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清淨道論·神變的解說 Iddhividhaniddeso

本經目錄清淨道論(第二冊)十二、神變的解說神通論十種神通論降伏難陀優波難陀龍王論如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,名為〈神變的解說〉的第十二章[終]。

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清淨道論

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(第二冊)

(Dutiyo bhāgo)
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十二、神變的解說

12. Iddhividhaniddeso
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神通論

Abhiññākathā
365緬 2.1已對照

三百六十五、如今,依於哪些世間神通而說「這定的修習具有神通的功德利益」,為成就那些神通,由於已在地遍等中證得第四禪的瑜伽者應當致力——因為如是,他的那定的修習將既已得功德利益,又更加穩固;他具足了已得功德利益、更加穩固的定的修習,便能輕易地成就慧的修習——所以我們先開始神通論。

因為世尊為向已證得第四禪定的良家子們顯示定的修習的功德利益,以及為宣說更上更上、更殊勝更殊勝之法,以「當他的心如此得定、清淨、皎潔、無穢、離隨煩惱、柔軟、適於作業、住立、達到不動時,他引導心、使心轉向於種種神變。他體驗多種神變:一身能變成多身」等方式(《長部》1.238),說了神變、天耳界智、他心智、宿住隨念智、眾生死生智這五種世間神通。

此中,想作「一身能變成多身」等神通變化的初學瑜伽者,應於以白遍為終的八遍中,各各生起八等至之後——

依遍的順次、依遍的逆次、依遍的順逆次、依禪的順次、依禪的逆次、依禪的順逆次、依跳禪、依跳遍、依跳禪與遍、依轉禪支、依轉所緣、依轉禪支與所緣、依辨定禪支、依辨定所緣——

以這十四種行相調伏心。

365. Idāni yāsaṃ lokikābhiññānaṃ vasena ayaṃ samādhibhāvanā abhiññānisaṃsāti vuttā, tā abhiññā sampādetuṃ yasmā pathavīkasiṇādīsu adhigatacatutthajjhānena yoginā yogo kātabbo. Evañhissa sā samādhibhāvanā adhigatānisaṃsā ceva bhavissati thiratarā ca, so adhigatānisaṃsāya thiratarāya samādhibhāvanāya samannāgato sukheneva paññābhāvanaṃ sampādessati. Tasmā abhiññākathaṃ tāva ārabhissāma.
Bhagavatā hi adhigatacatutthajjhānasamādhīnaṃ kulaputtānaṃ samādhibhāvanānisaṃsadassanatthañceva uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītadhammadesanatthañca ‘‘so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte iddhividhāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti. So anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.238) nayena iddhividhaṃ, dibbasotadhātuñāṇaṃ, cetopariyañāṇaṃ, pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ, sattānaṃ cutūpapāte ñāṇanti pañca lokikābhiññā vuttā.
Tattha ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotītiādikaṃ iddhivikubbanaṃ kātukāmena ādikammikena yoginā odātakasiṇapariyantesu aṭṭhasu kasiṇesu aṭṭha aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā –
Kasiṇānulomato, kasiṇapaṭilomato, kasiṇānulomapaṭilomato, jhānānulomato, jhānapaṭilomato, jhānānulomapaṭilomato, jhānukkantikato, kasiṇukkantikato, jhānakasiṇukkantikato, aṅgasaṅkantito, ārammaṇasaṅkantito, aṅgārammaṇasaṅkantito, aṅgavavatthāpanato, ārammaṇavavatthāpanatoti.
Imehi cuddasahi ākārehi cittaṃ paridametabbaṃ.
366緬 2.3已對照

三百六十六、那麼,此中什麼是遍的順次……乃至……什麼是辨定所緣呢?在此,比丘於地遍入禪,其次於水遍——如是依次第於八遍中入[禪],或百次,或千次,這名為遍的順次。

而從白遍開始,同樣依逆的次第入[禪],名為遍的逆次。

從地遍直到白遍,又從白遍直到地遍——如是依順逆而一再入[禪],名為遍的順逆次。

而從初禪開始,依次第直到非想非非想處,一再入[禪],名為禪的順次。

從非想非非想處開始直到初禪,一再入[禪],名為禪的逆次。

從初禪直到非想非非想處,從非想非非想處直到初禪——如是依順逆而一再入[禪],名為禪的順逆次。

而於地遍入初禪之後,就在那[遍]上入第三[禪],然後去除那同一[遍]而[入]空無邊處,然後[入]無所有處——如是不越過遍,而唯以禪隔一的方式越過,名為跳禪。以水遍等為根本的組合,也應如是作。

於地遍入初禪之後,又於火遍[入]那同一[禪],然後於青遍,然後於赤遍——依這個方法,不越過禪,而唯以遍隔一的方式越過,名為跳遍。

於地遍入初禪之後,然後於火遍[入]第三[禪],去除青遍而[入]空無邊處,從赤遍[入]無所有處——依這個方法,禪與遍都越過,名為跳禪與遍。

而於地遍入初禪之後,就在那同一[遍]上也入其餘諸[禪],名為轉禪支。

於地遍入初禪之後,於水遍[入]那同一[禪]……乃至……於白遍[入]那同一[禪]——如是於一切遍中唯入同一個禪,名為轉所緣。

於地遍入初禪,於水遍[入]第二[禪],於火遍[入]第三[禪],於風遍[入]第四[禪],去除青遍而[入]空無邊處,從黃遍[入]識無邊處,從赤遍[入]無所有處,從白遍[入]非想非非想處——如是依[支與所緣]一併相異的方式轉換諸支與諸所緣,名為轉禪支與所緣。

而辨定初禪為「五支的」之後,[辨定]第二[禪]為「三支的」,第三[禪]為「二支的」,同樣,第四[禪]、空無邊處……乃至……非想非非想處[也為二支的]——如是唯辨定禪支,名為辨定禪支。

同樣,辨定「這是地遍」之後,[辨定]「這是水遍」……乃至……「這是白遍」——如是唯辨定所緣,名為辨定所緣。有些[師]也主張辨定禪支與所緣。然而由於在諸義注中沒有傳來,那確實不是修習之門。

366. Katamaṃ panettha kasiṇānulomaṃ…pe… katamaṃ ārammaṇavavatthāpananti. Idha bhikkhu pathavīkasiṇe jhānaṃ samāpajjati, tato āpokasiṇeti evaṃ paṭipāṭiyā aṭṭhasu kasiṇesu satakkhattumpi sahassakkhattumpi samāpajjati, idaṃ kasiṇānulomaṃ nāma.
Odātakasiṇato pana paṭṭhāya tatheva paṭilomakkamena samāpajjanaṃ kasiṇapaṭilomaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇato paṭṭhāya yāva odātakasiṇaṃ, odātakasiṇatopi paṭṭhāya yāva pathavīkasiṇanti evaṃ anulomapaṭilomavasena punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ kasiṇānulomapaṭilomaṃ nāma.
Paṭhamajjhānato pana paṭṭhāya paṭipāṭiyā yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ, tāva punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ jhānānulomaṃ nāma.
Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanato paṭṭhāya yāva paṭhamajjhānaṃ, tāva punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ jhānapaṭilomaṃ nāma.
Paṭhamajjhānato paṭṭhāya yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanato paṭṭhāya yāva paṭhamajjhānanti evaṃ anulomapaṭilomavasena punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ jhānānulomapaṭilomaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇe pana paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tattheva tatiyaṃ samāpajjati, tato tadeva ugghāṭetvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, tato ākiñcaññāyatananti evaṃ kasiṇaṃ anukkamitvā jhānasseva ekantarikabhāvena ukkamanaṃ jhānukkantikaṃ nāma. Evaṃ āpokasiṇādimūlikāpi yojanā kātabbā.
Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā puna tadeva tejokasiṇe, tato nīlakasiṇe, tato lohitakasiṇeti iminā nayena jhānaṃ anukkamitvā kasiṇasseva ekantarikabhāvena ukkamanaṃ kasiṇukkantikaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tato tejokasiṇe tatiyaṃ, nīlakasiṇaṃ ugghāṭetvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, lohitakasiṇato ākiñcaññāyatananti iminā nayena jhānassa ceva kasiṇassa ca ukkamanaṃ jhānakasiṇukkantikaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇe pana paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tattheva itaresampi samāpajjanaṃ aṅgasaṅkantikaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tadeva āpokasiṇe…pe… tadeva odātakasiṇeti evaṃ sabbakasiṇesu ekasseva jhānassa samāpajjanaṃ ārammaṇasaṅkantikaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā āpokasiṇe dutiyaṃ, tejokasiṇe tatiyaṃ, vāyokasiṇe catutthaṃ, nīlakasiṇaṃ ugghāṭetvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, pītakasiṇato viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ, lohitakasiṇato ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ, odātakasiṇato nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti evaṃ ekantarikavasena aṅgānañca ārammaṇānañca saṅkamanaṃ aṅgārammaṇasaṅkantikaṃ nāma.
Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ pana pañcaṅgikanti vavatthapetvā dutiyaṃ tivaṅgikaṃ, tatiyaṃ duvaṅgikaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti evaṃ jhānaṅgamattasseva vavatthāpanaṃ aṅgavavatthāpanaṃ nāma.
Tathā idaṃ pathavīkasiṇanti vavatthapetvā idaṃ āpokasiṇaṃ…pe… idaṃ odātakasiṇanti evaṃ ārammaṇamattasseva vavatthāpanaṃ ārammaṇavavatthāpanaṃ nāma. Aṅgārammaṇavavatthāpanampi eke icchanti. Aṭṭhakathāsu pana anāgatattā addhā taṃ bhāvanāmukhaṃ na hoti.
367已對照

三百六十七、而不以這十四種行相調伏心、先前未曾修習[禪與神通]的初學瑜伽行者會成就神通變化——這是不可能的。因為對初學者來說,連遍的遍作也是重擔,百人或千人中只有一人能夠。對已作了遍的遍作者來說,生起相是重擔,百人或千人中只有一人能夠。相生起後,增長它而證得安止是重擔,百人或千人中只有一人能夠。對已證得安止者來說,以十四種行相調伏心是重擔,百人或千人中只有一人能夠。對心已以十四種行相調伏者來說,所謂神通變化也是重擔,百人或千人中只有一人能夠。對已達到[神通]變化者來說,所謂速入定(khippanisanti)之性也是重擔,百人或千人中只有一人是速入定者——猶如在長老庵婆臺(Therambatthala),前來看護大羅訶那笈多(Mahārohaṇagutta)長老之病的約三萬位有神通者中,受具足戒八年的羅吉多(Rakkhita)長老那樣。他的威力已在〈地遍的解說〉(《清淨道論》1.78 等)中說過了。長老見了他的那威力,便說:「賢友們,若沒有羅吉多,我們都會受到呵責:『他們沒能保護龍王。』因此,自己所要拿著行走的武器,應當先清除鏽垢之後再拿著行走。」那三萬位比丘安住於長老的教誡,都成了速入定者。

367. Imehi pana cuddasahi ākārehi cittaṃ aparidametvā pubbe abhāvitabhāvano ādikammiko yogāvacaro iddhivikubbanaṃ sampādessatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Ādikammikassa hi kasiṇaparikammampi bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti. Katakasiṇaparikammassa nimittuppādanaṃ bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti. Uppanne nimitte taṃ vaḍḍhetvā appanādhigamo bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti. Adhigatappanassa cuddasahākārehi cittaparidamanaṃ bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti. Cuddasahākārehi paridamitacittassāpi iddhivikubbanaṃ nāma bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti. Vikubbanappattassāpi khippanisantibhāvo nāma bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova khippanisantī hoti. Therambatthale mahārohaṇaguttattherassa gilānupaṭṭhānaṃ āgatesu tiṃsamattesu iddhimantasahassesu upasampadāya aṭṭhavassiko rakkhitatthero viya. Tassānubhāvo pathavīkasiṇaniddese (visuddhi. 1.78 ādayo) vuttoyeva. Taṃ panassānubhāvaṃ disvā thero āha ‘‘āvuso, sace rakkhito nābhavissa sabbe garahappattā assāma ‘nāgarājānaṃ rakkhituṃ nāsakkhiṃsū’ti. Tasmā attanā gahetvā vicaritabbaṃ āvudhaṃ nāma malaṃ sodhetvāva gahetvā vicarituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. Te therassa ovāde ṭhatvā tiṃsasahassāpi bhikkhū khippanisantino ahesuṃ.
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而即使是速入定者,成為他人的依靠也是重擔,百人或千人中只有一人是[如此]——猶如在山貨運載供養(giribhaṇḍavāhanapūjā)時,魔降下炭火之雨,[他]在空中化作大地而救護[眾人]免於炭火之雨的那位長老。

Khippanisantiyāpi ca sati parassa patiṭṭhābhāvo bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova hoti, giribhaṇḍavāhanapūjāya mārena aṅgāravasse pavattite ākāse pathaviṃ māpetvā aṅgāravassaparittārako thero viya.
緬 2.5已對照

而對宿世努力強大的諸佛、獨覺佛、上首弟子等來說,即使沒有這所說方式的修習次第,唯由證得阿羅漢[果],這神通變化以及其他無礙解等類的諸德便成就了。因此,猶如想作裝飾品的金匠,先以吹火等使金柔軟、適於作業之後才作;又猶如想作器皿的陶工,先把陶土揉捏好、使之柔軟之後才作;正是如此,初學者應以這十四種行相調伏心,並依以欲為首、以心為首、以精進為首、以審察為首而入定,以及依轉向等的自在,使[心]柔軟、適於作業之後,應當致力於神變。而宿世之因具足者,僅於諸遍中的第四禪已得串習自在,也可以作。而此中應如何致力,世尊為顯示那方法,說了「當他的心如此得定」等語。

Balavapubbayogānaṃ pana buddhapaccekabuddhaaggasāvakādīnaṃ vināpi iminā vuttappakārena bhāvanānukkamena arahattapaṭilābheneva idañca iddhivikubbanaṃ aññe ca paṭisambhidādibhedā guṇā ijjhanti. Tasmā yathā piḷandhanavikatiṃ kattukāmo suvaṇṇakāro aggidhamanādīhi suvaṇṇaṃ muduṃ kammaññaṃ katvāva karoti, yathā ca bhājanavikatiṃ kattukāmo kumbhakāro mattikaṃ suparimadditaṃ muduṃ katvā karoti, evameva ādikammikena imehi cuddasahākārehi cittaṃ paridametvā chandasīsacittasīsavīriyasīsavīmaṃsāsīsasamāpajjanavasena ceva āvajjanādivasībhāvavasena ca muduṃ kammaññaṃ katvā iddhividhāya yogo karaṇīyo. Pubbahetusampannena pana kasiṇesu catutthajjhānamatte ciṇṇavasināpi kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Yathā panettha yogo kātabbo, taṃ vidhiṃ dassento bhagavā ‘‘so evaṃ samāhite citte’’tiādimāha.
368已對照

三百六十八、此中,這是唯隨順聖典之理趣的抉擇論。此中,「他(so)」者:即那已證得第四禪的瑜伽者。「如此(evaṃ)」者:這是指示第四禪的次第。是說:依這證得初禪等的次第而獲得第四禪之後。「得定(samāhite)」者:即以這第四禪之定而得定。「心(citte)」者:即於色界心。而於「清淨(parisuddhe)」等語中:依舍念清淨之性而「清淨」。正由於清淨而「皎潔」,是說光潔。由於以摧破樂等諸緣而貪等諸穢已被破壞,故「無穢」。正由於無穢而「離隨煩惱」;因為那心是由穢而被染汙的。由於善修習而「柔軟」,是說已達到自在。因為在掌控中轉起的心,稱為柔軟。正由於柔軟而「適於作業」,是說堪於作業、合於作業。因為柔軟的心是適於作業的,猶如善煉的金;而那兩者都正是由於善修習。即如所說:「諸比丘,我不見有其他任何一法,像這心這樣,諸比丘,已修習、已多作時既柔軟又適於作業。」(《增支部》1.22)

368. Tatrāyaṃ pāḷinayānusāreneva vinicchayakathā. Tattha soti so adhigatacatutthajjhāno yogī. Evanti catutthajjhānakkamanidassanametaṃ. Iminā paṭhamajjhānādhigamādinā kamena catutthajjhānaṃ paṭilabhitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Samāhiteti iminā catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite. Citteti rūpāvacaracitte. Parisuddhetiādīsu pana upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvena parisuddhe. Parisuddhattāyeva pariyodāte, pabhassareti vuttaṃ hoti. Sukhādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ ghātena vihatarāgādiaṅgaṇattā anaṅgaṇe. Anaṅgaṇattāyeva vigatūpakkilese. Aṅgaṇena hi taṃ cittaṃ upakkilissati. Subhāvitattā mudubhūte, vasībhāvappatteti vuttaṃ hoti. Vase vattamānaṃ hi cittaṃ mudunti vuccati. Muduttāyeva ca kammaniye, kammakkhame kammayoggeti vuttaṃ hoti. Muduṃ hi cittaṃ kammaniyaṃ hoti sudantamiva suvaṇṇaṃ, tañca ubhayampi subhāvitattāyevāti. Yathāha ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ muduñca hoti kammaniyañca, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, citta’’nti (a. ni. 1.22).
緬 2.6已對照

由於住立於這些清淨性等中,故「住立」。正由於住立而「達到不動」,是說不動搖、無動亂。或者,由於依柔軟、適於作業之性而住立於自己的掌控中,故「住立」;由於為信等所攝持,故「達到不動」。因為為信所攝持的心,不因不信而動搖;為精進所攝持的,不因懈怠而動搖;為念所攝持的,不因放逸而動搖;為定所攝持的,不因掉舉而動搖;為慧所攝持的,不因無明而動搖;具光明的,不因煩惱的黑暗而動搖。為這六法所攝持的[心],便是達到不動的。如是具足八支的心,堪於引導,以證知、作證那些應以證知作證之法。

Etesu parisuddhabhāvādīsu ṭhitattā ṭhite. Ṭhitattāyeva āneñjappatte, acale niriñjaneti vuttaṃ hoti. Mudukammaññabhāvena vā attano vase ṭhitattā ṭhite. Saddhādīhi pariggahitattā āneñjappatte. Saddhāpariggahitaṃ hi cittaṃ assaddhiyena na iñjati. Vīriyapariggahitaṃ kosajjena na iñjati. Satipariggahitaṃ pamādena na iñjati. Samādhipariggahitaṃ uddhaccena na iñjati. Paññāpariggahitaṃ avijjāya na iñjati. Obhāsagataṃ kilesandhakārena na iñjati. Imehi chahi dhammehi pariggahitaṃ āneñjappattaṃ hoti. Evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya.
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另一理趣:以第四禪之定而「得定」。由於遠離諸蓋而「清淨」。由於超越尋等而「皎潔」。由於沒有以獲得禪那為緣的諸欲之所行,而「無穢」。由於貪欲等心的諸隨煩惱已離去,而「離隨煩惱」。而這兩者都應隨順《無穢經》《布喻經》(《中部》1.57 等)而知。由於達到自在而「柔軟」。由於達到神足之性而「適於作業」。由於修習圓滿、達到殊勝之性而「住立」「達到不動」——如是住立,以致達到不動,此是其義。如是具足八支的心,也堪於引導,以證知、作證那些應以證知作證之法,而成為[其]基礎、近因。

