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清淨道論·行道智見清淨的解說 Paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhiniddeso

本經目錄二十一、行道智見清淨的解說離隨煩惱的生滅智論離隨煩惱的生滅智,終。壞滅隨觀智論壞滅隨觀智,終。怖畏現起智論怖畏現起智,終。過患隨觀智論過患隨觀智,終。厭離隨觀智論厭離隨觀智,終。欲解脫智論欲解脫智,終。省思隨觀智論省思隨觀智,終。行舍智論行舍智。七百九十七、而至此,他名為退縮而行者(patilīnacaro),就此而說——行舍智,終。隨順智論隨順智,終。至出起觀論如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,于慧的修習之部,名為〈行道智見清淨的解說〉的第二十一章[終]。

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二十一、行道智見清淨的解說

21. Paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhiniddeso
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離隨煩惱的生滅智論

Upakkilesavimuttaudayabbayañāṇakathā
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七百三十七、依八種智而達於頂點的觀,與第九隨順諦智(saccānulomikañāṇa)——這名為行道智見清淨。而此中「八種(aṭṭhannaṃ)」者:應知是這八種智,即:稱為離隨煩惱、已入於路之觀的生滅隨觀智,壞滅隨觀智,怖畏現起智,過患隨觀智,厭離隨觀智,欲解脫智,省思隨觀智,行舍智。「第九隨順諦智(navamaṃ saccānulomikañāṇaṃ)」者:這是隨順[智]的同義語。因此,想要成就它的人,應當以離隨煩惱的生滅智為首,致力於這些智。

737. Aṭṭhannaṃ pana ñāṇānaṃ vasena sikhāppattā vipassanā, navamañca saccānulomikañāṇanti ayaṃ paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhi nāma. Aṭṭhannanti cettha upakkilesavimuttaṃ vīthipaṭipannavipassanāsaṅkhātaṃ udayabbayānupassanāñāṇaṃ, bhaṅgānupassanāñāṇaṃ, bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ, ādīnavānupassanāñāṇaṃ, nibbidānupassanāñāṇaṃ, muñcitukamyatāñāṇaṃ, paṭisaṅkhānupassanāñāṇaṃ, saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇanti imāni aṭṭha ñāṇāni veditabbāni. Navamaṃ saccānulomikañāṇanti anulomassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tasmā taṃ sampādetukāmena upakkilesavimuttaṃ udayabbayañāṇaṃ ādiṃ katvā etesu ñāṇesu yogo karaṇīyo.
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七百三十八、若問:「為何又要於生滅智致力呢?」是為了觀察諸相。因為生滅智在前面被十種隨煩惱所染汙,未能依其如實的自味觀察三相;而離隨煩惱的[生滅智]則能夠。因此,為了觀察諸相,此處應當再度致力。

738. Puna udayabbayañāṇe yogo kimatthiyoti ce? Lakkhaṇasallakkhaṇattho. Udayabbayañāṇaṃ hi heṭṭhā dasahi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭhaṃ hutvā yāthāvasarasato tilakkhaṇaṃ sallakkhetuṃ nāsakkhi. Upakkilesavimuttaṃ pana sakkoti. Tasmā lakkhaṇasallakkhaṇatthamettha puna yogo karaṇīyo.
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七百三十九、那麼,諸相是由於不作意什麼、被什麼所覆蓋而不現起呢?首先,無常相由於不作意生滅、被相續所覆蓋而不現起;苦相由於不作意屢屢逼迫、被威儀所覆蓋而不現起;無我相由於不作意種種界的分解、被密集所覆蓋而不現起。而攝受了生滅、相續被破除之後,無常相便依其如實的自味而現起;作意了屢屢逼迫、威儀被揭除之後,苦相便依其如實的自味而現起;分解了種種界、作了密集的分解之後,無我相便依其如實的自味而現起。

739. Lakkhaṇāni pana kissa amanasikārā kena paṭicchannattā na upaṭṭhahanti? Aniccalakkhaṇaṃ tāva udayabbayānaṃ amanasikārā santatiyā paṭicchannattā na upaṭṭhāti. Dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ abhiṇhasampaṭipīḷanassa amanasikārā iriyāpathehi paṭicchannattā na upaṭṭhāti. Anattalakkhaṇaṃ nānādhātuvinibbhogassa amanasikārā ghanena paṭicchannattā na upaṭṭhāti. Udayabbayampana pariggahetvā santatiyā vikopitāya aniccalakkhaṇaṃ yāthāvasarasato upaṭṭhāti. Abhiṇhasampaṭipīḷanaṃ manasikatvā iriyāpathe ugghāṭite dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ yāthāvasarasato upaṭṭhāti. Nānādhātuyo vinibbhujitvā ghanavinibbhoge kate anattalakkhaṇaṃ yāthāvasarasato upaṭṭhāti.
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七百四十、而此中應知這一區分:無常、無常相,苦、苦相,無我、無我相。此中,「無常(aniccaṃ)」者:即五蘊。為什麼呢?由於有生起、滅去、變異之性,或由於有已而無。生起、滅去、變異,或稱為有已而無的行相之變化,是無常相。

740. Ettha ca aniccaṃ, aniccalakkhaṇaṃ, dukkhaṃ, dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ, anattā, anattalakkhaṇanti ayaṃ vibhāgo veditabbo. Tattha aniccanti khandhapañcakaṃ. Kasmā? Uppādavayaññathattabhāvā, hutvā abhāvato vā. Uppādavayaññathattaṃ aniccalakkhaṇaṃ hutvā abhāvasaṅkhāto vā ākāravikāro.
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而依「凡無常的,那是苦的」(《相應部》3.15)這句話,那同一五蘊是苦。為什麼呢?由於屢屢逼迫。屢屢逼迫的行相是苦相。

‘‘Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkha’’nti (saṃ. ni. 3.15) vacanato pana tadeva khandhapañcakaṃ dukkhaṃ. Kasmā? Abhiṇhapaṭipīḷanā, abhiṇhapaṭipīḷanākāro dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ.
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而依「凡苦的,那是無我的」(《相應部》3.15)這句話,那同一五蘊是無我。為什麼呢?由於不隨意轉。不隨意轉的行相是無我相。

‘‘Yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15) pana vacanato tadeva khandhapañcakaṃ anattā. Kasmā? Avasavattanato, avasavattanākāro anattalakkhaṇaṃ.
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這瑜伽行者以稱為離隨煩惱、已入於路之觀的生滅隨觀智,依其如實的自味觀察這一切。

Tayidaṃ sabbampi ayaṃ yogāvacaro upakkilesavimuttena vīthipaṭipannavipassanāsaṅkhātena udayabbayānupassanāñāṇena yāthāvasarasato sallakkheti.
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離隨煩惱的生滅智,終。

Upakkilesavimuttaudayabbayañāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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壞滅隨觀智論

Bhaṅgānupassanāñāṇakathā
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七百四十一、當他如是觀察之後,一再以「無常、苦、無我」衡量、審度色與非色諸法時,那智變得銳利而運行,諸行迅速地現起。當智銳利地運行、諸行迅速地現起時,[他]不達及生起、或住、或轉起、或相;念唯安住於盡、滅去、破壞、滅上。當他見「行法原來如是生起之後,如是滅去」時,就在這階段,生起名為壞滅隨觀的觀智。就此而說——

741. Tassevaṃ sallakkhetvā punappunaṃ ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhamanattā’’ti rūpārūpadhamme tulayato tīrayato taṃ ñāṇaṃ tikkhaṃ hutvā vahati, saṅkhārā lahuṃ upaṭṭhahanti, ñāṇe tikkhe vahante saṅkhāresu lahuṃ upaṭṭhahantesu uppādaṃ vā ṭhitiṃ vā pavattaṃ vā nimittaṃ vā na sampāpuṇāti. Khayavayabhedanirodheyeva sati santiṭṭhati. Tassa ‘‘evaṃ uppajjitvā evaṃ nāma saṅkhāragataṃ nirujjhatī’’ti passato etasmiṃ ṭhāne bhaṅgānupassanaṃ nāma vipassanāñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –
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「怎樣是省思所緣之後於壞滅隨觀的慧為觀智呢?心以色為所緣而生起後破壞;省思那所緣之後,隨觀那心的壞滅。『隨觀』——如何隨觀?隨觀為無常,不[隨觀]為常;隨觀為苦,不[隨觀]為樂;隨觀為無我,不[隨觀]為我;厭離,不歡喜;離貪,不貪染;令滅,不令集起;舍離,不執取。

‘‘Kathaṃ ārammaṇapaṭisaṅkhā bhaṅgānupassane paññā vipassane ñāṇaṃ? Rūpārammaṇatā cittaṃ uppajjitvā bhijjati, taṃ ārammaṇaṃ paṭisaṅkhā tassa cittassa bhaṅgaṃ anupassati. Anupassatīti kathaṃ anupassati? Aniccato anupassati no niccato, dukkhato anupassati no sukhato, anattato anupassati no attato, nibbindati no nandati, virajjati no rajjati, nirodheti no samudeti, paṭinissajjati no ādiyati.
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「隨觀為無常者,舍斷常想;隨觀為苦者,[舍斷]樂想;隨觀為無我者,[舍斷]我想;厭離者,[舍斷]歡喜;離貪者,[舍斷]貪;令滅者,[舍斷]集起;舍離者,舍斷執取。

‘‘Aniccato anupassanto niccasaññaṃ pajahati. Dukkhato anupassanto sukhasaññaṃ, anattato anupassanto attasaññaṃ, nibbindanto nandiṃ, virajjanto rāgaṃ, nirodhento samudayaṃ paṭinissajjanto ādānaṃ pajahati.
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「心以受為所緣……乃至……以想為所緣……以行為所緣……以識為所緣……以眼為所緣……乃至……以老死為所緣而生起後破壞……乃至……舍離者,舍斷執取。

‘‘Vedanārammaṇatā…pe… saññārammaṇatā… saṅkhārārammaṇatā… viññāṇārammaṇatā… cakkhārammaṇatā…pe… jarāmaraṇārammaṇatā cittaṃ uppajjitvā bhijjati…pe… paṭinissajjanto ādānaṃ pajahati.
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「事的轉移,以及以慧轉離,

‘‘Vatthusaṅkamanā ceva, paññāya ca vivaṭṭanā;
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轉向之力——[這是]省思之觀。

Āvajjanābalañceva, paṭisaṅkhāvipassanā.
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「依所緣的隨類,兩者辨定為一,

‘‘Ārammaṇaanvayena, ubho ekavavatthanā;
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於滅的勝解——[這是]滅去相之觀。

Nirodhe adhimuttatā, vayalakkhaṇavipassanā.
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「省思所緣,並隨觀壞滅,

‘‘Ārammaṇañca paṭisaṅkhā, bhaṅgañca anupassati;
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以及現起為空——[這是]增上慧之觀。

Suññato ca upaṭṭhānaṃ, adhipaññāvipassanā.
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「善巧於三種隨觀,以及於四種觀,

‘‘Kusalo tīsu anupassanāsu, catasso ca vipassanāsu;
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善巧於三種現起,於種種見不動搖。」

Tayo upaṭṭhāne kusalatā, nānādiṭṭhīsu na kampatī’’ti.
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「那以已知之義為智,以了知之義為慧。因此說:『省思所緣之後於壞滅隨觀的慧為觀智。』」(《無礙解道》1.51-52)

‘‘Taṃ ñātaṭṭhena ñāṇaṃ, pajānanaṭṭhena paññā, tena vuccati ‘ārammaṇapaṭisaṅkhā bhaṅgānupassane paññā vipassane ñāṇa’’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.51-52).
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七百四十二、此中,「省思所緣(ārammaṇapaṭisaṅkhā)」者:即省思、了知任何所緣,見為盡、為滅去,此是其義。「於壞滅隨觀的慧(bhaṅgānupassane paññā)」者:凡對那——省思所緣為盡、為滅去而生起的——智的壞滅作隨觀的慧,這被說為「觀智」。「那是怎樣的」——首先,這是欲說之問(kathetukamyatāpucchā)的意義。然後為顯示那是怎樣的,才說了「以色為所緣」等語。

742. Tattha ārammaṇapaṭisaṅkhāti yaṃkiñci ārammaṇaṃ paṭisaṅkhāya jānitvā, khayato vayato disvāti attho. Bhaṅgānupassane paññāti tassa, ārammaṇaṃ khayato vayato paṭisaṅkhāya uppannassa ñāṇassa bhaṅgaṃ anupassane yā paññā, idaṃ vipassane ñāṇanti vuttaṃ. Taṃ kathaṃ hotīti ayaṃ tāva kathetukamyatāpucchāya attho. Tato yathā taṃ hoti, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘rūpārammaṇatā’’tiādi vuttaṃ.
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此中,「心以色為所緣而生起後破壞(rūpārammaṇatā cittaṃ uppajjitvā bhijjati)」者:即以色為所緣的心生起後破壞;或者,在以色為所緣的狀態中,心生起後破壞,此是其義。「省思那所緣之後(taṃ ārammaṇaṃ paṭisaṅkhā)」者:即省思、了知那色所緣,見為盡、為滅去,此是其義。「隨觀那心的壞滅(tassa cittassa bhaṅgaṃ anupassati)」者:即以哪個心見那色所緣為盡、為滅去,就以另一個心隨觀那心的壞滅,此是其義。因此古師們說:「對所知與智兩者都作觀。」

Tattha rūpārammaṇatā cittaṃ uppajjitvā bhijjatīti rūpārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ uppajjitvā bhijjati. Atha vā rūpārammaṇabhāve cittaṃ uppajjitvā bhijjatīti attho. Taṃ ārammaṇaṃ paṭisaṅkhāti taṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ paṭisaṅkhāya jānitvā, khayato vayato disvāti attho. Tassa cittassa bhaṅgaṃ anupassatīti yena cittena taṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ khayato vayato diṭṭhaṃ, tassa cittassa aparena cittena bhaṅgaṃ anupassatīti attho. Tenāhu porāṇā ‘‘ñātañca ñāṇañca ubhopi vipassatī’’ti.
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而此中,「隨觀(anupassati)」者:即隨隨而觀,以種種行相一再地觀,此是其義。因此[聖典]說:「『隨觀』——如何隨觀?隨觀為無常」等。

Ettha ca anupassatīti anu anu passati, anekehi ākārehi punappunaṃ passatīti attho. Tenāha – ‘‘anupassatīti kathaṃ anupassati. Aniccato anupassatī’’tiādi.
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此中,由於壞滅是無常性的最高極點,所以那隨觀壞滅的瑜伽行者把一切行法隨觀為無常,不[隨觀]為常。然後,由於無常者是苦,苦者是無我,[他]把那同一[行法]隨觀為苦,不[隨觀]為樂;隨觀為無我,不[隨觀]為我。

Tattha yasmā bhaṅgo nāma aniccatāya paramā koṭi, tasmā so bhaṅgānupassako yogāvacaro sabbaṃ saṅkhāragataṃ aniccato anupassati, no niccato. Tato aniccassa dukkhattā, dukkhassa ca anattattā tadeva dukkhato anupassati, no sukhato. Anattato anupassati no attato.
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而由於凡無常、苦、無我者不應歡喜,凡不應歡喜者不應於其中貪染,所以對這依隨壞滅隨觀而被見為「無常、苦、無我」的行法,[他]厭離,不歡喜;離貪,不貪染。他這樣不貪染,暫且唯以世間智令貪滅,不令集起——義為不作集起。

Yasmā pana yaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhamanattā, na taṃ abhinanditabbaṃ. Yañca anabhinanditabbaṃ, na tattha rajjitabbaṃ. Tasmā etasmiṃ bhaṅgānupassanānusārena ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhamanattā’’ti diṭṭhe saṅkhāragate nibbindati, no nandati. Virajjati, no rajjati. So evaṃ arajjanto lokikeneva tāva ñāṇena rāgaṃ nirodheti, no samudeti. Samudayaṃ na karotīti attho.
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或者,他如是離貪之後,猶如[對]所見的行法,同樣也依隨類智(anvayañāṇa)令未見的[行法]滅,不令集起;唯從滅[的一面]作意;他只見它的滅,不[見]集起,此是其義。

Atha vā so evaṃ viratto yathā diṭṭhaṃ saṅkhāragataṃ, tathā adiṭṭhampi anvayañāṇavasena nirodheti, no samudeti. Nirodhatova manasikaroti. Nirodhamevassa passati, no samudayanti attho.
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他如是行道,便舍離,不執取。這說的是什麼呢?這無常等隨觀,由於依彼分把煩惱連同諸蘊與諸行(abhisaṅkhāra)一併捨棄,又由於見有為的過患而傾向於與之相反的涅槃、躍入其中,所以被稱為捨棄舍離與躍入舍離。因此,具備它的比丘依所說的方式捨棄煩惱,並躍入涅槃;他既不依令其生起而執取煩惱,也不依不見過患而執取有為所緣。因此稱說「舍離,不執取」。

So evaṃ paṭipanno paṭinissajjati, no ādiyati. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Ayampi aniccādianupassanā tadaṅgavasena saddhiṃ khandhābhisaṅkhārehi kilesānaṃ pariccajanato, saṅkhatadosadassanena ca tabbiparīte nibbāne tanninnatāya pakkhandanato pariccāgapaṭinissaggo ceva pakkhandanapaṭinissaggo cāti vuccati. Tasmā tāya samannāgato bhikkhu yathāvuttena nayena kilese pariccajati, nibbāne ca pakkhandati. Nāpi nibbattanavasena kilese ādiyati, na adosadassitāvasena saṅkhatārammaṇaṃ. Tena vuccati ‘‘paṭinissajjati no ādiyatī’’ti.
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七百四十三、現在,為顯示由那些智而有舍斷的是哪些法,才說了「隨觀為無常者,舍斷常想」等語。此中,「歡喜(nandiṃ)」者:即有喜的渴愛。其餘的即是已說之法。

743. Idānissa tehi ñāṇehi yesaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘aniccato anupassanto niccasaññaṃ pajahatī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha nandinti sappītikaṃ taṇhaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
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七百四十四、而於諸偈中,「事的轉移(vatthusaṅkamanā)」者:即見色的壞滅之後,又依見那見了壞滅的心的壞滅,從先前的事轉移到另一事。「以慧轉離(paññāya ca vivaṭṭanā)」者:即捨棄生而安住於滅去。「轉向之力(āvajjanābalañceva)」者:即見色的壞滅之後,為了見以壞滅為所緣的心的壞滅,能夠緊接著轉向。「省思之觀(paṭisaṅkhāvipassanā)」者:這名為省思所緣的壞滅隨觀。

