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清淨道論·神通的解說 Abhiññāniddeso

本經目錄十三、神通的解說天耳界論天耳界論,終。他心智論他心智論,終。宿住隨念智論宿住隨念智論,終。死生智論死生智論,終。雜論如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,名為〈神通的解說〉的第十三章[終]。

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十三、神通的解說

13. Abhiññāniddeso
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天耳界論

Dibbasotadhātukathā
400緬 2.37已對照

四百、現在輪到天耳界的解說次第了。此中,在這[天耳界]與其後的三種神通中,「當他的心如此得定」等(《長部》1.240 等)的意義,應依所說的方式了知;而我們在一切處只解釋差別之處。此中,於「以天耳界(dibbāya sotadhātuyā)」這裡:由於與天的相似,故為「天」。因為諸天有由善行之業所生、不為膽汁、痰、血等所障礙、由於脫離了染汙而能領受遠處所緣的天的淨色耳界;而這比丘由精進修習之力所生的這智耳界,也正是那樣的,所以由於與天的相似,故為「天」。此外,由於依天住而獲得、自身也依止於天住,也為「天」。依聽聞之義與無命之義,為「耳界」;又由於作耳界的作用、猶如耳界,也為「耳界」。[即]以那天耳界。

400. Idāni dibbasotadhātuyā niddesakkamo anuppatto. Tattha tato parāsu ca tīsu abhiññāsu so evaṃ samāhite cittetiādīnaṃ (dī. ni. 1.240 ādayo) attho vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Sabbattha pana visesamattameva vaṇṇayissāma. Tatra dibbāya sotadhātuyāti ettha dibbasadisattā dibbā. Devānaṃ hi sucaritakammanibbattā pittasemharuhirādīhi apalibuddhā upakkilesavimuttatāya dūrepi ārammaṇaṃ sampaṭicchanasamatthā dibbapasādasotadhātu hoti. Ayañcāpi imassa bhikkhuno vīriyabhāvanābalanibbattā ñāṇasotadhātu tādisāyevāti dibbasadisattā dibbā. Apica dibbavihāravasena paṭiladdhattā attanā ca dibbavihārasannissitattāpi dibbā. Savanaṭṭhena nijjīvaṭṭhena ca sotadhātu. Sotadhātukiccakaraṇena ca sotadhātu viyātipi sotadhātu. Tāya dibbāya sotadhātuyā.
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「清淨(visuddhāya)」者:即遍淨的、無染汙的。「超人的(atikkantamānusikāya)」者:即越過人所行之處,以聽聞聲音而超越了人的肉耳界、越過而住立的。「聽見……兩種聲音(ubho sadde suṇāti)」者:即聽見兩種聲音。哪兩種?天的與人的——是說諸天的與人們的聲音。應知以此[說的]是部分的攝盡。「無論遠的還是近的(ye dūre santike ca)」者:是說凡遠在他輪圍的聲音,以及凡近處、甚至依止於自己身體的小生物的聲音,他都聽見。應知以此[說的]是無餘的攝盡。

Visuddhāyāti parisuddhāya nirupakkilesāya. Atikkantamānusikāyāti manussūpacāraṃ atikkamitvā saddasavanena mānusikaṃ maṃsasotadhātuṃ atikkantāya vītivattitvā ṭhitāya. Ubho sadde suṇātīti dve sadde suṇāti. Katame dve? Dibbe ca mānuse ca, devānañca manussānañca saddeti vuttaṃ hoti. Etena padesapariyādānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Ye dūre santike cāti ye saddā dūre paracakkavāḷepi ye ca santike antamaso sadehasannissitapāṇakasaddāpi, te suṇātīti vuttaṃ hoti. Etena nippadesapariyādānaṃ veditabbaṃ.
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那麼,這[天耳界]應如何生起呢?那比丘應入作為神通之基礎的禪那,出[定]後,以遍作定之心,首先轉向平常耳路中遠處的粗聲——林中獅子等的聲音;[然後是]寺中的鐘聲、大鼓聲、螺貝聲、以全力誦習的沙彌與年少比丘的誦習聲、作平常談話者的「什麼,尊者?什麼,賢友?」等聲、鳥聲、風聲、腳步聲、沸水的嘶嘶聲、日曬中正在乾的多羅葉聲、小蟻等的聲音——如是從最粗的[聲音]開始,應依次轉向細微的聲音。他應作意東方諸聲音的聲相;應作意西方、北方、南方、下方、上方,東方的隅、西方、北方、南方的隅的諸聲音的聲相;應作意粗的與細的諸聲音的聲相。那些聲音對他平常的心也是明顯的,而對遍作定之心則極為明顯。

Kathaṃ panāyaṃ uppādetabbāti? Tena bhikkhunā abhiññāpādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya parikammasamādhicittena paṭhamataraṃ pakatisotapathe dūre oḷāriko araññe sīhādīnaṃ saddo āvajjitabbo. Vihāre ghaṇḍisaddo, bherisaddo, saṅkhasaddo, sāmaṇeradaharabhikkhūnaṃ sabbathāmena sajjhāyantānaṃ sajjhāyanasaddo, pakatikathaṃ kathentānaṃ ‘‘kiṃ bhante, kimāvuso’’tiādisaddo, sakuṇasaddo, vātasaddo, padasaddo, pakkuthitaudakassa cicciṭāyanasaddo, ātape sussamānatālapaṇṇasaddo, kunthakipillikādisaddoti evaṃ sabboḷārikato pabhuti yathākkamena sukhumasaddā āvajjitabbā. Tena puratthimāya disāya saddānaṃ saddanimittaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Pacchimāya, uttarāya, dakkhiṇāya, heṭṭhimāya, uparimāya disāya, puratthimāya anudisāya, pacchimāya, uttarāya, dakkhiṇāya anudisāya saddānaṃ saddanimittaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Oḷārikānampi sukhumānampi saddānaṃ saddanimittaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Tassa te saddā pākatikacittassāpi pākaṭā honti. Parikammasamādhicittassa pana ativiya pākaṭā.
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當他如是作意聲相時,[正當]「現在天耳界將生起」之際,以那些聲音中的某一個為所緣,意門轉向生起。當它滅去時,四個或五個速行速行,其中前三個或前四個是名為遍作、近行、隨順、種姓的欲界[心],第四個或第五個是色界的、屬第四禪的安止心。此中,應知凡與那安止心一同生起的智,這就是天耳界。此後,他便已落入那[智]耳中。使它堅固時,應[想]「我聽見這範圍內的聲音」,限定約一指之量而增長;然後應依二指、四指、八指、一張手、一肘、室內、門廊、殿堂、僧房、僧園、行乞村、地方等,直到輪圍,或更遠,一再地限定而增長。

Tassevaṃ saddanimittaṃ manasikaroto idāni dibbasotadhātu uppajjissatīti tesu saddesu aññataraṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārāvajjanaṃ uppajjati. Tasmiṃ niruddhe cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti, yesaṃ purimāni tīṇi cattāri vā parikammaupacārānulomagotrabhunāmakāni kāmāvacarāni, catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ vā appanācittaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ catutthajjhānikaṃ. Tattha yaṃ tena appanācittena saddhiṃ uppannaṃ ñāṇaṃ, ayaṃ dibbasotadhātūti veditabbā. Tato paraṃ tasmiṃ sote patito hoti. Taṃ thāmajātaṃ karontena ‘‘etthantare saddaṃ suṇāmī’’ti ekaṅgulamattaṃ paricchinditvā vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Tato dvaṅgulacaturaṅgulaaṭṭhaṅgulavidatthiratanaantogabbhapamukhapāsādapariveṇasaṅghārāmagocaragāmajanapadādivasena yāva cakkavāḷaṃ tato vā bhiyyopi paricchinditvā paricchinditvā vaḍḍhetabbaṃ.
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如是已證得神通者,對於在基礎禪所緣所遍滿的空間之內的聲音,即使不再入基礎禪,也必以神通智聽見。而如是聽時,即使直到梵天界因螺貝、大鼓、鐃鼓等聲音而成為一片喧鬧,若有各別辨定的意欲,他也必能辨定:「這是螺貝聲,這是大鼓聲。」

Evaṃ adhigatābhiñño esa pādakajjhānārammaṇena phuṭṭhokāsabbhantaragatepi sadde puna pādakajjhānaṃ asamāpajjitvāpi abhiññāñāṇena suṇātiyeva. Evaṃ suṇanto ca sacepi yāva brahmalokā saṅkhabheripaṇavādisaddehi ekakolāhalaṃ hoti, pāṭiyekkaṃ vavatthapetukāmatāya sati ayaṃ saṅkhasaddo ayaṃ bherisaddoti vavatthapetuṃ sakkotiyevāti.
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天耳界論,終。

Dibbasotadhātukathā niṭṭhitā.
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他心智論

Cetopariyañāṇakathā
401緬 2.39已對照

四百零一、在〈他心智論〉中,於「於他心智(cetopariyañāṇāya)」這裡:周遍了知(pariyāti),故為「遍」(pariya),即界定之義。心的「遍」,為「心遍」(cetopariya)。既是心遍,又是智,故為「他心智」(cetopariyañāṇa)。是說:為了那[智]。「其他眾生的(parasattānaṃ)」者:即除了自己之外其餘眾生的。「其他人的(parapuggalānaṃ)」者:這與那[詞]也是同一義;而依所化者、並依說法的巧妙,作了文句的差異。「以心……心(cetasā ceto)」者:即以自己的心[知]他們的心。「遍知(paricca pajānāti)」者:即界定之後,依有貪等以種種方式了知。

401. Cetopariyañāṇakathāya cetopariyañāṇāyāti ettha pariyātīti pariyaṃ, paricchindatīti attho. Cetaso pariyaṃ cetopariyaṃ. Cetopariyañca taṃ ñāṇañcāti cetopariyañāṇaṃ. Tadatthāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Parasattānanti attānaṃ ṭhapetvā sesasattānaṃ. Parapuggalānanti idampi iminā ekatthameva. Veneyyavasena pana desanāvilāsena ca byañjananānattaṃ kataṃ. Cetasā cetoti attano cittena tesaṃ cittaṃ. Paricca pajānātīti paricchinditvā sarāgādivasena nānappakārato jānāti.
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那麼,這智應如何生起呢?因為它依天眼而成就,那[天眼]是它的遍作。所以那比丘應增長光明,以天眼見到依止他人心臟之色(hadayarūpa)而轉起的血的顏色,而尋求[其]心。因為當喜悅心轉起時,[血]是紅的,如熟了的榕果;當憂心轉起時,是黑的,如熟了的閻浮果;當舍心轉起時,如澄淨的胡麻油。所以,他應見他人心臟之血的顏色[而辨定]:「這色是由喜悅根等起的,這是由憂根等起的,這是由舍根等起的」,以此尋求[其]心,使他心智堅固。因為當它如是堅固時,他便依次了知一切欲界心以及色界、無色界心,從心到心地轉移,即使不見心臟之色也[能了知]。這也已在義注中說過:「在無色[界]中想知他人的心,他看誰的心臟之色、觀察誰的根的變異呢?誰的也不。這是有神通者的境界,即:無論在何處,轉向心時,便了知十六種類的心。而這番話是依未作專注致力者而說的。」

Kathaṃ panetaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppādetabbanti? Etañhi dibbacakkhuvasena ijjhati, taṃ etassa parikammaṃ. Tasmā tena bhikkhunā ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā dibbena cakkhunā parassa hadayarūpaṃ nissāya vattamānassa lohitassa vaṇṇaṃ passitvā cittaṃ pariyesitabbaṃ. Yadā hi somanassacittaṃ vattati, tadā rattaṃ nigrodhapakkasadisaṃ hoti. Yadā domanassacittaṃ vattati, tadā kāḷakaṃ jambupakkasadisaṃ. Yadā upekkhācittaṃ vattati, tadā pasannatilatelasadisaṃ. Tasmā tena ‘‘idaṃ rūpaṃ somanassindriyasamuṭṭhānaṃ, idaṃ domanassindriyasamuṭṭhānaṃ, idaṃ upekkhindriyasamuṭṭhāna’’nti parassa hadayalohitavaṇṇaṃ passitvā cittaṃ pariyesantena cetopariyañāṇaṃ thāmagataṃ kātabbaṃ. Evaṃ thāmagate hi tasmiṃ anukkamena sabbampi kāmāvacaracittaṃ rūpāvacarārūpāvacaracittañca pajānāti cittā cittameva saṅkamanto vināpi hadayarūpadassanena. Vuttampi cetaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘āruppe parassa cittaṃ jānitukāmo kassa hadayarūpaṃ passati, kassindriyavikāraṃ oloketīti? Na kassaci. Iddhimato visayo esa yadidaṃ yattha katthaci cittaṃ āvajjanto soḷasappabhedaṃ cittaṃ jānāti. Akatābhinivesassa pana vasena ayaṃ kathā’’ti.
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而在「有貪的心(sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ)」等中,應知八種與貪俱行的心是「有貪的心」;其餘四地的善與無記心是離貪的。而兩種憂心、兩種疑與掉舉的心,這四種心不入於這一對的攝。然而有些長老也把它們攝入。而兩種憂心名為有瞋的心;一切四地的善與無記心是離瞋的。其餘十種不善心不入於這一對的攝。然而有些長老也把它們攝入。

Sarāgaṃ vā cittantiādīsu pana aṭṭhavidhaṃ lobhasahagataṃ cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti veditabbaṃ. Avasesaṃ catubhūmakaṃ kusalābyākataṃ cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ. Dve domanassacittāni dve vicikicchuddhaccacittānīti imāni pana cattāri cittāni imasmiṃ duke saṅgahaṃ na gacchanti. Keci pana therā tānipi saṅgaṇhanti. Duvidhaṃ pana domanassacittaṃ sadosaṃ cittaṃ nāma. Sabbampi catubhūmakaṃ kusalābyākataṃ vītadosaṃ. Sesāni dasākusalacittāni imasmiṃ duke saṅgahaṃ na gacchanti. Keci pana therā tānipi saṅgaṇhanti.
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「有痴、離痴(samohaṃ vītamohaṃ)」這裡:依不共的方式,唯有與疑俱行、與掉舉俱行的兩種是有痴的;然而由於痴在一切不善中都有,應知十二種不善心都是「有痴的心」;其餘的是離痴的。而隨昏沉睡眠的是萎縮的;隨掉舉的是散亂的;色界、無色界的是廣大的;其餘的是不廣大的;一切三地的是有上的;出世間的是無上的;達到近行的與達到安止的是得定的;兩者都未達到的是無定的;達到彼分、鎮伏、正斷、安息、出離解脫的是解脫的;應知未達到這五種解脫的是未解脫的。如是,得他心智的比丘了知一切種類的這[心]:有貪的心……乃至……未解脫的心,了知為「未解脫的心」。

Samohaṃ vītamohanti ettha pana pāṭipuggalikanayena vicikicchuddhaccasahagatadvayameva samohaṃ, mohassa pana sabbākusalesu sambhavato dvādasavidhampi akusalacittaṃ samohaṃ cittanti veditabbaṃ. Avasesaṃ vītamohaṃ. Thinamiddhānugataṃ pana saṃkhittaṃ. Uddhaccānugataṃ vikkhittaṃ. Rūpāvacarārūpāvacaraṃ mahaggataṃ. Avasesaṃ amahaggataṃ. Sabbampi tebhūmakaṃ sauttaraṃ. Lokuttaraṃ anuttaraṃ. Upacārappattaṃ appanāppattañca samāhitaṃ. Ubhayamappattaṃ asamāhitaṃ. Tadaṅgavikkhambhanasamucchedapaṭipassaddhinissaraṇavimuttippattaṃ vimuttaṃ. Pañcavidhampi etaṃ vimuttimappattaṃ avimuttanti veditabbaṃ. Iti cetopariyañāṇalābhī bhikkhu sabbappakārampi idaṃ sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānātīti.
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他心智論,終。

Cetopariyañāṇakathā niṭṭhitā.
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宿住隨念智論

Pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇakathā
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四百零二、在宿住隨念智論中,「於宿住隨念智(pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya)」(《長部》1.244)者:即為了那在宿住隨念中的智。「宿住(pubbenivāso)」者:即先前於過去諸生中所住過的諸蘊。「所住過的(nivutthā)」者:即已居住的、已經歷的、在自己的相續中生起而已滅去的;或者[是]所住過的諸法。「所住過的」者:即依行境之住(gocaranivāsa)而住過的,[即]為自己的識所識知、所辨別的;或者在隨念已斷[輪迴之]路者(chinnavaṭumaka)等[情形]中,也是為他人的識所識知的——那些唯諸佛可得。「宿住隨念(pubbenivāsānussati)」者:即以之隨念宿住的那個念,那是宿住隨念。「智(ñāṇaṃ)」者:即與那念相應的智。如是,「於宿住隨念智」是說:為了這宿住隨念智,[即]為了這智的證得、獲得——是所說的意思。

402. Pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇakathāyaṃ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāyāti (dī. ni. 1.244) pubbenivāsānussatimhi yaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tadatthāya. Pubbenivāsoti pubbe atītajātīsu nivutthakkhandhā. Nivutthāti ajjhāvutthā anubhūtā attano santāne uppajjitvā niruddhā. Nivutthadhammā vā. Nivutthāti gocaranivāsena nivutthā attano viññāṇena viññātā paricchinnā, paraviññāṇaviññātāpi vā chinnavaṭumakānussaraṇādīsu, te buddhānaṃyeva labbhanti. Pubbenivāsānussatīti yāya satiyā pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, sā pubbenivāsānussati. Ñāṇanti tāya satiyā sampayuttañāṇaṃ. Evamimassa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa atthāya pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya etassa ñāṇassa adhigamāya pattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti.
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「許多種(anekavihitaṃ)」者:即多種的;或以多種方式所轉起的,[即]被詳述的——此是其義。「宿住(pubbenivāsaṃ)」者:即以緊接的過去有為始,於彼彼處所住過的相續。「回憶起(anussarati)」者:即依蘊的次第,或依死與結生,一再隨行而憶念。因為有六種人隨念這宿住:外道、一般弟子(pakatisāvaka)、大弟子、上首弟子、獨覺佛、諸佛。

Anekavihitanti anekavidhaṃ, anekehi vā pakārehi pavattitaṃ, saṃvaṇṇitanti attho. Pubbenivāsanti samanantarātītabhavaṃ ādiṃ katvā tattha tattha nivutthasantānaṃ. Anussaratīti khandhapaṭipāṭivasena cutipaṭisandhivasena vā anugantvā anugantvā sarati. Imañhi pubbenivāsaṃ cha janā anussaranti – titthiyā, pakatisāvakā, mahāsāvakā, aggasāvakā, paccekabuddhā, buddhāti.
緬 2.41已對照

此中,外道只能隨念四十劫,不能超過那[限度]。為什麼呢?由於慧弱。因為他們缺乏名色限定,所以慧弱。一般弟子能隨念百劫,也能隨念千劫,由於慧強。八十大弟子隨念十萬劫。兩位上首弟子[隨念]一阿僧祇又十萬[劫]。獨覺佛[隨念]兩阿僧祇又十萬[劫]。因為他們的發願(abhinīhāra)正是這麼多。而諸佛則沒有所謂的限量。

Tattha titthiyā cattālīsaṃyeva kappe anussaranti, na tato paraṃ. Kasmā, dubbalapaññattā. Tesañhi nāmarūpaparicchedavirahitattā dubbalā paññā hoti. Pakatisāvakā kappasatampi kappasahassampi anussarantiyeva, balavapaññattā. Asītimahāsāvakā satasahassakappe anussaranti. Dve aggasāvakā ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ satasahassañca. Paccekabuddhā dve asaṅkhyeyyāni satasahassañca. Ettako hi etesaṃ abhinīhāro. Buddhānaṃ pana paricchedo nāma natthi.
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又,外道只依蘊的次第憶念,不能捨了次第而依死與結生憶念。因為他們就像盲人一樣,不能踏入所欲之處。正如盲人不放開手杖而行,同樣,他們不放開諸蘊的次第而憶念。一般弟子既依蘊的次第隨念,也依死與結生轉移。八十大弟子也是如此。而兩位上首弟子沒有[依]蘊的次第之事:他們見了一個自體的死,便看結生,又見了另一個[自體]的死,[便看]結生——如是唯依死與結生轉移而行。獨覺佛也是如此。

Titthiyā ca khandhapaṭipāṭimeva saranti, paṭipāṭiṃ muñcitvā cutipaṭisandhivasena sarituṃ na sakkonti. Tesañhi andhānaṃ viya icchitapadesokkamanaṃ natthi. Yathā pana andhā yaṭṭhiṃ amuñcitvāva gacchanti, evaṃ te khandhānaṃ paṭipāṭiṃ amuñcitvāva saranti. Pakatisāvakā khandhapaṭipāṭiyāpi anussaranti cutipaṭisandhivasenapi saṅkamanti. Tathā asītimahāsāvakā. Dvinnaṃ pana aggasāvakānaṃ khandhapaṭipāṭikiccaṃ natthi. Ekassa attabhāvassa cutiṃ disvā paṭisandhiṃ passanti, puna aparassa cutiṃ disvā paṭisandhinti evaṃ cutipaṭisandhivaseneva saṅkamantā gacchanti. Tathā paccekabuddhā.
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而諸佛既沒有[依]蘊的次第之事,也沒有依死與結生轉移之事。因為對他們而言,在許多俱胝劫中,無論在下或在上,凡他們所欲的處所,那一處便顯明。所以他們把許多俱胝劫也像中略的聖典(peyyālapāḷi)那樣縮略,凡所欲之處,就在那裡踏入,以獅子躍進(sīhokkanta)的方式而行。而當他們如是行時,他們的智——猶如一位曾熟練射穿毛髮、如薩羅跋伽(Sarabhaṅga)般的弓箭手射出的箭,在中途不掛礙於樹木、藤蔓等,唯落在靶上,不掛礙、不偏失——同樣,[他們的智]在中間諸生中不掛礙、不偏失,不掛礙、不偏失地唯取所欲的處所。

Buddhānaṃ pana neva khandhapaṭipāṭikiccaṃ, na cutipaṭisandhivasena saṅkamanakiccaṃ atthi. Tesañhi anekāsu kappakoṭīsu heṭṭhā vā upari vā yaṃ yaṃ ṭhānaṃ icchanti, taṃ taṃ pākaṭameva hoti. Tasmā anekāpi kappakoṭiyo peyyālapāḷiṃ viya saṃkhipitvā yaṃ yaṃ icchanti, tatra tatreva okkamantā sīhokkantavasena gacchanti. Evaṃ gacchantānañca nesaṃ ñāṇaṃ yathā nāma katavālavedhaparicayassa sarabhaṅgasadisassa dhanuggahassa khitto saro antarā rukkhalatādīsu asajjamāno lakkheyeva patati, na sajjati, na virajjhati, evaṃ antarantarāsu jātīsu na sajjati, na virajjhati, asajjamānaṃ avirajjhamānaṃ icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃyeva gaṇhāti.
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而在這些隨念宿住的眾生之中,外道的宿住之見,如螢火蟲的光那樣現起。一般弟子的,如燈光。大弟子的,如火炬的光。上首弟子的,如太白星(osadhitārakā)的光。獨覺佛的,如月光。諸佛的,則如以千道光芒莊嚴的秋日輪那樣現起。

Imesu ca pana pubbenivāsaṃ anussaraṇasattesu titthiyānaṃ pubbenivāsadassanaṃ khajjupanakapabhāsadisaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti. Pakatisāvakānaṃ dīpappabhāsadisaṃ. Mahāsāvakānaṃ ukkāpabhāsadisaṃ. Aggasāvakānaṃ osadhitārakappabhāsadisaṃ. Paccekabuddhānaṃ candappabhāsadisaṃ. Buddhānaṃ rasmisahassapaṭimaṇḍitasaradasūriyamaṇḍalasadisaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti.
緬 2.42已對照

又,外道的宿住隨念,如盲人循杖端而行。一般弟子的,如走獨木橋。大弟子的,如走步行橋。上首弟子的,如走車橋。獨覺佛的,如走大步行道。諸佛的,如走大車道。

Titthiyānañca pubbenivāsānussaraṇaṃ andhānaṃ yaṭṭhikoṭigamanaṃ viya hoti. Pakatisāvakānaṃ daṇḍakasetugamanaṃ viya. Mahāsāvakānaṃ jaṅghasetugamanaṃ viya. Aggasāvakānaṃ sakaṭasetugamanaṃ viya. Paccekabuddhānaṃ mahājaṅghamaggagamanaṃ viya. Buddhānaṃ mahāsakaṭamaggagamanaṃ viya.
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而在此部中,所意指的是弟子的宿住隨念。所以說:「『回憶起』者:即依蘊的次第,或依死與結生,一再隨行而憶念。」

Imasmiṃ pana adhikāre sāvakānaṃ pubbenivāsānussaraṇaṃ adhippetaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘anussaratīti khandhapaṭipāṭivasena cutipaṭisandhivasena vā anugantvā anugantvā saratī’’ti.
403已對照

四百零三、所以,想要如是隨唸的初學比丘,應在食後從乞食回來,獨處靜坐,依次入四禪,從作為神通之基礎的第四禪出[定]後,轉向最後的那一次坐。其後[應轉向]:敷設座位、進入坐臥處、收拾缽與衣、用餐之時、從村落回來之時、在村落中乞食而行之時、入村落乞食之時、從寺出來之時、禮敬塔廟庭院與菩提樹庭院之時、洗缽之時、取缽之時、從取缽直到洗臉所作之事、黎明時所作之事、中夜所作之事、初夜所作之事——如是依逆序轉向一整個晝夜所作之事。這麼多,連對平常的心也是明顯的;而對遍作定之心則極為明顯。

403. Tasmā evamanussaritukāmena ādikammikena bhikkhunā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantena rahogatena paṭisallinena paṭipāṭiyā cattāri jhānāni samāpajjitvā abhiññāpādakacatutthajjhānato vuṭṭhāya sabbapacchimā nisajjā āvajjitabbā. Tato āsanapaññāpanaṃ, senāsanappavesanaṃ, pattacīvarapaṭisāmanaṃ, bhojanakālo, gāmato āgamanakālo, gāme piṇḍāya caritakālo, gāmaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhakālo, vihārato nikkhamanakālo, cetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇavandanakālo, pattadhovanakālo, pattapaṭiggahaṇakālo, pattapaṭiggahaṇato yāva mukhadhovanā katakiccaṃ, paccūsakāle katakiccaṃ, majjhimayāme katakiccaṃ, paṭhamayāme katakiccanti evaṃ paṭilomakkamena sakalaṃ rattindivaṃ katakiccaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ. Ettakaṃ pana pakaticittassapi pākaṭaṃ hoti. Parikammasamādhicittassa pana atipākaṭameva.
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但若此中有任何[事]不明顯,應再入基礎禪,出[定]後轉向。由此便像點亮了燈一樣明顯。如是也應依逆序轉向第二日,第三、第四、第五日,十日,半月,一月,直到一年所作之事。依這同樣的方便,以「十年、二十年」[的方式]轉向,直到在此有中自己的結生為止的人,應轉向於前一有的死剎那所轉起的名色。因為有智的比丘在第一回便能揭開結生,以死剎那的名色為所緣。

Sace panettha kiñci na pākaṭaṃ hoti, puna pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya āvajjitabbaṃ. Ettakena dīpe jalite viya pākaṭaṃ hoti. Evaṃ paṭilomakkameneva dutiyadivasepi tatiyacatutthapañcamadivasepi dasāhepi aḍḍhamāsepi māsepi yāva saṃvaccharāpi katakiccaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ. Eteneva upāyena dasavassāni vīsativassānīti yāva imasmiṃ bhave attano paṭisandhi, tāva āvajjantena purimabhave cutikkhaṇe pavattitanāmarūpaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ. Pahoti hi paṇḍito bhikkhu paṭhamavāreneva paṭisandhiṃ ugghāṭetvā cutikkhaṇe nāmarūpamārammaṇaṃ kātuṃ.
緬 2.43已對照

然而,因為在前一有中,名色已無餘地滅去,另有[名色]生起,所以那一處所是幽閉的,猶如漆黑的黑暗,劣慧者難以看見。即使是他,也不應[想]「我不能揭開結生,以死剎那所轉起的名色為所緣」而放棄努力(dhuranikkhepa);而應一再入那同一基礎禪,每次出[定]後都轉向那一處所。

Yasmā pana purimabhave nāmarūpaṃ asesaṃ niruddhaṃ aññaṃ uppannaṃ, tasmā taṃ ṭhānaṃ āhundarikaṃ andhatamamiva hoti duddasaṃ duppaññena. Tenāpi ‘‘na sakkomahaṃ paṭisandhiṃ ugghāṭetvā cutikkhaṇe pavattitanāmarūpamārammaṇaṃ kātu’’nti dhuranikkhepo na kātabbo. Tadeva pana pādakajjhānaṃ punappunaṃ samāpajjitabbaṃ. Tato ca vuṭṭhāya vuṭṭhāya taṃ ṭhānaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ.
已對照

因為如是做時,譬如有個強壯的人,為了[做]尖頂屋的頂尖[木]而砍一棵大樹,才砍斷枝葉,斧刃就鈍了,雖然砍不倒大樹,卻不放棄努力,而是到鐵匠鋪使人把斧頭磨利,再回來砍;[斧刃]又鈍了,便再照樣使人[磨利]而砍。他如是砍時,由於已砍之處無須再砍,並且砍那未砍之處,不久就能砍倒大樹。正是如此,從基礎禪出[定]後,不轉向先前已轉向過的,唯轉向結生,不久就能揭開結生,以死剎那所轉起的名色為所緣。也應以劈柴者、剃髮者等[的譬喻]闡明這一義。

Evaṃ karonto hi seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso kūṭāgārakaṇṇikatthāya mahārukkhaṃ chindanto sākhāpalāsacchedanamatteneva pharasudhārāya vipannāya mahārukkhaṃ chindituṃ asakkontopi dhuranikkhepaṃ akatvāva kammārasālaṃ gantvā tikhiṇaṃ pharasuṃ kārāpetvā puna āgantvā chindeyya, puna vipannāya ca punapi tatheva kāretvā chindeyya. So evaṃ chindanto chinnassa chinnassa puna chetabbābhāvato acchinnassa ca chedanato nacirasseva mahārukkhaṃ pāteyya, evamevaṃ pādakajjhānā vuṭṭhāya pubbe āvajjitaṃ anāvajjitvā paṭisandhimeva āvajjanto nacirasseva paṭisandhiṃ ugghāṭetvā cutikkhaṇe pavattitanāmarūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ kareyyāti. Kaṭṭhaphālakakesohārakādīhipi ayamattho dīpetabbo.
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此中,以從最後的坐起直到結生為止[的諸事]為所緣而轉起的智,不名為宿住智。它名為遍作定智(parikammasamādhiñāṇa)。某些[師]也說[它是]過去分智(atītaṃsañāṇa)。那[說法]若就色界[智]而言,是不合理的。而當這比丘越過結生,以死剎那所轉起的名色為所緣,意門轉向生起;它滅去後,四個或五個速行便以那同一[名色]為所緣而速行。其餘照前面所說的方式:前面那些名為遍作等的是欲界的;最後的是色界第四禪的安止心。那時,他與那心俱生的智,這名為宿住隨念智。他以與那智相應的念,「回憶起許多種宿住,即:一生、二生……乃至……如此,他回憶起具有行相、具有細節的許多種宿住」(《長部》1.244)。

Tattha pacchimanisajjato pabhuti yāva paṭisandhito ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattaṃ ñāṇaṃ pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ nāma na hoti. Taṃ pana parikammasamādhiñāṇaṃ nāma hoti. Atītaṃsañāṇantipi eke vadanti. Taṃ rūpāvacaraṃ sandhāya na yujjati. Yadā panassa bhikkhuno paṭisandhiṃ atikkamma cutikkhaṇe pavattitanāmarūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārāvajjanaṃ uppajjati, tasmiñca niruddhe tadevārammaṇaṃ katvā cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti. Sesaṃ pubbe vuttanayeneva purimāni parikammādināmakāni kāmāvacarāni honti. Pacchimaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ catutthajjhānikaṃ appanācittaṃ. Tadāssa yaṃ tena cittena saha ñāṇaṃ uppajjati, idaṃ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ nāma. Tena ñāṇena sampayuttāya satiyā anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathidaṃ, ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussaratīti (dī. ni. 1.244).
404緬 2.44已對照

四百零四、此中,「一生(ekampi jātiṃ)」者:即以結生為根、以死為終、攝屬於一有的一個蘊相續。於「二生(dvepi jātiyo)」等[句]中也是此法。而於「許多壞劫(anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe)」等[句]中,應知衰減中的劫是壞劫,增長中的劫是成劫。此中,以「壞」也攝取了壞住(saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī),因為[壞住]以那[壞]為根本;以「成」也[攝取了]成住(vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī)。因為如此一來,那[經中]所說的「諸比丘,有這四種劫的阿僧祇。哪四種[阿僧祇]呢?壞、壞住、成、成住」(《增支部》4.156,稍有不同),那些便被攝取了。

