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清淨道論·智見清淨的解說 Ñāṇadassanavisuddhiniddeso

本經目錄二十二、智見清淨的解說第一道智論第一道智,終。須陀洹人論第二道智論第二智,終。第三道智論第三智,終。第四道智論第四智,終。阿羅漢人論菩提分論如是,此中應了知菩提分圓滿之狀態。出起與力的結合論如是,此中應知出起與力的結合。應舍斷之法的舍斷論遍知等的作用論遍知等的分類論如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,于慧的修習之部,名為〈智見清淨的解說〉的第二十二章[終]。

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二十二、智見清淨的解說

22. Ñāṇadassanavisuddhiniddeso
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第一道智論

Paṭhamamaggañāṇakathā
806緬 2.312已對照

八百零六、此後是種姓智(gotrabhuñāṇa)。它由於處在道的轉向之位,既不屬於行道智見清淨,也不屬於智見清淨,在[兩者]之間唯是不可稱說的(abbohārika)。然而由於落入了觀之流,它得名為「觀」。而須陀洹道、斯陀含道、阿那含道、阿羅漢道——在這四道中的智,名為智見清淨。

此中,暫且[說]第一道智:想要成就它的人,並沒有所謂其他任何應作的事。因為凡他所應作的,在生起以隨順為終的觀時,就已作完了。而對於如是已生起隨順智的他,當那三種隨順智依各自之力相稱地令遮蔽諸諦的、粗而又粗的暗隱沒時,[他的]心於一切行類不躍入、不安住、不信解、不黏著、不掛著、不被縛住,猶如水從蓮葉上[退落]一般,退縮、退避、轉離。一切相所緣、一切轉起所緣,都現起為障礙。於是,當一切相與轉起的所緣對他現起為障礙時,在隨順智的串習之末,種姓智生起:它以無相、無轉起、離行(visaṅkhāra)、滅、涅槃為所緣;超越凡夫的種姓、凡夫之稱、凡夫地,進入聖者的種姓、聖者之稱、聖者地;是於涅槃所緣上最初的迴轉、最初的關注、最初的專注;依無間、等無間、串習、親依止、無有、離去,以六種行相成就對道的緣性;已達頂點,是觀的頂端,不再退回。

這是就此而說的——

「怎樣說從外部出起、還轉的慧是種姓智?勝過生起,故為種姓。勝過轉起……乃至……勝過惱,故為種姓。勝過外部的諸行之相,故為種姓。躍入不生起,故為種姓。躍入不轉起……乃至……躍入無惱、滅、涅槃,故為種姓。勝過生起之後躍入不生起,故為種姓。」(《無礙解道》1.59)一切應廣說。

806. Ito paraṃ gotrabhuñāṇaṃ hoti, taṃ maggassa āvajjanaṭṭhāniyattā neva paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhiṃ na ñāṇadassanavisuddhiṃ bhajati, antarā abbohārikameva hoti. Vipassanāsote patitattā pana vipassanāti saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Sotāpattimaggo sakadāgāmimaggo anāgāmimaggo arahattamaggoti imesu pana catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ ñāṇadassanavisuddhi nāma.
Tattha paṭhamamaggañāṇaṃ tāva sampādetukāmena aññaṃ kiñci kātabbaṃ nāma natthi. Yañhi anena kātabbaṃ siyā, taṃ anulomāvasānaṃ vipassanaṃ uppādentena katameva. Evaṃ uppannaanulomañāṇassa panassa tehi tīhipi anulomañāṇehi attano balānurūpena thūlathūle saccapaṭicchādake tamamhi antaradhāpite sabbasaṅkhāragatesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati, na santiṭṭhati, nādhimuccati, na sajjati, na laggati, na bajjhati. Padumapalāsato udakaṃ viya patilīyati patikuṭati pativattati. Sabbaṃ nimittārammaṇampi sabbaṃ pavattārammaṇampi palibodhato upaṭṭhāti. Athassa sabbasmiṃ nimittapavattārammaṇe palibodhato upaṭṭhite anulomañāṇassa āsevanante animittaṃ appavattaṃ visaṅkhāraṃ nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ kurumānaṃ puthujjanagottaṃ puthujjanasaṅkhaṃ puthujjanabhūmiṃ atikkamamānaṃ ariyagottaṃ ariyasaṅkhaṃ ariyabhūmiṃ okkamamānaṃ nibbānārammaṇe paṭhamāvaṭṭanapaṭhamābhogapaṭhamasamannāhārabhūtaṃ maggassa anantarasamanantarāsevanaupanissayanatthivigatavasena chahi ākārehi paccayabhāvaṃ sādhayamānaṃ sikhāppattaṃ vipassanāya muddhabhūtaṃ apunarāvaṭṭakaṃ uppajjati gotrabhuñāṇaṃ.
Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –
‘‘Kathaṃ bahiddhā vuṭṭhānavivaṭṭane paññā gotrabhuñāṇaṃ? Uppādaṃ abhibhuyyatīti gotrabhu. Pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāsaṃ abhibhuyyatīti gotrabhu. Bahiddhā saṅkhāranimittaṃ abhibhuyyatīti gotrabhu. Anuppādaṃ pakkhandatīti gotrabhu. Appavattaṃ…pe… anupāyāsaṃ nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ pakkhandatīti gotrabhu. Uppādaṃ abhibhuyyitvā anuppādaṃ pakkhandatīti gotrabhū’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.59) sabbaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.
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八百零七、此中有這個譬喻,闡明隨順與種姓雖以同一轉向在同一心路中轉起,卻於不同的所緣上轉起的行相——猶如一個想躍過大水溝、立足於彼岸的人,迅速奔跑,抓住系在水溝此岸樹枝上垂下的繩子或竿子,騰躍而起,身體傾向、趨向、朝向彼岸,到達彼岸上方時,放開它,搖晃著落在彼岸,慢慢站穩;同樣,這位瑜伽行者也想立足於作為有、胎、趣、[識]住、[眾生]居之彼岸的涅槃,以生滅隨觀等迅速奔跑,以隨順的轉向,[作為]「無常」或「苦」或「無我」,抓住系在自體之樹枝上垂下的色之繩,或受等之中的某一根竿子,始終不放開它,以第一隨順心騰躍而起;以第二[隨順心],猶如身體傾向、趨向、朝向彼岸[的人]那樣,意傾向、趨向、朝向涅槃;以第三[隨順心],猶如到達彼岸上方[的人]那樣,接近了現在應證得的涅槃;隨著那心的滅去,放開那行所緣,以種姓心落在離行的、作為彼岸的涅槃上。而由於在同一所緣上尚未得到串習,他猶如那搖晃的人一樣,尚未善為立足,其後才以道智立足。

807. Tatrāyaṃ ekāvajjanena ekavīthiyaṃ pavattamānānampi anulomagotrabhūnaṃ nānārammaṇe pavattanākāradīpikā upamā – yathā hi mahāmātikaṃ laṅghitvā paratīre patiṭṭhātukāmo puriso vegena dhāvitvā mātikāya orimatīre rukkhasākhāya bandhitvā olambitaṃ rajjuṃ vā yaṭṭhiṃ vā gahetvā ullaṅghitvā paratīraninnapoṇapabbhārakāyo hutvā paratīrassa uparibhāgaṃ patto taṃ muñcitvā vedhamāno paratīre patitvā saṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāti, evamevāyaṃ yogāvacaropi bhavayonigatiṭṭhitinivāsānaṃ paratīrabhūte nibbāne patiṭṭhātukāmo udayabbayānupassanādinā vegena dhāvitvā attabhāvarukkhasākhāya bandhitvā olambitaṃ rūparajjuṃ vā vedanādīsu aññataradaṇḍaṃ vā aniccanti vā dukkhanti vā anattāti vāti anulomāvajjanena gahetvā taṃ amuñcamānova paṭhamena anulomacittena ullaṅghitvā dutiyena paratīraninnapoṇapabbhārakāyo viya nibbānaninnapoṇapabbhāramānaso hutvā tatiyena paratīrassa uparibhāgaṃ patto viya idāni pattabbassa nibbānassa āsanno hutvā tassa cittassa nirodhena taṃ saṅkhārārammaṇaṃ muñcitvā gotrabhucittena visaṅkhāre paratīrabhūte nibbāne patati. Ekārammaṇe pana aladdhāsevanatāya vedhamāno so puriso viya na tāva suppatiṭṭhito hoti, tato maggañāṇena patiṭṭhātīti.
808已對照

八百零八、此中,隨順能驅除遮蔽諸諦的煩惱之暗,[卻]不能以涅槃為所緣;種姓唯能以涅槃為所緣,[卻]不能驅除遮蔽諸諦的暗。此中有這個譬喻——相傳,有一個具眼之人,[想]「我要知道星宿的會合」,在夜分出去,為了看月亮而向上仰望;由於被雲遮蔽,月亮沒有對他顯現。於是一陣風起來,吹散了粗而又粗的雲;另一[陣風吹散了]中等的,另一[陣風吹散了]細微的。於是那人在雲已散去的天空中見到月亮,知道了星宿的會合。

808. Tattha anulomaṃ saccapaṭicchādakaṃ kilesatamaṃ vinodetuṃ sakkoti, na nibbānamārammaṇaṃ kātuṃ. Gotrabhu nibbānameva ārammaṇaṃ kātuṃ sakkoti, na saccapaṭicchādakaṃ tamaṃ vinodetuṃ. Tatrāyaṃ upamā – eko kira cakkhumā puriso ‘‘nakkhattayogaṃ jānissāmī’’ti rattibhāge nikkhamitvā candaṃ passituṃ uddhaṃ ullokesi, tassa valāhakehi paṭicchannattā cando na paññāyittha. Atheko vāto uṭṭhahitvā thūlathūle valāhake viddhaṃseti. Aparo majjhime, aparo sukhumeti. Tato so puriso vigatavalāhake nabhe candaṃ disvā nakkhattayogaṃ aññāsi.
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此中,遮蔽諸諦的粗、中、細的煩惱黑暗,猶如三層雲;三個隨順心,猶如三陣風;種姓智,猶如具眼之人;涅槃,猶如月亮;每一隨順心驅除遮蔽諸諦的暗,猶如每一陣風依次吹散雲;遮蔽諸諦的暗消失時,種姓智見到清淨的涅槃,猶如那人在雲已散去的天空中見到清淨的月亮。

Tattha tayo valāhakā viya saccapaṭicchādakathūlamajjhimasukhumaṃ kilesandhakāraṃ, tayo vātā viya tīṇi anulomacittāni, cakkhumā puriso viya gotrabhuñāṇaṃ, cando viya nibbānaṃ, ekekassa vātassa yathākkamena valāhakaviddhaṃsanaṃ viya ekekassa anulomacittassa saccapaṭicchādakatamavinodanaṃ, vigatavalāhake nabhe tassa purisassa visuddhacandadassanaṃ viya vigate saccapaṭicchādake tame gotrabhuñāṇassa visuddhanibbānadassanaṃ.
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因為正如三陣風唯能吹散遮蔽月亮的雲,[卻]不能看見月亮;同樣,諸隨順唯能驅除遮蔽諸諦的暗,[卻]不能看見涅槃。正如那人唯能看見月亮,[卻]不能吹散雲;同樣,種姓智唯能看見涅槃,[卻]不能驅除煩惱之暗。正因如此,它被稱為「道的轉向」。因為它雖然不是轉向,卻住立於轉向之位,猶如給了道一個信號「你要這樣生起」之後而滅去。道也不放開它所給的信號,依無間斷的相續隨之接續那智,洞穿著、剖開著從未洞穿過、從未剖開過的貪蘊、瞋蘊、痴蘊而生起。

Yatheva hi tayo vātā candapaṭicchādake valāhakeyeva viddhaṃsetuṃ sakkonti, na candaṃ daṭṭhuṃ, evaṃ anulomāni saccapaṭicchādakaṃ tamaññeva vinodetuṃ sakkonti, na nibbānaṃ daṭṭhuṃ. Yathā so puriso candameva daṭṭhuṃ sakkoti, na valāhake viddhaṃsetuṃ, evaṃ gotrabhuñāṇaṃ nibbānameva daṭṭhuṃ sakkoti, na kilesatamaṃ vinodetuṃ. Teneva cetaṃ maggassa āvajjananti vuccati. Tañhi anāvajjanampi samānaṃ āvajjanaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā ‘‘evaṃ nibbattāhī’’ti maggassa saññaṃ datvā viya nirujjhati. Maggopi tena dinnasaññaṃ amuñcitvāva avīcisantativasena taṃ ñāṇaṃ anuppabandhamāno anibbiddhapubbaṃ apadālitapubbaṃ lobhakkhandhaṃ dosakkhandhaṃ mohakkhandhaṃ nibbijjhamānova padālayamānova nibbattati.
809已對照

八百零九、此中有這個譬喻——相傳,有一位弓箭手令人在八烏薩婆之量的地方放置一百塊木板,以布裹住臉,搭上箭,站在轉輪機上。另一個人轉動轉輪機,當木板正對弓箭手時,便在那裡以小棒給信號。弓箭手不放開小棒的信號,射出箭,洞穿一百塊木板。此中,種姓智猶如小棒的信號,道智猶如弓箭手。猶如弓箭手不放開小棒的信號而洞穿一百塊木板,道智不放開種姓智所給的信號,以涅槃為所緣,洞穿、剖開從未洞穿過、從未剖開過的貪、瞋、痴諸蘊。

809. Tatrāyaṃ upamā – eko kira issāso aṭṭhausabhamatte padese phalakasataṃ ṭhapāpetvā vatthena mukhaṃ veṭhetvā saraṃ sannahitvā cakkayante aṭṭhāsi. Añño puriso cakkayantaṃ āvijjhitvā yadā issāsassa phalakaṃ abhimukhaṃ hoti, tadā tattha daṇḍakena saññaṃ deti. Issāso daṇḍakasaññaṃ amuñcitvāva saraṃ khipitvā phalakasataṃ nibbijjhati. Tattha daṇḍakasaññaṃ viya gotrabhuñāṇaṃ, issāso viya maggañāṇaṃ. Issāsassa daṇḍakasaññaṃ amuñcitvāva phalakasatanibbijjhanaṃ viya maggañāṇassa gotrabhuñāṇena dinnasaññaṃ amuñcitvāva nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā anibbiddhapubbānaṃ apadālitapubbānaṃ lobhadosamohakkhandhānaṃ nibbijjhanapadālanaṃ.
810緬 2.315已對照

八百一十、而這道不僅洞穿貪蘊等,而且令無始輪迴輪轉的苦海乾涸,關閉一切惡趣之門,令七聖財現前,舍斷八支邪道,止息一切怨與怖畏,令[他]成為正等正覺者的胸生子,並導向獲得其他數百種功德利益——如是,與帶來許多功德利益的須陀洹道相應的智,[就是]「須陀洹道中的智」。

810. Na kevalañcesa maggo lobhakkhandhādīnaṃ nibbijjhanameva karoti, apica kho anamataggasaṃsāravaṭṭadukkhasamuddaṃ soseti, sabbaapāyadvārāni pidahati, sattannaṃ ariyadhanānaṃ sammukhībhāvaṃ karoti, aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ micchāmaggaṃ pajahati, sabbaverabhayāni vūpasameti, sammāsambuddhassa orasaputtabhāvaṃ upaneti, aññesañca anekasatānaṃ ānisaṃsānaṃ paṭilābhāya saṃvattatīti evaṃ anekānisaṃsadāyakena sotāpattimaggena sampayuttaṃ ñāṇaṃ sotāpattimagge ñāṇanti.
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第一道智,終。

Paṭhamamaggañāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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須陀洹人論

Sotāpannapuggalakathā
811已對照

八百一十一、而緊接這智之後,作為它的異熟的兩個或三個果心生起。因為正由於諸出世間善是緊接[而有]異熟的,才說了「人們稱之為無間的定」(《小誦》6.5)與「遲緩地達到為諸漏之滅盡的無間[定]」(《增支部》4.162)等語。而某些[師]說「果心是一個、兩個、三個或四個」,那[說法]不應接受。

811. Imassa pana ñāṇassa anantaraṃ tasseva vipākabhūtāni dve tīṇi vā phalacittāni uppajjanti. Anantaravipākattāyeva hi lokuttarakusalānaṃ ‘‘samādhimānantarikaññamāhū’’ti (khu. pā. 6.5) ca ‘‘dandhaṃ ānantarikaṃ pāpuṇāti āsavānaṃ khayāyā’’ti (a. ni. 4.162) ca ādi vuttaṃ. Keci pana ekaṃ dve tīṇi cattāri vā phalacittānīti vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ.
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因為在隨順的串習之末,種姓智生起。所以依最低的限度,應有兩個隨順心。因為一個[隨順心]得不到串習緣,而同一轉向的心路最多是七個心。所以,對有兩個隨順[心]者,第三是種姓,第四是道心,[其後]有三個果心;對有三個隨順[心]者,第四是種姓,第五是道心,[其後]有兩個果心。因此說「兩個或三個果心生起」。

Anulomassa hi āsevanante gotrabhuñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Tasmā sabbantimena paricchedena dvīhi anulomacittehi bhavitabbaṃ. Na hi ekaṃ āsevanapaccayaṃ labhati, sattacittaparamā ca ekāvajjanavīthi. Tasmā yassa dve anulomāni, tassa tatiyaṃ gotrabhu catutthaṃ maggacittaṃ tīṇi phalacittāni honti. Yassa tīṇi anulomāni, tassa catutthaṃ gotrabhu pañcamaṃ maggacittaṃ dve phalacittāni honti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘dve tīṇi vā phalacittāni uppajjantī’’ti.
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而某些[師]說「對有四個隨順[心]者,第五是種姓,第六是道心,[其後]有一個果心」;然而由於[速行]是在第四或第五[心]安止,不在其後,因為接近有分——所以那[說法]被駁斥了。所以不應視為精要而信受。

Keci pana yassa cattāri anulomāni, tassa pañcamaṃ gotrabhu chaṭṭhaṃ maggacittaṃ ekaṃ phalacittanti vadanti, taṃ pana yasmā catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ vā appeti, na tato paraṃ āsannabhavaṅgattāti paṭikkhittaṃ. Tasmā na sārato paccetabbaṃ.
812緬 2.316已對照

八百一十二、而至此,他成為名為須陀洹的第二種聖人。即使是極為放逸者,也有能力在天與人中奔馳、輪迴七次之後,作苦的終結。而在果的終了,他的心降入有分;其後,切斷有分,為了省察道,意門轉向生起;它滅去時,依次有七個省察道的速行。再降入有分之後,依同樣的方式,為了省察果等,轉向等生起。由於它們的生起,他省察道,省察果,省察已斷的煩惱,省察殘餘的煩惱,省察涅槃。

812. Ettāvatā ca panesa sotāpanno nāma dutiyo ariyapuggalo hoti. Bhusaṃ pamattopi hutvā sattakkhattuṃ devesu ca manussesu ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantassa karaṇasamattho hoti. Phalapariyosāne panassa cittaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ otarati, tato bhavaṅgaṃ upacchinditvā maggapaccavekkhaṇatthāya uppajjati manodvārāvajjanaṃ, tasmiṃ niruddhe paṭipāṭiyā satta maggapaccavekkhaṇajavanānīti. Puna bhavaṅgaṃ otaritvā teneva nayena phalādīnaṃ paccavekkhaṇatthāya āvajjanādīni uppajjanti. Yesaṃ uppattiyā esa maggaṃ paccavekkhati, phalaṃ paccavekkhati, pahīnakilese paccavekkhati, avasiṭṭhakilese paccavekkhati, nibbānaṃ paccavekkhati.
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因為他以「我確實是經由這道而來的」省察道;其後以「我已獲得這功德利益」省察果;其後以「我的這些煩惱已斷了」省察已斷的煩惱;其後以「我的這些煩惱[仍]殘餘」省察應由更上三道破除的煩惱;最後以「這法已被我作為所緣而通達了」省察不死的涅槃。如是,須陀洹聖弟子有五種省察。如須陀洹那樣,斯陀含與阿那含也是如此。而阿羅漢沒有所謂殘餘煩惱的省察。如是,一切[合計]名為十九種省察。

So hi ‘‘iminā vatāhaṃ maggena āgato’’ti maggaṃ paccavekkhati, tato ‘‘ayaṃ me ānisaṃso laddho’’ti phalaṃ paccavekkhati. Tato ‘‘ime nāma me kilesā pahīnā’’ti pahīnakilese paccavekkhati. Tato ‘‘ime nāma me kilesā avasiṭṭhā’’ti uparimaggattayavajjhe kilese paccavekkhati. Avasāne ca ‘‘ayaṃ me dhammo ārammaṇato paṭividdho’’ti amataṃ nibbānaṃ paccavekkhati. Iti sotāpannassa ariyasāvakassa pañca paccavekkhaṇāni honti. Yathā ca sotāpannassa, evaṃ sakadāgāmianāgāmīnampi. Arahato pana avasiṭṭhakilesapaccavekkhaṇaṃ nāma natthīti. Evaṃ sabbānipi ekūnavīsati paccavekkhaṇāni nāma.
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而這只是最高的限定。因為已斷與殘餘煩惱的省察,對諸有學來說也是或有或無的。正由於沒有那省察,摩訶男才問世尊:「到底我內[心]還有什麼法未斷,以致我有時貪法也遍盡[我的]心而住立呢?」(《中部》1.175)一切應詳細了知。

Ukkaṭṭhaparicchedoyeva ceso. Pahīnāvasiṭṭhakilesapaccavekkhaṇañhi sekkhānampi hoti vā na vā. Tassa hi paccavekkhaṇassa abhāveneva mahānāmo bhagavantaṃ pucchi ‘‘kosu nāma me dhammo ajjhattaṃ appahīno, yena me ekadā lobhadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhantī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.175) sabbaṃ vitthārato veditabbaṃ.
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第二道智論

Dutiyamaggañāṇakathā
813已對照

八百一十三、而如是省察之後,那須陀洹聖弟子或者就坐在那同一座上,或者在其他時候,為了欲貪與瞋恚的薄弱,為證得第二地而致力。他令諸根、力、覺支和合之後,以智把那同樣以色、受、想、行、識為區分的行類作為「無常、苦、無我」而遍察、翻轉,深入觀之路。對如是行道的他,依前面所說的方式,在行舍之末,當隨順智與種姓智以同一轉向生起時,緊接種姓之後,斯陀含道生起。與它相應的智,[就是]「斯陀含道中的智」。

813. Evaṃ paccavekkhitvā pana so sotāpanno ariyasāvako tasmiññeva vā āsane nisinno, aparena vā samayena kāmarāgabyāpādānaṃ tanubhāvāya dutiyāya bhūmiyā pattiyā yogaṃ karoti. So indriyabalabojjhaṅgāni samodhānetvā tadeva rūpavedanāsaññāsaṅkhāraviññāṇabhedaṃ saṅkhāragataṃ aniccaṃ dukkhamanattāti ñāṇena parimaddati, parivatteti, vipassanāvīthiṃ ogāhati. Tassevaṃ paṭipannassa vuttanayeneva saṅkhārupekkhāvasāne ekāvajjanena anulomagotrabhuñāṇesu uppannesu gotrabhuanantaraṃ sakadāgāmimaggo uppajjati. Tena sampayuttaṃ ñāṇaṃ sakadāgāmimagge ñāṇanti.
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第二智,終。

Dutiyañāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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第三道智論

Tatiyamaggañāṇakathā
814緬 2.317已對照

八百一十四、緊接這智之後,也應依前面所說的方式了知諸果心。而至此,他成為名為斯陀含的第四種聖人,只來此世間一次,便有能力作苦的終結。此後的省察,正是前面所說的方式。

814. Imassāpi ñāṇassa anantaraṃ vuttanayeneva phalacittāni veditabbāni. Ettāvatā cesa sakadāgāmī nāma catuttho ariyapuggalo hoti sakiṃdeva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantakaraṇasamattho. Tato paraṃ paccavekkhaṇaṃ vuttanayameva.
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而如是省察之後,那斯陀含聖弟子或者就坐在那同一座上,或者在其他時候,為了欲貪與瞋恚的無餘舍斷,為證得第三地而致力。他令諸根、力、覺支和合之後,以智把那同樣的行類作為「無常、苦、無我」而遍察、翻轉,深入觀之路。對如是行道的他,依前面所說的方式,在行舍之末,當隨順智與種姓智以同一轉向生起時,緊接種姓之後,阿那含道生起。與它相應的智,[就是]「阿那含道中的智」。

Evaṃ paccavekkhitvā ca so sakadāgāmī ariyasāvako tasmiññeva vā āsane nisinno aparena vā samayena kāmarāgabyāpādānaṃ anavasesappahānāya tatiyāya bhūmiyā pattiyā yogaṃ karoti, so indriyabalabojjhaṅgāni samodhānetvā tadeva saṅkhāragataṃ aniccaṃ dukkhamanattāti ñāṇena parimaddati, parivatteti, vipassanāvīthiṃ ogāhati. Tassevaṃ paṭipannassa vuttanayeneva saṅkhārupekkhāvasāne ekāvajjanena anulomagotrabhuñāṇesu uppannesu gotrabhuanantaraṃ anāgāmimaggo uppajjati, tena sampayuttaṃ ñāṇaṃ anāgāmimagge ñāṇanti.
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第三智,終。

Tatiyañāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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第四道智論

Catutthamaggañāṇakathā
815已對照

八百一十五、緊接這智之後,也應依前面所說的方式了知諸果心。而至此,他成為名為阿那含的第六種聖人:化生者,在那裡般涅槃者,有不還來之法者,不再依結生來到這世間者。此後的省察,正是前面所說的方式。

815. Imassapi ñāṇassa anantaraṃ vuttanayeneva phalacittāni veditabbāni. Ettāvatā cesa anāgāmī nāma chaṭṭho ariyapuggalo hoti opapātiko tatthaparinibbāyī anāvattidhammo paṭisandhivasena imaṃ lokaṃ puna anāgantā. Tato paraṃ paccavekkhaṇaṃ vuttanayameva.
緬 2.318已對照

而如是省察之後,那阿那含聖弟子或者就坐在那同一座上,或者在其他時候,為了色貪、無色貪、慢、掉舉、無明的無餘舍斷,為證得第四地而致力。他令諸根、力、覺支和合之後,以智把那同樣的行類作為「無常、苦、無我」而遍察、翻轉,深入觀之路。對如是行道的他,依前面所說的方式,在行舍之末,當隨順智與種姓智以同一轉向生起時,緊接種姓之後,阿羅漢道生起。與它相應的智,[就是]「阿羅漢道中的智」。

Evaṃ paccavekkhitvā ca so anāgāmī ariyasāvako tasmiññeva vā āsane nisinno, aparena vā samayena rūpārūparāgamānauddhaccaavijjānaṃ anavasesappahānāya catutthāya bhūmiyā pattiyā yogaṃ karoti, so indriyabalabojjhaṅgāni samodhānetvā tadeva saṅkhāragataṃ aniccaṃ dukkhamanattāti ñāṇena parimaddati, parivatteti, vipassanāvīthiṃ ogāhati. Tassevaṃ paṭipannassa vuttanayeneva saṅkhārupekkhāvasāne ekāvajjanena anulomagotrabhuñāṇesu uppannesu gotrabhuanantaraṃ arahattamaggo uppajjati, tena sampayuttaṃ ñāṇaṃ arahattamagge ñāṇanti.
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第四智,終。

Catutthañāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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阿羅漢人論

Arahantapuggalakathā
816已對照

八百一十六、緊接這智之後,也應依前面所說的方式了知諸果心。而至此,他成為名為阿羅漢的第八種聖人:大漏盡者、持最後身者、重擔已卸、己利已達、有結已盡、以正智解脫、含天的世間的最上應奉施者。

816. Imassapi ñāṇassa anantaraṃ vuttanayeneva phalacittāni veditabbāni. Ettāvatā cesa arahā nāma aṭṭhamo ariyapuggalo hoti mahākhīṇāsavo antimadehadhārī ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammādaññā vimutto sadevakassa lokassa aggadakkhiṇeyyoti.
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如是,凡前面所說的「而須陀洹道、斯陀含道、阿那含道、阿羅漢道——在這四道中的智,名為智見清淨」,那是就應依這次第證得的這四智而說的。

Iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘sotāpattimaggo sakadāgāmimaggo anāgāmimaggo arahattamaggoti imesu pana catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ ñāṇadassanavisuddhi nāmā’’ti, taṃ imāni iminā anukkamena pattabbāni cattāri ñāṇāni sandhāya vuttaṃ.
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菩提分論

Bodhipakkhiyakathā
817已對照

八百一十七、如今,為了了知正是這具四智的智見清淨的威力——

817. Idāni imissāyeva catuñāṇāya ñāṇadassanavisuddhiyā ānubhāvavijānanatthaṃ –
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菩提分圓滿之狀態,出起與力的結合,

Paripuṇṇabodhipakkhiya, bhāvo vuṭṭhānabalasamāyogo;
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凡應由何[道]舍斷的諸法,以及它們的舍斷,

Ye yena pahātabbā, dhammā tesaṃ pahānañca.
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於現觀之時所說的遍知等諸作用,

Kiccāni pariññādīni, yāni vuttāni abhisamayakāle;
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這一切都應依其自性而了知。

Tāni ca yathāsabhāvena, jānitabbāni sabbānīti.
818已對照

八百一十八、此中,「菩提分圓滿之狀態(paripuṇṇabodhipakkhiyabhāvo)」者:即諸菩提分的圓滿之狀態。因為四念處、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七覺支、八支聖道——這三十七法,由於存在於依覺悟之義得名為「菩提(bodha)」的聖道之一方,名為「菩提分(bodhipakkhiya)」。「由於存在於[其]一方」者:即由於處在助益之位。

818. Tattha paripuṇṇabodhipakkhiya, bhāvoti bodhipakkhiyānaṃ paripuṇṇabhāvo. Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggoti hi ime sattatiṃsa dhammā bujjhanaṭṭhena bodhoti laddhanāmassa ariyamaggassa pakkhe bhavattā bodhipakkhiyā nāma. Pakkhe bhavattāti upakārabhāve ṭhitattā.
819緬 2.319已對照

八百一十九、由於進入、躍入於各各所緣而現起,故為「處(paṭṭhāna)」。念本身就是處,[故為]念處。而由於它於身、受、心、法上,依取不淨、苦、無常、無我之行相,以及依成辦舍斷淨、樂、常、我之想的作用而轉起,故有四種區分。所以稱為「四念處」。