744. Gāthāsu pana vatthusaṅkamanāti rūpassa bhaṅgaṃ disvā puna yena cittena bhaṅgo diṭṭho, tassāpi bhaṅgadassanavasena purimavatthuto aññavatthusaṅkamanā. Paññāya ca vivaṭṭanāti udayaṃ pahāya vaye santiṭṭhanā. Āvajjanābalañcevāti rūpassa bhaṅgaṃ disvā puna bhaṅgārammaṇassa cittassa bhaṅgadassanatthaṃ anantarameva āvajjanasamatthatā. Paṭisaṅkhāvipassanāti esā ārammaṇapaṭisaṅkhābhaṅgānupassanā nāma.
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七百四十五、「依所緣的隨類,兩者辨定為一(ārammaṇaanvayena ubho ekavavatthanā)」者:即依隨、隨行於現見的所緣:「猶如這[行法],過去的行法也曾破壞,未來的[行法]也將破壞」——如是把兩者辨定為唯同一自性,此是其義。

這也已被古師們說過——

「對現存[之法]見已清淨者,

依它的隨類推及過去與未來:

一切行法都會崩壞,

猶如日出時的露珠。」

「於滅的勝解(nirodhe adhimuttatā)」者:即如是依壞滅把兩者辨定為一之後,於那稱為壞滅的滅中勝解、以之為重、傾向於它、趨向於它、朝向於它,此是其義。「滅去相之觀(vayalakkhaṇavipassanā)」者:是說這名為滅去相之觀。

745. Ārammaṇaanvayena ubho ekavavatthanāti paccakkhato diṭṭhassa ārammaṇassa anvayena anugamanena yathā idaṃ, tathā atītepi saṅkhāragataṃ bhijjittha, anāgatepi bhijjissatīti evaṃ ubhinnaṃ ekasabhāveneva vavatthāpananti attho.
Vuttampi cetaṃ porāṇehi –
‘‘Saṃvijjamānamhi visuddhadassano,
Tadanvayaṃ neti atītanāgate;
Sabbepi saṅkhāragatā palokino,
Ussāvabindū sūriyeva uggate’’ti.
Nirodhe adhimuttatāti evaṃ ubhinnaṃ bhaṅgavasena ekavavatthānaṃ katvā tasmiññeva bhaṅgasaṅkhāte nirodhe adhimuttatā taggarutā tanninnatā tappoṇatā tappabbhāratāti attho. Vayalakkhaṇavipassanāti esā vayalakkhaṇavipassanā nāmāti vuttaṃ hoti.
746緬 2.281已對照

七百四十六、「省思所緣(ārammaṇañca paṭisaṅkhā)」者:即了知先前的色等所緣之後。「並隨觀壞滅(bhaṅgañca anupassati)」者:即見那所緣的壞滅之後,隨觀以它為所緣的心的壞滅。「以及現起為空(suññato ca upaṭṭhānaṃ)」者:當他如是隨觀壞滅時,「唯是諸行在破壞,它們的破壞就是死,沒有任何別的」——如是現起為空便成就了。

因此古師們說——

「諸蘊滅去,並無別者,

諸蘊的破壞被稱為死;

不放逸者見它們的盡,

猶如以金剛如理地鑽穿摩尼。」

「增上慧之觀(adhipaññāvipassanā)」者:凡所緣的省思、壞滅隨觀、現起為空——這名為增上慧之觀,是所說的意思。

746. Ārammaṇañca paṭisaṅkhāti purimañca rūpādiārammaṇaṃ jānitvā. Bhaṅgañca anupassatīti tassārammaṇassa bhaṅgaṃ disvā tadārammaṇassa cittassa bhaṅgaṃ anupassati. Suññato ca upaṭṭhānanti tassevaṃ bhaṅgaṃ anupassato ‘‘saṅkhārāva bhijjanti, tesaṃ bhedo maraṇaṃ, na añño koci atthī’’ti suññato upaṭṭhānaṃ ijjhati.
Tenāhu porāṇā –
‘‘Khandhā nirujjhanti na catthi añño,
Khandhāna bhedo maraṇanti vuccati;
Tesaṃ khayaṃ passati appamatto,
Maṇiṃva vijjhaṃ vajirena yoniso’’ti.
Adhipaññāvipassanāti yā ca ārammaṇapaṭisaṅkhā yā ca bhaṅgānupassanā yañca suññato upaṭṭhānaṃ, ayaṃ adhipaññāvipassanā nāmāti vuttaṃ hoti.
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七百四十七、「善巧於三種隨觀(kusalo tīsu anupassanāsu)」者:即於無常隨觀等三種[隨觀]熟練的比丘。「以及於四種觀(catasso ca vipassanāsu)」者:即於厭離等四種觀[熟練]。「善巧於三種現起(tayo upaṭṭhāne kusalatā)」者:即由於善巧於這現起為盡、為滅去、為空的三種現起。「於種種見不動搖(nānādiṭṭhīsu na kampati)」者:即於常見等種種的見不顫動。

747. Kusalo tīsu anupassanāsūti aniccānupassanādīsu tīsu cheko bhikkhu. Catasso ca vipassanāsūti nibbidādīsu ca catūsu vipassanāsu. Tayo upaṭṭhāne kusalatāti khayato vayato suññatoti imasmiñca tividhe upaṭṭhāne kusalatāya. Nānādiṭṭhīsu na kampatīti sassatadiṭṭhiādīsu nānappakārāsu diṭṭhīsu na vedhati.
748已對照

七百四十八、他如是不顫動,轉起「未滅者正在滅,未破壞者正在破壞」的作意,捨棄一切行的生起、住、轉起、相——它們猶如正在破壞的易碎器皿,猶如正在飛散的微塵,猶如正在被炒的胡麻——唯見破壞。猶如有眼之人站在蓮池岸邊或河岸邊,天降大雨點時,會見到水面上大大的水泡一再生起、迅速地一個個破壞,同樣,他見一切行在破壞、在破壞。因為世尊正是就這樣的瑜伽行者而說——

748. So evaṃ avedhamāno ‘‘aniruddhameva nirujjhati, abhinnameva bhijjatī’’ti pavattamanasikāro dubbalabhājanassa viya bhijjamānassa, sukhumarajasseva vippakiriyamānassa, tilānaṃ viya bhajjiyamānānaṃ sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ uppādaṭṭhitipavattanimittaṃ vissajjetvā bhedameva passati. So yathā nāma cakkhumā puriso pokkharaṇītīre vā nadītīre vā ṭhito thūlaphusitake deve vassante udakapiṭṭhe mahantamahantāni udakabubbuḷakāni uppajjitvā uppajjitvā sīghaṃ sīghaṃ bhijjamānāni passeyya, evameva sabbe saṅkhārā bhijjanti bhijjantīti passati. Evarūpaṃ hi yogāvacaraṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ bhagavatā –
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「猶如看水泡,猶如看陽焰,

‘‘Yathā bubbuḷakaṃ passe, yathā passe marīcikaṃ;
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如是觀察世間者,死王不見他。」(《法句》170);

Evaṃ lokaṃ avekkhantaṃ, maccurājā na passatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 170);
749緬 2.282已對照

七百四十九、當他如是屢屢見「一切行在破壞、在破壞」時,以八種功德利益為眷屬的壞滅隨觀智便達到有力。此中,這八種功德利益是:有見的舍斷、對生命之愛著的捨棄、常相應而勤勉、活命清淨、急切的舍斷、離於怖畏、獲得忍與柔和、堪忍不樂與喜樂。

因此古師們說——

「這八種最上的功德,

見了之後,便在其中一再思擇;

牟尼猶如衣著火、頭著火者,

為證得不死而隨觀壞滅。」

749. Tassevaṃ ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā bhijjanti bhijjantī’’ti abhiṇhaṃ passato aṭṭhānisaṃsaparivāraṃ bhaṅgānupassanāñāṇaṃ balappattaṃ hoti. Tatrime aṭṭhānisaṃsā – bhavadiṭṭhippahānaṃ, jīvitanikantipariccāgo, sadāyuttapayuttatā, visuddhājīvitā, ussukkappahānaṃ, vigatabhayatā, khantisoraccapaṭilābho, aratiratisahanatāti.
Tenāhu porāṇā –
‘‘Imāni aṭṭhagguṇamuttamāni,
Disvā tahiṃ sammasate punappunaṃ;
Ādittacelassirasūpamo muni,
Bhaṅgānupassī amatassa pattiyā’’ti.
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壞滅隨觀智,終。

Bhaṅgānupassanāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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怖畏現起智論

Bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇakathā
750已對照

七百五十、當他如是習行、修習、多作以一切行的盡、滅去、破壞、滅為所緣的壞滅隨觀時,於一切有、生、趣、[識]住、眾生居中剎那破壞的諸行,猶如對想要安樂生活的怯懦之人而言的獅子、虎、豹、熊、鬣狗、夜叉、羅剎、兇猛的牛、兇猛的狗、發情的兇猛大象、毒性可怖的毒蛇、雷霆、墳場、戰場、燃燒的炭坑等一般,成為大怖畏而現起。當他見到「過去諸行已滅,現在[諸行]正滅,未來將生起的諸行也正將如是而滅」時,在這個階段,名為怖畏現起智的[智]便生起。

750. Tassevaṃ sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ khayavayabhedanirodhārammaṇaṃ bhaṅgānupassanaṃ āsevantassa bhāventassa bahulīkarontassa sabbabhavayonigatiṭhitisattāvāsesu pabhedakā saṅkhārā sukhena jīvitukāmassa bhīrukapurisassa sīhabyagghadīpiacchataracchayakkharakkhasacaṇḍagoṇacaṇḍakukkurapabhinnamadacaṇḍahatthighoraāsīvisaasanivicakkasusānaraṇabhūmijalitaaṅgārakāsuādayo viya mahābhayaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhahanti. Tassa ‘‘atītā saṅkhārā niruddhā, paccuppannā nirujjhanti, anāgate nibbattanakasaṅkhārāpi evameva nirujjhissantī’’ti passato etasmiṃ ṭhāne bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ nāma uppajjati.
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此中有這樣的譬喻——相傳有一個婦人,她的三個兒子觸犯了國王,國王下令斬他們的首。她與兒子們一起去到刑場。於是[劊子手]砍下她長子的頭之後,開始砍次子的[頭]。她見長子的頭已被砍下、次子的[頭]正被砍,便放下了對幼子的執著:「這個也會與他們一樣。」此中,瑜伽者見過去諸行之滅,猶如那婦人見長子已被砍下的頭;見現在[諸行]之滅,猶如[她]見次子正被砍的頭;以「未來將生起的諸行也將破壞」而見未來[諸行]之滅,猶如以「這個也會與他們一樣」而放下對幼子的執著。當他如是見時,在這個階段,怖畏現起智便生起。

Tatrāyaṃ upamā – ekissā kira itthiyā tayo puttā rājaparādhikā, tesaṃ rājā sīsacchedaṃ āṇāpesi. Sā puttehi saddhiṃ āghātanaṃ agamāsi. Athassā jeṭṭhaputtassa sīsaṃ chinditvā majjhimassa chindituṃ ārabhiṃsu. Sā jeṭṭhassa sīsaṃ chinnaṃ majjhimassa ca chijjamānaṃ disvā kaniṭṭhamhi ālayaṃ vissajji ‘‘ayampi etesaññeva sadiso bhavissatī’’ti. Tattha tassā itthiyā jeṭṭhaputtassa chinnasīsadassanaṃ viya yogino atītasaṅkhārānaṃ nirodhadassanaṃ, majjhimassa chijjamānasīsadassanaṃ viya paccuppannānaṃ nirodhadassanaṃ, ‘‘ayampi etesaññeva sadiso bhavissatī’’ti kaniṭṭhaputtamhi ālayavissajjanaṃ viya ‘‘anāgatepi nibbattanakasaṅkhārā bhijjissantī’’ti anāgatānaṃ nirodhadassanaṃ. Tassevaṃ passato etasmiṃ ṭhāne uppajjati bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ.
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另有一個譬喻——相傳有一個子女夭亡的婦人(pūtipajā)生了十個孩子。其中九個死了,一個在手中正死去,另一個在腹中。她見九個孩子已死、第十個正死去,便放下了對腹中[胎兒]的執著:「這個也會與他們一樣。」此中,瑜伽者見過去諸行之滅,猶如那婦人憶念九個孩子之死;瑜伽者見現在[諸行]之滅,猶如[她]見手中[孩子]正死去之狀;見未來[諸行]之滅,猶如放下對腹中[胎兒]的執著。當他如是見時,在這一剎那,怖畏現起智便生起。

Aparāpi upamā – ekā kira pūtipajā itthī dasa dārake vijāyi. Tesu nava matā, eko hatthagato marati, aparo kucchiyaṃ. Sā nava dārake mate dasamañca mīyamānaṃ disvā kucchigate ālayaṃ vissajji ‘‘ayampi etesaññeva sadiso bhavissatī’’ti. Tattha tassā itthiyā navannaṃ dārakānaṃ maraṇānussaraṇaṃ viya yogino atītasaṅkhārānaṃ nirodhadassanaṃ, hatthagatassa mīyamānabhāvadassanaṃ viya yogino paccuppannānaṃ nirodhadassanaṃ, kucchigate ālayavissajjanaṃ viya anāgatānaṃ nirodhadassanaṃ. Tassevaṃ passato etasmiṃ khaṇe uppajjati bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ.
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七百五十一、然而,怖畏現起智是怖畏還是不怖畏呢?不怖畏。因為它唯是這樣的審度:「過去諸行已滅,現在[諸行]正滅,未來[諸行]將滅。」所以,猶如有眼之人看著城門口的三個炭坑,自己並不怖畏,他唯有這樣的審度:「凡是落入這裡的人,都將領受不少的苦。」又猶如有眼之人看著依次豎立的佉陀羅木樁、鐵樁、金樁這三根樁,自己並不怖畏,他唯有這樣的審度:「凡是落到這些樁上的人,都將領受不少的苦。」同樣地,怖畏現起智自己並不怖畏,它唯是對猶如三個炭坑、猶如三根樁的三有作這樣的審度:「過去諸行已滅,現在[諸行]正滅,未來[諸行]將滅。」然而,由於屬於一切有、生、趣、[識]住、[眾生]居的諸行,對它[即智]而言唯是陷入衰患、有恐怖而現起為怖畏,所以稱為怖畏現起。

而關於如是現起為怖畏,有這段聖典——

「以無常作意時,什麼現起為怖畏?以苦[作意時呢]?以無我作意時,什麼現起為怖畏?以無常作意時,相現起為怖畏。以苦作意時,轉起現起為怖畏。以無我作意時,相與轉起現起為怖畏。」(《無礙解道》1.227)

此中,「相(nimittaṃ)」者:即行之相。這正是過去、未來、現在諸行的增語。因為以無常作意者唯見諸行之死,因此對他而言,相現起為怖畏。「轉起(pavattaṃ)」者:即色、非色之有的轉起。因為以苦作意者,對即使被視為樂的轉起,也唯見其不斷被逼迫之狀,因此對他而言,轉起現起為怖畏。而以無我作意者,見這兩者猶如空村,又猶如陽焰、乾闥婆城等,是空虛的、虛妄的、空的、無主的、無引導者的。因此對他而言,相與轉起兩者都現起為怖畏。

751. Bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ pana bhāyati na bhāyatīti? Na bhāyati. Tañhi atītā saṅkhārā niruddhā, paccuppannā nirujjhanti, anāgatā nirujjhissantīti tīraṇamattameva hoti. Tasmā yathā nāma cakkhumā puriso nagaradvāre tisso aṅgārakāsuyo olokayamāno sayaṃ na bhāyati, kevalaṃ hissa ‘‘ye ye ettha nipatissanti, sabbe anappakaṃ dukkhamanubhavissantī’’ti tīraṇamattameva hoti. Yathā vā pana cakkhumā puriso khadirasūlaṃ ayosūlaṃ suvaṇṇasūlanti paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapitaṃ sūlattayaṃ olokayamāno sayaṃ na bhāyati, kevalaṃ hissa ‘‘ye ye imesu sūlesu nipatissanti, sabbe anappakaṃ dukkhamanubhavissantī’’ti tīraṇamattameva hoti, evameva bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ sayaṃ na bhāyati, kevalaṃ hissa aṅgārakāsuttayasadisesu, sūlattayasadisesu ca tīsu bhavesu ‘‘atītā saṅkhārā niruddhā, paccuppannā nirujjhanti, anāgatā nirujjhissantī’’ti tīraṇamattameva hoti. Yasmā panassa kevalaṃ sabbabhavayonigatiṭhitinivāsagatā saṅkhārā byasanāpannā sappaṭibhayā hutvā bhayato upaṭṭhahanti, tasmā bhayatupaṭṭhānanti vuccati.
Evaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāne panassa ayaṃ pāḷi –
‘‘Aniccato manasikaroto kiṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāti? Dukkhato. Anattato manasikaroto kiṃ bhayato upaṭṭhātīti? Aniccato manasikaroto nimittaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāti. Dukkhato manasikaroto pavattaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāti. Anattato manasikaroto nimittañca pavattañca bhayato upaṭṭhātī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.227).
Tattha nimittanti saṅkhāranimittaṃ. Atītānāgatapaccuppannānaṃ saṅkhārānamevetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Aniccato manasikaronto hi saṅkhārānaṃ maraṇameva passati, tenassa nimittaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāti. Pavattanti rūpārūpabhavapavatti. Dukkhato manasikaronto hi sukhasammatāyapi pavattiyā abhiṇhapaṭipīḷanabhāvameva passati, tenassa pavattaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhāti. Anattato manasikaronto pana ubhayampetaṃ suññagāmaṃ viya marīcigandhabbanagarādīni viya ca rittaṃ tucchaṃ suññaṃ assāmikaṃ apariṇāyakaṃ passati. Tenassa nimittañca pavattañca ubhayaṃ bhayato upaṭṭhātīti.
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怖畏現起智,終。

Bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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過患隨觀智論

Ādīnavānupassanāñāṇakathā
752已對照

七百五十二、當他習行、修習、多作那怖畏現起智時,於一切有、生、趣、[識]住、眾生居中,既不見救護,也不見避難所,也不見去處,也不見依止。對屬於一切有、生、趣、[識]住、[眾生]居的諸行,即使對一個行,也沒有希求或執取。三有猶如充滿無焰炭火的炭坑,四大種猶如毒性可怖的毒蛇,五蘊猶如舉刀的殺戮者,六內處猶如空村,六外處猶如劫村賊,七識住與九眾生居猶如被十一種火燃燒著、熾燃著、發出火光,一切行猶如成了癰、成了病、成了箭、成了苦患、成了病惱一般,無味著、無滋味,成為大過患之聚而現起。