404. Tattha ekampi jātinti ekampi paṭisandhimūlaṃ cutipariyosānaṃ ekabhavapariyāpannaṃ khandhasantānaṃ. Esa nayo dvepi jātiyotiādīsupi. Anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappetiādīsu pana parihāyamāno kappo saṃvaṭṭakappo, vaḍḍhamāno vivaṭṭakappoti veditabbo. Tattha saṃvaṭṭena saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī gahito hoti, taṃmūlakattā. Vivaṭṭena ca vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī, evañhi sati yāni tāni ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, kappassa asaṅkhyeyyāni. Katamāni cattāri? Saṃvaṭṭo, saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī, vivaṭṭo, vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyīti (a. ni. 4.156 thokaṃ visadisaṃ) vuttāni, tāni pariggahitāni honti.
已對照

此中,有三種壞:水壞、火壞、風壞。有三種壞的界限:光音天、遍淨天、廣果天。

Tattha tayo saṃvaṭṭā – āposaṃvaṭṭo, tejosaṃvaṭṭo, vāyosaṃvaṭṭoti. Tisso saṃvaṭṭasīmā – ābhassarā, subhakiṇhā, vehapphalāti.
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當劫由火而壞滅時,光音[天]以下被火焚燒。當由水而壞滅時,遍淨[天]以下被水溶解。當由風而壞滅時,廣果[天]以下被風摧散。而就廣度而言,[每次]總是一個佛土毀滅。

Yadā kappo tejena saṃvaṭṭati, ābhassarato heṭṭhā agginā ḍayhati. Yadā āpena saṃvaṭṭati, subhakiṇhato heṭṭhā udakena vilīyati. Yadā vāyunā saṃvaṭṭati, vehapphalato heṭṭhā vātena viddhaṃsati. Vitthārato pana sadāpi ekaṃ buddhakhettaṃ vinassati.
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所謂佛土有三種:生界域(jātikhetta)、教令界域(āṇākhetta)、境界域(visayakhetta)。此中,生界域以一萬輪圍界為邊際,它在如來取結生等時震動。教令界域以十萬俱胝輪圍界為邊際,在那裡,《寶經》(《小誦》6.1 等)、《蘊護[經]》(《小品》251;《增支部》4.67)、《幢頂護[經]》(《相應部》1.249)、《阿吒那胝護[經]》(《長部》3.275 等)、《孔雀護[經]》(《本生》1.2.17-18)——這些護[經]的威力運行。境界域無邊無量,它就是[世尊]所說的「或者,凡[他]所欲求的[範圍]」(《增支部》3.81)——在那裡,凡如來所欲求的,他便了知那個。如是,在這三種佛土中,毀滅的是一個教令界域。而當它毀滅時,生界域也必然[隨之]毀滅。而它毀滅時是同時毀滅,安立時也是同時安立。它的毀滅與安立應如下了知。

Buddhakhettaṃ nāma tividhaṃ hoti – jātikhettaṃ, āṇākhettaṃ, visayakhettañca. Tattha jātikhettaṃ dasasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ hoti. Yaṃ tathāgatassa paṭisandhigahaṇādīsu kampati. Āṇākhettaṃ koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ, yattha ratanasuttaṃ (khu. pā. 6.1 ādayo) khandhaparittaṃ (cūḷava. 251; a. ni. 4.67) dhajaggaparittaṃ (saṃ. ni. 1.249) āṭānāṭiyaparittaṃ (dī. ni. 3.275 ādayo) moraparittanti (jā. 1.2.17-18) imesaṃ parittānaṃ ānubhāvo vattati. Visayakhettaṃ anantamaparimāṇaṃ. Yaṃ ‘‘yāvatā vā pana ākaṅkheyyā’’ti (a. ni. 3.81) vuttaṃ, yattha yaṃ yaṃ tathāgato ākaṅkhati, taṃ taṃ jānāti. Evametesu tīsu buddhakhettesu ekaṃ āṇākhettaṃ vinassati. Tasmiṃ pana vinassante jātikhettampi vinaṭṭhameva hoti. Vinassantañca ekatova vinassati, saṇṭhahantampi ekato saṇṭhahati. Tassevaṃ vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.
405緬 2.45已對照

四百零五、當劫由火而毀滅之時,起初,毀滅劫的大雲升起,在十萬俱胝輪圍界中降下一場大雨。人們滿意、歡喜,取出一切種子播種。然而當莊稼長到牛可以吃的程度時,[那雲]發出驢鳴般的聲音,連一滴也不降下,那時雨就斷絕而徹底斷絕了。世尊正是就此而說:「諸比丘,有這樣的時候:許多年、許多百年、許多千年、許多十萬年,天不降雨。」(《增支部》7.66)依雨而活的眾生命終之後生於梵天界,依花果而活的天神們也[是如此]。如是經過了漫長的時期,各處的水都趨於枯竭,於是魚與龜也次第命終,生於梵天界,地獄眾生也[是如此]。此中,某些[師]說:地獄眾生是在第七個太陽出現時毀滅的。

405. Yasmiṃ hi samaye kappo agginā nassati, āditova kappavināsakamahāmegho vuṭṭhahitvā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷe ekaṃ mahāvassaṃ vassati. Manussā tuṭṭhahaṭṭhā sabbabījāni nīharitvā vapanti. Sassesu pana gokhāyitakamattesu jātesu gadrabharavaṃ ravanto ekabindumpi na vassati, tadā pacchinnaṃ pacchinnameva vassaṃ hoti. Idaṃ sandhāya hi bhagavatā ‘‘hoti kho so, bhikkhave, samayo yaṃ bahūni vassāni bahūni vassasatāni bahūni vassasahassāni bahūni vassasatasahassāni devo na vassatī’’ti (a. ni. 7.66) vuttaṃ. Vassūpajīvino sattā kālaṅkatvā brahmaloke nibbattanti, pupphaphalūpajīviniyo ca devatā. Evaṃ dīghe addhāne vītivatte tattha tattha udakaṃ parikkhayaṃ gacchati, athānupubbena macchakacchapāpi kālaṅkatvā brahmaloke nibbattanti, nerayikasattāpi. Tattha nerayikā sattamasūriyapātubhāve vinassantīti eke.
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離了禪,便沒有在梵天界的投生;而這些[眾生]之中,有些為饑荒所逼,有些不能證得禪,他們如何生於那裡呢?——依在天界所獲得的禪[而生]。因為那時,名為世間聚集(lokabyūha)的欲界諸天[知道]「十萬年之後將有劫壞」,便解開頭髻、披散頭髮、面帶哭容、以手拭淚、身穿紅衣、作極其醜陋的裝扮,遊行於人間道路上,這樣宣告:「尊駕們,從此十萬年之後,將有劫壞;這世間將要毀滅,大海也將乾涸,這大地與須彌山王將被焚燒、毀滅;世間的毀滅將直至梵天界。尊駕們,請修慈,[修]悲、喜;尊駕們,請修舍;請奉侍母親,請奉侍父親,請成為尊敬家中長輩者。」

Jhānaṃ vinā natthi brahmaloke nibbatti, etesañca keci dubbhikkhapīḷitā keci abhabbā jhānādhigamāya, te kathaṃ tattha nibbattantīti. Devaloke paṭiladdhajjhānavasena. Tadā hi ‘‘vassasatasahassassaccayena kappuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissatī’’ti lokabyūhā nāma kāmāvacaradevā muttasirā vikiṇṇakesā rudamukhā assūni hatthehi puñchamānā rattavatthanivatthā ativiya virūpavesadhārino hutvā manussapathe vicarantā evaṃ ārocenti ‘‘mārisā ito vassasatasahassassaccayena kappavuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissati, ayaṃ loko vinassissati, mahāsamuddopi ussussissati, ayañca mahāpathavī sineru ca pabbatarājā uddayhissanti vinassissanti. Yāva brahmalokā lokavināso bhavissati. Mettaṃ mārisā bhāvetha, karuṇaṃ, muditaṃ, upekkhaṃ mārisā bhāvetha, mātaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, pitaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino hothā’’ti.
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聽了他們的話,人們與地居天神大多生起悚懼,彼此心變柔軟,作了慈等諸福,生於天界。在那裡,他們食用天界的甘露之食,於風遍作了遍作,獲得禪。而其餘[眾生]則以後後受業生於天界。因為在輪迴中流轉的眾生,沒有一個是沒有後後受業的。他們也在那裡同樣獲得禪。如是,一切[眾生]都依在天界所獲得的禪而生於梵天界。

Tesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā yebhuyyena manussā ca bhummadevatā ca saṃvegajātā aññamaññaṃ muducittā hutvā mettādīni puññāni karitvā devaloke nibbattanti. Tattha dibbasudhābhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā vāyokasiṇe parikammaṃ katvā jhānaṃ paṭilabhanti. Tadaññe pana aparāpariyavedanīyena kammena devaloke nibbattanti. Aparāpariyavedanīyakammarahito hi saṃsāre saṃsaramāno satto nāma natthi. Tepi tattha tatheva jhānaṃ paṭilabhanti. Evaṃ devaloke paṭiladdhajjhānavasena sabbepi brahmaloke nibbattantīti.
緬 2.46已對照

而在雨斷絕之後,經過漫長的時期,第二個太陽出現。這也已由世尊說過:「諸比丘,有這樣的時候」——應依《七日經》(《增支部》7.66)詳說。而當它出現時,既無夜的界限,也無晝的界限可知。一個太陽昇起,一個太陽落下,世間唯有不間斷的日熱。而如同在平常的太陽中有太陽天子,在毀滅劫的太陽中則沒有。此中,當平常的太陽運行時,空中也有云與煙縷飄行;當毀滅劫的太陽運行時,天空沒有煙與雲,如鏡面般無垢。除了五大河之外,其餘小河等之中的水都乾涸了。

Vassūpacchedato pana uddhaṃ dīghassa addhuno accayena dutiyo sūriyo pātubhavati. Vuttampi cetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘hoti kho so, bhikkhave, samayo’’ti sattasūriyaṃ (a. ni. 7.66) vitthāretabbaṃ. Pātubhūte ca pana tasmiṃ neva rattiparicchedo, na divāparicchedo paññāyati. Eko sūriyo uṭṭheti, eko atthaṃ gacchati. Avicchinnasūriyasantāpova loko hoti. Yathā ca pakatisūriye sūriyadevaputto hoti, evaṃ kappavināsakasūriye natthi. Tattha pakatisūriye vattamāne ākāse valāhakāpi dhūmasikhāpi caranti. Kappavināsakasūriye vattamāne vigatadhūmavalāhakaṃ ādāsamaṇḍalaṃ viya nimmalaṃ nabhaṃ hoti. Ṭhapetvā pañca mahānadiyo sesakunnadīādīsu udakaṃ sussati.
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此後又經過漫長的時期,第三個太陽出現。由於它的出現,連大河也乾涸了。

Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena tatiyo sūriyo pātubhavati. Yassa pātubhāvā mahānadiyopi sussanti.
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此後又經過漫長的時期,第四個太陽出現。由於它的出現,在雪山中作為諸大河之源的「獅子崖、鵝落、甘那門達、拉他卡拉湖、阿耨達池、六牙象湖、鳩那羅湖」這七大湖都乾涸了。

Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena catuttho sūriyo pātubhavati. Yassa pātubhāvā himavati mahānadīnaṃ pabhavā ‘‘sīhapapāto haṃsapātano kaṇṇamuṇḍako rathakāradaho anotattadaho chaddantadaho kuṇāladaho’’ti ime satta mahāsarā sussanti.
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此後又經過漫長的時期,第五個太陽出現。由於它的出現,大海中漸漸連浸溼一節手指那麼多的水也留存不住。

Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena pañcamo sūriyo pātubhavati. Yassa pātubhāvā anupubbena mahāsamudde aṅgulipabbatemanamattampi udakaṃ na saṇṭhāti.
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此後又經過漫長的時期,第六個太陽出現。由於它的出現,整個輪圍界成為一片煙,[其中的]溼潤為煙所耗盡。正如這[輪圍界],十萬俱胝輪圍界也是如此。

Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena chaṭṭho sūriyo pātubhavati. Yassa pātubhāvā sakalacakkavāḷaṃ ekadhūmaṃ hoti. Pariyādiṇṇasinehaṃ dhūmena. Yathā cidaṃ, evaṃ koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷānipi.
緬 2.47已對照

此後又經過漫長的時期,第七個太陽出現。由於它的出現,整個輪圍界連同十萬俱胝輪圍界成為一片火焰。高百由旬等種種的須彌山峰也崩落,就在空中消失。那火焰升起,吞沒四大王天。在那裡燒燬了金宮殿、寶宮殿、摩尼宮殿之後,吞沒三十三天的天宮。依這同樣的方便,[一直]吞沒到初禪地。在那裡把三個梵天界也燒燬之後,觸及光音[天]而止住。只要還有微塵許的行類(saṅkhāragata)存在,它便不熄滅;而由於一切行[類]的耗盡,它就像焚燒酥油與油的火焰一樣,連灰燼也不留下而熄滅。上方的虛空與下方的虛空合而為一,是一片大黑暗。

Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena sattamo sūriyo pātubhavati. Yassa pātubhāvā sakalacakkavāḷaṃ ekajālaṃ hoti saddhiṃ koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷehi. Yojanasatikādibhedāni sinerukūṭānipi palujjitvā ākāseyeva antaradhāyanti. Sā aggijālā uṭṭhahitvā cātumahārājike gaṇhāti. Tattha kanakavimānaratanavimānamaṇivimānāni jhāpetvā tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ gaṇhāti. Eteneva upāyena yāva paṭhamajjhānabhūmiṃ gaṇhāti. Tattha tayopi brahmaloke jhāpetvā ābhassare āhacca tiṭṭhati. Sā yāva aṇumattampi saṅkhāragataṃ atthi, tāva na nibbāyati. Sabbasaṅkhāraparikkhayā pana sappitelajhāpanaggisikhā viya chārikampi anavasesetvā nibbāyati. Heṭṭhāākāsena saha upariākāso eko hoti mahandhakāro.
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四百零六、然後經過漫長的時期,大雲升起,起初下著極細的雨。漸漸以如睡蓮莖、杖、杵、棕櫚樹幹等粗細的雨柱降雨,把十萬俱胝輪圍界中一切被燒過的處所填滿之後,便消失了。風在那水的下方與四周生起,把它凝聚成團,圓圓的,就像蓮葉上的水滴一樣。若問:「[風]怎能把那麼大的水聚凝聚成團呢?」——由於給予空隙。因為那[水]在一一處給它(風)空隙。那[水]如是被風聚攏、被凝聚、消減,漸漸往下降落。隨著水一層層降下,在梵天界之處出現梵天界,在上方四欲界天界之處出現諸天界。

406. Atha dīghassa addhuno accayena mahāmegho uṭṭhahitvā paṭhamaṃ sukhumaṃ sukhumaṃ vassati. Anupubbena kumudanāḷayaṭṭhimusalatālakkhandhādippamāṇāhi dhārāhi vassanto koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu sabbaṃ daḍḍhaṭṭhānaṃ pūretvā antaradhāyati. Taṃ udakaṃ heṭṭhā ca tiriyañca vāto samuṭṭhahitvā ghanaṃ karoti parivaṭumaṃ paduminipatte udakabindusadisaṃ. Kathaṃ tāva mahantaṃ udakarāsiṃ ghanaṃ karotīti ce? Vivarasampadānato. Tañhissa tamhi tamhi vivaraṃ deti. Taṃ evaṃ vātena sampiṇḍiyamānaṃ ghanaṃ kariyamānaṃ parikkhayamānaṃ anupubbena heṭṭhā otarati. Otiṇṇe otiṇṇe udake brahmalokaṭṭhāne brahmalokā, upari catukāmāvacaradevalokaṭṭhāne ca devalokā pātubhavanti.
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而當[水]降到先前大地之處時,便生起強風。它們使那水不得透氣而將它堵住,猶如出口被堵住的濾水器中停住的水。甜水在消減時,在上面生起地味(rasapathavī)。它色具足,香具足、味也具足,猶如無水的乳粥上面的一層膜。

