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清淨道論·無色的解說 Āruppaniddeso

本經目錄十、無色的解說第一無色釋義識無邊處論無所有處論非想非非想處論雜論如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,於定的修習之部,名為〈無色的解說〉的第十章[終]。

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十、無色的解說

10. Āruppaniddeso
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第一無色釋義

Paṭhamāruppavaṇṇanā
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二百七十五、而在梵住之後所列舉的四無色中,首先想修習空無邊處者,依「確實可見,以色為因而有執杖、執刀、爭吵、爭執、諍論,而在無色中,這一切完全沒有。他如是省思之後,便為了唯對諸色的厭離、離貪、滅而行道」(《中部》2.103)這句話,依這些執杖等以及眼病、耳病等上千種病惱,見到所生色的過患,為超越它,就在除了限定虛空遍以外的地遍等九[遍]中的任何一種上生起第四禪。

275. Brahmavihārānantaraṃ uddiṭṭhesu pana catūsu āruppesu ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ tāva bhāvetukāmo ‘‘dissante kho pana rūpādhikaraṇaṃ daṇḍādānasatthādānakalahaviggahavivādā, natthi kho panetaṃ sabbaso āruppeti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya rūpānaṃyeva nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.103) vacanato etesaṃ daṇḍādānādīnañceva cakkhusotarogādīnañca ābādhasahassānaṃ vasena karajarūpe ādīnavaṃ disvā tassa samatikkamāya ṭhapetvā paricchinnākāsakasiṇaṃ navasu pathavīkasiṇādīsu aññatarasmiṃ catutthajjhānaṃ uppādeti.
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雖然他依色界第四禪已超越了所生色,然而由於遍色也正是它的相似者,所以他也想超越那[遍色]。怎樣呢?猶如怕蛇的人在林野中被蛇追趕,急速逃走之後,在逃到之處,看見畫有條紋的多羅葉,或藤蔓,或繩子,或龜裂的地上的裂縫,便恐懼、戰慄,根本不想看它。又猶如與作不利之事的怨敵之人同住一村的人,受他以殺害、捆綁、燒屋等侵擾,為了居住而去到別的村,在那裡也看見與怨敵形貌、聲音、舉止相同的人,便恐懼、戰慄,根本不想看他。

Tassa kiñcāpi rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānavasena karajarūpaṃ atikkantaṃ hoti, atha kho kasiṇarūpampi yasmā tappaṭibhāgameva, tasmā tampi samatikkamitukāmo hoti. Kathaṃ? Yathā ahibhīruko puriso araññe sappena anubaddho vegena palāyitvā palātaṭṭhāne lekhācittaṃ tālapaṇṇaṃ vā valliṃ vā rajjuṃ vā phalitāya vā pana pathaviyā phalitantaraṃ disvā bhāyateva uttasateva, neva naṃ dakkhitukāmo hoti. Yathā ca anatthakārinā veripurisena saddhiṃ ekagāme vasamāno puriso tena vadhabandhagehajhāpanādīhi upadduto aññaṃ gāmaṃ vasanatthāya gantvā tatrāpi verinā samānarūpasaddasamudācāraṃ purisaṃ disvā bhāyateva uttasateva, neva naṃ dakkhitukāmo hoti.
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此中,這是譬喻的配合:因為猶如那些人被蛇或怨敵侵擾之時,是比丘依所緣而具有所生色之時。猶如他們的急速逃走與前往別村,是比丘依色界第四禪超越所生色之時。猶如他們在逃到之處與別村,看見畫有條紋的多羅葉等以及與怨敵相似的人,而有恐懼、戰慄與不想看,是比丘觀察到「這遍色也正是它的相似者」之後,也想超越那[遍色]。此中也應知被野豬所擊的狗、怕畢舍遮者等的譬喻。

Tatridaṃ opammasaṃsandanaṃ – tesaṃ hi purisānaṃ ahinā verinā vā upaddutakālo viya bhikkhuno ārammaṇavasena karajarūpasamaṅgikālo. Tesaṃ vegena palāyanaaññagāmagamanāni viya bhikkhuno rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānavasena karajarūpasamatikkamanakālo. Tesaṃ palātaṭṭhāne ca aññagāme ca lekhācittatālapaṇṇādīni ceva verisadisaṃ purisañca disvā bhayasantāsaadassanakāmatā viya bhikkhuno kasiṇarūpampi tappaṭibhāgameva idanti sallakkhetvā tampi samatikkamitukāmatā. Sūkarābhihatasunakhapisācabhīrukādikāpi cettha upamā veditabbā.
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二百七十六、如是,他厭離那作為第四禪之所緣的遍色,想離開它,以五種行相得串習自在之後,從熟練的色界第四禪出起,見到那禪的過患:「它以我所厭離的色為所緣」,「它有喜悅為近敵」,「它比寂靜解脫粗」。而此中沒有支的粗性。因為正如這色[界禪]是二支的,諸無色也是如此。

