓那婆提;

連同般涅槃[經]所開示的,這梵天五[經]。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Brahmāsanaṃ devadatto, andhakavindo aruṇavatī;
Parinibbānena ca desitaṃ, idaṃ brahmapañcakanti.
已對照

《梵天相應》完畢。[從此以下,緬甸寫本中也見有這樣的[攝頌]——梵天勸請與不恭敬,梵提婆與婆迦梵天;某梵天與梵天、俱迦利,帝須與都盧;梵天、俱迦利比丘,與常童子、提婆達多;安陀迦頻陀、阿樓那婆提,連同般涅槃,[共]十五[經]。]

Brahmasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ. [ito paraṃ marammapotthakesu evampi dissati –§brahmāyācanaṃ agāravañca, brahmadevo bako ca brahmā.§aññataro ca brahmākokālikañca, tissakañca turū ca.§brahmā kokālikabhikkhu, sanaṅkumārena devadattaṃ.§andhakavindaṃ aruṇavati, parinibbānena pannarasāti.]