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清淨道論·六隨唸的解說 Chaanussatiniddeso

本經目錄七、六隨唸的解說一、佛隨念論一百四十四、而這是另一理趣。二、法隨念論三、僧隨念論四、戒隨念論五、舍隨念論六、天隨念論雜論如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,於定的修習之部,名為〈六隨唸的解說〉的第七章[終]。

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七、六隨唸的解說

7. Chaanussatiniddeso
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一、佛隨念論

1. Buddhānussatikathā
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一百二十三、在緊接諸不淨之後所列舉的十隨念中,由於一再地生起,念本身就是隨念(anussati);或者,由於唯在應轉起之處轉起,是與以信出家的良家子相稱的念,故也是隨念。緣於佛而生起的隨念,[是]佛隨念(buddhānussati),這是以佛的諸德為所緣的唸的增語。緣於法而生起的隨念,[是]法隨念(dhammānussati),這是以善說性等法的諸德為所緣的唸的增語。緣於僧而生起的隨念,[是]僧隨念(saṅghānussati),這是以善行道性等僧的諸德為所緣的唸的增語。緣於戒而生起的隨念,[是]戒隨念(sīlānussati),這是以無毀性等戒的諸德為所緣的唸的增語。緣於舍而生起的隨念,[是]舍隨念(cāgānussati),這是以施捨無所保留性等舍的諸德為所緣的唸的增語。緣於諸天而生起的隨念,[是]天隨念(devatānussati),這是立諸天為證人、以自己的信等諸德為所緣的唸的增語。緣於死而生起的隨念,[是]死隨念(maraṇānussati),這是以命根的斷絕為所緣的唸的增語。到達以頭髮等為區分的色身,或者行於身中,故為「身至(kāyagatā)」;它是身至,又是念,[依此]本應說 kāyagatasati,[卻]不作短音而說為「身至念(kāyagatāsati)」,這是以頭髮等身之部分的相為所緣的唸的增語。緣於入出息而生起的念,[是]入出息念(ānāpānassati),這是以入息出息的相為所緣的唸的增語。緣於寂止而生起的隨念,[是]寂止隨念(upasamānussati),這是以一切苦的寂止為所緣的唸的增語。

123. Asubhānantaraṃ uddiṭṭhāsu pana dasasu anussatīsu punappunaṃ uppajjanato satiyeva anussati, pavattitabbaṭṭhānamhiyeva vā pavattattā saddhāpabbajitassa kulaputtassa anurūpā satītipi anussati, buddhaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati buddhānussati, buddhaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Dhammaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati dhammānussati, svākkhātatādidhammaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Saṅghaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati saṅghānussati, suppaṭipannatādisaṅghaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Sīlaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati sīlānussati, akhaṇḍatādisīlaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Cāgaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati cāgānussati, muttacāgatādicāgaguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Devatā ārabbha uppannā anussati devatānussati, devatā sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā attano saddhādiguṇārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Maraṇaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati maraṇānussati, jīvitindriyupacchedārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Kesādibhedaṃ rūpakāyaṃ gatā, kāye vā gatāti kāyagatā, kāyagatā ca sā sati cāti kāyagatasatīti vattabbe rassaṃ akatvā kāyagatāsatīti vuttā, kesādikāyakoṭṭhāsanimittārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Ānāpāne ārabbha uppannā sati ānāpānassati, assāsapassāsanimittārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Upasamaṃ ārabbha uppannā anussati upasamānussati, sabbadukkhūpasamārammaṇāya satiyā etamadhivacanaṃ.
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一百二十四、如是,在這十隨念中,想先修習佛隨唸的瑜伽者,應具足不壞淨信(aveccappasāda),在適宜的坐臥處獨處靜坐,如是隨念佛世尊的諸德:「那位世尊亦即是阿羅漢、正等正覺者、明行具足、善逝、世間解、無上者、調御丈夫、天人導師、佛陀、世尊。」(《增支部》6.10)

124. Iti imāsu dasasu anussatīsu buddhānussatiṃ tāva bhāvetukāmena aveccappasādasamannāgatena yoginā patirūpasenāsane rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ buddhassa bhagavato guṇā anussaritabbā.
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此中,這是隨念之法——[他]隨念「那位世尊亦即是阿羅漢,亦即是正等正覺者……乃至……亦即是世尊」。所說的意思是:以此以此之因由。

Tatrāyaṃ anussaraṇanayo – so bhagavā itipi arahaṃ, itipi sammāsambuddho…pe… itipi bhagavāti anussarati. Iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇenāti vuttaṃ hoti.
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一百二十五、此中,由遠離故、由已破諸敵與諸[輪]輻故、由堪受資具等故、由於造惡無有隱秘故——先以這些因由,[他]隨念那位世尊為「阿羅漢(arahaṃ)」。因為他遠離(ārakā)一切煩惱,住於極其遙遠之處,由於以道摧毀了連同習氣的諸煩惱——如是由遠離故為阿羅漢。

125. Tattha ārakattā arīnaṃ arānañca hatattā paccayādīnaṃ arahattā pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvāti imehi tāva kāraṇehi so bhagavā arahanti anussarati. Ārakā hi so sabbakilesehi suvidūravidūre ṭhito maggena savāsanānaṃ kilesānaṃ viddhaṃsitattāti ārakattā arahaṃ.
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誰對何者不具足,他便名為遠離於彼;

So tato ārakā nāma, yassa yenāsamaṅgitā;
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怙主不具足諸過失,因此被認為是阿羅漢。

Asamaṅgī ca dosehi, nātho tenārahaṃ matoti.
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一百二十六、而這些煩惱之敵已被他以道所破——由已破諸敵(arīnaṃ hatattā)故也為阿羅漢。

126. Te cānena kilesārayo maggena hatāti arīnaṃ hatattāpi arahaṃ.
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由於稱為貪等的一切諸敵,

Yasmā rāgādisaṅkhātā, sabbepi arayo hatā;
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都已被怙主以慧刀所破,因此也被認為是阿羅漢。

Paññāsatthena nāthena, tasmāpi arahaṃ matoti.
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一百二十七、又,這以無明與有愛所成為轂、以福[行]等諸行為輻、以老死為輞、以諸漏之集所成的軸貫穿、連結於三有之車上、自無始時以來轉起的輪迴之輪——他在菩提座(bodhimaṇḍa)上,以精進之雙足立於戒之大地,以信之手執持能作業盡的智之斧,破了[它的]一切輻——由已破諸輻(arānaṃ hatattā)故也為阿羅漢。

127. Yañcetaṃ avijjābhavataṇhāmayanābhi puññādiabhisaṅkhārāraṃ jarāmaraṇanemi āsavasamudayamayena akkhena vijjhitvā tibhavarathe samāyojitaṃ anādikālappavattaṃ saṃsāracakkaṃ, tassānena bodhimaṇḍe vīriyapādehi sīlapathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya saddhāhatthena kammakkhayakaraṃ ñāṇapharasuṃ gahetvā sabbe arā hatāti arānaṃ hatattāpi arahaṃ.
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一百二十八、或者,「輪迴之輪(saṃsāracakka)」稱為無始的輪迴輪轉。無明是它的轂,因為是根本;老死是輞,因為是終結;其餘十法是輻,因為以無明為根本、以老死為邊際。此中,於苦等的無知是無明。在欲有中,無明為欲有中諸行之緣;在色有中,無明為色有中諸行之緣;在無色有中,無明為無色有中諸行之緣。在欲有中,諸行為欲有中結生識之緣;於其餘[二有]也是這個方法。在欲有中,結生識為欲有中名色之緣;在色有中也是如此。在無色有中,[結生識]唯為名之緣。在欲有中,名色為欲有中六處之緣;在色有中,名色為色有中三處之緣;在無色有中,名為無色有中一處之緣。在欲有中,六處為欲有中六種觸之緣;在色有中,三處為色有中三種觸之緣;在無色有中,一處為無色有中一種觸之緣。在欲有中,六觸為欲有中六受之緣;在色有中,三觸為同處三[受]之緣;在無色有中,一[觸]為同處一受之緣。在欲有中,六受為欲有中六愛身之緣;在色有中,三[受]為同處三[愛身]之緣;在無色有中,一受為無色有中一愛身之緣。在各處,各各的愛為各各取之緣,取等為有等之緣。

128. Atha vā saṃsāracakkanti anamataggaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ vuccati. Tassa ca avijjā nābhi, mūlattā. Jarāmaraṇaṃ nemi, pariyosānattā. Sesā dasa dhammā arā, avijjāmūlakattā jarāmaraṇapariyantattā ca, tattha dukkhādīsu aññāṇaṃ avijjā. Kāmabhave ca avijjā kāmabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti, rūpabhave avijjā rūpabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti, arūpabhave avijjā arūpabhave saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave saṅkhārā kāmabhave paṭisandhiviññāṇassa paccayā honti, esa nayo itaresu. Kāmabhave paṭisandhiviññāṇaṃ kāmabhave nāmarūpassa paccayo hoti, tathā rūpabhave. Arūpabhave nāmasseva paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave nāmarūpaṃ kāmabhave saḷāyatanassa paccayo hoti, rūpabhave nāmarūpaṃ rūpabhave tiṇṇaṃ āyatanānaṃ paccayo hoti, arūpabhave nāmaṃ arūpabhave ekassa āyatanassa paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave saḷāyatanaṃ kāmabhave chabbidhassa phassassa paccayo hoti, rūpabhave tīṇi āyatanāni rūpabhave tiṇṇaṃ phassānaṃ paccayā honti, arūpabhave ekaṃ āyatanaṃ arūpabhave ekassa phassassa paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave cha phassā kāmabhave channaṃ vedanānaṃ paccayā honti, rūpabhave tayo phassā tattheva tissannaṃ, arūpabhave eko tattheva ekissā vedanāya paccayo hoti. Kāmabhave cha vedanā kāmabhave channaṃ taṇhākāyānaṃ paccayā honti, rūpabhave tisso tattheva tiṇṇaṃ, arūpabhave ekā vedanā arūpabhave ekassa taṇhākāyassa paccayo hoti. Tattha tattha sā sā taṇhā tassa tassa upādānassa, upādānādayo bhavādīnaṃ.
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怎樣呢?在此,有人[想]:「我將受用諸欲。」便以欲取(kāmupādāna)為緣,以身行惡行,以語行惡行,以意行惡行;由惡行的圓滿,生於苦界。此中,作為他受生之因的業是業有,由業所生的諸蘊是生有,諸蘊的生起是生,成熟是老,壞散是死。

Kathaṃ? Idhekacco kāme paribhuñjissāmīti kāmupādānapaccayā kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati, duccaritapāripūriyā apāye upapajjati. Tatthassa upapattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavo, kammanibbattā khandhā upapattibhavo, khandhānaṃ nibbatti jāti, paripāko jarā, bhedo maraṇaṃ.
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另一人[想]:「我將享受天界的成就。」便同樣行善行;由善行的圓滿,生於天界。此中,作為他受生之因的業是業有——[以下]即是這同一方法。

Aparo saggasampattiṃ anubhavissāmīti tatheva sucaritaṃ carati, sucaritapāripūriyā sagge upapajjati. Tatthassa upapattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavoti so eva nayo.
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又另一人[想]:「我將享受梵天界的成就。」便正以欲取為緣修習慈,修習悲、喜、舍;由修習的圓滿,生於梵天界。此中,作為他生起之因的業是業有——[以下]即是這同一方法。

Aparo pana brahmalokasampattiṃ anubhavissāmīti kāmupādānapaccayāeva mettaṃ bhāveti, karuṇaṃ, muditaṃ, upekkhaṃ bhāveti, bhāvanāpāripūriyā brahmaloke nibbattati. Tatthassa nibbattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavoti so eva nayo.
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另一人[想]:「我將享受無色有中的成就。」便同樣修習空無邊處等諸等至;由修習的圓滿,生於各各[無色有]中。此中,作為他生起之因的業是業有,由業所生的諸蘊是生有,諸蘊的生起是生,成熟是老,壞散是死。在以其餘諸取為根本的配釋中,也是這個方法。

Aparo arūpabhave sampattiṃ anubhavissāmīti tatheva ākāsānañcāyatanādisamāpattiyo bhāveti, bhāvanāpāripūriyā tattha tattha nibbattati. Tatthassa nibbattihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ kammabhavo, kammanibbattā khandhā upapattibhavo, khandhānaṃ nibbatti jāti, paripāko jarā, bhedo maraṇanti. Esa nayo sesupādānamūlikāsupi yojanāsu.
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如是,無明是因,諸行是因所生,這二者都是因所生——於緣攝受(paccayapariggaha)的慧是法住智(dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇa)。於過去時也好,於未來時也好,無明是因,諸行是因所生,這二者都是因所生——於緣攝受的慧是法住智——應依這同一方法詳說一切句。

Evaṃ ayaṃ avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, ubhopete hetusamuppannāti paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ. Atītampi addhānaṃ anāgatampi addhānaṃ avijjā hetu, saṅkhārā hetusamuppannā, ubhopete hetusamuppannāti paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇanti eteneva nayena sabbapadāni vitthāretabbāni.
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此中,無明、行是一略攝,識、名色、六處、觸、受是一[略攝],愛、取、有是一[略攝],生、老死是一[略攝]。此中,前略攝是過去時,中間兩個是現在,生、老死是未來。此中,由取無明、行,愛、取、有也就已被取了,故這五法是過去的業輪轉(kammavaṭṭa);識等五[法]是現在的異熟輪轉(vipākavaṭṭa);由取愛、取、有,無明、行也就已被取了,故這五法是現在的業輪轉;由以生、老死之名指示了識等,故這五法是未來的異熟輪轉。它們依行相而有二十種。此中,在行與識之間是一連結,在受與愛之間是一[連結],在有與生之間是一[連結]——如是,世尊以一切行相知、見、了知、通達這具四略攝(catusaṅkhepa)、三時(tiyaddha)、二十行相(vīsatākāra)、三連結(tisandhi)的緣起。那[知]依已知之義是智,依了知之義是慧,因此說:「於緣攝受的慧是法住智。」世尊以這法住智如實地知了那些法之後,於它們厭離、離貪、解脫,便破、壞、摧毀了前述這輪迴之輪的諸輻。如是由已破諸輻故也為阿羅漢。

Tattha avijjāsaṅkhārā eko saṅkhepo, viññāṇanāmarūpasaḷāyatanaphassavedanā eko, taṇhupādānabhavā eko, jātijarāmaraṇaṃ eko. Purimasaṅkhepo cettha atīto addhā, dve majjhimā paccuppanno, jātijarāmaraṇaṃ anāgato. Avijjāsaṅkhāraggahaṇena cettha taṇhupādānabhavā gahitāva hontīti ime pañca dhammā atīte kammavaṭṭaṃ, viññāṇādayo pañca etarahi vipākavaṭṭaṃ, taṇhupādānabhavaggahaṇena avijjāsaṅkhārā gahitāva hontīti ime pañca dhammā etarahi kammavaṭṭaṃ, jātijarāmaraṇāpadesena viññāṇādīnaṃ niddiṭṭhattā ime pañca dhammā āyatiṃ vipākavaṭṭaṃ. Te ākārato vīsatividhā honti. Saṅkhāraviññāṇānañcettha antarā eko sandhi, vedanātaṇhānamantarā eko, bhavajātīnamantarā ekoti, iti bhagavā etaṃ catusaṅkhepaṃ tiyaddhaṃ vīsatākāraṃ tisandhiṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ sabbākārato jānāti passati aññāti paṭivijjhati. Taṃ ñātaṭṭhena ñāṇaṃ, pajānanaṭṭhena paññā, tena vuccati paccayapariggahe paññā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇanti. Iminā dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇena bhagavā te dhamme yathābhūtaṃ ñatvā tesu nibbindanto virajjanto vimuccanto vuttappakārassa imassa saṃsāracakkassa are hani vihani viddhaṃsesi. Evampi arānaṃ hatattā arahaṃ.
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由於輪迴之輪的諸輻,已被[他]以智劍所破;