276. Evaṃ so tasmā catutthajjhānassa ārammaṇabhūtā kasiṇarūpā nibbijja pakkamitukāmo pañcahākārehi ciṇṇavasī hutvā paguṇarūpāvacaracatutthajjhānato vuṭṭhāya tasmiṃ jhāne ‘‘imaṃ mayā nibbiṇṇaṃ rūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karotī’’ti ca, ‘‘āsannasomanassapaccatthika’’nti ca, ‘‘santavimokkhato oḷārika’’nti ca ādīnavaṃ passati. Aṅgoḷārikatā panettha natthi. Yatheva hetaṃ rūpaṃ duvaṅgikaṃ, evaṃ āruppānipīti.
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他在那裡如是見到過患之後,遍盡愛著,把空無邊處作意為寂靜、為無邊,把遍擴展到以輪圍為邊際,或者想要多大就[擴展]多大,對它所觸及之處,作意「虛空、虛空」或「虛空是無邊的」,而去除遍。因為去除時,既不像[卷]席子那樣捲起,也不像從鍋裡取出餅那樣拿起,而只是不轉向它、不作意[它]、不省察[它];不轉向、不作意、不省察,而專對它所觸及之處作意「虛空、虛空」,名為去除遍。而遍在被去除時,既不翻起,也不捲走,只是緣於他對它的不作意與「虛空、虛空」的作意,才名為被去除了,[此時]只顯現去除遍[後]的虛空。「去除遍[後]的虛空」也好,「遍所觸及之處」也好,「離遍的虛空」也好,這一切都是同一[物]。

So tattha evaṃ ādīnavaṃ disvā nikantiṃ pariyādāya ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ santato anantato manasikaritvā cakkavāḷapariyantaṃ vā yattakaṃ icchati tattakaṃ vā kasiṇaṃ pattharitvā tena phuṭṭhokāsaṃ ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti vā, ‘‘ananto ākāso’’ti vā manasikaronto ugghāṭeti kasiṇaṃ. Ugghāṭento hi neva kilañjaṃ viya saṃvelleti, na kapālato pūvaṃ viya uddharati, kevalaṃ pana taṃ neva āvajjeti, na manasi karoti, na paccavekkhati, anāvajjento amanasikaronto apaccavekkhanto ca aññadatthu tena phuṭṭhokāsaṃ ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti manasikaronto kasiṇaṃ ugghāṭeti nāma. Kasiṇampi ugghāṭiyamānaṃ neva ubbaṭṭati na vivaṭṭati, kevalaṃ imassa amanasikārañca ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti manasikārañca paṭicca ugghāṭitaṃ nāma hoti, kasiṇugghāṭimākāsamattaṃ paññāyati. Kasiṇugghāṭimākāsanti vā kasiṇaphuṭṭhokāsoti vā kasiṇavivittākāsanti vā sabbametaṃ ekameva.
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他對那去除遍[後]的虛空相,一再轉向「虛空、虛空」,使[它]被思所擊、被尋所擊。當他如是一再轉向、使[它]被思所擊、被尋所擊時,諸蓋被鎮伏,念住立,心以近行得定。他一再習行、修習、多作那相。當他如是一再轉向、作意時,猶如色界心於地遍等[安止],空無邊處心於虛空安止。因為在這裡,前分中的三個或四個速行也是欲界的、唯與舍受相應的;第四個或第五個是無色界的。其餘的與地遍中所說的方法相同。

So taṃ kasiṇugghāṭimākāsanimittaṃ ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti punappunaṃ āvajjeti, takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ karoti. Tassevaṃ punappunaṃ āvajjayato takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ karoto nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ punappunaṃ āvajjayato manasikaroto pathavīkasiṇādīsu rūpāvacaracittaṃ viya ākāse ākāsānañcāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Idhāpi hi purimabhāge tīṇi cattāri vā javanāni kāmāvacarāni upekkhāvedanāsampayuttāneva honti. Catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ vā arūpāvacaraṃ. Sesaṃ pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayameva.
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而這是差別:無色界心如是生起時,猶如有人以青色的布片,或黃、赤、白等中任一種布片,把車口、小門口、甕口等中的任何一個綁住而注視著,當布片被風力或別的任何[東西]移去時,就站著只注視著虛空;正是這樣,那比丘先前以禪眼注視著遍的圓盤而住,以「虛空、虛空」這遍作的作意,在那相忽然被移去時,就只注視著虛空而住。至此,他便被稱為「完全超越色想,有對想滅沒,不作意種種想,[知]『虛空是無邊的』,成就並住於空無邊處」(《分別論》508;《長部》2.129)。

Ayaṃ pana viseso, evaṃ uppanne arūpāvacaracitte so bhikkhu yathā nāma yānapputoḷi kumbhimukhādīnaṃ aññataraṃ nīlapilotikāya vā pītalohitodātādīnaṃ vā aññatarāya pilotikāya bandhitvā pekkhamāno puriso vātavegena vā aññena vā kenaci apanītāya pilotikāya ākāsaṃyeva pekkhamāno tiṭṭheyya, evameva pubbe kasiṇamaṇḍalaṃ jhānacakkhunā pekkhamāno viharitvā ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti iminā parikammamanasikārena sahasā apanīte tasmiṃ nimitte ākāsaññeva pekkhamāno viharati. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti vuccati (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129).
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二百七十七、此中,「完全(sabbaso)」者:即以一切行相,或者,即全部、無餘的,此是其義。「色想(rūpasaññānaṃ)」者:即以想為首而說的色界諸禪,以及它們的所緣。因為在「有色者見諸色」等處(《長部》2.129),色界禪也稱為「色」;在「見外諸色,美色的與醜色的」等處(《長部》2.173),它的所緣也[稱為「色」];所以此處,「於色的想為色想」,如是這是以想為首而說的色界禪的增語。它有色[作為]稱號(saññā),故為「色想」;即「色是它的名」,是所說的意思。應知這也是那分為地遍等的、它的所緣的增語。「超越(samatikkamā)」者:即由於離貪與滅。這說的是什麼?由於這些依善、異熟、唯作而有的十五種稱為禪的色想,以及這些依地遍等而有的九種稱為所緣的色想,以一切行相、或無餘地離貪與滅,[即]以離貪為因、以滅為因,成就並住於空無邊處。因為未完全超越色想者,是不能成就並住於這[空無邊處]的。