752. Tassa taṃ bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ āsevantassa bhāventassa bahulīkarontassa sabbabhavayonigatiṭhitisattāvāsesu neva tāṇaṃ, na leṇaṃ, na gati, nappaṭisaraṇaṃ paññāyati. Sabbabhavayonigatiṭhitinivāsagatesu saṅkhāresu ekasaṅkhārepi patthanā vā parāmāso vā na hoti. Tayo bhavā vītaccikaṅgārapuṇṇaaṅgārakāsuyo viya, cattāro mahābhūtā ghoravisaāsīvisā viya, pañcakkhandhā ukkhittāsikavadhakā viya, cha ajjhattikāyatanāni suññagāmo viya, cha bāhirāyatanāni gāmaghātakacorā viya, satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo, nava ca sattāvāsā ekādasahi aggīhi ādittā sampajjalitā sajotibhūtā viya ca, sabbe saṅkhārā gaṇḍabhūtā rogabhūtā sallabhūtā aghabhūtā ābādhabhūtā viya ca nirassādā nirasā mahāādīnavarāsibhūtā hutvā upaṭṭhahanti.
緬 2.285已對照

如何呢?對想要安樂生活的怯懦之人而言,即使是形貌可愛的密林,也猶如有猛獸;山洞猶如有虎;水猶如有鱷魚、羅剎;仇敵猶如舉著劍;食物猶如有毒;道路猶如有盜賊;房屋猶如在燃燒;戰場猶如[兩]軍已出動。因為猶如那人來到這些有猛獸的密林等處時,畏懼、悚懼、毛髮豎立,於四周唯見過患;同樣,這位瑜伽行者,當一切行依壞滅隨觀而現起為怖畏時,於四周唯見無滋味、無味著的過患。當他如是見時,名為過患智的[智]便已生起。就此而說了這[段話]——

Kathaṃ? Sukhena jīvitukāmassa bhīrukapurisassa ramaṇīyākārasaṇṭhitampi savāḷakamiva vanagahanaṃ, sasaddūlā viya guhā, sagāharakkhasaṃ viya udakaṃ, samussitakhaggā viya paccatthikā, savisaṃ viya bhojanaṃ, sacoro viya maggo, ādittamiva agāraṃ, uyyuttasenā viya raṇabhūmi. Yathā hi so puriso etāni savāḷakavanagahanādīni āgamma bhīto saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto samantato ādīnavameva passati, evamevāyaṃ yogāvacaro bhaṅgānupassanāvasena sabbasaṅkhāresu bhayato upaṭṭhitesu samantato nirasaṃ nirassādaṃ ādīnavameva passati. Tassevaṃ passato ādīnavañāṇaṃ nāma uppannaṃ hoti. Yaṃ sandhāya idaṃ vuttaṃ –
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「怎樣是於怖畏現起的慧,是於過患的智?『生起是怖畏』——於怖畏現起的慧,是於過患的智。『轉起是怖畏』……『相是怖畏』……『積聚是怖畏』……『結生是怖畏』……『趣是怖畏』……『出生是怖畏』……『受生是怖畏』……『生是怖畏』……『老是怖畏』……『病是怖畏』……『死是怖畏』……『愁是怖畏』……『悲是怖畏』……『惱是怖畏』——於怖畏現起的慧,是於過患的智。『不生起是安穩』——是於寂靜之句的智。『不轉起……乃至……無惱是安穩』——是於寂靜之句的智。『生起是怖畏,不生起是安穩』——是於寂靜之句的智。『轉起……乃至……惱是怖畏,無惱是安穩』——是於寂靜之句的智。

‘‘Kathaṃ bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ? Uppādo bhayanti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Pavattaṃ bhayanti… nimittaṃ bhayanti… āyūhanā bhayanti… paṭisandhi bhayanti… gati bhayanti… nibbatti bhayanti… upapatti bhayanti… jāti bhayanti… jarā bhayanti… byādhi bhayanti… maraṇaṃ bhayanti… soko bhayanti… paridevo bhayanti… upāyāso bhayanti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Anuppādo khemanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Appavattaṃ…pe… anupāyāso khemanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Uppādo bhayaṃ, anuppādo khemanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso bhayaṃ, anupāyāso khemanti santipade ñāṇaṃ.
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『生起是苦』——於怖畏現起的慧,是於過患的智。『轉起……乃至……惱是苦』——於怖畏現起的慧,是於過患的智。『不生起是樂』——是於寂靜之句的智。『不轉起……乃至……無惱是樂』——是於寂靜之句的智。『生起是苦,不生起是樂』——是於寂靜之句的智。『轉起……乃至……惱是苦,無惱是樂』——是於寂靜之句的智。

‘‘Uppādo dukkhanti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso dukkhanti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Anuppādo sukhanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Appavattaṃ…pe… anupāyāso sukhanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Uppādo dukkhaṃ, anuppādo sukhanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso dukkhaṃ, anupāyāso sukhanti santipade ñāṇaṃ.
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『生起是有食的』——於怖畏現起的慧,是於過患的智。『轉起……乃至……惱是有食的』——於怖畏現起的慧,是於過患的智。『不生起是無食的』——是於寂靜之句的智。『不轉起……乃至……無惱是無食的』——是於寂靜之句的智。『生起是有食的,不生起是無食的』——是於寂靜之句的智。『轉起……乃至……惱是有食的,無惱是無食的』——是於寂靜之句的智。

‘‘Uppādo sāmisanti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso sāmisanti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Anuppādo nirāmisanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Appavattaṃ…pe… anupāyāso nirāmisanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Uppādo sāmisaṃ, anuppādo nirāmisanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso sāmisaṃ, anupāyāso nirāmisanti santipade ñāṇaṃ.
緬 2.286已對照

『生起是諸行』——於怖畏現起的慧,是於過患的智。『轉起……乃至……惱是諸行』——於怖畏現起的慧,是於過患的智。『不生起是涅槃』——是於寂靜之句的智。『不轉起……乃至……無惱是涅槃』——是於寂靜之句的智。『生起是諸行,不生起是涅槃』——是於寂靜之句的智。『轉起……乃至……惱是諸行,無惱是涅槃』——是於寂靜之句的智。

Uppādo ‘‘saṅkhārāti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso saṅkhārāti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇaṃ. Anuppādo nibbānanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Appavattaṃ…pe… anupāyāso nibbānanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Uppādo saṅkhārā, anuppādo nibbānanti santipade ñāṇaṃ. Pavattaṃ…pe… upāyāso saṅkhārā, anupāyāso nibbānanti santipade ñāṇaṃ.
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他見生起與轉起、相為苦,

‘‘Uppādañca pavattañca, nimittaṃ dukkhanti passati;
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積聚與結生[亦然],這是於過患的智。

Āyūhanaṃ paṭisandhiṃ, ñāṇaṃ ādīnave idaṃ.
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不生起、不轉起、無相是樂,

‘‘Anuppādaṃ appavattaṃ, animittaṃ sukhanti ca;
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無積聚、無結生,這是於寂靜之句的智。

Anāyūhanā appaṭisandhi, ñāṇaṃ santipade idaṃ.
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這於過患的智,生於五處;

‘‘Idaṃ ādīnave ñāṇaṃ, pañcaṭhānesu jāyati;
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於寂靜之句的五處,他了知十種智;

Pañcaṭhāne santipade, dasa ñāṇe pajānāti;
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由於善巧於兩種智,於種種見不動搖。

Dvinnaṃ ñāṇānaṃ kusalatā, nānādiṭṭhīsu na kampatī’’ti.
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由已知之義,它是智;由了知之義,[它]是慧。因此說:『於怖畏現起的慧,是於過患的智。』」(《無礙解道》1.53)

‘‘Taṃ ñātaṭṭhena ñāṇaṃ. Pajānanaṭṭhena paññā. Tena vuccati ‘‘bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.53).
753已對照

七百五十三、此中,「生起(uppādo)」者:即以過去業為緣而於此[世]生起。「轉起(pavattaṃ)」者:即如是已生起者的轉起。「相(nimittaṃ)」者:即一切行之相。「積聚(āyūhanā)」者:即作為未來結生之因的業。「結生(paṭisandhi)」者:即未來的生起。「趣(gati)」者:即那結生以之而有的趣。「出生(nibbatti)」者:即諸蘊的出生。「受生(upapatti)」者:即如「或已入等至者的,或已受生者的」(《法集論》1289、1291)這樣所說的異熟的轉起。「生(jāti)」者:即作為老等之緣、以有為緣的生。老、死等都是明顯的。而此中,生起等五項是依過患智之事而說的,其餘的是依它們的同義語[而說的]。因為「出生、生」這兩者是生起與結生的同義語;「趣、受生」這兩者是轉起的[同義語];老等是相的[同義語]。因此說——

753. Tattha uppādoti purimakammapaccayā idha uppatti. Pavattanti tathā uppannassa pavatti. Nimittanti sabbampi saṅkhāranimittaṃ. Āyūhanāti āyatiṃ paṭisandhihetubhūtaṃ kammaṃ. Paṭisandhīti āyatiṃ uppatti. Gatīti yāya gatiyā sā paṭisandhi hoti. Nibbattīti khandhānaṃ nibbattanaṃ. Upapattīti ‘‘samāpannassa vā upapannassa vā’’ti (dha. sa. 1289, 1291) evaṃ vuttā vipākappavatti. Jātīti jarādīnaṃ paccayabhūtā bhavapaccayā jāti. Jarāmaraṇādayo pākaṭā eva. Ettha ca uppādādayo pañceva ādīnavañāṇassa vatthuvasena vuttā. Sesā tesaṃ vevacanavasena. Nibbatti jātīti idañhi dvayaṃ uppādassa ceva paṭisandhiyā ca vevacanaṃ. Gati upapattīti idaṃ dvayaṃ pavattassa. Jarādayo nimittassāti. Tenāha –
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「他見生起與轉起、相為苦,

‘‘Uppādañca pavattañca, nimittaṃ dukkhanti passati;
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積聚與結生[亦然],這是於過患的智」,

Āyūhanaṃ paṭisandhiṃ, ñāṇaṃ ādīnave ida’’nti ca.
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以及「這於過患的智,生於五處」。

‘‘Idaṃ ādīnave ñāṇaṃ, pañcaṭhānesu jāyatī’’ti ca.
緬 2.287已對照

而「不生起是安穩——是於寂靜之句的智(anuppādo khemanti santipade ñāṇaṃ)」等,是為顯示過患智的對治之智而說的。或者,這也是為了令那些依怖畏現起見到過患而心驚懼者生起依託——[知道]「也有無怖畏、安穩、無過患[之境]」——而說的。或者,由於生起等對他善現起為怖畏,他的心便傾向於與之相反[的一方],所以應知這也是為顯示依怖畏現起而成就的過患智的功德利益而說的。

Anuppādo khemanti santipade ñāṇantiādi pana ādīnavañāṇassa paṭipakkhañāṇadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Bhayatupaṭṭhānena vā ādīnavaṃ disvā ubbiggahadayānaṃ abhayampi atthi khemaṃ nirādīnavanti assāsajananatthampi etaṃ vuttaṃ. Yasmā vā panassa uppādādayo bhayato sūpaṭṭhitā honti, tassa tappaṭipakkhaninnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tasmā bhayatupaṭṭhānavasena siddhassa ādīnavañāṇassa ānisaṃsadassanatthampetaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
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而此中,由於凡是怖畏的,必定是苦;它由於未脫離輪轉之食、世間之食、煩惱之食,唯是有食的;而凡是有食的,唯是行而已;所以說「生起是苦——於怖畏現起的慧,是於過患的智」等。雖然如此,此中應知唯依以怖畏之行相、苦之行相、有食之行相這樣行相的差別而轉起,[才有]差別。

Ettha ca yaṃ bhayaṃ, taṃ yasmā niyamato dukkhaṃ. Taṃ vaṭṭāmisalokāmisakilesāmisehi avippamuttattā sāmisameva. Yañca sāmisaṃ, taṃ saṅkhāramattameva. Tasmā ‘‘uppādo dukkhanti bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā ādīnave ñāṇa’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Evaṃ santepi bhayākārena dukkhākārena sāmisākārenāti evaṃ ākāranānattato pavattivasenevettha nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ.
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「他了知十種智(dasañāṇe pajānāti)」者:了知過患智者,了知、通達、作證以生起等為事的五種、以不生起等為事的五種——這十種智。「由於善巧於兩種智(dvinnaṃ ñāṇānaṃ kusalatā)」者:即由於對過患智與於寂靜之句的智這兩種[智]的善巧。「於種種見不動搖(nānādiṭṭhīsu na kampati)」者:即於依最上現法涅槃等而轉起的諸見中不顫動。此中其餘的都是淺顯的。

Dasañāṇe pajānātīti ādīnavañāṇaṃ pajānanto uppādādivatthukāni pañca, anuppādādivatthukāni pañcāti dasa ñāṇāni pajānāti paṭivijjhati sacchikaroti. Dvinnaṃ ñāṇānaṃ kusalatāti ādīnavañāṇassa ceva santipadañāṇassa cāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ kusalatāya. Nānādiṭṭhīsu na kampatīti paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānādivasena pavattāsu diṭṭhīsu na vedhati. Sesamettha uttānamevāti.
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過患隨觀智,終。

Ādīnavānupassanāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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厭離隨觀智論

Nibbidānupassanāñāṇakathā
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七百五十四、他如是見一切行為過患時,便對屬於一切有、生、趣、識住、眾生居的、連同類別的行法厭離、厭倦、不喜樂。

754. So evaṃ sabbasaṅkhāre ādīnavato passanto sabbabhavayonigativiññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsagate sabhedake saṅkhāragate nibbindati ukkaṇṭhati nābhiramati.
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譬如喜好質多拘吒山山麓的金色王天鵝,不喜樂於旃陀羅村門口不淨的汙水坑,唯喜樂於七大湖;同樣,這位猶如王天鵝的瑜伽者,也不喜樂於已善見其過患的、連同類別的行法;而由於樂於修習、具足修習之喜樂,唯喜樂於七隨觀。

Seyyathāpi nāma, cittakūṭapabbatapādābhirato suvaṇṇarājahaṃso asucimhi caṇḍālagāmadvāraāvāṭe nābhiramati, sattasu mahāsaresuyeva abhiramati, evameva ayampi yogīrājahaṃso suparidiṭṭhādīnave sabhedake saṅkhāragate nābhiramati. Bhāvanārāmatāya pana bhāvanāratiyā samannāgatattā sattasu anupassanāsuyeva ramati.
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又猶如被關進金籠的獸王獅子不喜樂,而唯喜樂於廣三千由旬的雪山;同樣,這位猶如獅子的瑜伽者,連對三種善趣之有也不喜樂,而唯喜樂於三隨觀。

Yathā ca suvaṇṇapañjare pakkhitto sīho migarājā nābhiramati, tiyojanasahassavitthate pana himavanteyeva ramati, evamayaṃ yogīsīho tividhe sugatibhavepi nābhiramati, tīsu pana anupassanāsuyeva ramati.
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又猶如通體純白、七處著地、有神通、行於空中的六牙象王,不喜樂於城市中央,而喜樂於雪山的六牙象湖密林;同樣,這位猶如殊勝大象的瑜伽者,對一切行法都不喜樂,而喜樂於以「不生起是安穩」等方式所見的寂靜之句,他的意傾向於它、趨向於它、朝向於它。

Yathā ca sabbaseto sattapatiṭṭho iddhimā vehāsaṅgamo chaddanto nāgarājā nagaramajjhe nābhiramati, himavati chaddantadahagahaneyeva abhiramati, evamayaṃ yogīvaravāraṇo sabbasmimpi saṅkhāragate nābhiramati, anuppādo khemantiādinā nayena diṭṭhe santipadeyeva abhiramati, tanninnatappoṇatappabbhāramānaso hotīti.
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厭離隨觀智,終。

Nibbidānupassanāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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七百五十五、而這[智]與前面兩種智依義是同一的。因此古師們說——

755. Taṃ panetaṃ purimena ñāṇadvayena atthato ekaṃ. Tenāhu porāṇā –
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「怖畏現起雖只是一,卻得到三個名稱:由於見一切行為怖畏,便得名為怖畏現起;由於對那些行生起過患,便得名為過患隨觀;由於對那些行厭離而生起,便得名為厭離隨觀。」

‘‘Bhayatupaṭṭhānaṃ ekameva tīṇi nāmāni labhati, sabbasaṅkhāre bhayato addasāti bhayatupaṭṭhānaṃ nāma jātaṃ. Tesuyeva saṅkhāresu ādīnavaṃ uppādetīti ādīnavānupassanā nāma jātaṃ. Tesuyeva saṅkhāresu nibbindamānaṃ uppannanti nibbidānupassanā nāma jāta’’nti.
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在聖典中也說:「凡於怖畏現起的慧,凡於過患的智,凡厭離——這些法義同一,唯文句不同。」(《無礙解道》1.227)

Pāḷiyampi vuttaṃ – ‘‘yā ca bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññā, yañca ādīnave ñāṇaṃ, yā ca nibbidā, ime dhammā ekatthā, byañjanameva nāna’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.227).
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欲解脫智論

Muñcitukamyatāñāṇakathā
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七百五十六、以這厭離智,這位良家子厭離、厭倦、不喜樂時,他的心對屬於一切有、生、趣、識住、眾生居的、連同類別的諸行,即使對一個行也不粘著、不掛礙、不繫縛,而想從一切行法中解脫、想出離。猶如什麼呢?猶如落入網中的魚、落入蛇口的蛙、被關入籠中的林雞、落入堅固套索控制的鹿、落入弄蛇人手中的蛇、陷入大泥沼的象、落入金翅鳥口中的龍王、進入羅睺口中的月亮、被敵人包圍的人——這些等等都想從那一一[困境]中解脫、想出離;同樣,那位瑜伽者的心想從一切行法中解脫、想出離。於是,當他如是對一切行離了執著、想從一切行法中解脫時,欲解脫智便生起。

756. Iminā pana nibbidāñāṇena imassa kulaputtassa nibbindantassa ukkaṇṭhantassa anabhiramantassa sabbabhavayonigativiññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsagatesu sabhedakesu saṅkhāresu ekasaṅkhārepi cittaṃ na sajjati, na laggati, na bajjhati, sabbasmā saṅkhāragatā muccitukāmaṃ nissaritukāmaṃ hoti. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā nāma jālabbhantaragato maccho, sappamukhagato maṇḍūko, pañjarapakkhitto vanakukkuṭo, daḷhapāsavasagato migo, ahituṇḍikahatthagato sappo, mahāpaṅkapakkhando kuñjaro, supaṇṇamukhagato nāgarājā, rāhumukhappaviṭṭho cando, sapattaparivārito purisoti evamādayo tato tato muccitukāmā nissaritukāmāva honti, evaṃ tassa yogino cittaṃ sabbasmā saṅkhāragatā muccitukāmaṃ nissaritukāmaṃ hoti. Athassa evaṃ sabbasaṅkhāresu vigatālayassa sabbasmā saṅkhāragatā muccitukāmassa uppajjati muñcitukamyatā ñāṇanti.
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欲解脫智,終。

Muñcitukamyatāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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省思隨觀智論

Paṭisaṅkhānupassanāñāṇakathā
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七百五十七、他如是想從屬於一切有、生、趣、[識]住、[眾生]居的、連同類別的諸行中解脫,為了從一切行法中解脫,又以省思隨觀智對那些行如是安立三相而攝受。

757. So evaṃ sabbabhavayonigatiṭṭhitinivāsagatehi sabhedakehi saṅkhārehi muccitukāmo sabbasmā saṅkhāragatā muccituṃ puna te evaṃ saṅkhāre paṭisaṅkhānupassanāñāṇena tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā pariggaṇhāti.
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他依非究竟、暫時、為生起與滅去所限定、破壞、動搖、易壞、不恆、變易之法、無堅實、無有、有為、死之法等理由,見一切行為「無常」。

So sabbasaṅkhāre anaccantikato, tāvakālikato, uppādavayaparicchinnato, palokato, calato, pabhaṅguto, addhuvato, vipariṇāmadhammato, assārakato, vibhavato, saṅkhatato, maraṇadhammatotiādīhi kāraṇehi aniccāti passati.
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依不斷逼迫、難忍、苦之基、病、癰、箭、苦患、病惱、災禍、禍患、怖畏、災難、無救護、無避難所、無歸依、過患、苦患之根、殺戮者、有漏、魔餌、生之法、老之法、病之法、愁之法、悲之法、惱之法、雜染之法等理由,見[它們]為「苦」。

Abhiṇhapaṭipīḷanato, dukkhamato, dukkhavatthuto, rogato, gaṇḍato, sallato, aghato, ābādhato, ītito, upaddavato, bhayato, upasaggato, atāṇato, aleṇato, asaraṇato, ādīnavato, aghamūlato, vadhakato, sāsavato, mārāmisato, jātidhammato, jarādhammato, byādhidhammato, sokadhammato, paridevadhammato, upāyāsadhammato, saṃkilesikadhammatotiādīhi kāraṇehi dukkhāti passati.
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依不可愛、惡臭、可厭、厭逆、不值得裝飾、醜陋、醜惡等理由,見[它們]為作為苦相之眷屬的不淨。

Ajaññato, duggandhato, jegucchato, paṭikkūlato, amaṇḍanārahato, virūpato, bībhacchatotiādīhi kāraṇehi dukkhalakkhaṇassa parivārabhūtato asubhato passati.
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依他、空虛、虛妄、空、無主、不自在、不隨[意]轉等理由,見[它們]為無我。

Parato, rittato, tucchato, suññato, assāmikato, anissarato, avasavattitotiādīhi kāraṇehi anattato passati.
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七百五十八、因為他如是見時,諸行便名為已安立三相而被攝受。然而,他為何如是攝受它們呢?為了成辦放開的方便。

758. Evañhi passatānena tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā saṅkhārā pariggahitā nāma honti. Kasmā panāyamete evaṃ pariggaṇhātīti? Muñcanassa upāyasampādanatthaṃ.
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此中有這樣的譬喻——相傳有一個人[想]「我要捉魚」,拿了魚笱放入水中。他從笱口把手伸進去,在水中抓住了一條蛇的脖子,[以為]「我抓到魚了」而滿意。他[想]「我真得到了一條大魚」,提起來看時,由於見到三道吉祥旋紋(sovatthika),認知「是蛇」,便畏懼,見到過患,對抓[它]厭離,想要放開,便作放開的方便:從尾尖開始解開[纏住的]手,舉起手臂,在頭上揮轉兩三次,使蛇乏力,[說]「去吧,惡蛇!」而放掉,迅速爬上池堤,望著來路站著:「喂,我真是從大蛇的口中脫身了!」

Tatrāyaṃ upamā – eko kira puriso ‘‘macche gahessāmī’’ti macchakhippaṃ gahetvā udake oḍḍāpesi so khippamukhena hatthaṃ otāretvā antoudake sappaṃ gīvāya gahetvā ‘‘maccho me gahito’’ti attamano ahosi. So ‘‘mahā vata mayā maccho laddho’’ti ukkhipitvā passanto sovatthikattayadassanena sappoti sañjānitvā bhīto ādīnavaṃ disvā gahaṇe nibbinno muñcitukāmo hutvā muñcanassa upāyaṃ karonto agganaṅguṭṭhato paṭṭhāya hatthaṃ nibbeṭhetvā bāhuṃ ukkhipitvā uparisīse dve tayo vāre āvijjhitvā sappaṃ dubbalaṃ katvā ‘‘gaccha duṭṭha sappā’’ti nissajjitvā vegena taḷākapāḷiṃ āruyha ‘‘mahantassa vata bho sappassa mukhato muttomhī’’ti āgatamaggaṃ olokayamāno aṭṭhāsi.
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此中,那人把蛇當作「魚」抓住脖子而歡喜之時,猶如這位瑜伽者最初得到自體而歡喜之時;那人把[蛇]頭從笱口拉出來而見到三道吉祥旋紋,猶如這[瑜伽者]作了密集的分解之後於諸行見三相;那人畏懼之時,猶如這[瑜伽者]的怖畏現起智。其後,見過患猶如過患隨觀智,對抓[它]厭離猶如厭離隨觀智。想放開蛇猶如欲解脫智,作放開的方便猶如以省思隨觀智於諸行安立三相。因為猶如那人揮轉蛇,使它乏力,使它達到不能回頭咬[人]的狀態,然後完全地放開;同樣,這位瑜伽行者以安立三相揮轉諸行,使它們乏力,使它們達到不能再以常、樂、淨、我之相現起的狀態,然後完全地放開。因此說「為了成辦放開的方便而如是攝受」。

Tattha tassa purisassa ‘‘maccho’’ti sappaṃ gīvāya gahetvā tuṭṭhakālo viya imassāpi yogino āditova attabhāvaṃ paṭilabhitvā tuṭṭhakālo, tassa khippamukhato sīsaṃ nīharitvā sovatthikattayadassanaṃ viya imassa ghanavinibbhogaṃ katvā saṅkhāresu tilakkhaṇadassanaṃ, tassa bhītakālo viya imassa bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ. Tato ādīnavadassanaṃ viya ādīnavānupassanāñāṇaṃ, gahaṇe nibbindanaṃ viya nibbidānupassanāñāṇaṃ. Sappaṃ muñcitukāmatā viya muñcitukamyatāñāṇaṃ, muñcanassa upāyakaraṇaṃ viya paṭisaṅkhānupassanāñāṇena saṅkhāresu tilakkhaṇāropanaṃ. Yathā hi so puriso sappaṃ āvijjhitvā dubbalaṃ katvā nivattetvā ḍaṃsituṃ asamatthabhāvaṃ pāpetvā sumuttaṃ muñcati, evamayaṃ yogāvacaro tilakkhaṇāropanena saṅkhāre āvijjhitvā dubbale katvā puna niccasukhasubhaattākārena upaṭṭhātuṃ asamatthataṃ pāpetvā sumuttaṃ muñcati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘muñcanassa upāyasampādanatthaṃ evaṃ pariggaṇhātī’’ti.
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七百五十九、至此,他的省思智(paṭisaṅkhāñāṇa)便已生起。就此而說——

759. Ettāvatā tassa uppannaṃ hoti paṭisaṅkhāñāṇaṃ. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –
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「以無常作意時,省思什麼而後智生起?以苦[作意時呢]?以無我作意時,省思什麼而後智生起?以無常作意時,省思相而後智生起。以苦作意時,省思轉起而後智生起。以無我作意時,省思相與轉起而後智生起。」(《無礙解道》1.227)

‘‘Aniccato manasikaroto kiṃ paṭisaṅkhā ñāṇaṃ uppajjati? Dukkhato. Anattato manasikaroto kiṃ paṭisaṅkhā ñāṇaṃ uppajjati? Aniccato manasikaroto nimittaṃ paṭisaṅkhā ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Dukkhato manasikaroto pavattaṃ paṭisaṅkhā ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Anattato manasikaroto nimittañca pavattañca paṭisaṅkhā ñāṇaṃ uppajjatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.227).
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而此中,「省思相(nimittaṃ paṭisaṅkhā)」者:即依無常相把行之相了知為「不恆的、暫時的」。誠然,並不是先了知、然後智才生起;然而依慣用語,猶如「緣著意與諸法而生起意識」等(《中部》3.421),這樣說的。或者,應知是依一性之理,把前與後作為一而這樣說的。依此方法,其餘兩句的意義也應了知。

Ettha ca nimittaṃ paṭisaṅkhāti saṅkhāranimittaṃ ‘‘addhuvaṃ tāvakālika’’nti aniccalakkhaṇavasena jānitvā. Kāmañca na paṭhamaṃ jānitvā pacchā ñāṇaṃ uppajjati, vohāravasena pana ‘‘manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇa’’ntiādīni (ma. ni. 3.421) viya evaṃ vuccati. Ekattanayena vā purimañca pacchimañca ekaṃ katvā evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Iminā nayena itarasmimpi padadvaye attho veditabboti.
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省思隨觀智,終。

Paṭisaṅkhānupassanāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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行舍智論

Saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇakathā
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七百六十、他如是以省思隨觀智攝受「一切行是空的」之後,又攝受兩句空性:「此[是]空的,以我或以我所[而言]。」(《中部》3.69)他如是既不見自我,也不見任何他者處於自己資具之狀之後,又攝受此中所說的四句空性:「我在任何地方都不是任何人的牽掛,在任何地方、任何[事物]中也沒有我的牽掛。」

760. So evaṃ paṭisaṅkhānupassanāñāṇena ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā suññā’’ti pariggahetvā puna ‘‘suññamidaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā’’ti (ma. ni. 3.69) dvikoṭikaṃ suññataṃ pariggaṇhāti. So evaṃ neva attānaṃ, na paraṃ kiñci attano parikkhārabhāve ṭhitaṃ disvā puna ‘‘nāhaṃ kvacani, kassaci kiñcanatasmiṃ, na ca mama kvacani, kismiñci kiñcanatatthī’’ti yā ettha catukoṭikā suññatā kathitā, taṃ pariggaṇhāti.
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如何呢?因為這[瑜伽者]以「我在任何地方都不(nāhaṃ kvacani)」[一語],不見任何處的自我;以「是任何人的牽掛(kassaci kiñcanatasmiṃ)」[一語],不見自己的自我可被帶入任何他人的牽掛之狀——義即不見[自己]可被視為兄弟之位的兄弟、或朋友之位的朋友、或資具之位的資具而被帶入[他人那裡]。「在任何地方也沒有我的(na ca mama kvacani)」——此中,暫且把 mama 一語放在一邊,以「在任何地方也不(na ca kvacani)」[一語],也不見任何處他人的自我——此是其義。如今取來 mama 一語,[說]「於任何[事物]中有我的牽掛(mama kismiñci kiñcanatatthi)」,即他不見「他人的自我存在於我的任何[事物]中的牽掛之狀」;義即不見他人的自我可在任何處所——視為自己兄弟之位的兄弟、或朋友之位的朋友、或資具之位的資具——以這牽掛之狀被帶入。如是,由於這[瑜伽者]既不見任何處的自我,也不見它可被帶入他人的牽掛之狀;既不見他人的自我,也不見他人的自我可被帶入自己的牽掛之狀,所以他便已攝受了四句空性。

Kathaṃ? Ayañhi nāhaṃ kvacanīti kvaci attānaṃ na passati. Kassaci kiñcanatasminti attano attānaṃ kassaci parassa kiñcanabhāve upanetabbaṃ na passati. Bhātiṭṭhānevā bhātaraṃ, sahāyaṭṭhāne vā sahāyaṃ, parikkhāraṭṭhāne vā parikkhāraṃ maññitvā upanetabbaṃ na passatīti attho. Na ca mama kvacanīti ettha mama-saddaṃ tāva ṭhapetvā na ca kvacanīti parassa ca attānaṃ kvaci napassatīti ayamattho. Idāni mama-saddaṃ āharitvā mama kismiñci kiñcanatatthīti so parassa attā mama kismiñci kiñcanabhāve atthīti na passatīti. Attano bhātiṭṭhāne vā bhātaraṃ, sahāyaṭṭhāne vā sahāyaṃ parikkhāraṭṭhāne vā parikkhāranti kismiñci ṭhāne parassa attānaṃ iminā kiñcanabhāvena upanetabbaṃ na passatīti attho. Evamayaṃ yasmā neva katthaci attānaṃ passati, na taṃ parassa kiñcanabhāve upanetabbaṃ passati, na parassa attānaṃ passati, na parassa attānaṃ attano kiñcanabhāve upanetabbaṃ passati. Tasmānena catukoṭikā suññatā pariggahitā hotīti.
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七百六十一、如是攝受四句空性之後,又以六種行相攝受空性。如何呢?眼是空的——以我、或以我所、或以常、或以恆、或以永恆、或以不變易之法[而言]……乃至……意是空的。諸色是空的……乃至……諸法是空的。眼識……乃至……意識。眼觸——如是方法應一直推及到老死。

761. Evaṃ catukoṭikaṃ suññataṃ pariggahetvā puna chahākārehi suññataṃ pariggaṇhāti. Kathaṃ? Cakkhu suññaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā niccena vā dhuvena vā sassatena vā avipariṇāmadhammena vā…pe… mano suñño. Rūpā suññā…pe… dhammā suññā. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ…pe… manoviññāṇaṃ. Cakkhusamphassoti evaṃ yāva jarāmaraṇā nayo netabbo.
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七百六十二、如是以六種行相攝受空性之後,又以八種行相攝受。即:色是無堅實的、缺堅實的、離堅實的——以常堅實的堅實、或以恆堅實的堅實、或以樂堅實的堅實、或以我堅實的堅實、或以常、或以恆、或以永恆、或以不變易之法[而言]。受……想……行……識……眼……乃至……老死是無堅實的、缺堅實的、離堅實的——以常堅實的堅實、或以恆堅實的堅實、或以樂堅實的堅實、或以我堅實的堅實、或以常、或以恆、或以永恆、或以不變易之法[而言]。猶如蘆葦是無堅實的、缺堅實的、離堅實的。猶如蓖麻……猶如優曇婆羅……猶如白婆蹉樹……猶如刺桐……猶如泡沫團……猶如水泡……猶如陽焰……猶如芭蕉樹幹……猶如幻術是無堅實的、缺堅實的、離堅實的,同樣,色……乃至……老死是無堅實的、缺堅實的、離堅實的——以常堅實的堅實……乃至……或以不變易之法[而言]。(《小義釋》〈摩伽羅闍青年所問釋〉88)

762. Evaṃ chahākārehi suññataṃ pariggahetvā puna aṭṭhahākārehi pariggaṇhāti. Seyyathidaṃ – rūpaṃ asāraṃ nissāraṃ sārāpagataṃ niccasārasārena vā dhuvasārasārena vā sukhasārasārena vā attasārasārena vā niccena vā dhuvena vā sassatena vā avipariṇāmadhammena vā. Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ… cakkhu…pe… jarāmaraṇaṃ asāraṃ nissāraṃ sārāpagataṃ niccasārasārena vā dhuvasārasārena vā sukhasārasārena vā attasārasārena vā niccena vā dhuvena vā sassatena vā avipariṇāmadhammena vā. Yathā naḷo asāro nissāro sārāpagato. Yathā eraṇḍo… yathā udumbaro… yathā setavaccho… yathā pāḷibhaddako… yathā pheṇapiṇḍo… yathā udakabubbuḷaṃ… yathā marīci… yathā kadalikkhandho… yathā māyā asārā nissārā sārāpagatā, evameva rūpaṃ…pe… jarāmaraṇaṃ asāraṃ nissāraṃ sārāpagataṃ niccasārasārena vā…pe… avipariṇāmadhammena vāti (cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 88).
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七百六十三、他如是以八種行相攝受空性之後,又以十種行相攝受:他見色為空虛;為虛妄……為空……為無我……為無自在……為不能隨欲而作……為不可得……為不隨[意]轉……為他……為遠離而見。見受……乃至……識為空虛……乃至……為遠離。

763. So evaṃ aṭṭhahākārehi suññataṃ pariggahetvā puna dasahākārehi pariggaṇhāti, rūpaṃ rittato passati. Tucchato… suññato… anattato… anissariyato… akāmakāriyato… alabbhanīyato… avasavattakato… parato… vivittato passati. Vedanaṃ…pe… viññāṇaṃ rittato…pe… vivittato passatīti.
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七百六十四、如是以十種行相攝受空性之後,又以十二種行相攝受。即:色不是眾生,不是命者,不是人,不是青年,不是女人,不是男人,不是自我,不是我所;不是我,不是我的,不是他人的,不是任何人的。受……乃至……識不是任何人的。(《小義釋》〈摩伽羅闍青年所問釋〉88)

764. Evaṃ dasahākārehi suññataṃ pariggahetvā puna dvādasahākārehi pariggaṇhāti. Seyyathidaṃ – rūpaṃ na satto, na jīvo, na naro, na māṇavo, na itthī, na puriso, na attā, na attaniyaṃ. Nāhaṃ, na mama, na aññassa, na kassaci. Vedanā…pe… viññāṇaṃ na kassacīti (cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 88).
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七百六十五、如是以十二種行相攝受空性之後,又依度遍知,以四十二種行相攝受空性:他見色為無常……為苦……為病……為癰……為箭……為苦患……為病惱……為他……為破壞……為災禍……為禍患……為怖畏……為災難……為動搖……為易壞……為不恆……為無救護……為無避難所……為無歸依……為非歸依處……為空虛……為虛妄……為空……為無我……為無味著……為過患……為變易之法……為無堅實……為苦患之根……為殺戮者……為無有……為有漏……為有為……為魔餌……為生之法……為老之法……為病之法……為死之法……為愁悲苦憂惱之法……為集起……為滅沒……為無味著……為過患……為出離。見受……乃至……識為無常……乃至……為出離。