Arā saṃsāracakkassa, hatā ñāṇāsinā yato;
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因此這位世間怙主,被稱為阿羅漢。

Lokanāthena tenesa, arahanti pavuccati.
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一百二十九、又由於是最上應施者(aggadakkhiṇeyya),[他]堪受衣等資具與殊勝的供養。正因如此,如來出現時,凡有大威勢的天與人,都不在別處作供養。因為娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)以須彌山(Sineru)那麼大的寶鬘供養了如來;其他諸天與人——頻婆娑羅王(Bimbisāra)、憍薩羅王等——也隨力[供養]。甚至世尊般涅槃之後,阿育大王(Asoka)也為世尊捨出九十六俱胝財,在全閻浮提(Jambudīpa)建立了八萬四千座寺。至於其他的殊勝供養,更何待言!——由堪受資具等故也為阿羅漢。

殊勝的供養連同諸資具,

由於這位世間怙主都堪受;

與義相符的「阿羅漢」於世間,

因此勝者堪受這個名號。

129. Aggadakkhiṇeyyattā ca cīvarādipaccaye arahati pūjāvisesañca. Teneva ca uppanne tathāgate yekeci mahesakkhā devamanussā, na te aññattha pūjaṃ karonti. Tathā hi brahmā sahampati sinerumattena ratanadāmena tathāgataṃ pūjesi. Yathābalañca aññe devā manussā ca bimbisārakosalarājādayo. Parinibbutampi ca bhagavantaṃ uddissa channavutikoṭidhanaṃ vissajjetvā asokamahārājā sakalajambudīpe caturāsītivihārasahassāni patiṭṭhāpesi. Ko pana vādo aññesaṃ pūjāvisesānanti paccayādīnaṃ arahattāpi arahaṃ.
Pūjāvisesaṃ saha paccayehi,
Yasmā ayaṃ arahati lokanātho;
Atthānurūpaṃ arahanti loke,
Tasmā jino arahati nāmametaṃ.
130已對照

一百三十、又如世間有些自以為智者的愚人,怕惡名而在隱秘處作惡,這位[世尊]卻從來不這樣作——由於造惡無有隱秘故也為阿羅漢。

由於如是者於諸惡業,沒有所謂的隱秘;

由於無有隱秘,因此他以「阿羅漢」著稱。

如是,從一切方面——

由遠離、又由已破煩惱諸敵,那位牟尼;

已破輪迴之輪的諸輻,又堪受資具等;

不在隱秘處作諸惡,因此稱為阿羅漢。

130. Yathā ca loke yekeci paṇḍitamānino bālā asilokabhayena raho pāpaṃ karonti, evamesa na kadāci karotīti pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvatopi arahaṃ.
Yasmā natthi raho nāma, pāpakammesu tādino;
Rahābhāvena tenesa, arahaṃ iti vissuto.
Evaṃ sabbathāpi –
Ārakattā hatattā ca, kilesārīna so muni;
Hatasaṃsāracakkāro, paccayādīna cāraho;
Na raho karoti pāpāni, arahaṃ tena vuccatīti.
131已對照

一百三十一、又由正確地、自己覺悟一切法,故為正等正覺者。因為他正確地、自己覺悟了一切法:於應證知之法,覺悟為應證知;於應遍知之法,[覺悟]為應遍知;於應舍斷之法,[覺悟]為應舍斷;於應作證之法,[覺悟]為應作證;於應修習之法,[覺悟]為應修習。正因如此,他說——

131. Sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana sammāsambuddho. Tathāhi esa sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho, abhiññeyye dhamme abhiññeyyato buddho, pariññeyye dhamme pariññeyyato, pahātabbe dhamme pahātabbato, sacchikātabbe dhamme sacchikātabbato, bhāvetabbe dhamme bhāvetabbato. Teneva cāha –
已對照

「應證知的我已證知,應修習的我已修習,

Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ;
已對照

應舍斷的我已舍斷,因此,婆羅門,我是佛陀。」(《中部》2.399;《經集》563)

Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇāti. (ma. ni. 2.399; su. ni. 563);
132緬 1.196已對照

一百三十二、此外,眼是苦諦;作為它的根本原因而令其生起的先前的渴愛是集諦;二者的不轉起是滅諦;了知滅的行道是道諦——如是也以逐一提出各句[的方式],正確地、自己覺悟一切法。於耳、鼻、舌、身、意也是這個方法。依這同一方法,應配上:色等六處,眼識等六識身,眼觸等六觸,眼觸所生[受]等六受,色想等六想,色思等六思,色愛等六愛身,色尋等六尋,色伺等六伺,色蘊等五蘊,十遍,十隨念,依膨脹想等的十想,頭髮等三十二行相,十二處,十八界,欲有等九有,初[禪]等四禪,慈的修習等四無量,四無色等至,逆次第的老死等、順次第的無明等諸緣起支。

132. Apica cakkhuṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, tassa mūlakāraṇabhāvena samuṭṭhāpikā purimataṇhā samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnaṃ appavatti nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhapajānanā paṭipadā maggasaccanti evaṃ ekekapaduddhārenāpi sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho, esa nayo sotaghānajivhākāyamanesu. Eteneva nayena rūpādīni cha āyatanāni, cakkhuviññāṇādayo chaviññāṇakāyā, cakkhusamphassādayo cha phassā, cakkhusamphassajādayo cha vedanā, rūpasaññādayo cha saññā, rūpasañcetanādayo cha cetanā, rūpataṇhādayo cha taṇhākāyā, rūpavitakkādayo cha vitakkā, rūpavicārādayo cha vicārā, rūpakkhandhādayo pañcakkhandhā, dasa kasiṇāni, dasa anussatiyo, uddhumātakasaññādivasena dasa saññā, kesādayo dvattiṃsākārā, dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, kāmabhavādayo nava bhavā, paṭhamādīni cattāri jhānāni, mettābhāvanādayo catasso appamaññā, catasso arūpasamāpattiyo, paṭilomato jarāmaraṇādīni, anulomato avijjādīni paṭiccasamuppādaṅgāni ca yojetabbāni.
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此中,這是逐一句的配合:老死是苦諦,生是集諦,二者的出離是滅諦,了知滅的行道是道諦——如是以逐一提出各句[的方式],正確地、自己覺悟、隨覺悟、通覺悟一切法。因此說:「又由正確地、自己覺悟一切法,故為正等正覺者。」

Tatrāyaṃ ekapadayojanā, jarāmaraṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, jāti samudayasaccaṃ, ubhinnampi nissaraṇaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodhapajānanā paṭipadā maggasaccanti evamekekapaduddhārena sabbadhamme sammā sāmañca buddho anubuddho paṭibuddho. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana sammāsambuddho’’ti.
133已對照

一百三十三、又由具足諸明與行,故為明行具足。此中,「明」者:即三明,也[即]八明。三明應依《怖駭經》(Bhayabheravasutta)(《中部》1.52 等)中所說的方法而知,八[明]依《阿摩晝經》(Ambaṭṭhasutta)(《長部》1.278 等)。因為在那裡,是以觀智與意所成神通一起,攝取六神通而說八明的。「行」者:應知是這十五法——戒律儀、守護諸根門、於食知量、致力於警寤、七正法、四色界禪。因為正是這十五法,由於聖弟子以它們而行、而去往不死之方,故說為「行」。即如所說:「摩訶那摩(Mahānāma),在此,聖弟子是持戒者」(《中部》2.24)——一切應依《中分五十經》(Majjhimapaṇṇāsa)中所說的方法而知。世尊具足這些明與這行,因此稱為「明行具足」。

133. Vijjāhi pana caraṇena ca sampannattā vijjācaraṇasampanno. Tattha vijjāti tissopi vijjā aṭṭhapi vijjā. Tisso vijjā bhayabheravasutte (ma. ni. 1.52 ādayo) vuttanayeneva veditabbā, aṭṭha ambaṭṭhasutte (dī. ni. 1.278 ādayo). Tatra hi vipassanāñāṇena manomayiddhiyā ca saha cha abhiññā pariggahetvā aṭṭha vijjā vuttā. Caraṇanti sīlasaṃvaro, indriyesu guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā, jāgariyānuyogo, satta saddhammā, cattāri rūpāvacarajjhānānīti ime pannarasa dhammā veditabbā. Imeyeva hi pannarasa dhammā yasmā etehi carati ariyasāvako gacchati amataṃ disaṃ, tasmā caraṇanti vuttā. Yathāha – ‘‘idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sīlavā hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.24) sabbaṃ majjhimapaṇṇāsake vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Bhagavā imāhi vijjāhi iminā ca caraṇena samannāgato. Tena vuccati vijjācaraṇasampannoti.
緬 1.197已對照

此中,世尊的明具足是圓滿了一切知性而住立的,行具足是[圓滿了]大悲者之性[而住立的]。他以一切知性知道一切眾生的利益與不利益,以大悲者之性令[他們]避開不利益而致力於利益——正如明行具足者[所當為]的那樣。因此,他的弟子們是善行道者,不是惡行道者,[不]如明行缺失者的弟子——自苦者等那樣。

Tattha vijjāsampadā bhagavato sabbaññutaṃ pūretvā ṭhitā. Caraṇasampadā mahākāruṇikataṃ. So sabbaññutāya sabbasattānaṃ atthānatthaṃ ñatvā mahākāruṇikatāya anatthaṃ parivajjetvā atthe niyojeti. Yathā taṃ vijjācaraṇasampanno. Tenassa sāvakā suppaṭipannā honti, no duppaṭipannā vijjācaraṇavipannānaṃ sāvakā attantapādayo viya.
134緬 1.198已對照

一百三十四、由行善美故、由去往美好之處故、由正確地去故、由正確地說故,為善逝。因為「行(gamana)」也稱為「去(gata)」,而世尊的那[行]是善美的、遍淨的、無過失的。那它是什麼呢?是聖道。因為他以那行無所滯礙地去往安穩之方——由行善美故為善逝。又他已去往美好之處——不死的涅槃,由去往美好之處故也為善逝。又他已正確地去,不再返回以各各道所斷的諸煩惱。因為這已被說過:「凡以須陀洹道所斷的諸煩惱,他不再回到、不再返回、不再復來於那些煩惱,故為『善逝』……乃至……凡以阿羅漢道所斷的諸煩惱,他不再回到、不再返回、不再復來於那些煩惱,故為『善逝』。」或者,他從燃燈[佛](Dīpaṅkara)足下起直到菩提座,以圓滿三十波羅蜜的正行道,唯作一切世間的利益與安樂,不趣近常、斷、欲樂、自我折磨這些邊而去——由正確地去故也為善逝。又他正確地說,[即]在適當之處只說適當之語——由正確地說故也為善逝。此中,這是佐證之經:「如來知道那是不真實、不如實、無義利的語,且那對他人是不可愛、不可意的,如來不說那語。如來知道那雖是真實、如實,卻是無義利的語,且那對他人是不可愛、不可意的,如來也不說那語。而如來知道那是真實、如實、有義利的語,且那對他人是不可愛、不可意的,對此如來是知時的,以說那語。如來知道那是不真實、不如實、無義利的語,且那對他人是可愛、可意的,如來不說那語。如來知道那雖是真實、如實,卻是無義利的語,且那對他人是可愛、可意的,如來也不說那語。而如來知道那是真實、如實、有義利的語,且那對他人是可愛、可意的,對此如來是知時的,以說那語。」(《中部》2.86)如是應知由正確地說故也為善逝。

134. Sobhanagamanattā, sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattā, sammā gatattā, sammā ca gadattā sugato. Gamanampi hi gatanti vuccati. Tañca bhagavato sobhanaṃ parisuddhamanavajjaṃ. Kiṃ pana tanti? Ariyamaggo. Tena hesa gamanena khemaṃ disaṃ asajjamāno gatoti sobhanagamanattā sugato. Sundarañcesa ṭhānaṃ gato amataṃ nibbānanti sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattāpi sugato. Sammā ca gato tena tena maggena pahīne kilese puna apaccāgacchanto. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato…pe… arahattamaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato’’ti, sammā vā gato dīpaṅkarapādamūlato pabhuti yāva bodhimaṇḍā tāva samatiṃsapāramīpūrikāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbalokassa hitasukhameva karonto sassataṃ, ucchedaṃ, kāmasukhaṃ, attakilamathanti ime ca ante anupagacchanto gatoti sammā gatattāpi sugato. Sammā cesa gadati yuttaṭṭhāne yuttameva vācaṃ bhāsatīti sammā gadattāpi sugato. Tatridaṃ sādhakasuttaṃ ‘‘yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca kho tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāya. Yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca kho tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasañhitaṃ, sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti (ma. ni. 2.86). Evaṃ sammā gadattāpi sugatoti veditabbo.
135已對照

一百三十五、又由以一切方式已知世間,故為世間解。因為那位世尊依自性、依集、依滅、依滅之方便,以一切方式知、了知、通達了世間。即如所說:「賢友,在那不生、不老、不死、不消逝、不再生之處,我不說那世間之邊可由行走而知、而見、而到達;賢友,我也不說未到達世間之邊而有苦的終結。賢友,而我正是在這一尋之量的、有想有意的身軀中,施設世間,也施設世間之集,也施設世間之滅,也施設導至世間之滅之道。

世間之邊無論何時,都不能由行走到達;

而未到達世間之邊,便沒有從苦的解脫。

因此確實,那世間解、善慧者,

到達世間之邊、梵行已立者;

了知世間之邊的寂止者,

不盼望此世間與他世。」(《相應部》1.107;《增支部》4.45)

135. Sabbathāpi viditalokattā pana lokavidū. So hi bhagavā sabhāvato samudayato nirodhato nirodhūpāyatoti sabbathā lokaṃ avedi aññāsi paṭivijjhi. Yathāha – ‘‘yattha kho, āvuso, na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati, nāhaṃ taṃ gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ daṭṭheyyaṃ patteyyanti vadāmi, na cāhaṃ, āvuso, apatvāva lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmi. Api cāhaṃ, āvuso, imasmiññeva byāmamatte kaḷevare sasaññimhi samanake lokañca paññapemi lokasamudayañca lokanirodhañca lokanirodhagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ.
Gamanena na pattabbo, lokassanto kudācanaṃ;
Na ca apatvā lokantaṃ, dukkhā atthi pamocanaṃ.
Tasmā have lokavidū sumedho,
Lokantagū vūsitabrahmacariyo;
Lokassa antaṃ samitāvi ñatvā,
Nāsīsati lokamimaṃ parañcāti. (saṃ. ni. 1.107; a. ni. 4.45);
136已對照