Aparo nayo, catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite. Nīvaraṇadūrabhāvena parisuddhe. Vitakkādisamatikkamena pariyodāte. Jhānapaṭilābhapaccayānaṃ icchāvacarānaṃ abhāvena anaṅgaṇe. Abhijjhādīnaṃ cittassa upakkilesānaṃ vigamena vigatūpakkilese. Ubhayampi cetaṃ anaṅgaṇasuttavatthasuttānusārena (ma. ni. 1.57 ādayo) veditabbaṃ. Vasippattiyā mudubhūte. Iddhipādabhāvūpagamena kammaniye. Bhāvanāpāripūriyā paṇītabhāvūpagamena ṭhite āneñjappatte. Yathā āneñjappattaṃ hoti, evaṃ ṭhiteti attho. Evampi aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya pādakaṃ padaṭṭhānabhūtanti.
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十種神通論

Dasaiddhikathā
369已對照

三百六十九、於「引導心、使心轉向於種種神變(iddhividhāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti)」這裡,依成就之義為神通(iddhi),是說依成辦之義與獲得之義。因為凡成辦、被獲得的,那就稱為「成就」。即如所說:「對欲求欲的人,若他的那[所欲]得以成就」(《經集》772)。同樣:「出離成就,故為神通;驅除[對立],故為示導。阿羅漢道成就,故為神通;驅除[對立],故為示導。」(《無礙解道》3.32)

369. Iddhividhāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmetīti ettha ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhi, nipphattiatthena paṭilābhaṭṭhena cāti vuttaṃ hoti. Yañhi nipphajjati paṭilabbhati ca, taṃ ijjhatīti vuccati. Yathāha ‘‘kāmaṃ kāmayamānassa, tassa cetaṃ samijjhatī’’ti (su. ni. 772). Tathā ‘‘nekkhammaṃ ijjhatīti iddhi, paṭiharatīti pāṭihāriyaṃ. Arahattamaggo ijjhatīti iddhi, paṭiharatīti pāṭihāriya’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.32).
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另一理趣:依成就之義為神通。這是方便具足的增語。因為方便具足由於產生所意欲的果而成就。即如所說:「這位質多居士是具戒的、具善法的。若他發願『於未來世願我成為轉輪王』,那麼他的這[願]必將成就,持戒者的心願由於清淨[而成就]。」(《相應部》4.352)

Aparo nayo, ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhi. Upāyasampadāyetamadhivacanaṃ. Upāyasampadā hi ijjhati adhippetaphalappasavanato. Yathāha – ‘‘ayaṃ kho citto gahapati sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, sace paṇidahissati ‘anāgatamaddhānaṃ rājā assaṃ cakkavattī’ti, tassa kho ayaṃ ijjhissati sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.352).
緬 2.7已對照

另一理趣:眾生以它而成就,故為神通。「成就」,是說成為興盛、增長、達於殊勝者。它有十種。即如所說:「神通有幾種?神通有十種。」又說:「哪十種神通呢?決意神通、變化神通、意所成神通、智遍滿神通、定遍滿神通、聖神通、業異熟生神通、有福者的神通、明所成神通、於各各處以正加行為緣、依成就之義的神通。」(《無礙解道》3.9)

Aparo nayo, etāya sattā ijjhantīti iddhi. Ijjhantīti iddhā vuddhā ukkaṃsagatā hontīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sā dasavidhā. Yathāha ‘‘kati iddhiyoti dasa iddhiyo’’. Puna caparaṃ āha ‘‘katamā dasa iddhiyo? Adhiṭṭhānā iddhi, vikubbanā iddhi, manomayā iddhi, ñāṇavipphārā iddhi, samādhivipphārā iddhi, ariyā iddhi, kammavipākajā iddhi, puññavato iddhi, vijjāmayā iddhi, tattha tattha sammāpayogapaccayā ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.9).
370已對照

三百七十、此中,「本來是一個,他轉向許多:一百或一千或十萬;轉向之後,以智決意:『願我成為許多。』」(《無礙解道》3.10)如是分別顯示的神通,由於依決意而成辦,名為決意神通。

370. Tattha ‘‘pakatiyā eko bahukaṃ āvajjati. Sataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā satasahassaṃ vā āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti ‘bahuko homī’’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.10) evaṃ vibhajitvā dassitā iddhi adhiṭṭhānavasena nipphannattā adhiṭṭhānā iddhi nāma.
371已對照

三百七十一、「他捨棄本來的容色,顯示童子的容色,或顯示龍的容色……乃至……也顯示種種軍陣。」(《無礙解道》3.13)如是而來的神通,由於依捨棄本來容色的變化而轉起,名為變化神通。

371. ‘‘So pakativaṇṇaṃ vijahitvā kumārakavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti nāgavaṇṇaṃ vā…pe… vividhampi senābyūhaṃ dassetī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.13) evaṃ āgatā iddhi pakativaṇṇavijahanavikāravasena pavattattā vikubbanā iddhi nāma.
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三百七十二、「在此,比丘從此身化作出另一個身:有色、意所成。」(《無礙解道》3.14)依這方式而來的神通,由於依在身內產生另一個意所成之身而轉起,名為意所成神通。

372. ‘‘Idha bhikkhu imamhā kāyā aññaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimmināti rūpiṃ manomaya’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.14) iminā nayena āgatā iddhi sarīrabbhantare aññasseva manomayassa sarīrassa nipphattivasena pavattattā manomayā iddhi nāma.
373已對照

三百七十三、而在智生起之前、之後或當剎那,由智的威力所產生的殊勝,名為智遍滿神通。因為這已被說過:「由無常隨觀,常想之舍斷義成就,故為智遍滿神通……乃至……由阿羅漢道,一切煩惱之舍斷義成就,故為智遍滿神通。具壽薄拘羅的智遍滿神通;具壽刪祇遮的智遍滿神通;具壽部多波羅的智遍滿神通。」(《無礙解道》3.15)

373. Ñāṇuppattito pana pubbe vā pacchā vā taṃkhaṇe vā ñāṇānubhāvanibbatto viseso ñāṇavipphārā iddhi nāma. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘aniccānupassanāya niccasaññāya pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti ñāṇavipphārā iddhi…pe… arahattamaggena sabbakilesānaṃ pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti ñāṇavipphārā iddhi. Āyasmato bākkulassa ñāṇavipphārā iddhi. Āyasmato saṃkiccassa ñāṇavipphārā iddhi. Āyasmato bhūtapālassa ñāṇavipphārā iddhī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.15).
緬 2.8已對照

此中,具壽薄拘羅年幼時,在吉祥日於河中被[人]洗浴,由於乳母放逸,落入水流。一條魚吞了他,去到波羅奈的渡口。在那裡,漁夫捉住它,賣給長者之妻。她對那魚生起喜愛,[想著]「我要親自煮它」,剖開時,見到魚腹中如金像一般的孩子,[想著]「我得了一個兒子」,生起了喜悅。如是,具壽薄拘羅是最後有者,他在魚腹中無病,由於是依他以那自體所應獲得的阿羅漢道智的威力而產生的,名為智遍滿神通。而這故事應詳細講述。

Tattha āyasmā bākkulo daharova maṅgaladivase nadiyā nhāpiyamāno dhātiyā pamādena sote patito. Tamenaṃ maccho gilitvā bārāṇasītitthaṃ agamāsi. Tatra taṃ macchabandho gahetvā seṭṭhibhariyāya vikkiṇi. Sā macche sinehaṃ uppādetvā ahameva naṃ pacissāmīti phālentī macchakucchiyaṃ suvaṇṇabimbaṃ viya dārakaṃ disvā putto me laddhoti somanassajātā ahosi. Iti macchakucchiyaṃ arogabhāvo āyasmato bākkulassa pacchimabhavikassa tena attabhāvena paṭilabhitabbaarahattamaggañāṇānubhāvena nibbattattā ñāṇavipphārā iddhi nāma. Vatthu pana vitthārena kathetabbaṃ.
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而刪祇遮長老還在母胎中時,母親就命終了。當她被放上柴堆、以鐵叉刺穿而焚燒時,孩子在眼眶上被叉尖擊中,發出了聲音。於是[人們想著]「孩子還活著」,把[屍體]取下,剖開腹部,把孩子交給祖母。他由她撫養,長大之後出家,連同諸無礙解證得了阿羅漢[果]。如是,依所說的方式,具壽刪祇遮在柴堆上無病,名為智遍滿神通。

Saṃkiccattherassa pana gabbhagatasseva mātā kālamakāsi. Tassā citakaṃ āropetvā sūlehi vijjhitvā jhāpiyamānāya dārako sūlakoṭiyā akkhikūṭe pahāraṃ labhitvā saddaṃ akāsi. Tato dārako jīvatīti otāretvā kucchiṃ phāletvā dārakaṃ ayyikāya adaṃsu. So tāya paṭijaggito vuddhimanvāya pabbajitvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Iti vuttanayeneva dārucitakāya arogabhāvo āyasmato saṃkiccassa ñāṇavipphārā iddhi nāma.
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而部多波羅童子的父親是王舍城的窮人。他為了柴,以車去到林野,裝了一車柴,傍晚到達城門附近。這時,他的牛卸脫車軛,進了城。他讓小兒子坐在車旁,跟隨牛的足跡而去,也進入了城中。他還沒出來,城門就關上了。孩子在城外兇猛夜叉出沒之處度過三更之夜而無病,依所說的方式,名為智遍滿神通。而這故事應詳述。

Bhūtapāladārakassa pana pitā rājagahe daliddamanusso. So dārūnaṃ atthāya sakaṭena aṭaviṃ gantvā dārubhāraṃ katvā sāyaṃ nagaradvārasamīpaṃ patto. Athassa goṇā yugaṃ ossajjitvā nagaraṃ pavisiṃsu. So sakaṭamūle puttakaṃ nisīdāpetvā goṇānaṃ anupadaṃ gacchanto nagarameva pāvisi. Tassa anikkhantasseva dvāraṃ pihitaṃ. Dārakassa vāḷayakkhānucaritepi bahinagare tiyāmarattiṃ arogabhāvo vuttanayeneva ñāṇavipphārā iddhi nāma. Vatthu pana vitthāretabbaṃ.
374已對照

三百七十四、在定之前、之後或當剎那,由止的威力所產生的殊勝,[名為]定遍滿神通。因為這已被說過:「由初禪,諸蓋之舍斷義成就,故為定遍滿神通……乃至……由非想非非想處等至,無所有處想之舍斷義成就,故為定遍滿神通。具壽舍利弗的定遍滿神通;具壽僧耆婆的、具壽樹樁憍陳如的、優多羅優婆夷的、沙摩婆提優婆夷的定遍滿神通。」(《無礙解道》3.16)

374. Samādhito pubbe vā pacchā vā taṃkhaṇe vā samathānubhāvanibbatto viseso samādhivipphārā iddhi. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘paṭhamajjhānena nīvaraṇānaṃ pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti samādhivipphārā iddhi…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññāya pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti samādhivipphārā iddhi. Āyasmato sāriputtassa samādhivipphārā iddhi, āyasmato sañjīvassa, āyasmato khāṇukoṇḍaññassa, uttarāya upāsikāya, sāmāvatiyā upāsikāya samādhivipphārā iddhī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.16).
緬 2.9已對照

此中,當具壽舍利弗與大目犍連長老一起住在鴿窟(Kapotakandarā)時,在月光之夜,剛剃了頭髮,坐在露天,一個惡夜叉雖被同伴夜叉勸阻,仍在[他]頭上打了一擊。那一擊的聲音就如烏雲雷鳴。那時,長老就在他打下的時刻入了等至。於是由於那一擊,他沒有任何病惱。這是那位具壽的定遍滿神通。而這故事已在《自說》(《自說》34)中來了。

Tattha yadā āyasmato sāriputtassa mahāmoggallānattherena saddhiṃ kapotakandarāyaṃ viharato juṇhāya rattiyā navoropitehi kesehi ajjhokāse nisinnassa eko duṭṭhayakkho sahāyakena yakkhena vāriyamānopi sīse pahāramadāsi. Yassa meghassa viya gajjato saddo ahosi. Tadā thero tassa paharaṇasamaye samāpattiṃ appesi. Athassa tena pahārena na koci ābādho ahosi. Ayaṃ tassāyasmato samādhivipphārā iddhi. Vatthu pana udāne (udā. 34) āgatameva.
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而僧耆婆長老入了滅盡定,牧牛人等認為[他]已命終,就收集草、木、牛糞而點了火。長老的衣連一絲也沒有燒著。這是他的定遍滿神通,由於是由依次第之等至而轉起的止的威力所產生。而這故事已在經中(《中部》1.507)來了。

Sañjīvattheraṃ pana nirodhasamāpannaṃ kālakatoti sallakkhetvā gopālakādayo tiṇakaṭṭhagomayāni saṅkaḍḍhetvā aggiṃ adaṃsu. Therassa cīvare aṃsumattampi najjhāyittha. Ayamassa anupubbasamāpattivasena pavattasamathānubhāvanibbattattā samādhivipphārā iddhi. Vatthu pana sutte (ma. ni. 1.507) āgatameva.
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而樹樁憍陳如長老本來就多入等至。他在某林野中,夜裡入了等至而坐。五百盜賊偷了財物離去,[想著]「現在沒有人沿路追我們來了」,想要休息,卸下財物時,以為「這是樹樁」,就把所有財物都放在長老身上。他們休息過後要走,拿取最先放下的財物時,長老依所限定的時限出定了。他們見到長老動的樣子,害怕而大叫。長老說:「優婆塞們,不要害怕,我是比丘。」他們走來禮敬,以對長老所生的淨信而出家,連同諸無礙解證得了阿羅漢[果](《法句義注》1.1)。此中,長老被五百包財物壓著而沒有病惱,這是定遍滿神通。

Khāṇukoṇḍaññatthero pana pakatiyāva samāpattibahulo. So aññatarasmiṃ araññe rattiṃ samāpattiṃ appetvā nisīdi. Pañcasatā corā bhaṇḍakaṃ thenetvā gacchantā ‘‘idāni amhākaṃ anupathaṃ āgacchantā natthī’’ti vissamitukāmā bhaṇḍakaṃ oropayamānā ‘‘khāṇuko aya’’nti maññamānā therasseva upari sabbabhaṇḍakāni ṭhapesuṃ. Tesaṃ vissamitvā gacchantānaṃ paṭhamaṃ ṭhapitabhaṇḍakassa gahaṇakāle kālaparicchedavasena thero vuṭṭhāsi. Te therassa calanākāraṃ disvā bhītā viraviṃsu. Thero ‘‘mā bhāyittha upāsakā, bhikkhu aha’’nti āha. Te āgantvā vanditvā theragatena pasādena pabbajitvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.1). Ayamettha pañcahi bhaṇḍakasatehi ajjhotthaṭassa therassa ābādhābhāvo samādhivipphārā iddhi.
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而優多羅優婆夷是富樓那長者的女兒。一個名叫尸利摩的妓女為嫉妒所驅,把一鍋滾熱的油澆在她頭上。優多羅就在那剎那入了慈[等至]。那油便如水滴從蓮葉上滾落一般流去了。這是她的定遍滿神通。而這故事應詳述。

Uttarā pana upāsikā puṇṇaseṭṭhissa dhītā. Tassā sirimā nāma gaṇikā issāpakatā tattatelakaṭāhaṃ sīse āsiñci. Uttarā taṃkhaṇaññeva mettaṃ samāpajji. Telaṃ pokkharapattato udakabindu viya vivaṭṭamānaṃ agamāsi. Ayamassā samādhivipphārā iddhi. Vatthu pana vitthāretabbaṃ.
緬 2.10已對照

名叫沙摩婆提的是優填王的正後。摩犍提婆羅門希求讓自己的女兒得到正後之位,使人把毒蛇放進她的琵琶裡,對國王說:「大王,沙摩婆提想殺你,把毒蛇放在琵琶裡隨身攜帶。」國王見了,大怒,[想著]「我要殺沙摩婆提」,便上弓弦,搭上塗了毒的剃刀鏃箭。沙摩婆提與侍從一起以慈遍滿國王。國王既不能射出箭,也不能放下,顫抖著站立。於是王后對他說:「大王,你疲倦了嗎?」「是的,我疲倦了。」「那麼,放下弓吧。」箭就落在國王的腳下。於是王后教誡他:「大王,不應加害於無害者。」如是,國王不能放出箭,這是沙摩婆提優婆夷的定遍滿神通。

Sāmāvatī nāma udenassa rañño aggamahesī. Māgaṇḍiyabrāhmaṇo attano dhītāya aggamahesiṭṭhānaṃ patthayamāno tassā vīṇāya āsīvisaṃ pakkhipāpetvā rājānaṃ āha ‘‘mahārāja, sāmāvatī taṃ māretukāmā vīṇāya āsīvisaṃ gahetvā pariharatī’’ti. Rājā taṃ disvā kupito sāmāvatiṃ vadhissāmīti dhanuṃ āropetvā visapītaṃ khurappaṃ sannayhi. Sāmāvatī saparivārā rājānaṃ mettāya phari. Rājā neva saraṃ khipituṃ na oropetuṃ sakkonto vedhamāno aṭṭhāsi. Tato naṃ devī āha ‘‘kiṃ, mahārāja, kilamasī’’ti? ‘‘Āma kilamāmī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi dhanuṃ oropehī’’ti. Saro rañño pādamūleyeva pati. Tato naṃ devī ‘‘mahārāja, appaduṭṭhassa nappadussitabba’’nti ovadi. Iti rañño saraṃ muñcituṃ avisahanabhāvo sāmāvatiyā upāsikāya samādhivipphārā iddhīti.
375已對照

三百七十五、而於厭惡等[所緣]住於不厭惡想等,名為聖神通。即如所說:「什麼是聖神通?在此,比丘若希望『願我於厭惡[所緣]住於不厭惡想』,便在那裡住於不厭惡想……乃至……便在那裡住於舍,具念、正知。」(《無礙解道》3.17)因為這[神通]唯在已得心自在的聖者們那裡才有,故稱為聖神通。

375. Paṭikkūlādīsu appaṭikkūlasaññivihārādikā pana ariyā iddhi nāma. Yathāha – ‘‘katamā ariyā iddhi? Idha – bhikkhu sace ākaṅkhati ‘paṭikkūle appaṭikkūlasaññī vihareyya’nti, appaṭikkūlasaññī tattha viharati…pe… upekkhako tattha viharati sato sampajāno’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.17). Ayañhi cetovasippattānaṃ ariyānaṃyeva sambhavato ariyā iddhīti vuccati.
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因為具足這[神通]的漏盡比丘,於厭惡的、不可喜的事物上,作慈遍滿或界作意,便住於不厭惡想。於不厭惡的、可喜的事物上,作不淨遍滿或「無常」之作意,便住於厭惡想。同樣,於厭惡與不厭惡[的事物]上,作那同一慈遍滿或界作意,便住於不厭惡想。而於不厭惡與厭惡[的事物]上,作那同一不淨遍滿或「無常」之作意,便住於厭惡想。而令以「以眼見色後,既不喜悅」等方式所說的六支舍轉起時,於厭惡與不厭惡中,避開那兩者,住於舍,具念、正知。因為在《無礙解道》中,以「如何於厭惡[所緣]住於不厭惡想?於不可喜的事物以慈遍滿,或依界而引向[觀察]」等方式(《無礙解道》3.17),所分別的正是此義。這[神通]唯在已得心自在的聖者們那裡才有,故稱為聖神通。