Purimapathaviṭṭhānaṃ otiṇṇe pana balavavātā uppajjanti. Te taṃ pihitadvāre dhamakaraṇe ṭhitaudakamiva nirassāsaṃ katvā rundhanti. Madhurodakaṃ parikkhayaṃ gacchamānaṃ upari rasapathaviṃ samuṭṭhāpeti. Sā vaṇṇasampannā ceva hoti gandharasasampannā ca nirudakapāyāsassa upari paṭalaṃ viya.
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那時,在光音梵天界中較早生起的眾生,由於壽命盡或福報盡,從那裡死沒而投生於此。他們自身發光、飛行於空中。他們依《起世因本經》(《長部》3.119)所說的方式嚐了那地味,為渴愛所征服,便著手把它掰成塊來食用。於是他們的自身光明隱沒,成為黑暗。他們見到黑暗便害怕起來。

Tadā ca ābhassarabrahmaloke paṭhamatarābhinibbattā sattā āyukkhayā vā puññakkhayā vā tato cavitvā idhūpapajjanti. Te honti sayaṃpabhā antalikkhacarā. Te aggaññasutte (dī. ni. 3.119) vuttanayena taṃ rasapathaviṃ sāyitvā taṇhābhibhūtā āluppakārakaṃ paribhuñjituṃ upakkamanti. Atha nesaṃ sayaṃpabhā antaradhāyati, andhakāro hoti. Te andhakāraṃ disvā bhāyanti.
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於是,為他們消除怖畏、生起勇氣(sūrabhāva)的、足足五十由旬的日輪出現了。他們見了它,[說]「我們得到光明瞭」,歡喜滿意,[說]:「它為我們這些害怕的人消除怖畏、生起勇氣而升起,所以就叫它『日(sūriya)』吧」,便給它取名為「日」。

Tato nesaṃ bhayaṃ nāsetvā sūrabhāvaṃ janayantaṃ paripuṇṇapaṇṇāsayojanaṃ sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ pātubhavati, te taṃ disvā ‘‘ālokaṃ paṭilabhimhā’’ti haṭṭhatuṭṭhā hutvā ‘‘amhākaṃ bhītānaṃ bhayaṃ nāsetvā sūrabhāvaṃ janayanto uṭṭhito, tasmā ‘‘sūriyo hotū’’ti sūriyotvevassa nāmaṃ karonti.
緬 2.48已對照

後來,當日照明瞭白天而落下時,他們又害怕起來:「連我們所得到的那光明也失去了。」他們這樣想:「如果我們能得到別的光明,那該多好啊!」猶如知道了他們的心一般,四十九由旬的月輪出現了。他們見了它,更加歡喜滿意,[說]:「它猶如知道了我們的意願(chanda)而升起,所以就叫它『月(canda)』吧」,便給它取名為「月」。如是月與日出現之後,星宿星象出現了。

Atha sūriye divasaṃ ālokaṃ katvā atthaṅgate yampi ālokaṃ labhimhā, sopi no naṭṭhoti puna bhītā honti. Tesaṃ evaṃ hoti ‘‘sādhu vatassa sace aññaṃ ālokaṃ labheyyāmā’’ti. Tesaṃ cittaṃ ñatvā viya ekūnapaṇṇāsayojanaṃ candamaṇḍalaṃ pātubhavati. Te taṃ disvā bhiyyoso mattāya haṭṭhatuṭṭhā hutvā ‘‘amhākaṃ chandaṃ ñatvā viya uṭṭhito, tasmā cando hotū’’ti candotvevassa nāmaṃ karonti. Evaṃ candimasūriyesu pātubhūtesu nakkhattāni tārakarūpāni pātubhavanti.
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從那時起,晝與夜顯現了,又依次[顯現了]月與半月、季與年。而就在月與日出現的那一天,須彌山、輪圍山、雪山諸山出現了。而它們不先不後,正在頗求那[月]的滿月之日出現。如何[出現]呢?譬如煮粟飯時,一下子冒起許多氣泡:有些地方隆起成一個個小丘,有些地方凹陷,有些地方平坦。同樣,在隆起之處成為山,在凹陷之處成為海,在平坦之處成為洲。

Tato pabhuti rattindivā paññāyanti, anukkamena ca māsaddhamāsautusaṃvaccharā. Candimasūriyānaṃ pana pātubhūtadivaseyeva sinerucakkavāḷahimavantapabbatā pātubhavanti. Te ca kho apubbaṃ acarimaṃ phagguṇapuṇṇamadivaseyeva pātubhavanti. Kathaṃ? Yathā nāma kaṅgubhatte paccamāne ekappahāreneva pupphuḷakāni uṭṭhahanti. Eke padesā thūpathūpā honti, eke ninnaninnā, eke samasamā. Evamevaṃ thūpathūpaṭṭhāne pabbatā honti, ninnaninnaṭṭhāne samuddā, samasamaṭṭhāne dīpāti.
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然後,那些眾生食用地味,漸漸有些容色美好,有些容色醜陋。其中容色美好者輕蔑容色醜陋者。由於他們的過慢之緣,那地味也隱沒了,地餅(bhūmipappaṭaka)出現了。然後依同樣的方式,那[地餅]也隱沒了,蔓藤(padālatā)出現了。依同樣的方式,那[蔓藤]也隱沒了,不耕而熟的粳米(akaṭṭhapāka sāli)出現了:無糠、無殼、潔淨、芳香、以米粒為果。

Atha tesaṃ sattānaṃ rasapathaviṃ paribhuñjantānaṃ kamena ekacce vaṇṇavanto, ekacce dubbaṇṇā honti. Tattha vaṇṇavanto dubbaṇṇe atimaññanti. Tesaṃ atimānapaccayā sāpi rasapathavī antaradhāyati. Bhūmipappaṭako pātubhavati. Atha nesaṃ teneva nayena sopi antaradhāyati. Padālatā pātubhavati. Teneva nayena sāpi antaradhāyati. Akaṭṭhapāko sāli pātubhavati akaṇo athuso suddho sugandho taṇḍulapphalo.
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此後,他們有器皿出現。他們把粳米放在器皿中,放在石面上,火焰自行升起把它煮熟。那飯如素馨花一般,無須用湯或菜餚[調配];他們想吃哪一種味,它便是那一種味。他們自從食用那粗的食物之時起,便生起了尿與糞。於是為了它的排出,他們身上裂開了瘡口,男人顯現出男性,女人也顯現出女性。

Tato nesaṃ bhājanāni uppajjanti. Te sāliṃ bhājane ṭhapetvā pāsāṇapiṭṭhiyā ṭhapenti, sayameva jālasikhā uṭṭhahitvā taṃ pacati. So hoti odano sumanajātipupphasadiso, na tassa sūpena vā byañjanena vā karaṇīyaṃ atthi. Yaṃ yaṃ rasaṃ bhuñjitukāmā honti, taṃ taṃ rasova hoti. Tesaṃ taṃ oḷārikaṃ āhāraṃ āharayataṃ tato pabhuti muttakarīsaṃ sañjāyati. Atha nesaṃ tassa nikkhamanatthāya vaṇamukhāni pabhijjanti, purisassa purisabhāvo, itthiyāpi itthibhāvo pātubhavati.
緬 2.49已對照

在那裡,女人過度地凝視男人,男人也[過度地凝視]女人。由於他們過度凝視之緣,欲的熱惱生起。從此他們行淫慾法。他們因行非正法之緣,受智者們呵責、惱害,為了遮蔽那非正法而建造房舍。他們住在房舍中,漸漸隨學某個生性懶惰的眾生的所見而作儲積。從那時起,糠與殼都裹住了米粒,割過的地方也不再長回。

Tatra sudaṃ itthī purisaṃ, puriso ca itthiṃ ativelaṃ upanijjhāyati. Tesaṃ ativelaṃ upanijjhāyanapaccayā kāmapariḷāho uppajjati. Tato methunadhammaṃ paṭisevanti. Te asaddhammapaṭisevanapaccayā viññūhi garahiyamānā viheṭhiyamānā tassa asaddhammassa paṭicchādanahetu agārāni karonti. Te agāraṃ ajjhāvasamānā anukkamena aññatarassa alasajātikassa sattassa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjantā sannidhiṃ karonti. Tato pabhuti kaṇopi thusopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhati, lāyitaṭṭhānampi na paṭivirūhati.
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他們集會而哀嘆:「諸位,惡法確實已在眾生中出現了!因為我們從前是由意所生的」——應依《起世因本經》(《長部》3.128)所說的方式詳說。此後他們劃定田界。然後有某個眾生取了他人未給的份。他們兩次斥責他,第三次以手、土塊、杖打他。如是,當不與取、呵責、虛妄語、執杖生起時,他們集會而思量:「我們何不共舉一位眾生,讓他為我們正當地對應當非難者非難,對應當呵責者呵責,對應當驅擯者驅擯;而我們把粳米的一份分給他。」

Te sannipatitvā anutthunanti ‘‘pāpakā vata bho dhammā sattesu pātubhūtā, mayaṃ hi pubbe manomayā ahumhā’’ti aggaññasutte (dī. ni. 3.128) vuttanayena vitthāretabbaṃ. Tato mariyādaṃ ṭhapenti. Atha aññataro satto aññassa bhāgaṃ adinnaṃ ādiyati. Taṃ dvikkhattuṃ paribhāsetvā tatiyavāre pāṇileṭṭudaṇḍehi paharanti. Te evaṃ adinnādānagarahamusāvādadaṇḍādānesu uppannesu sannipatitvā cintayanti ‘‘yaṃnūna mayaṃ ekaṃ sattaṃ sammanneyyāma, yo no sammā khīyitabbaṃ khīyeyya, garahitabbaṃ garaheyya, pabbājetabbaṃ pabbājeyya, mayaṃ panassa sālīnaṃ bhāgaṃ anuppadassāmā’’ti.
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當眾生作了如是決定時,暫就這一劫而言,正是這位世尊,當時身為菩薩,在那些眾生中容貌較端正、較可觀、較有威勢,具足智慧,有能力施行懲處與扶持。他們前往他那裡,懇請之後共舉了[他]。他因被那大眾所共許(sammata),故為「大三摩多(Mahāsammata)」;因是諸田之主,故為「剎帝利」;因以法、以公平令他人歡悅,故為「王」——以這三個名稱為人所知。因為世間凡有稀有之處,菩薩正是那裡的最初之人;如是以菩薩為首,剎帝利眾安立之後,婆羅門等諸種姓也次第安立了。

Evaṃ katasanniṭṭhānesu pana sattesu imasmiṃ tāva kappe ayameva bhagavā bodhisattabhūto tena samayena tesu sattesu abhirūpataro ca dassanīyataro ca mahesakkhataro ca buddhisampanno paṭibalo niggahapaggahaṃ kātuṃ. Te taṃ upasaṅkamitvā yācitvā sammanniṃsu. So tena mahājanena sammatoti mahāsammato, khettānaṃ adhipatīti khattiyo, dhammena samena pare rañjetīti rājāti tīhi nāmehi paññāyittha. Yañhi loke acchariyaṭṭhānaṃ, bodhisattova tattha ādipurisoti evaṃ bodhisattaṃ ādiṃ katvā khattiyamaṇḍale saṇṭhite anupubbena brāhmaṇādayopi vaṇṇā saṇṭhahiṃsu.
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此中,從毀滅劫的大雲直到火焰斷絕,這一個阿僧祇稱為「壞」。

Tattha kappavināsakamahāmeghato yāva jālupacchedo, idamekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ saṃvaṭṭoti vuccati.
緬 2.50已對照

從毀滅劫的火焰斷絕,直到充滿十萬俱胝輪圍界的圓滿大雲,這第二個阿僧祇稱為「壞住」。

Kappavināsakajālupacchedato yāva koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷaparipūrako sampattimahāmegho, idaṃ dutiyaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyīti vuccati.
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從圓滿大雲直到月與日的出現,這第三個阿僧祇稱為「成」。

Sampattimahāmeghato yāva candimasūriyapātubhāvo, idaṃ tatiyaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ vivaṭṭoti vuccati.
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從月與日的出現直到毀滅劫的大雲再起,這第四個阿僧祇稱為「成住」。這四個阿僧祇成為一大劫。如是,應知這暫且是由火的毀滅與安立。

Candimasūriyapātubhāvato yāva puna kappavināsakamahāmegho, idaṃ catutthaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyīti vuccati. Imāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni eko mahākappo hoti. Evaṃ tāva agginā vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.
407已對照

四百零七、而在劫由水毀滅之時,應依前面所說的方式,從「起初,毀滅劫的大雲升起」[起]詳說。但這是差別:如彼處[出現]第二個太陽,此處則有毀滅劫的鹼水大雲升起。它起初下著極細的雨,漸漸以大雨柱充滿十萬俱胝輪圍界而降下。凡被鹼水觸及的地、山等都溶解了,水在四周為諸風所支持。水從地[起]直到第二禪地都吞沒了。在那裡使三個梵天界也溶解之後,觸及遍淨[天]而止住。只要還有微塵許的行類存在,它便不平息;而在制服了一切為水所及的行類之後,便驟然平息,歸於消失。「上方的虛空與下方的虛空合而為一,是一片大黑暗」——一切都與所說的相同。唯此處,世間是以光音梵天界為首而出現的。眾生從遍淨[天]死沒,生於光音[天]之處等。

407. Yasmiṃ pana samaye kappo udakena nassati, āditova kappavināsakamahāmegho uṭṭhahitvāti pubbe vuttanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ. Ayaṃ pana viseso, yathā tattha dutiyasūriyo, evamidha kappavināsako khārudakamahāmegho vuṭṭhāti. So ādito sukhumaṃ sukhumaṃ vassanto anukkamena mahādhārāhi koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷānaṃ pūrento vassati. Khārudakena phuṭṭhaphuṭṭhā pathavīpabbatādayo vilīyanti, udakaṃ samantato vātehi dhāriyati. Pathavito yāva dutiyajjhānabhūmiṃ udakaṃ gaṇhāti. Tattha tayopi brahmaloke vilīyāpetvā subhakiṇhe āhacca tiṭṭhati. Taṃ yāva aṇumattampi saṅkhāragataṃ atthi, tāva na vūpasammati. Udakānugataṃ pana sabbasaṅkhāragataṃ abhibhavitvā sahasā vūpasammati antaradhānaṃ gacchati. Heṭṭhāākāsena saha upariākāso eko hoti mahandhakāroti sabbaṃ vuttasadisaṃ. Kevalaṃ panidha ābhassarabrahmalokaṃ ādiṃ katvā loko pātubhavati. Subhakiṇhato ca cavitvā ābhassaraṭṭhānādīsu sattā nibbattanti.
已對照

此中,從毀滅劫的大雲直到毀滅劫之水的斷絕,這是一個阿僧祇。從水的斷絕直到圓滿大雲,這是第二個阿僧祇。從圓滿大雲……乃至……這四個阿僧祇成為一大劫。如是,應知由水的毀滅與安立。

Tattha kappavināsakamahāmeghato yāva kappavināsakudakūpacchedo, idamekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ. Udakūpacchedato yāva sampattimahāmegho, idaṃ dutiyaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ. Sampattimahāmeghato…pe… imāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni eko mahākappo hoti. Evaṃ udakena vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.
408緬 2.51已對照

四百零八、當劫由風毀滅之時,應依前面所說的方式,從「起初,毀滅劫的大雲升起」[起]詳說。但這是差別:如彼處[出現]第二個太陽,此處則為毀滅劫而有風生起。它起初揚起粗塵;然後[揚起]細塵、細沙、粗沙、礫石與岩石等,直到揚起尖頂屋大小的岩石,以及長在不平之處的大樹。它們從地上升入空中,不再落下,就在那裡碎為微塵,歸於不存在。

408. Yasmiṃ samaye kappo vātena vinassati, āditova kappavināsakamahāmegho uṭṭhahitvāti pubbe vuttanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ. Ayaṃ pana viseso, yathā tattha dutiyasūriyo, evamidha kappavināsanatthaṃ vāto samuṭṭhāti. So paṭhamaṃ thūlarajaṃ uṭṭhāpeti. Tato saṇharajaṃ sukhumavālikaṃ thūlavālikaṃ sakkharapāsāṇādayoti yāva kūṭāgāramatte pāsāṇe visamaṭṭhāne ṭhitamahārukkhe ca uṭṭhāpeti. Te pathavito nabhamuggatā na ca puna patanti. Tattheva cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā abhāvaṃ gacchanti.
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然後風漸次從大地下方生起,把大地翻轉,使其根部朝上,拋向空中。百由旬大的地塊,以及二百、三百、四百、五百由旬大的[地塊],也都破裂,被風勢拋起,就在空中碎為微塵,歸於不存在。風把輪圍山與須彌山也捲起,拋向空中。它們彼此相撞,碎為微塵而毀滅。依這同樣的方便,[風]毀滅地居的宮殿與空居的宮殿,毀滅了六慾天界之後,毀滅十萬俱胝輪圍界。在那裡,輪圍山與輪圍山、雪山與雪山、須彌山與須彌山彼此相會,碎為微塵而毀滅。風從地[起]直到第三禪地都吞沒了。在那裡毀滅了三個梵天界之後,觸及廣果[天]而止住。如是毀滅了一切行類之後,它自己也毀滅。「上方的虛空與下方的虛空合而為一,是一片大黑暗」——一切都與所說的相同。而此處,世間是以遍淨梵天界為首而出現的。眾生從廣果[天]死沒,生於遍淨[天]之處等。