819. Tesu tesu ārammaṇesu okkhanditvā pakkhanditvā upaṭṭhānato paṭṭhānaṃ. Satiyeva paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Kāyavedanācittadhammesu panassā asubha-dukkha-anicca-anattākāragahaṇavasena subha-sukha-nicca-atta-saññāpahānakiccasādhanavasena ca pavattito catudhā bhedo hoti. Tasmā cattāro satipaṭṭhānāti vuccanti.
820已對照

八百二十、[人們]以此精勤,故為「勤(padhāna)」。美好的勤,[是]正勤。或者,[人們]以此正確地精勤,故為「正勤」。或者,它由於離於煩惱的醜陋之性而為美好,又由於能成辦利益與安樂而帶來最勝之性、由於是成為首要之因而為「首要(padhāna)」——故為「正勤」。這是精進的增語。它成辦已生、未生的諸不善的舍斷與不生起之作用,以及未生、已生的諸善的生起與住立之作用,所以有四種;因此稱為「四正勤」。

820. Padahanti etenāti padhānaṃ. Sobhanaṃ padhānaṃ sammappadhānaṃ. Sammā vā padahanti etenāti sammappadhānaṃ. Sobhanaṃ vā taṃ kilesavirūpattavirahato padhānañca hitasukhanipphādakattena seṭṭhabhāvāvahanato padhānabhāvakāraṇato cāti sammappadhānaṃ. Vīriyassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tayidaṃ uppannānuppannānaṃ akusalānaṃ pahānānuppattikiccaṃ anuppannuppannānañca kusalānaṃ uppattiṭṭhitikiccaṃ sādhayatīti catubbidhaṃ hoti, tasmā cattāro sammappadhānāti vuccanti.
821已對照

八百二十一、依前面所說的成就之義為「神(iddhi)」。它依前導之義是相應之神的足,依前分之因之義是作為果之神的足,[如是]是神的足,故為「神足」。它依欲等而有四種,所以稱為「四神足」。即如所說:「四神足:欲神足、心神足、精進神足、審察神足。」(《分別論》457)這些唯是出世間的。而世間的[神足],依「比丘若以欲為增上而得定、得心一境性,這稱為欲定」等語(《分別論》432),也是依欲等增上而獲得的諸法。

821. Pubbe vuttena ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhi. Tassā sampayuttāya pubbaṅgamaṭṭhena phalabhūtāya pubbabhāgakāraṇaṭṭhena ca iddhiyā pādoti iddhipādo. So chandādivasena catubbidho hoti, tasmā cattāro iddhipādāti vuccanti. Yathāha – ‘‘cattāro iddhipādā chandiddhipādo cittiddhipādo vīriyiddhipādo vīmaṃsiddhipādo’’ti (vibha. 457). Ime lokuttarāva. Lokiyā pana ‘‘chandañce bhikkhu adhipatiṃ karitvā labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassa ekaggataṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati chandasamādhī’’tiādivacanato (vibha. 432) chandādiadhipativasena paṭiladdhadhammāpi honti.
822已對照

八百二十二、由於勝過不信、懈怠、放逸、散亂、愚痴,依稱為「勝過」的增上之義為「根」;又由於不為不信等所勝過,依不可動搖之義為「力」。這兩者都依信等而有五種,所以稱為「五根、五力」。

822. Assaddhiyakosajjapamādavikkhepasammohānaṃ abhibhavanato abhibhavanasaṅkhātena adhipatiyaṭṭhena indriyaṃ. Assaddhiyādīhi ca anabhibhavanīyato akampiyaṭṭhena balaṃ. Tadubhayampi saddhādivasena pañcavidhaṃ hoti, tasmā pañcindriyāni pañca balānīti vuccanti.
823已對照

八百二十三、而念等七[法],由於是能覺悟的眾生之支,[為]七覺支;又依能導向出離之義,正見等八[法]是道支。因此說「七覺支、八支聖道」。

823. Bujjhanakasattassa pana aṅgabhāvena satiādayo satta bojjhaṅgā. Niyyānikaṭṭhena ca sammādiṭṭhiādayo aṭṭha maggaṅgā honti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘satta bojjhaṅgā ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’’ti.
824緬 2.320已對照

八百二十四、如是,這三十七菩提分法,在前分世間觀轉起之時:對以十四種[方式]攝受身者,是身隨觀念處;對以九種[方式]攝受[諸]受者,是受隨觀念處;對以十六種[方式]攝受心者,是心隨觀念處;對以五種[方式]攝受諸法者,是法隨觀念處。見到在這一自體中[自己]從未生起、[卻]在他人身上已生起的不善,[想]:「這[不善]是在如何行道者身上生起的,我就不那樣行道,如是這[不善]便不會在我身上生起」,在為了它的不生起而努力之時,是第一正勤;見到自己已達現行的不善,在為了它的舍斷而努力之時,是第二[正勤];對為了生起在這一自體中從未生起的禪或觀而努力者,是第三[正勤];對一再生起已生起的[禪或觀]、令它不退失者,是第四正勤。以欲為主導而生起善之時,是欲神足。離邪語之時,是正語——如是,它們在種種心中獲得。而在這四智生起之時,它們在一心中獲得。在果的剎那,除了四正勤,獲得其餘三十三[法]。

824. Iti ime sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyadhammā pubbabhāge lokiyavipassanāya vattamānāya cuddasavidhena kāyaṃ pariggaṇhato ca kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ, navavidhena vedanaṃ pariggaṇhato ca vedanānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ, soḷasavidhena cittaṃ pariggaṇhato ca cittānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ, pañcavidhena dhamme pariggaṇhato ca dhammānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ. Imasmiṃ attabhāve anuppannapubbaṃ parassa uppannaṃ akusalaṃ disvā ‘‘yathā paṭipannassetaṃ uppannaṃ, na tathā paṭipajjissāmi evaṃ me etaṃ nuppajjissatī’’ti, tassa anuppādāya vāyamanakāle paṭhamaṃ sammappadhānaṃ. Attano samudācārappattaṃ akusalaṃ disvā tassa pahānāya vāyamanakāle dutiyaṃ. Imasmiṃ attabhāve anuppannapubbaṃ jhānaṃ vā vipassanaṃ vā uppādetuṃ vāyamantassa tatiyaṃ. Uppannaṃ yathā na parihāyati, evaṃ punappunaṃ uppādentassa catutthaṃ sammappadhānaṃ. Chandaṃ dhuraṃ katvā kusaluppādanakāle chandiddhipādo. Micchāvācāya viramaṇakāle sammāvācāti evaṃ nānācittesu labbhanti. Imesaṃ pana catunnaṃ ñāṇānaṃ uppattikāle ekacitte labbhanti. Phalakkhaṇe ṭhapetvā cattāro sammappadhāne avasesā tettiṃsa labbhanti.
825已對照

八百二十五、而這些[法]如是在一心中獲得時,唯一以涅槃為所緣的念,依成辦於身等上舍斷淨想等之作用,稱為「四念處」;唯一的精進,依成辦令未生的不生起等之作用,稱為「四正勤」。而在其餘的[法]中,沒有減少或增加。

825. Evaṃ ekacitte labbhamānesu cetesu ekāva nibbānārammaṇā sati kāyādīsu subhasaññādippahānakiccasādhanavasena cattāro satipaṭṭhānāti vuccati. Ekameva ca vīriyaṃ anuppannānaṃ anuppādādikiccasādhanavasena cattāro sammappadhānāti vuccati. Sesesu pana hāpanavaḍḍhanaṃ natthi.
826已對照

八百二十六、此外,於它們之中——

826. Apica tesu –
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九[法]是一種的,一[法]是兩種的,又[有]四種的、五種的,

Nava ekavidhā eko, dvedhātha catu pañcadhā;
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八種的以及九種的——如是它們成為六類。

Aṭṭhadhā navadhā ceva, iti chaddhā bhavanti te.
緬 2.321已對照

「九[法]是一種的」者:欲、心、喜、輕安、舍、思惟、語、業、命——這九[法]依欲神足等,唯是一種的,不歸入其他部分。「一[法]是兩種的」者:信依根、力而住立為兩種。「又[有]四種的、五種的」者:又另一[法]住立為四種,另一[法]住立為五種——此是其義。此中,定這一[法]依根、力、覺支、道支而住立為四種;慧依那四者以及神足的部分而為五種。「八種的以及九種的」者:另一[法]住立為八種,一[法]住立為九種——此是其義。念依四念處、根、力、覺支、道支而住立為八種;精進依四正勤、神足、根、力、覺支、道支而為九種。如是——

Nava ekavidhāti chando, cittaṃ, pīti, passaddhi, upekkhā, saṅkappo, vācā, kammanto, ājīvoti ime nava chandiddhipādādivasena ekavidhāva honti, na aññaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ bhajanti. Eko dvedhāti saddhā indriya, balavasena dvedhā ṭhitā. Atha catu pañcadhāti athañño eko catudhā, añño pañcadhā ṭhitoti attho. Tattha samādhi eko indriya, bala, bojjhaṅga, maggaṅgavasena catudhā ṭhito. Paññā tesañca catunnaṃ iddhipādakoṭṭhāsassa ca vasena pañcadhā. Aṭṭhadhā navadhā cevāti aparo eko aṭṭhadhā, eko navadhā ṭhitoti attho. Catusatipaṭṭhāna, indriya, bala, bojjhaṅga, maggaṅgavasena sati aṭṭhadhā ṭhitā. Catusammappadhāna, iddhipāda, indriya, bala, bojjhaṅga, maggaṅgavasena vīriyaṃ navadhāti. Evaṃ –
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這些菩提分[法]不相混同的唯有十四,

Cuddaseva asambhinnā, hontete bodhipakkhiyā;
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依部分是七種,依細分是三十七。

Koṭṭhāsato sattavidhā, sattatiṃsappabhedato.
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由於成辦各自的作用,也由於依自體而被說,

Sakiccanipphādanato, sarūpena ca vuttito;
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它們全都在聖道生起時生起。

Sabbeva ariyamaggassa, sambhave sambhavanti teti.
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如是,此中應了知菩提分圓滿之狀態。

Evaṃ tāvettha paripuṇṇabodhipakkhiyabhāvo jānitabbo.
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出起與力的結合論

Vuṭṭhānabalasamāyogakathā
827緬 2.322已對照

八百二十七、「出起與力的結合(vuṭṭhānabalasamāyogo)」者:即出起,以及力的結合。因為世間觀由於以相為所緣,又由於不根除作為轉起之因的集,既不從相出起,也不從轉起出起。種姓智由於不根除集,不從轉起出起;而由於以涅槃為所緣,從相出起——故是單方出起。因此[法將]說:「從外部出起、還轉的慧,是種姓智。」(《無礙解道》論母 1.10)同樣,「從生起還轉而躍入不生起,故為種姓;從轉起還轉……」(《無礙解道》1.59),一切應知。而這四智由於以無相為所緣,從相出起;由於根除集,從轉起出起——故是雙方出起。

因此說——

「怎樣說從雙方出起、還轉的慧是道中的智?

「在須陀洹道的剎那,依見之義,正見從邪見出起,從隨轉於它的諸煩惱與諸蘊出起,並從外部的一切相出起。因此說為:從雙方出起、還轉的慧是道中的智。依引發之義,正思惟從邪思惟……乃至……依攝持之義,正語從邪語[出起]。依等起之義,正業[從邪業出起]。依淨化之義,正命[從邪命出起]。依策勵之義,正精進[從邪精進出起]。依現起之義,正念[從邪念出起]。依不散亂之義,正定從邪定出起,從隨轉於它的諸煩惱與諸蘊出起,並從外部的一切相出起。因此說為『從雙方出起、還轉的慧是道中的智』。

「在斯陀含道的剎那,依見之義,正見……乃至……依不散亂之義,正定從粗的欲貪結、瞋結,從粗的欲貪隨眠、瞋隨眠出起……乃至……

「在阿那含道的剎那,依見之義,正見……乃至……依不散亂之義,正定從微細的欲貪結、瞋結,從微細的欲貪隨眠、瞋隨眠出起……乃至……

「在阿羅漢道的剎那,依見之義,正見……乃至……依不散亂之義,正定從色貪、無色貪、慢、掉舉、無明、慢隨眠、有貪隨眠、無明隨眠出起,從隨轉於它們的諸煩惱與諸蘊出起,並從外部的一切相出起。因此說為『從雙方出起、還轉的慧是道中的智』。」(《無礙解道》1.61)

827. Vuṭṭhānabalasamāyogoti vuṭṭhānañceva balasamāyogo ca. Lokiyavipassanā hi nimittārammaṇattā ceva pavattikāraṇassa ca samudayassa asamucchindanato neva nimittā na pavattā vuṭṭhāti. Gotrabhuñāṇaṃ samudayassa asamucchindanato pavattā na vuṭṭhāti. Nibbānārammaṇato pana nimittā vuṭṭhātīti ekato vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Tenāha ‘‘bahiddhāvuṭṭhānavivaṭṭane paññā gotrabhuñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. mātikā 1.10). Tathā ‘‘uppādā vivaṭṭitvā anuppādaṃ pakkhandatīti gotrabhu, pavattā vivaṭṭitvā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.59) sabbaṃ veditabbaṃ. Imāni pana cattāripi ñāṇāni animittārammaṇattā nimittato vuṭṭhahanti, samudayassa samucchindanato pavattā vuṭṭhahantīti dubhato vuṭṭhānāni honti.
Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Kathaṃ dubhato vuṭṭhānavivaṭṭane paññā magge ñāṇaṃ?
‘‘Sotāpattimaggakkhaṇe dassanaṭṭhena sammādiṭṭhi micchādiṭṭhiyā vuṭṭhāti, tadanuvattakakilesehi ca khandhehi ca vuṭṭhāti, bahiddhā ca sabbanimittehi vuṭṭhāti. Tena vuccati dubhato vuṭṭhānavivaṭṭane paññā magge ñāṇaṃ. Abhiniropanaṭṭhena sammāsaṅkappo micchāsaṅkappā…pe… pariggahaṭṭhena sammāvācā micchāvācāya. Samuṭṭhānaṭṭhena sammākammanto. Vodānaṭṭhena sammāājīvo. Paggahaṭṭhena sammāvāyāmo. Upaṭṭhānaṭṭhena sammāsati. Avikkhepaṭṭhena sammāsamādhi micchāsamādhito vuṭṭhāti, tadanuvattakakilesehi ca khandhehi ca vuṭṭhāti, bahiddhā ca sabbanimittehi vuṭṭhāti. Tena vuccati ‘dubhato vuṭṭhānavivaṭṭane paññā magge ñāṇa’nti.
‘‘Sakadāgāmimaggakkhaṇe dassanaṭṭhena sammādiṭṭhi…pe… avikkhepaṭṭhena sammāsamādhi oḷārikā kāmarāgasaṃyojanā paṭighasaṃyojanā oḷārikā kāmarāgānusayā paṭighānusayā vuṭṭhāti…pe….
‘‘Anāgāmimaggakkhaṇe dassanaṭṭhena sammādiṭṭhi…pe… avikkhepaṭṭhena sammāsamādhi anusahagatā kāmarāgasaṃyojanā paṭighasaṃyojanā anusahagatā kāmarāgānusayā paṭighānusayā vuṭṭhāti…pe….
‘‘Arahattamaggakkhaṇe dassanaṭṭhena sammādiṭṭhi…pe… avikkhepaṭṭhena sammāsamādhi rūparāgā arūparāgā mānā uddhaccā avijjāya mānānusayā bhavarāgānusayā avijjānusayā vuṭṭhāti, tadanuvattakakilesehi ca khandhehi ca vuṭṭhāti, bahiddhā ca sabbanimittehi vuṭṭhāti. Tena vuccati ‘dubhato vuṭṭhānavivaṭṭane paññā magge ñāṇa’’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.61).
828已對照