Etāya hi samannāgato khīṇāsavo bhikkhu paṭikkūle aniṭṭhe vatthusmiṃ mettāpharaṇaṃ vā dhātumanasikāraṃ vā karonto appaṭikkūlasaññī viharati. Appaṭikkūle iṭṭhe vatthusmiṃ asubhapharaṇaṃ vā aniccanti manasikāraṃ vā karonto paṭikkūlasaññī viharati. Tathā paṭikkūlāpaṭikkūlesu tadeva mettāpharaṇaṃ vā dhātumanasikāraṃ vā karonto appaṭikkūlasaññī viharati. Appaṭikkūlapaṭikkūlesu ca tadeva asubhapharaṇaṃ vā aniccanti manasikāraṃ vā karonto paṭikkūlasaññī viharati. Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hotītiādinā nayena vuttaṃ pana chaḷaṅgupekkhaṃ pavattayamāno paṭikkūle ca appaṭikkūle ca tadubhayaṃ abhinivajjitvā upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Paṭisambhidāyañhi ‘‘kathaṃ paṭikkūle appaṭikkūlasaññī viharati? Aniṭṭhasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ mettāya vā pharati dhātuso vā upasaṃharatī’’tiādinā (paṭi. ma. 3.17) nayena ayameva attho vibhatto. Ayaṃ cetovasippattānaṃ ariyānaṃyeva sambhavato ariyā iddhīti vuccati.
376緬 2.11已對照

三百七十六、而鳥等的空中行走等,名為業異熟生神通。即如所說:「什麼是業異熟生神通?一切鳥、一切天、一部分人與一部分墮處者的——這是業異熟生神通。」(《無礙解道》3.18)因為此中,一切鳥不需禪那或觀,就能在空中行走。一切天以及劫初的一部分人也是如此。同樣,毗揚伽羅之母(《相應部》1.240)、夜叉女優多羅之母、富沙密多、法護等,如是一部分墮處者在空中行走,是業異熟生神通。

376. Pakkhīādīnaṃ pana vehāsagamanādikā kammavipākajā iddhi nāma. Yathāha – ‘‘katamā kammavipākajā iddhi? Sabbesaṃ pakkhīnaṃ sabbesaṃ devānaṃ ekaccānaṃ manussānaṃ ekaccānañca vinipātikānaṃ ayaṃ kammavipākajā iddhī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.18). Ettha hi sabbesaṃ pakkhīnaṃ jhānaṃ vā vipassanaṃ vā vināyeva ākāsena gamanaṃ. Tathā sabbesaṃ devānaṃ paṭhamakappikānañca ekaccānaṃ manussānaṃ. Tathā piyaṅkaramātā (saṃ. ni. 1.240) yakkhinī uttaramātā phussamittā dhammaguttāti evamādīnaṃ ekaccānaṃ vinipātikānaṃ ākāsena gamanaṃ kammavipākajā iddhīti.
377已對照

三百七十七、而轉輪王等的空中行走等,名為有福者的神通。即如所說:「什麼是有福者的神通?轉輪王與四支軍隊一起在空中行走,甚至連馬伕、牛夫之人也包括在內。樹提居士的有福者的神通;闍提羅居士的有福者的神通;瞿師羅居士的有福者的神通;美達迦居士的有福者的神通;五大福者的有福者的神通。」而簡略地說,於福德資糧已達成熟時所成就的殊勝,[即]有福者的神通。

377. Cakkavattiādīnaṃ vehāsagamanādikā pana puññavato iddhi nāma. Yathāha ‘‘katamā puññavato iddhi? Rājā cakkavattī vehāsaṃ gacchati saddhiṃ caturaṅginiyā senāya antamaso assabandhagobandhapurise upādāya. Jotikassa gahapatissa puññavato iddhi. Jaṭilakassa gahapatissa puññavato iddhi. Ghositassa gahapatissa puññavato iddhi. Meṇḍakassa gahapatissa puññavato iddhi. Pañcannaṃ mahāpuññānaṃ puññavato iddhī’’ti. Saṅkhepato pana paripākaṃ gate puññasambhāre ijjhanakaviseso puññavato iddhi.
緬 2.12已對照

而此中,於樹提居士,裂地湧出摩尼宮殿,還有六十四棵如意樹——這是他的有福者的神通。於闍提羅,生出八十肘高的金山。於瞿師羅,雖在七處被[人]為殺害而加害,卻無病,是有福者的神通。於美達迦,在僅一迦利沙(karīsa)大小之地,出現七寶所成的羊,是有福者的神通。所謂五大福者,即美達迦長者、他的妻子旃陀缽頭摩悉利(Candapadumasirī)、兒子檀那闍耶長者、兒媳蘇摩那夫人、名叫富樓那的奴僕。其中,長者洗過頭、仰望天空時,從空中[降下]紅稻,裝滿一萬二千五百座穀倉。妻子即使只拿一那利(nāḷi)量的飯,分給全閻浮提的居民,飯也不減少。兒子拿著千[錢]的錢袋,即使給全閻浮提的居民,迦利沙槃也不減少。兒媳拿著一斗(tumba)稻穀,即使分給全閻浮提的居民,谷也不減少。奴僕以一犁耕地時,這邊七[道]、那邊七[道],成為十四道犁溝。這是他們的有福者的神通。

Ettha ca jotikassa gahapatissa pathaviṃ bhinditvā maṇipāsādo uṭṭhahi. Catusaṭṭhi ca kapparukkhāti ayamassa puññavato iddhi. Jaṭilakassa asītihattho suvaṇṇapabbato nibbatti. Ghositassa sattasu ṭhānesu māraṇatthāya upakkame katepi arogabhāvo puññavato iddhi. Meṇḍakassa ekakarīsamatte padese sattaratanamayānaṃ meṇḍakānaṃ pātubhāvo puññavato iddhi. Pañca mahāpuññā nāma meṇḍakaseṭṭhi, tassa bhariyā candapadumasirī, putto dhanañcayaseṭṭhi, suṇisā sumanadevī, dāso puṇṇo nāmāti. Tesu seṭṭhissa sīsaṃ nhātassa ākāsaṃ ullokanakāle aḍḍhateḷasakoṭṭhasahassāni ākāsato rattasālīnaṃ pūrenti. Bhariyāya nāḷikodanamattampi gahetvā sakalajambudīpavāsike parivisamānāya bhattaṃ na khīyati. Puttassa sahassatthavikaṃ gahetvā sakalajambudīpavāsikānampi dentassa kahāpaṇā na khīyanti. Suṇisāya ekaṃ vīhitumbaṃ gahetvā sakalajambudīpavāsikānampi bhājayamānāya dhaññaṃ na khīyati. Dāsassa ekena naṅgalena kasato ito satta ito sattāti cuddasa maggā honti. Ayaṃ nesaṃ puññavato iddhi.
378已對照

三百七十八、而持明者等的空中行走等,[名為]明所成神通。即如所說:「什麼是明所成神通?持明者唸誦明咒之後,在空中行走,於空中、於虛空也顯示象……乃至……也顯示種種軍陣。」(《無礙解道》3.18)

378. Vijjādharādīnaṃ vehāsagamanādikā pana vijjāmayā iddhi. Yathāha ‘‘katamā vijjāmayā iddhi? Vijjādharā vijjaṃ parijapitvā vehāsaṃ gacchanti. Ākāse antalikkhe hatthimpi dassenti…pe… vividhampi senābyūhaṃ dassentī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.18).
379已對照

三百七十九、而依彼彼正加行而有彼彼事業的成就,[名為]於各各處以正加行為緣、依成就之義的神通。即如所說:「由出離,欲欲之舍斷義成就,故為於各各處以正加行為緣、依成就之義的神通……乃至……由阿羅漢道,一切煩惱之舍斷義成就,故為於各各處以正加行為緣、依成就之義的神通。」(《無礙解道》3.18)而此中,為顯示稱為行道的正加行,[這段]聖典與前面的聖典相似而來。然而在義注中,則如此傳來:依佈置車陣等的方式,任何技藝之業、任何醫術之業,學取三吠陀,學取三藏,甚至包括耕地、播種等,作了彼彼事業而產生的殊勝,就是於各各處以正加行為緣、依成就之義的神通。(10)

379. Tena tena pana sammāpayogena tassa tassa kammassa ijjhanaṃ tattha tattha sammāpayogapaccayā ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhi. Yathāha – ‘‘nekkhammena kāmacchandassa pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti tattha tattha sammāpayogapaccayā ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhi…pe… arahattamaggena sabbakilesānaṃ pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti tattha tattha sammāpayogapaccayā ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.18). Ettha ca paṭipattisaṅkhātasseva sammāpayogassa dīpanavasena purimapāḷisadisāva pāḷi āgatā. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana sakaṭabyūhādikaraṇavasena yaṃkiñci sippakammaṃ yaṃkiñci vejjakammaṃ tiṇṇaṃ bedānaṃ uggahaṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ uggahaṇaṃ antamaso kasanavapanādīni upādāya taṃ taṃ kammaṃ katvā nibbattaviseso tattha tattha sammāpayogapaccayā ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhīti āgatā. (10)
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如是,在這十種神通中,於「於種種神變(iddhividhāya)」這一語裡,所來的唯是決意神通。然而於此義中,變化神通與意所成神通也是必須[包括]的。

Iti imāsu dasasu iddhīsu iddhividhāyāti imasmiṃ pade adhiṭṭhānā iddhiyeva āgatā. Imasmiṃ panatthe vikubbanāmanomayāiddhiyopi icchitabbā eva.
380緬 2.13已對照

三百八十、「於種種神變(iddhividhāya)」者:即於神通之部分,或神通之類別。「引導心、使心轉向(cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti)」者:那比丘依所說的方式,當那心已成為神通之基礎時,為證得神變而引導遍作心,使之離開遍的所緣,送向神變的方向。「使心轉向(abhininnāmeti)」者:使[心]傾向所應證得的神通、朝向神通。「他(so)」者:即如是已作了引導心的那比丘。「多種(anekavihitaṃ)」者:即非一類的、種種類別的。「神變(iddhividhaṃ)」者:即神通之部分。「體驗(paccanubhoti)」者:即體驗、觸、作證、達到——此是其義。如今,[世尊]為顯示它的多種之性,說了「一身」等語。此中,「一身(ekopi hutvā)」者:即在作神通之前,本來是一身。「能變成多身(bahudhā hoti)」者:即想在許多[化身]之旁經行,或想作誦習,或想提問,便成為百[身]、千[身]。那麼,他如何這樣成為呢?是圓滿了神通的四地、四足、八步與十六根本之後,以智決意時。

380. Iddhividhāyāti iddhikoṭṭhāsāya, iddhivikappāya vā. Cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmetīti so bhikkhu vuttappakāravasena tasmiṃ citte abhiññāpādake jāte iddhividhādhigamatthāya parikammacittaṃ abhinīharati kasiṇārammaṇato apanetvā iddhividhābhimukhaṃ peseti. Abhininnāmetīti adhigantabbaiddhipoṇaṃ iddhipabbhāraṃ karoti. Soti so evaṃ katacittābhinīhāro bhikkhu. Anekavihitanti anekavidhaṃ nānappakārakaṃ. Iddhividhanti iddhikoṭṭhāsaṃ. Paccanubhotīti paccanubhavati, phusati sacchikaroti pāpuṇātīti attho. Idānissa anekavihitabhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘ekopi hutvā’’tiādimāha. Tattha ekopi hutvāti iddhikaraṇato pubbe pakatiyā ekopi hutvā. Bahudhā hotīti bahūnaṃ santike caṅkamitukāmo vā sajjhāyaṃ vā kattukāmo pañhaṃ vā pucchitukāmo hutvā satampi sahassampi hoti. Kathaṃ panāyamevaṃ hoti? Iddhiyā catasso bhūmiyo cattāro pādā aṭṭha padāni soḷasa ca mūlāni sampādetvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhahanto.
381已對照

三百八十一、此中,「四地(catasso bhūmiyo)」者:應知是四禪。因為這已由法將說過:「神通的四地是什麼?由遠離所生地是初禪,喜樂地是第二禪,舍樂地是第三禪,不苦不樂地是第四禪。神通的這四地,導向神通的獲得、神通的再獲得、神通的變化、神通的生髮、神通的自在、神通的無畏。」(《無礙解道》3.9)而此中,因為[修行者]由喜遍滿與樂遍滿,進入樂想與輕想,以輕快、柔軟、適於作業之身而達到神通,所以前三禪依這理趣導向神通的獲得,應知為資糧地。而第四禪則是獲得神通的本地。

381. Tattha catasso bhūmiyoti cattāri jhānāni veditabbāni. Vuttañhetaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ‘‘iddhiyā katamā catasso bhūmiyo? Vivekajabhūmi paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ, pītisukhabhūmi dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ, upekkhāsukhabhūmi tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ, adukkhamasukhabhūmi catutthaṃ jhānaṃ. Iddhiyā imā catasso bhūmiyo iddhilābhāya iddhipaṭilābhāya iddhivikubbanatāya iddhivisavitāya iddhivasitāya iddhivesārajjāya saṃvattantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.9). Ettha ca purimāni tīṇi jhānāni yasmā pītipharaṇena ca sukhapharaṇena ca sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā lahumudukammaññakāyo iddhiṃ pāpuṇāti, tasmā iminā pariyāyena iddhilābhāya saṃvattanato sambhārabhūmiyoti veditabbāni. Catutthajjhānaṃ pana iddhilābhāya pakatibhūmiyeva.
382緬 2.14已對照

三百八十二、「四足(cattāro pādā)」者:應知是四神足。因為這已被說過:「神通的四足是什麼?在此,比丘修習具足欲定勤行的神足;精進……心……修習具足審察定勤行的神足。神通的這四足,導向神通的獲得……乃至……神通的無畏。」(《無礙解道》3.9)而此中,以欲為因、或以欲為增上的定,即「欲定」——這是以欲作之慾為增上而得的定的增語。成為勤的諸行,即「勤行」——這是成辦四種作用的正勤精進的增語。「具足(samannāgataṃ)」者:即具備欲定與諸勤行。「神足(iddhipādaṃ)」者:或依成辦的方式,即依成就之義;或依此方式——「眾生由此而成就,成為興盛、增長、達於殊勝者」——凡由此得名為「神」的、與神通心相應的欲定與諸勤行,[對它們]以依處之義而成為「足」的其餘心、心所之聚,此是其義。因為這已被說過:「神足者,是如此[成就]者的受蘊……乃至……識蘊。」(《分別論》434)

382. Cattāro pādāti cattāro iddhipādā veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘iddhiyā katame cattāro pādā? Idha bhikkhu chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Vīriya… citta… vīmaṃsāsamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Iddhiyā ime cattāro pādā iddhilābhāya…pe… iddhivesārajjāya saṃvattantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.9). Ettha ca chandahetuko chandādhiko vā samādhi chandasamādhi. Kattukamyatāchandaṃ adhipatiṃ karitvā paṭiladdhasamādhissetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Padhānabhūtā saṅkhārā padhānasaṅkhārā. Catukiccasādhakassa sammappadhānavīriyassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Samannāgatanti chandasamādhinā ca padhānasaṅkhārehi ca upetaṃ. Iddhipādanti nipphattipariyāyena vā ijjhanaṭṭhena, ijjhanti etāya sattā iddhā vuddhā ukkaṃsagatā hontīti iminā vā pariyāyena iddhīti saṅkhaṃ gatānaṃ abhiññācittasampayuttānaṃ chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena pādabhūtaṃ sesacittacetasikarāsinti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘iddhipādoti tathābhūtassa vedanākkhandho…pe… viññāṇakkhandho’’ti (vibha. 434).
已對照

或者,以它而被到達,故為「足」;是被達到之義。神之足,[即]「神足」。這是欲等的增語。即如所說:「諸比丘,若比丘依止欲而得定,得心一境性——這稱為欲定。他為令未生的惡……乃至……精勤——這些稱為『勤行』。如是,這欲、這欲定、這些勤行——諸比丘,這稱為『具足欲定勤行的神足』。」(《相應部》5.825)其餘諸神足之義也應如是知。

Atha vā pajjate anenāti pādo. Pāpuṇīyatīti attho. Iddhiyā pādo iddhipādo. Chandādīnametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘chandañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nissāya labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassekaggataṃ, ayaṃ vuccati chandasamādhi. So anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ…pe… padahati, ime vuccanti padhānasaṅkhārā. Iti ayañca chando ayañca chandasamādhi ime ca padhānasaṅkhārā, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.825). Evaṃ sesiddhipādesupi attho veditabbo.
383已對照

三百八十三、「八步(aṭṭha padāni)」者:應知是欲等八[法]。因為這已被說過:「神通的八步是什麼?比丘若依止欲而得定,得心一境性。欲不是定,定不是欲;欲是一,定是另一。比丘若依止精進……比丘若依止心……比丘若依止審察而得定,得心一境性。審察不是定,定不是審察;審察是一,定是另一。神通的這八步,導向神通的獲得……乃至……神通的無畏。」(《無礙解道》3.9)因為此中,欲生起神通之慾,唯有與定結合在一起,才導向神通的獲得;精進等也是如此。所以應知說了這八步。

383. Aṭṭha padānīti chandādīni aṭṭha veditabbāni. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘iddhiyā katamāni aṭṭha padāni? Chandañce bhikkhu nissāya labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassekaggataṃ. Chando na samādhi, samādhi na chando. Añño chando, añño samādhi. Vīriyañce bhikkhu… cittañce bhikkhu… vīmaṃsañce bhikkhu nissāya labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassekaggataṃ. Vīmaṃsā na samādhi, samādhi na vīmaṃsā. Aññā vīmaṃsā, añño samādhi. Iddhiyā imāni aṭṭha padāni iddhilābhāya…pe… iddhivesārajjāya saṃvattantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.9). Ettha hi iddhimuppādetukāmatāchando samādhinā ekato niyuttova iddhilābhāya saṃvattati; tathā vīriyādayo. Tasmā imāni aṭṭha padāni vuttānīti veditabbāni.
384緬 2.15已對照