277. Tattha sabbasoti sabbākārena, sabbāsaṃ vā anavasesānanti attho. Rūpasaññānanti saññāsīsena vuttarūpāvacarajjhānānañceva tadārammaṇānañca. Rūpāvacarajjhānampi hi rūpanti vuccati ‘‘rūpī rūpāni passatī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.129), tassa ārammaṇampi ‘‘bahiddhā rūpāni passati suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.173), tasmā idha rūpe saññā rūpasaññāti evaṃ saññāsīsena vuttarūpāvacarajjhānassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Rūpaṃ saññā assāti rūpasaññaṃ. Rūpaṃ assa nāmanti vuttaṃ hoti. Pathavīkasiṇādibhedassa tadārammaṇassa cetaṃ adhivacananti veditabbaṃ. Samatikkamāti virāgā nirodhā ca. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Etāsaṃ kusalavipākakiriyavasena pañcadasannaṃ jhānasaṅkhātānaṃ rūpasaññānaṃ, etesañca pathavīkasiṇādivasena navannaṃ ārammaṇasaṅkhātānaṃ rūpasaññānaṃ sabbākārena anavasesānaṃ vā virāgā ca nirodhā ca virāgahetuñceva nirodhahetuñca ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Na hi sakkā sabbaso anatikkantarūpasaññena etaṃ upasampajja viharitunti.
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此中,由於對所緣未離貪者沒有想的超越,而在諸想已被超越時,所緣也就已被超越,所以在《分別論》中不說所緣的超越,而這樣只說了諸想的超越:「此中,什麼是色想?已入色界等至者、或已投生[色界]者、或現法樂住者的想、想知、已想知之性——這些稱為色想。他已越過、已超過、已超越這些色想。因此稱為『完全超越色想』。」(《分別論》602)然而,由於這些等至是應以所緣的超越而達到的,不像初禪等那樣在同一個所緣上,所以應知,這[裡]也依所緣的超越作了義釋。

Tattha yasmā ārammaṇe avirattassa saññāsamatikkamo na hoti, samatikkantāsu ca saññāsu ārammaṇaṃ samatikkantameva hoti. Tasmā ārammaṇasamatikkamaṃ avatvā ‘‘tattha katamā rūpasaññā? Rūpāvacarasamāpattiṃ samāpannassa vā upapannassa vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārissa vā saññā sañjānanā sañjānitattaṃ, imā vuccanti rūpasaññāyo. Imā rūpasaññāyo atikkanto hoti vītikkanto samatikkanto. Tena vuccati sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā’’ti (vibha. 602) evaṃ vibhaṅge saññānaṃyeva samatikkamo vutto. Yasmā pana ārammaṇasamatikkamena pattabbā etā samāpattiyo, na ekasmiññeva ārammaṇe paṭhamajjhānādīni viya. Tasmā ayaṃ ārammaṇasamatikkamavasenāpi atthavaṇṇanā katāti veditabbā.
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二百七十八、「有對想滅沒(paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā)」者:由眼等依處與色等所緣的撞擊而生起的想,為有對想。這是色想等的增語。即如所說:「此中,什麼是有對想?色想、聲想、香想、味想、所觸想——這些稱為有對想。」(《分別論》603)由於那五種善異熟、五種不善異熟——全部十種有對想的滅沒、舍斷、不生起,即使之不轉起,是所說的意思。

278. Paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamāti cakkhādīnaṃ vatthūnaṃ rūpādīnaṃ ārammaṇānañca paṭighātena samuppannā saññā paṭighasaññā. Rūpasaññādīnaṃ etamadhivacanaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘tattha katamā paṭighasaññā? Rūpasaññā saddasaññā gandhasaññā rasasaññā phoṭṭhabbasaññā, imā vuccanti paṭighasaññāyo’’ti (vibha. 603). Tāsaṃ kusalavipākānaṃ pañcannaṃ, akusalavipākānaṃ pañcannanti sabbaso dasannampi paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā pahānā asamuppādā appavattiṃ katvāti vuttaṃ hoti.
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誠然,這些[想]在已入初禪等者也是沒有的。因為在那時,心不依五門轉起。雖是如此,猶如在別處已斷的樂與苦[在]第四禪[中被說],又如有身見等[在]第三道[中被說],應知此處說這些[想],是為了對這禪生起努力,依贊嘆這禪[而說]的。

Kāmañcetā paṭhamajjhānādīni samāpannassāpi na santi. Na hi tasmiṃ samaye pañcadvāravasena cittaṃ pavattati. Evaṃ santepi aññattha pahīnānaṃ sukhadukkhānaṃ catutthajjhāne viya, sakkāyadiṭṭhādīnaṃ tatiyamagge viya ca imasmiṃ jhāne ussāhajananatthaṃ imassa jhānassa pasaṃsāvasena etāsamettha vacanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
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或者,雖然這些[想]在已入色界[禪]者也是沒有的,然而不是由於已斷而沒有。因為色界修習不導向對色的離貪,而這些[想]的轉起是依於色的。而這修習導向對色的離貪。所以可以說它們在這裡已斷。不僅可以這樣說,也可以一向如此確認。因為正由於它們在此之前未斷,世尊才說聲對已入初禪者是「刺」(《增支部》10.72)。而在這裡,正由於[它們]已斷,才說諸無色等至的不動性(《分別論》226)與寂靜解脫性(《中部》1.66)。又,阿羅邏·迦羅摩入無色等至時,約五百輛車挨著[他]一輛接一輛經過,他既沒看見,也沒聽到聲音(《長部》2.192)。