八百二十八、而在修習世間的八等至之時,止力較強;在修習無常隨觀等之時,觀力[較強];而在聖道的剎那,那些法依互不超越之義而雙運地轉起。所以在這四智中都有兩種力的結合。即如所說——

828. Lokiyānañca aṭṭhannaṃ samāpattīnaṃ bhāvanākāle samathabalaṃ adhikaṃ hoti. Aniccānupassanādīnaṃ bhāvanākāle vipassanābalaṃ. Ariyamaggakkhaṇe pana yuganaddhā te dhammā pavattanti aññamaññaṃ anativattanaṭṭhena. Tasmā imesu catūsupi ñāṇesu ubhayabalasamāyogo hoti. Yathāha –
緬 2.323已對照

「從與掉舉俱行的諸煩惱與諸蘊出起者,[其]心的一境性、不散亂,是以滅為行境的定;從與無明俱行的諸煩惱與諸蘊出起者,依隨觀之義,是以滅為行境的觀。如是,依出起之義,止與觀成為一味,成為雙運,互不超越。因此說:依出起之義雙運地修習止與觀。」(《無礙解道》2.5)

‘‘Uddhaccasahagatakilesehi ca khandhehi ca vuṭṭhahato cittassa ekaggatā avikkhepo samādhi nirodhagocaro, avijjāsahagatakilesehi ca khandhehi ca vuṭṭhahato anupassanaṭṭhena vipassanā nirodhagocarā. Iti vuṭṭhānaṭṭhena samathavipassanā ekarasā honti, yuganaddhā honti, aññamaññaṃ nātivattantīti. Tena vuccati vuṭṭhānaṭṭhena samathavipassanaṃ yuganaddhaṃ bhāvetī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 2.5).
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如是,此中應知出起與力的結合。

Evamettha vuṭṭhānabalasamāyogo veditabbo.
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應舍斷之法的舍斷論

Pahātabbadhammapahānakathā
829緬 2.324已對照

八百二十九、「凡由何[智]應舍斷的諸法,以及它們的舍斷」者:而在這四種智中,凡由何智應舍斷的諸法,也應了知它們的舍斷。因為這些[智]隨其所應,是稱為結、煩惱、邪性、世間法、慳、顛倒、系、不應行處、漏、暴流、軛、蓋、執取、取、隨眠、垢、不善業道、[不善]心生起的諸法的舍斷者。

此中,「結(saṃyojanāni)」者:由於把[此世的]諸蘊與[他世的]諸蘊、把業與果、或把眾生與苦結合起來,稱為色貪等十法。因為只要它們[存在],這些[蘊、果、苦]便不止息。此中又,色貪、無色貪、慢、掉舉、無明這五種,由於結縛在上[界]生出的蘊等,名為上分結;有身見、疑、戒禁取、欲貪、瞋這五種,由於結縛在下[界]生出的蘊等,名為下分結。

「煩惱(kilesā)」者:由於自身是雜染的,又使相應諸法成為雜染的,[即]貪、瞋、痴、慢、見、疑、昏沉、掉舉、無慚、無愧這十法。

「邪性(micchattā)」者:由於邪誤地轉起,[即]邪見、邪思惟、邪語、邪業、邪命、邪精進、邪念、邪定這八法;或者連同邪解脫與邪智,是十種。

「世間法(lokadhammā)」者:由於只要世間轉起,[它們]便是不止息之法,[即]得、不得、名聲、無名聲、樂、苦、毀、贊這八種。然而應知此處是依因之假說,以「世間法」之取而取了以得等為事的隨貪與以不得等為事的瞋。

「慳(macchariyāni)」者:即住處慳、家慳、利養慳、法慳、稱譽慳——以不能容忍在這些住處等上與他人共有的行相而轉起的五種慳。

「顛倒(vipallāsā)」者:即在正是無常、苦、無我、不淨的事物上,以「常、樂、我、淨」如是轉起的想顛倒、心顛倒、見顛倒這三種。

「系(ganthā)」者:由於繫縛名身與色身,[即]貪欲等四種。因為它們正是這樣被說的:貪欲身系、瞋恚身系、戒禁取身系、此諦執取身系。

「不應行處(agati)」者:是因欲、瞋、痴、怖畏而作不應作的、不作應作的之增語。因為那是聖者們所不應行的,所以被稱為「不應行處」。

「漏(āsavā)」者:這是欲貪、有貪、邪見、無明的增語——由於依所緣直到種姓[智]、[依處所]直到有頂而流;或由於猶如水從瓶的破孔[漏出],從未防護的諸門流出,依常漏洩之義;或由於流出輪迴之苦。

依於有海中拖拽之義與難以渡過之義,[稱為]「暴流」;由於不給予與所緣的分離和與苦的分離,[稱為]「軛」——也都正是它們的增語。

「蓋(nīvaraṇāni)」者:由於遮蔽、障蓋、覆藏心之義,[即]欲欲等五種。

「執取(parāmāso)」者:這是邪見的增語,由於[它]越過那各各法的自性,以從他處觸取不真實之自性的行相而轉起。

「取(upādānāni)」者:即在〈緣起的解說〉中以一切行相說過的欲取等四種。

「隨眠(anusayā)」者:依已達堅固之義,即如是所說的欲貪隨眠、瞋、慢、見、疑、有貪、無明隨眠——欲貪等七種。因為它們由於已達堅固,以一再作為欲貪等生起之因的方式而正在潛伏,所以是隨眠。

「垢(malā)」者:猶如油、眼膏、泥漿,由於自身不淨,又使他者成為不淨,[即]貪、瞋、痴三種。

「不善業道(akusalakammapathā)」者:由於是不善業、又是諸惡趣之道,[即]殺生、不與取、欲邪行、虛妄語、離間語、粗惡語、雜穢語、貪欲、瞋恚、邪見這十種。

「不善心生起(akusalacittuppādā)」者:即貪根的八種、瞋根的兩種、痴根的兩種,這十二種。

829. Ye yena pahātabbā dhammā, tesaṃ pahānañcāti imesu pana catūsu ñāṇesu ye dhammā yena ñāṇena pahātabbā, tesaṃ pahānañca jānitabbaṃ. Etāni hi yathāyogaṃ saṃyojanakilesamicchattalokadhammamacchariyavipallāsaganthaagatiāsavaoghayoganīvaraṇaparāmāsaupādānaanusayamalaakusalakammapathacittuppādasaṅkhātānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānakarāni.
Tattha saṃyojanānīti khandhehi khandhānaṃ phalena kammassa dukkhena vā sattānaṃ saṃyojakattā rūparāgādayo dasa dhammā vuccanti. Yāvañhi te, tāva etesaṃ anuparamoti. Tatrāpi rūparāgo arūparāgo māno uddhaccaṃ avijjāti ime pañca uddhaṃnibbattanakakhandhādisaṃyojakattā uddhaṃbhāgiyasaṃyojanāni nāma. Sakkāyadiṭṭhi vicikicchā sīlabbataparāmāso kāmarāgo paṭighoti ime pañca adhonibbattanakakhandhādisaṃyojakattā adhobhāgiyasaṃyojanāni nāma.
Kilesāti sayaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhattā sampayuttadhammānañca saṃkilesikattā lobho doso moho māno diṭṭhi vicikicchā thinaṃ uddhaccaṃ ahirikaṃ anottappanti ime dasa dhammā.
Micchattāti micchāpavattanato micchādiṭṭhi micchāsaṅkappo micchāvācā micchākammanto micchāājīvo micchāvāyāmo micchāsati micchāsamādhīti ime aṭṭha dhammā. Micchāvimuttimicchāñāṇehi vā saddhiṃ dasa.
Lokadhammāti lokappavattiyā sati anuparamadhammakattā lābho alābho yaso ayaso sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ nindā pasaṃsāti ime aṭṭha. Idha pana kāraṇopacārena lābhādivatthukassa anunayassa alābhādivatthukassa paṭighassa cetaṃ lokadhammaggahaṇena gahaṇaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ.
Macchariyānīti āvāsamacchariyaṃ kulamacchariyaṃ lābhamacchariyaṃ dhammamacchariyaṃ vaṇṇamacchariyanti imāsu āvāsādīsu aññesaṃ sādhāraṇabhāvaṃ asahanākārena pavattāni pañca macchariyāni.
Vipallāsāti aniccadukkhaanattaasubhesuyeva vatthūsu ‘‘niccaṃ sukhaṃ attā subha’’nti evaṃ pavatto saññāvipallāso cittavipallāso diṭṭhivipallāsoti ime tayo.
Ganthāti nāmakāyassa ceva rūpakāyassa ca ganthanato abhijjhādayo cattāro. Tathā hi te abhijjhā kāyagantho, byāpādo kāyagantho, sīlabbataparāmāso kāyagantho, idaṃsaccābhiniveso kāyagantho icceva vuttā.
Agatīti chandadosamohabhayehi akattabbakaraṇassa, kattabbākaraṇassa ca adhivacanaṃ. Tañhi ariyehi agantabbattā agatīti vuccati.
Āsavāti ārammaṇavasena āgotrabhuto, ābhavaggato ca savanā, asaṃvutehi vā dvārehi ghaṭachiddehi udakaṃ viya savanato niccapaggharaṇaṭṭhena saṃsāradukkhassa vā savanato kāmarāgabhavarāgamicchādiṭṭhiavijjānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
Bhavasāgare ākaḍḍhanaṭṭhena duruttaraṇaṭṭhena ca oghātipi, ārammaṇaviyogassa ceva dukkhaviyogassa ca appadānato yogātipi tesaññeva adhivacanaṃ.
Nīvaraṇānīti cittassa āvaraṇanīvaraṇapaṭicchādanaṭṭhena kāmacchandādayo pañca.
Parāmāsoti tassa tassa dhammassa sabhāvaṃ atikkamma parato abhūtaṃ sabhāvaṃ āmasanākārena pavattanato micchādiṭṭhiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
Upādānānīti sabbākārena paṭiccasamuppādaniddese vuttāni kāmupādānādīni cattāri.
Anusayāti thāmagataṭṭhena kāmarāgānusayo, paṭigha, māna, diṭṭhi, vicikicchā, bhavarāga, avijjānusayoti evaṃ vuttā kāmarāgādayo satta. Te hi thāmagatattā punappunaṃ kāmarāgādīnaṃ uppattihetubhāvena anusentiyevāti anusayā.
Malāti telañjanakalalaṃ viya sayañca asuddhattā, aññesañca asuddhabhāvakaraṇato lobhadosamohā tayo.
Akusalakammapathāti akusalakammabhāvena ceva duggatīnañca pathabhāvena pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṃ kāmesumicchācāro musāvādo pisuṇavācā pharusavācā samphappalāpo abhijjhā byāpādo micchādiṭṭhīti ime dasa.
Akusalacittuppādāti lobhamūlā aṭṭha dosamūlā dve mohamūlā dveti ime dvādasa.
830緬 2.326已對照

八百三十、如是,這些[智]隨其所應,是這些結等諸法的舍斷者。如何呢?首先在諸結中:有身見、疑、戒禁取,以及導向惡趣的欲貪與瞋,這五法是第一智所斷;其餘的欲貪與瞋,粗的是第二智所斷,細的是第三智所斷;色貪等五種全都唯是第四智所斷。而在以下各處,凡我們不以「唯(eva)」字作限定之處,在那各各處,凡我們說「為上位智所斷」的,應知那各各[法]是在已被前面諸智破除了導向惡趣等性質之後,才成為上位智所斷的。

在諸煩惱中,見與疑是第一智所斷;瞋是第三智所斷;貪、痴、慢、昏沉、掉舉、無慚、無愧是第四智所斷。

在諸邪性中,邪見、虛妄語、邪業、邪命,這些是第一智所斷;邪思惟、離間語、粗惡語,這些是第三智所斷——而此中應知「語」正是思;雜穢語、邪精進、邪念、邪定、邪解脫、邪智是第四智所斷。

在諸世間法中,瞋是第三智所斷,隨貪是第四智所斷;某些[師]說:對名聲與讚的隨貪是第四智所斷。諸慳唯是第一智所斷。

在諸顛倒中,於無常[執]為常、於無我[執]為我的想、心、見顛倒,以及於苦[執]為樂、於不淨[執]為淨的見顛倒,這些是第一智所斷;於不淨[執]為淨的想、心顛倒是第三智所斷;於苦[執]為樂的想、心顛倒是第四智所斷。