三百八十四、「十六根(soḷasa mūlāni)」者:應知心依十六種行相而不動(āneñjatā)。因為這已被說過:「神通(iddhi)有幾根?有十六根:不低下(anonata)的心不為懈怠所動搖,故為不動(āneñja);不高舉(anunnata)的心不為掉舉所動搖,故為不動;不傾向(anabhinata)的心不為貪所動搖,故為不動;不背向(anapanata)的心不為瞋恚所動搖,故為不動;不依止(anissita)的心不為見所動搖,故為不動;不繫縛(appaṭibaddha)的心不為欲貪(chandarāga)所動搖,故為不動;脫離(vippamutta)的心不為欲貪(kāmarāga)所動搖,故為不動;離系(visaṃyutta)的心不為煩惱所動搖,故為不動;無界限(vimariyādikata)的心不為煩惱的界限所動搖,故為不動;趨於一性(ekattagata)的心不為種種性的煩惱所動搖,故為不動;為信所攝持的心不為不信所動搖,故為不動;為精進所攝持的心不為懈怠所動搖,故為不動;為念所攝持的心不為放逸所動搖,故為不動;為定所攝持的心不為掉舉所動搖,故為不動;為慧所攝持的心不為無明所動搖,故為不動;已成光明(obhāsagata)的心不為無明之暗所動搖,故為不動。神通的這十六根,導向神通的獲得……乃至……神通的無所畏(vesārajja)。」(《無礙解道》3.9)

384. Soḷasa mūlānīti soḷasahi ākārehi āneñjatā cittassa veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘iddhiyā kati mūlāni? Soḷasa mūlāni – anonataṃ cittaṃ kosajje na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, anunnataṃ cittaṃ uddhacce na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, anabhinataṃ cittaṃ rāge na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, anapanataṃ cittaṃ byāpāde na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, anissitaṃ cittaṃ diṭṭhiyā na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, appaṭibaddhaṃ cittaṃ chandarāge na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, vippamuttaṃ cittaṃ kāmarāge na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, visaṃyuttaṃ cittaṃ kilese na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, vimariyādikataṃ cittaṃ kilesamariyāde na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, ekattagataṃ cittaṃ nānattakilese na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, saddhāya pariggahitaṃ cittaṃ assaddhiye na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, vīriyena pariggahitaṃ cittaṃ kosajje na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, satiyā pariggahitaṃ cittaṃ pamāde na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, samādhinā pariggahitaṃ cittaṃ uddhacce na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, paññāya pariggahitaṃ cittaṃ avijjāya na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, obhāsagataṃ cittaṃ avijjandhakāre na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ. Iddhiyā imāni soḷasa mūlāni iddhilābhāya…pe… iddhivesārajjāya saṃvattantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.9).
已對照

這層義雖然以「當[他的]心如此得定(evaṃ samāhite citte)」等語也已經成立,但為了顯示初禪等是神通的地、足、步、根之性,才再次說[它]。前者是諸經中所出的方法,這是《無礙解道》中的[方法]。如是,也是為了於兩處都不迷惑而再次說的。

Kāmañca esa attho evaṃ samāhite cittetiādināpi siddhoyeva, paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ pana iddhiyā bhūmipādapadamūlabhāvadassanatthaṃ puna vutto. Purimo ca suttesu āgatanayo. Ayaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ. Iti ubhayattha asammohatthampi puna vutto.
385已對照

三百八十五、「以智決意(ñāṇena adhiṭṭhahanto)」者:他成就了這些作為神通之地、足、步的諸法之後,入於作為神通之基礎的禪那(abhiññāpādakajjhāna),出起之後,若想要[成為]一百,便作「我要成為一百,我要成為一百」的遍作(parikamma),再入於作為神通之基礎的禪那,出起之後決意;與決意心一起,便成為一百。一千等也是這個方法。若這樣不成就,應再作遍作,第二次也入[定],出起之後決意。因為在《相應部義注》中說:「入[定]一次、兩次都是可以的。」此中,基礎禪(pādakajjhāna)之心以相為所緣。遍作心以一百為所緣,或以一千為所緣;而那是依容色,不是依施設(paṇṇatti)。決意心也同樣以一百為所緣,或以一千為所緣。它猶如前面所說的安止心,緊接種姓之後只生起一個,屬色界第四禪。

385. Ñāṇena adhiṭṭhahantoti svāyamete iddhiyā bhūmipādapadabhūte dhamme sampādetvā abhiññāpādakaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya sace sataṃ icchati ‘‘sataṃ homi sataṃ homī’’ti parikammaṃ katvā puna abhiññāpādakaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya adhiṭṭhāti, adhiṭṭhānacittena saheva sataṃ hoti. Sahassādīsupi eseva nayo. Sace evaṃ na ijjhati puna parikammaṃ katvā dutiyampi samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Saṃyuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ hi ekavāraṃ dvevāraṃ samāpajjituṃ vaṭṭatīti vuttaṃ. Tattha pādakajjhānacittaṃ nimittārammaṇaṃ. Parikammacittāni satārammaṇāni vā sahassārammaṇāni vā, tāni ca kho vaṇṇavasena, no paṇṇattivasena. Adhiṭṭhānacittampi tatheva satārammaṇaṃ vā sahassārammaṇaṃ vā. Taṃ pubbe vuttaṃ appanācittamiva gotrabhuanantaraṃ ekameva uppajjati rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānikaṃ.
386緬 2.16已對照

三百八十六、而在《無礙解道》中所說的「本來是一[身],轉向多[身]——或一百,或一千,或十萬;轉向之後,以智決意『我要成為多[身]』,便成為多[身],猶如具壽周利槃特(Cūḷapanthaka)」(《無礙解道》3.10),在那裡,「轉向」也是就遍作而說的;「轉向之後,以智決意」是就神通智(abhiññāñāṇa)而說的。所以,此中的義應這樣見:他轉向多[身],然後在那些遍作心的終了時入[定],從等至出起之後,再轉向「我要成為多[身]」;此後轉起了三個或四個前分心,他便以緊接於其後生起的、依作成決定而得「決意」之名的唯一一個神通智而決意。

而所說的「猶如具壽周利槃特」,那是為了顯示多身之性的身證者(kāyasakkhi)而說的。而那應以故事來闡明。相傳那兩兄弟因生在路上(panthe)而得名「槃特(panthaka)」。他們之中的兄長是大槃特(Mahāpanthaka),他出家後連同諸無礙解證得了阿羅漢[果]。成為阿羅漢之後,他令周利槃特出家,——

「猶如芬芳的蓮花——紅蓮(kokanada),清晨時會開放,香氣未散;

請看光輝照耀的鴦耆羅娑(aṅgīrasa),猶如空中熾熱的太陽。」(《增支部》5.195)——

授給了[他]這首偈。他四個月都不能使它純熟。於是長老[說]「你在教法中是無能者」,把他趕出了寺。那時長老是分配飯食者(bhattuddesaka)。耆婆(Jīvaka)來到長老那裡,說:「尊者,明天請帶著五百位比丘,與世尊一起在我們家受食。」長老也[說]「除了周利槃特,我為其餘的[比丘]接受」,便接受了。

周利槃特站在門屋裡哭泣。世尊以天眼見了他,走到他那裡,說:「你為什麼哭?」他講述了那經過。世尊[說]:「不能誦習的人,在我的教法中並不就名為無能者。比丘,不要憂愁。」便抓住他的手臂,進入寺中,以神通化作一塊布片給了[他],[說]:「來,比丘,你一邊撫拭這[布片],一邊反覆誦習『除塵、除塵』。」他這樣做時,那[布片]變成了黑色。他得到了這樣的想:「布是遍淨的,這裡沒有過失;這過失是屬於自體的。」便把智降入五蘊,增長觀,使[觀]經隨順而到達種姓的近旁。於是世尊對他說了放光偈(obhāsagāthā)——

「貪是塵,而塵土不稱為[塵],

「塵」是貪的增語;

諸智者舍斷了這塵,

他們住於離塵者的教法中。」

「瞋……乃至……」

「痴是塵,而塵土不稱為[塵],

「塵」是痴的增語;

諸智者舍斷了這塵,

他們住於離塵者的教法中。」(《大義釋》209)

在偈終了時,以四無礙解、六神通為隨從的九出世間法,猶如都已到了他的手中。

導師第二天與比丘僧團一起前往耆婆家。於是在奉施之水[注]畢、正要供粥時,[導師]用手蓋住了缽。耆婆問:「尊者,怎麼了?」「寺裡還有一位比丘。」他派了一個人去:「去吧,把聖者帶來,快來。」而當世尊從寺出發之後,——

「槃特把自己化作千重,

坐在可愛的芒果林中,直到報時[來到]。」(《長老偈》563)

於是那人去了,見到園中因袈裟而成一片光亮,回來說:「尊者,園中滿是比丘,我不知道那位聖者是哪一位。」於是世尊對他說:「去吧,你最先看見的那一位,抓住他的衣角,說『導師召喚你』,把他帶來。」他去了,抓住的正是長老本人的衣角。當下所有化作的[比丘]都消失了。長老[說]「你去吧」,把他打發走,做完洗臉等照料身體之事,比[他]先到,坐在[為他]備好的座位上。就此而說「猶如具壽周利槃特」。

此中,那許多化作的[比丘],由於是未加限定而化作的,便與有神通者相同:在站、坐等中,或在說話、沉默等中,有神通者做什麼,他們就做那個。但若想作出種種形貌——有些在初年,有些在中年,有些在後年;同樣,長髮的、半剃的、全剃的、雜發的、半染衣的、黃褐衣的,作誦句、說法、吟誦、問難、答難、染[衣]、煮[染汁]、縫衣、洗[衣]等的;或者想作出其他種種差別——他就應從基礎禪出起,以「這麼多比丘要處於初年」等方式作遍作,再入定,出起後決意。與決意心一起,[他們]就正成為所欲的那種樣子。在「多身能合成一身」等[語]中,也是這個方法。

但這是差別:這比丘如是化作多身之後,或者又想「我要獨自一人去經行、誦習、問問題」,或者由於少欲[而想]:「這寺比丘少,若有人來,[會想]『這麼多一模一樣的比丘是從哪裡來的?這必定是長老的威力』,便會知道我」,[因而]在[所限定的時間]之內希望「我要成為一身」時,就應入於基礎禪,出起之後,作「我要成為一身」的遍作,再入[定],出起之後決意「我要成為一身」。與決意心一起,他就成為一身。而不這樣做的,則依所限定的時間,自然成為一身。

386. Yampi paṭisambhidāyaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘pakatiyā eko bahukaṃ āvajjati sataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā satasahassaṃ vā, āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti ‘bahuko homī’ti, bahuko hoti, yathā āyasmā cūḷapanthako’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.10). Tatrāpi āvajjatīti parikammavaseneva vuttaṃ. Āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhātīti abhiññāñāṇavasena vuttaṃ. Tasmā bahukaṃ āvajjati, tato tesampi parikammacittānaṃ avasāne samāpajjati, samāpattito vuṭṭhahitvā puna bahuko homīti āvajjitvā tato paraṃ pavattānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ catunnaṃ vā pubbabhāgacittānaṃ anantarā uppannena sanniṭṭhāpanavasena adhiṭṭhānanti laddhanāmena ekeneva abhiññāñāṇena adhiṭṭhātīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.
Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘yathā āyasmā cūḷapanthako’’ti, taṃ bahudhābhāvassa kāyasakkhidassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Taṃ pana vatthunā dīpetabbaṃ. Te kira dvebhātaro panthe jātattā panthakāti nāmaṃ labhiṃsu. Tesaṃ jeṭṭho mahāpanthako, so pabbajitvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Arahā hutvā cūḷapanthakaṃ pabbājetvā –
Padumaṃ yathā kokanadaṃ sugandhaṃ, pāto siyā phullamavītagandhaṃ;
Aṅgīrasaṃ passa virocamānaṃ, tapantamādiccamivantalikkheti. (a. ni. 5.195) –
Imaṃ gāthaṃ adāsi. So taṃ catūhi māsehi paguṇaṃ kātuṃ nāsakkhi. Atha naṃ thero abhabbo tvaṃ sāsaneti vihārato nīhari. Tasmiñca kāle thero bhattuddesako hoti. Jīvako theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘sve, bhante, bhagavatā saddhiṃ pañcabhikkhusatāni gahetvā amhākaṃ gehe bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti āha. Theropi ṭhapetvā cūḷapanthakaṃ sesānaṃ adhivāsemīti adhivāsesi.
Cūḷapanthako dvārakoṭṭhake ṭhatvā rodati. Bhagavā dibbacakkhunā disvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā kasmā rodasīti āha. So taṃ pavattimācikkhi. Bhagavā na sajjhāyaṃ kātuṃ asakkonto mama sāsane abhabbo nāma hoti, mā soci bhikkhūti taṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā iddhiyā pilotikakhaṇḍaṃ abhinimminitvā adāsi, handa bhikkhu imaṃ parimajjanto rajoharaṇaṃ rajoharaṇanti punappunaṃ sajjhāyaṃ karohīti. Tassa tathā karoto taṃ kāḷavaṇṇaṃ ahosi. So parisuddhaṃ vatthaṃ, natthettha doso, attabhāvassa panāyaṃ dosoti saññaṃ paṭilabhitvā pañcasu khandhesu ñāṇaṃ otāretvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā anulomato gotrabhusamīpaṃ pāpesi. Athassa bhagavā obhāsagāthā abhāsi –
‘‘Rāgo rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati,
Rāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ rajoti;
Etaṃ rajaṃ vippajahitvā paṇḍitā,
Viharanti te vigatarajassa sāsane.
‘‘Doso …pe….
‘‘Moho rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati,
Mohassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ rajoti;
Etaṃ rajaṃ vippajahitvā paṇḍitā,
Viharanti te vigatarajassa sāsane’’ti. (mahāni. 209);
Tassa gāthāpariyosāne catupaṭisambhidāchaḷabhiññāparivārā nava lokuttaradhammā hatthagatāva ahesuṃ.
Satthā dutiyadivase jīvakassa gehaṃ agamāsi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Atha dakkhiṇodakāvasāne yāguyā diyyamānāya hatthena pattaṃ pidahi. Jīvako kiṃ bhanteti pucchi. Vihāre eko bhikkhu atthīti. So purisaṃ pesesi ‘‘gaccha, ayyaṃ gahetvā sīghaṃ ehī’’ti. Vihārato nikkhante pana bhagavati,
Sahassakkhattumattānaṃ, nimminitvāna panthako;
Nisīdambavane ramme, yāva kālappavedanāti. (theragā. 563);
Atha so puriso gantvā kāsāvehi ekapajjotaṃ ārāmaṃ disvā āgantvā bhikkhūhi bharito bhante ārāmo, nāhaṃ jānāmi katamo so ayyoti āha. Tato naṃ bhagavā āha ‘‘gaccha yaṃ paṭhamaṃ passasi, taṃ cīvarakaṇṇe gahetvā ‘satthā taṃ āmantetī’ti vatvā ānehī’’ti. So taṃ gantvā therasseva cīvarakaṇṇe aggahesi. Tāvadeva sabbepi nimmitā antaradhāyiṃsu. Thero ‘‘gaccha tva’’nti taṃ uyyojetvā mukhadhovanādisarīrakiccaṃ niṭṭhapetvā paṭhamataraṃ gantvā pattāsane nisīdi. Idaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘yathā āyasmā cūḷapanthako’’ti.
Tatra ye te bahū nimmitā te aniyametvā nimmitattā iddhimatā sadisāva honti. Ṭhānanisajjādīsu vā bhāsitatuṇhībhāvādīsu vā yaṃ yaṃ iddhimā karoti, taṃ tadeva karonti. Sace pana nānāvaṇṇe kātukāmo hoti, keci paṭhamavaye, keci majjhimavaye, keci pacchimavaye, tathā dīghakese, upaḍḍhamuṇḍe, muṇḍe, missakese, upaḍḍharattacīvare, paṇḍukacīvare, padabhāṇadhammakathāsarabhaññapañhapucchanapañhavissajjanarajanapacanacīvarasibbanadhovanādīni karonte aparepi vā nānappakārake kātukāmo hoti, tena pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ettakā bhikkhū paṭhamavayā hontūtiādinā nayena parikammaṃ katvā puna samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Adhiṭṭhānacittena saddhiṃ icchiticchitappakārāyeva hontīti. Esa nayo bahudhāpi hutvā eko hotītiādīsu.
Ayaṃ pana viseso, iminā bhikkhunā evaṃ bahubhāvaṃ nimminitvā puna ‘‘ekova hutvā caṅkamissāmi, sajjhāyaṃ karissāmi, pañhaṃ pucchissāmī’’ti cintetvā vā, ‘‘ayaṃ vihāro appabhikkhuko, sace keci āgamissanti ‘kuto ime ettakā ekasadisā bhikkhū, addhā therassa esa ānubhāvo’ti maṃ jānissantī’’ti appicchatāya vā antarāva ‘‘eko homī’’ti icchantena pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘eko homī’’ti parikammaṃ katvā puna samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘eko homī’’ti adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Adhiṭṭhānacittena saddhiṃyeva eko hoti. Evaṃ akaronto pana yathā paricchinnakālavasena sayameva eko hoti.
387已對照

三百八十七、「或顯現,或隱沒(āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ)」此中:「作顯現、作隱沒」——此是其義。因為正是就此而在《無礙解道》中說:「『顯現』,即不被任何[東西]遮蔽、不被覆蓋、敞開、明顯。『隱沒』,即被某[東西]遮蔽、被覆蓋、被掩蓋、被罩住。」(《無礙解道》3.11)此中,這有神通者想作顯現時,把黑暗作成光明,或把被覆蓋的作成敞開的,或把不在視域的作成在視域的。怎樣[作]呢?因為他想使自己或他人即使被覆蓋、或即使站在遠處也能被看見,便從基礎禪出起,轉向「讓這黑暗之處成為光明」,或「讓這被覆蓋的成為敞開的」,或「讓這不在視域的成為在視域的」,作了遍作之後,依所說的方式決意。與決意心一起,便正如所決意的那樣成就。別人即使站在遠處也看得見。他自己想看也看得見。

387. Āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvanti ettha āvibhāvaṃ karoti tirobhāvaṃ karotīti ayamattho. Idameva hi sandhāya paṭisambhidāyaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘āvibhāvanti kenaci anāvaṭaṃ hoti appaṭicchannaṃ vivaṭaṃ pākaṭaṃ. Tirobhāvanti kenaci āvaṭaṃ hoti paṭicchannaṃ pihitaṃ paṭikujjita’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.11). Tatrāyaṃ iddhimā āvibhāvaṃ kātukāmo andhakāraṃ vā ālokaṃ karoti, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivaṭaṃ, anāpāthaṃ vā āpāthaṃ karoti. Kathaṃ? Ayañhi yathā paṭicchannopi dūre ṭhitopi vā dissati, evaṃ attānaṃ vā paraṃ vā kātukāmo pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya idaṃ andhakāraṭṭhānaṃ ālokajātaṃ hotūti vā, idaṃ paṭicchannaṃ vivaṭaṃ hotūti vā, idaṃ anāpāthaṃ āpāthaṃ hotūti vā āvajjitvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhāti, saha adhiṭṭhānacittena yathādhiṭṭhitameva hoti. Pare dūre ṭhitāpi passanti. Sayampi passitukāmo passati.
388緬 2.19已對照