Atha vā kiñcāpi tā rūpāvacaraṃ samāpannassāpi na santi, atha kho na pahīnattā na santi. Na hi rūpavirāgāya rūpāvacarabhāvanā saṃvattati, rūpāyattā ca etāsaṃ pavatti. Ayaṃ pana bhāvanā rūpavirāgāya saṃvattati. Tasmā tā ettha pahīnāti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Na kevalañca vattuṃ, ekaṃseneva evaṃ dhāretumpi vaṭṭati. Tāsañhi ito pubbe appahīnattāyeva paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa saddo ‘‘kaṇṭako’’ti (a. ni. 10.72) vutto bhagavatā. Idha ca pahīnattāyeva arūpasamāpattīnaṃ āneñjatā (vibha. 226) santavimokkhatā (ma. ni. 1.66) ca vuttā. Āḷāro ca kālāmo arūpasamāpanno pañcamattāni sakaṭasatāni nissāya nissāya atikkamantāni neva addasa, na pana saddaṃ assosīti (dī. ni. 2.192).
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二百七十九、「不作意種種想(nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā)」者:即於種種的行境中轉起的諸想,或種種的諸想。因為在《分別論》中如是分別而說的「此中,什麼是種種想?未入定者、具有意界者或具有意識界者的想、想知、已想知之性——這些稱為種種想」(《分別論》604),此處所意指的這些未入定者的、為意界與意識界所攝的想,轉起於分為色、聲等的、種種的、種種自性的行境中;又由於這八種欲界善想、十二種不善想、十一種欲界善異熟想、兩種不善異熟想、十一種欲界唯作想,如是這四十四種想都是種種的、種種自性的、彼此不相似的,所以稱為種種想。由於對那些種種想完全不作意、不轉向、不專注、不省察。由於他不轉向它們、不作意[它們]、不省察[它們],所以——是所說的意思。

279. Nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārāti nānatte vā gocare pavattānaṃ saññānaṃ, nānattānaṃ vā saññānaṃ. Yasmā hi etā ‘‘tattha katamā nānattasaññā? Asamāpannassa manodhātusamaṅgissa vā manoviññāṇadhātusamaṅgissa vā saññā sañjānanā sañjānitattaṃ, imā vuccanti nānattasaññāyo’’ti evaṃ vibhaṅge (vibha. 604) vibhajitvā vuttā idha adhippetā asamāpannassa manodhātumanoviññāṇadhātusaṅgahitā saññā rūpasaddādibhede nānatte nānāsabhāve gocare pavattanti, yasmā cetā aṭṭha kāmāvacarakusalasaññā, dvādasākusalasaññā, ekādasa kāmāvacarakusalavipākasaññā, dve akusalavipākasaññā, ekādasa kāmāvacarakiriyasaññāti evaṃ catucattālīsampi saññā nānattā nānāsabhāvā aññamaññaṃ asadisā, tasmā nānattasaññāti vuttā. Tāsaṃ sabbaso nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā anāvajjanā asamannāhārā apaccavekkhaṇā. Yasmā tā nāvajjeti, na manasi karoti, na paccavekkhati, tasmāti vuttaṃ hoti.
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又由於此中前面的色想與有對想,即使在以這禪所生的有中也不存在,何況在那有中成就並住於這禪之時,所以對它們以「超越」「滅沒」兩種[說法]所說的都只是[它們的]不存在。而在種種想中,由於這八種欲界善想、九種唯作想、十種不善想——這二十七種想在以這禪所生的有中是存在的,所以應知對它們說「不作意」。因為即使在那裡,成就並住於這禪者,也正是由於不作意它們而成就並住;而作意它們時,他就是未入定者。

Yasmā cettha purimā rūpasaññā paṭighasaññā ca iminā jhānena nibbatte bhavepi na vijjanti. Pageva tasmiṃ bhave imaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharaṇakāle, tasmā tāsaṃ samatikkamā atthaṅgamāti dvedhāpi abhāvoyeva vutto. Nānattasaññāsu pana yasmā aṭṭha kāmāvacarakusalasaññā, nava kiriyasaññā, dasākusalasaññāti imā sattavīsatisaññā iminā jhānena nibbatte bhave vijjanti, tasmā tāsaṃ amanasikārāti vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Tatrāpi hi imaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharanto tāsaṃ amanasikārāyeva upasampajja viharati, tā pana manasikaronto asamāpanno hotīti.
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而此中簡略地說:應知以「超越色想」,說了一切色界法的舍斷;以「有對想滅沒,不作意種種想」,說了一切欲界心與心所的舍斷與不作意。

Saṅkhepato cettha rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamāti iminā sabbarūpāvacaradhammānaṃ pahānaṃ vuttaṃ. Paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārāti iminā sabbesaṃ kāmāvacaracittacetasikānaṃ pahānañca amanasikāro ca vuttoti veditabbo.
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二百八十、「虛空是無邊的(ananto ākāso)」此中:它的生起之邊或滅去之邊都不被了知,故為「無邊」。「虛空」稱為去除遍[後]的虛空。此中也應依作意而了知無邊性。正因此,在《分別論》中說:「他把心安置於那虛空,令[心]安住,遍滿無邊,因此稱為『虛空是無邊的』。」(《分別論》605)

而「成就並住於空無邊處(ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati)」此中:它沒有邊,故為「無邊(ananta)」;虛空是無邊的,[故為]「虛空無邊(ākāsānanta)」;虛空無邊正是「空無邊(ākāsānañca)」;那空無邊,依依處之義,是這連同相應法的禪的處(āyatana),猶如諸天的天處一般,故為「空無邊處(ākāsānañcāyatana)」。