765. Evaṃ dvādasahākārehi suññataṃ pariggaṇhitvā puna tīraṇapariññāvasena dvācattālīsāya ākārehi suññataṃ pariggaṇhāti, rūpaṃ aniccato… dukkhato… rogato… gaṇḍato… sallato… aghato… ābādhato… parato… palokato… ītito… upaddavato… bhayato… upasaggato… calato… pabhaṅguto… addhuvato… atāṇato… aleṇato… asaraṇato… asaraṇībhūtato… rittato… tucchato… suññato… anattato… anassādato… ādīnavato… vipariṇāmadhammato… assārakato… aghamūlato… vadhakato… vibhavato… sāsavato… saṅkhatato… mārāmisato… jātidhammato… jarādhammato… byādhidhammato… maraṇadhammato… sokaparidevadukkhadomanassaupāyāsadhammato… samudayato… atthaṅgamato… anassādato … ādīnavato… nissaraṇato passati. Vedanaṃ…pe… viññāṇaṃ aniccato…pe… nissaraṇato passati.
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這也已被說過:「見色為無常……乃至……為出離者,觀察世間為空。見受……乃至……識為無常……乃至……為出離者,觀察世間為空。」

Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘rūpaṃ aniccato…pe… nissaraṇato passanto suññato lokaṃ avekkhati. Vedanaṃ…pe… viññāṇaṃ aniccato…pe… nissaraṇato passanto suññato lokaṃ avekkhati’’.
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「摩伽羅闍,常具念,當觀世間為空;

‘‘Suññato lokaṃ avekkhassu, mogharāja sadā sato;
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拔除我隨見,如是可度越死;

Attānudiṭṭhiṃ ūhacca, evaṃ maccutaro siyā;
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如是觀察世間者,死王不見他。」(《經集》1125;《小義釋》〈摩伽羅闍青年所問釋〉88)

Evaṃ lokaṃ avekkhantaṃ, maccurājā na passatī’’ti. (su. ni. 1125; cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 88);
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七百六十六、他如是見[諸行]為空之後,安立三相而攝受諸行時,舍斷怖畏與歡喜,對諸行成為漠然、中立,不取為「我」或「我的」,猶如已離棄妻子的男人。

766. Evaṃ suññato disvā tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā saṅkhāre pariggaṇhanto bhayañca nandiñca vippahāya saṅkhāresu udāsīno ahosi majjhatto, ahanti vā mamanti vā na gaṇhāti vissaṭṭhabhariyo viya puriso.
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猶如有個男人有一個可喜、可樂、可意的妻子,離開她片刻也不能忍受,對她極其執為己有;他見那女人與別的男人一起站著、或坐著、或說著話、或笑著,便會惱怒、不滿,感受極度的憂。後來,他見到那女人的過失,想要解脫,便離棄了她,不再把她執取為「我的」。從此以後,即使見到她與任何人一起做任何事,他也既不惱怒,也不陷入憂,反而只是漠然、中立。同樣,這[瑜伽者]想要從一切行中解脫,以省思隨觀攝受諸行時,不見有應執取為「我」「我的」者,便舍斷怖畏與歡喜,對一切行成為漠然、中立。

Yathā nāma purisassa bhariyā bhaveyya iṭṭhā kantā manāpā, so tāya vinā muhuttampi adhivāsetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya, ativiya naṃ mamāyeyya, so taṃ itthiṃ aññena purisena saddhiṃ ṭhitaṃ vā nisinnaṃ vā kathentiṃ vā hasantiṃ vā disvā kupito assa anattamano, adhimattaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeyya. So aparena samayena tassā itthiyā dosaṃ disvā muñcitukāmo hutvā taṃ vissajjeyya, na naṃ mamāti gaṇheyya. Tato paṭṭhāya taṃ yenakenaci saddhiṃ yaṃkiñci kurumānaṃ disvāpi neva kuppeyya, na domanassaṃ āpajjeyya, aññadatthu udāsīnova bhaveyya majjhatto. Evamevāyaṃ sabbasaṅkhārehi muñcitukāmo hutvā paṭisaṅkhānupassanāya saṅkhāre pariggaṇhanto ahaṃ mamāti gahetabbaṃ adisvā bhayañca nandiñca vippahāya sabbasaṅkhāresu udāsīno hoti majjhatto.
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當他如是知、如是見時,他的心對三有、四生、五趣、七識住、九眾生居退縮、退避、轉離而不伸展,[唯有]舍、或厭逆性得以住立。

Tassa evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato tīsu bhavesu catūsu yonīsu pañcasu gatīsu sattasu viññāṇaṭṭhitīsu navasu sattāvāsesu cittaṃ patilīyati patikuṭati pativattati na sampasāriyati, upekkhā vā pāṭikulyatā vā saṇṭhāti.
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譬如在稍稍傾斜的蓮葉上,水滴退縮、退避、轉離而不伸展;同樣……乃至……譬如雞毛或筋碎片被投入火中,便退縮、退避、轉離而不伸展(《增支部》7.49);同樣,他的心對三有……乃至……[唯有]舍、或厭逆性得以住立。如是,他名為行舍智的[智]便已生起。

Seyyathāpi nāma padumapalāse īsakapoṇe udakaphusitāni patilīyanti patikuṭanti pativattanti na sampasāriyanti, evameva…pe… seyyathāpi nāma kukkuṭapattaṃ vā nahārudaddulaṃ vā aggimhi pakkhittaṃ patilīyati patikuṭati pativattati na sampasāriyati (a. ni. 7.49), evameva tassa tīsu bhavesu cittaṃ…pe… upekkhā vā pāṭikulyatā vā saṇṭhāti. Iccassa saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ nāma uppannaṃ hoti.
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七百六十七、而這[智]若見寂靜之句——涅槃——為寂靜,便捨棄一切行的轉起而唯躍入涅槃。若不見涅槃為寂靜,便一再唯以諸行為所緣而轉起,猶如航海者的辨方鴉。相傳航海的商人登船時,帶上名為辨方鴉的[鳥];當船被風吹到異域、看不見海岸時,他們便放出辨方鴉。它從桅杆飛上虛空,隨行於一切方位與中間方位,若見到海岸,便徑直朝那裡飛去;若見不到,便一再回來,依附在桅杆上。同樣,若行舍智見寂靜之句——涅槃——為寂靜,便捨棄一切行的轉起而唯躍入涅槃;若不見,便一再唯以諸行為所緣而轉起。

767. Taṃ panetaṃ sace santipadaṃ nibbānaṃ santato passati, sabbaṃ saṅkhārappavattaṃ vissajjetvā nibbānameva pakkhandati. No ce nibbānaṃ santato passati, punappunaṃ saṅkhārārammaṇameva hutvā pavattati sāmuddikānaṃ disākāko viya. Sāmuddikā kira vāṇijakā nāvaṃ ārohantā disākākaṃ nāma gaṇhanti, te yadā nāvā vātakkhittā videsaṃ pakkhandati, tīraṃ na paññāyati, tadā disākākaṃ vissajjenti. So kūpakayaṭṭhito ākāsaṃ laṅghitvā sabbā disā ca vidisā ca anugantvā sace tīraṃ passati, tadabhimukhova gacchati. No ce passati, punappunaṃ āgantvā kūpakayaṭṭhiṃyeva allīyati. Evameva sace saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ santipadaṃ nibbānaṃ santato passati, sabbaṃ saṅkhārappavattaṃ vissajjetvā nibbānameva pakkhandati. No ce passati, punappunaṃ saṅkhārārammaṇameva hutvā pavattati.
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這[智]猶如在簸箕邊上轉動麵粉。猶如彈已去籽的棉花,它以種種方式攝受諸行,舍斷怖畏與歡喜,於諸行的簡擇中成為中立,依三種隨觀而住立。如是住立時,它達到三解脫門之狀,成為區分七種聖者的緣。

Tadidaṃ suppagge piṭṭhaṃ vaṭṭayamānaṃ viya. Nibbaṭṭitakappāsaṃ vihanamānaṃ viya nānappakārato saṅkhāre pariggahetvā bhayañca nandiñca pahāya saṅkhāravicinane majjhattaṃ hutvā tividhānupassanāvasena tiṭṭhati. Evaṃ tiṭṭhamānaṃ tividhavimokkhamukhabhāvaṃ āpajjitvā sattaariyapuggalavibhāgāya paccayo hoti.
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七百六十八、此中,這[智]由於依三種隨觀而轉起,依三根的增上,便名為達到三解脫門之狀。因為三種隨觀被稱為三解脫門。即如所說——

768. Tatridaṃ tividhānupassanāvasena pavattanato tiṇṇaṃ indriyānaṃ ādhipateyyavasena tividhavimokkhamukhabhāvaṃ āpajjati nāma. Tisso hi anupassanā tīṇi vimokkhamukhānīti vuccanti. Yathāha –
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「而這三解脫門導向出離世間:由於隨觀一切行為有限定、有圍界,由於心躍入無相界;由於對一切行令意激勵,由於心躍入無願界;由於隨觀一切法為他,由於心躍入空界——這三解脫門導向出離世間。」(《無礙解道》1.219)

‘‘Tīṇi kho panimāni vimokkhamukhāni lokaniyyānāya saṃvattanti, sabbasaṅkhāre paricchedaparivaṭumato samanupassanatāya, animittāya ca dhātuyā cittasampakkhandanatāya, sabbasaṅkhāresu manosamuttejanatāya, appaṇihitāya ca dhātuyā cittasampakkhandanatāya, sabbadhamme parato samanupassanatāya, suññatāya ca dhātuyā cittasampakkhandanatāya, imāni tīṇi vimokkhamukhāni lokaniyyānāya saṃvattantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.219).
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此中,「為有限定、有圍界(paricchedaparivaṭumato)」者:即依生起與滅去而為有限定、有圍界。因為無常隨觀以「在生起之前諸行不存在」而限定,尋求它們的去處時,以「在滅去之後[它們]不前往[何處],就在這裡消失」而隨觀為有圍界。「由於令意激勵(manosamuttejanatāya)」者:即由於令心悚懼。因為以苦隨觀令心對諸行悚懼。「由於隨觀為他(parato samanupassanatāya)」者:即由於如是「不是我,不是我的」而隨觀為無我。如是應知這三句是依無常隨觀等而說的。正因如此,在緊接其後的問題解答中說:「以無常作意時,諸行現起為盡。以苦作意時,諸行現起為怖畏。以無我作意時,諸行現起為空。」(《無礙解道》1.219)

Tattha paricchedaparivaṭumatoti udayabbayavasena paricchedato ceva parivaṭumato ca. Aniccānupassanaṃ hi ‘‘udayato pubbe saṅkhārā natthī’’ti paricchinditvā tesaṃ gatiṃ samannesamānaṃ ‘‘vayato paraṃ na gacchanti, ettheva antaradhāyantī’’ti parivaṭumato samanupassati. Manosamuttejanatāyāti cittasaṃvejanatāya. Dukkhānupassanena hi saṅkhāresu cittaṃ saṃvejeti. Parato samanupassanatāyāti ‘‘nāhaṃ, na mamā’’ti evaṃ anattato samanupassanatāya. Iti imāni tīṇi padāni aniccānupassanādīnaṃ vasena vuttānīti veditabbāni. Teneva tadanantare pañhavissajjane vuttaṃ – ‘‘aniccato manasikaroto khayato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahanti. Dukkhato manasikaroto bhayato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahanti. Anattato manasikaroto suññato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.219).
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七百六十九、然而,以這些隨觀為門的那些解脫是哪些呢?即無相、無願、空這三種。因為這已被說過:「以無常作意者,多具勝解,獲得無相解脫。以苦作意者,多具輕安,獲得無願解脫。以無我作意者,多具智(veda),獲得空解脫。」(《無礙解道》1.223)

769. Katame pana te vimokkhā, yesaṃ imāni anupassanāni mukhānīti? Animitto, appaṇihito, suññatoti ete tayo. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ ‘‘aniccato manasikaronto adhimokkhabahulo animittaṃ vimokkhaṃ paṭilabhati. Dukkhato manasikaronto passaddhibahulo appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhaṃ paṭilabhati. Anattato manasikaronto vedabahulo suññatavimokkhaṃ paṭilabhatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.223).
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而此中,「無相解脫(animitto vimokkho)」者:即以無相之行相、以涅槃為所緣而轉起的聖道。因為它由於於無相界生起,是無相;由於從諸煩惱解脫,是解脫。依此同一方法,以無願之行相、以涅槃為所緣而轉起的,是無願;以空之行相、以涅槃為所緣而轉起的,是空——應如是了知。

Ettha ca animitto vimokkhoti animittākārena nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavatto ariyamaggo. So hi animittāya dhātuyā uppannattā animitto. Kilesehi ca vimuttattā vimokkho. Eteneva nayena appaṇihitākārena nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavatto appaṇihito. Suññatākārena nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavatto suññatoti veditabbo.
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七百七十、而在阿毗達摩中,以「當他修習能出離的、趣向損減的出世間禪,為舍斷諸見執、為證得第一地,離諸欲,成就並住於無願的、空的初禪之時」(《法集論》343 等)如是隻說了兩種解脫,那是就依直義的以觀為來路而說的。因為觀智雖然在《無礙解道》中——

770. Yaṃ pana abhidhamme ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye lokuttaraṃ jhānaṃ bhāveti niyyānikaṃ apacayagāmiṃ diṭṭhigatānaṃ pahānāya paṭhamāya bhūmiyā pattiyā vivicceva kāmehi paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati appaṇihitaṃ suññata’’nti (dha. sa. 343 ādayo) evaṃ vimokkhadvayameva vuttaṃ, taṃ nippariyāyato vipassanāgamanaṃ sandhāya. Vipassanāñāṇaṃ hi kiñcāpi paṭisambhidāmagge –
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「『無常隨觀智放下[以為]常的執著』,故為空解脫。『苦隨觀智放下[以為]樂的執著;無我隨觀智放下[以為]我的執著』,故為空解脫。」(《無礙解道》1.229)如是依放下執著而被稱為「空解脫」;

‘‘Aniccānupassanāñāṇaṃ niccato abhinivesaṃ muñcatīti suññato vimokkho. Dukkhānupassanāñāṇaṃ sukhato abhinivesaṃ. Anattānupassanāñāṇaṃ attato abhinivesaṃ muñcatīti suññato vimokkho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.229) evaṃ abhinivesaṃ muñcanavasena suññato vimokkhoti ca,
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「『無常隨觀智放下常之相』,故為無相解脫。『苦隨觀智放下樂之相,無我隨觀智放下我之相』,故為無相解脫。」(《無礙解道》1.229)如是依放下相而被稱為「無相解脫」;

‘‘Aniccānupassanāñāṇaṃ niccato nimittaṃ muñcatīti animitto vimokkho. Dukkhānupassanāñāṇaṃ sukhato nimittaṃ, anattānupassanāñāṇaṃ attato nimittaṃ muñcatīti animitto vimokkho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.229) evaṃ nimittaṃ muñcanavasena animitto vimokkhoti ca,
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「『無常隨觀智放下[對]常的願求』,故為無願解脫。『苦隨觀智放下[對]樂的願求;無我隨觀智放下[對]我的願求』,故為無願解脫。」(《無礙解道》1.229)如是依放下願求而被稱為「無願解脫」——

‘‘Aniccānupassanāñāṇaṃ niccato paṇidhiṃ muñcatīti appaṇihito vimokkho. Dukkhānupassanāñāṇaṃ sukhato paṇidhiṃ. Anattānupassanāñāṇaṃ attato paṇidhiṃ muñcatīti appaṇihito vimokkho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.229) evaṃ paṇidhiṃ muñcanavasena appaṇihito vimokkhoti ca –
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已被[這樣]說過。然而它由於不捨離諸行之相,依直義不是無相的;依直義它是空的與無願的。而依它[作為]來路,在聖道剎那舉出瞭解脫。因此,應知只說了「無願的、空的」兩種解脫。這暫且是此中的解脫論。

Vuttaṃ. Tathāpi taṃ saṅkhāranimittassa avijahanato na nippariyāyena animittaṃ. Nippariyāyena pana suññatañceva appaṇihitañca. Tassa ca āgamanavasena ariyamaggakkhaṇe vimokkho uddhaṭo. Tasmā appaṇihitaṃ suññatanti vimokkhadvayameva vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Ayaṃ tāvettha vimokkhakathā.
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七百七十一、而所說的「成為區分七種聖者之緣」,此中,隨信行者、信解脫者、身證者、俱分解脫者、隨法行者、見至者、慧解脫者——這暫且是七種聖者;這行舍智成為區分他們之緣。

771. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘sattaariyapuggalavibhāgāya paccayo hotī’’ti, tattha saddhānusārī, saddhāvimutto, kāyasakkhi, ubhatobhāgavimutto, dhammānusārī, diṭṭhippatto, paññāvimuttoti ime tāva satta ariyapuggalā, tesaṃ vibhāgāya idaṃ saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ paccayo hoti.
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七百七十二、因為凡以無常作意、勝解多而獲得信根者,他在須陀洹道的剎那是隨信行者;在其餘七處是信解脫者。

772. Yo hi aniccato manasikaronto adhimokkhabahulo saddhindriyaṃ paṭilabhati, so sotāpattimaggakkhaṇe saddhānusārī hoti. Sesesu sattasu ṭhānesu saddhāvimutto.
773已對照

七百七十三、而凡以苦作意、輕安多而獲得定根者,他在一切處名為身證者;而得無色禪之後達到最上果者,名為俱分解脫者。

773. Yo pana dukkhato manasikaronto passaddhibahulo samādhindriyaṃ paṭilabhati, so sabbattha kāyasakkhi nāma hoti. Arūpajjhānaṃ pana patvā aggaphalappatto ubhatobhāgavimutto nāma hoti.
774緬 2.298已對照

七百七十四、而凡以無我作意、智(veda)多而獲得慧根者,他在須陀洹道的剎那是隨法行者;在六處是見至者,在最上果是慧解脫者。

774. Yo pana anattato manasikaronto vedabahulo paññindriyaṃ paṭilabhati, so sotāpattimaggakkhaṇe dhammānusārī hoti. Chasu ṭhānesu diṭṭhippatto aggaphale paññāvimuttoti.
775已對照

七百七十五、因為這已被說過——

775. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ –
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「以無常作意者,信根增上;由於信根增上,他獲得須陀洹道,因此稱為隨信行者。」

‘‘Aniccato manasikaroto saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti. Saddhindriyassa adhimattattā sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭilabhati, tena vuccati saddhānusārī’’ti.
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同樣,「以無常作意者,信根增上;由於信根增上,須陀洹果已被作證,因此稱為信解脫者」等(《無礙解道》1.221)。