三百八十八、這示導(pāṭihāriya)以前有誰作過呢?世尊。因為世尊受小須跋陀(Cūḷasubhaddā)邀請,以毗首羯磨(Vissakamma)所化造的五百座尖頂屋,從舍衛城前往[相距]七由旬之內的娑雞多(Sāketa)時,決意使娑雞多城的居民看見舍衛城的居民、舍衛城的居民看見娑雞多城的居民。又降落在城中央,把大地分裂為二,顯示直到無間[地獄];把虛空分開為二,顯示直到梵天界。

388. Etaṃ pana pāṭihāriyaṃ kena katapubbanti? Bhagavatā. Bhagavā hi cūḷasubhaddāya nimantito vissakammunā nimmitehi pañcahi kūṭāgārasatehi sāvatthito sattayojanabbhantaraṃ sāketaṃ gacchanto yathā sāketanagaravāsino sāvatthivāsike, sāvatthivāsino ca sāketavāsike passanti, evaṃ adhiṭṭhāsi. Nagaramajjhe ca otaritvā pathaviṃ dvidhā bhinditvā yāva avīciṃ ākāsañca dvidhā viyūhitvā yāva brahmalokaṃ dassesi.
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又應以[世尊]從天下降[之事]來闡明此義。相傳世尊作了雙神變(yamakapāṭihāriya),使八萬四千生類從繫縛中解脫之後,轉向「過去諸佛在雙神變終了時去了哪裡」,見到「去了三十三天宮」。於是以一足踏上地面,把第二[足]安放在持雙山(Yugandhara)上,又提起前一足,踏上須彌山(Sineru)頂,在那裡的黃褐毛毯石(paṇḍukambalasilā)面上入雨安居,從開頭起為集會的一萬輪圍界的天神開始講阿毗達摩論。到了行乞之時,[世尊]化作化佛。那[化佛]說法。世尊嚼了那伽藤齒木,在阿耨達池(Anotatta)洗了臉,在北俱盧洲(Uttarakuru)取得團食,在阿耨達池岸邊受用。舍利弗(Sāriputta)長老到那裡禮敬世尊。世尊[說]「今天我說了這麼多法」,給長老方法。如是三個月不間斷地講阿毗達摩論。聽了那[論],八十俱胝天神有了法現觀。

Devorohaṇenapi ca ayamattho vibhāvetabbo. Bhagavā kira yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā caturāsītipāṇasahassāni bandhanā pamocetvā atītā buddhā yamakapāṭihāriyāvasāne kuhiṃ gatāti āvajjitvā tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ gatāti addasa. Athekena pādena pathavītalaṃ akkamitvā dutiyaṃ yugandharapabbate patiṭṭhapetvā puna purimapādaṃ uddharitvā sinerumatthakaṃ akkamitvā tattha paṇḍukambalasilātale vassaṃ upagantvā sannipatitānaṃ dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatānaṃ ādito paṭṭhāya abhidhammakathaṃ ārabhi. Bhikkhācāravelāya nimmitabuddhaṃ māpesi. So dhammaṃ deseti. Bhagavā nāgalatādantakaṭṭhaṃ khāditvā anotattadahe mukhaṃ dhovitvā uttarakurūsu piṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā anotattadahatīre paribhuñjati. Sāriputtatthero tattha gantvā bhagavantaṃ vandati. Bhagavā ajja ettakaṃ dhammaṃ desesinti therassa nayaṃ deti. Evaṃ tayo māse abbocchinnaṃ abhidhammakathaṃ kathesi. Taṃ sutvā asītikoṭidevatānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
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在雙神變時集會的十二由旬的會眾,也[想著]「見了世尊才走」,便結營而住。小給孤獨長者(Cūḷaanāthapiṇḍika)獨自以一切資具供養他們。人們為了知道「世尊在哪裡」,請求阿那律(Anuruddha)長老。長老擴展光明,以天眼看見了;見到世尊在那裡入了雨安居,便告知[他們]。

Yamakapāṭihāriye sannipatitāpi dvādasayojanā parisā bhagavantaṃ passitvāva gamissāmāti khandhāvāraṃ bandhitvā aṭṭhāsi. Taṃ cūḷaanāthapiṇḍikaseṭṭhiyeva sabbapaccayehi upaṭṭhāsi. Manussā kuhiṃ bhagavāti jānanatthāya anuruddhattheraṃ yāciṃsu. Thero ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā addasa dibbena cakkhunā tattha vassūpagataṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā ārocesi.
緬 2.20已對照

他們為了禮敬世尊,請求大目犍連(Mahāmoggallāna)長老。長老就在會眾當中沒入大地,穿透須彌山,在如來足下一邊禮敬世尊雙足一邊湧出,對世尊這樣說:「尊者,閻浮提(Jambudīpa)的居民說:『我們要禮敬世尊雙足、見了[世尊]才走。』」世尊說:「目犍連,你的兄長法將現在在哪裡?」「尊者,在僧伽舍城(Saṅkassanagara)。」「目犍連,想見我的人,明天到僧伽舍城來吧;我明天在大自恣的月圓布薩日要降到僧伽舍城。」長老[說]「好的,尊者」,禮敬十力者,循來路下降,到達人們那裡。並且在往返之時,他決意使人們看見他。這裡,這暫且是大目犍連長老所作的顯現示導(āvibhāvapāṭihāriya)。

Te bhagavato vandanatthāya mahāmoggallānattheraṃ yāciṃsu. Thero parisamajjheyeva mahāpathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā sinerupabbataṃ nibbijjhitvā tathāgatapādamūle bhagavato pāde vandamānova ummujjitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘jambudīpavāsino, bhante, bhagavato pāde vanditvā passitvāva gamissāmāti vadantī’’ti. Bhagavā āha ‘‘kuhiṃ pana te, moggallāna, etarahi jeṭṭhabhātā dhammasenāpatī’’ti? ‘‘Saṅkassanagare bhante’’ti. ‘‘Moggallāna, maṃ daṭṭhukāmā sve saṅkassanagaraṃ āgacchantu, ahaṃ sve mahāpavāraṇapuṇṇamāsīuposathadivase saṅkassanagare otarissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti thero dasabalaṃ vanditvā āgatamaggeneva oruyha manussānaṃ santikaṃ sampāpuṇi. Gamanāgamanakāle ca yathā naṃ manussā passanti, evaṃ adhiṭṭhāsi. Idaṃ tāvettha mahāmoggallānatthero āvibhāvapāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi.
已對照

他如是回來,報告了那經過,說:「不要作『[路途]遙遠』之想,吃了早飯就出發吧。」世尊告訴天王帝釋(Sakka devarājā):「大王,我明天要去人間。」天王命令毗首羯磨:「孩子,明天世尊想去人間,你化造三道階梯——一道金所成的,一道銀所成的,一道摩尼所成的。」他就那樣做了。世尊第二天站在須彌山頂,眺望東方世界,許多千個輪圍都敞開,顯現得猶如一片空曠。正如東方,西方、北方、南方也一樣,他見到一切都敞開。向下直到無間[地獄],向上直到色究竟天宮,他都見到了。

So evaṃ āgato taṃ pavattiṃ ārocetvā ‘‘dūranti saññaṃ akatvā katapātarāsāva nikkhamathā’’ti āha. Bhagavā sakkassa devarañño ārocesi ‘‘mahārāja, sve manussalokaṃ gacchāmī’’ti. Devarājā vissakammaṃ āṇāpesi ‘‘tāta, sve bhagavā manussalokaṃ gantukāmo, tisso sopānapantiyo māpehi ekaṃ kanakamayaṃ, ekaṃ rajatamayaṃ, ekaṃ maṇimaya’’nti. So tathā akāsi. Bhagavā dutiyadivase sinerumuddhani ṭhatvā puratthimalokadhātuṃ olokesi, anekāni cakkavāḷasahassāni vivaṭāni hutvā ekaṅgaṇaṃ viya pakāsiṃsu. Yathā ca puratthimena, evaṃ pacchimenapi uttarenapi dakkhiṇenapi sabbaṃ vivaṭamaddasa. Heṭṭhāpi yāva avīci, upari yāva akaniṭṭhabhavanaṃ, tāva addasa.
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相傳那一天名為「世間開顯(lokavivaraṇa)」。人們看見諸天,諸天也看見人們。那時,人們不向上仰望,諸天也不向下俯視,大家都面對面地互相看見。世尊從中間的摩尼所成的階梯下降,六慾界天的諸天從左邊金所成的[階梯],淨居天眾與大梵天從右邊銀所成的[階梯]。天王持缽與衣,大梵天[持]三由旬的白傘,蘇耶摩(Suyāma)[持]尾拂,乾闥婆子五髻(Pañcasikha gandhabbaputta)拿著約三俱盧舍的貝盧瓦黃色琵琶(beḷuvapaṇḍuvīṇā),供養著如來而下降。那一天,見了世尊而不生起對成佛的願慕的眾生,一個也沒有。這裡,這是世尊所作的顯現示導。

Taṃ divasaṃ kira lokavivaraṇaṃ nāma ahosi. Manussāpi deve passanti, devāpi manusse. Tattha neva manussā uddhaṃ ullokenti, na devā adho olokenti, sabbe sammukhāva aññamaññaṃ passanti. Bhagavā majjhe maṇimayena sopānena otarati, chakāmāvacaradevā vāmapasse kanakamayena, suddhāvāsā ca mahābrahmā ca dakkhiṇapasse rajatamayena. Devarājā pattacīvaraṃ aggahesi, mahābrahmā tiyojanikaṃ setacchattaṃ, suyāmo vāḷabījaniṃ, pañcasikho gandhabbaputto tigāvutamattaṃ beḷuvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ gahetvā tathāgatassa pūjaṃ karonto otarati. Taṃdivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā buddhabhāvāya pihaṃ anuppādetvā ṭhitasatto nāma natthi. Idamettha bhagavā āvibhāvapāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi.
緬 2.21已對照

再者,在銅鍱洲(Tambapaṇṇidīpa),住陀楞伽羅的法施長老(Talaṅgaravāsī Dhammadinnatthera)也坐在帝須大寺(Tissamahāvihāra)的塔廟庭院中,講說「諸比丘,具足三種法的比丘,是行於無誤的行道者」的《無誤經》(《增支部》3.16)時,把扇子朝下,直到無間[地獄]都成了一片空曠。然後把[扇子]朝上,直到梵天界都成了一片空曠。長老以地獄的怖畏威嚇、以天界的安樂誘引而說法。有些人成為須陀洹,有些人成為斯陀含、阿那含、阿羅漢。

Apica tambapaṇṇidīpe talaṅgaravāsī dhammadinnattheropi tissamahāvihāre cetiyaṅgaṇasmiṃ nisīditvā ‘‘tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu apaṇṇakapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hotī’’ti apaṇṇakasuttaṃ (a. ni. 3.16) kathento heṭṭhāmukhaṃ bījaniṃ akāsi, yāva avīcito ekaṅgaṇaṃ ahosi. Tato uparimukhaṃ akāsi, yāva brahmalokā ekaṅgaṇaṃ ahosi. Thero nirayabhayena tajjetvā saggasukhena ca palobhetvā dhammaṃ desesi. Keci sotāpannā ahesuṃ, keci sakadāgāmī anāgāmī arahantoti.
389已對照

三百八十九、而想作隱沒的,把光明作成黑暗,或把未被覆蓋的作成被覆蓋的,或把在視域的作成不在視域的。怎樣[作]呢?因為他想使自己或他人即使未被覆蓋、或即使站在近處也不被看見,便從基礎禪出起,轉向「讓這光明之處成為黑暗」,或「讓這未被覆蓋的成為被覆蓋的」,或「讓這在視域的成為不在視域的」,作了遍作之後,依所說的方式決意。與決意心一起,便正如所決意的那樣成就。別人即使站在近處也看不見。他自己不想看,也就看不見。

389. Tirobhāvaṃ kātukāmo pana ālokaṃ vā andhakāraṃ karoti, appaṭicchannaṃ vā paṭicchannaṃ, āpāthaṃ vā anāpāthaṃ karoti. Kathaṃ? Ayañhi yathā appaṭicchannopi samīpe ṭhitopi vā na dissati, evaṃ attānaṃ vā paraṃ vā kātukāmo pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘idaṃ ālokaṭṭhānaṃ andhakāraṃ hotū’’ti vā, ‘‘idaṃ appaṭicchannaṃ paṭicchannaṃ hotū’’ti vā, ‘‘idaṃ āpāthaṃ anāpāthaṃ hotū’’ti vā āvajjitvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhāti. Saha adhiṭṭhānacittena yathādhiṭṭhitameva hoti. Pare samīpe ṭhitāpi na passanti. Sayampi apassitukāmo na passati.
390緬 2.22已對照

三百九十、這示導以前有誰作過呢?世尊。因為世尊使良家子耶舍(Yasa kulaputta)雖就坐在近旁,他的父親卻看不見他。同樣,[世尊]前往一百二十由旬迎接大劫賓那(Mahākappina),使他安住於阿那含果,使他的一千大臣安住於須陀洹果;又使隨後循路而來、以一千女子為隨從的阿那若王后(Anojā devī)來到之後,雖坐在近旁,也看不見國王及其隨眾;被問「尊者,您看見國王了嗎?」時,[世尊說]:「你尋找國王好呢,還是[尋找]自己好?」她說了「尊者,[尋找]自己[好]」而坐下,[世尊]便那樣為她說法,使她與一千女子一起安住於須陀洹果,大臣們[安住]於阿那含果,國王[安住]於阿羅漢[果]。再者,摩哂陀長老(Mahindatthera)在來到銅鍱洲之日,使國王看不見與自己同來的其餘[諸人],也作了這[示導](《波羅夷義注》1〈第三次結集論〉)。

390. Etaṃ pana pāṭihāriyaṃ kena katapubbanti? Bhagavatā. Bhagavā hi yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ samīpe nisinnaṃyeva yathā naṃ pitā na passati, evamakāsi. Tathā vīsayojanasataṃ mahākappinassa paccuggamanaṃ katvā taṃ anāgāmiphale, amaccasahassañcassa sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāpetvā, tassa anumaggaṃ āgatā sahassitthiparivārā anojādevī āgantvā samīpe nisinnāpi yathā saparisaṃ rājānaṃ na passati, tathā katvā ‘‘api, bhante, rājānaṃ passathā’’ti vutte ‘‘kiṃ pana te rājānaṃ gavesituṃ varaṃ, udāhu attāna’’nti? ‘‘Attānaṃ, bhante’’ti vatvā nisinnāya tassā tathā dhammaṃ desesi, yathā sā saddhiṃ itthisahassena sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi, amaccā anāgāmiphale, rājā arahatteti. Apica tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ āgatadivase yathā attanā saddhiṃ āgate avasese rājā na passati, evaṃ karontena mahindattherenāpi idaṃ katameva (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.tatiyasaṅgītikathā).
391緬 2.23已對照

三百九十一、再者,一切明顯的示導名為顯現;不明顯的示導名為隱沒。此中,在明顯的示導中,神通也可見,有神通者也[可見]。那應以雙神變來闡明。因為在那裡,如「此中,如來作不與諸弟子共的雙神變:從上半身出火聚,從下半身出水流」(《無礙解道》1.116),如是兩者都可見了。在不明顯的示導中,只有神通可見,有神通者不[可見]。那應以《摩訶迦神變經》(《相應部》4.346)與《梵天邀請經》(《中部》1.501 等)來闡明。因為在那裡,具壽摩訶迦(Mahaka)與世尊都只有神通可見,有神通者不[可見]。

即如所說——

「坐在一旁的質多居士(Citta gahapati)對具壽摩訶迦這樣說:『善哉,尊者,願聖者摩訶迦為我顯現屬於上人法的神變示導。』『那麼,居士,你在門廊上鋪開上衣,撒開一束草。』『是的,尊者。』質多居士應諾具壽摩訶迦之後,在門廊上鋪開上衣,撒開一束草。於是,具壽摩訶迦進入寺,作了這樣一種神通的造作(iddhābhisaṅkhāra),使得火焰從鑰匙孔與門閂縫中出來,燒了諸草,卻沒有燒上衣。」(《相應部》4.346)

又如所說——

「諸比丘,於是我作了這樣一種神通的造作——『就讓梵天、梵眾與諸梵眾天只聽得到我的聲音,而看不見我。』隱沒之後,我說了這首偈頌——

『我正是見了有中的怖畏,也[見了]求非有者[仍在]有中;

我不曾稱揚任何有,也不曾執取喜(nandi)。』」(《中部》1.504)

391. Apica sabbampi pākaṭaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ āvibhāvaṃ nāma. Apākaṭapāṭihāriyaṃ tirobhāvaṃ nāma. Tattha pākaṭapāṭihāriye iddhipi paññāyati iddhimāpi. Taṃ yamakapāṭihāriyena dīpetabbaṃ. Tatra hi ‘‘idha tathāgato yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ karoti asādhāraṇaṃ sāvakehi. Uparimakāyato aggikkhandho pavattati, heṭṭhimakāyato udakadhārā pavattatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.116) evaṃ ubhayaṃ paññāyittha. Apākaṭapāṭihāriye iddhiyeva paññāyati, na iddhimā. Taṃ mahakasuttena (saṃ. ni. 4.346) ca brahmanimantanikasuttena (ma. ni. 1.501 ādayo) ca dīpetabbaṃ. Tatra hi āyasmato ca mahakassa, bhagavato ca iddhiyeva paññāyittha, na iddhimā.
Yathāha –
‘‘Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho citto gahapati āyasmantaṃ mahakaṃ etadavoca ‘sādhu me, bhante, ayyo mahako uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassetū’ti. Tena hi tvaṃ gahapati āḷinde uttarāsaṅgaṃ paññāpetvā tiṇakalāpaṃ okāsehīti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho citto gahapati āyasmato mahakassa paṭissutvā āḷinde uttarāsaṅgaṃ paññāpetvā tiṇakalāpaṃ okāsesi. Atha kho āyasmā mahako vihāraṃ pavisitvā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi, yathā tālacchiggaḷena ca aggaḷantarikāya ca acci nikkhamitvā tiṇāni jhāpesi, uttarāsaṅgaṃ na jhāpesī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.346).
Yathā cāha –
‘‘Atha khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsiṃ ‘ettāvatā brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca saddañca me sossanti, na ca maṃ dakkhissantī’ti antarahito imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsiṃ –
‘Bhave vāhaṃ bhayaṃ disvā, bhavañca vibhavesinaṃ;
Bhavaṃ nābhivadiṃ kiñci, nandiñca na upādiyi’’’nti. (ma. ni. 1.504);
392已對照