在諸系中,戒禁取身系與此諦執取身系是第一智所斷;瞋恚身系是第三智所斷;其餘一種是第四智所斷。

不應行處唯是第一智所斷。

在諸漏中,見漏是第一智所斷,欲漏是第三智所斷,其餘兩種是第四智所斷。在諸暴流與軛中也是這一方法。

在諸蓋中,疑蓋是第一智所斷;欲欲、瞋恚、追悔這三種是第三智所斷;昏沉睡眠與掉舉是第四智所斷。

執取唯是第一智所斷。

在諸取中,由於一切世間法依事欲都被說為「欲」,色貪與無色貪也落入欲取之中,所以它是第四智所斷;其餘[諸取]是第一智所斷。

在諸隨眠中,見隨眠與疑隨眠唯是第一智所斷;欲貪隨眠與瞋隨眠是第三智所斷;慢隨眠、有貪隨眠、無明隨眠是第四智所斷。

在諸垢中,瞋垢是第三智所斷,其餘[諸垢]是第四智所斷。

在諸不善業道中,殺生、不與取、[欲]邪行、虛妄語、邪見,這些是第一智所斷;離間語、粗惡語、瞋恚這三種是第三智所斷;雜穢語與貪欲是第四智所斷。

在諸不善心生起中,四種與見執相應的與一種與疑相應的,這五種唯是第一智所斷;兩種與瞋相應的是第三智所斷;其餘的是第四智所斷。

凡由某[智]所斷的,那就名為由那[智]應舍斷的。因此說:「如是,這些[智]隨其所應,是這些結等諸法的舍斷者。」

830. Iti etesaṃ saṃyojanādīnaṃ dhammānaṃ etāni yathāyogaṃ pahānakarāni. Kathaṃ? Saṃyojanesu tāva sakkāyadiṭṭhi vicikicchā sīlabbataparāmāso apāyagamanīyā ca kāmarāgapaṭighāti ete pañca dhammā paṭhamañāṇavajjhā, sesā kāmarāgapaṭighā oḷārikā dutiyañāṇavajjhā, sukhumā tatiyañāṇavajjhā, rūparāgādayo pañcapi catutthañāṇavajjhā eva. Paratopi ca yattha yattha evasaddena niyamaṃ na karissāma. Tattha tattha yaṃ yaṃ ‘‘upariñāṇavajjho’’ti vakkhāma, so so purimañāṇehi hatāpāyagamanīyādibhāvova hutvā upariñāṇavajjho hotīti veditabbo.
Kilesesu diṭṭhivicikicchā paṭhamañāṇavajjhā, doso tatiyañāṇavajjho, lobhamohamānathinauddhaccaahirikaanottappāni catutthañāṇavajjhāni.
Micchattesu micchādiṭṭhi musāvādo micchākammanto micchāājīvoti ime paṭhamañāṇavajjhā, micchāsaṅkappo pisuṇavācā pharusavācāti ime tatiyañāṇavajjhā, cetanāyeva cettha vācāti veditabbā. Samphappalāpamicchāvāyāmasatisamādhivimuttiñāṇāni catutthañāṇavajjhāni.
Lokadhammesu paṭigho tatiyañāṇavajjho, anunayo catutthañāṇavajjho, yase ca pasaṃsāya ca anunayo catutthañāṇavajjhoti eke. Macchariyāni paṭhamañāṇavajjhāneva.
Vipallāsesu anicce niccaṃ, anattani attāti ca saññācittadiṭṭhivipallāsā, dukkhe sukhaṃ, asubhe subhanti diṭṭhivipallāso cāti ime paṭhamañāṇavajjhā, asubhe subhanti saññācittavipallāsā tatiyañāṇavajjhā, dukkhe sukhanti saññācittavipallāsā catutthañāṇavajjhā.
Ganthesu sīlabbataparāmasaidaṃsaccābhinivesakāyaganthā paṭhamañāṇavajjhā, byāpādakāyagantho tatiyañāṇavajjho, itaro catutthañāṇavajjho.
Agati paṭhamañāṇavajjhāva.
Āsavesu diṭṭhāsavo paṭhamañāṇavajjho, kāmāsavo tatiyañāṇavajjho, itare dve catutthañāṇavajjhā. Oghayogesupi eseva nayo.
Nīvaraṇesu vicikicchānīvaraṇaṃ paṭhamañāṇavajjhaṃ, kāmacchando byāpādo kukkuccanti tīṇi tatiyañāṇavajjhāni, thinamiddhauddhaccāni catutthañāṇavajjhāni.
Parāmāso paṭhamañāṇavajjhova.
Upādānesu sabbesampi lokiyadhammānaṃ vatthukāmavasena kāmāti āgatattā rūpārūparāgopi kāmupādāne patati, tasmā taṃ catutthañāṇavajjhaṃ, sesāni paṭhamañāṇavajjhāni.
Anusayesu diṭṭhivicikicchānusayā paṭhamañāṇavajjhāva, kāmarāgapaṭighānusayā tatiyañāṇavajjhā, mānabhavarāgāvijjānusayā catutthañāṇavajjhā.
Malesu dosamalaṃ tatiyañāṇavajjhaṃ, itarāni catutthañāṇavajjhāni.
Akusalakammapathesu pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṃ micchācāro musāvādo micchādiṭṭhīti ime paṭhamañāṇavajjhā, pisuṇavācā pharusavācā byāpādoti tayo tatiyañāṇavajjhā, samphappalāpābhijjhā catutthañāṇavajjhā.
Akusalacittuppādesu cattāro diṭṭhigatasampayuttā vicikicchāsampayutto cāti pañca paṭhamañāṇavajjhāva, dve paṭighasampayuttā tatiyañāṇavajjhā, sesā catutthañāṇavajjhāti.
Yañca yena vajjhaṃ, taṃ tena pahātabbaṃ nāma. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘iti etesaṃ saṃyojanādīnaṃ dhammānaṃ etāni yathāyogaṃ pahānakarānī’’ti.
831緬 2.327已對照

八百三十一、那麼,這些[智]舍斷的是過去、未來的這些法,還是現在的[這些法]呢?此中又如何呢?若首先[說]是過去、未來的,便成了努力無果。為什麼呢?由於應舍斷的[法]不存在。若是現在的,同樣也是無果的,由於應舍斷的[法]與努力同時存在;並且會成為道的修習是有雜染的,或者諸煩惱是[與心]不相應的;而並沒有所謂與心不相應的現在煩惱。——這並不是[我們]獨有的詰責。因為正是在聖典中,說了「他舍斷煩惱:[是]舍斷過去的煩惱,舍斷未來的煩惱,[還是]舍斷現在的煩惱?」之後,又說了「若他舍斷過去的煩惱,那麼他是使已盡的盡、使已滅的滅、使已去的去、使已沒的沒;他舍斷那已不存在的過去」(《無礙解道》3.21),而以「他不捨斷過去的煩惱」加以否定。

831. Kiṃ panetāni ete dhamme atītānāgate pajahanti udāhu paccuppanneti. Kiṃ panettha yadi tāva atītānāgate, aphalo vāyāmo āpajjati. Kasmā? Pahātabbānaṃ natthitāya. Atha paccuppanne, tathāpi aphalo, vāyāmena saddhiṃ pahātabbānaṃ atthitāya, saṃkilesikā ca maggabhāvanā āpajjati, vippayuttatā vā kilesānaṃ, na ca paccuppannakileso cittavippayutto nāma atthīti. Nāyaṃ āveṇikā codanā. Pāḷiyaṃyeva hi ‘‘svāyaṃ kilese pajahati, atīte kilese pajahati, anāgate kilese pajahati, paccuppanne kilese pajahatī’’ti vatvā, puna ‘‘hañci atīte kilese pajahati, tenahi khīṇaṃ khepeti, niruddhaṃ nirodheti, vigataṃ vigameti, atthaṅgataṃ atthaṅgameti. Atītaṃ yaṃ natthi, taṃ pajahatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.21) ca vatvā, ‘‘na atīte kilese pajahatī’’ti paṭikkhittaṃ.
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同樣,說了「若他舍斷未來的煩惱,那麼他舍斷未生的,舍斷未生出的,舍斷未生起的,舍斷未顯現的;他舍斷那不存在的未來」之後,以「他不捨斷未來的煩惱」加以否定。

Tathā ‘‘hañci anāgate kilese pajahati, tenahi ajātaṃ pajahati, anibbattaṃ pajahati, anuppannaṃ pajahati, apātubhūtaṃ pajahati. Anāgataṃ yaṃ natthi, taṃ pajahatī’’ti ca vatvā, ‘‘na anāgate kilese pajahatī’’ti paṭikkhittaṃ.
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同樣,說了「若他舍斷現在的煩惱,那麼是染著者舍斷貪,瞋怒者[舍斷]瞋,愚痴者[舍斷]痴,被繫縛者[舍斷]慢,執取者[舍斷]見,陷於散亂者[舍斷]掉舉,未達決定者[舍斷]疑,已達堅固者舍斷隨眠;黑白諸法便成雙運而轉起,道的修習便成為有雜染的」之後,以「他不捨斷過去的煩惱,不[舍斷]未來的,不捨斷現在的煩惱」否定了一切;在「那麼就沒有道的修習,沒有果的作證,沒有煩惱的舍斷,沒有法現觀」這一問題的末尾,承認「並非沒有道的修習……乃至……沒有法現觀」,被問「如何呢?譬如什麼?」時,說了這[段話]——

Tathā ‘‘hañci paccuppanne kilese pajahati, tenahi ratto rāgaṃ pajahati. Duṭṭho dosaṃ, mūḷho mohaṃ, vinibaddho mānaṃ, parāmaṭṭho diṭṭhiṃ, vikkhepagato uddhaccaṃ, aniṭṭhaṅgato vicikicchaṃ, thāmagato anusayaṃ pajahati. Kaṇhasukkā dhammā yuganaddhāva vattanti. Saṃkilesikā maggabhāvanā hotī’’ti ca vatvā, ‘‘na atīte kilese pajahati, na anāgate, na paccuppanne kilese pajahatī’’ti sabbaṃ paṭikkhipitvā, ‘‘tenahi natthi maggabhāvanā, natthi phalasacchikiriyā, natthi kilesappahānaṃ, natthi dhammābhisamayo’’ti pañhāpariyosāne ‘‘na hi natthi maggabhāvanā…pe… natthi dhammābhisamayo’’ti paṭijānitvā ‘‘yathā kathaṃ viyā’’ti vutte idaṃ vuttaṃ –
緬 2.328已對照

「譬如一棵尚未結果的幼樹,有人在根部把它砍斷,那樹尚未結出的那些果,正是未生而不生,正是未生出而不生出,正是未生起而不生起,正是未顯現而不顯現;同樣,[知道]『生起是諸煩惱生出之因,生起是[其]緣』,於生起見到過患之後,心躍入於不生起;由於心躍入於不生起,那些會以積集為緣而生出的煩惱,正是未生而不生……乃至……正是未顯現而不顯現。如是,由因之滅而有苦之滅。轉起是因……乃至……相是因……乃至……積集是因……乃至……由於心躍入於不積集,那些會以積集為緣而生出的煩惱,正是未生……乃至……正是未顯現而不顯現。如是,由因之滅而有苦之滅。如是,有道的修習,有果的作證,有煩惱的舍斷,有法現觀。」(《無礙解道》3.21)

‘‘Seyyathāpi taruṇo rukkho ajātaphalo, tamenaṃ puriso mūle chindeyya, ye tassa rukkhassa ajātaphalā, te ajātāyeva na jāyanti, anibbattāyeva na nibbattanti, anuppannāyeva na uppajjanti, apātubhūtāyeva na pātubhavanti, evameva uppādo hetu uppādo paccayo kilesānaṃ nibbattiyāti uppāde ādīnavaṃ disvā anuppāde cittaṃ pakkhandati, anuppāde cittassa pakkhandattā ye āyūhanapaccayā kilesā nibbatteyyuṃ, te ajātāyeva na jāyanti…pe… apātubhūtāyeva na pātubhavanti, evaṃ hetunirodhā dukkhanirodho. Pavattaṃ hetu…pe… nimittaṃ hetu…pe… āyūhanā hetu…pe… anāyūhane cittassa pakkhandattā ye āyūhanapaccayā kilesā nibbatteyyuṃ, te ajātāyeva…pe… apātubhūtāyeva na pātubhavanti, evaṃ hetunirodhā dukkhanirodho. Evaṃ atthi maggabhāvanā, atthi phalasacchikiriyā, atthi kilesappahānaṃ, atthi dhammābhisamayo’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.21).
832已對照

八百三十二、以此顯明瞭什麼呢?顯明瞭得地諸煩惱的舍斷。那麼,得地的[諸煩惱]是過去、未來的,還是現在的呢?它們正名為得地已生。

832. Etena kiṃ dīpitaṃ hoti? Bhūmiladdhānaṃ kilesānaṃ pahānaṃ dīpitaṃ hoti. Bhūmiladdhā pana kiṃ atītānāgatā udāhu paccuppannāti. Bhūmiladdhuppannā eva nāma te.
833已對照

八百三十三、因為已生依現在、存在已去、作機會、得地,有多種區分。此中,一切稱為具足生、老、壞的,名為現在已生。領受了所緣之味而滅的、稱為領受已去的善與不善,以及歷經生等三[剎那]而滅的、稱為存在已去的其餘有為[法],名為存在已去已生。依「他先前所造的那些業」(《中部》3.248)等方式所說的業,雖是過去的,由於遮止了其他異熟、為自己的異熟作了機會而住立;而如是已作了機會的異熟,雖是未生的,由於在如是作了機會時必定生起——[二者]名為作機會已生。在那各各地中未被根除的不善,名為得地已生。

833. Uppannaṃ hi vattamānabhūtāpagatokāsakatabhūmiladdhavasena anekappabhedaṃ. Tattha sabbampi uppādajarābhaṅgasamaṅgisaṅkhātaṃ vattamānuppannaṃ nāma. Ārammaṇarasaṃ anubhavitvā niruddhaṃ anubhūtāpagatasaṅkhātaṃ kusalākusalaṃ uppādādittayaṃ anuppatvā niruddhaṃ bhūtāpagatasaṅkhātaṃ sesasaṅkhatañca bhūtāpagatuppannaṃ nāma. ‘‘Yānissa tāni pubbekatāni kammānī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.248) evamādinā nayena vuttaṃ kammaṃ atītampi samānaṃ aññaṃ vipākaṃ paṭibāhitvā attano vipākassokāsaṃ katvā ṭhitattā tathā katokāsañca vipākaṃ anuppannampi samānaṃ evaṃ kate okāse ekantena uppajjanato okāsakatuppannaṃ nāma. Tāsu tāsu bhūmīsu asamūhataṃ akusalaṃ bhūmiladdhuppannaṃ nāma.
834緬 2.329已對照

八百三十四、而此中應知地與得地的差異。因為「地」者:即成為觀之所緣的三地五蘊。所謂「得地」,即於那些蘊中堪於生起的煩惱之類;因為由它,那地才名為「已被得的」,所以[那煩惱之類]被稱為「得地」;而那並不是依所緣[而言]。因為若依所緣,諸煩惱也會緣一切過去、未來的[蘊],甚至緣諸漏盡者已被遍知的蘊而生起——如蘇隸耶長者(Soreyyaseṭṭhi)與難陀青年(Nandamāṇavaka)等[人]之緣大迦旃延與蓮華色等[人]的蘊[而生起煩惱]一般。而那[依所緣者]若名為「得地」,則由它之不可舍斷,便無人能捨斷有之根本了;故「得地」應依事而知。因為,未被觀所遍知的諸蘊於何處何處生起,便於那處那處、自其生起之時起,作為輪轉之根本的煩惱之類便潛伏於它們之中——那[煩惱之類]由未斷之義應知為「得地」。

834. Ettha ca bhūmiyā bhūmiladdhassa ca nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ. Bhūmīti hi vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā tebhūmakā pañcakkhandhā. Bhūmiladdhaṃ nāma tesu khandhesu uppattirahaṃ kilesajātaṃ. Tenahi sā bhūmi laddhā nāma hotīti tasmā bhūmiladdhanti vuccati, sā ca kho na ārammaṇavasena. Ārammaṇavasena hi sabbepi atītānāgate pariññātepi ca khīṇāsavānaṃ khandhe ārabbha kilesā uppajjanti mahākaccānauppalavaṇṇādīnaṃ khandhe ārabbha soreyyaseṭṭhi nandamāṇavakādīnaṃ viya. Yadi ca taṃ bhūmiladdhaṃ nāma siyā, tassa appaheyyato na koci bhavamūlaṃ pajaheyya. Vatthuvasena pana bhūmiladdhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Yattha yattha hi vipassanāya apariññātā khandhā uppajjanti, tattha tattha uppādato pabhuti tesu vaṭṭamūlaṃ kilesajātaṃ anuseti. Taṃ appahīnaṭṭhena bhūmiladdhanti veditabbaṃ.
835已對照

八百三十五、而此中,諸煩惱依未斷之義潛伏於某人的某些蘊中,對他而言,唯那些蘊是那些煩惱的事,不是屬於他人的蘊。又對潛伏於過去諸蘊中而未斷的諸煩惱而言,唯過去諸蘊是[其]事,不是其他[蘊]。於未來等也是這一方法。同樣,對潛伏於欲界諸蘊中而未斷的諸煩惱而言,唯欲界諸蘊是[其]事,不是其他[蘊]。於色界、無色界也是這一方法。然而在須陀洹等中,那各各聖者之諸蘊中的那各各輪轉根本的煩惱之類,已由那各各道所舍斷,對那各各[聖者]而言,那各各蘊由於不是那些已舍斷的各各輪轉根本煩惱的事,便不得「地」之稱。對凡夫而言,由於輪轉根本的諸煩惱全未舍斷,凡所造作的業,都是善或不善的。如是,以業與煩惱為緣,他的輪轉便轉動。不應說他的這輪轉根本唯在色蘊中,不在受蘊等中;或唯在識蘊中,不在色蘊等中。為什麼呢?由於無差別地潛伏於五蘊之中。