Athānukkamena heṭṭhā mahāpathaviyā vāto samuṭṭhahitvā pathaviṃ parivattetvā uddhaṃmūlaṃ katvā ākāse khipati. Yojanasatappamāṇāpi pathavippadesā dviyojanatiyojanacatuyojanapañcayojanasatappamāṇāpi bhijjitvā vātavegena khittā ākāseyeva cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā abhāvaṃ gacchanti. Cakkavāḷapabbatampi sinerupabbatampi vāto ukkhipitvā ākāse khipati. Te aññamaññaṃ abhihantvā cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā vinassanti. Eteneva upāyena bhummaṭṭhakavimānāni ca ākāsaṭṭhakavimānāni ca vināsento chakāmāvacaradevaloke vināsetvā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷāni vināseti. Tattha cakkavāḷā cakkavāḷehi himavantā himavantehi sinerū sinerūhi aññamaññaṃ samāgantvā cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā vinassanti. Pathavito yāva tatiyajjhānabhūmiṃ vāto gaṇhāti. Tattha tayopi brahmaloke vināsetvā vehapphalaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati. Evaṃ sabbasaṅkhāragataṃ vināsetvā sayampi vinassati. Heṭṭhāākāsena saha upariākāso eko hoti mahandhakāroti sabbaṃ vuttasadisaṃ. Idha pana subhakiṇhabrahmalokaṃ ādiṃ katvā loko pātubhavati. Vehapphalato ca cavitvā subhakiṇhaṭṭhānādīsu sattā nibbattanti.
已對照

此中,從毀滅劫的大雲直到毀滅劫之風的斷絕,這是一個阿僧祇。從風的斷絕直到圓滿大雲,這是第二個阿僧祇……乃至……這四個阿僧祇成為一大劫。如是,應知由風的毀滅與安立。

Tattha kappavināsakamahāmeghato yāva kappavināsakavātūpacchedo, idamekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ. Vātūpacchedato yāva sampattimahāmegho, idaṃ dutiyaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ…pe… imāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni eko mahākappo hoti. Evaṃ vātena vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.
409緬 2.52已對照

四百零九、世間為什麼這樣毀滅呢?以不善根為因。因為當諸不善根熾盛時,世間便這樣毀滅。而當貪更熾盛時,由火毀滅;當瞋更熾盛時,由水毀滅。然而某些[師]說:瞋更熾盛時由火,貪更熾盛時由水。當痴更熾盛時,由風毀滅。而即使如是毀滅,[也是]接連七次由火毀滅,第八次由水;再七次由火,第八次由水——如是每到第八次由水毀滅,由水毀滅了七次之後,再七次由火毀滅。到這時,已經過了六十三劫。在這期間,得了機會的風排開那已輪到的由水毀滅之次,摧毀壽量滿六十四劫的遍淨[天],而毀滅世間。

409. Kiṃkāraṇā evaṃ loko vinassati? Akusalamūlakāraṇā. Akusalamūlesu hi ussannesu evaṃ loko vinassati. So ca kho rāge ussannatare agginā vinassati. Dose ussannatare udakena vinassati. Keci pana dose ussannatare agginā. Rāge ussannatare udakenāti vadanti. Mohe ussannatare vātena vinassati. Evaṃ vinassantopi ca nirantarameva sattavāre agginā vinassati. Aṭṭhame vāre udakena. Puna sattavāre agginā. Aṭṭhame vāre udakenāti evaṃ aṭṭhame aṭṭhame vāre vinassanto sattakkhattuṃ udakena vinassitvā puna sattavāre agginā nassati. Ettāvatā tesaṭṭhi kappā atītā honti. Etthantare udakena nassanavāraṃ sampattampi paṭibāhitvā laddhokāso vāto paripuṇṇacatusaṭṭhikappāyuke subhakiṇhe viddhaṃsento lokaṃ vināseti.
410已對照

四百一十、而隨念宿住的、能隨念劫的比丘,在這些劫中隨念許多壞劫、許多成劫、許多壞成劫。如何[隨念]呢?依「我在那裡」等(《長部》1.244)的方式。

410. Pubbenivāsaṃ anussarantopi ca kappānussaraṇako bhikkhu etesu kappesu anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe anussarati. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Amutrāsi’’ntiādinā (dī. ni. 1.244) nayena.
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此中,「我在那裡(amutrāsiṃ)」者:即在那個壞劫中,我曾在那個有、或生、或趣、或識住、或眾生居、或眾生類中。「有如此的名字(evaṃnāmo)」者:即[名為]帝須或弗沙。「如此的種姓(evaṃgotto)」者:即迦旃延或迦葉。這是依他隨念自己在過去有中的名與種姓而說的。但若他想隨念自己在那時的容色成就,或生活的粗劣與精妙,或苦樂的多寡,或短壽與長壽,他也能隨念那[些]。所以[世尊]說:「如此的容貌……乃至……有如此的壽量」。

Tattha amutrāsinti amumhi saṃvaṭṭakappe ahaṃ amumhi bhave vā yoniyā vā gatiyā vā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā vā sattāvāse vā sattanikāye vā āsiṃ. Evaṃnāmoti tisso vā phusso vā. Evaṃgottoti kaccāno vā kassapo vā. Idamassa atītabhave attano nāmagottānussaraṇavasena vuttaṃ. Sace pana tasmiṃ kāle attano vaṇṇasampattiṃ vā lūkhapaṇītajīvikabhāvaṃ vā sukhadukkhabahulataṃ vā appāyukadīghāyukabhāvaṃ vā anussaritukāmo hoti, tampi anussaratiyeva. Tenāha ‘‘evaṃvaṇṇo…pe… evamāyupariyanto’’ti.
緬 2.53已對照

此中,「如此的容貌(evaṃvaṇṇo)」者:即白皙的或黝黑的。「如此的食物(evamāhāro)」者:即以粳米肉飯為食,或以掉落的果實為食。「經歷如此的苦樂(evaṃsukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī)」者:即以多種方式經歷身的與心的、或有食與無食等差別的樂與苦。「有如此的壽量(evamāyupariyanto)」者:即如是以一百年為壽量,或以八百四十萬劫為壽量。「從那裡死後,投生到那裡(so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ)」者:即那個我從那有、生、趣、識住、眾生居或眾生類死後,又投生到名為某某的有、生、趣、識住、眾生居或眾生類中。「在那裡又有(tatrāpāsiṃ)」者:即然後在那有、生、趣、識住、眾生居或眾生類中,我又曾存在。「有如此的名字」等,正是所說的方式。

Tattha evaṃvaṇṇoti odāto vā sāmo vā. Evamāhāroti sālimaṃsodanāhāro vā pavattaphalabhojano vā. Evaṃ sukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedīti anekappakārena kāyikacetasikānaṃ sāmisanirāmisādippabhedānaṃ vā sukhadukkhānaṃ paṭisaṃvedī. Evamāyupariyantoti evaṃ vassasataparimāṇāyupariyanto vā caturāsītikappasatasahassāyupariyanto vā. So tato cuto amutra udapādinti sohaṃ tato bhavato yonito gatito viññāṇaṭṭhitito sattāvāsato sattanikāyato vā cuto puna amukasmiṃ nāma bhave yoniyā gatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā sattāvāse sattanikāye vā udapādiṃ. Tatrāpāsinti atha tatrāpi bhave yoniyā gatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā sattāvāse sattanikāye vā puna ahosiṃ. Evaṃnāmotiādi vuttanayameva.
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此外,因為「我在那裡」這是依次第向上追溯者隨其所欲的隨念;「從那裡死後」是回返者的省察;所以應知「投生到那裡」這一[語],是就緊接在這一「投生到這裡(idhūpapanno)」的投生之前的投生處而說的。而「在那裡又有」等[語],是為顯示他隨念在緊接這一投生之前的那投生處中的名與種姓等而說的。「從那裡死後,投生到這裡(so tato cuto idhūpapanno)」者:即那個我從那緊接的投生處死後,生於此處名為某某的剎帝利家或婆羅門家中。「如此(iti)」者:即這樣。「具有行相、具有細節(sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ)」者:依名與種姓而為具有細節,依容色等而為具有行相。因為眾生是以名與種姓而被標舉(uddisīyati)為「帝須」「迦葉」;以容色等,則以「黝黑」「白皙」而依差異被了知。所以名與種姓是細節(uddesa),其餘是行相(ākāra)。「回憶起許多種宿住」這[語],其義正是明白的。

Apica yasmā amutrāsinti idaṃ anupubbena ārohantassa yāvadicchakaṃ anussaraṇaṃ. So tato cutoti paṭinivattantassa paccavekkhaṇaṃ, tasmā ‘‘idhūpapanno’’ti imissā idhūpapattiyā anantaramevassa upapattiṭṭhānaṃ sandhāya ‘‘amutra udapādi’’nti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Tatrāpāsinti evamādi panassa tatra imissā upapattiyā anantare upapattiṭṭhāne nāmagottādīnaṃ anussaraṇadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. So tato cuto idhūpapannoti svāhaṃ tato anantarūpapattiṭṭhānato cuto idha asukasmiṃ nāma khattiyakule vā brāhmaṇakule vā nibbattoti. Itīti evaṃ. Sākāraṃ sauddesanti nāmagottavasena sauddesaṃ, vaṇṇādivasena sākāraṃ. Nāmagottena hi satto tisso kassapoti uddisīyati. Vaṇṇādīhi sāmo odātoti nānattato paññāyati. Tasmā nāmagottaṃ uddeso, itare ākārā. Anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsamanussaratīti idaṃ uttānatthamevāti.
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宿住隨念智論,終。

Pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇakathā niṭṭhitā.
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死生智論

Cutūpapātañāṇakathā
411緬 2.54已對照

四百一十一、在眾生死生智之論中,「於死生智(cutūpapātañāṇāya)」(《長部》1.247)者:即為了於死與投生之際的智。是說:為了那以之而知眾生之死與投生的智,[即]為了天眼智。「引導心、使心轉向(cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti)」者:即既引導遍作心,又使[它]轉向。「他(so)」者:即那已作了心之引導的比丘。而在「以天(dibbena)」等[語]中:由於與天[眼]相似,故為「天」。因為諸天有由善行之業所生、不為膽汁、痰、血等所障礙、由於脫離了染汙而能領受遠處所緣的天的淨色眼;而這由精進修習之力所生的智眼,也正是那樣的,所以由於與天[眼]相似,故為「天」。由於依天住而獲得、自身也依止於天住,也為「天」。由於以光明的攝持而有大光輝,也為「天」。由於見牆外等處之色而有大行運,也為「天」。這一切都應正依隨聲論而知。

依見之義為「眼」。由於作眼的作用、猶如眼,也為「眼」。由於見死與投生而為見清淨之因,故為「清淨」。因為凡只見死而不見投生的,他執取斷見;凡只見投生而不見死的,他執取「新眾生出現」之見。而凡見那兩者的,由於他超越了那兩種見執,所以他的那見便是見清淨之因。而佛子們是兩者都見的。因此說:「由於見死與投生而為見清淨之因,故為『清淨』。」

由於越過人所行之處而見色,故為「超人的(atikkantamānusaka)」;或者,應知由於超越了人的肉眼,故為「超人的」。[即]以那清淨、超人的天眼。「看見眾生(satte passati)」者:即如人們以肉眼一般觀看眾生。

「死亡與投生(cavamāne upapajjamāne)」——此中,在死剎那或投生剎那,是不能以天眼看見的。而那些死期已近、如今將死的,他們[被意指為]「正在死亡的」;那些已取結生、剛剛生出的,他們被意指為「正在投生的」。[以此]顯示:他看見這樣的正在死亡者與正在投生者。

「低賤(hīne)」者:即由於與痴的等流相應,依低賤的出身、家族、財富等而被輕視、被藐視、被蔑視、被輕賤的。「高貴(paṇīte)」者:即由於與無痴的等流相應,[而處於]與那相反的。「美麗(suvaṇṇe)」者:即由於與無瞋的等流相應,具有可愛、可樂、可意之色的。「醜陋(dubbaṇṇe)」者:即由於與瞋的等流相應,具有不可愛、不可樂、不可意之色的;不端正的、難看的,也是其義。「善趣(sugate)」者:即趣於善趣的;或者,由於與無貪的等流相應,[即]富裕、有大財富的。「惡趣(duggate)」者:即趣於惡趣的;或者,由於與貪的等流相應,[即]貧窮、飲食匱乏的。

「隨業而去(yathākammupage)」者:即凡積集了何種業,便依那種業而去的。此中,以前面「死亡」等[語]說的是天眼的作用;而以這一語[說的]是隨業趣智的作用。而那智的生起次第是這樣的:在此,比丘向下朝著地獄擴展光明之後,看見地獄眾生正在感受大苦。那見唯是天眼的作用。他這樣作意:「這些眾生究竟造了什麼業,而感受這苦呢?」於是他生起以那業為所緣的智:「造了這樣的[業]。」同樣,向上朝著天界擴展光明之後,看見在歡喜園、雜林園、粗澀園等處的眾生正在享受大成就。那見也唯是天眼的作用。他這樣作意:「這些眾生究竟造了什麼業,而享受這成就呢?」於是他生起以那業為所緣的智:「造了這樣的[業]。」這名為隨業趣智。這[智]沒有另外的所謂遍作;如這[智]一般,未來分智也是如此。因為這些[智]唯以天眼為基礎,與天眼一同成就。

在「以身惡行(kāyaduccaritena)」等[語]中:「行得惡」,或由於煩惱而腐壞故為「惡劣的行」,故為「惡行(duccarita)」。以身而行的惡行,或從身而生起的惡行,[即]「身惡行」;其餘[二者]亦同此理。「具足(samannāgatā)」者:即成為具有者。「誹謗聖者(ariyānaṃ upavādakā)」者:即對佛、獨覺佛、弟子諸聖者,甚至對在家的須陀洹,懷著不利[他們]之慾,以最極之事(antimavatthu)或以毀損功德而誹謗、辱罵、呵責者——是所說的意思。此中,說「這些人沒有沙門法,他們不是沙門」者,是以最極之事而誹謗;說「這些人沒有禪那,或解脫,或道,或果」等者,應知是依毀損功德而誹謗。而他無論是知而誹謗,或不知而誹謗,兩種情形都正是誹謗聖者。[這是]沉重之業,與無間[業]相似,既障天界又障道,然而是可救治的。為顯明這一點,應知這則故事。

相傳,在某村中,一位長老與一位年少比丘在乞食。他們就在第一家得到了一勺之量的熱粥。而長老正為腹風所苦。他想:「這粥對我是適宜的;趁它還沒涼,我就喝了它。」他坐在人們為作門檻而搬來的木塊上喝了。另一位厭惡他,說:「這老人被飢餓所壓倒,做了令我們羞恥的事。」長老在村中乞食之後,回到寺裡,對年少比丘說:「賢友,你在這教法中有立足之處嗎?」「是的,尊者,我是須陀洹。」「那麼,賢友,你不要為了上位之道而努力了。你誹謗了漏盡者。」他請長老原諒。因此,他的那業恢復了原狀。

所以,凡其他人誹謗了聖者,他應前去;若自己較年長,應蹲坐,[說]「我對具壽說了這樣那樣的話,請原諒我」,而請求原諒。若較年少,應禮敬之後蹲坐,合掌,[說]「尊者,我對您說了這樣那樣的話,請您原諒」,而請求原諒。若[那聖者]已往他方離去,應親自前往,或派共住弟子等前往,而請求原諒。

而若既不能前往,也不能派[人],應到住在那寺中的比丘們那裡:若他們較年少,便蹲坐;若較年長,便依對年長者所說的方式而行;說「尊者,我對名為某某的具壽說了這樣那樣的話,願那位具壽原諒我」,而請求原諒。即使[那聖者]當面不原諒,也應作這同樣的事。