一百三十六、此外,有三種世間:行世間、眾生世間、空間世間。此中,在「一種世間——一切眾生依食而住」(《無礙解道》1.112)出現之處,應知是行世間。在「世間是常」或「世間是無常」(《長部》1.421)出現之處,是眾生世間。

136. Apica tayo lokā saṅkhāraloko sattaloko okāsalokoti. Tattha eko loko sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikāti (paṭi. ma. 1.112) āgataṭṭhāne saṅkhāraloko veditabbo. Sassato lokoti vā asassato lokoti vāti (dī. ni. 1.421) āgataṭṭhāne sattaloko.
已對照

「日月運行所及之處,諸方光耀而照明,

Yāvatā candimasūriyā pariharanti, disā bhanti virocamānā;
已對照

那樣大[的範圍]便有千個世界,你的權勢正通行於此中。」(《中部》1.503)——

Tāva sahassadhā loko, ettha te vattatī vasoti. (ma. ni. 1.503) –
緬 1.199已對照

[在這樣]出現之處,是空間世間。那[三種世間]世尊也以一切方式知了。因為如是:「一種世間——一切眾生依食而住。二種世間——名與色。三種世間——三受。四種世間——四食。五種世間——五取蘊。六種世間——六內處。七種世間——七識住。八種世間——八世間法。九種世間——九眾生居。十種世間——十處。十二種世間——十二處。十八種世間——十八界。」(《無礙解道》1.112)——這行世間也已被他以一切方式知了。

Āgataṭṭhāne okāsaloko. Tampi bhagavā sabbathā avedi. Tathā hissa ‘‘eko loko sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Dve lokā nāmañca rūpañca. Tayo lokā tisso vedanā. Cattāro lokā cattāro āhārā. Pañca lokā pañcupādānakkhandhā. Cha lokā cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni. Satta lokā satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo. Aṭṭha lokā aṭṭha lokadhammā. Nava lokā nava sattāvāsā. Dasa lokā dasāyatanāni. Dvādasa lokā dvādasāyatanāni. Aṭṭhārasa lokā aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.112) ayaṃ saṅkhāralokopi sabbathā vidito.
已對照

又由於他知道一切眾生的意樂,知道隨眠,知道性行,知道勝解,知道少塵垢者、多塵垢者,利根者、鈍根者,善行相者、惡行相者,易教者、難教者,堪能者、不堪能者,因此,眾生世間也已被他以一切方式知了。

Yasmā panesa sabbesampi sattānaṃ āsayaṃ jānāti, anusayaṃ jānāti, caritaṃ jānāti, adhimuttiṃ jānāti, apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe, tikkhindriye mudindriye, svākāre dvākāre, suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, bhabbe abhabbe satte jānāti. Tasmāssa sattalokopi sabbathā vidito.
137緬 1.200已對照

一百三十七、正如眾生世間,空間世間也是如此。因為如是,這一輪圍界(cakkavāḷa)長與寬為一百二十萬三千四百五十由旬。而其周圍——

整個周圓為三百六十萬,

又一萬零三百五十[由旬]。

此中——

二十萬又四萬[由旬],

這大地的厚度被說為這麼多。

承載它的——

四十萬又八萬[由旬],

住立於風上的水,厚度這麼多。

承載那[水]的——

九十萬[由旬]的風,向空中升起,

又六萬[由旬]——這是世間的安立。

如是安立時,此中[以]由旬[計]——

八萬四千[由旬],深入於大海中;

也同樣高聳,[那是]最上之山須彌。

從那[須彌]起,依次以各減半之量,

深入[大海]又高聳,神妙而以種種寶為飾——

持雙山(Yugandhara)、伊沙陀羅山(Īsadhara)、迦羅毗迦山(Karavīka)、善見山(Sudassana),

尼民陀羅山(Nemindhara)、毘那多迦山(Vinataka),以及巍峨的馬耳山(Assakaṇṇa)。

這七座大山,環繞在須彌山四周,

是諸大王的居處,為天與夜叉所常往。

雪山(Himavā)高五百由旬,

長與寬三千由旬,

以八萬四千峰為莊嚴。

那稱為「樹」者,樹幹周圍十五由旬,

樹幹[高]與四周枝長五十由旬,

廣一百由旬,高也那麼多——

[那就是]閻浮樹,以它的威勢,閻浮提得以顯名。

而這閻浮[樹]的量,也就是阿修羅們的雜色波吒梨樹(citrapāṭali)、金翅鳥們的木棉樹(simbalirukkha)、瞿耶尼洲(Aparagoyāna)的迦曇婆樹(kadamba)、北俱盧洲(Uttarakuru)的如意樹(kapparukkha)、東勝身洲(Pubbavideha)的西利薩樹(sirīsa)、三十三天(Tāvatiṃsa)的晝度樹(pāricchattaka)的[量]。因此古師們說——

「波吒梨、木棉、閻浮,諸天的晝度樹,

迦曇婆與如意樹,西利薩是第七。」

「八萬二千[由旬],深入於大海中;

輪圍山也同樣高聳,

環繞那世界所成的一切而住立。」

此中,月輪四十九由旬,日輪五十由旬。三十三天宮一萬由旬;阿修羅宮、無間大地獄(avīcimahāniraya)與閻浮提也是如此。瞿耶尼洲七千由旬,東勝身洲也是如此。北俱盧洲八千由旬。而此中每一大洲各以五百小洲為眷屬。這一切合為一輪圍界、一世界。在它們之間有世界間地獄(lokantarikaniraya)。

如是,無邊的輪圍界、無邊的世界,世尊以無邊的佛智知、了知、通達了。如是,空間世間也已被他以一切方式知了。如是也由以一切方式已知世間,故為世間解。

137. Yathā ca sattaloko, evaṃ okāsalokopi. Tathā hesa ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ āyāmato ca vitthārato ca yojanānaṃ dvādasasatasahassāni catutiṃsasatāni ca paññāsañca yojanāni. Parikkhepato pana –
Sabbaṃ satasahassāni, chattiṃsaparimaṇḍalaṃ;
Dasa ceva sahassāni, aḍḍhuḍḍhāni satāni ca.
Tattha –
Duve satasahassāni, cattāri nahutāni ca;
Ettakaṃ bahalattena, saṅkhātāyaṃ vasundharā.
Tassāyeva sandhārakaṃ –
Cattāri satasahassāni, aṭṭheva nahutāni ca;
Ettakaṃ bahalattena, jalaṃ vāte patiṭṭhitaṃ.
Tassāpi sandhārako –
Nava satasahassāni, māluto nabhamuggato;
Saṭṭhiñceva sahassāni, esā lokassa saṇṭhiti.
Evaṃ saṇṭhite cettha yojanānaṃ –
Caturāsīti sahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave;
Accuggato tāvadeva, sineru pabbatuttamo.
Tato upaḍḍhupaḍḍhena, pamāṇena yathākkamaṃ;
Ajjhogāḷhuggatā dibbā, nānāratanacittitā.
Yugandharo īsadharo, karavīko sudassano;
Nemindharo vinatako, assakaṇṇo giri brahā.
Ete satta mahāselā, sinerussa samantato;
Mahārājānamāvāsā, devayakkhanisevitā.
Yojanānaṃ satānucco, himavā pañca pabbato;
Yojanānaṃ sahassāni, tīṇi āyatavitthato.
Caturāsītisahassehi, kūṭehi paṭimaṇḍito;
Tipañcayojanakkhandha-parikkhepā nagavhayā.
Paññāsayojanakkhandha-sākhāyāmā samantato;
Satayojanavitthiṇṇā, tāvadeva ca uggatā;
Jambū yassānubhāvena, jambudīpo pakāsito.
Yañcetaṃ jambuyā pamāṇaṃ, etadeva asurānaṃ citrapāṭaliyā, garuḷānaṃ simbalirukkhassa, aparagoyāne kadambassa, uttarakurūsu kapparukkhassa, pubbavidehe sirīsassa, tāvatiṃsesu pāricchattakassāti. Tenāhu porāṇā –
‘‘Pāṭalī simbalī jambū, devānaṃ pāricchattako;
Kadambo kapparukkho ca, sirīsena bhavati sattamanti.
‘‘Dveasīti sahassāni, ajjhogāḷho mahaṇṇave;
Accuggato tāvadeva, cakkavāḷasiluccayo;
Parikkhipitvā taṃ sabbaṃ, lokadhātumayaṃ ṭhito’’ti.
Tattha candamaṇḍalaṃ ekūnapaññāsayojanaṃ. Sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ paññāsayojanaṃ. Tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ dasasahassayojanaṃ. Tathā asurabhavanaṃ avīcimahānirayo jambudīpo ca. Aparagoyānaṃ sattasahassayojanaṃ. Tathā pubbavidehaṃ. Uttarakuru aṭṭhasahassayojanaṃ. Ekameko cettha mahādīpo pañcasatapañcasataparittadīpaparivāro. Taṃ sabbampi ekaṃ cakkavāḷaṃ ekā lokadhātu. Tadantaresu lokantarikanirayā.
Evaṃ anantāni cakkavāḷāni anantā lokadhātuyo bhagavā anantena buddhañāṇena avedi aññāsi paṭivijjhi. Evamassa okāsalokopi sabbathā vidito. Evampi sabbathā viditalokattā lokavidū.
138已對照

一百三十八、又由於沒有任何以諸德比自己更殊勝者,沒有比他更上者,故為無上者。因為如是,他以戒德勝過整個世間,也以定、慧、解脫、解脫知見之德[勝過]。以戒德也是無等、無等等、無比、無對、無對手之人……乃至……以解脫知見之德也[是]。即如所說:「我不見在有諸天、有魔……乃至……有諸天與人的人眾中,有比我自己更具足戒者」——詳說[如經]。如是,應詳說《最上淨信經》(Aggappasādasutta)等(《增支部》4.34;《如是語》90),以及「我無有師」等偈(《中部》1.285;《大品》11)。

138. Attanā pana guṇehi visiṭṭhatarassa kassaci abhāvato natthi etassa uttaroti anuttaro. Tathā hesa sīlaguṇenāpi sabbaṃ lokamabhibhavati, samādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇadassanaguṇenāpi. Sīlaguṇenāpi asamo asamasamo appaṭimo appaṭibhāgo appaṭipuggalo…pe… vimuttiñāṇadassanaguṇenāpi. Yathāha – ‘‘na kho panāhaṃ samanupassāmi sadevake loke samārake…pe… sadevamanussāya pajāya attanā sīlasampannatara’’nti vitthāro. Evaṃ aggapasādasuttādīni (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) ‘‘na me ācariyo atthī’’tiādikā (ma. ni. 1.285; mahāva. 11) gāthāyo ca vitthāretabbā.
139緬 1.202已對照

一百三十九、駕御(sāreti)應調御的丈夫,故為調御丈夫(purisadammasārathi);所說的意思是:調伏、調教。此中,「應調御的丈夫(purisadammā)」者:即未調伏而堪受調伏的畜生之丈夫、人之丈夫、非人之丈夫。因為如是,畜生之丈夫——阿波羅羅龍王(Apalāla)、小腹[龍王](Cūḷodara)、大腹[龍王](Mahodara)、火頂[龍王](Aggisikha)、煙頂[龍王](Dhūmasikha)、阿羅婆羅龍王(Aravāḷa)、護財象(Dhanapālaka)等——被世尊調伏,令[他們]無毒,安立於諸皈依與諸戒;人之丈夫——尼乾子薩遮迦(Saccaka Nigaṇṭhaputta)、阿摩晝青年(Ambaṭṭha māṇava)、沸伽羅娑羅(Pokkharasāti)、種德(Soṇadanta)、究羅檀頭(Kūṭadanta)等,非人之丈夫——阿羅婆迦夜叉(Āḷavaka)、針毛夜叉(Sūciloma)、粗毛夜叉(Kharaloma)、天王帝釋等,也以種種調教的方便被調伏、被調教了。「計屍(Kesi),我以柔和調教應調御的丈夫,也以粗暴調教,也以柔和與粗暴調教」(《增支部》4.11)——此處應詳說這部經。

又,世尊對戒清淨等[人]說初禪等,對須陀洹等[人說]更上的道之行道,[如是]對已調伏者也仍在調伏。

或者,「無上調御丈夫(anuttaro purisadammasārathi)」——這是一個義句。因為世尊如是駕御應調御的丈夫,使他們僅以一次結跏趺而坐,便無所滯礙地奔馳於八方。因此稱為「無上調御丈夫」。「諸比丘,被調象師駕御的應調之象,只奔馳於一方」——此處應詳說這部經(《中部》3.312)。

139. Purisadamme sāretīti purisadammasārathi. Dameti vinetīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha purisadammāti adantā dametuṃ yuttā tiracchānapurisāpi manussapurisāpi amanussapurisāpi. Tathā hi bhagavatā tiracchānapurisāpi apalālo nāgarājā, cūḷodaro, mahodaro, aggisikho, dhūmasikho, aravāḷo nāgarājā, dhanapālako hatthīti evamādayo damitā nibbisā katā saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpitā, manussapurisāpi saccakanigaṇṭhaputtaambaṭṭhamāṇavapokkharasāti soṇadantakūṭadantādayo, amanussapurisāpi āḷavakasūcilomakharalomayakkhasakkadevarājādayo damitā vinītā vicitrehi vinayanūpāyehi. ‘‘Ahaṃ kho, kesi, purisadamme saṇhenapi vinemi, pharusenapi vinemi, saṇhapharusenapi vinemī’’ti (a. ni. 4.11) idañcettha suttaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.
Apica bhagavā visuddhasīlādīnaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīni sotāpannādīnañca uttari maggapaṭipadaṃ ācikkhanto dantepi dametiyeva.
Atha vā anuttaro purisadammasārathīti ekamevidaṃ atthapadaṃ. Bhagavā hi tathā purisadamme sāreti, yathā ekapallaṅkeneva nisinnā aṭṭha disā asajjamānā dhāvanti. Tasmā anuttaro purisadammasārathīti vuccati. ‘‘Hatthidamakena, bhikkhave, hatthidammo sārito ekaṃyeva disaṃ dhāvatī’’ti idañcettha suttaṃ (ma. ni. 3.312) vitthāretabbaṃ.
140已對照

一百四十、以現法的、來世的、第一義的[義利]隨其所應而教誡,故為導師(satthā)。此外,如同商旅的領隊,故為導師——世尊即是商隊主。猶如商隊主令諸商旅渡過曠野——令渡過盜賊曠野、令渡過猛獸曠野、令渡過饑饉曠野、令渡過無水曠野,令越渡、令出渡、令達彼岸,令到達安穩之地;同樣,世尊導師、商隊主令眾生渡過曠野,令渡過生之曠野——此中之義也應依這樣等等的《義釋》之法而知。「天人(devamanussānaṃ)」者:即諸天與諸人的。這是依最上的界定、依堪能之人的界定而說的。而世尊對於生於畜生者,也以給予教誡而正是導師。因為他們由於從世尊聽聞法而得親依止的具足,正以那親依止的具足,在第二或第三個自體中成為有分於道與果者。此中,蛙天子(Maṇḍūkadevaputta)等是例證。

140. Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsatīti satthā. Apica satthā viyāti satthā, bhagavā satthavāho. Yathā satthavāho satthe kantāraṃ tāreti corakantāraṃ tāreti vāḷakantāraṃ tāreti dubbhikkhakantāraṃ tāreti nirudakakantāraṃ tāreti uttāreti nittāreti patāreti khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpeti, evameva bhagavā satthā satthavāho satte kantāraṃ tāreti, jātikantāraṃ tāretītiādinā niddesanayenapettha attho veditabbo. Devamanussānanti devānañca manussānañca. Ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena, bhabbapuggalaparicchedavasena cetaṃ vuttaṃ. Bhagavā pana tiracchānagatānampi anusāsanippadānena satthāyeva. Tepi hi bhagavato dhammassavanena upanissayasampattiṃ patvā tāya eva upanissayasampattiyā dutiye vā tatiye vā attabhāve maggaphalabhāgino honti. Maṇḍūkadevaputtādayo cettha nidassanaṃ.
已對照

相傳,世尊在伽伽羅蓮池(Gaggarā pokkharaṇī)岸邊為瞻波城(Campā)的居民說法時,有一隻蛙在世尊的音聲上取了相。一個牧犢人倚著杖站立,把[杖]壓在它的頭上而站著。它當即命終,生於三十三天宮中十二由旬的金宮殿。如睡醒一般,他在那裡見到自己被天女眾圍繞,轉向[思惟]:「啊!連我也生在這裡了!我究竟作了什麼業呢?」除了在世尊音聲上取相之外,沒有見到其他任何[業]。他當即連同宮殿前來,以頭禮敬世尊雙足。世尊雖然知道,仍問[他]——

Bhagavati kira gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre campānagaravāsīnaṃ dhammaṃ desiyamāne eko maṇḍūko bhagavato sare nimittaṃ aggahesi, taṃ eko vacchapālako daṇḍaṃ olubbha tiṭṭhanto sīse sannirumbhitvā aṭṭhāsi. So tāvadeva kālaṅkatvā tāvatiṃsabhavane dvādasayojanike kanakavimāne nibbatti. Suttappabuddho viya ca tattha accharāsaṅghaparivutaṃ attānaṃ disvā ‘‘are ahampi nāma idha nibbatto, kiṃ nu kho kammamakāsi’’nti āvajjento na aññaṃ kiñci addasa aññatra bhagavato sare nimittaggāhā. So tāvadeva saha vimānena āgantvā bhagavato pāde sirasā vandi. Bhagavā jānantova pucchi –
已對照

「誰以神通、以名聲光耀,禮敬我的雙足;

‘‘Ko me vandati pādāni, iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ;
已對照

以殊勝的容色,照亮一切方?」

Abhikkantena vaṇṇena, sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā’’ti.
緬 1.203已對照

「我從前是蛙,在水中,以水為行處;

Maṇḍūkohaṃ pure āsiṃ, udake vārigocaro;
已對照

當我聽聞你的法時,牧犢人殺死了[我]。」

Tava dhammaṃ suṇantassa, avadhi vacchapālakoti.
已對照

世尊為他說法。八萬四千眾生有了法的現觀。天子也安住於須陀洹果,微笑而去。

Bhagavā tassa dhammaṃ desesi. Caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Devaputtopi sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya sitaṃ katvā pakkamīti.
141已對照

一百四十一、又由於凡所有名為所知者,他都已覺悟了一切,依解脫終[所得]的智(vimokkhantikañāṇa),故為佛陀(buddha)。或者,由於他自己覺悟了四諦,也令其他眾生覺悟,故依這樣等等的因由也為佛陀。為令了知這一義,應詳說如是轉起的全部《義釋》之法:「覺悟諸諦,故為佛陀;令人眾覺悟,故為佛陀」(《大義釋》192),或《無礙解道》之法(《無礙解道》1.162)。

141. Yaṃ pana kiñci atthi ñeyyaṃ nāma, sabbasseva buddhattā vimokkhantikaññāṇavasena buddho. Yasmā vā cattāri saccāni attanāpi bujjhi, aññepi satte bodhesi, tasmā evamādīhipi kāraṇehi buddho. Imassa ca panatthassa viññāpanatthaṃ ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho. Bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’ti evaṃ pavatto sabbopi niddesanayo (mahāni. 192) paṭisambhidānayo (paṭi. ma. 1.162) vā vitthāretabbo.
142已對照

一百四十二、又「世尊(bhagavā)」這[語],是對他——以諸德殊勝、一切眾生中最上的尊重者——的恭敬之增語。因此古師們說——

142. Bhagavāti idaṃ panassa guṇavisiṭṭhasabbasattuttamagarugāravādhivacanaṃ. Tenāhu porāṇā –
已對照

「『世尊』一語為最勝,『世尊』一語為最上;

‘‘Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ;
已對照

他是尊重者、具足恭敬,因此稱為世尊。」

Garugāravayutto so, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.
已對照

或者,名有四種:時位的(āvatthika)、標記的(liṅgika)、因由的(nemittika)、偶然生起的(adhiccasamuppanna)。「偶然生起的」,依世間言說,所說的意思是隨意的。此中,「犢、可調[牛]、負重牛」等是時位的;「持杖者、持傘者、有髻者、有手者[即象]」等是標記的;「三明者、六神通者」等是因由的;「吉祥增長、財富增長」等不顧語義而轉起的,是偶然生起的。而「世尊」這名是因由的,不是由摩訶摩耶(Mahāmāyā)、不是由淨飯大王(Suddhodana)、不是由八萬親族所作,也不是由帝釋、刪兜率陀(Santusita)等殊勝的天神所作。這也已由法將(dhammasenāpati)說過:「『世尊』這一名號不是母親所作……乃至……這是諸佛世尊在菩提樹下與一切知智的獲得同時[有]的、解脫終[所得]的、現證的施設,即『世尊』。」(《大義釋》84)

Catubbidhaṃ vā nāmaṃ āvatthikaṃ liṅgikaṃ nemittikaṃ adhiccasamuppannanti. Adhiccasamuppannaṃ nāma lokiyavohārena yadicchakanti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha vaccho dammo balībaddoti evamādi āvatthikaṃ. Daṇḍī chattī sikhī karīti evamādi liṅgikaṃ. Tevijjo chaḷabhiññoti evamādi nemittikaṃ. Sirivaḍḍhako dhanavaḍḍhakoti evamādi vacanatthaṃ anapekkhitvā pavattaṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ. Idaṃ pana bhagavāti nāmaṃ nemittikaṃ, na mahāmāyāya, na suddhodanamahārājena, na asītiyā ñātisahassehi kataṃ, na sakkasantusitādīhi devatāvisesehi. Vuttampi cetaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ‘‘bhagavāti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ…pe… vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ bhagavā’’ti (mahāni. 84).
143緬 1.204已對照

一百四十三、而這名以哪些德為因由,為顯明那些德,說了這首偈——

「有福分者、親近者、有分者、已分別者,

作了破除、是尊重者、具吉祥者;

以眾多方法善修自身者,

到達諸有之終者——他被稱為世尊。」——

此中,那各各語句的義,應依《義釋》(《大義釋》84)中所說的方法而見。

143. Yaṃguṇanemittikañcetaṃ nāmaṃ, tesaṃ guṇānaṃ pakāsanatthaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ vadanti –
‘‘Bhagī bhajī bhāgi vibhattavā iti,
Akāsi bhagganti garūti bhāgyavā;
Bahūhi ñāyehi subhāvitattano,
Bhavantago so bhagavāti vuccatī’’ti. –
Niddese (mahāni. 84) vuttanayeneva cettha tesaṃ tesaṃ padānaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo.
144緬 1.205已對照

一百四十四、而這是另一理趣。

具吉祥者、已破者、與諸福分相應者,以及已分別者;

已親近者、於諸有中已吐棄趣行者——因此[他]是世尊。

此中,應知:取「增字、換字」等語源之相,或依文法之理取「歸入 pisodara 等[詞]」之相,由於他有能生世間與出世間之樂的、已到達究竟的布施、戒等吉祥(bhāgya),因此本應說「具吉祥者(bhāgyavā)」,而稱為「世尊(bhagavā)」。

又由於他破除了無慚、無愧、忿、恨、覆蔑、攀齊、嫉、慳、誑、諂、頑固、激憤、慢、過慢、憍、放逸、渴愛、無明,三種不善根、惡行、雜染、垢、不平、想、尋、妄衍,四種顛倒、漏、系、暴流、軛、不應行處、渴愛之生起、取,五種心荒蕪、心縛、蓋、歡喜,六種諍根、愛身,七隨眠,八邪性,九種以渴愛為根的[法],十不善業道,六十二見執,一百零八渴愛行等諸類別——造成一切焦慮與熱惱的數十萬煩惱;或者,簡略而言,破除了五魔:煩惱魔、蘊魔、行魔、天子魔、死魔。因此,由於已破這些危難,本應說「已破者(bhaggavā)」,而稱為「世尊」。在此也說——

「已破貪,已破瞋,已破痴,無漏者;

他的諸惡法已破,因此稱為世尊。」

又由「具吉祥」顯示了他持百福相的色身之具足;由「已破過失」[顯示了]法身之具足。同樣,[也顯示了]為世俗者與審察者所尊重,為在家者與出家者所親近,有能力為親近他的那些人除去身與心的苦,以財施與法施作饒益,以及能以世間與出世間的樂與[他們]相連結。

又由於世間上「bhaga」一語用於自在、法、名譽、榮美、所欲、勤勉六法;而他有對自心的最上自在,或世間所認可的、一切方面圓滿的微細、輕舉等[自在];同樣[有]出世間之法;[有]遍及三界、由如實之德而得的、極為遍淨的名譽;[有]能使專注於見[其]色身之人生起眼目之淨信的、一切方面圓滿的一切大小肢節之榮美;凡他所欲、所希求的——自利或利他——由於那各各[事]都如是成就,[有]稱為成就所欲之義的所欲;[有]作為到達為一切世間所尊重之因的、稱為正精進的勤勉——因此,也由於與這些福分(bhaga)相應,依「他有諸福分」這一義,稱為「世尊」。

又由於他以善等差別[分別了]一切法,或以蘊、處、界、諦、根、緣起等[分別了]善等法,或依逼迫、有為、熱惱、變易之義[分別了]苦聖諦,依積聚、因緣、結縛、障礙之義[分別了]集,依出離、遠離、無為、不死之義[分別了]滅,依導出、因、見、增上之義[分別了]道——已分別,所說的意思是:已分別、開顯而宣說。因此,本應說「已分別者(vibhattavā)」,而稱為「世尊」。

又由於他親近、習行、多作天住、梵住、聖住,身遠離、心遠離、依遠離(upadhiviveka),空、無願、無相解脫,以及其他世間與出世間的上人法,因此,本應說「已親近者(bhattavā)」,而稱為「世尊」。

又由於他已吐棄三有中稱為渴愛的趣行,因此,本應說「於諸有中已吐棄趣行者(bhavesu vantagamano)」,取 bhava 一語的 bha 音、gamana 一語的 ga 音、vanta 一語的 va 音並作長音,而稱為「世尊(bhagavā)」——猶如世間本應說「私處空間的花鬘(mehanassa khassa mālā)」而[稱]「腰帶(mekhalā)」。

144. Ayaṃ pana aparo nayo.
Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā;
Bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu bhagavā tatoti.
Tattha vaṇṇāgamo vaṇṇavipariyayotiādikaṃ niruttilakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā saddanayena vā pisodarādipakkhepalakkhaṇaṃ gahetvā yasmā lokiyalokuttarasukhābhinibbattakaṃ dānasīlādipārappattaṃ bhāgyamassa atthi, tasmā bhāgyavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccatīti ñātabbaṃ.
Yasmā pana ahirikānottappakodhūpanāhamakkhapaḷāsaissāmacchariyamāyāsāṭheyyathambhasārambhamānātimānamadapamādataṇhāavijjā- tividhākusalamūladuccaritasaṃkilesamalavisamasaññāvitakkapapañcacatubbidhavipariyesa- āsavaganthaoghayogaagatitaṇhuppādupādānapañcacetokhīlavinibandhanīvaraṇābhinandanā- chavivādamūlataṇhākāyasattānusayaaṭṭhamicchattanavataṇhāmūlakadasākusalakammapathadvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigata- aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritappabhedasabbadarathapariḷāhakilesasatasahassāni, saṅkhepato vā pañca kilesakhandhaabhisaṅkhāradevaputtamaccumāre abhañji. Tasmā bhaggattā etesaṃ parissayānaṃ bhaggavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati. Āha cettha –
‘‘Bhaggarāgo bhaggadoso, bhaggamoho anāsavo;
Bhaggāssa pāpakā dhammā, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.
Bhāgyavatāya cassa satapuññalakkhaṇadharassa rūpakāyasampatti dīpitā hoti. Bhaggadosatāya dhammakāyasampatti. Tathā lokiyasarikkhakānaṃ bahumatabhāvo, gahaṭṭhapabbajitehi abhigamanīyatā, abhigatānañca nesaṃ kāyacittadukkhāpanayane paṭibalabhāvo, āmisadānadhammadānehi upakāritā, lokiyalokuttarasukhehi ca saṃyojanasamatthatā dīpitā hoti.
Yasmā ca loke issariyadhammayasasirikāmapayattesu chasu dhammesu bhagasaddo pavattati, paramañcassa sakacitte issariyaṃ, aṇimālaṅghimādikaṃ vā lokiyasammataṃ sabbākāraparipūraṃ atthi. Tathā lokuttaro dhammo. Lokattayabyāpako yathābhuccaguṇādhigato ativiya parisuddho yaso. Rūpakāyadassanabyāvaṭajananayanappasādajananasamatthā sabbākāraparipūrā sabbaṅgapaccaṅgasirī. Yaṃ yaṃ etena icchitaṃ patthitaṃ attahitaṃ parahitaṃ vā, tassa tassa tatheva abhinipphannattā icchitatthanibbattisaññito kāmo. Sabbalokagarubhāvappattihetubhūto sammāvāyāmasaṅkhāto payatto ca atthi. Tasmā imehi bhagehi yuttattāpi bhagā assa santīti iminā atthena bhagavāti vuccati.
Yasmā pana kusalādīhi bhedehi sabbadhamme, khandhāyatanadhātusaccaindriyapaṭiccasamuppādādīhi vā kusalādidhamme, pīḷanasaṅkhatasantāpavipariṇāmaṭṭhena vā dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, āyūhananidānasaṃyogapalibodhaṭṭhena samudayaṃ, nissaraṇavivekāsaṅkhataamataṭṭhena nirodhaṃ, niyyānikahetudassanādhipateyyaṭṭhena maggaṃ vibhattavā, vibhajitvā vivaritvā desitavāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tasmā vibhattavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati.
Yasmā ca esa dibbabrahmaariyavihāre kāyacittaupadhiviveke suññatappaṇihitānimittavimokkhe aññe ca lokiyalokuttare uttarimanussadhamme bhaji sevi bahulaṃ akāsi, tasmā bhattavāti vattabbe bhagavāti vuccati.
Yasmā pana tīsu bhavesu taṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ gamanaṃ anena vantaṃ, tasmā bhavesu vantagamanoti vattabbe bhavasaddato bhakāraṃ gamanasaddato gakāraṃ vantasaddato vakārañca dīghaṃ katvā ādāya bhagavāti vuccati yathā loke mehanassa khassa mālāti vattabbe mekhalāti.
145緬 1.206已對照