「成就並住(upasampajja viharati)」者:即達到、成辦那空無邊處之後,以與之相應的威儀住而住。

這是關於空無邊處業處的詳說。

280. Ananto ākāsoti ettha nāssa uppādanto vā vayanto vā paññāyatīti ananto. Ākāsoti kasiṇugghāṭimākāso vuccati. Manasikāravasenāpi cettha anantatā veditabbā. Teneva vibhaṅge vuttaṃ ‘‘tasmiṃ ākāse cittaṃ ṭhapeti, saṇṭhapeti, anantaṃ pharati, tena vuccati ananto ākāso’’ti (vibha. 605).
Ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatīti ettha pana nāssa antoti anantaṃ, ākāsaṃ anantaṃ ākāsānantaṃ, ākāsānantameva ākāsānañcaṃ, taṃ ākāsānañcaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanamassa sasampayuttadhammassa jhānassa devānaṃ devāyatanamivāti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ.
Upasampajja viharatīti tamākāsānañcāyatanaṃ patvā nipphādetvā tadanurūpena iriyāpathavihārena viharatīti.
Ayaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.
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識無邊處論

Viññāṇañcāyatanakathā
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二百八十一、而想修習識無邊處者,應由於在空無邊處等至上以五種行相已得串習自在,見到空無邊處的過患:「這等至以鄰近的色界禪為敵,且不如識無邊處那樣寂靜」,遍盡對它的愛著,把識無邊處作意為寂靜,對那遍滿那虛空而轉起的識,一再轉向「識、識」,作意,省察,使[它]被思所擊、被尋所擊。但不應作意「無邊、無邊」。

281. Viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pañcahākārehi ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyaṃ ciṇṇavasībhāvena ‘‘āsannarūpāvacarajjhānapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpatti, no ca viññāṇañcāyatanamiva santā’’ti ākāsānañcāyatane ādīnavaṃ disvā tattha nikantiṃ pariyādāya viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ santato manasikaritvā taṃ ākāsaṃ pharitvā pavattaviññāṇaṃ ‘‘viññāṇaṃ viññāṇa’’nti punappunaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ, manasikātabbaṃ, paccavekkhitabbaṃ, takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ kātabbaṃ. ‘‘Anantaṃ ananta’’nti pana na manasikātabbaṃ.
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當他如是在那相上一再運轉心時,諸蓋被鎮伏,念住立,心以近行得定。他一再習行、修習、多作那相。當他如是作時,猶如空無邊處[心]於虛空[安止],識無邊處心於遍滿虛空的識上安止。而此中安止的方法,應依所說的方法了知。至此,他便被稱為「完全超越空無邊處,[知]『識是無邊的』,成就並住於識無邊處」(《分別論》508;《長部》2.129)。

Tassevaṃ tasmiṃ nimitte punappunaṃ cittaṃ cārentassa nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ karoto ākāse ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ viya ākāsaphuṭe viññāṇe viññāṇañcāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Appanānayo panettha vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129) vuccati.
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二百八十二、此中,「完全」這[一語],與所說的方法相同。而「超越空無邊處(ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma)」此中,依前面所說的方法,禪也是空無邊處,所緣也是。因為所緣也依前面的方法:它是空無邊,又由於是第一無色禪的所緣,猶如諸天的天處一般,依依處之義是處,故為「空無邊處」。同樣,它是空無邊,又由於是那禪的生起之因,猶如「劍浮沙是馬的出產地」等[語]一般,依生起之地的義是處,故也為「空無邊處」。如是,由於必須以令[它]不轉起與不作意[它],超越了禪與所緣這兩者,才能成就並住於這識無邊處,所以應知是把這兩者合為一而說了「超越空無邊處」這句。

「識是無邊的(anantaṃ viññāṇaṃ)」者:是說對那個如是以「虛空是無邊的」遍滿那[虛空]而轉起的識,如是作意「識是無邊的」。或者,依作意而為無邊。因為他無餘地作意那以虛空為所緣的識時,便作意為「無邊」。而《分別論》中所說的「『識是無邊的』:他作意那同一虛空為識所遍滿,遍滿無邊,因此稱為『識是無邊的』」(《分別論》610),

其中,「以識(viññāṇena)」應知是用於業格之義的具格。因為諸義注師如是解釋它的義:他作意那遍滿了那同一虛空的識,遍滿無邊——是所說的意思。

而「成就並住於識無邊處(viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati)」此中:它沒有邊,故為「無邊(ananta)」。無邊正是「無邊性(ānañca)」。識的無邊性,不說為「識無邊性(viññāṇānañca)」,而說為「識無邊(viññāṇañca)」,因為這在此是慣用語。那識無邊,依依處之義,是這連同相應法的禪的處,猶如諸天的天處一般,故為「識無邊處」。其餘的與前面相同。