若[那聖者]是獨行的比丘,他的住處與去處都不得而知,應到一位賢智比丘那裡,說:「尊者,我對名為某某的具壽說了這樣那樣的話,我憶念那[事]時生起悔恨,我該怎麼做?」他會說:「您不要憂慮,長老原諒您了,請讓心平靜。」他也應面向聖者所去的方向合掌,說「願[他]原諒」。若那[聖者]已般涅槃,應到他般涅槃時臥床之處,甚至到墓地去,請求原諒。如是作了,便既不障天界,也不障道,正恢復原狀。

「持邪見(micchādiṭṭhikā)」者:即有顛倒之見的。「受持邪見之業(micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā)」者:即依邪見而受持了種種業的,以及那些也勸導他人[受持]以邪見為根本的身業等的。而此中應知:雖然以取「語惡行」已攝了誹謗聖者,以取「意惡行」已攝了邪見,再說這兩者,是為顯示[它們]是大罪。因為誹謗聖者是大罪,由於與無間[業]相似。這也已被說過:「舍利弗,猶如具戒、具定、具慧的比丘能就在現法中證得究竟智——舍利弗,我說這[事]也是同樣的確定:[他]不捨那[言]語、不捨那心[念]、不捨離那見,便如被取來放下[一般],就這樣[墮]在地獄中。」(《中部》1.149)而沒有其他比邪見更是大罪的。即如所說:「諸比丘,我不見有其他任何一法,像邪見這樣是大罪的。諸比丘,諸罪以邪見為最。」(《增支部》1.310)

「身壞(kāyassa bhedā)」者:即由於捨棄執受的諸蘊。「命終之後(paraṃ maraṇā)」者:即緊接其後取得新生諸蘊之時。或者,「身壞」者:即由於命根的斷絕;「命終之後」者:即死心之後。「苦界(apāyaṃ)」等,一切都唯是地獄的同義語。

因為地獄由於遠離了作為天界與解脫之因、被認作福的「益(aya)」,或由於沒有諸樂的來源(āya),故為「苦界(apāya)」。苦的趣、[即苦的]歸趣,故為「惡趣(duggati)」;或者,由瞋多之故,由惡劣之業所生的趣,故為「惡趣」。作惡者不由自主地墮落於此,故為「墮處(vinipāta)」;或者,[他們]在此大小肢節碎裂、毀滅而墮落,故也為「墮處」。此中沒有被稱為樂味的「益(aya)」,故為「地獄(niraya)」。

或者,以取「苦界」[一語]顯明畜生胎。因為畜生胎由於遠離善趣,是苦界;[但]不是惡趣,由於[其中]有威勢廣大的龍王等出生。以取「惡趣」[一語顯明]餓鬼界。因為它既是苦界又是惡趣,由於遠離善趣,又由於是苦之趣;但不是墮處,由於不像[餓鬼類的]阿修羅那樣墮落。以取「墮處」[一語顯明]阿修羅眾。因為它依所說之義既是苦界又是惡趣,並且由於從一切榮盛中墮落,而稱為「墮處」。以取「地獄」[一語顯明]阿鼻等多種的地獄本身。「投生(upapannā)」者:即去到,在那裡出生——是意趣。白分應依所說的相反而知。

然而這是區別:此中,以取「善趣」[一語],人趣也被攝;以取「天界」[一語],唯[攝]天趣。此中,美好的趣,故為「善趣(sugati)」。以色等諸境而極為最上,故為「天界(sagga)」。那一切都依破壞、離散之義而為「世間(loka)」——這是語義。

「如此,以天眼(iti dibbena cakkhunā)」等,一切都是結語。「如是以天眼……乃至……看見」——這是此中的略義。

411. Sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇakathāya cutūpapātañāṇāyāti (dī. ni. 1.247) cutiyā ca upapāte ca ñāṇāya. Yena ñāṇena sattānaṃ cuti ca upapāto ca ñāyati, tadatthaṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇatthanti vuttaṃ hoti. Cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmetīti parikammacittaṃ abhinīharati ceva abhininnāmeti ca. Soti so katacittābhinīhāro bhikkhu. Dibbenātiādīsu pana dibbasadisattā dibbaṃ. Devatānañhi sucaritakammanibbattaṃ pittasemharuhirādīhi apalibuddhaṃ upakkilesavimuttatāya dūrepi ārammaṇaṃ sampaṭicchanasamatthaṃ dibbaṃ pasādacakkhu hoti. Idañcāpi vīriyabhāvanābalanibbattaṃ ñāṇacakkhu tādisamevāti dibbasadisattā dibbaṃ. Dibbavihāravasena paṭiladdhattā attanā ca dibbavihārasannissitattāpi dibbaṃ. Ālokapariggahena mahājutikattāpi dibbaṃ. Tirokuṭṭādigatarūpadassanena mahāgatikattāpi dibbaṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ saddasatthānusāreneva veditabbaṃ.
Dassanaṭṭhena cakkhu. Cakkhukiccakaraṇena cakkhumivātipi cakkhu. Cutūpapātadassanena diṭṭhivisuddhihetuttā visuddhaṃ. Yo hi cutimattameva passati, na upapātaṃ. So ucchedadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti. Yo upapātamattameva passati, na cutiṃ, so navasattapātubhāvadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti. Yo pana tadubhayaṃ passati, so yasmā duvidhampi taṃ diṭṭhigataṃ ativattati. Tasmāssa taṃdassanaṃ diṭṭhivisuddhihetu hoti. Ubhayampi cetaṃ buddhaputtā passanti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘cutūpapātadassanena diṭṭhivisuddhihetuttā visuddha’’nti.
Manussūpacāraṃ atikkamitvā rūpadassanena atikkantamānusakaṃ, mānusakaṃ vā maṃsacakkhuṃ atikkantattā atikkantamānusakanti veditabbaṃ. Tena dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena. Satte passatīti manussānaṃ maṃsacakkhunā viya satte oloketi.
Cavamāne upapajjamāneti ettha cutikkhaṇe upapattikkhaṇe vā dibbacakkhunā daṭṭhuṃ na sakkā. Ye pana āsannacutikā idāni cavissanti, te cavamānā. Ye ca gahitapaṭisandhikā sampatinibbattāva, te upapajjamānāti adhippetā. Te evarūpe cavamāne ca upapajjamāne ca passatīti dasseti.
Hīneti mohanissandayuttattā hīnānaṃ jātikulabhogādīnaṃ vasena hīḷite ohīḷite oññāte avaññāte. Paṇīteti amohanissandayuttattā tabbiparīte. Suvaṇṇeti adosanissandayuttattā iṭṭhakantamanāpavaṇṇayutte. Dubbaṇṇeti dosanissandayuttattā aniṭṭhākantaamanāpavaṇṇayutte. Anabhirūpe virūpetipi attho. Sugateti sugatigate. Alobhanissandayuttattā vā aḍḍhe mahaddhane. Duggateti duggatigate. Lobhanissandayuttattā vā dalidde appannapāne.
Yathākammupageti yaṃ yaṃ kammaṃ upacitaṃ, tena tena upagate. Tattha purimehi cavamānetiādīhi dibbacakkhukiccaṃ vuttaṃ. Iminā pana padena yathākammupagañāṇakiccaṃ. Tassa ca ñāṇassa ayamuppattikkamo, idha bhikkhu heṭṭhā nirayābhimukhaṃ ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nerayike satte passati mahādukkhamanubhavamāne. Taṃ dassanaṃ dibbacakkhukiccameva. So evaṃ manasikaroti ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kammaṃ katvā ime sattā etaṃ dukkhaṃ anubhavantī’’ti. Athassa idaṃ nāma katvāti taṃkammārammaṇaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Tathā uparidevalokābhimukhaṃ ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nandanavanamissakavanaphārusakavanādīsu satte passati mahāsampattiṃ anubhavamāne. Tampi dassanaṃ dibbacakkhukiccameva. So evaṃ manasikaroti ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kammaṃ katvā ime sattā etaṃ sampattiṃ anubhavantī’’ti. Athassa idaṃ nāma katvāti taṃkammārammaṇaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Idaṃ yathākammupagañāṇaṃ nāma. Imassa visuṃ parikammaṃ nāma natthi, yathā cimassa, evaṃ anāgataṃsañāṇassāpi. Dibbacakkhupādakāneva hi imāni dibbacakkhunā saheva ijjhanti.
Kāyaduccaritenātiādīsu duṭṭhu caritaṃ, duṭṭhaṃ vā caritaṃ kilesapūtikattāti duccaritaṃ. Kāyena duccaritaṃ, kāyato vā uppannaṃ duccaritanti kāyaduccaritaṃ, itaresupi eseva nayo. Samannāgatāti samaṅgībhūtā. Ariyānaṃ upavādakāti buddhapaccekabuddhasāvakānaṃ ariyānaṃ antamaso gihisotāpannānampi anatthakāmā hutvā antimavatthunā vā guṇaparidhaṃsanena vā upavādakā akkosakā garahakāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha natthi imesaṃ samaṇadhammo, assamaṇā eteti vadanto antimavatthunā upavadati. Natthi imesaṃ jhānaṃ vā vimokkho vā maggo vā phalaṃ vātiādīni vadanto guṇaparidhaṃsanavasena upavadatīti veditabbo. So ca jānaṃ vā upavadeyya ajānaṃ vā, ubhayathāpi ariyūpavādova hoti. Bhāriyaṃ kammaṃ ānantariyasadisaṃ saggāvaraṇañca maggāvaraṇañca, satekicchaṃ pana hoti. Tassa āvibhāvatthaṃ idaṃ vatthu veditabbaṃ.
Aññatarasmiṃ kira gāme eko thero ca daharabhikkhu ca piṇḍāya caranti. Te paṭhamaghareyeva uḷuṅkamattaṃ uṇhayāguṃ labhiṃsu. Therassa ca kucchivāto rujjhati. So cintesi ‘‘ayaṃ yāgu mayhaṃ sappāyā, yāva na sītalā hoti, tāva naṃ pivāmī’’ti. So manussehi ummāratthāya āhaṭe dārukhaṇḍe nisīditvā pivi. Itaro taṃ jigucchanto ‘‘atikhuddābhibhūto mahallako, amhākaṃ lajjitabbakaṃ akāsī’’ti āha. Thero gāme caritvā vihāraṃ gantvā daharabhikkhuṃ āha ‘‘atthi te, āvuso, imasmiṃ sāsane patiṭṭhā’’ti? Āma, bhante, sotāpanno ahanti. Tena hāvuso, uparimaggatthāya vāyāmaṃ mā akāsi. Khīṇāsavo tayā upavaditoti. So taṃ khamāpesi. Tenassa taṃ kammaṃ pākatikaṃ ahosi.
Tasmā yo aññopi ariyaṃ upavadati, tena gantvā sace attanā vuḍḍhataro hoti, ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā ‘‘ahaṃ āyasmantaṃ idañcidañca avacaṃ, taṃ me khamāhī’’ti khamāpetabbo. Sace navakataro hoti, vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, tumhe idañcidañca avacaṃ, taṃ me khamathā’’ti khamāpetabbo. Sace disāpakkanto hoti, sayaṃ vā gantvā saddhivihārikādike vā pesetvā khamāpetabbo.
Sace ca nāpi gantuṃ, na pesetuṃ sakkā hoti, ye tasmiṃ vihāre bhikkhū vasanti, tesaṃ santikaṃ gantvā sace navakatarā honti, ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā, sace vuḍḍhatarā, vuḍḍhe vuttanayeneva paṭipajjitvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, asukaṃ nāma āyasmantaṃ idañcidañca avacaṃ, khamatu me so āyasmā’’ti vatvā khamāpetabbaṃ. Sammukhā akhamantepi etadeva kattabbaṃ.
Sace ekacārikabhikkhu hoti, nevassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ, na gataṭṭhānaṃ paññāyati, ekassa paṇḍitassa bhikkhuno santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, asukaṃ nāma āyasmantaṃ idañcidañca avacaṃ, taṃ me anussarato vippaṭisāro hoti, kiṃ karomī’’ti vattabbaṃ. So vakkhati ‘‘tumhe mā cintayittha, thero tumhākaṃ khamati, cittaṃ vūpasamethā’’ti. Tenāpi ariyassa gatadisābhimukhena añjaliṃ paggahetvā khamatūti vattabbaṃ. Sace so parinibbuto hoti, parinibbutamañcaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā yāvasivathikaṃ gantvāpi khamāpetabbaṃ. Evaṃ kate neva saggāvaraṇaṃ, na maggāvaraṇaṃ hoti, pākatikameva hotīti.
Micchādiṭṭhikāti viparītadassanā. Micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānāti micchādiṭṭhivasena samādinnanānāvidhakammā, ye ca micchādiṭṭhimūlakesu kāyakammādīsu aññepi samādapenti. Ettha ca vacīduccaritaggahaṇeneva ariyūpavāde manoduccaritaggahaṇena ca micchādiṭṭhiyā saṅgahitāyapi imesaṃ dvinnaṃ puna vacanaṃ mahāsāvajjabhāvadassanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Mahāsāvajjo hi ariyūpavādo, ānantariyasadisattā. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi, sāriputta, bhikkhu sīlasampanno samādhisampanno paññāsampanno diṭṭheva dhamme aññaṃ ārādheyya, evaṃsampadamidaṃ, sāriputta, vadāmi taṃ vācaṃ appahāya taṃ cittaṃ appahāya taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissajjitvā yathābhataṃ nikkhitto, evaṃ niraye’’ti (ma. ni. 1.149). Micchādiṭṭhito ca mahāsāvajjataraṃ nāma aññaṃ natthi. Yathāha ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ mahāsāvajjaṃ, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhiparamāni, bhikkhave, vajjānī’’ti (a. ni. 1.310).
Kāyassa bhedāti upādiṇṇakkhandhapariccāgā. Parammaraṇāti tadanantaraṃ abhinibbattikkhandhaggahaṇe. Atha vā kāyassa bhedāti jīvitindriyassa upacchedā. Parammaraṇāti cuticittato uddhaṃ. Apāyanti evamādi sabbaṃ nirayavevacanameva.
Nirayo hi saggamokkhahetubhūtā puññasammatā ayā apetattā, sukhānaṃ vā āyassa abhāvā apāyo. Dukkhassa gati paṭisaraṇanti duggati, dosabahulatāya vā duṭṭhena kammunā nibbattā gatīti duggati. Vivasā nipatanti ettha dukkaṭakārinoti vinipāto. Vinassantā vā ettha patanti saṃbhijjamānaṅgapaccaṅgātipi vinipāto. Natthi ettha assādasaññito ayoti nirayo.
Atha vā apāyaggahaṇena tiracchānayoniṃ dīpeti. Tiracchānayoni hi apāyo sugatito apetattā, na duggati mahesakkhānaṃ nāgarājādīnaṃ sambhavato. Duggatiggahaṇena pettivisayaṃ. So hi apāyo ceva duggati ca, sugatito apetattā dukkhassa ca gatibhūtattā. Na tu vinipāto asurasadisaṃ avinipatitattā. Vinipātaggahaṇena asurakāyaṃ. So hi yathāvuttena atthena apāyo ceva duggati ca sabbasamussayehi ca vinipatitattā vinipātoti vuccati. Nirayaggahaṇena avīciādianekappakāraṃ nirayamevāti. Upapannāti upagatā, tattha abhinibbattāti adhippāyo. Vuttavipariyāyena sukkapakkho veditabbo.
Ayaṃ pana viseso, tattha sugatiggahaṇena manussagatipi saṅgayhati. Saggaggahaṇena devagatiyeva. Tattha sundarā gatīti sugati. Rūpādīhi visayehi suṭṭhu aggoti saggo. So sabbopi lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena lokoti ayaṃ vacanattho.
‘‘Iti dibbena cakkhunā’’tiādi sabbaṃ nigamanavacanaṃ. Evaṃ dibbena cakkhunā…pe… passatīti ayamettha saṅkhepattho.
412已對照

四百一十二、而想要如是看見的初學良家子,應把以遍為所緣、作為神通之基礎的禪那,作成於一切方面都堪能引導之後,在「火遍、白遍、光明遍」這三遍中,把任何一種作為切近的。應作成近行禪的行境,擴展之後加以安置。意趣是:不應在那裡生起安止。因為若生起[安止],便成為基礎禪的依止,而非遍作的依止。而在這三[遍]中,唯光明遍更為殊勝。所以,應依遍的解說中所說的方法生起它或其餘[二遍]中的任何一種之後,唯住立於近行地而擴展[它]。它的擴展之法,也應正依那裡所說的方法而知。