835. Tattha ca yassa yesu khandhesu appahīnaṭṭhena anusayitā kilesā, tassa te eva khandhā tesaṃ kilesānaṃ vatthu, na aññesaṃ santakā khandhā. Atītakkhandhesu ca appahīnānusayitānaṃ kilesānaṃ atītakkhandhāva vatthu, na itare. Esa nayo anāgatādīsu. Tathā kāmāvacarakkhandhesu appahīnānusayitānaṃ kilesānaṃ kāmāvacarakkhandhāva vatthu, na itare. Esa nayo rūpārūpāvacaresu. Sotāpannādīsu pana yassa yassa ariyapuggalassa khandhesu taṃ taṃ vaṭṭamūlaṃ kilesajātaṃ tena tena maggena pahīnaṃ, tassa tassa te te khandhā pahīnānaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ vaṭṭamūlakilesānaṃ avatthuto bhūmīti saṅkhaṃ na labhanti. Puthujjanassa sabbasova vaṭṭamūlakilesānaṃ appahīnattā yaṃkiñci kariyamānaṃ kammaṃ kusalaṃ akusalaṃ vā hoti. Iccassa kammakilesapaccayā vaṭṭaṃ vaṭṭati. Tassetaṃ vaṭṭamūlaṃ rūpakkhandheyeva, na vedanākkhandhādīsu. Viññāṇakkhandheyeva vā, na rūpakkhandhādīsūti na vattabbaṃ. Kasmā? Avisesena pañcasupi khandhesu anusayitattā.
836已對照

八百三十六、如何呢?猶如樹中的地味等。因為猶如一棵大樹,依止地面,依靠地味與水味,以它們為緣,以根、幹、枝、小枝、嫩葉、葉、花、果而增長,遍滿天空,直到劫末都以種子的相續延續樹的傳承而住立時,不應說那地味等唯在根中,不在乾等中……乃至……或唯在果中,不在根等中。為什麼呢?由於無差別地隨遍於一切根等之中。

836. Kathaṃ? Pathavīrasādi viya rukkhe. Yathā hi mahārukkhe pathavītalaṃ adhiṭṭhāya pathavīrasañca āporasañca nissāya tappaccayā mūlakhandhasākhapasākhapallavapalāsapupphaphalehi vaḍḍhitvā nabhaṃ pūretvā yāva kappāvasānā bījaparamparāya rukkhapaveṇiṃ santānayamāne ṭhite taṃ pathavīrasādi mūleyeva, na khandhādīsu…pe… phaleyeva vā, na mūlādīsūti na vattabbaṃ. Kasmā? Avisesena sabbesu mūlādīsu anugatattāti.
緬 2.330已對照

然而,猶如有人厭惡那同一棵樹的花、果等,在四方釘入名為「蛙刺」的毒刺,於是那樹被那毒的觸所觸,由於地味與水味耗盡,達到不再生產之法性,便不能再生出相續;同樣,厭惡諸蘊之轉起的良家子,猶如那人在樹的四方施毒,在自己的相續中開始四道的修習。於是他的那蘊相續,被那四道之毒的觸所觸,由於輪轉根本的諸煩惱全部耗盡,身業等一切業的區分都成為僅僅達於唯作之性的,達到未來不再生出再有之法性,便不能生出另一有的相續。唯由最後之識的滅,猶如無燃料之火,無取而般涅槃。如是應知地與得地的差異。

Yathā pana tasseva rukkhassa pupphaphalādīsu nibbinno koci puriso catūsu disāsu maṇḍūkakaṇṭakaṃ nāma visakaṇṭakaṃ ākoṭeyya, atha so rukkho tena visasamphassena phuṭṭho pathavīrasaāporasānaṃ pariyādiṇṇattā appasavanadhammataṃ āgamma puna santānaṃ nibbattetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya, evameva khandhapavattiyaṃ nibbinno kulaputto tassa purisassa catūsu disāsu rukkhe visayojanaṃ viya attano santāne catumaggabhāvanaṃ ārabhati. Athassa so khandhasantāno tena catumaggavisasamphassena sabbaso vaṭṭamūlakakilesānaṃ pariyādiṇṇattā kiriyabhāvamattaupagatakāyakammādisabbakammappabhedo hutvā āyatiṃ punabbhavānabhinibbattanadhammataṃ āgamma bhavantarasantānaṃ nibbattetuṃ na sakkoti. Kevalaṃ carimaviññāṇanirodhena nirindhano viya jātavedo anupādāno parinibbāyati, evaṃ bhūmiyā bhūmiladdhassa ca nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ.
837已對照

八百三十七、此外,另依現行、執取所緣、未鎮伏、未根除,已生有四種。此中,現在已生正是現行已生。而當所緣來到眼等的現前時,煩惱之類即使在前分不生起,正由於所緣已被執取,在後分必定生起,所以稱為執取所緣已生——猶如在迦利耶尼村乞食的大帝須長老因見異性之色而生起的煩惱之類。未以止與觀任何一種鎮伏的煩惱之類,即使尚未登上心相續,由於沒有遮止[其]生起的因,名為未鎮伏已生。而[煩惱之類]即使已依止觀鎮伏,由於未被聖道根除,未超越生起之法性,所以稱為未根除已生——猶如一位得八等至的長老在空中行走時,因聽到一個在開滿花之樹的園林中採花、以甜美聲音唱歌的女人的歌聲而生起的煩惱之類。應知這執取所緣、未鎮伏、未根除已生三種,都攝入於得地[已生]之中。

837. Apica aparampi samudācāraārammaṇādhiggahitaavikkhambhitaasamūhatavasena catubbidhaṃ uppannaṃ. Tattha vattamānuppannameva samudācāruppannaṃ. Cakkhādīnaṃ pana āpāthagate ārammaṇe pubbabhāge anuppajjamānampi kilesajātaṃ ārammaṇassa adhiggahitattā eva aparabhāge ekantena uppattito ārammaṇādhiggahituppannanti vuccati, kalyāṇigāme piṇḍāya carato mahātissattherassa visabhāgarūpadassanena uppannakilesajātaṃ viya. Samathavipassanānaṃ aññataravasena avikkhambhitaṃ kilesajātaṃ cittasantatimanārūḷhampi uppattinivārakassa hetuno abhāvā avikkhambhituppannaṃ nāma. Samathavipassanāvasena pana vikkhambhitampi ariyamaggena asamūhatattā uppattidhammataṃ anatītatāya asamūhatuppannanti vuccati, ākāsena gacchantassa aṭṭhasamāpattilābhino therassa kusumitarukkhe upavane pupphāni uccinantassa madhurena sarena gāyato mātugāmassa gītasavanena uppannakilesajātaṃ viya. Tividhampi cetaṃ ārammaṇādhiggahitāvikkhambhitaasamūhatuppannaṃ bhūmiladdheneva saṅgahaṃ gacchatīti veditabbaṃ.
838已對照

八百三十八、在如是所說區分的已生之中,凡稱為現在、存在已去、作機會、現行的這四種已生,由於不是道所斷的,[它]不是任何智所應舍斷的。而凡稱為得地、執取所緣、未鎮伏、未根除的已生,由於那各各世間與出世間之智生起時,破壞了它那已生之性,所以那一切都是應舍斷的。如是,此中應知:凡由何[智]應舍斷的諸法,以及它們的舍斷。

838. Iccetasmiṃ vuttappabhede uppanne yadetaṃ vattamānabhūtāpagatokāsakatasamudācārasaṅkhātaṃ catubbidhaṃ uppannaṃ, taṃ amaggavajjhattā kenacipi ñāṇena pahātabbaṃ na hoti. Yaṃ panetaṃ bhūmiladdhārammaṇādhiggahitaavikkhambhitaasamūhatasaṅkhātaṃ uppannaṃ, tassa taṃ uppannabhāvaṃ vināsayamānaṃ yasmā taṃ taṃ lokiyalokuttarañāṇaṃ uppajjati, tasmā taṃ sabbampi pahātabbaṃ hotīti. Evamettha ye yena pahātabbā dhammā, tesaṃ pahānañca jānitabbaṃ.
839已對照

遍知等的作用論

Pariññādikiccakathā
839.
緬 2.331已對照

八百三十九、

遍知等諸作用,凡在現觀之時所說的;

那一切都應依其自性而了知。

因為在諦現觀之時,這四種智的每一[智]於一剎那中,都被說有遍知、舍斷、作證、修習這遍知等四種作用;它們應依其自性而了知。因為這已由古師們說過——

「猶如燈不前不後,於一剎那中作四種作用:燒燈芯、破除黑暗、顯現光明、耗盡油;同樣,道智不前不後,於一剎那中現觀四諦:以遍知之現觀現觀苦,以舍斷之現觀現觀集,以修習之現觀現觀道,以作證之現觀現觀滅。這說的是什麼?以滅為所緣,而到達、見、通達四諦。」

這也已被說過:「諸比丘,凡見苦者,他也見苦集,也見苦滅,也見導至苦滅之道」(《相應部》5.1100),[此經]全部都應知。

另外也說:「具道者之智,這智是對苦之智,這智是對苦集之智,這智是對苦滅之智,這智是對導至苦滅之道之智。」(《分別論》794;《無礙解道》1.109)

此中,猶如燈燒燈芯,同樣,道智遍知苦;猶如[燈]破除黑暗,同樣,[道智]舍斷集;猶如[燈]顯現光明,同樣,[道智]依俱生等緣性,修習稱為正思惟等法的道;猶如[燈]耗盡油,同樣,[道智]作證作為煩惱之耗盡的滅——如是應知譬喻的配合。

Kiccāni pariññādīni, yāni vuttāni abhisamayakāle;
Tāni ca yathāsabhāvena, jānitabbāni sabbānīti.
Saccābhisamayakālaṃ hi etesu catūsu ñāṇesu ekekassa ekakkhaṇe pariññā pahānaṃ sacchikiriyā bhāvanāti etāni pariññādīni cattāri kiccāni vuttāni, tāni yathāsabhāvena jānitabbāni. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ porāṇehi –
‘‘Yathā padīpo apubbaṃ acarimaṃ ekakkhaṇe cattāri kiccāni karoti, vaṭṭiṃ jhāpeti, andhakāraṃ vidhamati, ālokaṃ parividaṃseti, sinehaṃ pariyādiyati, evameva maggañāṇaṃ apubbaṃ acarimaṃ ekakkhaṇe cattāri saccāni abhisameti, dukkhaṃ pariññābhisamayena abhisameti, samudayaṃ pahānābhisamayena abhisameti, maggaṃ bhāvanābhisamayena abhisameti, nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayena abhisameti. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Nirodhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karitvā cattāripi saccāni pāpuṇāti passati paṭivijjhatī’’ti.
Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘yo, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ passati, dukkhasamudayampi so passati, dukkhanirodhampi passati, dukkhanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadampi passatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1100) sabbaṃ veditabbaṃ.
Aparampi vuttaṃ ‘‘maggasamaṅgissa ñāṇaṃ, dukkhepetaṃ ñāṇaṃ, dukkhasamudayepetaṃ ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhepetaṃ ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāyapetaṃ ñāṇa’’nti (vibha. 794; paṭi. ma. 1.109).
Tattha yathā padīpo vaṭṭiṃ jhāpeti, evaṃ maggañāṇaṃ dukkhaṃ parijānāti. Yathā andhakāraṃ vidhamati, evaṃ samudayaṃ pajahati. Yathā ālokaṃ parividaṃseti, evaṃ sahajātādipaccayatāya sammāsaṅkappādidhammasaṅkhātaṃ maggaṃ bhāveti. Yathā sinehaṃ pariyādiyati, evaṃ kilesapariyādānaṃ nirodhaṃ sacchikarotīti evaṃ upamāsaṃsandanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
840緬 2.332已對照

八百四十、另一理趣:猶如太陽昇起時不前不後,隨[其]顯現同時作四種作用:照亮諸色、破除黑暗、顯示光明、止息寒冷;同樣,道智……乃至……以作證之現觀現觀滅。此處也是,猶如太陽照亮諸色,同樣,道智遍知苦;猶如[太陽]破除黑暗,同樣,[道智]舍斷集;猶如[太陽]顯示光明,同樣,[道智]依俱生等緣性修習道;猶如[太陽]止息寒冷,同樣,[道智]作證作為煩惱之安息的滅——如是應知譬喻的配合。

840. Aparo nayo – yathā sūriyo udayanto apubbaṃ acarimaṃ saha pātubhāvā cattāri kiccāni karoti, rūpagatāni obhāseti, andhakāraṃ vidhamati, ālokaṃ dasseti, sītaṃ paṭippassambheti, evameva maggañāṇaṃ…pe… nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayena abhisameti. Idhāpi yathā sūriyo rūpagatāni obhāseti, evaṃ maggañāṇaṃ dukkhaṃ parijānāti. Yathā andhakāraṃ vidhamati, evaṃ samudayaṃ pajahati. Yathā ālokaṃ dasseti, evaṃ sahajātādipaccayatāya maggaṃ bhāveti. Yathā sītaṃ paṭippassambheti, evaṃ kilesapaṭippassaddhiṃ nirodhaṃ sacchikarotīti evaṃ upamāsaṃsandanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
841已對照

八百四十一、另一理趣:猶如船不前不後,於一剎那中作四種作用:舍離此岸、截斷水流、運載貨物、抵達彼岸;同樣,道智……乃至……以作證之現觀現觀滅。此處也是,猶如船舍離此岸,同樣,道智遍知苦;猶如[船]截斷水流,同樣,[道智]舍斷集;猶如[船]運載貨物,同樣,[道智]依俱生等緣性修習道;猶如[船]抵達彼岸,同樣,[道智]作證作為彼岸的滅——如是應知譬喻的配合。

841. Aparo nayo – yathā nāvā apubbaṃ acarimaṃ ekakkhaṇe cattāri kiccāni karoti, orimatīraṃ pajahati, sotaṃ chindati, bhaṇḍaṃ vahati, pārimatīraṃ appeti, evameva maggañāṇaṃ…pe… nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayena abhisameti. Etthāpi yathā nāvā orimatīraṃ pajahati, evaṃ maggañāṇaṃ dukkhaṃ parijānāti. Yathā sotaṃ chindati, evaṃ samudayaṃ pajahati. Yathā bhaṇḍaṃ vahati, evaṃ sahajātādipaccayatāya maggaṃ bhāveti. Yathā pārimatīraṃ appeti, evaṃ pārimatīrabhūtaṃ nirodhaṃ sacchikarotīti evaṃ upamāsaṃsandanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
842已對照

八百四十二、而對這於諦現觀之時、於一剎那中依四種作用而智已轉起的[道]來說,以十六行相、依如實義,四種作用是唯一通達的。即如所說——

842. Evaṃ saccābhisamayakālasmiṃ ekakkhaṇe catunnaṃ kiccānaṃ vasena pavattañāṇassa panassa soḷasahākārehi tathaṭṭhena cattāri kiccāni ekapaṭivedhāni honti. Yathāha –
已對照