一百四十五、當他如是隨念佛德——「以此以此之因由,那位世尊是阿羅漢……乃至……以此以此之因由,是世尊」——時,在那時,他的心不為貪所纏,不為瞋所纏,不為痴所纏;在那時,他的心緣於如來而正是正直的(《增支部》6.10)。如是,由於沒有貪等的纏縛,他鎮伏了諸蓋,由於面向業處,心已正直,便有趨向佛德的尋與伺轉起。當他隨尋、隨伺佛德時,喜生起。意中有喜者,由以喜為近因的輕安,身與心的焦慮便止息。焦慮已止息者,身的與心的樂都生起。有樂者的心以佛德為所緣而得定——如是依次第,於一剎那中諸禪支生起。然而,由於佛德的甚深,或由於專注於隨念種種德,[禪]未達安止,只成為已達近行的禪。而這[禪]由於是依隨念佛德而生起,正稱為「佛隨念」。

而致力於這佛隨唸的比丘,對導師恭敬、順從,得到信的廣大、唸的廣大、慧的廣大、福的廣大,多喜與愉悅,能堪忍怖駭,能忍受苦,獲得與導師共住之想。為佛德之隨念所居住的他的身體,也如塔殿一般值得供養。心傾向於佛地。當遇到應違犯之事時,慚與愧現起於他,如同當面見到導師一般。而若未通達更上[之法],則以善趣為歸趣。

因此,善慧者確實應當不放逸,

常於如是具大威力的佛隨念[中]。

這暫且是關於佛隨唸的詳說之門。

145. Tassevaṃ iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇena so bhagavā arahaṃ…pe… iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇena bhagavāti buddhaguṇe anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti tathāgatamārabbha (a. ni. 6.10). Iccassa evaṃ rāgādipariyuṭṭhānābhāvena vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa kammaṭṭhānābhimukhatāya ujugatacittassa buddhaguṇapoṇā vitakkavicārā pavattanti. Buddhaguṇe anuvitakkayato anuvicārayato pīti uppajjati. Pītimanassa pītipadaṭṭhānāya passaddhiyā kāyacittadarathā paṭippassambhanti. Passaddhadarathassa kāyikampi cetasikampi sukhaṃ uppajjati. Sukhino buddhaguṇārammaṇaṃ hutvā cittaṃ samādhiyatīti anukkamena ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Buddhaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ buddhaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā buddhānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana buddhānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu satthari sagāravo hoti sappatisso, saddhāvepullaṃ sativepullaṃ paññāvepullaṃ puññavepullañca adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti, bhayabheravasaho dukkhādhivāsanasamattho, satthārā saṃvāsasaññaṃ paṭilabhati. Buddhaguṇānussatiyā ajjhāvutthañcassa sarīrampi cetiyagharamiva pūjārahaṃ hoti. Buddhabhūmiyaṃ cittaṃ namati. Vītikkamitabbavatthusamāyoge cassa sammukhā satthāraṃ passato viya hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhāti. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, buddhānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ tāva buddhānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
已對照

二、法隨念論

2. Dhammānussatikathā
146已對照

一百四十六、欲修習法隨念者,也應獨處靜坐,以「法是世尊所善說的,是現見的、無時的、來見的、引導的、智者應各自證知的」(《增支部》6.10)這樣[的方式],隨念教理之法(pariyattidhamma)與九種出世間法的功德。

146. Dhammānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmenāpi rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ pariyattidhammassa ceva navavidhassa ca lokuttaradhammassa guṇā anussaritabbā.
147緬 1.207已對照

一百四十七、因為在「善說的(svākkhāto)」這一句中,教理之法也被攝入;在其餘[諸句]中,則唯是出世間法。此中,首先,教理之法是善說的,因為它是初善、中善、後善的,又因為它顯示具足義理與文句、完全圓滿、遍淨的梵行。因為世尊即使只教導一首偈,由於法的全然賢善,那[偈]也以第一句而為初善,以第二、第三句而為中善,以末句而為後善。只有一個連結的經,以因緣[分]而為初善,以結語而為後善,以其餘[部分]而為中善。有多個連結的經,以第一個連結而為初善,以最後的[連結]而為後善,以其餘諸[連結]而為中善。此外,由於有因緣、有事之生起,所以是初善;由於隨順所應教化者,由於義理不顛倒,又由於具足因與例證,所以是中善;由於令聽者生起信的獲得,又由於有結語,所以是後善。

147. Svākkhātoti imasmiṃ hi pade pariyattidhammopi saṅgahaṃ gacchati, itaresu lokuttaradhammova. Tattha pariyattidhammo tāva svākkhāto ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇattā sātthasabyañjanakevalaparipuṇṇaparisuddhabrahmacariyappakāsanattā ca. Yañhi bhagavā ekagāthampi deseti, sā samantabhaddakattā dhammassa paṭhamapādena ādikalyāṇā, dutiyatatiyapādehi majjhekalyāṇā, pacchimapādena pariyosānakalyāṇā. Ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ nidānena ādikalyāṇaṃ, nigamanena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesena majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Nānānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ paṭhamānusandhinā ādikalyāṇaṃ, pacchimena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesehi majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Apica sanidānasauppattikattā ādikalyāṇaṃ, veneyyānaṃ anurūpato atthassa aviparītatāya ca hetudāharaṇayuttato ca majjhekalyāṇaṃ, sotūnaṃ saddhāpaṭilābhajananena nigamanena ca pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ.
已對照

整個教法之法,也以作為其自身之義的戒而為初善,以止、觀、道、果而為中善,以涅槃而為後善。或者,以戒與定而為初善,以觀與道而為中善,以果與涅槃而為後善。或者,以佛的善覺悟性而為初善,以法的善法性而為中善,以僧的善行道而為後善。或者,以聽了它之後為如是之義而行道者所應證得的正等覺而為初善,以獨覺菩提而為中善,以聲聞菩提而為後善。

Sakalopi sāsanadhammo attano atthabhūtena sīlena ādikalyāṇo, samathavipassanāmaggaphalehi majjhekalyāṇo, nibbānena pariyosānakalyāṇo. Sīlasamādhīhi vā ādikalyāṇo, vipassanāmaggehi majjhekalyāṇo, phalanibbānehi pariyosānakalyāṇo. Buddhasubodhitāya vā ādikalyāṇo, dhammasudhammatāya majjhekalyāṇo, saṅghasuppaṭippattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Taṃ sutvā tathatthāya paṭipannena adhigantabbāya abhisambodhiyā vā ādikalyāṇo, paccekabodhiyā majjhekalyāṇo, sāvakabodhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo.
已對照

而這[法]在被聽聞時,由於鎮伏諸蓋,以聽聞也只帶來善,所以是初善;在被實行時,由於帶來止與觀之樂,以行道也帶來善,所以是中善;而如是被實行之後,在行道之果完成時,由於帶來如如之性,以行道之果也帶來善,所以是後善——如是,由於是初善、中善、後善的,所以是善說的。

Suyyamāno cesa nīvaraṇavikkhambhanato savanenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti ādikalyāṇo, paṭipajjiyamāno samathavipassanāsukhāvahanato paṭipattiyāpi kalyāṇaṃ āvahatīti majjhekalyāṇo, tathāpaṭipanno ca paṭipattiphale niṭṭhite tādibhāvāvahanato paṭipattiphalenapi kalyāṇaṃ āvahatīti pariyosānakalyāṇoti evaṃ ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇattā svākkhāto.
緬 1.208已對照

而這位世尊教導法時,所顯示、以種種方法所顯明的教法梵行與道梵行,那[梵行]隨其所應,由於義理成就而具足義理,由於文句成就而具足文句。由於具備宣示、顯示、開示、分別、顯明、施設這些義句,所以具足義理;由於字、句、文、行相、語法、指示的成就,所以具足文句。由於義甚深與通達甚深,所以具足義理;由於法甚深與教說甚深,所以具足文句。由於是義無礙解與辯無礙解的境界,所以具足義理;由於是法無礙解與詞無礙解的境界,所以具足文句。由於是賢智者所應了知的,令審察之人生起淨信,所以具足義理;由於是可信的,令世間之人生起淨信,所以具足文句。由於意趣甚深,所以具足義理;由於文句淺顯,所以具足文句。由於沒有應再添入的,以全部圓滿之性,所以是完全圓滿的。由於沒有應除去的,以無過失之性,所以是遍淨的。

Yaṃ panesa bhagavā dhammaṃ desento sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca pakāseti nānānayehi dīpeti, taṃ yathānurūpaṃ atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ, byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattiatthapadasamāyogato sātthaṃ, akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Atthagambhīratāpaṭivedhagambhīratāhi sātthaṃ, dhammagambhīratādesanāgambhīratāhi sabyañjanaṃ. Atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāvisayato sātthaṃ, dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāvisayato sabyañjanaṃ. Paṇḍitavedanīyato parikkhakajanappasādakanti sātthaṃ, saddheyyato lokiyajanappasādakanti sabyañjanaṃ. Gambhīrādhippāyato sātthaṃ, uttānapadato sabyañjanaṃ. Upanetabbassa abhāvato sakalaparipuṇṇabhāvena kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ. Apanetabbassa abhāvato niddosabhāvena parisuddhaṃ.
已對照

此外,由於以行道而有證得上的精通,所以具足義理;由於以教理而有聖典上的精通,所以具足文句;由於與戒等五法蘊相應,所以是完全圓滿的;由於無隨煩惱,由於為度脫而轉起,又由於不顧世間財利,所以是遍淨的——如是,由於顯示具足義理與文句、完全圓滿、遍淨的梵行,所以是善說的。

Apica paṭipattiyā adhigamabyattito sātthaṃ, pariyattiyā āgamabyattito sabyañjanaṃ, sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhayuttato kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ, nirupakkilesato nittaraṇatthāya pavattito lokāmisanirapekkhato ca parisuddhanti evaṃ sātthasabyañjanakevalaparipuṇṇaparisuddhabrahmacariyappakāsanato svākkhāto.
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或者,由於義理沒有顛倒,是善加宣說的,故為「善說的」。因為猶如其他外道之法的義理陷於顛倒——由於被說為「障礙的」諸法並無障礙性,被說為「能導向出離的」諸法並無導向出離性;因此,他們的法正是惡說之法——世尊之法的義理卻不如此陷於顛倒。因為如是所說的諸法——「這些法是障礙的,這些法是能導向出離的」——不逾越其如是之性。如是,首先,教理之法是善說的。

Atthavipallāsābhāvato vā suṭṭhu akkhātoti svākkhāto. Yathā hi aññatitthiyānaṃ dhammassa attho vipallāsamāpajjati, antarāyikāti vuttadhammānaṃ antarāyikattābhāvato, niyyānikāti vuttadhammānaṃ niyyānikattābhāvato. Tena te durakkhātadhammāyeva honti, na tathā bhagavato dhammassa attho vipallāsamāpajjati. Ime dhammā antarāyikā, ime dhammā niyyānikāti evaṃ vuttadhammānaṃ tathābhāvānatikkamanatoti. Evaṃ tāva pariyattidhammo svākkhāto.
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而出世間法,由於宣說了隨順涅槃的行道(paṭipatti)與隨順行道(paṭipadā)的涅槃,所以是善說的。即如所說——「而那位世尊為弟子們善施設了導向涅槃之道,涅槃與道相合。譬如恆河(Gaṅgā)水與耶牟那(Yamunā)河水相合、相會;同樣地,那位世尊為弟子們善施設的導向涅槃之道,涅槃與道也相合。」(《長部》2.296)此中,聖道不趨近二邊,正是中道,而被宣說為「中道」,所以是善說的。諸沙門果正是煩惱已止息的,而被宣說為「煩惱已止息的」,所以是善說的。涅槃正是以常、不死、救護、避難處等為自性的,而依常等自性被宣說,所以是善說的——如是,出世間法也是善說的。

Lokuttaradhammo pana nibbānānurūpāya paṭipattiyā paṭipadānurūpassa ca nibbānassa akkhātattā svākkhāto. Yathāha – ‘‘supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Seyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṃ yamunodakena saṃsandati sameti, evameva supaññattā (dī. ni. 2.296) tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā cā’’ti. Ariyamaggo cettha antadvayaṃ anupagamma majjhimā paṭipadābhūtova ‘‘majjhimā paṭipadā’’ti akkhātattā svākkhāto. Sāmaññaphalāni paṭipassaddhakilesāneva ‘‘paṭipassaddhakilesānī’’ti akkhātattā svākkhātāni. Nibbānaṃ sassatāmatatāṇaleṇādisabhāvameva sassatādisabhāvavasena akkhātattā svākkhātanti evaṃ lokuttaradhammopi svākkhāto.
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一百四十八、而在「現見的(sandiṭṭhiko)」這裡,首先,聖道是在自己的相續中令貪等不存在的聖者所應親自見的,故為「現見的」。即如所說——「婆羅門,貪染者被貪所征服、心被遍盡,既思於自身的損害,也思於他人的損害,也思於兩者的損害;感受心的苦、憂。貪已斷時,他既不思於自身的損害,也不思於他人的損害,也不思於兩者的損害,也不感受心的苦、憂。婆羅門,如是,法也是現見的。」(《增支部》3.54)此外,九種出世間法,無論由誰證得,那人都捨棄了[只能]憑他人之信而趣向[的狀態],以省察智親自所應見,故為「現見的」。或者,受讚歎的見是「善見(sandiṭṭhi)」;以善見而勝,故為「現見的」。因為此中,聖道以相應的善見、聖果以作為[其]原因的善見、涅槃以取它為境界的善見,勝伏諸煩惱。因此,猶如以車而勝,故為「車戰者(rathiko)」;同樣,九種出世間法也以善見而勝,故為「現見的」。

148. Sandiṭṭhikoti ettha pana ariyamaggo tāva attano santāne rāgādīnaṃ abhāvaṃ karontena ariyapuggalena sāmaṃ daṭṭhabboti sandiṭṭhiko. Yathāha –‘‘ratto kho, brāhmaṇa, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādiṇṇacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. Cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Rāge pahīne neva attabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Evampi kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hotī’’ti(a. ni. 3.54). Apica navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo yena yena adhigato hoti, tena tena parasaddhāya gantabbataṃ hitvā paccavekkhaṇañāṇena sayaṃ daṭṭhabboti sandiṭṭhiko. Atha vā pasatthā diṭṭhi sandiṭṭhi, sandiṭṭhiyā jayatīti sandiṭṭhiko. Tathā hettha ariyamaggo sampayuttāya, ariyaphalaṃ kāraṇabhūtāya, nibbānaṃ visayibhūtāya sandiṭṭhiyā kilese jayati. Tasmā yathā rathena jayatīti rathiko, evaṃ navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo sandiṭṭhiyā jayatīti sandiṭṭhiko.
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或者,「所見(diṭṭha)」稱為見(dassana)。所見即是「現見(sandiṭṭha)」,即見,此是其義。值得現見,故為「現見的」。因為出世間法正是依修習現觀與作證現觀而被見時,才遮止輪轉的怖畏。因此,猶如值得[穿]衣,故為「衣者(vatthiko)」;同樣,值得現見,故為「現見的」。