412. Evaṃ passitukāmena pana ādikammikena kulaputtena kasiṇārammaṇaṃ abhiññāpādakajjhānaṃ sabbākārena abhinīhārakkhamaṃ katvā ‘‘tejokasiṇaṃ, odātakasiṇaṃ, ālokakasiṇa’’nti imesu tīsu kasiṇesu aññataraṃ āsannaṃ kātabbaṃ. Upacārajjhānagocaraṃ katvā vaḍḍhetvā ṭhapetabbaṃ. Na tattha appanā uppādetabbāti adhippāyo. Sace hi uppādeti, pādakajjhānanissayaṃ hoti, na parikammanissayaṃ. Imesu ca pana tīsu ālokakasiṇaṃyeva seṭṭhataraṃ. Tasmā taṃ vā itaresaṃ vā aññataraṃ kasiṇaniddese vuttanayena uppādetvā upacārabhūmiyaṃyeva ṭhatvā vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Vaḍḍhanānayopi cassa tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbo.
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應只看已擴展之處以內的色。而當他看色時,遍作的期限便過去了。於是光明消失;它消失時,色也就看不見了。於是他應一再入基礎禪,從那裡出定之後,再遍滿光明。如是,依次第,光明便達于堅固——以致在此,他限定「願有光明」的多大之處,光明就正住立於那裡。即使坐一整天觀看,也能見色。此中,夜間以草火把行路的人是譬喻。

Vaḍḍhitaṭṭhānassa antoyeva rūpagataṃ passitabbaṃ. Rūpagataṃ passato panassa parikammassa vāro atikkamati. Tato āloko antaradhāyati. Tasmiṃ antarahite rūpagatampi na dissati. Athānena punappunaṃ pādakajjhānameva pavisitvā tato vuṭṭhāya āloko pharitabbo. Evaṃ anukkamena āloko thāmagato hotīti ettha āloko hotūti yattakaṃ ṭhānaṃ paricchindati, tattha āloko tiṭṭhatiyeva. Divasampi nisīditvā passato rūpadassanaṃ hoti. Rattiṃ tiṇukkāya maggapaṭipanno cettha puriso opammaṃ.
緬 2.59已對照

相傳,有一個人夜間以草火把行路。他的那草火把熄滅了。於是[路的]平坦與不平坦對他便不顯現了。他把那草火把在地上摩擦,又把草火把點燃了。它燃燒起來,發出比先前的光明更大的光明。當他這樣一再把熄滅的[火把]點燃時,漸漸地太陽昇起了。太陽昇起時,[他想]「火把已無用處」,便把它扔掉,整天行走。此中,遍作時的遍之光明,猶如火把之光。看色時由於遍作的期限過去、光明消失而不見諸色,猶如火把熄滅時不見平坦與不平坦。一再入[基礎禪],猶如摩擦火把。再作遍作時以更強的光明遍滿,猶如火把發出比先前的光明更大的光明。已達堅固的光明依所限定而住立,猶如太陽昇起。捨棄微小的光明,以已達堅固的光明整天見色,猶如扔掉草火把而整天行走。

Eko kira rattiṃ tiṇukkāya maggaṃ paṭipajji. Tassa sā tiṇukkā vijjhāyi. Athassa samavisamāni na paññāyiṃsu. So taṃ tiṇukkaṃ bhūmiyaṃ ghaṃsitvā tiṇukkā puna ujjālesi. Sā pajjalitvā purimālokato mahantataraṃ ālokaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ punappunaṃ vijjhātaṃ ujjālayato kamena sūriyo uṭṭhāsi. Sūriye uṭṭhite ukkāya kammaṃ natthīti taṃ chaḍḍetvā divasampi agamāsi. Tattha ukkāloko viya parikammakāle kasiṇāloko. Ukkāya vijjhātāya samavisamānaṃ adassanaṃ viya rūpagataṃ passato parikammassa vārātikkamena āloke antarahite rūpagatānaṃ adassanaṃ. Ukkāya ghaṃsanaṃ viya punappunaṃ pavesanaṃ. Ukkāya purimālokato mahantatarālokakaraṇaṃ viya puna parikammaṃ karoto balavatarālokapharaṇaṃ. Sūriyuṭṭhānaṃ viya thāmagatālokassa yathāparicchedena ṭhānaṃ. Tiṇukkaṃ chaḍḍetvā divasampi gamanaṃ viya parittālokaṃ chaḍḍetvā thāmagatenālokena divasampi rūpadassanaṃ.
已對照

此中,當那比丘的肉眼所不及的——在腹內的、依止於心所依處的、依止於下方地面的、在牆外山外圍牆外的、在他輪圍界中的——這色來到智眼的所及範圍,如以肉眼所見一般之時,應知那時天眼已經生起。而此中唯有它能見色,而非前分心。

Tattha yadā tassa bhikkhuno maṃsacakkhussa anāpāthagataṃ antokucchigataṃ hadayavatthunissitaṃ heṭṭhāpathavītalanissitaṃ tirokuṭṭapabbatapākāragataṃ paracakkavāḷagatanti idaṃ rūpaṃ ñāṇacakkhussa āpāthaṃ āgacchati, maṃsacakkhunā dissamānaṃ viya hoti, tadā dibbacakkhu uppannaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ. Tadeva cettha rūpadassanasamatthaṃ, na pubbabhāgacittāni.
已對照

然而這[天眼]對凡夫是阻礙。為什麼呢?因為當他於某某處決意「願有光明」時,那某某處即使穿透大地、海洋、山嶽也成為一片光明;於是他在那裡看見可怖的夜叉、羅剎等形色時,便生起怖畏。由此他陷入心的散亂,成為禪那錯亂者;所以於見色時應不放逸。

Taṃ panetaṃ puthujjanassa paribandho hoti. Kasmā? So hi yasmā yattha yattha āloko hotūti adhiṭṭhāti, taṃ taṃ pathavīsamuddapabbate vinivijjhitvāpi ekālokaṃ hoti, athassa tattha bhayānakāni yakkharakkhasādirūpāni passato bhayaṃ uppajjati. Yena cittavikkhepaṃ patvā jhānavibbhantako hoti, tasmā rūpadassane appamattena bhavitabbaṃ.
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此中,天眼的生起次第是這樣的:以所說那樣的這色為所緣,意門轉向生起而滅去之後,以那同一色為所緣,生起四個或五個速行——一切都應依前面的方法而知。這裡也是,前分心是有尋有伺的、欲界的;最後成就目的之心,是屬第四禪的、色界的。與它俱生的智,稱為「於眾生死生之智」,也稱為「天眼智」。

Tatrāyaṃ dibbacakkhuno uppattikkamo. Vuttappakārametaṃ rūpamārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārāvajjane uppajjitvā niruddhe tadeva rūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā cattāri pañca vā javanāni uppajjantīti sabbaṃ purimanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Idhāpi pubbabhāgacittāni savitakkasavicārāni kāmāvacarāni. Pariyosāne atthasādhakacittaṃ catutthajjhānikaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ. Tena sahajātaṃ ñāṇaṃ sattānaṃ cutūpapāte ñāṇantipi dibbacakkhuñāṇantipi vuccatīti.
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死生智論,終。

Cutūpapātañāṇakathā niṭṭhitā.
413已對照

雜論

Pakiṇṇakakathā
413.
緬 2.60已對照

四百一十三、

如是,通曉五蘊的怙主所說的那五神通,

知了它們之後,關於它們,這雜論也應了知。

因為在這些[神通]中,那稱為死生智的天眼,有未來分智與隨業趣智這兩種附屬智。如是,這兩種與神變等五種,[共]七種神通智在此出現了。如今,為了在它們的所緣分別上不迷惑——

大仙所說的那四種所緣三法,

應闡明七種智在它們之中的轉起。

此中,這是闡明:因為大仙說了四種所緣三法。哪四種呢?有限所緣三法、道所緣三法、過去所緣三法、內所緣三法(《法集論》〈三法論母〉13、16、19、21)。

Iti pañcakkhandhavidū, pañca abhiññā avoca yā nātho;
Tā ñatvā tāsu ayaṃ, pakiṇṇakakathāpi viññeyyā.
Etāsu hi yadetaṃ cutūpapātañāṇasaṅkhātaṃ dibbacakkhu, tassa anāgataṃsañāṇañca yathākammupagañāṇañcāti dvepi paribhaṇḍañāṇāni honti. Iti imāni ca dve iddhividhādīni ca pañcāti satta abhiññāñāṇāni idhāgatāni. Idāni tesaṃ ārammaṇavibhāge asammohatthaṃ –
Ārammaṇattikā vuttā, ye cattāro mahesinā;
Sattannamapi ñāṇānaṃ, pavattiṃ tesu dīpaye.
Tatrāyaṃ dīpanā. Cattāro hi ārammaṇattikā mahesinā vuttā. Katame cattāro? Parittārammaṇattiko, maggārammaṇattiko, atītārammaṇattiko, ajjhattārammaṇattikoti (dha. sa. tikamātikā 13, 16, 19, 21).
414已對照

四百一十四、此中,神變智依有限、廣大、過去、未來、現在、內、外所緣,於七種所緣中轉起。如何呢?因為當[有神通者]想以不可見之身前往,把身作成依止於心,依心而轉變身,把[身]置於廣大心中、安放在[廣大心]上時,那時,由於「以業格(upayoga)所得的成為所緣」,它以色身為所緣,故是有限所緣。當[他]想以可見之身前往,把心作成依止於身,依身而轉變心,把基礎禪心置於色身中、安放在[色身]上時,那時,由於「以業格所得的成為所緣」,它以廣大心為所緣,故是廣大所緣。

414. Tattha iddhividhañāṇaṃ parittamahaggataatītānāgatapaccuppannaajjhattabahiddhārammaṇavasena sattasu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi yadā kāyaṃ cittasannissitaṃ katvā adissamānena kāyena gantukāmo cittavasena kāyaṃ pariṇāmeti, mahaggatacitte samodahati samāropeti, tadā upayogaladdhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ hotīti katvā rūpakāyārammaṇato parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Yadā cittaṃ kāyasannissitaṃ katvā dissamānena kāyena gantukāmo kāyavasena cittaṃ pariṇāmeti, pādakajjhānacittaṃ rūpakāye samodahati samāropeti, tadā upayogaladdhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ hotīti katvā mahaggatacittārammaṇato mahaggatārammaṇaṃ hoti.
緬 2.61已對照

而由於它以那已過去、已滅的同一心為所緣,所以是過去所緣。對於如大迦葉長老等在大舍利奉藏時那樣決意未來者,它是未來所緣。相傳,大迦葉長老作大舍利的奉藏時,決意:「於未來二百一十八年間,願這些香不幹,願花不萎,願燈不滅。」(《法集論義注》1434)一切都正如其所[決意]。阿說笈多長老在跋多尼耶坐臥處,看見比丘僧團在吃乾飯,便決意:「願水池每天在食前成為酪汁。」食前所取的就成為酪汁,食後則唯是平常的水(《法集論義注》1434)。而在把身作成依止於心、以不可見之身前往之時,它是現在所緣。

Yasmā pana tadeva cittaṃ atītaṃ niruddhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti, tasmā atītārammaṇaṃ hoti. Mahādhātunidhāne mahākassapattherādīnaṃ viya anāgataṃ adhiṭṭhahantānaṃ anāgatārammaṇaṃ hoti. Mahākassapatthero kira mahādhātunidhānaṃ karonto ‘‘anāgate aṭṭhārasavassādhikāni dvevassasatāni ime gandhā mā sussiṃsu, pupphāni mā milāyiṃsu, dīpā mā nibbāyiṃsū’’ti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 1434) adhiṭṭhahi. Sabbaṃ tatheva ahosi. Assaguttatthero vattaniyasenāsane bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sukkhabhattaṃ bhuñjamānaṃ disvā udakasoṇḍiṃ divase divase purebhatte dadhirasaṃ hotūti adhiṭṭhāsi. Purebhatte gahitaṃ dadhirasaṃ hoti. Pacchābhatte pākatikaudakameva (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 1434). Kāyaṃ pana cittasannissitaṃ katvā adissamānena kāyena gamanakāle paccuppannārammaṇaṃ hoti.
已對照

在依身而轉變心、或依心而轉變身之時,以及在化作自己的童子之形等之時,由於以自己的身與心為所緣,它是內所緣。而在於外顯現象、馬等之時,是外所緣——如是,首先應知神變智於七種所緣中的轉起。

Kāyavasena cittaṃ, cittavasena vā kāyaṃ pariṇāmanakāle attano kumārakavaṇṇādinimmānakāle ca sakāyacittānaṃ ārammaṇakaraṇato ajjhattārammaṇaṃ hoti. Bahiddhā hatthiassādidassanakāle pana bahiddhārammaṇanti evaṃ tāva iddhividhañāṇassa sattasu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
415已對照

四百一十五、天耳界智依有限、現在、內、外所緣,於四種所緣中轉起。如何呢?因為它以聲為所緣,而聲是有限的,所以是有限所緣。而由於唯以存在著的聲為所緣而轉起,所以是現在所緣。它在聽自己腹中之聲時,是內所緣;在聽他人之聲時,是外所緣——應如是知天耳界智於四種所緣中的轉起。

415. Dibbasotadhātuñāṇaṃ parittapaccuppannaajjhattabahiddhārammaṇavasena catūsu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi yasmā saddaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti, saddo ca paritto, tasmā parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Vijjamānaṃyeva pana saddaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattanato paccuppannārammaṇaṃ hoti. Taṃ attano kucchisaddasavanakāle ajjhattārammaṇaṃ. Paresaṃ saddasavanakāle bahiddhārammaṇanti evaṃ dibbasotadhātuñāṇassa catūsu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
416已對照

四百一十六、他心智依有限、廣大、無量、道、過去、未來、現在、外所緣,於八種所緣中轉起。如何呢?因為它在知他人慾界心時,是有限所緣;在知色界心、無色界心時,是廣大所緣;在知道與果時,是無量所緣。

416. Cetopariyañāṇaṃ parittamahaggataappamāṇamaggaatītānāgatapaccuppannabahiddhārammaṇavasena aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi paresaṃ kāmāvacaracittajānanakāle parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Rūpāvacaraarūpāvacaracittajānanakāle mahaggatārammaṇaṃ hoti. Maggaphalajānanakāle appamāṇārammaṇaṃ hoti.
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而此中,凡夫不知須陀洹的心;須陀洹[不知]斯陀含的[心]——應如是推及直到阿羅漢。而阿羅漢知一切人的心。其他上位者也[知]下位者的[心]——應知這一區別。在以道心為所緣時,是道所緣。而當[他]知他人在過去七日之內與未來七日之內的心時,那時是過去所緣與未來所緣。

Ettha ca puthujjano sotāpannassa cittaṃ na jānāti. Sotāpanno vā sakadāgāmissāti evaṃ yāva arahato netabbaṃ. Arahā pana sabbesaṃ cittaṃ jānāti. Aññopi ca uparimo heṭṭhimassāti ayaṃ viseso veditabbo. Maggacittārammaṇakāle maggārammaṇaṃ hoti. Yadā pana atīte sattadivasabbhantare ca anāgate sattadivasabbhantare ca paresaṃ cittaṃ jānāti, tadā atītārammaṇaṃ anāgatārammaṇañca hoti.
緬 2.62已對照

如何是現在所緣呢?所謂現在有三種:剎那現在(khaṇapaccuppanna)、相續現在(santatipaccuppanna)、時現在(addhāpaccuppanna)。此中,已達生、住、滅的,是剎那現在。屬於一、二相續輪次的,是相續現在。此中,坐在黑暗中而後去到明亮之處的人,所緣不會立即顯明;而直到它顯明為止,應知在這期間有一、二相續輪次。在明亮之處走動之後進入內室的人,色也不會立即驟然顯明;而直到它顯明為止,應知在這期間有一、二相續輪次。而站在遠處,即使看見了洗衣人的手的動作、敲鐘擊鼓的動作,也不會立即聽到聲音;而直到聽到它為止,在這期間也應知有一、二相續輪次。這暫且是中部誦者們[的說法]。