「如何依如實義,四種作用是唯一通達的?以十六行相、依如實義,四種作用是唯一通達的。苦的逼迫義、有為義、熱惱義、變易義、如實義;集的積聚義、因緣義、結縛義、障礙義、如實義;滅的出離義、遠離義、無為義、不死義、如實義;道的導出義、因義、見義、增上義、如實義。以這十六行相、依如實義,四諦被攝為一。凡被攝為一的,那是一性;凡是一性的,那以一智通達——所以四諦是唯一通達的。」(《無礙解道》2.11)

‘‘Kathaṃ tathaṭṭhena cattāri kiccāni ekapaṭivedhāni? Soḷasahi ākārehi tathaṭṭhena cattāri kiccāni ekapaṭivedhāni. Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho, saṅkhataṭṭho, santāpaṭṭho, vipariṇāmaṭṭho, tathaṭṭho. Samudayassa āyūhanaṭṭho, nidānaṭṭho, saṃyogaṭṭho, palibodhaṭṭho, tathaṭṭho. Nirodhassa nissaraṇaṭṭho, vivekaṭṭho, asaṅkhataṭṭho, amataṭṭho, tathaṭṭho. Maggassa niyyānaṭṭho, hetuṭṭho, dassanaṭṭho, adhipateyyaṭṭho, tathaṭṭho. Imehi soḷasahi ākārehi tathaṭṭhena cattāri saccāni ekasaṅgahitāni. Yaṃ ekasaṅgahitaṃ, taṃ ekattaṃ. Yaṃ ekattaṃ, taṃ ekena ñāṇena paṭivijjhatīti cattāri saccāni ekapaṭivedhānī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 2.11).
843緬 2.333已對照

八百四十三、此中或有[人問]:既然苦等也有病、癰等其他的義,那麼為什麼只說了四[義]呢?對此我們說:由於依見其他諦而顯現之故。因為依「此中,什麼是對苦之智?緣苦而生起的慧、了知……」等(《分別論》794;《無礙解道》1.109)方式,也依以各一諦為所緣而說了諦智;依「諸比丘,凡見苦者,他也見集」等(《相應部》5.1100)方式,也依以一諦為所緣、而於其餘[諸諦]上成辦作用而說了[諦智]。

843. Tattha siyā yadā dukkhādīnaṃ aññepi rogagaṇḍādayo atthā atthi, atha kasmā cattāroyeva vuttāti. Ettha vadāma, aññasaccadassanavasena āvibhāvato. ‘‘Tattha katamaṃ dukkhe ñāṇaṃ? Dukkhaṃ ārabbha yā uppajjati paññā pajānanā’’tiādinā (vibha. 794; paṭi. ma. 1.109) hi nayena ekekasaccārammaṇavasenāpi saccañāṇaṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Yo, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ passati, samudayampi so passatī’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 5.1100) nayena ekaṃ saccaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā sesesupi kiccanipphattivasenāpi vuttaṃ.
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此中,當[智]以各一諦為所緣時,首先,對於依自性以逼迫為相的苦,由於它被以積聚為相的集所積聚、所造作、所堆積,所以由見集,它的那有為義便顯現;又由於道除去煩惱的熱惱、極為清涼,所以由見道,它的熱惱義便顯現——猶如具壽難陀由見天女而[顯出]那美女(sundarī)的不美;而由見不變易之法的滅,它的變易義便顯現——此中[這一點]就不必說了。

Tattha yadā ekekaṃ saccaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti, tadā samudayadassanena tāva sabhāvato pīḷanalakkhaṇassāpi dukkhassa, yasmā taṃ āyūhanalakkhaṇena samudayena āyūhitaṃ saṅkhataṃ rāsikataṃ, tasmāssa so saṅkhataṭṭho āvibhavati. Yasmā pana maggo kilesasantāpaharo susītalo, tasmāssa maggassa dassanena santāpaṭṭho āvibhavati āyasmato nandassa accharādassanena sundariyā anabhirūpabhāvo viya. Avipariṇāmadhammassa pana nirodhassa dassanenassa vipariṇāmaṭṭho āvibhavatīti vattabbamevettha natthi.
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同樣,對於依自性以積聚為相的集,由見苦,[它的]因緣義便顯現——猶如由見因不適宜的飲食而生起的病,[顯出]那飲食是病的因緣;由見作為離系的滅,[顯現]結縛義;由見作為導出的道,[顯現]障礙義。

Tathā sabhāvato āyūhanalakkhaṇassāpi samudayassa, dukkhadassanena nidānaṭṭho āvibhavati asappāyabhojanato uppannabyādhidassanena bhojanassa byādhinidānabhāvo viya. Visaṃyogabhūtassa nirodhassa dassanena saṃyogaṭṭho. Niyyānabhūtassa ca maggassa dassanena palibodhaṭṭhoti.
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同樣,對於以出離為相的滅,由見作為非遠離的集,[它的]遠離義便顯現;由見道,[顯現]無為義——因為這[行者]在無始的輪迴中從未見過道,而那[道]也由於有緣,仍是有為的,所以無緣之法的無為性便極為明顯;而由見苦,它的不死義便顯現,因為苦是毒,涅槃是不死。

Tathā nissaraṇalakkhaṇassāpi nirodhassa, avivekabhūtassa samudayassa dassanena vivekaṭṭho āvibhavati. Maggadassanena asaṅkhataṭṭho, iminā hi anamataggasaṃsāre maggo nadiṭṭhapubbo, sopi ca sappaccayattā saṅkhatoyevāti appaccayadhammassa asaṅkhatabhāvo ativiya pākaṭo hoti. Dukkhadassanena panassa amataṭṭho āvibhavati, dukkhaṃ hi visaṃ, amataṃ nibbānanti.
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同樣,對於以導出為相的道,由見集,[知道]「這不是證得涅槃之因,這才是因」,[它的]因義便顯現;由見滅,[顯現]見義——猶如見到極微細諸色的人[想]「我的眼真是明淨啊」,[顯出]眼的明淨;由見苦,[顯現]增上義——猶如由見眾多病苦、困頓、可憐之人,[顯出]自在者的尊貴。如是,此中依自相[顯現]各一[義],又依見其他諦[顯現]其餘各三[義],所以對每一[諦]都說了各四種義。而在道的剎那,這一切義都唯由一個於苦等具四種作用的智而達於通達。至於那些主張各別現觀的人,對他們的回答已在阿毗達摩的《論事》中說過了。

Tathā niyyānalakkhaṇassāpi maggassa, samudayadassanena ‘‘nāyaṃ hetu nibbānassa pattiyā, ayaṃ hetū’’ti hetuṭṭho āvibhavati. Nirodhadassanena dassanaṭṭho, paramasukhumāni rūpāni passato ‘‘vippasannaṃ vata me cakkhū’’nti cakkhussa vippasannabhāvo viya. Dukkhadassanena adhipateyyaṭṭho, anekarogāturakapaṇajanadassanena issarajanassa uḷārabhāvo viyāti evamettha salakkhaṇavasena ekekassa, aññasaccadassanavasena ca itaresaṃ tiṇṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ āvibhāvato ekekassa cattāro cattāro atthā vuttā. Maggakkhaṇe pana sabbe cete atthā ekeneva dukkhādīsu catukiccena ñāṇena paṭivedhaṃ gacchantīti. Ye pana nānābhisamayaṃ icchanti, tesaṃ uttaraṃ abhidhamme kathāvatthusmiṃ vuttameva.
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遍知等的分類論

Pariññādippabhedakathā
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八百四十四、現在,在所說的那遍知等四種作用之中——

844. Idāni yāni tāni pariññādīni cattāri kiccāni vuttāni, tesu –
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遍知有三種,舍斷與作證也如是;

Tividhā hoti pariññā, tathā pahānampi sacchikiriyāpi;
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修習被認許為兩種:於此應知[其]抉擇。

Dve bhāvanā abhimatā, vinicchayo tattha ñātabbo.
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八百四十五、「遍知有三種」者:即知遍知、度遍知、斷遍知,如是遍知有三種。此中,以「證知之慧依已知義是智」(《無礙解道》論母 1.20)如是標舉之後,以「凡被證知的諸法,那些法都是已知的」(《無礙解道》1.75)如是略說,以「諸比丘,一切應證知。諸比丘,什麼是應證知的一切?諸比丘,眼應證知」等(《無礙解道》1.2)方式廣說的,名為知遍知。它不共的地,是對名色及其緣的證知。

845. Tividhā hoti pariññāti ñātapariññā tīraṇapariññā pahānapariññāti evaṃ pariññā tividhā hoti. Tattha ‘‘abhiññāpaññā ñātaṭṭhena ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. mātikā 1.20) evaṃ uddisitvā ‘‘ye ye dhammā abhiññātā honti, te te dhammā ñātā hontī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.75) evaṃ saṅkhepato, ‘‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, abhiññeyyaṃ. Kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ abhiññeyyaṃ? Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, abhiññeyya’’ntiādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.2) nayena vitthārato vuttā ñātapariññā nāma. Tassā sappaccayanāmarūpābhijānanā āveṇikā bhūmi.
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八百四十六、而以「遍知之慧依審度義是智」(《無礙解道》論母 1.21)如是標舉之後,以「凡被遍知的諸法,那些法都是已審度的」(《無礙解道》1.75)如是略說,以「諸比丘,一切應遍知。諸比丘,什麼是應遍知的一切?諸比丘,眼應遍知」等(《無礙解道》1.21)方式廣說的,名為度遍知。依「無常、苦、無我」而審度地轉起的它,從聚思擇起直到隨順[智]為止,是[它]不共的地。

846. ‘‘Pariññāpaññā tīraṇaṭṭhena ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. mātikā 1.21) evaṃ uddisitvā pana ‘‘ye ye dhammā pariññātā honti, te te dhammā tīritā hontī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.75) evaṃ saṅkhepato, ‘‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, pariññeyyaṃ. Kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ pariññeyyaṃ? Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, pariññeyya’’ntiādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.21) nayena vitthārato vuttā tīraṇapariññā nāma. Tassā kalāpasammasanato paṭṭhāya aniccaṃ dukkhamanattāti tīraṇavasena pavattamānāya yāva anulomā āveṇikā bhūmi.
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八百四十七、而以「舍斷之慧依捨棄義是智」(《無礙解道》論母 1.22)如是標舉之後,以「凡已舍斷的諸法,那些法都是已捨棄的」(《無礙解道》1.75)如是廣說的、依「以無常隨觀舍斷常想」等方式而轉起的,是斷遍知。它的地從壞滅隨觀起直到道智為止;此處所意指的是這[斷遍知]。

847. ‘‘Pahānapaññā pariccāgaṭṭhena ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. mātikā 1.22) evaṃ pana uddisitvā ‘‘ye ye dhammā pahīnā honti, te te dhammā pariccattā hontī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.75) evaṃ vitthārato vuttā ‘‘aniccānupassanāya niccasaññaṃ pajahatī’’tiādinayappavattā pahānapariññā. Tassā bhaṅgānupassanato paṭṭhāya yāva maggañāṇā bhūmi, ayaṃ idha adhippetā.
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或者,由於知遍知與度遍知也都正是為了那[斷遍知],又由於凡所舍斷的諸法,必定已被知、已被審度,所以應知依這一理趣,三種遍知也都是道智的作用。

Yasmā vā ñātatīraṇapariññāyopi tadatthāyeva, yasmā ca ye dhamme pajahati, te niyamato ñātā ceva tīritā ca honti, tasmā pariññāttayampi iminā pariyāyena maggañāṇassa kiccanti veditabbaṃ.
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八百四十八、「舍斷也如是」者:因為舍斷也如遍知一樣,正是三種:鎮伏舍斷、彼分舍斷、正斷舍斷。此中,猶如投入有苔之水中的水瓶[排開]苔蘚,以各各世間定對蓋等敵對之法的鎮伏——這名為「鎮伏舍斷」。然而在聖典中,以「修初禪者,有對諸蓋的鎮伏舍斷」(《無礙解道》1.24)只說了對諸蓋的鎮伏,應知那是由於[它]明顯而說的。因為諸蓋在禪的前分與後分都不會驟然侵襲心,而尋等則唯在安止之剎那[才不侵襲]。所以對諸蓋的鎮伏是明顯的。

848. Tathā pahānampīti pahānampi hi vikkhambhanappahānaṃ tadaṅgappahānaṃ samucchedappahānanti pariññā viya tividhameva hoti. Tattha yaṃ sasevāle udake pakkhittena ghaṭena sevālassa viya tena tena lokiyasamādhinā nīvaraṇādīnaṃ paccanīkadhammānaṃ vikkhambhanaṃ, idaṃ vikkhambhanappahānaṃ nāma. Pāḷiyaṃ pana ‘‘vikkhambhanappahānañca nīvaraṇānaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ bhāvayato’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.24) nīvaraṇānaññeva vikkhambhanaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ pākaṭattā vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Nīvaraṇāni hi jhānassa pubbabhāgepi pacchābhāgepi na sahasā cittaṃ ajjhottharanti, vitakkādayo appitakkhaṇeyeva. Tasmā nīvaraṇānaṃ vikkhambhanaṃ pākaṭaṃ.
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八百四十九、而猶如於夜間以燃亮的燈[舍斷]黑暗,以各各作為觀之支分的智支,正依對治之力,對各各所應舍斷之法的舍斷——這名為「彼分舍斷」。即:首先以名色限定對有身見的,以緣攝受對無因見、不正因見以及疑垢的,以聚思擇對「我、我的」之聚執的,以道非道差別對於非道作道想的,以見生起對斷見的,以見滅去對常見的,以怖畏現起對於有怖畏者作無怖畏想的,以見過患對味著想的,以厭離隨觀對喜樂想的,以欲解脫對不欲解脫之狀的,以省思對不省思的,以舍對不捨的,以隨順對違逆諦之執的舍斷。

849. Yaṃ pana rattibhāge samujjalitena padīpena andhakārassa viya tena tena vipassanāya avayavabhūtena ñāṇaṅgena paṭipakkhavaseneva tassa tassa pahātabbadhammassa pahānaṃ, idaṃ tadaṅgappahānaṃ nāma. Seyyathidaṃ – nāmarūpaparicchedena tāva sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā. Paccayapariggahena ahetuvisamahetudiṭṭhiyā ceva kaṅkhāmalassa ca. Kalāpasammasanena ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti samūhagāhassa. Maggāmaggavavatthānena amagge maggasaññāya. Udayadassanena ucchedadiṭṭhiyā. Vayadassanena sassatadiṭṭhiyā. Bhayatupaṭṭhānena sabhaye abhayasaññāya. Ādīnavadassanena assādasaññāya. Nibbidānupassanena abhiratisaññāya. Muñcitukamyatāya amuñcitukāmabhāvassa. Paṭisaṅkhānena appaṭisaṅkhānassa. Upekkhāya anupekkhanassa. Anulomena saccapaṭilomagāhassa pahānaṃ.
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或者,在十八大觀中,以無常隨觀對常想的,以苦隨觀對樂想的,以無我隨觀對我想的,以厭離隨觀對歡喜的,以離貪隨觀對貪的,以滅隨觀對集起的,以舍離隨觀對執取的,以盡隨觀對堅厚想的,以滅去隨觀對積集的,以變易隨觀對常恆想的,以無相隨觀對相的,以無願隨觀對願求的,以空隨觀對執著的,以增上慧法觀對取實執著的,以如實智見對迷妄執著的,以過患隨觀對愛著之執著的,以省思隨觀對不省思的,以還滅隨觀對結合之執著的舍斷——這也正是彼分舍斷。