Tathā ‘‘aniccato manasikaroto saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, saddhindriyassa adhimattattā sotāpattiphalaṃ sacchikataṃ hoti, tena vuccati saddhāvimutto’’tiādi (paṭi. ma. 1.221).
776已對照

七百七十六、另外也已說過——

776. Aparampi vuttaṃ –
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「『信而解脫』,故為信解脫者。『作證了所觸之邊際』,故為身證者。『已達所見之邊際』,故為見至者。『信而得解脫』,故為信解脫者。『先觸禪之觸,後作證滅——[即]涅槃』,故為身證者。『‘諸行是苦,滅是樂’已以慧而知、見、了知、作證、觸證』,故為見至者。」(《無礙解道》1.221)

‘‘Saddahanto vimuttoti saddhāvimutto. Phuṭṭhantaṃ sacchikatoti kāyasakkhi. Diṭṭhantaṃ pattoti diṭṭhippatto. Saddahanto vimuccatīti saddhāvimutto. Jhānaphassaṃ paṭhamaṃ phusati pacchā nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikarotīti kāyasakkhi. ‘Dukkhā saṅkhārā, sukho nirodho’ti ñātaṃ hoti diṭṭhaṃ viditaṃ sacchikataṃ phusitaṃ paññāyāti diṭṭhippatto’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.221).
777已對照

七百七十七、而在其餘四種[人]中,隨行於信,或依信而隨行、前往,故為「隨信行者」;同樣,隨行於稱為慧的法,或依法而隨行,故為「隨法行者」;由無色禪與聖道這兩分而解脫,故為「俱分解脫者」;了知而解脫,故為「慧解脫者」——應知語義是如此。

777. Itaresu pana catūsu saddhaṃ anusarati, saddhāya vā anusarati gacchatīti saddhānusārī. Tathā paññāsaṅkhātaṃ dhammaṃ anusarati, dhammena vā anusaratīti dhammānusārī. Arūpajjhānena ceva ariyamaggena cāti ubhatobhāgena vimuttoti ubhatobhāgavimutto. Pajānanto vimuttoti paññāvimuttoti evaṃ vacanattho veditabboti.
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行舍智。

Saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ.
778緬 2.299已對照

七百七十八、而這[行舍智]依義與前面兩種智是一。因此古師們說:「這行舍智唯是一,而得三個名稱:在下[段]名為欲解脫智,在中間名為省思隨觀智,而在末後達至頂點的名為行舍智。」

778. Taṃ panetaṃ purimena ñāṇadvayena atthato ekaṃ. Tenāhu porāṇā – ‘‘idaṃ saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ ekameva tīṇi nāmāni labhati, heṭṭhā muñcitukamyatāñāṇaṃ nāma jātaṃ, majjhe paṭisaṅkhānupassanāñāṇaṃ nāma, ante ca sikhāppattaṃ saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ nāma’’.
779已對照

七百七十九、在聖典中也已說過——

779. Pāḷiyampi vuttaṃ –
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「怎樣是欲解脫、省思、住立之慧,為於諸行舍之智?對生起欲解脫、省思、住立之慧,為於諸行舍之智。對轉起……乃至……對相……乃至……對惱欲解脫、省思、住立之慧,為於諸行舍之智。對『生起是苦』……乃至……『是怖畏』……乃至……『是有食的』……乃至……『生起是諸行』……乃至……『惱是諸行』欲解脫、省思、住立之慧,為於諸行舍之智。」(《無礙解道》1.54)

‘‘Kathaṃ muñcitukamyatā-paṭisaṅkhā-santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ? Uppādaṃ muñcitukamyatā-paṭisaṅkhā-santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ. Pavattaṃ…pe… nimittaṃ…pe… upāyāsaṃ muñcitukamyatāpaṭisaṅkhā-santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇaṃ. Uppādo dukkhanti…pe… bhayanti…pe… sāmisanti…pe… uppādo saṅkhārāti…pe… upāyāso saṅkhārāti muñcitukamyatā-paṭisaṅkhā-santiṭṭhanā paññā saṅkhārupekkhāsu ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.54).
780已對照

七百八十、此中,它既是欲解脫,又是省思,又是住立,故為「欲解脫、省思、住立」。如是,在前分,以厭離智而厭離者欲捨棄生起等,[這]是欲解脫;為作放下的方便,在中間省思,[這]是省思;放下之後,在末後旁觀,[這]是住立。就此而說「『生起是諸行』,旁觀那些行,故為行舍」等(《無礙解道》1.54)。如是,這智唯是一。

780. Tattha muñcitukamyatā ca sā paṭisaṅkhā ca santiṭṭhanā cāti muñcitukamyatā-paṭisaṅkhā-santiṭṭhanā. Iti pubbabhāge nibbidāñāṇena nibbinnassa uppādādīni pariccajitukāmatā muñcitukāmatā. Muñcanassa upāyakaraṇatthaṃ majjhe paṭisaṅkhānaṃ paṭisaṅkhā. Muñcitvā avasāne ajjhupekkhanaṃ santiṭṭhanā. Yaṃ sandhāya ‘‘uppādo saṅkhārā, te saṅkhāre ajjhupekkhatīti saṅkhārupekkhā’’tiādi (paṭi. ma. 1.54) vuttaṃ. Evaṃ ekamevidaṃ ñāṇaṃ.
781已對照

七百八十一、此外,也應依這段聖典了知這[智]唯是一。因為這已被說過:「凡欲解脫[智]、凡省思隨觀、凡行舍——這些法是同一義,唯名相異。」(《無礙解道》1.227)

781. Apica imāyapi pāḷiyā idaṃ ekamevāti veditabbaṃ. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ – ‘‘yā ca muñcitukamyatā, yā ca paṭisaṅkhānupassanā, yā ca saṅkhārupekkhā, ime dhammā ekatthā, byañjanameva nāna’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.227).
782已對照

七百八十二、而如是證得了行舍的這位良家子,他的觀達至頂點,成為至出起的。「達至頂點的觀」也好,「至出起的」也好,這是行舍等三種智的名稱。因為它達到了頂點、[即]最上之性,故為「達至頂點的」;趨至出起,故為「至出起的」。道稱為「出起」,由於[它]從成為外在之相的所趣入的事物、以及從內在的轉起而出起;趨至那[出起],故為「至出起的」,義即與道相連結。

782. Evaṃ adhigatasaṅkhārupekkhassa pana imassa kulaputtassa vipassanā sikhāppattā vuṭṭhānagāminī hoti. Sikhāppattā vipassanāti vā vuṭṭhānagāminīti vā saṅkhārupekkhādiñāṇattayasseva etaṃ nāmaṃ. Sā hi sikhaṃ uttamabhāvaṃ pattattā sikhāppattā. Vuṭṭhānaṃ gacchatīti vuṭṭhānagāminī. Vuṭṭhānaṃ vuccati bahiddhānimittabhūtato abhiniviṭṭhavatthuto ceva ajjhattapavattato ca vuṭṭhahanato maggo, taṃ gacchatīti vuṭṭhānagāminī, maggena saddhiṃ ghaṭiyatīti attho.
783緬 2.300已對照

七百八十三、此中,為闡明趣入與出起,有這論母:於內趣入後從內出起;於內趣入後從外出起;於外趣入後從外出起;於外趣入後從內出起;於色趣入後從色出起;於色趣入後從無色出起;於無色趣入後從無色出起;於無色趣入後從色出起;一舉從五蘊出起;依無常趣入後依無常出起;依無常趣入後依苦、依無我出起;依苦趣入後依苦、依無常、依無我出起;依無我趣入後依無我、依無常、依苦出起。

783. Tatrāyaṃ abhinivesavuṭṭhānānaṃ āvibhāvatthāya mātikā – ajjhattaṃ abhinivisitvā ajjhattā vuṭṭhāti, ajjhattaṃ abhinivisitvā bahiddhā vuṭṭhāti, bahiddhā abhinivisitvā bahiddhā vuṭṭhāti, bahiddhā abhinivisitvā ajjhattā vuṭṭhāti, rūpe abhinivisitvā rūpā vuṭṭhāti, rūpe abhinivisitvā arūpā vuṭṭhāti, arūpe abhinivisitvā arūpā vuṭṭhāti, arūpe abhinivisitvā rūpā vuṭṭhāti, ekappahārena pañcahi khandhehi vuṭṭhāti, aniccato abhinivisitvā aniccato vuṭṭhāti, aniccato abhinivisitvā dukkhato, anattato vuṭṭhāti, dukkhato abhinivisitvā dukkhato, aniccato, anattato vuṭṭhāti, anattato abhinivisitvā anattato, aniccato, dukkhato vuṭṭhāti.
784已對照

七百八十四、怎樣呢?在此,有一人從一開始便趣入於內在的諸行,趣入之後觀察它們。然而由於唯以單見內在並沒有道的出起,外在也必須觀察,因此他對他人的諸蘊與非執受的諸行,也觀察為「無常、苦、無我」。他有時思擇內在,有時[思擇]外在。當他如是思擇時,若在思擇內在之時觀與道相連結,這名為「於內趣入後從內出起」。

784. Kathaṃ? Idhekacco āditova ajjhattasaṅkhāresu abhinivisati, abhinivisitvā te passati. Yasmā pana na suddhaajjhattadassanamatteneva maggavuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, bahiddhāpi daṭṭhabbameva, tasmā parassa khandhepi anupādiṇṇasaṅkhārepi aniccaṃ dukkhamanattāti passati. So kālena ajjhattaṃ sammasati, kālena bahiddhā. Tassevaṃ sammasato ajjhattaṃ sammasanakāle vipassanā maggena saddhiṃ ghaṭiyati. Ayaṃ ajjhattaṃ abhinivisitvā ajjhattā vuṭṭhāti nāma.
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而若在思擇外在之時他的觀與道相連結,這名為「於內趣入後從外出起」。於外趣入後從外與從內出起,也是這個方式。

Sace panassa bahiddhā sammasanakāle vipassanā maggena saddhiṃ ghaṭiyati, ayaṃ ajjhattaṃ abhinivisitvā bahiddhā vuṭṭhāti nāma. Esa nayo bahiddhā abhinivisitvā bahiddhā ca ajjhattā ca vuṭṭhānepi.
785已對照

七百八十五、另一人從一開始便趣入於色,趣入之後把大種色與所造色作成一聚而觀察。然而由於唯以單見色並沒有出起,無色也必須觀察,因此他把以那色為所緣而生起的受、想、諸行與識,[觀]為「這是無色」而觀察無色。他有時思擇色,有時[思擇]無色。當他如是思擇時,若在思擇色之時觀與道相連結,這名為「於色趣入後從色出起」。

785. Aparo āditova rūpe abhinivisati, abhinivisitvā bhūtarūpañca upādārūpañca rāsiṃ katvā passati. Yasmā pana na suddharūpadassanamatteneva vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, arūpampi daṭṭhabbameva. Tasmā taṃ rūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppannaṃ vedanaṃ saññaṃ saṅkhāre viññāṇañca ‘‘idaṃ arūpa’’nti arūpaṃ passati. So kālena rūpaṃ sammasati, kālena arūpaṃ. Tassevaṃ sammasato rūpasammasanakāle vipassanā maggena saddhiṃ ghaṭiyati, ayaṃ rūpe abhinivisitvā rūpā vuṭṭhāti nāma.
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而若在思擇無色之時他的觀與道相連結,這名為「於無色趣入後從無色出起」。於無色趣入後從無色與從色出起,也是這個方式。

Sace panassa arūpasammasanakāle vipassanā maggena saddhiṃ ghaṭiyati, ayaṃ arūpe abhinivisitvā arūpā vuṭṭhāti nāma. Esa nayo arūpe abhinivisitvā arūpā ca rūpā ca vuṭṭhānepi.
786已對照

七百八十六、如是以「凡任何集法,一切皆是滅法」(《長部》1.298)趣入,而在出起之時也正是如此,這名為「一舉從五蘊出起」。

786. ‘‘Yaṃkiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti (dī. ni. 1.298) evaṃ abhinivisitvā evameva vuṭṭhānakāle pana ekappahārena pañcahi khandhehi vuṭṭhāti nāma.
787緬 2.301已對照

七百八十七、有一人從一開始便依無常思擇諸行。然而由於唯以依無常思擇並沒有出起,也必須依苦、依無我思擇,因此他也依苦、依無我思擇。當他如是行道時,若在依無常思擇之時有出起,這名為「依無常趣入後依無常出起」。

787. Eko āditova aniccato saṅkhāre sammasati. Yasmā pana na aniccato sammasanamatteneva vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, dukkhatopi anattatopi sammasitabbameva, tasmā dukkhatopi anattatopi sammasati. Tassevaṃ paṭipannassa aniccato sammasanakāle vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, ayaṃ aniccato abhinivisitvā aniccato vuṭṭhāti nāma.
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而若在依苦、依無我思擇之時他有出起,這名為「依無常趣入後依苦、依無我出起」。依苦、依無我趣入後的其餘諸出起,也是這個方式。

Sace panassa dukkhato anattato sammasanakāle vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, ayaṃ aniccato abhinivisitvā dukkhato, anattato vuṭṭhāti nāma. Esa nayo dukkhato anattato abhinivisitvā sesavuṭṭhānesupi.
788已對照

七百八十八、而此中,無論依無常趣入者、依苦[趣入]者、依無我[趣入]者,若在出起之時是依無常出起,這三人都勝解多,獲得信根,以無相解脫而解脫,在初道的剎那是隨信行者,在七處是信解脫者。而若是依苦出起,這三人都輕安多,獲得定根,以無願解脫而解脫,在一切處是身證者;而此中以無色禪為基礎者,在最上果是俱分解脫者。若他們是依無我出起,這三人都智多,獲得慧根,以空解脫而解脫,在初道的剎那是隨法行者,在六處是見至者,在最上果是慧解脫者。

788. Ettha ca yopi aniccato abhiniviṭṭho, yopi dukkhato, yopi anattato, vuṭṭhānakāle ca aniccato vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Tayopi janā adhimokkhabahulā honti, saddhindriyaṃ paṭilabhanti, animittavimokkhena vimuccanti, paṭhamamaggakkhaṇe saddhānusārino honti, sattasu ṭhānesu saddhāvimuttā. Sace pana dukkhato vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, tayopi janā passaddhibahulā honti, samādhindriyaṃ paṭilabhanti, appaṇihitavimokkhena vimuccanti, sabbattha kāyasakkhino honti. Yassa panettha arūpajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ, so aggaphale ubhatobhāgavimutto hoti. Atha nesaṃ anattato vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti, tayopi janā vedabahulā honti, paññindriyaṃ paṭilabhanti, suññatavimokkhena vimuccanti, paṭhamamaggakkhaṇe dhammānusārino honti, chasu ṭhānesu diṭṭhippattā aggaphale paññāvimuttāti.
789已對照

七百八十九、現在,為連帶前後諸智闡明這至出起觀,應知有十二個譬喻。它們的攝頌是這樣的——

789. Idāni saddhiṃ purimapacchimañāṇehi imissā vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya āvibhāvatthaṃ dvādasa upamā veditabbā. Tāsaṃ idaṃ uddānaṃ –
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「蝙蝠與黑蛇,房屋牛夜叉女孩童;

‘‘Vaggulī kaṇhasappo ca, gharaṃ go yakkhi dārako;
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飢、渴、寒與熱,黑暗以及毒。」

Khuddaṃ pipāsaṃ sītuṇhaṃ, andhakāraṃ visena cā’’ti.
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而這些譬喻,從怖畏現起[智]起,住於任何一種智中都可以引來;然而在這一處引來時,從怖畏現起[智]直到果智,一切都變得明顯,因此說應在這裡引來。

Imā ca upamā bhayatupaṭṭhānato pabhuti yattha katthaci ñāṇe ṭhatvā āharituṃ vaṭṭeyyuṃ. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne āhariyamānāsu bhayatupaṭṭhānato yāva phalañāṇaṃ sabbaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, tasmā idheva āharitabbāti vuttā.
790緬 2.302已對照

七百九十、「蝙蝠(vaggulī)」者:相傳有一隻蝙蝠,[想]「在這裡我將得到花或果」,便落在一棵有五根枝的木蜜樹上,摸了一根枝,在那裡沒有見到任何可取的花或果。如一根,第二、第三、第四根也是如此;摸了第五根枝也沒有見到。它[想]「這樹確實是無果的,這裡沒有任何可取的」,便放下對那樹的執著,沿著一根直的枝爬上去,從枝杈之間探出頭,向上仰望,飛到空中,落在另一棵結果的樹上。

790. Vaggulīti ekā kira vaggulī ‘‘ettha pupphaṃ vā phalaṃ vā labhissāmī’’ti pañcasākhe madhukarukkhe nilīyitvā ekaṃ sākhaṃ parāmasitvā na tattha kiñci pupphaṃ phalaṃ vā gayhupagaṃ addasa. Yathā ca ekaṃ, evaṃ dutiyaṃ, tatiyaṃ, catutthaṃ. Pañcamampi sākhaṃ parāmasitvā nāddasa. Sā ‘‘aphalo vatāyaṃ rukkho, natthettha kiñci gayhupaga’’nti tasmiṃ rukkhe ālayaṃ vissajjetvā ujukāya sākhāya āruyha viṭapantarena sīsaṃ nīharitvā uddhaṃ ulloketvā ākāse uppatitvā aññasmiṃ phalarukkhe nilīyati.
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此中,瑜伽行者應視為猶如蝙蝠;五取蘊猶如有五根枝的木蜜樹;瑜伽者對五蘊的趣入,猶如此中蝙蝠的落下;瑜伽者思擇色蘊,在那裡沒有見到任何可取的,[又]思擇其餘諸蘊,猶如它摸了一根一根的枝,沒有見到任何可取的,[又]摸其餘的枝;瑜伽者依見到五蘊的無常相等而厭離,[生起]欲解脫[智]等三種智,猶如它[想]「這樹確實是無果的」而放下對樹的執著;瑜伽者的隨順[智],猶如它沿著直枝向上爬;種姓智猶如探出頭向上仰望;道智猶如飛到空中;果智猶如落在另一棵結果的樹上。

Tattha vagguli viya yogāvacaro daṭṭhabbo, pañcasākho madhukarukkho viya pañcupādānakkhandhā, tattha vagguliyā nilīyanaṃ viya yogino khandhapañcake abhiniveso, tassā ekekaṃ sākhaṃ parāmasitvā kiñci gayhupagaṃ adisvā avasesasākhāparāmasanaṃ viya yogino rūpakkhandhaṃ sammasitvā tattha kiñci gayhupagaṃ adisvā avasesakkhandhasammasanaṃ, tassā ‘‘aphalo vatāyaṃ rukkho’’ti rukkhe ālayavissajjanaṃ viya yogino pañcasupi khandhesu aniccalakkhaṇādidassanavasena nibbinnassa muñcitukamyatādiñāṇattayaṃ, tassā ujukāya sākhāya upari ārohanaṃ viya yogino anulomaṃ, sīsaṃ nīharitvā uddhaṃ ullokanaṃ viya gotrabhuñāṇaṃ, ākāse uppatanaṃ viya maggañāṇaṃ, aññasmiṃ phalarukkhe nilīyanaṃ viya phalañāṇaṃ.
791已對照