三百九十二、「穿越牆壁、垣牆、山嶽,無所障礙,猶如在虛空中(tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāse)」此中:「穿越牆壁(tirokuṭṭaṃ)」即牆壁之外(parakuṭṭaṃ),是說牆壁的另一邊。其餘[二語]也是這個方法。而「牆壁(kuṭṭa)」是屋牆的增語。「垣牆(pākāra)」是房屋、寺、村等的圍垣。「山嶽(pabbata)」是土山或石山。「無所障礙(asajjamāna)」即不黏滯。「猶如在虛空中(seyyathāpi ākāse)」即如在虛空中一般。而想這樣去的人,應入於虛空遍(ākāsakasiṇa),出起之後,轉向牆壁、垣牆,或須彌山與輪圍山之中的任何一座山,作了遍作之後,[以]「要成為虛空」而決意。它就成為虛空。對想向下降或向上升的人,便成為空洞;對想穿透而去的人,便成為孔隙。他在那裡無所障礙而去。

392. Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāseti ettha tirokuṭṭanti parakuṭṭaṃ, kuṭṭassa parabhāganti vuttaṃ hoti. Esa nayo itaresu. Kuṭṭoti ca gehabhittiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Pākāroti gehavihāragāmādīnaṃ parikkhepapākāro. Pabbatoti paṃsupabbato vā pāsāṇapabbato vā. Asajjamānoti alaggamāno. Seyyathāpi ākāseti ākāse viya. Evaṃ gantukāmena pana ākāsakasiṇaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya kuṭṭaṃ vā pākāraṃ vā sinerucakkavāḷesupi aññataraṃ pabbataṃ vā āvajjitvā kataparikammena ākāso hotūti adhiṭṭhātabbo. Ākāsoyeva hoti. Adho otaritukāmassa, uddhaṃ vā ārohitukāmassa susiro hoti, vinivijjhitvā gantukāmassa chiddo. So tattha asajjamāno gacchati.
已對照

然而三藏小阿跋亞長老(Tipiṭakacūḷābhayatthera)在這裡說:「賢友們,入虛空遍有什麼用呢?難道想化作象、馬等的人,要入象、馬等遍嗎?在任何一種遍上作了遍作之後,於八等至的自在,這才是標準。他想要什麼,那就成為什麼。」比丘們說:「尊者,聖典中只出現了虛空遍,所以這一定要說。」此中,這是聖典——

Tipiṭakacūḷābhayatthero panetthāha – ‘‘ākāsakasiṇasamāpajjanaṃ, āvuso, kimatthiyaṃ, kiṃ hatthiassādīni abhinimminitukāmo hatthiassādi kasiṇāni samāpajjati, nanu yattha katthaci kasiṇe parikammaṃ katvā aṭṭhasamāpattivasībhāvoyeva pamāṇaṃ. Yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ tadeva hotī’’ti. Bhikkhū āhaṃsu – ‘‘pāḷiyā, bhante, ākāsakasiṇaṃyeva āgataṃ, tasmā avassametaṃ vattabba’’nti. Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –
已對照

「本來是虛空遍等至的獲得者。他轉向牆壁之外、垣牆之外、山嶽之外。轉向之後,以智決意:『要成為虛空。』便成為虛空。他穿越牆壁、垣牆、山嶽,無所障礙。猶如本來無神通的人們在不被任何[東西]遮蔽、未被圍繞之處無所障礙地行走,同樣,那具神通、已得心自在者(iddhimā cetovasippatto)穿越牆壁、垣牆、山嶽,無所障礙,猶如在虛空中。」(《無礙解道》3.11)

‘‘Pakatiyā ākāsakasiṇasamāpattiyā lābhī hoti. Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ āvajjati. Āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti – ‘ākāso hotū’ti. Ākāso hoti. Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati. Yathā manussā pakatiyā aniddhimanto kenaci anāvaṭe aparikkhitte asajjamānā gacchanti, evameva so iddhimā cetovasippatto tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati, seyyathāpi ākāse’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.11).
緬 2.24已對照

然而,若這比丘決意之後正在行進時,途中有山或樹冒起,是否應再入[定]而決意呢?——沒有過失。因為再入[定]而決意,猶如在戒師處受依止。而且,由於這比丘已決意「要成為虛空」,[那]就必定成為虛空。而由於先前決意的力量,在他途中會冒起另一座時節所成的山或樹——這是不可能的。但若是另一位有神通者所化作的,則最先的化作力強。另一位應從它的上方或下方而去。

Sace panassa bhikkhuno adhiṭṭhahitvā gacchantassa antarā pabbato vā rukkho vā uṭṭheti, kiṃ puna samāpajjitvā adhiṭṭhātabbanti? Doso natthi. Puna samāpajjitvā adhiṭṭhānaṃ hi upajjhāyassa santike nissayaggahaṇasadisaṃ hoti. Iminā ca pana bhikkhunā ākāso hotūti adhiṭṭhitattā ākāso hotiyeva. Purimādhiṭṭhānabaleneva cassa antarā añño pabbato vā rukkho vā utumayo uṭṭhahissatīti aṭṭhānamevetaṃ. Aññena iddhimatā nimmite pana paṭhamanimmānaṃ balavaṃ hoti. Itarena tassa uddhaṃ vā adho vā gantabbaṃ.
393已對照

三百九十三、「出沒於大地之中(pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ)」此中:「出(ummujja)」稱為升起;「沒(nimujja)」稱為沉下。出與沒為「出沒」。想這樣作的人,應入於水遍,出起之後,限定「在這麼大的地方,讓地成為水」,作了遍作之後,依所說的方式決意。與決意一起,在所限定之處,地就成為水。他在那裡作出沒。此中,這是聖典——

393. Pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjanti ettha ummujjanti uṭṭhānaṃ vuccati. Nimujjanti saṃsīdanaṃ. Ummujjañca nimujjañca ummujjanimujjaṃ. Evaṃ kātukāmena āpokasiṇaṃ samāpajjitvā uṭṭhāya ettake ṭhāne pathavī udakaṃ hotūti paricchinditvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Saha adhiṭṭhānena yathā paricchinne ṭhāne pathavī udakameva hoti. So tattha ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti. Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –
已對照

「本來是水遍等至的獲得者。他轉向地。轉向之後,以智決意:『要成為水。』便成為水。他出沒於大地之中。猶如本來無神通的人們在水中出沒,同樣,那具神通、已得心自在者出沒於大地之中,猶如在水中。」(《無礙解道》3.11)

‘‘Pakatiyā āpokasiṇasamāpattiyā lābhī hoti. Pathaviṃ āvajjati. Āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti – ‘udakaṃ hotū’ti. Udakaṃ hoti. So pathaviyā ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti. Yathā manussā pakatiyā aniddhimanto udake ummujjanimujjaṃ karonti, evameva so iddhimā cetovasippatto pathaviyā ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti, seyyathāpi udake’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.11).
緬 2.25已對照

不僅出沒,在沐浴、飲用、洗臉、洗器物等中,他想要什麼,就作什麼。不僅是水,在熟酥、油、蜜、糖蜜等中,他想要什麼,轉向「要成為這個、那個,這麼多」,作了遍作而決意時,便正如所決意的那樣成就。把它舀起而盛入器中時,熟酥就是熟酥,油等就是油等,水就是水。他在那裡想沾溼才沾溼,不想沾溼就不沾溼。並且那地只對他成為水,對其餘的人仍是地。人們在那裡照樣步行而去,乘車等而去,也照樣作耕作等。但若他希望「對他們也要成為水」,就會成為[水]。然而過了所限定的時間,除了原本在水瓶、池塘等中的水以外,其餘所限定之處仍成為地。

Na kevalañca ummujjanimujjameva, nhānapānamukhadhovanabhaṇḍakadhovanādīsu yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ taṃ karoti. Na kevalañca udakameva, sappitelamadhuphāṇitādīsupi yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ taṃ idañcidañca ettakaṃ hotūti āvajjitvā parikammaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhahantassa yathādhiṭṭhitameva hoti. Uddharitvā bhājanagataṃ karontassa sappi sappimeva hoti. Telādīni telādīniyeva. Udakaṃ udakameva. So tattha temitukāmova temeti, na temitukāmo na temeti. Tasseva ca sā pathavī udakaṃ hoti sesajanassa pathavīyeva. Tattha manussā pattikāpi gacchanti, yānādīhipi gacchanti, kasikammādīnipi karontiyeva. Sace panāyaṃ tesampi udakaṃ hotūti icchati, hotiyeva. Paricchinnakālaṃ pana atikkamitvā yaṃ pakatiyā ghaṭataḷākādīsu udakaṃ, taṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ paricchinnaṭṭhānaṃ pathavīyeva hoti.
394已對照

三百九十四、「在水上行走而不沉沒(udakepi abhijjamāne)」此中:踏上去便沉陷的水,稱為「沉沒的(bhijjamāna)」;相反的,為「不沉沒的」。而想這樣去的人,應入於地遍,出起之後,限定「在這麼大的地方,讓水成為地」,作了遍作之後,依所說的方式決意。與決意一起,在所限定之處,水就成為地。他在那裡行走。此中,這是聖典——

394. Udakepi abhijjamāneti ettha yaṃ udakaṃ akkamitvā saṃsīdati, taṃ bhijjamānanti vuccati. Viparītaṃ abhijjamānaṃ. Evaṃ gantukāmena pana pathavīkasiṇaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ettake ṭhāne udakaṃ pathavī hotūti paricchinditvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Saha adhiṭṭhānena yathā paricchinnaṭṭhāne udakaṃ pathavīyeva hoti. So tattha gacchati, tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –
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「本來是地遍等至的獲得者。他轉向水。轉向之後,以智決意:『要成為地。』便成為地。他在水上行走而不沉沒。猶如本來無神通的人們在不沉沒的地上行走,同樣,那具神通、已得心自在者在水上行走而不沉沒,猶如在地上。」(《無礙解道》3.11)

‘‘Pakatiyā pathavīkasiṇasamāpattiyā lābhī hoti. Udakaṃ āvajjati. Āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti – ‘pathavī hotū’ti. Pathavī hoti. So abhijjamāne udake gacchati. Yathā manussā pakatiyā aniddhimanto abhijjamānāya pathaviyā gacchanti, evameva so iddhimā cetovasippatto abhijjamāne udake gacchati, seyyathāpi pathaviya’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.11).
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不僅行走,他想要什麼威儀,就作什麼[威儀]。不僅作成地,在摩尼、金、山、樹等中,他想要什麼,就依所說的方式轉向而決意,便正如所決意的那樣成就。並且那水只對他成為地,對其餘的人仍是水,魚、龜與水鴉等隨意遊動。但若他想對其他人也把它作成地,就會作成。然而由於過了所限定的時間,[它]就仍成為水。

Na kevalañca gacchati, yaṃ yaṃ iriyāpathaṃ icchati, taṃ taṃ karoti. Na kevalañca pathavimeva karoti, maṇisuvaṇṇapabbatarukkhādīsupi yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ taṃ vuttanayeneva āvajjitvā adhiṭṭhāti, yathādhiṭṭhitameva hoti. Tasseva ca taṃ udakaṃ pathavī hoti, sesajanassa udakameva, macchakacchapā ca udakakākādayo ca yathāruci vicaranti. Sace panāyaṃ aññesampi manussānaṃ taṃ pathaviṃ kātuṃ icchati, karotiyeva. Paricchinnakālātikkamena pana udakameva hoti.
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三百九十五、「結跏趺坐而行(pallaṅkena kamati)」者:即以結跏趺而去。「有翼之鳥(pakkhī sakuṇo)」者:即具有雙翼的鳥。而想這樣作的人,應入於地遍,出起之後,若想坐著去,就限定結跏趺大小的地方,作了遍作之後,依所說的方式決意。若想躺著去,[就限定]床大小的;若想步行去,[就限定]道路大小的——如是限定相應的地方,依所說的方式,[以]「要成為地」而決意。與決意一起,就成為地。此中,這是聖典——

395. Pallaṅkena kamatīti pallaṅkena gacchati. Pakkhī sakuṇoti pakkhehi yuttasakuṇo. Evaṃ kātukāmena pana pathavīkasiṇaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya sace nisinno gantumicchati, pallaṅkappamāṇaṃ ṭhānaṃ paricchinditvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Sace nipanno gantukāmo hoti mañcappamāṇaṃ, sace padasā gantukāmo hoti maggappamāṇanti evaṃ yathānurūpaṃ ṭhānaṃ paricchinditvā vuttanayeneva pathavī hotūti adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ, saha adhiṭṭhānena pathavīyeva hoti. Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –
緬 2.26已對照

「『在虛空中結跏趺坐而行,猶如有翼之鳥』:本來是地遍等至的獲得者,他轉向虛空。轉向之後,以智決意:『要成為地。』便成為地。他在虛空中、空中經行,站立,坐,也躺臥。猶如本來無神通的人們在地上經行……乃至……躺臥,同樣,那具神通、已得心自在者在虛空中、空中經行……乃至……躺臥。」(《無礙解道》3.11)

‘‘Ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇoti. Pakatiyā pathavīkasiṇasamāpattiyā lābhī hoti, ākāsaṃ āvajjati. Āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti – ‘pathavī hotū’ti. Pathavī hoti. So ākāse antalikkhe caṅkamatipi tiṭṭhatipi nisīdatipi seyyampi kappeti. Yathā manussā pakatiyā aniddhimanto pathaviyaṃ caṅkamantipi…pe… seyyampi kappenti, evameva so iddhimā cetovasippatto ākāse antalikkhe caṅkamatipi…pe… seyyampi kappetī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.11).
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而想在虛空中去的比丘,也應是天眼的獲得者。為什麼呢?因為途中或有時節所等起的山、樹等,或龍、金翅鳥等因嫉妒而化造[山、樹等]——為了看見它們。那麼,見了它們之後應作什麼呢?應入於基礎禪,出起之後,作「要成為虛空」的遍作而決意。然而[三藏小阿跋亞]長老說:「賢友們,入等至有什麼用呢?他的心不是已經得定了嗎?因此他以『要成為虛空』而決意任何地方,[那裡]就成為虛空。」雖然他這樣說,但應依穿越牆壁的示導中所說的方式行道。

Ākāse gantukāmena ca bhikkhunā dibbacakkhulābhināpi bhavitabbaṃ. Kasmā? Antare utusamuṭṭhānā vā pabbatarukkhādayo honti, nāgasupaṇṇādayo vā usūyantā māpenti, nesaṃ dassanatthaṃ. Te pana disvā kiṃ kātabbanti? Pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ākāso hotūti parikammaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Thero panāha ‘‘samāpattisamāpajjanaṃ, āvuso, kimatthiyaṃ, nanu samāhitamevassa cittaṃ, tena yaṃ yaṃ ṭhānaṃ ākāso hotūti adhiṭṭhāti, ākāsoyeva hotī’’ti. Kiñcāpi evamāha, atha kho tirokuṭṭapārihāriye vuttanayeneva paṭipajjitabbaṃ.
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再者,為了在適當之處降落,他也應是天眼的獲得者。因為他若在不適當之處——在浴場或村門——降落,就會被大眾看見。所以要以天眼看過,避開不適當之處,在適當之處降落。

Apica okāse orohaṇatthampi iminā dibbacakkhulābhinā bhavitabbaṃ, ayañhi sace anokāse nhānatitthe vā gāmadvāre vā orohati. Mahājanassa pākaṭo hoti. Tasmā dibbacakkhunā passitvā anokāsaṃ vajjetvā okāse otaratīti.
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三百九十六、「甚至以手觸摸、撫摸有如此大神力、大威德的日月(imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjati)」此中:應知日月由於在四萬二千由旬的上方運行而有大神力性,由於在同一剎那照亮三洲而有大威德性。或者,由於如是在上方運行與照亮而有大神力,正由此而有大威德。「觸摸(parāmasati)」者:即握持,或觸及一部分。「撫摸(parimajjati)」者:即猶如[擦拭]鏡面一般周遍撫摸。而他的這種神通,唯依作為神通之基礎的禪那而成就,此中沒有遍等至的限定。因為這已在《無礙解道》中說過——

396. Imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjatīti ettha candimasūriyānaṃ dvācattālīsayojanasahassassa upari caraṇena mahiddhikatā, tīsu dīpesu ekakkhaṇe ālokakaraṇena mahānubhāvatā veditabbā. Evaṃ upari caraṇaālokakaraṇehi vā mahiddhike teneva mahānubhāve. Parāmasatīti pariggaṇhati ekadese vā chupati. Parimajjatīti samantato ādāsatalaṃ viya parimajjati. Ayaṃ panassa iddhi abhiññāpādakajjhānavaseneva ijjhati, natthettha kasiṇasamāpattiniyamo. Vuttañhetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ –
緬 2.27已對照

「『甚至這日月……乃至……撫摸』:此中,那具神通、已得心自在者轉向日月,轉向之後,以智決意:『要在伸手可及之處。』[日月]便在伸手可及之處。他坐著或躺著,以手摸觸、觸摸、撫摸日月。猶如本來無神通的人們摸觸、觸摸、撫摸伸手可及之處的某種有色之物,同樣,那有神通者……乃至……撫摸。」(《無礙解道》3.12)

‘‘Imepi candimasūriye…pe… parimajjatīti idha so iddhimā cetovasippatto candimasūriye āvajjati, āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti – ‘hatthapāse hotū’ti. Hatthapāse hoti. So nisinnako vā nipannako vā candimasūriye pāṇinā āmasati parāmasati parimajjati. Yathā manussā pakatiyā aniddhimanto kiñcideva rūpagataṃ hatthapāse āmasanti parāmasanti parimajjanti, evameva so iddhimā…pe… parimajjatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.12).
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他若想前去觸摸,就前去觸摸;但若想就在這裡坐著或躺著觸摸,便決意「要在伸手可及之處」。以決意之力,[日月]猶如脫離果柄的多羅果一般來到,他或觸摸住立於伸手可及之處的[日月],或伸長手[而觸摸]。那麼,伸長時,是執受的(upādiṇṇaka)伸長,還是非執受的(anupādiṇṇaka)[伸長]呢?依於執受的,非執受的伸長。

Svāyaṃ yadi icchati gantvā parāmasituṃ, gantvā parāmasati, yadi pana idheva nisinnako vā nipannako vā parāmasitukāmo hoti, hatthapāse hotūti adhiṭṭhāti, adhiṭṭhānabalena vaṇṭā muttatālaphalaṃ viya āgantvā hatthapāse ṭhite vā parāmasati, hatthaṃ vā vaḍḍhetvā. Vaḍḍhentassa pana kiṃ upādiṇṇakaṃ vaḍḍhati, anupādiṇṇakanti? Upādiṇṇakaṃ nissāya anupādiṇṇakaṃ vaḍḍhati.
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對此,三藏小那伽長老(Tipiṭakacūḷanāgatthera)說:「賢友們,執受的難道不會變小、也不會變大嗎?當比丘從鑰匙孔等出去時,那時執受的不就變小了嗎?當他作大的自體時,那時[執受的]就變大,猶如大目犍連長老那樣。」

Tattha tipiṭakacūḷanāgatthero āha ‘‘kiṃ panāvuso, upādiṇṇakaṃ khuddakampi mahantampi na hoti, nanu yadā bhikkhu tālacchiddādīhi nikkhamati, tadā upādiṇṇakaṃ khuddakaṃ hoti. Yadā mahantaṃ attabhāvaṃ karoti, tadā mahantaṃ hoti mahāmoggallānattherassa viyā’’ti.
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降伏難陀優波難陀龍王論