Yaṃ vā pana aṭṭhārasasu mahāvipassanāsu aniccānupassanāya niccasaññāya. Dukkhānupassanāya sukhasaññāya. Anattānupassanāya attasaññāya. Nibbidānupassanāya nandiyā. Virāgānupassanāya rāgassa. Nirodhānupassanāya samudayassa. Paṭinissaggānupassanāya ādānassa. Khayānupassanāya ghanasaññāya. Vayānupassanāya āyūhanassa. Vipariṇāmānupassanāya dhuvasaññāya. Animittānupassanāya nimittassa. Appaṇihitānupassanāya paṇidhiyā. Suññatānupassanāya abhinivesassa. Adhipaññādhammavipassanāya sārādānābhinivesassa. Yathābhūtañāṇadassanena sammohābhinivesassa. Ādīnavānupassanāya ālayābhinivesassa. Paṭisaṅkhānupassanāya appaṭisaṅkhāya. Vivaṭṭānupassanāya saṃyogābhinivesassa pahānaṃ. Idampi tadaṅgappahānameva.
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八百五十、此中,以無常隨觀等七[隨觀]對常想等的舍斷是如何[成就]的,那已在壞滅隨觀中說過了。

而「盡隨觀(khayānupassanā)」者:即作了密集的分解之後,依「以盡之義為無常」如是見盡者的智。由它而有堅厚想的舍斷。

「滅去隨觀(vayānupassanā)」者:即——

依所緣的類推,兩者為同一差別;

於滅的勝解,[即]滅去相之觀。——

如是所說的,[即]依現見與類推見到諸行的壞滅之後,於那正稱為壞滅的滅的勝解;由它而有積集的舍斷。因為為了那些[東西]而會去積集的,[行者]觀察「它們是如是滅去之法」時,心便不傾向於積集。

「變易隨觀(vipariṇāmānupassanā)」者:即依色七法等,越過那各各界限而見[其]以另一種方式轉起。或者,對已生者依老與死兩種行相見其變易;由它而有常恆想的舍斷。

「無相隨觀(animittānupassanā)」者:即無常隨觀;由它而有常相的舍斷。

「無願隨觀(appaṇihitānupassanā)」者:即苦隨觀;由它而有對樂的願求、對樂的希求的舍斷。

「空隨觀(suññatānupassanā)」者:即無我隨觀;由它而有「有我」之執著的舍斷。

「增上慧法觀(adhipaññādhammavipassanā)」者:即——

「省思所緣之後,又隨觀壞滅;

以及現起為空——[這是]增上慧觀。」——

如是所說的,[即]了知色等所緣之後,見到那所緣與以它為所緣的心的壞滅,依壞滅而把握空性——「唯是諸行在破壞,是諸行的死,並沒有其他任何[者]」——而轉起的觀。它既是增上慧,又是於諸法的觀,因此稱為「增上慧法觀」;由於以它善見了常之堅實的無有與我之堅實的無有,而有取實執著的舍斷。

「如實智見(yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ)」者:即對名色及其緣的攝受;由它而有依「我在過去世曾存在嗎?」等、以及依「世界從自在天生成」等而轉起的迷妄執著的舍斷。

「過患隨觀(ādīnavānupassanā)」者:即依怖畏現起而生起的、於一切有等中見過患之智;由它,[由於]「看不到任何應依附的」,而有愛著之執著的舍斷。

「省思隨觀(paṭisaṅkhānupassanā)」者:即作解脫之方便的省思智;由它而有不省思的舍斷。

「還滅隨觀(vivaṭṭānupassanā)」者:即行舍[智]與隨順[智]。因為[前面]說過:那時他的心猶如稍傾斜的蓮葉上的水滴,從一切行退縮、退避、轉離。所以由它而有結合之執著的舍斷——即有欲之結合等煩惱執著的、[亦即]煩惱之轉起的舍斷,此是其義。如是應廣知彼分舍斷。然而在聖典中只簡略地說:「修決擇分之定者,有對諸見執的彼分舍斷。」(《無礙解道》1.24)

850. Tattha yathā aniccānupassanādīhi sattahi niccasaññādīnaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, taṃ bhaṅgānupassane vuttameva.
Khayānupassanāti pana ghanavinibbhogaṃ katvā aniccaṃ khayaṭṭhenāti evaṃ khayaṃ passato ñāṇaṃ. Tena ghanasaññāya pahānaṃ hoti.
Vayānupassanāti –
Ārammaṇānvayena, ubho ekavavatthānā;
Nirodhe adhimuttatā, vayalakkhaṇavipassanāti. –
Evaṃ vuttā paccakkhato ceva anvayato ca saṅkhārānaṃ bhaṅgaṃ disvā tasmiññeva bhaṅgasaṅkhāte nirodhe adhimuttatā, tāya āyūhanassa pahānaṃ hoti. Yesaṃ hi atthāya āyūheyya, ‘‘te evaṃ vayadhammā’’ti vipassato āyūhane cittaṃ na namati.
Vipariṇāmānupassanāti rūpasattakādivasena taṃ taṃ paricchedaṃ atikkamma aññathāpavattidassanaṃ. Uppannassa vā jarāya ceva maraṇena ca dvīhākārehi vipariṇāmadassanaṃ, tāya dhuvasaññāya pahānaṃ hoti.
Animittānupassanāti aniccānupassanāva, tāya niccanimittassa pahānaṃ hoti.
Appaṇihitānupassanāti dukkhānupassanāva, tāya sukhapaṇidhisukhapatthanāpahānaṃ hoti.
Suññatānupassanāti anattānupassanāva, tāya ‘‘atthi attā’’ti abhinivesassa pahānaṃ hoti.
Adhipaññādhammavipassanāti –
‘‘Ārammaṇañca paṭisaṅkhā, bhaṅgañca anupassati;
Suññato ca upaṭṭhānaṃ, adhipaññā vipassanā’’ti. –
Evaṃ vuttā rūpādiārammaṇaṃ jānitvā tassa ca ārammaṇassa tadārammaṇassa ca cittassa bhaṅgaṃ disvā ‘‘saṅkhārāva bhijjanti, saṅkhārānaṃ maraṇaṃ, na añño koci atthī’’ti bhaṅgavasena suññataṃ gahetvā pavattā vipassanā. Sā adhipaññā ca dhammesu ca vipassanāti katvā adhipaññādhammavipassanāti vuccati, tāya niccasārābhāvassa ca attasārābhāvassa ca suṭṭhu diṭṭhattā sārādānābhinivesassa pahānaṃ hoti.
Yathābhūtañāṇadassananti sappaccayanāmarūpapariggaho, tena ‘‘ahosiṃ nu kho ahaṃ atītamaddhāna’’ntiādivasena ceva, ‘‘issarato loko sambhotī’’tiādivasena ca pavattassa sammohābhinivesassa pahānaṃ hoti.
Ādīnavānupassanāti bhayatupaṭṭhānavasena uppannaṃ sabbabhavādīsu ādīnavadassanañāṇaṃ, tena ‘‘kiñci allīyitabbaṃ na dissatī’’ti ālayābhinivesassa pahānaṃ hoti.
Paṭisaṅkhānupassanāti muñcanassa upāyakaraṇaṃ paṭisaṅkhāñāṇaṃ, tena appaṭisaṅkhāya pahānaṃ hoti.
Vivaṭṭānupassanāti saṅkhārupekkhā ceva anulomañca. Tadā hissa cittaṃ īsakapoṇe padumapalāse udakabindu viya sabbasmā saṅkhāragatā patilīyati, patikuṭati, pativattatīti vuttaṃ. Tasmā tāya saṃyogābhinivesassa pahānaṃ hoti, kāmasaṃyogādikassa kilesābhinivesassa kilesappavattiyā pahānaṃ hotīti attho. Evaṃ vitthārato tadaṅgappahānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Pāḷiyaṃ pana ‘‘tadaṅgappahānañca diṭṭhigatānaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ samādhiṃ bhāvayato’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.24) saṅkhepeneva vuttaṃ.
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八百五十一、而猶如被雷輪所擊的樹,以聖道智[舍斷]結等諸法,使它們不再轉起——這樣的舍斷名為「正斷舍斷」。就它而說:「修導向滅盡的出世間道者,有正斷舍斷。」(《無礙解道》1.24)如是,在這三種舍斷中,此處所意指的唯是正斷舍斷。然而由於那瑜伽者在前分的鎮伏舍斷與彼分舍斷也都是為了那[正斷舍斷],所以應知依這一理趣,三種舍斷也都是道智的作用。因為對殺了敵王而得到王位者,凡在那之前所作的,也一切都被稱為「這個那個是國王所作的」。

851. Yaṃ pana asanivicakkābhihatassa rukkhassa viya ariyamaggañāṇena saṃyojanādīnaṃ dhammānaṃ yathā na puna pavatti, evaṃ pahānaṃ, idaṃ samucchedappahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘samucchedappahānañca lokuttaraṃ khayagāmimaggaṃ bhāvayato’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.24). Iti imesu tīsu pahānesu samucchedappahānameva idha adhippetaṃ. Yasmā pana tassa yogino pubbabhāge vikkhambhanatadaṅgappahānānipi tadatthāneva, tasmā pahānattayampi iminā pariyāyena maggañāṇassa kiccanti veditabbaṃ. Paṭirājānaṃ vadhitvā rajjaṃ pattena hi yampi tato pubbe kataṃ, sabbaṃ ‘‘idañcidañca raññā kata’’ntiyeva vuccati.
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八百五十二、「作證也[如是]」者:作證雖分為世間作證與出世間作證兩種,然而由於出世間的[作證]依見與修習而區分,所以是三種。此中,依「我是初禪的獲得者,是[於初禪]自在者,初禪已被我作證」等(《波羅夷》203-204)方式所說的、對初禪等的觸證,名為世間作證。「觸證(phassanā)」者:即證得之後,[知道]「這是我所證得的」,以現見的智觸而觸及。因為正是就這一義,以「作證之慧依觸證義是智」(《無礙解道》論母 1.24)標舉之後,以「凡被作證的諸法,那些法都是已被觸證的」(《無礙解道》1.75)說了作證的解說。

852. Sacchikiriyāpīti lokiyasacchikiriyā lokuttarasacchikiriyāti dvedhā bhinnāpi lokuttarāya dassanabhāvanāvasena bhedato tividhā hoti. Tattha ‘‘paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhīmhi, vasīmhi, paṭhamajjhānaṃ sacchikataṃ mayā’’tiādinā (pārā. 203-204) nayena āgatā paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ phassanā lokiyasacchikiriyā nāma. Phassanāti adhigantvā ‘‘idaṃ mayā adhigata’’nti paccakkhato ñāṇaphassena phusanā. Imameva hi atthaṃ sandhāya ‘‘sacchikiriyā paññā phassanaṭṭhe ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. mātikā 1.24) uddisitvā ‘‘ye ye dhammā sacchikatā honti, te te dhammā phassitā hontī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.75) sacchikiriyaniddeso vutto.
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此外,即使沒有在自己的相續中生起,凡僅以不依他緣的智所知的諸法,那些[法]也是已被作證的。正因如此才說:「諸比丘,一切應作證。諸比丘,什麼是應作證的一切?諸比丘,眼應作證」等(《無礙解道》1.29)。

Apica attano santāne anuppādetvāpi ye dhammā kevalaṃ aparappaccayena ñāṇena ñātā, te sacchikatā honti. Teneva hi ‘‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, sacchikātabbaṃ. Kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ sacchikātabbaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, sacchikātabba’’ntiādi (paṭi. ma. 1.29) vuttaṃ.
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另外也說:「見色而作證;受……乃至……見識而作證;眼……乃至……老死……乃至……見入於不死的涅槃而作證。凡被作證的諸法,那些法都是已被觸證的。」(《無礙解道》1.29)

Aparampi vuttaṃ ‘‘rūpaṃ passanto sacchikaroti. Vedanaṃ…pe… viññāṇaṃ passanto sacchikaroti. Cakkhuṃ…pe… jarāmaraṇaṃ…pe… amatogadhaṃ nibbānaṃ passanto sacchikarotīti. Ye ye dhammā sacchikatā honti, te te dhammā phassitā hontī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.29).
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而在初道的剎那,見涅槃是見的作證;在其餘諸道的剎那,是修習的作證。此處所意指的是這兩種。所以應知:依見與修習對涅槃的作證,是這智的作用。

Paṭhamamaggakkhaṇe pana nibbānadassanaṃ dassanasacchikiriyā. Sesamaggakkhaṇesu bhāvanāsacchikiriyāti. Sā duvidhāpi idha adhippetā. Tasmā dassanabhāvanāvasena nibbānassa sacchikiriyā imassa ñāṇassa kiccanti veditabbaṃ.
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八百五十三、「修習被認許為兩種」者:修習唯被認許為兩種:世間修習與出世間修習。此中,生起世間的戒、定、慧,並以它們熏習相續,是世間修習;生起出世間的[戒、定、慧],並以它們熏習相續,是出世間修習。在這兩者中,此處所意指的是出世間的。因為這四種智生起出世間的戒等;由於是它們的俱生緣等,又以它們熏習相續,所以出世間修習正是它的作用。

如是——

遍知等諸作用,凡在現觀之時所說的;

那一切都應依其自性而了知。

至此——

「有慧之人安住於戒,修習心與慧」——

為顯示在如是以自身之形被提出的慧的修習[之法]而說的「應由成就作為根的兩種清淨、[再]成就作為體的五種清淨者來修習」,那已被詳說了;而「應如何修習」這一問題也已被解答了。

853. Dve bhāvanā abhimatāti bhāvanā pana lokiyabhāvanā lokuttarabhāvanāti dveyeva abhimatā. Tattha lokiyānaṃ sīlasamādhipaññānaṃ uppādanaṃ, tāhi ca santānavāsanaṃ lokiyabhāvanā. Lokuttarānaṃ uppādanaṃ, tāhi ca santānavāsanaṃ lokuttarabhāvanā. Tāsu idha lokuttarā adhippetā. Lokuttarāni hi sīlādīni catubbidhampetaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppādeti. Tesaṃ sahajātapaccayāditāya tehi ca santānaṃ vāsetīti lokuttarabhāvanāvassa kiccanti.
Evaṃ –
Kiccāni pariññādīni, yāni vuttāni abhisamayakāle;
Tāni ca yathāsabhāvena, jānitabbāni sabbānīti.
Ettāvatā ca –
‘‘Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvaya’’nti. –
Evaṃ sarūpeneva ābhatāya paññābhāvanāya vidhānadassanatthaṃ yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘mūlabhūtā dve visuddhiyo sampādetvā sarīrabhūtā pañca visuddhiyo sampādentena bhāvetabbā’’ti, taṃ vitthāritaṃ hoti. Kathaṃ bhāvetabbāti ayañca pañho vissajjitoti.
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如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,

Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge
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于慧的修習之部,

Paññābhāvanādhikāre
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名為〈智見清淨的解說〉的

Ñāṇadassanavisuddhiniddeso nāma
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第二十二章[終]。

Bāvīsatimo paricchedo.