Atha vā diṭṭhanti dassanaṃ vuccati. Diṭṭhameva sandiṭṭhaṃ, dassananti attho. Sandiṭṭhaṃ arahatīti sandiṭṭhiko. Lokuttaradhammo hi bhāvanābhisamayavasena sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena ca dissamānoyeva vaṭṭabhayaṃ nivatteti. Tasmā yathā vatthaṃ arahatīti vatthiko, evaṃ sandiṭṭhaṃ arahatīti sandiṭṭhiko.
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一百四十九、就給予自己的果而言,它沒有[須等待的]時間,故為「無時(akāla)」;無時即是「無時的(akāliko)」。是所說的意思:它不是經過五天、七天等類的時間之後才給予果,而是在自己轉起之後緊接著就給予果。或者,在給予自己的果上,它有久遠的時間要到來,故為「有時的(kāliko)」。那是什麼呢?是世間的善法。而這[法]由於果緊接[而至],不是有時的,故為「無時的」。這是專就道而說的。

149. Attano phaladānaṃ sandhāya nāssa kāloti akālo. Akāloyeva akāliko. Na pañcāhasattāhādibhedaṃ kālaṃ khepetvā phalaṃ deti, attano pana pavattisamanantarameva phaladoti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā attano phaladāne pakaṭṭho kālo patto assāti kāliko. Ko so? Lokiyo kusaladhammo. Ayaṃ pana samanantaraphalattā na kālikoti akāliko. Idaṃ maggameva sandhāya vuttaṃ.
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一百五十、值得如是轉起的「來看這法吧」之請,故為「來見的(ehipassiko)」。那麼,為什麼它值得那請呢?由於存在,又由於遍淨。因為對著空拳,即使說了「有金錢或黃金」,也不能說「來看這個吧」。為什麼呢?由於不存在。而糞或尿,即使存在,也不能為了顯示其可意之性、令心歡喜而說「來看這個吧」;反而正是應當用草或葉子遮蓋起來的。為什麼呢?由於不遍淨。而這九種出世間法,依自性就是存在的,又猶如無雲的空中圓滿的月輪,猶如置於黃褐毛毯上的真生摩尼,是遍淨的。因此,由於存在、又由於遍淨,值得「來看」之請,故為「來見的」。

150. ‘‘Ehi passa imaṃ dhamma’’nti evaṃ pavattaṃ ehipassavidhiṃ arahatīti ehipassiko. Kasmā panesa taṃ vidhiṃ arahatīti? Vijjamānattā parisuddhattā ca. Rittamuṭṭhiyaṃ hi hiraññaṃ vā suvaṇṇaṃ vā atthīti vatvāpi ‘‘ehi passa ima’’nti na sakkā vattuṃ. Kasmā? Avijjamānattā. Vijjamānampi ca gūthaṃ vā muttaṃ vā manuññabhāvappakāsanena cittasampahaṃsanatthaṃ ‘‘ehi passa ima’’nti na sakkā vattuṃ. Apica kho pana tiṇehi vā paṇṇehi vā paṭicchādetabbameva hoti. Kasmā? Aparisuddhattā. Ayaṃ pana navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo sabhāvatova vijjamāno vigatavalāhake ākāse sampuṇṇacandamaṇḍalaṃ viya paṇḍukambale nikkhittajātimaṇi viya ca parisuddho. Tasmā vijjamānattā parisuddhattā ca ehipassavidhiṃ arahatīti ehipassiko.
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一百五十一、應被引近,故為「引導的(opaneyyiko)」。而此中這是抉擇:引近(upanayana)即是「引近(upanaya)」;縱使衣服或頭著了火也置之不顧,仍值得依修習而引近於自己的心中,故為「opanayika」;opanayika 即是「引導的(opaneyyiko)」。這適用於有為的出世間法。而於無為[法],則是值得以自己的心引近,故為「引導的」;值得依作證而觸及,此是其義。

151. Upanetabboti opaneyyiko. Ayaṃ panettha vinicchayo, upanayanaṃ upanayo, ādittaṃ celaṃ vā sīsaṃ vā ajjhupekkhitvāpi bhāvanāvasena attano citte upanayanaṃ arahatīti opanayiko. Opanayikova opaneyyiko. Idaṃ saṅkhate lokuttaradhamme yujjati. Asaṅkhate pana attano cittena upanayanaṃ arahatīti opaneyyiko. Sacchikiriyāvasena allīyanaṃ arahatīti attho.
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或者,引[人]趨近涅槃,故聖道為「引近者(upaneyyo)」;應被引至應作證之狀,故果與涅槃之法為「應引近者(upaneyyo)」。upaneyya 即是「引導的(opaneyyiko)」。

Atha vā nibbānaṃ upanetīti ariyamaggo upaneyyo. Sacchikātabbataṃ upanetabboti phalanibbānadhammo upaneyyo. Upaneyyo eva opaneyyiko.
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一百五十二、「智者應各自證知的(paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi)」者:即應由一切略開知者等智者,各在自身中證知:「我已修習了道,已證得了果,已作證了滅。」因為共住弟子的諸煩惱,不會因戒師所修習的道而被舍斷;他不會因那[戒師]的果等至而安樂地住;也不會作證那[戒師]所作證的涅槃。因此,是所說的意思:這[法]不應像他人頭上的裝飾品那樣去看,而應由智者唯在自己的心中去看、去體驗。而這[法]也不是愚人的境界。

152. Paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti sabbehipi ugghaṭitaññūādīhi viññūhi attani attani veditabbo ‘‘bhāvito me maggo, adhigataṃ phalaṃ, sacchikato nirodho’’ti. Na hi upajjhāyena bhāvitena maggena saddhivihārikassa kilesā pahīyanti, na so tassa phalasamāpattiyā phāsuviharati, na tena sacchikataṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikaroti. Tasmā na esa parassa sīse ābharaṇaṃ viya daṭṭhabbo, attano pana citteyeva daṭṭhabbo, anubhavitabbo viññūhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Bālānaṃ pana avisayo cesa.
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此外,這法是善說的。為什麼呢?由於是現見的。[它]是現見的,由於是無時的。[它]是無時的,由於是來見的。而凡是來見的,那就名為引導的。

Apica svākkhāto ayaṃ dhammo. Kasmā? Sandiṭṭhikattā. Sandiṭṭhiko, akālikattā. Akāliko, ehipassikattā. Yo ca ehipassiko, so nāma opaneyyiko hotīti.
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一百五十三、當他如是隨念以善說性等為區分的法的功德時,「他於那時心不為貪所纏縛,不為瞋……乃至……心不為痴所纏縛;他於那時心依法而唯是正直的」(《增支部》6.10),依前面的方法,已鎮伏諸蓋者,諸禪支於一剎那中生起。然而由於法的功德甚深,或由於傾心於隨念種種功德,不達安止,唯成為達到近行的禪。這[禪]由於是依隨念法的功德而生起的,就被稱為「法隨念」。

而勤修這法隨唸的比丘,[想:]「像這樣宣說引導之法、具足這一支的導師,我於過去世不曾見到,於今也不曾見到,唯除那位世尊」,如是正由見到法的功德,而對導師恭敬、順從。對法尊重恭敬,他得到信等的廣大,多喜與愉悅,堪忍怖畏與驚駭,能忍受苦,獲得與法共住之想;而由於隨念法的功德,他所住的身體也如塔殿一般值得供養;心傾向於證得無上之法;遇到可違犯之事時,由於隨念法的善法性,慚與愧現起。而若未能通達更上[之法],則以善趣為歸趣。

因此,善慧者確實應當作不放逸,

常於如是有大威力的法隨念[中]。

這是關於法隨唸的詳說之門。

153. Tassevaṃ svākkhātatādibhede dhammaguṇe anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti dhammaṃ ārabbhāti (a. ni. 6.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Dhammaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ dhammaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā dhammānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana dhammānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu evaṃ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāmi, na panetarahi aññatra tena bhagavatāti evaṃ dhammaguṇadassaneneva satthari sagāravo hoti sappatisso. Dhamme garucittīkāro saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti, bhayabheravasaho, dukkhādhivāsanasamattho, dhammena saṃvāsasaññaṃ paṭilabhati, dhammaguṇānussatiyā ajjhāvutthañcassa sarīrampi cetiyagharamiva pūjārahaṃ hoti, anuttaradhammādhigamāya cittaṃ namati, vītikkamitabbavatthusamāyoge cassa dhammasudhammataṃ samanussarato hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhāti. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, dhammānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ dhammānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
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三、僧隨念論

3. Saṅghānussatikathā
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一百五十四、欲修習僧隨念者,也應獨處靜坐,以「世尊的弟子僧是善行道者,世尊的弟子僧是正直行道者,世尊的弟子僧是如理行道者,世尊的弟子僧是正當行道者,也就是四雙八輩之人——這就是世尊的弟子僧,應供養、應款待、應奉施、應合掌,是世間無上的福田」(《增支部》6.10)這樣[的方式],隨念聖僧的功德。

154. Saṅghānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmenāpi rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo, pāhuneyyo, dakkhiṇeyyo, añjalikaraṇīyo, anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ ariyasaṅghaguṇā anussaritabbā.
155已對照

一百五十五、此中,「善行道者(suppaṭipanno)」者:即善好地行道者;是所說的意思:行於正行道、不退轉的行道、隨順的行道、無敵對的行道、法隨法的行道者。恭敬地聽聞世尊的教誡與教導,故為「弟子(sāvakā)」。弟子們的僧團為「弟子僧」,即由於戒與見的共同而達到聚合之狀的弟子之群,此是其義。又因為那正行道是正直的、不彎的、不曲的、不斜的,也被稱為「聖」與「正理(ñāya)」,又由於相稱而也被稱為「正當(sāmīci)」;因此,行於那[行道]的聖僧,也被說為「正直行道者」「如理行道者」「正當行道者」。

155. Tattha suppaṭipannoti suṭṭhu paṭipanno, sammāpaṭipadaṃ anivattipaṭipadaṃ anulomapaṭipadaṃ apaccanīkapaṭipadaṃ dhammānudhammapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannoti vuttaṃ hoti. Bhagavato ovādānusāsaniṃ sakkaccaṃ suṇantīti sāvakā. Sāvakānaṃ saṅgho sāvakasaṅgho, sīladiṭṭhisāmaññatāya saṅghātabhāvamāpanno sāvakasamūhoti attho. Yasmā pana sā sammāpaṭipadā uju avaṅkā akuṭilā ajimhā, ariyo ca ñāyotipi vuccati, anucchavikattā ca sāmīcītipi saṅkhaṃ gatā. Tasmā tampaṭipanno ariyasaṅgho ujuppaṭipanno ñāyappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipannotipi vutto.
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而此中,凡是住於道者,由於具足正行道,是善行道者;凡是住於果者,由於已證得應以正行道證得的,應知是就過去的行道而為善行道者。

Ettha ca ye maggaṭṭhā, te sammāpaṭipattisamaṅgitāya suppaṭipannā. Ye phalaṭṭhā, te sammāpaṭipadāya adhigantabbassa adhigatattā atītaṃ paṭipadaṃ sandhāya suppaṭipannāti veditabbā.
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此外,由於在善說的法與律中依所教導而行道,也由於行於無誤的行道,是善行道者。

Apica svākkhāte dhammavinaye yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipannattāpi apaṇṇakapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannattāpi suppaṭipanno.
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由於依中道不趨近二邊而行道,由於為舍斷身、語、意的彎、曲、斜之過失而行道,以及由於正直地行道,是正直行道者。

Majjhimāya paṭipadāya antadvayamanupagamma paṭipannattā kāyavacīmanovaṅkakuṭilajimhadosappahānāya paṭipannattā ca ujuppaṭipannattā ca ujuppaṭipanno.
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正理稱為涅槃。由於為那[涅槃]而行道,是如理行道者。

Ñāyo vuccati nibbānaṃ. Tadatthāya paṭipannattā ñāyappaṭipanno.
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如何行道者值得[受]正當之禮,由於如是行道,是正當行道者。

Yathā paṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannārahā honti, tathā paṭipannattā sāmīcippaṭipanno.
156緬 1.213已對照

一百五十六、「也就是(yadidaṃ)」者:即凡是這些。「四雙之人(cattāri purisayugāni)」者:依成雙而言,住於初道者與住於果者,這是一雙;如是有四雙之人。「八輩之人(aṭṭha purisapuggalā)」者:依人而言,一位住於初道者,一位住於果者——依這方法,恰有八輩之人。而此中,說「purisa」也好,說「puggala」也好,這些語詞是同一義的;而這是依所應教化者而說的。「這就是世尊的弟子僧(esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho)」者:凡依成雙而為這四雙之人、各別而為八輩之人者,這就是世尊的弟子僧。在「應供養(āhuneyyo)」等中:應帶來而獻供,故為「供物(āhuna)」;即使從遠處帶來,也應施給諸具戒者,此是其義。這是四資具的增語。由於令那供物成為大果,適合接受那供物,故為「應供養」。或者,即使從遠處前來,連一切財產也應在此獻供,故為「應獻供(āhavanīyo)」;或者,值得連帝釋等的獻供,故為「應獻供」。而婆羅門們有名為「應獻供」的火,他們的信條是:於其中所獻供的有大果。若由於所獻供的有大果而為「應獻供」,那麼唯有僧團才是「應獻供」,因為於僧團所獻供的才有大果。即如所說——

156. Yadidanti yāni imāni. Cattāri purisayugānīti yugaḷavasena paṭhamamaggaṭṭho phalaṭṭhoti idamekaṃ yugaḷanti evaṃ cattāri purisayugaḷāni honti. Aṭṭha purisapuggalāti purisapuggalavasena eko paṭhamamaggaṭṭho eko phalaṭṭhoti iminā nayena aṭṭheva purisapuggalā honti. Ettha ca purisoti vā puggaloti vā ekatthāni etāni padāni. Veneyyavasena panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅghoti yānimāni yugavasena cattāri purisayugāni, pāṭiekkato aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, āhuneyyotiādīsu ānetvā hunitabbanti āhunaṃ, dūratopi ānetvā sīlavantesu dātabbanti attho. Catunnaṃ paccayānametamadhivacanaṃ. Taṃ āhunaṃ paṭiggahetuṃ yutto tassa mahapphalakaraṇatoti āhuneyyo. Atha vā dūratopi āgantvā sabbasāpateyyampi ettha hunitabbanti āhavanīyo. Sakkādīnampi vā āhavanaṃ arahatīti āhavanīyo. Yo cāyaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ āhavanīyo nāma aggi, yattha hutaṃ mahapphalanti tesaṃ laddhi. Sace hutassa mahapphalatāya āhavanīyo, saṅghova āhavanīyo. Saṅghe hutañhi mahapphalaṃ hoti. Yathāha –
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「若有人一百年,在林中侍奉火;