這是關於識無邊處業處的詳說。

282. Tattha sabbasoti idaṃ vuttanayameva. Ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkammāti ettha pana pubbe vuttanayena jhānampi ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, ārammaṇampi. Ārammaṇampi hi purimanayeneva ākāsānañcañca taṃ paṭhamassa āruppajjhānassa ārammaṇattā devānaṃ devāyatanaṃ viya adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanañcāti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ. Tathā ākāsānañcañca taṃ tassa jhānassa sañjātihetuttā ‘‘kambojā assānaṃ āyatana’’ntiādīni viya sañjātidesaṭṭhena āyatanañcātipi ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ. Evametaṃ jhānañca ārammaṇañcāti ubhayampi appavattikaraṇena ca amanasikaraṇena ca samatikkamitvāva yasmā idaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihātabbaṃ, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā ‘‘ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkammā’’ti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
Anantaṃ viññāṇanti taṃyeva ananto ākāsoti evaṃ pharitvā pavattaviññāṇaṃ ‘‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’’nti evaṃ manasikarontoti vuttaṃ hoti. Manasikāravasena vā anantaṃ. So hi tamākāsārammaṇaṃ viññāṇaṃ anavasesato manasikaronto ‘‘ananta’’nti manasi karoti. Yaṃ pana vibhaṅge vuttaṃ ‘‘anantaṃ viññāṇanti, taṃyeva ākāsaṃ viññāṇena phuṭaṃ manasi karoti, anantaṃ pharati, tena vuccati anantaṃ viññāṇa’’nti (vibha. 610).
Tattha viññāṇenāti upayogatthe karaṇavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Evañhi aṭṭhakathācariyā tassa atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti, anantaṃ pharati taññeva ākāsaṃ phuṭaṃ viññāṇaṃ manasi karotīti vuttaṃ hoti.
Viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatīti ettha pana nāssa antoti anantaṃ. Anantameva ānañcaṃ. Viññāṇaṃ ānañcaṃ viññāṇānañcanti avatvā viññāṇañcanti vuttaṃ. Ayañhettha rūḷhīsaddo. Taṃ viññāṇañcaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanamassa sasampayuttadhammassa jhānassa devānaṃ devāyatanamivāti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ. Sesaṃ purimasadisamevāti.
Ayaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.
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無所有處論

Ākiñcaññāyatanakathā
283緬 1.327已對照

二百八十三、而欲修習無所有處者,以五種行相在識無邊處等至上成為串習自在者之後,見識無邊處的過患——「這等至以空無邊處為近敵,又不如無所有處那樣寂靜」——遍盡對它的愛著(nikanti),作意無所有處為寂靜,應當作意那作為識無邊處之所緣的同一空無邊處識的非有、空性、遠離之相。如何[作意]呢?不作意那識,而應一再地轉向、作意、省察「沒有,沒有」,或「空,空」,或「遠離,遠離」,應令[它]為思所擊、為尋所擊。

283. Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pañcahākārehi viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyaṃ ciṇṇavasībhāvena ‘‘āsannaākāsānañcāyatanapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpatti, no ca ākiñcaññāyatanamiva santā’’ti viññāṇañcāyatane ādīnavaṃ disvā tattha nikantiṃ pariyādāya ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ santato manasikaritvā tasseva viññāṇañcāyatanārammaṇabhūtassa ākāsānañcāyatanaviññāṇassa abhāvo suññatā vivittākāro manasikātabbo. Kathaṃ? Taṃ viññāṇaṃ amanasikaritvā ‘‘natthi natthī’’ti vā, ‘‘suññaṃ suñña’’nti vā, ‘‘vivittaṃ vivitta’’nti vā punappunaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ, manasikātabbaṃ, paccavekkhitabbaṃ, takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ kātabbaṃ.
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當他這樣於那相上運轉心時,諸蓋被鎮伏,念住立,心以近行而得定。他一再地串習、修習、多作那相。當他這樣作時,猶如於遍滿虛空的廣大識上[有]識無邊處[心安止]那樣,於那遍滿虛空而轉起的同一廣大識的空、遠離、無有之狀上,無所有處心便安止。而此中的安止之理趣,也應依所說的方法了知。

Tassevaṃ tasmiṃ nimitte cittaṃ cārentassa nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ karoto ākāse phuṭe mahaggataviññāṇe viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ viya tasseva ākāsaṃ pharitvā pavattassa mahaggataviññāṇassa suññavivittanatthibhāve ākiñcaññāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Etthāpi ca appanānayo vuttanayeneva veditabbo.
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而這是差別:因為當那安止心生起時,那位比丘——猶如有一個人,見比丘僧團為某件應作之事而集會於圓亭等處,便到別處去了;待集會的事務一結束、諸比丘起身離去之後,他回來站在門口,再看那地方,只見其空,只見其遠離;他不會這樣想:「有這麼多比丘或已命終,或已往他方去了」,而是隻見其無有之狀:「這裡是空的、遠離的」——同樣,他先前以識無邊處禪那之眼看著那於虛空中轉起的識而住,[如今]當那識以「沒有,沒有」等遍作作意而隱沒時,他便唯見稱為它之離去的非有而住。而到此為止,他被稱為「完全超越識無邊處,[知]『什麼都沒有』,成就並住於無所有處」(《分別論》508;《長部》2.129)。

Ayaṃ pana viseso, tasmiṃ hi appanācitte uppanne so bhikkhu yathā nāma puriso maṇḍalamāḷādīsu kenacideva karaṇīyena sannipatitaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ disvā katthaci gantvā sannipātakiccāvasāneva uṭṭhāya pakkantesu bhikkhūsu āgantvā dvāre ṭhatvā puna taṃ ṭhānaṃ olokento suññameva passati, vivittameva passati. Nāssa evaṃ hoti ‘‘ettakā nāma bhikkhū kālaṅkatā vā disāpakkantā vā’’ti, atha kho suññamidaṃ vivittanti natthibhāvameva passati, evameva pubbe ākāse pavattitaviññāṇaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanajjhānacakkhunā passanto viharitvā ‘‘natthi natthī’’tiādinā parikammamanasikārena antarahite tasmiṃ viññāṇe tassa apagamasaṅkhātaṃ abhāvameva passanto viharati. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma natthi kiñcīti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129) vuccati.
284緬 1.328已對照