七百九十一、黑蛇的譬喻已在省思智(paṭisaṅkhāñāṇa)中說過了。而在此處譬喻的會通中,種姓智猶如放下蛇;道智猶如放下之後站著回望來時之路;果智猶如走到無怖畏之處而站立——這是差別。

791. Kaṇhasappupamā paṭisaṅkhāñāṇe vuttāva. Upamāsaṃsandane panettha sappavissajjanaṃ viya gotrabhuñāṇaṃ, muñcitvā āgatamaggaṃ olokentassa ṭhānaṃ viya maggañāṇaṃ, gantvā abhayaṭṭhāne ṭhānaṃ viya phalañāṇanti ayaṃ viseso.
792緬 2.303已對照

七百九十二、「房屋(gharaṃ)」者:相傳房主傍晚吃過飯,上床入睡之後,房屋著了火。他醒來見到火,[心生]怖畏,[想]:「若能不被燒著而出去,那就好了!」他張望時見到了路,便出去,迅速走到安穩之處而站立。此中,房主吃過飯、上床入睡,猶如愚痴凡夫對五蘊執取為「我、我的」;醒來見到火而怖畏之時,猶如行於正行道、見到[三]相之後[生起的]怖畏現起智;張望出去之路,猶如欲解脫智;見到路,猶如隨順[智];出去,猶如種姓智;迅速行走,猶如道智;站在安穩之處,猶如果智。

792. Gharanti gharasāmike kira sāyaṃ bhuñjitvā sayanaṃ āruyha niddaṃ okkante gharaṃ ādittaṃ, so pabujjhitvā aggiṃ disvā ‘‘bhīto sādhu vatassa sace aḍayhamāno nikkhameyya’’nti olokayamāno maggaṃ disvā nikkhamitvā vegena khemaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā ṭhito. Tattha gharasāmikassa bhuñjitvā sayanaṃ āruyha niddokkamanaṃ viya bālaputhujjanassa khandhapañcake ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti gahaṇaṃ. Pabujjhitvā aggiṃ disvā bhītakālo viya sammāpaṭipadaṃ paṭipajjitvā lakkhaṇaṃ disvā bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ, nikkhamanamaggaṃ olokanaṃ viya muñcitukamyatāñāṇaṃ, maggadassanaṃ viya anulomaṃ, nikkhamanaṃ viya gotrabhuñāṇaṃ, vegena gamanaṃ viya maggañāṇaṃ, khemaṭṭhāne ṭhānaṃ viya phalañāṇaṃ.
793已對照

七百九十三、「牛(go)」者:相傳有一個農夫夜裡入睡時,牛群衝破牛欄逃走了。他在黎明時到那裡察看,知道它們逃走了,循著足跡前去,見到了國王的牛。他認定「是我的牛」,便牽著回來;天亮時,他認出「這不是我的牛,是國王的牛」,[心生]怖畏,[想]:「趁國王的差役還沒有把我當作『這是盜賊』捉去、使我遭到不幸與災禍,我就馬上逃走。」於是舍下牛群,迅速逃走,站在無怖畏之處。此中,把國王的牛執取為「我的牛」,猶如愚痴凡夫把諸蘊執取為「我、我的」;天亮時認出「是國王的牛」,猶如瑜伽者依三相認出諸蘊是「無常、苦、無我」;怖畏之時,猶如怖畏現起智;想放下[牛群]離去,猶如欲解脫;放下,猶如種姓;逃走,猶如道;逃走之後站在無怖畏之地,猶如果。

793. Goti ekassa kira kassakassa rattibhāge niddaṃ okkantassa vajaṃ bhinditvā goṇā palātā, so paccūsasamaye tattha gantvā olokento tesaṃ palātabhāvaṃ ñatvā anupadaṃ gantvā rañño goṇe addasa. Te ‘‘mayhaṃ goṇā’’ti sallakkhetvā āharanto pabhātakāle ‘‘na ime mayhaṃ goṇā, rañño goṇā’’ti sañjānitvā ‘‘yāva maṃ ‘coro aya’nti gahetvā rājapurisā na anayabyasanaṃ pāpenti, tāvadeva palāyissāmī’’ti bhīto goṇe pahāya vegena palāyitvā nibbhayaṭṭhāne aṭṭhāsi. Tattha ‘‘mayhaṃ goṇā’’ti rājagoṇānaṃ gahaṇaṃ viya bālaputhujjanassa ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti khandhānaṃ gahaṇaṃ, pabhāte ‘‘rājagoṇā’’ti sañjānanaṃ viya yogino tilakkhaṇavasena khandhānaṃ ‘‘aniccā dukkhā anattā’’ti sañjānanaṃ, bhītakālo viya bhayatupaṭṭhānañāṇaṃ, vissajjitvā gantukāmatā viya muñcitukamyatā, vissajjanaṃ viya gotrabhu, palāyanaṃ viya maggo, palāyitvā abhayadese ṭhānaṃ viya phalaṃ.
794已對照

七百九十四、「夜叉女(yakkhī)」者:相傳有一個男子與一個夜叉女同住。她在夜裡[以為]「他睡著了」,便到生屍墳場去吃人肉。他[想]「她到哪裡去呢」,便跟隨[她],見她吃人肉,知道她不是人,[心生]怖畏,[想]「趁她還沒吃我,我就逃走」,便迅速逃走,站在安穩之處。此中,與夜叉女同住,猶如對諸蘊執取為「我、我的」;見她在墳場吃人肉而知道「這是夜叉女」,猶如見到諸蘊的三相而知道[它們的]無常等性;怖畏之時,猶如怖畏現起;想逃走,猶如欲解脫;離開墳場,猶如種姓;迅速逃走,猶如道;站在無怖畏之地,猶如果。

794. Yakkhīti eko kira puriso yakkhiniyā saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappesi, sā rattibhāge ‘‘sutto aya’’nti mantvā āmakasusānaṃ gantvā manussamaṃsaṃ khādati. So ‘‘kuhiṃ esā gacchatī’’ti anubandhitvā manussamaṃsaṃ khādamānaṃ disvā tassā amanussibhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘yāva maṃ na khādati, tāva palāyissāmī’’ti bhīto vegena palāyitvā khemaṭṭhāne aṭṭhāsi. Tattha yakkhiniyā saddhiṃ saṃvāso viya khandhānaṃ ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti gahaṇaṃ, susāne manussamaṃsaṃ khādamānaṃ disvā ‘‘yakkhinī aya’’nti jānanaṃ viya khandhānaṃ tilakkhaṇaṃ disvā aniccādibhāvajānanaṃ, bhītakālo viya bhayatupaṭṭhānaṃ, palāyitukāmatā viya muñcitukamyatā, susānavijahanaṃ viya gotrabhu, vegena palāyanaṃ viya maggo, abhayadese ṭhānaṃ viya phalaṃ.
795緬 2.304已對照

七百九十五、「孩童(dārako)」者:相傳有一個溺愛兒子的婦人,她正坐在樓閣上層,聽到街中有孩童的聲音,[想]「莫非我的兒子被什麼人欺負了」,便急速前去,以「自己的兒子」之想抱起了別人的兒子。她認出「這是別人的兒子」,心生愧怍,東張西望,[想]「可別有人說我『這是偷孩子的女人』」,就把孩子放在原處,又急速登上樓閣而坐下。此中,以自己兒子之想抱起別人的兒子,猶如把五蘊執取為「我、我的」;認出「這是別人的兒子」,猶如依三相認出「[這]不是我、不是我的」;心生愧怍,猶如怖畏現起;東張西望,猶如欲解脫智;把孩子就放在原處,猶如隨順[智];放下之後站在街中之時,猶如種姓;登上樓閣,猶如道;登上之後坐下,猶如果。

795. Dārakoti ekā kira puttagiddhinī itthī, sā uparipāsāde nisinnāva antaravīthiyaṃ dārakasaddaṃ sutvā ‘‘putto nu kho me kenaci viheṭhiyatī’’ti vegasā gantvā ‘‘attano putto’’ti saññāya paraputtaṃ aggahesi. Sā ‘‘paraputto aya’’nti sañjānitvā ottappamānā ito cito ca oloketvā ‘‘mā heva maṃ koci ‘dārakacorī aya’nti vadeyyā’’ti dārakaṃ tattheva oropetvā puna vegasā pāsādaṃ āruyha nisīdi. Tattha attano puttasaññāya paraputtassa gahaṇaṃ viya ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti pañcakkhandhagahaṇaṃ, ‘‘paraputto aya’’nti sañjānanaṃ viya tilakkhaṇavasena ‘‘nāhaṃ, na mamā’’ti sañjānanaṃ, ottappanaṃ viya bhayatupaṭṭhānaṃ, ito cito ca olokanaṃ viya muñcitukamyatāñāṇaṃ, tattheva dārakassa oropanaṃ viya anulomaṃ, oropetvā antaravīthiyaṃ ṭhitakālo viya gotrabhu, pāsādārūhanaṃ viya maggo, āruyha nisīdanaṃ viya phalaṃ.
796已對照

七百九十六、而「飢、渴、寒與熱,黑暗以及毒」——這六個譬喻,是為顯示住於至出起觀者面向、傾向、趨向、朝向出世間法的狀態而說的。因為猶如為飢餓所壓倒、極其飢餓的人希求美味的食物,同樣,這位為輪迴之輪轉的飢餓所觸的瑜伽行者,希求具有不死之味的身至念之食。

796. Khuddaṃ pipāsaṃ sītuṇhaṃ, andhakāraṃ visena cāti imā pana cha upamā vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya ṭhitassa lokuttaradhammābhimukhaninnapoṇapabbhārabhāvadassanatthaṃ vuttā. Yathā hi khuddāya abhibhūto sujighacchito puriso sādurasaṃ bhojanaṃ pattheti, evamevāyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭajighacchāya phuṭṭho yogāvacaro amatarasaṃ kāyagatāsatibhojanaṃ pattheti.
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又猶如口渴的人喉嚨與口乾透,希求以多種成分配成的飲料,同樣,這位為輪迴之輪轉的乾渴所觸的瑜伽行者,希求八支聖道之飲料。

Yathā ca pipāsito puriso parisussamānakaṇṭhamukho anekaṅgasambhāraṃ pānakaṃ pattheti, evamevāyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭapipāsāya phuṭṭho yogāvacaro ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikamaggapānakaṃ pattheti.
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又猶如為寒冷所觸的人希求暖熱,同樣,這位在輪迴之輪轉中為渴愛之潤溼的寒冷所觸的瑜伽行者,希求炙烤煩惱的道之火。

Yathā pana sītasamphuṭṭho puriso uṇhaṃ pattheti, evamevāyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭe taṇhāsinehasītena phuṭṭho yogāvacaro kilesasantāpakaṃ maggatejaṃ pattheti.
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又猶如為炎熱所觸的人希求清涼,同樣,這位在輪迴之輪轉中為十一種火的炙熱所灼燒的瑜伽行者,希求十一種火的止息——涅槃。

Yathā ca uṇhasamphuṭṭho puriso sītaṃ pattheti, evamevāyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭe ekādasaggisantāpasantatto yogāvacaro ekādasaggivūpasamaṃ nibbānaṃ pattheti.
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又猶如為黑暗所籠罩的人希求光明,同樣,這位為無明的黑暗所包裹、遍覆的瑜伽行者,希求智之光明——道的修習。

Yathā pana andhakārapareto puriso ālokaṃ pattheti, evamevāyaṃ avijjandhakārena onaddhapariyonaddho yogāvacaro ñāṇālokaṃ maggabhāvanaṃ pattheti.
緬 2.305已對照

又猶如中毒的人希求解毒的藥,同樣,這位為煩惱之毒所觸的瑜伽行者,希求摧破煩惱之毒的不死之藥——涅槃。因此說:「他這樣知、這樣見時,心於三有……乃至……於九眾生居退縮、退避、轉離而不伸展,舍或厭逆性得以住立。猶如在稍稍傾斜的蓮葉上」——這一切都應依前面所說的方式了知。

Yathā ca visasamphuṭṭho puriso visaghātanaṃ bhesajjaṃ pattheti, evamevāyaṃ kilesavisasamphuṭṭho yogāvacaro kilesavisanimmathanaṃ amatosadhaṃ nibbānaṃ pattheti. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘tassevaṃ jānato evaṃ passato tīsu bhavesu…pe… navasu sattāvāsesu cittaṃ patilīyati patikuṭati pativattati na sampasāriyati. Upekkhā vā pāṭikulyatā vā saṇṭhāti. Seyyathāpi nāma padumapalāse īsakapoṇe’’ti sabbaṃ pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ.
797已對照

七百九十七、而至此,他名為退縮而行者(patilīnacaro),就此而說——

「對退縮而行的比丘,

親近遠離坐處者,

[諸聖者]說那對他是恰當的:

他不於諸有中顯現自己。」(《經集》816;《大義釋》45)

如是,這行舍智決定了瑜伽者的退縮而行之性後,進而也決定聖道的覺支、道支、禪支、行道、解脫的差別。因為有些長老說:「基礎禪決定覺支、道支、禪支的差別。」有些[長老]說:「成為觀之所緣的諸蘊決定[它]。」有些[長老]說:「個人的意樂決定[它]。」應知在他們的這些說法中,也唯是這前分的至出起觀在決定。

797. Ettāvatā ca panesa patilīnacaro nāma hoti, yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –
‘‘Patilīnacarassa bhikkhuno,
Bhajamānassa vivittamāsanaṃ;
Sāmaggiyamāhu tassa taṃ,
Yo attānaṃ bhavane na dassaye’’ti. (su. ni. 816; mahāni. 45);
Evamidaṃ saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ yogino patilīnacarabhāvaṃ niyametvā uttari ariyamaggassāpi bojjhaṅgamaggaṅgajhānaṅgapaṭipadāvimokkhavisesaṃ niyameti. Keci hi therā bojjhaṅgamaggaṅgajhānaṅgānaṃ visesaṃ pādakajjhānaṃ niyametīti vadanti. Keci vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhā niyamentīti vadanti. Keci puggalajjhāsayo niyametīti vadanti. Tesampi vādesu ayaṃ pubbabhāgavuṭṭhānagāminivipassanāva niyametīti veditabbā.
798緬 2.306已對照

七百九十八、此中這是次第之論:因為依觀的決定,幹觀者所生起的道、得等至者不以禪為基礎而生起的道、以初禪為基礎而思擇雜行之後所生起的道,都是屬初禪的;在一切[這些道]中,有七覺支、八道支、五禪支。因為他們前分的觀雖然[有時]與喜悅俱行、[有時]與舍俱行,在出起之時達到行舍之性,便是與喜悅俱行的。在五種法中,以第二、第三、第四禪為基礎而生起的諸道中,禪依次是四支的、三支的、二支的;而在一切[這些道]中有七道支;在第四[禪為基礎者]中有六覺支。這差別是依基礎禪的決定與觀的決定而有的。因為他們前分的觀也是[有時]與喜悅俱行、[有時]與舍俱行的;至出起[觀]則唯與喜悅俱行。而在以第五禪為基礎而生起的道中,依舍與心一境性有兩禪支,覺支與道支[各]是六與七。這差別也是依兩種決定而有的。因為在這方式中,前分的觀或與喜悅俱行,或與舍俱行;至出起[觀]則唯與舍俱行。在以無色禪為基礎而生起的道中,也是這個方式。如是,從基礎禪出起之後思擇任何諸行而生起的道,在[道的]鄰近處所出起的等至,使[道]成為與自己相似,猶如地的顏色[使]蜥蜴的顏色[與之相似]。

798. Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā – vipassanāniyamena hi sukkhavipassakassa uppannamaggopi, samāpattilābhino jhānaṃ pādakaṃ akatvā uppannamaggopi, paṭhamajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā pakiṇṇakasaṅkhāre sammasitvā uppāditamaggopi paṭhamajjhānikāva honti. Sabbesu satta bojjhaṅgāni aṭṭha maggaṅgāni pañca jhānaṅgāni honti. Tesaṃ hi pubbabhāgavipassanā somanassasahagatāpi upekkhāsahagatāpi hutvā vuṭṭhānakāle saṅkhārupekkhābhāvaṃ patvā somanassasahagatā hoti. Pañcakanaye dutiyatatiyacatutthajjhānāni pādakāni katvā uppāditamaggesu yathākkameneva jhānaṃ caturaṅgikaṃ tivaṅgikaṃ duvaṅgikañca hoti. Sabbesu pana satta maggaṅgāni honti. Catutthe cha bojjhaṅgāni. Ayaṃ viseso pādakajjhānaniyamena ceva vipassanāniyamena ca hoti. Tesampi hi pubbabhāgavipassanā somanassasahagatāpi upekkhāsahagatāpi hoti. Vuṭṭhānagāminī somanassasahagatāva. Pañcamajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā nibbattitamagge pana upekkhācittekaggatāvasena dve jhānaṅgāni bojjhaṅgamaggaṅgāni cha satta ceva. Ayampi viseso ubhayaniyamavasena hoti. Imasmiṃ hi naye pubbabhāgavipassanā somanassasahagatā vā upekkhāsahagatā vā hoti. Vuṭṭhānagāminī upekkhāsahagatāva. Arūpajjhānāni pādakaṃ katvā uppāditamaggepi eseva nayo. Evaṃ pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya yekeci saṅkhāre sammasitvā nibbattitamaggassa āsannapadese vuṭṭhitasamāpatti attano sadisabhāvaṃ karoti bhūmivaṇṇo viya godhāvaṇṇassa.
799已對照

七百九十九、而在第二位長老之說中,從哪一種等至出起、思擇哪些等至之法而生起了道,[道]便唯與那一種等至相似。而在那裡,觀的決定也應依所說的方式了知。

799. Dutiyattheravāde pana yato yato samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ye ye samāpattidhamme sammasitvā maggo nibbattito hoti, taṃtaṃsamāpattisadisova hoti. Tatrāpi ca vipassanāniyamo vuttanayeneva veditabbo.
800已對照