‘‘Yo ca vassasataṃ jantu, aggiṃ paricare vane;
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而[另有人]即使只片刻,供養一位已修自[體]者;

Ekañca bhāvitattānaṃ, muhuttamapi pūjaye;
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唯這供養更勝,勝過那一百年的獻供。」(《法句》107)

Sāyeva pūjanā seyyo, yañce vassasataṃ huta’’nti. (dha. pa. 107);
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在別的部派中[所讀]的這「應獻供(āhavanīyo)」一語,就義而言與此處「應供養(āhuneyyo)」這一語是同一的;而在文句上,此中只有些微不同。如是為「應供養」。

Tadetaṃ nikāyantare āhavanīyoti padaṃ idha āhuneyyoti iminā padena atthato ekaṃ. Byañjanato panettha kiñcimattameva nānaṃ. Iti āhuneyyo.
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而在「應款待(pāhuneyyo)」這裡,「款待(pāhuna)」稱為:為了從四方四維來的、可愛可意的親族朋友,以恭敬準備的客人之施。連那[款待]也是,除去那些那樣的客人,只適合施給僧團,僧團才適合接受它。因為沒有與僧團相似的客人。因為這[僧團]是在一個佛間[時期]才得見的,而且無間雜地具足作成可愛可意之性的諸法。如是,適合施予它款待,它也適合接受款待,故為「應款待」。而對於那些聖典[讀]作「pāhavanīyo(應先獻供)」的人,由於僧團值得[受]優先的禮遇,因此應最先帶來於此獻供,故為「pāhavanīyo」;或者,以一切方式值得獻供,故為「pāhavanīyo」。而這[語]在此處正以那同一義被稱為「應款待」。

Pāhuneyyoti ettha pana pāhunaṃ vuccati disāvidisato āgatānaṃ piyamanāpānaṃ ñātimittānamatthāya sakkārena paṭiyattaṃ āgantukadānaṃ. Tampi ṭhapetvā te tathārūpe pāhunake saṅghasseva dātuṃ yuttaṃ, saṅghova taṃ paṭiggahetuṃ yutto. Saṅghasadiso hi pāhunako natthi. Tathā hesa ekabuddhantare ca dissati, abbokiṇṇañca piyamanāpattakarehi dhammehi samannāgatoti. Evaṃ pāhunamassa dātuṃ yuttaṃ pāhunañca paṭiggahetuṃ yuttoti pāhuneyyo. Yesaṃ pana pāhavanīyoti pāḷi, tesaṃ yasmā saṅgho pubbakāramarahati, tasmā sabbapaṭhamaṃ ānetvā ettha hunitabbanti pāhavanīyo. Sabbappakārena vā āhavanamarahatīti pāhavanīyo. Svāyamidha teneva atthena pāhuneyyoti vuccati.
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而「奉施(dakkhiṇā)」稱為信他世而應施的布施。配得上那奉施,或者有益於奉施,因為由於令它成為大果而令它清淨,故為「應奉施(dakkhiṇeyyo)」。

Dakkhiṇāti pana paralokaṃ saddahitvā dātabbadānaṃ vuccati. Taṃ dakkhiṇaṃ arahati, dakkhiṇāya vā hito yasmā naṃ mahapphalakaraṇatāya visodhetīti dakkhiṇeyyo.
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一切世間將兩手置於頭上而作的合掌之事,它配得上,故為「應合掌(añjalikaraṇīyo)」。

Ubho hatthe sirasmiṃ patiṭṭhapetvā sabbalokena kayiramānaṃ añjalikammaṃ arahatīti añjalikaraṇīyo.
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「世間無上的福田(anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa)」者:即對一切世間而言無與倫比的福之生長處。因為猶如國王或大臣的稻或麥生長之處被稱為「國王的稻田、國王的麥田」,同樣,僧團是一切世間諸福生長之處。因為依止僧團,世間種種導致利益安樂的諸福才生長;因此[說]僧團是「世間無上的福田」。

Anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassāti sabbalokassa asadisaṃ puññavirūhanaṭṭhānaṃ. Yathā hi rañño vā amaccassa vā sālīnaṃ vā yavānaṃ vā virūhanaṭṭhānaṃ rañño sālikkhettaṃ rañño yavakkhettanti vuccati, evaṃ saṅgho sabbalokassa puññānaṃ virūhanaṭṭhānaṃ. Saṅghaṃ nissāya hi lokassa nānappakārahitasukhasaṃvattanikāni puññāni virūhanti. Tasmā saṅgho anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassāti.
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一百五十七、當他如是隨念以善行道性等為區分的僧的功德時,「他於那時心不為貪所纏縛,不為瞋……乃至……心不為痴所纏縛;他於那時心依僧而唯是正直的」(《增支部》6.10),依前面的方法,已鎮伏諸蓋者,諸禪支於一剎那中生起。然而由於僧的功德甚深,或由於傾心於隨念種種功德,不達安止,唯成為達到近行的禪。這[禪]由於是依隨念僧的功德而生起的,就被稱為「僧隨念」。

而勤修這僧隨唸的比丘,對僧恭敬、順從。他得到信等的廣大,多喜與愉悅,堪忍怖畏與驚駭,能忍受苦,獲得與僧共住之想。而由於隨念僧的功德,他所住的身體如僧眾集會的布薩堂一般值得供養;心傾向於證得僧的功德;遇到可違犯之事時,如當面見到僧團一般,慚與愧現起;而若未能通達更上[之法],則以善趣為歸趣。

因此,善慧者確實應當作不放逸,

常於如是有大威力的僧隨念[中]。

這是關於僧隨唸的詳說之門。

157. Evaṃ suppaṭipannatādibhede saṅghaguṇe anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti saṅghaṃ ārabbhāti (a. ni. 6.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Saṅghaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ saṅghaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā saṅghānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana saṅghānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu saṅghe sagāravo hoti sappatisso. Saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti, bhayabheravasaho, dukkhādhivāsanasamattho, saṅghena saṃvāsasaññaṃ paṭilabhati. Saṅghaguṇānussatiyā ajjhāvutthañcassa sarīraṃ sannipatitasaṅghamiva uposathāgāraṃ pūjārahaṃ hoti, saṅghaguṇādhigamāya cittaṃ namati, vītikkamitabbavatthusamāyoge cassa sammukhā saṅghaṃ passato viya hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhāti, uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, saṅghānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ saṅghānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
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四、戒隨念論

4. Sīlānussatikathā
158緬 1.215已對照

一百五十八、而欲修習戒隨念者,應獨處靜坐,以「啊,我的諸戒確是無毀、無穿、無斑、無雜、自在、智者所贊、不被執取、導向定的」(《增支部》6.10)這樣[的方式],依無毀性等功德隨念自己的諸戒。而那些[戒],在家人[隨念]在家人的戒,出家人[隨念]出家人的戒。

158. Sīlānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmena pana rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘aho vata me sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikānī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ akhaṇḍatādiguṇavasena attano sīlāni anussaritabbāni. Tāni ca gahaṭṭhena gahaṭṭhasīlāni, pabbajitena pabbajitasīlāni.
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無論是在家人的戒還是出家人的戒,凡是在開頭或末尾沒有一條毀犯的,那些[戒]不像邊緣被剪斷的布那樣是毀的,故為「無毀」。凡是在中間沒有一條毀犯的,那些[戒]不像中間被穿透的布那樣是穿的,故為「無穿」。凡是沒有接連二三條毀犯的,那些[戒]不像背上或腹上生出長、圓等形狀的異色、[身]是黑、紅等某一色的母牛那樣是斑的,故為「無斑」。凡是沒有處處間雜毀犯的,那些[戒]不像有異色斑點花紋的母牛那樣是雜的,故為「無雜」。或者,不加區分地,一切[戒]由於沒有被七種淫慾結合以及忿、怨恨等諸惡法所損害,故為無毀、無穿、無斑、無雜。正是那些[戒],由於使[人]從渴愛的奴役中解脫、成就自在之性,故為「自在」。由於為佛陀等智者所稱讚,故為「智者所贊」。由於不被渴愛與見所執取,或者由於無人能以「你的諸戒中有這過失」如是加以執取,故為「不被執取」。由於導向近行定或安止定,或者也導向道定與果定,故為「導向定」。

Gahaṭṭhasīlāni vā hontu pabbajitasīlāni vā, yesaṃ ādimhi vā ante vā ekampi na bhinnaṃ, tāni pariyante chinnasāṭako viya na khaṇḍānīti akhaṇḍāni. Yesaṃ vemajjhe ekampi na bhinnaṃ, tāni majjhe vinividdhasāṭako viya na chiddānīti acchiddāni. Yesaṃ paṭipāṭiyā dve vā tīṇi vā na bhinnāni, tāni piṭṭhiyā vā kucchiyā vā uṭṭhitena dīghavaṭṭādisaṇṭhānena visabhāgavaṇṇena kāḷarattādīnaṃ aññatarasarīravaṇṇā gāvī viya na sabalānīti asabalāni. Yāni antarantarā na bhinnāni, tāni visabhāgabinduvicitrā gāvī viya na kammāsānīti akammāsāni. Avisesena vā sabbānipi sattavidhena methunasaṃyogena kodhupanāhādīhi ca pāpadhammehi anupahatattā akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni. Tāniyeva taṇhādāsabyato mocetvā bhujissabhāvakaraṇena bhujissāni. Buddhādīhi viññūhi pasatthattā viññuppasatthāni. Taṇhādiṭṭhīhi aparāmaṭṭhatāya kenaci vā ayaṃ te sīlesu dosoti evaṃ parāmaṭṭhuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya aparāmaṭṭhāni. Upacārasamādhiṃ appanāsamādhiṃ vā, atha vā pana maggasamādhiṃ phalasamādhiñcāpi saṃvattentīti samādhisaṃvattanikāni.
159緬 1.216已對照

一百五十九、當他如是依無毀性等功德隨念自己的諸戒時,「他於那時心不為貪所纏縛,不為瞋……乃至……心不為痴所纏縛;他於那時心依戒而唯是正直的」,依前面的方法,已鎮伏諸蓋者,諸禪支於一剎那中生起。然而由於戒的功德甚深,或由於傾心於隨念種種功德,不達安止,唯成為達到近行的禪。這[禪]由於是依隨念戒的功德而生起的,就被稱為「戒隨念」。

而勤修這戒隨唸的比丘,對學恭敬,行止相宜,於親厚不放逸,離自責等怖畏,於微細的罪過也見怖畏,得到信等的廣大,多喜與愉悅。而若未能通達更上[之法],則以善趣為歸趣。

因此,善慧者確實應當作不放逸,

常於如是有大威力的戒隨念[中]。

這是關於戒隨唸的詳說之門。

159. Evaṃ akhaṇḍatādiguṇavasena attano sīlāni anussarato nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti, sīlaṃ ārabbhāti purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Sīlaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ sīlaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā sīlānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana sīlānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu sikkhāya sagāravo hoti sabhāgavutti, paṭisanthāre appamatto, attānuvādādibhayavirahito, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, sīlānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ sīlānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
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五、舍隨念論

5. Cāgānussatikathā
160已對照

一百六十、而欲修習舍隨念者,應本性就傾心於舍,常行布施與分享。或者,開始修習者應受持:「從今以後,只要有受施者,我甚至連一口[飯]的布施都沒有施,就不進食。」在那天,於以功德而殊勝的諸受施者,隨己所能、隨己之力作了布施,於其中取了相之後,獨處靜坐,以「我實有利得,我實善得——我在被慳垢所纏的眾生之中,以離了慳垢的心而住,施捨無所保留、手常潔淨、樂於捨棄、堪受人乞求、樂於布施與分享」這樣[的方式],依離了慳垢之性等功德隨念自己的舍。

160. Cāgānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pakatiyā cāgādhimuttena niccappavattadānasaṃvibhāgena bhavitabbaṃ. Atha vā pana bhāvanaṃ ārabhantena ito dāni pabhuti sati paṭiggāhake antamaso ekālopamattampi dānaṃ adatvā na bhuñjissāmīti samādānaṃ katvā taṃdivasaṃ guṇavisiṭṭhesu paṭiggāhakesu yathāsatti yathābalaṃ dānaṃ datvā tattha nimittaṃ gaṇhitvā rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘lābhā vata me suladdhaṃ vata me, yohaṃ maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāya pajāya vigatamalamaccherena cetasā viharāmi muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato’’ti evaṃ vigatamalamaccheratādiguṇavasena attano cāgo anussaritabbo.
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此中,「我實有利得(lābhā vata me)」者:即對我而言實有利得——凡是世尊以「而給予了壽,他就成為天上的或人間的壽的分享者」(《增支部》5.37)、「施者為人所愛,眾人親近他」(《增支部》5.34)、「布施者為人所愛,隨行善人之法」(《增支部》5.35)等方法所稱讚的施者的這些利得,我必定有份——[此]是意趣。「我實善得(suladdhaṃ vata me)」者:即我所得的這教法或人身,那對我實在是善得。為什麼呢?[因為]「我在被慳垢所纏的眾生之中……乃至……樂於布施與分享」。

Tattha lābhā vata meti mayhaṃ vata lābhā, ye ime ‘‘āyuṃ kho pana datvā āyussa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā’’ iti (a. ni. 5.37) ca, ‘‘dadaṃ piyo hoti bhajanti naṃ bahū’’ iti (a. ni. 5.34) ca, ‘‘dadamāno piyo hoti, sataṃ dhammaṃ anukkamaṃ’’ iti (a. ni. 5.35) ca evamādīhi nayehi bhagavatā dāyakassa lābhā saṃvaṇṇitā, te mayhaṃ avassaṃ bhāginoti adhippāyo. Suladdhaṃ vata meti yaṃ mayā idaṃ sāsanaṃ manussattaṃ vā laddhaṃ, taṃ suladdhaṃ vata me. Kasmā? Yohaṃ maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāya pajāya…pe… dānasaṃvibhāgaratoti.
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此中,「被慳垢所纏的(maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāya)」者:即被慳之垢所征服的。「眾生(pajāya)」者:依「生出(pajāyana)」[之義],眾生被稱為「pajā」。因此,此中之義是:在被慳之垢——它以不能忍受自己的成就與他人共有為相,是汙損心之光明性的諸黑法之一——所征服的眾生之中。「以離了慳垢的(vigatamalamaccherena)」者:由於其他的貪、瞋等諸垢以及慳都已離去,故為「以離了慳垢的」。「心而住(cetasā viharāmi)」者:即成為具有前面所說那種心者而住,此是其義。然而在諸經中,由於是對身為須陀洹的釋迦人摩訶男(Mahānāma Sakka)詢問依止之住,依依止之住而教導的,所以說了「我居家」。此中,即「我勝伏而住」,此是其義。