Nandopanandanāgadamanakathā
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相傳,有一次,給孤獨居士(Anāthapiṇḍika gahapati)聽了世尊的說法之後,邀請說:「尊者,明天請與五百比丘一同在我們家中受食。」便離去了。世尊接受了[邀請],度過那天的餘時與夜分,在黎明時觀察一萬世界。那時,名叫難陀優波難陀(Nandopananda)的龍王來到了他的智門的現前。世尊轉念:「這龍王來到了我的智門的現前,他有沒有親依止呢?」見到「他持邪見,對三寶不具淨信」,[又]轉念:「誰能使他離開邪見呢?」便見到了大目犍連長老(Mahāmoggallāna)。

Ekasmiṃ kira samaye anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ sutvā ‘‘sve, bhante, pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ amhākaṃ gehe bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti nimantetvā pakkami. Bhagavā adhivāsetvā taṃdivasāvasesaṃ rattibhāgañca vītināmetvā paccūsasamaye dasasahassilokadhātuṃ olokesi. Athassa nandopanando nāma nāgarājā ñāṇamukhe āpāthamāgacchi. Bhagavā ‘‘ayaṃ nāgarājā mayhaṃ ñāṇamukhe āpāthamāgacchi, atthi nu kho assa upanissayo’’ti āvajjento ‘‘ayaṃ micchādiṭṭhiko tīsu ratanesu appasannoti disvā ko nu kho imaṃ micchādiṭṭhito viveceyyā’’ti āvajjento mahāmoggallānattheraṃ addasa.
緬 2.28已對照

於是,夜盡天明時,[世尊]料理了身體,召喚具壽阿難:「阿難,去告知五百比丘:『如來要去天界遊行。』」而那一天,[他們]為難陀優波難陀佈置了飲宴之處。他坐在天寶座上,有天的白傘蓋為他張持,由三種歌舞伎(tividhanāṭaka)與龍眾圍繞,正看著盛在天器中所陳設的種種飲食。那時,世尊作得使龍王能看見,便與五百比丘一同從他的天篷頂上,朝向三十三天的天界出發。

Tato pabhātāya rattiyā sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ānanda, pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ ārocehi tathāgato devacārikaṃ gacchatī’’ti. Taṃ divasañca nandopanandassa āpānabhūmiṃ sajjayiṃsu. So dibbaratanapallaṅke dibbena setacchattena dhāriyamānena tividhanāṭakehi ceva nāgaparisāya ca parivuto dibbabhājanesu upaṭṭhāpitaṃ annapānavidhiṃ olokayamāno nisinno hoti. Atha bhagavā yathā nāgarājā passati, tathā katvā tassa vitānamatthakeneva pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ tāvatiṃsadevalokābhimukho pāyāsi.
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那時,難陀優波難陀龍王生起了這樣的惡見執:「這些剃光頭的沙門之流,竟從我們住處的上方進出三十三天諸天的天宮!從今以後,我不再讓這些把腳塵撒在我們頭頂上的[人]過去了。」便起身到須彌山腳,捨棄那個自體,以蟠身繞須彌山七匝,在上方張開蛇冠,以倒覆的蛇冠罩住三十三天宮,使之不可見。

Tena kho pana samayena nandopanandassa nāgarājassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘‘ime hi nāma muṇḍakā samaṇakā amhākaṃ uparūparibhavanena devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ bhavanaṃ pavisantipi nikkhamantipi, na dāni ito paṭṭhāya imesaṃ amhākaṃ matthake pādapaṃsuṃ okirantānaṃ gantuṃ dassāmī’’ti uṭṭhāya sinerupādaṃ gantvā taṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā sineruṃ sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā upari phaṇaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ avakujjena phaṇena gahetvā adassanaṃ gamesi.
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於是,具壽賴吒和羅(Raṭṭhapāla)對世尊這樣說:「尊者,從前我站在這個地方,看得見須彌山,看得見須彌山的環層(paribhaṇḍa),看得見三十三天,看得見最勝殿(Vejayanta),看得見最勝殿上的旗。尊者,是什麼因、什麼緣,現在我既看不見須彌山……乃至……也看不見最勝殿上的旗呢?」「賴吒和羅,這名叫難陀優波難陀的龍王對你們發怒,以蟠身繞須彌山七匝,在上方以蛇冠遮覆,造成黑暗而住在那裡。」「尊者,讓我來降伏他。」世尊沒有允許。於是具壽跋提耶(Bhaddiya)、具壽羅睺羅[等],所有比丘依次都起立了。世尊沒有允許。

Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘pubbe, bhante, imasmiṃ padese ṭhito sineruṃ passāmi, sineruparibhaṇḍaṃ passāmi, tāvatiṃsaṃ passāmi, vejayantaṃ passāmi, vejayantassa pāsādassa upari dhajaṃ passāmi. Ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo, yaṃ etarahi neva sineruṃ passāmi…pe… na vejayantassa pāsādassa upari dhajaṃ passāmī’’ti. ‘‘Ayaṃ, raṭṭhapāla, nandopanando nāma nāgarājā tumhākaṃ kupito sineruṃ sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā upari phaṇena paṭicchādetvā andhakāraṃ katvā ṭhito’’ti. ‘‘Damemi naṃ, bhante’’ti. Na bhagavā anujāni. Atha kho āyasmā bhaddiyo āyasmā rāhuloti anukkamena sabbepi bhikkhū uṭṭhahiṃsu. Na bhagavā anujāni.
緬 2.29已對照

最後,大目犍連長老說:「尊者,讓我來降伏他。」世尊允許說:「目犍連,去降伏[他]吧。」長老舍棄自體,化作巨大的龍王容色,以蟠身繞難陀優波難陀十四匝,把自己的蛇冠置於他的蛇冠頂上,把他連同須彌山一起緊緊壓住。龍王冒煙。長老也[想]:「不只你的身上有煙,我[身上]也有。」便冒煙。龍王的煙不能惱害長老,而長老的煙卻惱害龍王。於是龍王燃燒。長老也[想]:「不只你的身上有火,我[身上]也有。」便燃燒。龍王的火焰不能惱害長老,而長老的火焰卻惱害龍王。龍王想:「這[人]把我連同須彌山一起緊壓,又冒煙又燃燒。」便反問:「喂,你是誰?」「難陀,我是目犍連。」「尊者,請以您自己的比丘之身而住吧。」

Avasāne mahāmoggallānatthero ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, damemi na’’nti āha. ‘‘Damehi moggallānā’’ti bhagavā anujāni. Thero attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā mahantaṃ nāgarājavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā nandopanandaṃ cuddasakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā tassa phaṇamatthake attano phaṇaṃ ṭhapetvā sinerunā saddhiṃ abhinippīḷesi. Nāgarājā padhūmāyi. Theropi na tuyhaṃyeva sarīre dhūmo atthi, mayhampi atthīti padhūmāyi. Nāgarājassa dhūmo theraṃ na bādhati. Therassa pana dhūmo nāgarājānaṃ bādhati. Tato nāgarājā pajjali. Theropi na tuyhaṃyeva sarīre aggi atthi, mayhampi atthīti pajjali. Nāgarājassa tejo theraṃ na bādhati. Therassa pana tejo nāgarājānaṃ bādhati. Nāgarājā ayaṃ maṃ sinerunā abhinippīḷetvā dhūmāyati ceva pajjalati cāti cintetvā ‘‘bho tvaṃ kosī’’ti paṭipucchi. ‘‘Ahaṃ kho, nanda, moggallāno’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, attano bhikkhubhāvena tiṭṭhāhī’’ti.
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長老舍棄那個自體,從他的右耳孔進入,從左耳孔出來;從左耳孔進入,從右耳孔出來;同樣,從右鼻孔進入,從左鼻孔出來;從左鼻孔進入,從右鼻孔出來。於是龍王張開了口。長老從口進入,在[他]腹中向東、向西經行。世尊說:「目犍連,你要作意,這龍有大神通。」長老說:「尊者,我的四神足已修習、已多作、已作車乘、已作基地、已確立、已積習、已善精勤。尊者,且不說難陀優波難陀,與難陀優波難陀相似的龍王,即使一百、一千、十萬[條],我也能降伏。」

Thero taṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā tassa dakkhiṇakaṇṇasotena pavisitvā vāmakaṇṇasotena nikkhami, vāmakaṇṇasotena pavisitvā dakkhiṇakaṇṇasotena nikkhami, tathā dakkhiṇanāsasotena pavisitvā vāmanāsasotena nikkhami, vāmanāsasotena pavisitvā dakkhiṇanāsasotena nikkhami. Tato nāgarājā mukhaṃ vivari. Thero mukhena pavisitvā antokucchiyaṃ pācīnena ca pacchimena ca caṅkamati. Bhagavā ‘‘moggallāna, manasikarohi mahiddhiko esa nāgo’’ti āha. Thero ‘‘mayhaṃ kho, bhante, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, tiṭṭhatu, bhante, nandopanando, ahaṃ nandopanandasadisānaṃ nāgarājānaṃ satampi sahassampi satasahassampi dameyya’’nti āha.
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龍王想:「他進來時我沒看見;現在他出去的時候,我要把他放進牙間嚼碎。」想了之後便說:「尊者,出來吧,不要在我腹中來回經行,惱害我。」長老出來,站在外面。龍王見了[心想]「就是他」,便噴出鼻風。長老入了第四禪。那風連他的一個毛孔也不能吹動。相傳,其餘的比丘從開始起都能作一切示導,但到了這一關頭,不能這樣成為速入定者而入定,所以世尊沒有允許他們降伏龍王。

Nāgarājā cintesi ‘‘pavisanto tāva me na diṭṭho, nikkhamanakāle dāni naṃ dāṭhantare pakkhipitvā saṅkhādissāmī’’ti cintetvā nikkhama bhante, mā maṃ antokucchiyaṃ aparāparaṃ caṅkamanto bādhayitthāti āha. Thero nikkhamitvā bahi aṭṭhāsi. Nāgarājā ayaṃ soti disvā nāsavātaṃ vissajji. Thero catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Lomakūpampissa vāto cāletuṃ nāsakkhi. Avasesā bhikkhū kira ādito paṭṭhāya sabbapāṭihāriyāni kātuṃ sakkuṇeyyuṃ, imaṃ pana ṭhānaṃ patvā evaṃ khippanisantino hutvā samāpajjituṃ na sakkhissantīti tesaṃ bhagavā nāgarājadamanaṃ nānujāni.
緬 2.30已對照

龍王想:「我以鼻風連這沙門的一個毛孔也不能吹動,這沙門有大神通。」長老舍棄自體,化作金翅鳥之形,顯示金翅鳥之風,追趕龍王。龍王捨棄那個自體,化作青年的容色,一邊說「尊者,我歸依您」,一邊禮敬長老的雙足。長老說:「難陀,導師來了,來,我們去吧。」如是降伏了龍王,使[他]無毒,帶著[他]到世尊那裡去了。龍王禮敬世尊後說:「尊者,我歸依您。」世尊說了「龍王,願你安樂」之後,由比丘僧團圍繞,前往給孤獨的住宅。

Nāgarājā ‘‘ahaṃ imassa samaṇassa nāsavātena lomakūpampi cāletuṃ nāsakkhiṃ, mahiddhiko samaṇo’’ti cintesi. Thero attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā supaṇṇarūpaṃ abhinimminitvā supaṇṇavātaṃ dassento nāgarājānaṃ anubandhi. Nāgarājā taṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā māṇavakavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti vadanto therassa pāde vandi. Thero ‘‘satthā, nanda, āgato, ehi gamissāmā’’ti nāgarājānaṃ damayitvā nibbisaṃ katvā gahetvā bhagavato santikaṃ agamāsi. Nāgarājā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti āha. Bhagavā ‘‘sukhī hohi, nāgarājā’’ti vatvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto anāthapiṇḍikassa nivesanaṃ agamāsi.
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給孤獨說:「尊者,為什麼這麼晚才來?」「目犍連與難陀優波難陀有一場戰鬥。」「尊者,誰勝了,誰敗了?」「目犍連勝了,難陀敗了。」給孤獨說:「尊者,請世尊接受我連續七天的飯食,我要七天恭敬長老。」說了之後,七天對以佛為首的五百比丘作了大恭敬。如是,正是就這在降伏難陀優波難陀時所作的大的自體,而說了這[句]:「當他作大的自體時,便成為大的,猶如大目犍連長老。」雖然如是說了,比丘們仍說:「依於執受的,唯有非執受的增長。」而此中唯此是道理。

Anāthapiṇḍiko ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, atidivā āgatatthā’’ti āha. Moggallānassa ca nandopanandassa ca saṅgāmo ahosīti. Kassa, bhante, jayo, kassa parājayoti. Moggallānassa jayo, nandassa parājayoti. Anāthapiṇḍiko ‘‘adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā sattāhaṃ ekapaṭipāṭiyā bhattaṃ, sattāhaṃ therassa sakkāraṃ karissāmī’’ti vatvā sattāhaṃ buddhapamukhānaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ mahāsakkāraṃ akāsi. Iti imaṃ imasmiṃ nandopanandadamane kataṃ mahantaṃ attabhāvaṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘yadā mahantaṃ attabhāvaṃ karoti, tadā mahantaṃ hoti mahāmoggallānattherassa viyā’’ti. Evaṃ vuttepi bhikkhū upādiṇṇakaṃ nissāya anupādiṇṇakameva vaḍḍhatīti āhaṃsu. Ayameva cettha yutti.
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他如是作了之後,不只是觸摸日月。若他希望,就作成足墊而把腳放上,作成椅而坐,作成床而臥,作成靠板而倚靠。猶如一人,另一人也是如此。因為即使好幾十萬比丘這樣作,他們每一人也都同樣成就;而日月的運行與照明也照樣如前。因為猶如在一千個盛滿水的盆中,一切盆裡都現出月輪,而月亮的運行與照明正如平常。這示導也與此相似。

So evaṃ katvā na kevalaṃ candimasūriye parāmasati. Sace icchati pādakathalikaṃ katvā pāde ṭhapeti, pīṭhaṃ katvā nisīdati, mañcaṃ katvā nipajjati, apassenaphalakaṃ katvā apassayati. Yathā ca eko, evaṃ aparopi. Anekesupi hi bhikkhusatasahassesu evaṃ karontesu tesañca ekamekassa tatheva ijjhati. Candimasūriyānañca gamanampi ālokakaraṇampi tatheva hoti. Yathā hi pātisahassesu udakapūresu sabbapātīsu ca candamaṇḍalāni dissanti. Pākatikameva ca candassa gamanaṃ ālokakaraṇañca hoti. Tathūpamametaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ.
397已對照

三百九十七、「直到梵天界(yāva brahmalokāpi)」者:即以梵天界為界限。「以身自在通行(kāyena vasaṃ vatteti)」者:即在那梵天界中以身行使自己的自在。其義應隨順聖典而知。因為此中的聖典是這樣的——

397. Yāva brahmalokāpīti brahmalokampi paricchedaṃ katvā. Kāyena vasaṃ vattetīti tattha brahmaloke kāyena attano vasaṃ vatteti. Tassattho pāḷiṃ anugantvā veditabbo. Ayañhettha pāḷi –
緬 2.31已對照

「『以身自在通行,直到梵天界』:若那有神通而得心自在者想去梵天界,對遠處也決意為近:『願它近』,便近了;對近處也決意為遠:『願它遠』,便遠了;對多也決意為少:『願它少』,便少了;對少也決意為多:『願它多』,便多了。他以天眼看見那梵天的色,以天耳界聽見那梵天的聲音,以他心智了知那梵天的心。若那有神通而得心自在者想以可見的身去梵天界,便依身轉變心,依身決意心;依身轉變心、依身決意心之後,入於樂想與輕想,以可見的身去梵天界。若那有神通而得心自在者想以不可見的身去梵天界,便依心轉變身,依心決意身;依心轉變身、依心決意身之後,入於樂想與輕想,以不可見的身去梵天界。他在那梵天面前化作色:意所成、具足一切大小肢節、諸根無缺。若那有神通者經行,化身也在那裡經行;若那有神通者站立、坐下、躺臥,化身也在那裡躺臥;若那有神通者冒煙、燃燒、說法、發問、被問而答,化身也在那裡被問而答;若那有神通者與那梵天共立、交談、進行討論,化身也在那裡與那梵天共立、交談、進行討論。因為凡那有神通者所作的,化身便作那個。」(《無礙解道》3.12)

‘‘Yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattetīti. Sace so iddhimā cetovasippatto brahmalokaṃ gantukāmo hoti, dūrepi santike adhiṭṭhāti santike hotūti, santike hoti. Santikepi dūre adhiṭṭhāti dūre hotūti, dūre hoti. Bahukampi thokanti adhiṭṭhāti thokaṃ hotūti, thokaṃ hoti. Thokampi bahukanti adhiṭṭhāti bahukaṃ hotūti, bahukaṃ hoti. Dibbena cakkhunā tassa brahmuno rūpaṃ passati. Dibbāya sotadhātuyā tassa brahmuno saddaṃ suṇāti. Cetopariyañāṇena tassa brahmuno cittaṃ pajānāti. Sace so iddhimā cetovasippatto dissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gantukāmo hoti, kāyavasena cittaṃ pariṇāmeti, kāyavasena cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, kāyavasena cittaṃ pariṇāmetvā kāyavasena cittaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā dissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gacchati. Sace so iddhimā cetovasippatto adissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gantukāmo hoti, cittavasena kāyaṃ pariṇāmeti, cittavasena kāyaṃ adhiṭṭhāti. Cittavasena kāyaṃ pariṇāmetvā cittavasena kāyaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā adissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gacchati. So tassa brahmuno purato rūpaṃ abhinimmināti manomayaṃ sabbaṅgapañcaṅgiṃ ahīnindriyaṃ. Sace so iddhimā caṅkamati, nimmitopi tattha caṅkamati. Sace so iddhimā tiṭṭhati, nisīdati, seyyaṃ kappeti, nimmitopi tattha seyyaṃ kappeti. Sace so iddhimā dhūmāyati, pajjalati, dhammaṃ bhāsati, pañhaṃ pucchati, pañhaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeti, nimmitopi tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeti. Sace so iddhimā tena brahmunā saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati, sallapati, sākacchaṃ samāpajjati, nimmitopi tattha tena brahmunā saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati, sallapati, sākacchaṃ samāpajjati. Yaṃ yadeva hi so iddhimā karoti, taṃ tadeva nimmito karotī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.12).
緬 2.32已對照

此中,「對遠處也決意為近(dūrepi santike adhiṭṭhāti)」者:即從基礎禪出[定]後,轉向遠處的天界或梵天界:「願它近」。轉向之後,作了遍作,再入[定],以智決意:「願它近」,便近了。其餘諸句也是此理。