八百、在第三位長老之說中,各依自己的意樂,以哪一種禪為基礎、思擇哪些禪法而生起了道,[道]便唯與那一種禪相似。然而沒有基礎禪或所思擇的禪,唯以意樂,那是不成就的。這義應以《難陀迦教誡經》(《中部》3.398 等)來闡明。而在這裡,觀的決定也應依所說的方式了知。如是,應知行舍暫且決定覺支、道支、禪支。

800. Tatiyattheravāde attano attano ajjhāsayānurūpena yaṃ yaṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā ye ye jhānadhamme sammasitvā maggo nibbattito, taṃtaṃjhānasadisova hoti. Pādakajjhānaṃ pana sammasitajjhānaṃ vā vinā ajjhāsayamatteneva taṃ na ijjhati. Svāyamattho nandakovādasuttena (ma. ni. 3.398 ādayo) dīpetabbo. Etthāpi ca vipassanāniyamo vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Evaṃ tāva saṅkhārupekkhā bojjhaṅgamaggaṅgajhānaṅgāni niyametīti veditabbā.
801已對照

八百零一、而若這[行舍]起初鎮伏諸煩惱時,以苦、以加行、有行地才得以鎮伏,便名為苦行道;反之是樂行道。而鎮伏諸煩惱之後,遲緩地作成以觀為住留的道之顯現,便名為遲證智;反之是速證智。如是,這行舍住於來路之處,給予各自的道名稱;因此,道得四個名稱。

801. Sace panāyaṃ ādito kilese vikkhambhayamānā dukkhena sappayogena sasaṅkhārena vikkhambhetuṃ asakkhi, dukkhāpaṭipadā nāma hoti. Vipariyāyena sukhāpaṭipadā. Kilese pana vikkhambhetvā vipassanāparivāsaṃ maggapātubhāvaṃ saṇikaṃ kurumānā dandhābhiññā nāma hoti. Vipariyāyena khippābhiññā. Iti ayaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā āgamanīyaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā attano attano maggassa nāmaṃ deti. Tena maggo cattāri nāmāni labhati.
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而這行道,對某比丘[於諸道]是各異的,對某[比丘]於四道也唯是同一種。而諸佛的四道都唯是樂行道、速證智;法將[舍利弗]也是如此。而大目犍連長老的初道是樂行道、速證智,上面三[道]是苦行道、遲證智。又如行道,諸增上也是如此:對某比丘於四道是各異的,對某[比丘]於四道也唯是同一種。如是,行舍決定行道的差別。而它如何決定解脫的差別,那前面已經說過了。

Sā panāyaṃ paṭipadā kassaci bhikkhuno nānā hoti, kassaci catūsupi maggesu ekāva. Buddhānaṃ pana cattāropi maggā sukhāpaṭipadā khippābhiññāva ahesuṃ. Tathā dhammasenāpatissa. Mahāmoggallānattherassa pana paṭhamamaggo sukhāpaṭipado khippābhiñño ahosi. Upari tayo dukkhāpaṭipadā dandhābhiññā. Yathā ca paṭipadā, evaṃ adhipatayopi kassaci bhikkhuno catūsu maggesu nānā honti. Kassaci catūsupi ekāva. Evaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā paṭipadāvisesaṃ niyameti. Yathā pana vimokkhavisesaṃ niyameti, taṃ pubbe vuttameva.
802已對照

八百零二、此外,所謂道,依五種因由而得名:依自味(sarasena)、依對立(paccanīkena)、依自德(saguṇena)、依所緣、或依來路。因為若行舍依無常思擇諸行而出起,便以無相解脫而解脫;若依苦思擇而出起,便以無願解脫而解脫;若依無我思擇而出起,便以空解脫而解脫。這名為依自味的名稱。

802. Apica maggo nāma pañcahi kāraṇehi nāmaṃ labhati sarasena vā paccanīkena vā saguṇena vā ārammaṇena vā āgamanena vā. Sace hi saṅkhārupekkhā aniccato saṅkhāre sammasitvā vuṭṭhāti, animittavimokkhena vimuccati. Sace dukkhato sammasitvā vuṭṭhāti, appaṇihitavimokkhena vimuccati. Sace anattato sammasitvā vuṭṭhāti, suññatavimokkhena vimuccati. Idaṃ sarasato nāmaṃ nāma.
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而由於它是以無常隨觀作了諸行的密集的分解,舍斷常相、恆相、永恆相而來的,故為無相的;又由於是以苦隨觀舍斷樂想、使願與希求乾涸而來的,故為無願的;由於以無我隨觀舍斷我、眾生、人之想,見諸行為空,故為空的——這名為依對立的名稱。

Yasmā panesa aniccānupassanāya saṅkhārānaṃ ghanavinibbhogaṃ katvā niccanimittadhuvanimittasassatanimittāni pajahanto āgato, tasmā animitto. Dukkhānupassanāya pana sukhasaññaṃ pahāya paṇidhiṃ patthanaṃ sukkhāpetvā āgatattā appaṇihito. Anattānupassanāya attasattapuggalasaññaṃ pahāya saṅkhārānaṃ suññato diṭṭhattā suññatoti idaṃ paccanīkato nāmaṃ nāma.
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而由於它空於貪等,故為空的;由於沒有色相等、或唯沒有貪相等,故為無相的;由於沒有貪之願等,故為無願的——這是它依自德的名稱。

Rāgādīhi panesa suññattā suññato, rūpanimittādīnaṃ rāganimittādīnaññeva vā abhāvena animitto, rāgapaṇidhiādīnaṃ abhāvato appaṇihitoti idamassa saguṇato nāmaṃ.
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而這[道]以空的、無相的、無願的涅槃為所緣,因此也被稱為空的、無相的、無願的。這是它依所緣的名稱。

Svāyaṃ suññaṃ animittaṃ appaṇihitañca nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karotītipi suññato animitto appaṇihitoti vuccati. Idamassa ārammaṇato nāmaṃ.
803緬 2.308已對照

八百零三、而來路有兩種:觀的來路與道的來路。此中,於道得觀的來路,於果得道的來路。因為無我隨觀名為空性,由空性觀[而生]的道是空的;無常隨觀名為無相,由無相觀[而生]的道是無相的。然而這名稱依阿毗達摩的方式不可得,依經教的方式可得。因為[諸師]說:在那裡,種姓智以無相的涅槃為所緣,成為名為無相者,自己住於來路之處,給予道名稱;因此道被稱為無相的。而依道的來路,果是無相的,這當然是合理的。苦隨觀由於使對諸行的願乾涸而來,名為無願;由無願觀[而生]的道是無願的;無願道的果是無願的。如是,觀把自己的名稱給予道,道[把名稱給予]果——這是依來路的名稱。如是,這行舍決定解脫的差別。

803. Āgamanaṃ pana duvidhaṃ vipassanāgamanaṃ maggāgamanañca. Tattha magge vipassanāgamanaṃ labhati, phale maggāgamanaṃ. Anattānupassanā hi suññatā nāma, suññatavipassanāya maggo suññato, aniccānupassanā animittā nāma, animittavipassanāya maggo animitto. Idaṃ pana nāmaṃ na abhidhammapariyāyena labbhati, suttantapariyāyena labbhati. Tatra hi gotrabhuñāṇaṃ animittaṃ nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā animittanāmakaṃ hutvā sayaṃ āgamanīyaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā maggassa nāmaṃ detīti vadanti. Tena maggo animittoti vutto. Maggāgamanena pana phalaṃ animittanti yujjatiyeva. Dukkhānupassanā saṅkhāresu paṇidhiṃ sukkhāpetvā āgatattā appaṇihitā nāma, appaṇihitavipassanāya maggo appaṇihito, appaṇihitamaggassa phalaṃ appaṇihitaṃ. Evaṃ vipassanā attano nāmaṃ maggassa deti, maggo phalassāti idaṃ āgamanato nāmaṃ. Evamayaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā vimokkhavisesaṃ niyametīti.
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行舍智,終。

Saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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隨順智論

Anulomañāṇakathā
804已對照

八百零四、當他習行、修習、多作那行舍智時,勝解之信生起得更強,精進被善加策勵,念善現起,心善得定,更銳利的行捨生起。當他[到了]「現在道將要生起」[之時],行舍把諸行思擇為「無常」或「苦」或「無我」之後沉入有分。在有分之後,依行舍所作的方式,把諸行作為「無常」或「苦」或「無我」的所緣,意門轉向生起。其後,在那轉離有分而生起的唯作心之後,連續著無間隙的心相續,同樣以諸行為所緣,第一速行心生起,它稱為「遍作」。緊接其後,同樣以諸行為所緣,第二速行心生起,它稱為「近行」。緊接其後,也同樣以諸行為所緣,第三速行心生起,它稱為「隨順」。這是它們各別的名稱。

804. Tassa taṃ saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaṃ āsevantassa bhāventassa bahulīkarontassa adhimokkhasaddhā balavatarā nibbattati, vīriyaṃ supaggahitaṃ hoti, sati sūpaṭṭhitā, cittaṃ susamāhitaṃ, tikkhatarā saṅkhārupekkhā uppajjati. Tassa ‘‘dāni maggo uppajjissatī’’ti saṅkhārupekkhā saṅkhāre aniccāti vā dukkhāti vā anattāti vā sammasitvā bhavaṅgaṃ otarati. Bhavaṅgānantaraṃ saṅkhārupekkhāya katanayeneva saṅkhāre aniccāti vā dukkhāti vā anattāti vā ārammaṇaṃ kurumānaṃ uppajjati manodvārāvajjanaṃ. Tato bhavaṅgaṃ āvaṭṭetvā uppannassa tassa kiriyacittassānantaraṃ avīcikaṃ cittasantatiṃ anuppabandhamānaṃ tatheva saṅkhāre ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppajjati paṭhamaṃ javanacittaṃ, yaṃ parikammanti vuccati. Tadanantaraṃ tatheva saṅkhāre ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppajjati dutiyaṃ javanacittaṃ, yaṃ upacāranti vuccati. Tadanantarampi tatheva saṅkhāre ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppajjati tatiyaṃ javanacittaṃ, yaṃ anulomanti vuccati. Idaṃ nesaṃ pāṭiyekkaṃ nāmaṃ.
緬 2.309已對照

而不加區別,這三種也都可以稱為「串習」、「遍作」、「近行」、「隨順」。隨順於什麼呢?隨順於前分與後分。因為它以同樣的作用隨順於前面八種觀智,也隨順於上面的三十七菩提分法。因為它依無常相等而緣諸行轉起,猶如依義而說:「生滅智確實見到了唯有生滅之諸法的生與滅」「壞滅隨觀確實見到了唯有壞滅之[諸法]的壞滅」「對怖畏現起[智]現起為怖畏的,確實唯是有怖畏者」「過患隨觀確實於唯有過患者見到了過患」「厭離智確實於唯應厭離者而厭離」「欲解脫智確實對唯應放下者生起了欲解脫」「以省思智所省思的,確實唯是應省思者」「以行舍所舍的,確實唯是應舍者」——如是以同樣的作用隨順於這八種智;又由於上面的三十七菩提分法須以這行道而證得,[故也隨順於它們]。

Avisesena pana tividhampetaṃ āsevanantipi parikammantipi upacārantipi anulomantipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Kissānulomaṃ? Purimabhāgapacchimabhāgānaṃ. Tañhi purimānaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ vipassanāñāṇānaṃ tathakiccatāya ca anulometi, upari ca sattatiṃsāya bodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ. Tañhi aniccalakkhaṇādivasena saṅkhāre ārabbha pavattattā, ‘‘udayabbayavantānaṃyeva vata dhammānaṃ udayabbayañāṇaṃ uppādavaye addasā’’ti ca, ‘‘bhaṅgavantānaṃyeva vata bhaṅgānupassanaṃ bhaṅgaṃ addasā’’ti ca, ‘‘sabhayaṃyeva vata bhayatupaṭṭhānassa bhayato upaṭṭhita’’nti ca, ‘‘sādīnaveyeva vata ādīnavānupassanaṃ ādīnavaṃ addasā’’ti ca, ‘‘nibbinditabbeyeva vata nibbidāñāṇaṃ nibbinna’’nti ca, ‘‘muñcitabbamhiyeva vata muñcitukamyatāñāṇaṃ muñcitukāmaṃ jāta’’nti ca, ‘‘paṭisaṅkhātabbaṃyeva vata paṭisaṅkhāñāṇena paṭisaṅkhāta’’nti ca, ‘‘upekkhitabbaṃyeva vata saṅkhārupekkhāya upekkhita’’nti ca atthato vadamānaṃ viya imesañca aṭṭhannaṃ ñāṇānaṃ tathakiccatāya anulometi, upari ca sattatiṃsāya bodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ tāya paṭipattiyā pattabbattā.
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譬如如法的國王坐在斷事之處,聽了司法大臣們的判決,捨棄行不應行處,成為中立者,[說]「就這樣吧」而隨喜,既隨順於他們的判決,也隨順於古代的王法——此應知亦如是。因為隨順智猶如國王,八種智猶如八位司法大臣,三十七菩提分法猶如古代的王法。此中,猶如國王說「就這樣吧」,既隨順於司法官們的判決,也隨順於王法;同樣,這[隨順智]依無常等而緣諸行生起,既以同樣的作用隨順於八種智,也隨順於上面的三十七菩提分法。正因此,它被稱為諦隨順智。

Yathā hi dhammiko rājā vinicchayaṭṭhāne nisinno vohārikamahāmattānaṃ vinicchayaṃ sutvā agatigamanaṃ pahāya majjhatto hutvā ‘‘evaṃ hotū’’ti anumodamāno tesañca vinicchayassa anulometi, porāṇassa ca rājadhammassa, evaṃsampadamidaṃ veditabbaṃ. Rājā viya hi anulomañāṇaṃ, aṭṭha vohārikamahāmattā viya aṭṭha ñāṇāni, porāṇo rājadhammo viya sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyā. Tattha yathā rājā ‘‘evaṃ hotū’’ti vadamāno vohārikānañca vinicchayassa, rājadhammassa ca anulometi, evamidaṃ aniccādivasena saṅkhāre ārabbha uppajjamānaṃ aṭṭhannañca ñāṇānaṃ tathakiccatāya anulometi, upari ca sattatiṃsāya bodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ. Teneva saccānulomikañāṇanti vuccatīti.
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隨順智,終。

Anulomañāṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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至出起觀論

Vuṭṭhānagāminīvipassanākathā
805緬 2.310已對照

八百零五、而這隨順智是以諸行為所緣的至出起觀的終點;然而就一切而言,種姓智才是至出起觀的終點。現在,為了對那至出起觀不迷惑,應知這諸經的會通。

即——

因為這至出起觀,在《六處分別經》中,由說了「諸比丘,依止非彼所成性、緣於非彼所成性,凡那[依]一性[而有]的、依於一性的舍,你們要舍斷它,你們要超越它」(《中部》3.310),如是被說為「非彼所成性」。

在《蛇喻經》中,由說了「厭離而離貪,由離貪而解脫」(《中部》1.245),如是被說為「厭離」。

在《須深經》中,由說了「須深,先是法住智,其後是於涅槃之智」(《相應部》2.70),如是被說為「法住智」。

在《布吒婆樓經》中,由說了「布吒婆樓,是想先生起、後有智」(《長部》1.416),如是被說為「想的頂點」。

在《十上經》中,由說了「行道智見清淨是清淨勤支」(《長部》3.359),如是被說為「清淨勤支」。

在《無礙解道》中,由說了「凡欲解脫[智]、凡省思隨觀、凡行舍——這些法是同一義,唯名相異」(《無礙解道》1.227),如是以三個名字被說。

在《發趣論》中,由說了「隨順[為]種姓的[緣],隨順[為]淨化的[緣]」(《發趣論》1.1.417),如是以三個名字被說。

在《傳車經》中,由說了「賢友,那麼是為了行道智見清淨而在世尊[座下]住梵行嗎?」(《中部》1.257),如是被說為「行道智見清淨」。

如是以眾多名稱,大仙所稱揚的、

至出起的、寂靜的、清淨的觀;

欲從輪迴苦之泥、大怖畏中出起的、

具智之人,應於此恆常致力。

805. Idañca pana anulomañāṇaṃ saṅkhārārammaṇāya vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya pariyosānaṃ hoti. Sabbena sabbaṃ pana gotrabhuñāṇaṃ vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya pariyosānaṃ. Idāni tassāyeva vuṭṭhānagāminiyā vipassanāya asammohatthaṃ ayaṃ suttasaṃsandanā veditabbā.
Seyyathidaṃ –
Ayañhi vuṭṭhānagāminī vipassanā saḷāyatanavibhaṅgasutte ‘‘atammayataṃ, bhikkhave, nissāya atammayataṃ āgamma yāyaṃ upekkhā ekattā ekattasitā, taṃ pajahatha taṃ samatikkamathā’’ti (ma. ni. 3.310) evaṃ atammayatāti vuttā.
Alagaddasuttante ‘‘nibbindaṃ virajjati, virāgā vimuccatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.245) evaṃ nibbidāti vuttā.
Susimasuttante ‘‘pubbe kho, susima, dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ, pacchā nibbāne ñāṇa’’nti (saṃ. ni. 2.70) evaṃ dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇanti vuttā.
Poṭṭhapādasuttante ‘‘saññā kho, poṭṭhapāda, paṭhamaṃ uppajjati, pacchā ñāṇa’’nti (dī. ni. 1.416) evaṃ saññagganti vuttā.
Dasuttarasuttante ‘‘paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅga’’nti (dī. ni. 3.359) evaṃ pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅganti vuttā.
Paṭisambhidāmagge ‘‘yā ca muñcitukamyatā yā ca paṭisaṅkhānupassanā yā ca saṅkhārupekkhā, ime dhammā ekatthā byañjanameva nāna’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.227) evaṃ tīhi nāmehi vuttā.
Paṭṭhāne ‘‘anulomaṃ gotrabhussa, anulomaṃ vodānassā’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.417) evaṃ tīhi nāmehi vuttā.
Rathavinītasuttante ‘‘kiṃ panāvuso, paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhatthaṃ bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.257) evaṃ paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhīti vuttā.
Itinekehi nāmehi, kittitā yā mahesinā;
Vuṭṭhānagāminī santā, parisuddhā vipassanā.
Vuṭṭhātukāmo saṃsāra-dukkhapaṅkā mahabbhayā;
Kareyya satataṃ tattha, yogaṃ paṇḍitajātikoti.
已對照

如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,

Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge
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于慧的修習之部,

Paññābhāvanādhikāre
已對照

名為〈行道智見清淨的解說〉的

Paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhiniddeso nāma
已對照

第二十一章[終]。

Ekavīsatimo paricchedo.