Kathaṃ paccuppannārammaṇaṃ hoti. Paccuppannaṃ nāma tividhaṃ – khaṇapaccuppannaṃ, santatipaccuppannaṃ, addhāpaccuppannañca. Tattha uppādaṭṭhitibhaṅgappattaṃ khaṇapaccuppannaṃ. Ekadvesantativārapariyāpannaṃ santatipaccuppannaṃ. Tattha andhakāre nisīditvā ālokaṭṭhānaṃ gatassa na tāva ārammaṇaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, yāva pana taṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, etthantare ekadvesantativārā veditabbā. Ālokaṭṭhāne vicaritvā ovarakaṃ paviṭṭhassāpi na tāva sahasā rūpaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, yāva pana taṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, etthantare ekadvesantativārā veditabbā. Dūre ṭhatvā pana rajakānaṃ hatthavikāraṃ, ghaṇḍibherīākoṭanavikārañca disvāpi na tāva saddaṃ suṇāti, yāva pana taṃ suṇāti, etasmimpi antare ekadvesantativārā veditabbā. Evaṃ tāva majjhimabhāṇakā.
已對照

而相應部誦者們說了色相續、非色相續兩種相續之後,[說]:涉水而去的人,直到岸上所踩的水痕尚未澄清為止;從遠路而來的人,直到身上的熱尚未平息為止;從日曬中來而進入室內的人,直到黑暗之態尚未消失為止;在室內作意業處、白天打開窗戶向外看的人,直到眼睛的顫動尚未平息為止——這名為色相續。說了「兩三個速行輪次名為非色相續」之後,他們說那兩者都名為相續現在。

Saṃyuttabhāṇakā pana rūpasantati arūpasantatīti dve santatiyo vatvā udakaṃ akkamitvā gatassa yāva tīre akkantaudakalekhā na vippasīdati, addhānato āgatassa yāva kāye usumabhāvo na vūpasammati, ātapā āgantvā gabbhaṃ paviṭṭhassa yāva andhakārabhāvo na vigacchati, antogabbhe kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasi karitvā divā vātapānaṃ vivaritvā olokentassa yāva akkhīnaṃ phandanabhāvo na vūpasammati, ayaṃ rūpasantati nāma. Dve tayo javanavārā arūpasantati nāmāti vatvā tadubhayampi santatipaccuppannaṃ nāmāti vadanti.
已對照

而以一有為限的,名為時現在。就此而在《賢善一夜經》中說:「賢友,凡意與凡諸法,這兩者都是現在;若於那現在識為欲貪所繫,由於識為欲貪所繫[之故],他便欣樂那[現在],欣樂那[現在]便於諸現在法中被牽引。」(《中部》3.284)而此中,相續現在出於諸義注;時現在[出於]經中。

Ekabhavaparicchinnaṃ pana addhāpaccuppannaṃ nāma. Yaṃ sandhāya bhaddekarattasutte ‘‘yo cāvuso, mano ye ca dhammā ubhayametaṃ paccuppannaṃ, tasmiṃ ce paccuppanne chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīratī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.284) vuttaṃ. Santatipaccuppannañcettha aṭṭhakathāsu āgataṃ. Addhāpaccuppannaṃ sutte.
已對照

此中,某些[師]說:剎那現在的心是他心智的所緣。為什麼呢?因為有神通者與他人的心在同一剎那生起。而這是他們的譬喻:猶如把一把花拋向空中時,必定有一朵花以[其]花莖碰觸另一朵的花莖;同樣,[想著]「我將知他人之心」而成堆地轉向大眾的心時,必定有一人的心,在生剎那或住剎那或壞滅剎那,被一個心所通達。然而那[說法],由於即使轉向一百年、一千年,那以之而轉向的心與以之而知的心,這兩者並無同時存在,又由於轉向與速行在不應許之處會落入所緣各異的過失,故不合理——諸義注中已加以駁斥。

Tattha keci khaṇapaccuppannaṃ cittaṃ cetopariyañāṇassa ārammaṇaṃ hotīti vadanti. Kiṃ kāraṇā? Yasmā iddhimato ca parassa ca ekakkhaṇe cittaṃ uppajjatīti. Idañca nesaṃ opammaṃ, yathā ākāse khitte pupphamuṭṭhimhi avassaṃ ekaṃ pupphaṃ ekassa vaṇṭena vaṇṭaṃ paṭivijjhati, evaṃ parassa cittaṃ jānissāmīti rāsivasena mahājanassa citte āvajjite avassaṃ ekassa cittaṃ ekena cittena uppādakkhaṇe vā ṭhitikkhaṇe vā bhaṅgakkhaṇe vā paṭivijjhatīti. Taṃ pana vassasatampi vassasahassampi āvajjanto yena ca cittena āvajjati, yena ca jānāti. Tesaṃ dvinnaṃ sahaṭhānābhāvato āvajjanajavanānañca aniṭṭhaṭṭhāne nānārammaṇabhāvappattidosato ayuttanti aṭṭhakathāsu paṭikkhittaṃ.
緬 2.63已對照

而應知相續現在與時現在才是所緣。此中,凡從現前轉起的速行路起,依過去與未來,在兩三個速行路之量的時間中他人的心,那一切都名為相續現在。「而時現在應以速行輪次來闡明」——在《相應部義注》中如是說。那是善說的。

Santatipaccuppannaṃ pana addhāpaccuppannañca ārammaṇaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ vattamānajavanavīthito atītānāgatavasena dvittijavanavīthiparimāṇe kāle parassa cittaṃ, taṃ sabbampi santatipaccuppannaṃ nāma. ‘‘Addhāpaccuppannaṃ pana javanavārena dīpetabba’’nti saṃyuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Taṃ suṭṭhu vuttaṃ.
已對照

此中,這是闡明:有神通者想知他人之心而轉向;轉向以剎那現在[的心]為所緣,與它一同滅去。其後有四個或五個速行;它們之中,最後的是神通心,其餘是欲界的;它們一切都以那同一已滅的心為所緣,而它們也不是所緣各異的,由於依時而是現在所緣。而即使所緣相同,也唯有神通心知他人之心,其餘的不[知],猶如在眼門中唯有眼識見色,其餘的不[見]。如是,這[智]依相續現在與時現在而是現在所緣。或者,由於相續現在也正落入時現在之中,所以應知這[智]唯依時現在而是現在所緣。而正由於以他人之心為所緣,是外所緣——應如是知他心智於八種所緣中的轉起。

Tatrāyaṃ dīpanā, iddhimā parassa cittaṃ jānitukāmo āvajjati, āvajjanaṃ khaṇapaccuppannaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā teneva saha nirujjhati. Tato cattāri pañca vā javanāni. Yesaṃ pacchimaṃ iddhicittaṃ, sesāni kāmāvacarāni, tesaṃ sabbesampi tadeva niruddhaṃ cittamārammaṇaṃ hoti, na ca tāni nānārammaṇāni honti, addhāvasena paccuppannārammaṇattā. Ekārammaṇattepi ca iddhicittameva parassa cittaṃ jānāti, na itarāni. Yathā cakkhudvāre cakkhuviññāṇameva rūpaṃ passati, na itarānīti. Iti idaṃ santatipaccuppannassa ceva addhāpaccuppannassa ca vasena paccuppannārammaṇaṃ hoti. Yasmā vā santatipaccuppannampi addhāpaccuppanneyeva patati, tasmā addhāpaccuppannavasenevetaṃ paccuppannārammaṇanti veditabbaṃ. Parassa cittārammaṇattāyeva pana bahiddhārammaṇaṃ hotīti evaṃ cetopariyañāṇassa aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
417已對照

四百一十七、宿住智依有限、廣大、無量、道、過去、內、外、不可說所緣,於八種所緣中轉起。如何呢?因為它在隨念欲界諸蘊時,是有限所緣;在隨念色界、無色界諸蘊時,是廣大所緣;在隨念過去由自己或他人所修的道與所證的果時,是無量所緣;在只隨念所修的道時,是道所緣。而決定地,這[智]唯是過去所緣。

417. Pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ parittamahaggataappamāṇamaggaatītaajjhattabahiddhānavattabbārammaṇavasena aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi kāmāvacarakkhandhānussaraṇakāle parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Rūpāvacarārūpāvacarakkhandhānussaraṇakāle mahaggatārammaṇaṃ. Atīte attanā parehi vā bhāvitamaggaṃ sacchikataphalañca anussaraṇakāle appamāṇārammaṇaṃ. Bhāvitamaggameva anussaraṇakāle maggārammaṇaṃ. Niyamato panetaṃ atītārammaṇameva.
緬 2.64已對照

此中,雖然他心智與隨業趣智也是過去所緣,然而它們之中,他心智的所緣唯是七日之內過去的心。因為它不知其他的蘊或系屬於蘊的;而由於以與道相應的心為所緣,依異門而說為道所緣。而隨業趣智的所緣唯是過去的思而已。而對宿住智來說,過去諸蘊與系屬於蘊的,沒有任何一樣名為非所緣的。因為它在過去諸蘊與系屬於蘊的諸法上,與一切知智同趣——應知這一區別。這是此中義注的方法。然而,由於在《發趣論》中說:「諸善蘊對神變智、他心智、宿住隨念智、隨業趣智、未來分智,以所緣緣為緣。」(《發趣論》1.1.404)所以,四蘊也都是他心智與隨業趣智的所緣;而其中,對隨業趣智來說,唯是善與不善[蘊]。

Tattha kiñcāpi cetopariyañāṇayathākammupagañāṇānipi atītārammaṇāni honti, atha kho tesaṃ cetopariyañāṇassa sattadivasabbhantarātītaṃ cittameva ārammaṇaṃ. Tañhi aññaṃ khandhaṃ vā khandhapaṭibaddhaṃ vā na jānāti. Maggasampayuttacittārammaṇattā pana pariyāyato maggārammaṇanti vuttaṃ. Yathākammupagañāṇassa ca atītaṃ cetanāmattameva ārammaṇaṃ. Pubbenivāsañāṇassa pana atītā khandhā khandhapaṭibaddhañca kiñci anārammaṇaṃ nāma natthi. Tañhi atītakkhandhakhandhapaṭibaddhesu dhammesu sabbaññutaññāṇagatikaṃ hotīti ayaṃ viseso veditabbo. Ayamettha aṭṭhakathānayo. Yasmā pana ‘‘kusalā khandhā iddhividhañāṇassa cetopariyañāṇassa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa yathākammupagañāṇassa anāgataṃsañāṇassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.404) paṭṭhāne vuttaṃ. Tasmā cattāropi khandhā cetopariyañāṇayathākammupagañāṇānaṃ ārammaṇā honti. Tatrāpi yathākammupagañāṇassa kusalākusalā evāti.
已對照

而這[宿住智]在隨念自己諸蘊時,是內所緣;在隨念他人諸蘊時,是外所緣。在以「過去有毗婆屍世尊。他的母親是槃頭婆提,父親是槃頭」(《長部》2.12)等方式隨念名、姓、地相等時,是不可說所緣。而此中「名、姓」,應視為系屬於蘊的、依世俗而成立的文句之義,而不是文句。因為文句由於被聲處所攝,是有限的。即如所說:「詞無礙解是有限所緣。」(《分別論》749)這是我們於此的認可。應如是知宿住智於八種所緣中的轉起。

Attano khandhānussaraṇakāle panetaṃ ajjhattārammaṇaṃ. Parassa khandhānussaraṇakāle bahiddhārammaṇaṃ. ‘‘Atīte vipassī bhagavā ahosi. Tassa mātā bandhumatī, pitā bandhumā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 2.12) nayena nāmagottapathavīnimittādianussaraṇakāle navattabbārammaṇaṃ hoti. Nāmagottanti cettha khandhūpanibandho sammutisiddho byañjanattho daṭṭhabbo, na byañjanaṃ. Byañjanañhi saddāyatanasaṅgahitattā parittaṃ hoti. Yathāha ‘‘niruttipaṭisambhidā parittārammaṇā’’ti (vibha. 749). Ayamettha amhākaṃ khanti. Evaṃ pubbenivāsañāṇassa aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
418已對照

四百一十八、天眼智依有限、現在、內、外所緣,於四種所緣中轉起。如何呢?因為它以色為所緣,而色是有限的,所以是有限所緣。又由於唯於存在著的色上轉起,是現在所緣。在見自己腹中等的色時,是內所緣;在見他人的色時,是外所緣——應如是知天眼智於四種所緣中的轉起。

418. Dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ parittapaccuppannaajjhattabahiddhārammaṇavasena catūsu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi yasmā rūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti, rūpañca parittaṃ, tasmā parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Vijjamāneyeva ca rūpe pavattattā paccuppannārammaṇaṃ. Attano kucchigatādirūpadassanakāle ajjhattārammaṇaṃ. Parassa rūpadassanakāle bahiddhārammaṇanti evaṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇassa catūsu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
419已對照

四百一十九、未來分智依有限、廣大、無量、道、未來、內、外、不可說所緣,於八種所緣中轉起。如何呢?因為它在知「此人未來將生於欲界」時,是有限所緣;在知「將生於色界或無色界」時,是廣大所緣;在知「將修道、將證果」時,是無量所緣;在只知「將修道」時,是道所緣。而決定地,它唯是未來所緣。

419. Anāgataṃsañāṇaṃ parittamahaggataappamāṇamaggaanāgataajjhattabahiddhānavattabbārammaṇavasena aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi ‘‘ayaṃ anāgate kāmāvacare nibbattissatī’’ti jānanakāle parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. ‘‘Rūpāvacare arūpāvacare vā nibbattissatī’’ti jānanakāle mahaggatārammaṇaṃ. ‘‘Maggaṃ bhāvessati, phalaṃ sacchikarissatī’’ti jānanakāle appamāṇārammaṇaṃ. ‘‘Maggaṃ bhāvessati’’cceva jānanakāle maggārammaṇaṃ. Niyamato pana taṃ anāgatārammaṇameva.
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此中,雖然他心智也是未來所緣,然而它的所緣唯是七日之內未來的心。因為它不知其他的蘊或系屬於蘊的。而對未來分智來說,依宿住智中所說的方法,於未來中沒有任何一樣名為非所緣的。在知「我將生於某處」時,是內所緣;在知「某人將生於某處」時,是外所緣。而在以「未來,彌勒世尊將出現(《長部》3.107)。名叫修梵摩的婆羅門將是他的父親,名叫梵摩越的婆羅門女[將是他的]母親」等方式知名、姓時,正依宿住智中所說的方法,是不可說所緣——應如是知未來分智於八種所緣中的轉起。

Tattha kiñcāpi cetopariyañāṇampi anāgatārammaṇaṃ hoti, atha kho tassa sattadivasabbhantarānāgataṃ cittameva ārammaṇaṃ. Tañhi aññaṃ khandhaṃ vā khandhapaṭibaddhaṃ vā na jānāti. Anāgataṃsañāṇassa pubbenivāsañāṇe vuttanayena anāgate anārammaṇaṃ nāma natthi. ‘‘Ahaṃ amutra nibbattissāmī’’ti jānanakāle ajjhattārammaṇaṃ. ‘‘Asuko amutra nibbattissatī’’ti jānanakāle bahiddhārammaṇaṃ. ‘‘Anāgate metteyyo bhagavā uppajjissati (dī. ni. 3.107). Subrahmā nāmassa brāhmaṇo pitā bhavissati. Brahmavatī nāma brāhmaṇī mātā’’tiādinā pana nayena nāmagottajānanakāle pubbenivāsañāṇe vuttanayeneva na vattabbārammaṇaṃ hotīti evaṃ anāgataṃsañāṇassa aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
420已對照

四百二十、隨業趣智依有限、廣大、過去、內、外所緣,於五種所緣中轉起。如何呢?因為它在知欲界業時,是有限所緣;在知色界、無色界業時,是廣大所緣;由於唯知過去,是過去所緣;在知自己的業時,是內所緣;在知他人的業時,是外所緣。應如是知隨業趣智於五種所緣中的轉起。而此中凡說為「內所緣與外所緣」的,那[智]在有時知內、有時知外之時,當然也是內外所緣。

420. Yathākammupagañāṇaṃ parittamahaggataatītaajjhattabahiddhārammaṇavasena pañcasu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi kāmāvacarakammajānanakāle parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Rūpāvacarārūpāvacarakammajānanakāle mahaggatārammaṇaṃ. Atītameva jānātīti atītārammaṇaṃ. Attano kammaṃ jānanakāle ajjhattārammaṇaṃ. Parassa kammaṃ jānanakāle bahiddhārammaṇaṃ hoti. Evaṃ yathākammupagañāṇassa pañcasu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā. Yañcettha ajjhattārammaṇañceva bahiddhārammaṇañcāti vuttaṃ, taṃ kālena ajjhattaṃ kālena bahiddhā jānanakāle ajjhattabahiddhārammaṇampi hotiyevāti.
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如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,

Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge
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名為〈神通的解說〉的

Abhiññāniddeso nāma
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第十三章[終]。

Terasamo paricchedo.