Tattha dūrepi santike adhiṭṭhātīti pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya dūre devalokaṃ vā brahmalokaṃ vā āvajjati santike hotūti. Āvajjitvā parikammaṃ katvā puna samāpajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti santike hotūti, santike hoti. Esa nayo sesapadesupi.
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此中,誰曾取遠而作近呢?世尊。因為世尊在雙神變結束時前往天界,使持雙山(Yugandhara)與須彌山近了,從地面把一隻腳踏在持雙山上,把第二隻放在須彌山頂。還有誰作過?大目犍連長老。因為長老使在舍衛城作完食事後出發的、[綿延]十二由旬的會眾,縮短三十由旬的去僧伽舍城(Saṅkassa)之路,就在那一剎那使[他們]到達了。

Tattha ko dūraṃ gahetvā santikaṃ akāsīti? Bhagavā. Bhagavā hi yamakapāṭihāriyāvasāne devalokaṃ gacchanto yugandharañca sineruñca santike katvā pathavītalato ekapādaṃ yugandhare patiṭṭhapetvā dutiyaṃ sinerumatthake ṭhapesi. Añño ko akāsi? Mahāmoggallānatthero. Thero hi sāvatthito bhattakiccaṃ katvā nikkhantaṃ dvādasayojanikaṃ parisaṃ tiṃsayojanaṃ saṅkassanagaramaggaṃ saṅkhipitvā taṅkhaṇaññeva sampāpesi.
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此外,在銅鍱洲,小海長老(Cūḷasamudda)也作過。相傳在饑饉之時,七百比丘一早來到長老處。長老想:「這麼大的比丘僧團,乞食處會在哪裡呢?」在整個銅鍱洲都沒見到,見到「在彼岸的波吒釐子城(Pāṭaliputta)會有」,便令比丘們拿著缽與衣,說:「來,賢友們,我們去乞食。」縮地之後,到了波吒釐子城。比丘們問:「尊者,這是哪座城?」「是波吒釐子城,賢友們。」「尊者,波吒釐子城是在遠方的啊。」「賢友們,年老的長老們能把遠處也取來作近。」「尊者,大海在哪裡呢?」「賢友們,你們不是越過中間一條青色的水溝而來的嗎?」「是的,尊者。」「可是大海是大的啊。」「賢友們,年老的長老們能把大的也作小。」

Apica tambapaṇṇidīpe cūḷasamuddattheropi akāsi. Dubbhikkhasamaye kira therassa santikaṃ pātova satta bhikkhusatāni āgamaṃsu. Thero ‘‘mahā bhikkhusaṅgho kuhiṃ bhikkhācāro bhavissatī’’ti cintento sakalatambapaṇṇidīpe adisvā ‘‘paratīre pāṭaliputte bhavissatī’’ti disvā bhikkhū pattacīvaraṃ gāhāpetvā ‘‘ethāvuso, bhikkhācāraṃ gamissāmā’’ti pathaviṃ saṅkhipitvā pāṭaliputtaṃ gato. Bhikkhū ‘‘kataraṃ, bhante, imaṃ nagara’’nti pucchiṃsu. Pāṭaliputtaṃ, āvusoti. Pāṭaliputtaṃ nāma dūre bhanteti. Āvuso, mahallakattherā nāma dūrepi gahetvā santike karontīti. Mahāsamuddo kuhiṃ, bhanteti? Nanu, āvuso, antarā ekaṃ nīlamātikaṃ atikkamitvā āgatatthāti? Āma, bhante. Mahāsamuddo pana mahantoti. Āvuso, mahallakattherā nāma mahantampi khuddakaṃ karontīti.
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而如這[位長老]一樣,帝須達多長老(Tissadatta)也在傍晚沐浴、披好上衣之後,當心中生起「我要禮敬大菩提樹」時,便使[它]近了。

Yathā cāyaṃ, evaṃ tissadattattheropi sāyanhasamaye nhāyitvā katuttarāsaṅgo mahābodhiṃ vandissāmīti citte uppanne santike akāsi.
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那麼,誰曾取近而作遠呢?世尊。因為世尊把自己與鴦掘摩羅(《中部》2.348)之間雖近的距離也作遠了。

Santikaṃ pana gahetvā ko dūramakāsīti? Bhagavā. Bhagavā hi attano ca aṅgulimālassa (ma. ni. 2.348) ca antaraṃ santikampi dūramakāsīti.
緬 2.33已對照

那麼,誰曾把多作少呢?大迦葉長老。相傳在王舍城的節日裡,五百少女拿著月形餅去作節日遊樂,見了世尊,卻什麼也沒有給;但見到長老從後面來,[想]「我們的長老來了,我們要供養餅」,便都拿著餅走近長老。長老取出缽,把一切[餅]作成僅滿一缽之量。世尊在前面坐下,等待長老。長老帶來[餅],供養了世尊。

Atha ko bahukaṃ thokaṃ akāsīti? Mahākassapatthero. Rājagahe kira nakkhattadivase pañcasatā kumāriyo candapūve gahetvā nakkhattakīḷanatthāya gacchantiyo bhagavantaṃ disvā kiñci nādaṃsu. Pacchato āgacchantaṃ pana theraṃ disvā amhākaṃ thero eti pūvaṃ dassāmāti sabbā pūve gahetvā theraṃ upasaṅkamiṃsu. Thero pattaṃ nīharitvā sabbaṃ ekapattapūramattamakāsi. Bhagavā theraṃ āgamayamāno purato nisīdi. Thero āharitvā bhagavato adāsi.
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而在伊利沙長者(Illisa seṭṭhi)的故事中,大目犍連長老把少作多;在迦迦婆利(Kākavaliya)的故事中,則是世尊。相傳大迦葉長老以等至度過七天之後,為攝益貧者,站在名叫迦迦婆利的貧苦之人的家門口。他的妻子見了長老,把為丈夫煮的無鹽的酸粥倒進缽中。長老拿著它,放在世尊手中。世尊決意使它足夠大比丘僧團。以一缽帶來的[粥]足夠了一切人。迦迦婆利也在第七天得到了長者之位。

Illisaseṭṭhivatthusmiṃ pana mahāmoggallānatthero thokaṃ bahukamakāsi, kākavaliyavatthusmiñca bhagavā. Mahākassapatthero kira sattāhaṃ samāpattiyā vītināmetvā daliddasaṅgahaṃ karonto kākavaliyassa nāma duggatamanussassa gharadvāre aṭṭhāsi. Tassa jāyā theraṃ disvā patino pakkaṃ aloṇambilayāguṃ patte ākiri. Thero taṃ gahetvā bhagavato hatthe ṭhapesi. Bhagavā mahābhikkhusaṅghassa pahonakaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Ekapattena ābhatā sabbesaṃ pahosi. Kākavaliyopi sattame divase seṭṭhiṭṭhānaṃ alatthāti.
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而且不只是把少作多,在[使]甜的成為不甜的、不甜的成為甜的等[事]中,凡他所希望的,一切都為有神通者所成就。因為名叫大阿㝹羅(Mahāanuḷa)的長老,見到許多比丘乞食後只得到乾飯,坐在恆河岸邊吃,便決意恆河的水為醍醐,並給沙彌們示意。他們用小碗盛來,給了比丘僧團。所有人都以甜美的醍醐進食了。

Na kevalañca thokassa bahukaraṇaṃ, madhuraṃ amadhuraṃ, amadhuraṃ madhurantiādīsupi yaṃ yaṃ icchati, sabbaṃ iddhimato ijjhati. Tathā hi mahāanuḷatthero nāma sambahule bhikkhū piṇḍāya caritvā sukkhabhattameva labhitvā gaṅgātīre nisīditvā paribhuñjamāne disvā gaṅgāya udakaṃ sappimaṇḍanti adhiṭṭhahitvā sāmaṇerānaṃ saññaṃ adāsi. Te thālakehi āharitvā bhikkhusaṅghassa adaṃsu. Sabbe madhurena sappimaṇḍena bhuñjiṃsūti.
緬 2.34已對照

「以天眼(dibbena cakkhunā)」者:即就住立在此處,增長光明,看見那梵天的色;並且就住立在此處,聽見他所說的一切聲音,了知[他的]心。「依身轉變心(kāyavasena cittaṃ pariṇāmeti)」者:即依所生身(karajakāya)轉變心。取基礎禪心,安置於身,使[心]隨身而行,[成為]緩慢的行進;因為身的行進是緩慢的。「入於樂想與輕想(sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamati)」者:即入、進入、觸、到達與以基礎禪為所緣的神通心俱生的樂想與輕想。所謂樂想,即與舍相應的想;因為舍被說為寂靜的樂。而正是那想,由於從諸蓋以及尋等對立[法]解脫,也應知為「輕想」。而當他入於那[想]時,他的所生身也如棉絮一般輕。他便如是以如被風揚起的棉絮一般輕的、可見的身去梵天界。如是去時,若他希望,便依地遍在空中化作道路而徒步去;若他希望,便依風遍決意風,如棉絮一般隨風而去。此外,此中唯有欲去之意是標準。因為「只要有欲去之意」,如是作了心之決意者,便唯被決意的勢力所拋出,如弓手射出的箭一般,可見地而去。

Dibbena cakkhunāti idheva ṭhito ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā tassa brahmuno rūpaṃ passati. Idheva ca ṭhito sabbaṃ tassa bhāsato saddaṃ suṇāti. Cittaṃ pajānāti. Kāyavasena cittaṃ pariṇāmetīti karajakāyassa vasena cittaṃ pariṇāmeti. Pādakajjhānacittaṃ gahetvā kāye āropeti. Kāyānugatikaṃ karoti dandhagamanaṃ. Kāyagamanaṃ hi dandhaṃ hoti. Sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamatīti pādakajjhānārammaṇena iddhicittena sahajātaṃ sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamati pavisati phasseti sampāpuṇāti. Sukhasaññā nāma upekkhāsampayuttasaññā. Upekkhā hi santaṃ sukhanti vuttā. Sāyeva ca saññā nīvaraṇehi ceva vitakkādīhi paccanīkehi ca vimuttattā lahusaññātipi veditabbā. Taṃ okkantassa panassa karajakāyopi tūlapicu viya sallahuko hoti. So evaṃ vāyukkhittatūlapicunā viya sallahukena dissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gacchati. Evaṃ gacchanto ca sace icchati pathavīkasiṇavasena ākāse maggaṃ nimminitvā padasā gacchati. Sace icchati vāyokasiṇavasena vāyuṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā tūlapicu viya vāyunā gacchati. Apica gantukāmatā eva ettha pamāṇaṃ. ‘‘Sati hi gantukāmatāya’’ evaṃ katacittādhiṭṭhāno adhiṭṭhānavegukkhittova so issāsakhittasaro viya dissamāno gacchati.
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「依心轉變身(cittavasena kāyaṃ pariṇāmeti)」者:即取身,安置於心,使[身]隨心而行,[成為]迅速的行進;因為心的行進是迅速的。「入於樂想與輕想(sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamati)」者:即入於與以色身為所緣的神通心俱生的樂想與輕想。其餘的應依所說的方式了知。而這唯是心的行進。當被問到:「而如是以不可見的身去時,這[人]是在那決意心的生剎那去,還是在住剎那、壞滅剎那去?」長老說:「在三個剎那都去。」那麼,他是自己去,還是派遣化身[去]呢?——隨意而作。而此處[聖典]所出的,唯是他自己去。

Cittavasena kāyaṃ pariṇāmetīti kāyaṃ gahetvā citte āropeti. Cittānugatikaṃ karoti sīghagamanaṃ. Cittagamanaṃ hi sīghaṃ hoti. Sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamatīti rūpakāyārammaṇena iddhicittena sahajātaṃ sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamatīti. Sesaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Idaṃ pana cittagamanameva hoti. Evaṃ adissamānena kāyena gacchanto panāyaṃ kiṃ tassa adhiṭṭhānacittassa uppādakkhaṇe gacchati, udāhu ṭhitikkhaṇe bhaṅgakkhaṇe vāti vutte tīsupi khaṇesu gacchatīti thero āha. Kiṃ pana so sayaṃ gacchati nimmitaṃ pesetīti. Yathāruci karoti. Idha panassa sayaṃ gamanameva āgataṃ.
緬 2.35已對照

「意所成(manomayaṃ)」者:由於以決意之意所化作,故為意所成。「諸根無缺(ahīnindriyaṃ)」者:這是就眼、耳等的形狀而說的;而化作之色中沒有所謂的淨色。「若那有神通者經行,化身也在那裡經行」等這一切,都是就弟子所化作的而說的。而佛所化作的,凡世尊所作的,它也作那個;依世尊的意願,也作其他的。而此中,凡那有神通者就住立在此處以天眼看見色、以天耳界聽見聲音、以他心智了知心,僅憑這些,並不[算]以身自在通行;凡他就住立在此處與那梵天共立、交談、進行討論,僅憑這些,也不[算]以身自在通行;凡他「對遠處也決意為近」等的決意,僅憑這些,也不[算]以身自在通行;凡他以可見的或不可見的身去梵天界,僅憑這些,也不[算]以身自在通行;而凡他依「在那梵天面前化作色」等方式達成所說的規定,僅憑這些,才名為以身自在通行。而此中其餘的,是為顯示以身自在通行的前分而說的。這暫且是決意神通。

Manomayanti adhiṭṭhānamanena nimmitattā manomayaṃ. Ahīnindriyanti idaṃ cakkhusotādīnaṃ saṇṭhānavasena vuttaṃ. Nimmitarūpe pana pasādo nāma natthi. Sace iddhimā caṅkamati nimmitopi tattha caṅkamatītiādi sabbaṃ sāvakanimmitaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Buddhanimmito pana yaṃ yaṃ bhagavā karoti, taṃ tampi karoti. Bhagavato rucivasena aññampi karotīti. Ettha ca yaṃ so iddhimā idheva ṭhito dibbena cakkhunā rūpaṃ passati, dibbāya sotadhātuyā saddaṃ suṇāti, cetopariyañāṇena cittaṃ pajānāti, na ettāvatā kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Yampi so idheva ṭhito tena brahmunā saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati sallapati sākacchaṃ samāpajjati, ettāvatāpi na kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Yampissa dūrepi santike adhiṭṭhātītiādikaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ, ettāvatāpi na kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Yampi so dissamānena vā adissamānena vā kāyena brahmalokaṃ gacchati, ettāvatāpi na kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Yañca kho so tassa brahmuno purato rūpaṃ abhinimminātītiādinā nayena vuttavidhānaṃ āpajjati, ettāvatā kāyena vasaṃ vatteti nāmaṃ. Sesaṃ panettha kāyena vasaṃ vattanāya pubbabhāgadassanatthaṃ vuttanti ayaṃ tāva adhiṭṭhānā iddhi.
398已對照

三百九十八、而變化[神變]與意所成[神變]的差別是這樣的。作變化者,首先,在如是所說的「他捨棄本來的容色,或顯現童子的容色,或顯現龍的容色,或顯現金翅鳥的容色,或顯現阿修羅的容色,或顯現因陀羅的容色,或顯現天的容色,或顯現梵天的容色,或顯現海的容色,或顯現山的容色,或顯現獅子的容色,或顯現虎的容色,或顯現豹的容色;也顯現象,也顯現馬,也顯現車,也顯現步兵,也顯現種種軍陣」(《無礙解道》3.13)童子的容色等之中,凡他所欲求的,應決意那個。而決意者應從以地遍等之中某一[遍]為所緣的、作為神通之基礎的禪那出[定],轉向自己童子的容色;轉向之後,在遍作結束時再入[定],出[定]後應決意:「我要成為如此這般的童子。」隨著決意心,他便成為童子,猶如提婆達多(《小品》333)。一切處都是此理。

398. Vikubbanāya pana manomayāya ca idaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ. Vikubbanaṃ tāva karontena ‘‘so pakativaṇṇaṃ vijahitvā kumārakavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, nāgavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, supaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, asuravaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, indavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, devavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, brahmavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, samuddavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, pabbatavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, sīhavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, byagghavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, dīpivaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, hatthimpi dasseti, assampi dasseti, rathampi dasseti, pattimpi dasseti, vividhampi senābyūhaṃ dassetī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.13) evaṃ vuttesu kumārakavaṇṇādīsu yaṃ yaṃ ākaṅkhati, taṃ taṃ adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Adhiṭṭhahantena ca pathavīkasiṇādīsu aññatarārammaṇato abhiññāpādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya attano kumārakavaṇṇo āvajjitabbo. Āvajjitvā parikammāvasāne puna samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya evarūpo nāma kumārako homīti adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Saha adhiṭṭhānacittena kumārako hoti devadatto viya (cūḷava. 333). Esa nayo sabbattha.
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而此中「也顯現象」等,是就也在外面顯現象等而說的。此中,不應決意「我成為象」,而應決意「願有象」;馬等也是此理。這是變化神通。

Hatthimpi dassetītiādi panettha bahiddhāpi hatthiādidassanavasena vuttaṃ. Tattha hatthī homīti anadhiṭṭhahitvā hatthī hotūti adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ, assādīsupi eseva nayoti. Ayaṃ vikubbanā iddhi.
399緬 2.36已對照

三百九十九、而欲作意所成[神變]者,從基礎禪出[定]後,首先轉向身,依所說的方式決意「願它成為中空的」,它便成為中空的。然後轉向它內部的另一個身,作了遍作,依所說的方式決意:「願在它內部有另一個身。」他把那[身]抽出,猶如從蒙迦草中[抽出]葦莖、從鞘中[拔出]劍、從蛇篋中[取出]蛇。因此說:「在此,比丘從此身化作出另一個身:有色、意所成、具足一切大小肢節、諸根無缺。猶如有人從蒙迦草中抽出葦莖,他會這樣想:『這是蒙迦草,這是葦莖;蒙迦草是一回事,葦莖是另一回事,葦莖正是從蒙迦草中抽出來的。』」等(《無礙解道》3.14)。而此中,這些譬喻是為顯示「猶如葦莖等與蒙迦草等相似,意所成色也正與有神通者相似」而說的。這是意所成神通。

399. Manomayaṃ kātukāmo pana pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya kāyaṃ tāva āvajjitvā vuttanayeneva susiro hotūti adhiṭṭhāti, susiro hoti. Athassa abbhantare aññaṃ kāyaṃ āvajjitvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhāti, tassa abbhantare añño kāyo hotūti. So taṃ muñjamhā īsikaṃ viya kosiyā asiṃ viya karaṇḍāya ahiṃ viya ca abbāhati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘idha bhikkhu imamhā kāyā aññaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimmināti rūpiṃ manomayaṃ sabbaṅgapaccaṅgiṃ ahīnindriyaṃ. Seyyathāpi puriso muñjamhā īsikaṃ pavāheyya, tassa evamassa ayaṃ muñjo ayaṃ īsikā, añño muñjo aññā īsikā, muñjamhātveva īsikā pavāḷhā’’tiādi (paṭi. ma. 3.14). Ettha ca yathā īsikādayo muñjādīhi sadisā honti, evaṃ manomayarūpaṃ iddhimatāsadisameva hotīti dassanatthaṃ etā upamā vuttāti. Ayaṃ manomayā iddhi.
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如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,

Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge
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名為〈神變的解說〉的

Iddhividhaniddeso nāma
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第十二章[終]。

Dvādasamo paricchedo.