Tattha maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitāyāti maccheramalena abhibhūtāya. Pajāyāti pajāyanavasena sattā vuccanti. Tasmā attano sampattīnaṃ parasādhāraṇabhāvamasahanalakkhaṇena cittassa pabhassarabhāvadūsakānaṃ kaṇhadhammānaṃ aññatarena maccheramalena abhibhūtesu sattesūti ayamettha attho. Vigatamalamaccherenāti aññesampi rāgadosādimalānañceva maccherassa ca vigatattā vigatamalamaccherena. Cetasā viharāmīti yathāvuttappakāracitto hutvā vasāmīti attho. Suttesu pana mahānāmasakkassa sotāpannassa sato nissayavihāraṃ pucchato nissayavihāravasena desitattā agāraṃ ajjhāvasāmīti vuttaṃ. Tattha abhibhavitvā vasāmīti attho.
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「施捨無所保留(muttacāgo)」者:即已放舍的舍施(vissaṭṭhacāgo)。「手常潔淨(payatapāṇī)」者:即手遍淨者。是所說的意思:為了恭敬地親手施與應施之物,手總是洗淨的。「樂於捨棄(vossaggarato)」者:捨出為「捨棄(vossagga)」,即遍舍,此是其義;由於不斷致力於那捨棄而樂於其中,故為「樂於捨棄」。「堪受人乞求(yācayogo)」者:由於他人乞求什麼就施與什麼,故與乞求相應,此是其義。也有「yājayogo」的讀法,即與稱為祭祀的供施(yāja)相應,此是其義。「樂於布施與分享(dānasaṃvibhāgarato)」者:即樂於布施與分享。是他如是隨念:「我既作布施,又從自己所應受用的[份]中作分享,並且我正樂於這兩者」,此是其義。

Muttacāgoti vissaṭṭhacāgo. Payatapāṇīti parisuddhahattho. Sakkaccaṃ sahatthā deyyadhammaṃ dātuṃ sadā dhotahatthoyevāti vuttaṃ hoti. Vossaggaratoti vossajjanaṃ vossaggo, pariccāgoti attho. Tasmiṃ vossagge satatābhiyogavasena ratoti vossaggarato. Yācayogoti yaṃ yaṃ pare yācanti, tassa tassa dānato yācanayogoti attho. Yājayogotipi pāṭho. Yajanasaṅkhātena yājena yuttoti attho. Dānasaṃvibhāgaratoti dāne ca saṃvibhāge ca rato. Ahañhi dānañca demi, attanā paribhuñjitabbatopi ca saṃvibhāgaṃ karomi, ettheva casmi ubhaye ratoti evaṃ anussaratīti attho.
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一百六十一、當他如是依離了慳垢之性等功德隨念自己的舍時,「他於那時心不為貪所纏縛,不為瞋……乃至……心不為痴所纏縛;他於那時心依舍而唯是正直的」(《增支部》5.10),依前面的方法,已鎮伏諸蓋者,諸禪支於一剎那中生起。然而由於舍的功德甚深,或由於傾心於隨念種種舍的功德,不達安止,唯成為達到近行的禪。這[禪]由於是依隨念舍的功德而生起的,就被稱為「舍隨念」。

而勤修這舍隨唸的比丘,更加傾心於舍,意樂無貪,隨順於慈而行,無所怯畏,多喜與愉悅;而若未能通達更上[之法],則以善趣為歸趣。

因此,善慧者確實應當作不放逸,

常於如是有大威力的舍隨念[中]。

這是關於舍隨唸的詳說之門。

161. Tassevaṃ vigatamalamaccheratādiguṇavasena attano cāgaṃ anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti cāgaṃ ārabbhāti (a. ni. 5.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Cāgaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāracāgaguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ cāgaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā cāgānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana cāgānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu bhiyyoso mattāya cāgādhimutto hoti, alobhajjhāsayo, mettāya anulomakārī, visārado, pītipāmojjabahulo, uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, cāgānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ cāgānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
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六、天隨念論

6. Devatānussatikathā
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一百六十二、而欲修習天隨念者,應具足由聖道而生起的信等功德。然後獨處靜坐,以「有四大王天諸天,有三十三天諸天、夜摩天、兜率天、化樂天、他化自在天,有梵身天諸天,有比那更上的諸天。具足怎樣的信的那些天,從此死沒後投生於彼處,我也有那樣的信。怎樣的戒。怎樣的聞。怎樣的舍。具足怎樣的慧的那些天,從此死沒後投生於彼處,我也有那樣的慧」(《增支部》6.10)這樣[的方式],以諸天立為見證,隨念自己的信等功德。

162. Devatānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmena pana ariyamaggavasena samudāgatehi saddhādīhi guṇehi samannāgatena bhavitabbaṃ. Tato rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘santi devā cātumahārājikā, santi devā tāvatiṃsā, yāmā, tusitā, nimmānaratino, paranimmitavasavattino, santi devā brahmakāyikā, santi devā tatuttari, yathārūpāya saddhāya samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tattha upapannā, mayhampi tathārūpā saddhā saṃvijjati. Yathārūpena sīlena. Yathārūpena sutena. Yathārūpena cāgena. Yathārūpāya paññāya samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tattha upapannā, mayhampi tathārūpā paññā saṃvijjatī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ devatā sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā attano saddhādiguṇā anussaritabbā.
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然而經中說:「摩訶男,當聖弟子隨念自己與那些天的信、戒、聞、舍、慧之時,他於那時心不為貪所纏縛。」雖然[經中]這樣說,但應知那是為了顯明應立為見證的諸天具有與自己的信等相同的功德而說的。因為在義注中,已確定地說:「以諸天立為見證,隨念自己的功德。」

Sutte pana yasmiṃ mahānāma samaye ariyasāvako attano ca tāsañca devatānaṃ saddhañca sīlañca sutañca cāgañca paññañca anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hotīti vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi vuttaṃ, atha kho taṃ sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetabbadevatānaṃ attano saddhādīhi samānaguṇadīpanatthaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyañhi devatā sakkhiṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā attano guṇe anussaratīti daḷhaṃ katvā vuttaṃ.
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一百六十三、因此,在前分隨唸了諸天的功德之後,於後分隨念自己所具有的信等功德時,「他於那時心不為貪所纏縛,不為瞋……乃至……心不為痴所纏縛;他於那時心依諸天而唯是正直的」(《增支部》6.10),依前面的方法,已鎮伏諸蓋者,諸禪支於一剎那中生起。然而由於信等功德甚深,或由於傾心於隨念種種功德,不達安止,唯成為達到近行的禪。這[禪]由於依隨念與諸天的功德相似的信等功德,就被稱為「天隨念」。

而勤修這天隨唸的比丘,為諸天所愛、所喜,更加得到信等的廣大,多喜與愉悅而住。而若未能通達更上[之法],則以善趣為歸趣。

因此,善慧者確實應當作不放逸,

常於如是有大威力的天隨念[中]。

這是關於天隨唸的詳說之門。

163. Tasmā pubbabhāge devatānaṃ guṇe anussaritvā aparabhāge attano saṃvijjamāne saddhādiguṇe anussarato cassa neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti devatā ārabbhāti (a. ni. 6.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Saddhādiguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ devatānaṃ guṇasadisasaddhādiguṇānussaraṇavasena devatānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
Imañca pana devatānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu devatānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo, bhiyyoso mattāya saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo viharati. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.
Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;
Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, devatānussatiyā sadāti.
Idaṃ devatānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.
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雜論

Pakiṇṇakakathā
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一百六十四、而在這些[隨念]的詳說中,說了「他於那時心依如來而唯是正直的」等之後,又說了「摩訶男,心已正直的聖弟子獲得義喜(atthaveda),獲得法喜(dhammaveda),獲得與法相應的愉悅(pāmojja);已生愉悅者便生起喜」(《增支部》6.10),此中,應知是就依「那位世尊亦即是」等[語]之義而生起的滿足,說「獲得義喜」;就依聖典而生起的滿足,[說]「獲得法喜」;就兩者而說「獲得與法相應的愉悅」。

164. Yaṃ pana etāsaṃ vitthāradesanāyaṃ ‘‘ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti tathāgataṃ ārabbhā’’tiādīni vatvā ‘‘ujugatacitto kho pana, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyatī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) vuttaṃ, tattha itipi so bhagavātiādīnaṃ atthaṃ nissāya uppannaṃ tuṭṭhiṃ sandhāya labhati atthavedanti vuttaṃ. Pāḷiṃ nissāya uppannaṃ tuṭṭhiṃ sandhāya labhati dhammavedaṃ. Ubhayavasena labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjanti vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
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而在天隨念中所說的「依諸天」,應知那是依在前分依諸天而轉起的心而說的,或者是依依於與諸天的功德相似、能成就天之身分的功德而轉起的心而說的。

Yañca devatānussatiyaṃ devatā ārabbhāti vuttaṃ, taṃ pubbabhāge devatā ārabbha pavattacittavasena devatāguṇasadise vā devatābhāvanipphādake guṇe ārabbha pavattacittavasena vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
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一百六十五、而這六隨念,於聖弟子們必定成就。因為對他們而言,佛、法、僧的功德是明顯的;而且他們具足有無毀性等功德的諸戒、離了慳垢的舍,以及與有大威力的諸天的功德相似的信等功德。又在《摩訶男經》(《增支部》6.10)中,世尊被問到須陀洹的依止之住時,正是為了顯示須陀洹的依止之住,才詳細地講說了這些[隨念]。

165. Imā pana cha anussatiyo ariyasāvakānaññeva ijjhanti. Tesaṃ hi buddhadhammasaṅghaguṇā pākaṭā honti. Te ca akhaṇḍatādiguṇehi sīlehi, vigatamalamaccherena cāgena, mahānubhāvānaṃ devatānaṃ guṇasadisehi saddhādiguṇehi samannāgatā. Mahānāmasutte (a. ni. 6.10) ca sotāpannassa nissayavihāraṃ puṭṭhena bhagavatā sotāpannassa nissayavihāradassanatthameva etā vitthārato kathitā.
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在《貪求經》中也說:「諸比丘,在此,聖弟子隨念如來:那位世尊亦即是……乃至……他於那時心唯是正直的,已出離、已解脫、已出起於貪求。諸比丘,『貪求』,這是五欲功德的增語。諸比丘,以這也作為所緣,如是,此間有些眾生得以清淨。」(《增支部》6.25)如是,是為了聖弟子依隨念淨化心之後,更進一步證得勝義清淨而講說的。

Gedhasuttepi ‘‘idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, itipi so bhagavā…pe… ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti nikkhantaṃ muttaṃ vuṭṭhitaṃ gedhamhā. Gedhoti kho, bhikkhave, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānamadhivacanaṃ. Idampi kho, bhikkhave, ārammaṇaṃ karitvā evamidhekacce sattā visujjhantī’’ti (a. ni. 6.25) evaṃ ariyasāvakassa anussativasena cittaṃ visodhetvā uttari paramatthavisuddhiadhigamatthāya kathitā.
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在具壽大迦旃延所教導的《擁擠中得機會經》中也說:「賢友們,稀有啊!賢友們,未曾有啊!那位知者、見者、阿羅漢、正等正覺者的世尊,何其覺悟了在擁擠中獲得機會,為令眾生清淨……乃至……為現證涅槃,即這六隨念處。哪六種呢?賢友們,在此,聖弟子隨念如來……乃至……如是,此間有些眾生成為有清淨之法者。」(《增支部》6.26)如是,是依唯聖弟子具有勝義清淨之法性、依獲得機會而講說的。

Āyasmatā mahākaccānena desite sambādhokāsasuttepi ‘‘acchariyaṃ, āvuso, abbhutaṃ, āvuso, yāvañcidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sambādhe okāsādhigamo anubuddho sattānaṃ visuddhiyā…pe… nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya yadidaṃ cha anussatiṭṭhānāni. Katamāni cha? Idhāvuso, ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati…pe… evamidhekacce sattā visuddhidhammā bhavantī’’ti (a. ni. 6.26) evaṃ ariyasāvakasseva paramatthavisuddhidhammatāya okāsādhigamavasena kathitā.
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在《布薩經》中也說:「毗舍佉,聖布薩是怎樣的呢?毗舍佉,染汙的心可借方法而得皎潔。毗舍佉,染汙的心如何借方法而得皎潔呢?毗舍佉,在此,聖弟子隨念如來。」(《增支部》3.71)如是,是為了顯示唯對持布薩的聖弟子,依淨化心的業處,布薩才有大果之性而講說的。

Uposathasuttepi ‘‘kathañca, visākhe, ariyūposatho hoti? Upakkiliṭṭhassa, visākhe, cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussaratī’’ti (a. ni. 3.71) evaṃ ariyasāvakasseva uposathaṃ upavasato cittavisodhanakammaṭṭhānavasena uposathassa mahapphalabhāvadassanatthaṃ kathitā.
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在《十一集》中也說:「摩訶男,有信者是成就者,無信者不是。摩訶男,發起精進者、念已現起者、得定者、有慧者是成就者,劣慧者不是。摩訶男,你住立於這五法之後,應進一步修習六法。摩訶男,在此,你應隨念如來:『那位世尊亦即是』。」(《增支部》11.11)如是,是為了對問「尊者,我們以種種住而住,應以哪一種住而住呢?」的聖弟子顯示[應住之]住而講說的。

Ekādasanipātepi ‘‘saddho kho, mahānāma, ārādhako hoti, no assaddho. Āraddhavīriyo, upaṭṭhitasati, samāhito, paññavā, mahānāma, ārādhako hoti, no duppañño. Imesu kho tvaṃ, mahānāma, pañcasu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya cha dhamme uttari bhāveyyāsi. Idha tvaṃ, mahānāma, tathāgataṃ anussareyyāsi itipi so bhagavā’’ti (a. ni. 11.11) evaṃ ariyasāvakasseva ‘‘tesaṃ no, bhante, nānāvihārena viharataṃ kenassa vihārena viharitabba’’nti pucchato vihāradassanatthaṃ kathitā.
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一百六十六、雖然如此,具足遍淨戒等功德的凡夫也應作意[這些隨念]。因為即使依傳聞而隨念佛等的功德,心也必定得淨信;以那[淨信]的威力,他鎮伏諸蓋之後,有廣大的愉悅,發起觀,甚至能作證阿羅漢果——猶如住迦吒暗窟的弗沙提婆長老(Kaṭaandhakāravāsī Phussadevatthera)。

166. Evaṃ santepi parisuddhasīlādiguṇasamannāgatena puthujjanenāpi manasi kātabbā. Anussavavasenāpi hi buddhādīnaṃ guṇe anussarato cittaṃ pasīdatiyeva. Yassānubhāvena nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhetvā uḷārapāmojjo vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā arahattaṃyeva sacchikareyya kaṭaandhakāravāsī phussadevatthero viya.
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相傳那位具壽見了魔所化作的佛像,[想:]「這[像]有貪、瞋、痴,尚且如此光輝,世尊怎麼會不光輝呢?因為他已完全離貪、瞋、痴。」便獲得以佛為所緣的喜,增長觀,證得了阿羅漢果。

So kirāyasmā mārena nimmitaṃ buddharūpaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ tāva sarāgadosamoho evaṃ sobhati, kathaṃ nu kho bhagavā na sobhati, so hi sabbaso vītarāgadosamoho’’ti buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ paṭilabhitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti.
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如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,

Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge
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於定的修習之部,

Samādhibhāvanādhikāre
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名為〈六隨唸的解說〉的

Chaanussatiniddeso nāma
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第七章[終]。

Sattamo paricchedo.