二百八十四、此處「完全(sabbaso)」這[語],也與所說的方法相同。而在「識無邊處(viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ)」此中,也依前面所說的方法,禪那也是識無邊處,所緣也是識無邊處。因為所緣也依前面的方法,既是識無邊(viññāṇañca),又由於是第二無色禪那的所緣,猶如諸天的天處(devāyatana)一般,依所依處之義而為處(āyatana),故為「識無邊處」。同樣,它既是識無邊,又由於是那同一禪那的生起之因,猶如「劍浮沙是馬的出產地」等[語]一般,依生起之地之義而為處,故也是「識無邊處」。如是,這禪那與所緣二者,唯有以令其不轉起與不作意而超越之後,才應成就並住於這無所有處;所以應知,是把這二者合而為一,說了「超越識無邊處」這[語]。

「什麼都沒有(natthi kiñci)」者:即這樣作意「沒有,沒有」「空,空」「遠離,遠離」——是所說的意思。而《分別論》中所說的「『什麼都沒有』者:即令那同一識非有、令消除、令隱沒,見『什麼都沒有』,因此稱為『什麼都沒有』」,那[語]雖然說得猶如依滅盡而思擇(sammasana),然而它的義應正如是見。因為不轉向、不作意、不省察那識,唯作意它的無有之狀、空之狀、遠離之狀的人,被稱為「令[它]非有、令消除、令隱沒」,而非別樣。

而在「成就並住於無所有處(ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati)」此中,它沒有任何東西(kiñcana),故為「無所有(akiñcana)」——甚至連僅是壞[的剎那]也沒有剩餘,是所說的意思。無所有之性為「無所有性(ākiñcañña)」,這是空無邊處識之離去的增語。那無所有性,猶如諸天的天處一般,依所依處之義是這禪那的處,故為「無所有處」。其餘的唯與前面相似。

這是關於無所有處業處的詳說。

284. Idhāpi sabbasoti idaṃ vuttanayameva. Viññāṇañcāyatananti etthāpi ca pubbe vuttanayeneva jhānampi viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ ārammaṇampi. Ārammaṇampi hi purimanayeneva viññāṇañcañca taṃ dutiyassa āruppajjhānassa ārammaṇattā devānaṃ devāyatanaṃ viya adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanañcāti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ. Tathā viññāṇañcañca taṃ tasseva jhānassa sañjātihetuttā ‘‘kambojā assānaṃ āyatana’’ntiādīni viya sañjātidesaṭṭhena āyatanañcātipi viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ. Evametaṃ jhānañca ārammaṇañcāti ubhayampi appavattikaraṇena ca amanasikaraṇena ca samatikkamitvāva yasmā idaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihātabbaṃ, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkammāti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
Natthi kiñcīti natthi natthi, suññaṃ suññaṃ, vivittaṃ vivittanti evaṃ manasikarontoti vuttaṃ hoti. Yampi vibhaṅge vuttaṃ ‘‘natthi kiñcīti taññeva viññāṇaṃ abhāveti vibhāveti antaradhāpeti natthi kiñcīti passati, tena vuccati natthi kiñcī’’ti, taṃ kiñcāpi khayato sammasanaṃ viya vuttaṃ, atha khvassa evameva attho daṭṭhabbo. Tañhi viññāṇaṃ anāvajjento amanasikaronto apaccavekkhanto kevalamassa natthibhāvaṃ suññabhāvaṃ vivittabhāvameva manasikaronto abhāveti vibhāveti antaradhāpetīti vuccati, na aññathāti.
Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatīti ettha pana nāssa kiñcananti akiñcanaṃ, antamaso bhaṅgamattampi assa avasiṭṭhaṃ natthīti vuttaṃ hoti. Akiñcanassa bhāvo ākiñcaññaṃ, ākāsānañcāyatanaviññāṇāpagamassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Taṃ ākiñcaññaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanamassa jhānassa devānaṃ devāyatanamivāti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ. Sesaṃ purimasadisamevāti.
Ayaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.
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非想非非想處論

Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakathā
285緬 1.329已對照

二百八十五、而欲修習非想非非想處者,以五種行相在無所有處等至上成為串習自在者之後,或[見]「這等至以識無邊處為近敵,又不如非想非非想處那樣寂靜」,或[見]「想是病,想是癰,想是箭;這是寂靜的,這是殊勝的,即:非想非非想」——如是見了無所有處的過患與上[地]的功德利益之後,遍盡對無所有處的愛著,作意非想非非想處為寂靜,應一再地轉向、作意、省察「那以非有為所緣而轉起的無所有處等至,正是寂靜的、寂靜的」,應令[它]為思所擊、為尋所擊。

285. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pañcahākārehi ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyaṃ ciṇṇavasībhāvena ‘‘āsannaviññāṇañcāyatanapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpatti, no ca nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ viya santā’’ti vā ‘‘saññā rogo, saññā gaṇḍo, saññā sallaṃ, etaṃ santaṃ, etaṃ paṇītaṃ yadidaṃ nevasaññānāsaññā’’ti vā evaṃ ākiñcaññāyatane ādīnavaṃ, upari ānisaṃsañca disvā ākiñcaññāyatane nikantiṃ pariyādāya nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ santato manasikaritvā ‘‘sāva abhāvaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattitā ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpatti santā santā’’ti punappunaṃ āvajjitabbā, manasikātabbā, paccavekkhitabbā, takkāhatā vitakkāhatā kātabbā.
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當他這樣於那相上一再運轉意時,諸蓋被鎮伏,念住立,心以近行而得定。他一再地串習、修習、多作那相。當他這樣作時,猶如於識之離去上[有]無所有處[心安止]那樣,於稱為無所有處等至的四蘊上,非想非非想處心便安止。而此中的安止之理趣應依所說的方法了知。而到此為止,他被稱為「完全超越無所有處,成就並住於非想非非想處」(《分別論》508;《長部》2.129)。

Tassevaṃ tasmiṃ nimitte punappunaṃ mānasaṃ cārentassa nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ karoto viññāṇāpagame ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ viya ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattisaṅkhātesu catūsu khandhesu nevasaññānāsaññāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Appanānayo panettha vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129) vuccati.
286已對照

二百八十六、此處「完全(sabbaso)」這[語],也與所說的方法相同。而在「超越無所有處(ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma)」此中,也依前面所說的方法,禪那也是無所有處,所緣也是無所有處。因為所緣也依前面的方法,既是無所有(ākiñcañña),又由於是第三無色禪那的所緣,猶如諸天的天處一般,依所依處之義而為處,故為「無所有處」。同樣,它既是無所有,又由於是那同一禪那的生起之因,猶如「劍浮沙是馬的出產地」等[語]一般,依生起之地之義而為處,故也是「無所有處」。如是,這禪那與所緣二者,唯有以令其不轉起與不作意而超越之後,才應成就並住於這非想非非想處;所以應知,是把這二者合而為一,說了「超越無所有處」這[語]。

286. Idhāpi sabbasoti idaṃ vuttanayameva. Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkammāti etthāpi pubbe vuttanayeneva jhānampi ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ ārammaṇampi. Ārammaṇampi hi purimanayeneva ākiñcaññañca taṃ tatiyassa āruppajjhānassa ārammaṇattā devānaṃ devāyatanaṃ viya adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanañcāti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ. Tathā ākiñcaññañca taṃ tasseva jhānassa sañjātihetuttā kambojā assānaṃ āyatanantiādīni viya sañjātidesaṭṭhena āyatanañcātipi ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ. Evametaṃ jhānañca ārammaṇañcāti ubhayampi appavattikaraṇena ca amanasikaraṇena ca samatikkamitvāva yasmā idaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihātabbaṃ, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkammāti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
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而在「非想非非想處(nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ)」此中,[那禪那]是由於某種想的存在而被稱為「非想非非想處」的。為了先顯示如何行道者才有那想,《分別論》中舉出「非想非非想者(nevasaññīnāsaññī)」之後說:「他作意那同一無所有處為寂靜,修習行殘餘等至,因此稱為『非想非非想者』」(《分別論》619)。此中,「作意為寂靜(santato manasi karoti)」者:即[作意]「這等至真是寂靜啊,因為它竟連無有之狀也能作為所緣而住立」——如是由於所緣寂靜,作意它為「寂靜」。

Nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti ettha pana yāya saññāya bhāvato taṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti vuccati. Yathā paṭipannassa sā saññā hoti, taṃ tāva dassetuṃ vibhaṅge ‘‘nevasaññīnāsaññī’’ti uddharitvā ‘‘taññeva ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ santato manasi karoti, saṅkhārāvasesasamāpattiṃ bhāveti, tena vuccati nevasaññīnāsaññī’’ti (vibha. 619) vuttaṃ. Tattha santato manasi karotīti ‘‘santā vatāyaṃ samāpatti, yatra hi nāma natthibhāvampi ārammaṇaṃ karitvā ṭhassatī’’ti evaṃ santārammaṇatāya taṃ santāti manasi karoti.
緬 1.330已對照

若作意它為寂靜,如何會有超越呢?由於不欲入[那等至]。因為他雖然作意它為寂靜,然而他沒有「我將轉向它、入它、決意它、出它、省察它」這樣的關注、專注、作意。為什麼呢?由於非想非非想處比無所有處更寂靜、更殊勝。

Santato ce manasi karoti, kathaṃ samatikkamo hotīti? Asamāpajjitukāmatāya. So hi kiñcāpi taṃ santato manasi karoti, atha khvassa ‘‘ahametaṃ āvajjissāmi, samāpajjissāmi, adhiṭṭhahissāmi, vuṭṭhahissāmi, paccavekkhissāmī’’ti esa ābhogo samannāhāro manasikāro na hoti. Kasmā? Ākiñcaññāyatanato nevasaññānāsaññāyatanassa santatarapaṇītataratāya.
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猶如國王以大王威騎在殊勝的象背上,於城市街道上巡行時,見象牙匠等工匠們以一塊布緊緊地系作下衣、以一塊纏頭,肢體沾滿象牙粉等,正在做象牙製品等多種技藝,便[想]:「啊,這些師傅真熟練啊,竟能做出這樣的技藝」,如是因他們的熟練而歡喜,卻不會這樣想:「啊,願我捨棄王位,成為這樣的工匠」。那是什麼緣故呢?由於王位榮華的功德利益大。他唯是越過那些工匠而去。同樣,這[比丘]雖然作意那等至為寂靜,然而他全然沒有「我將轉向這等至、入它、決意它、出它、省察它」這樣的關注、專注、作意。

Yathā hi rājā mahacca rājānubhāvena hatthikkhandhavaragato nagaravīthiyaṃ vicaranto dantakārādayo sippike ekaṃ vatthaṃ daḷhaṃ nivāsetvā ekena sīsaṃ veṭhetvā dantacuṇṇādīhi samokiṇṇagatte anekāni dantavikatiādīni sippāni karonte disvā ‘‘aho vata re chekā ācariyā īdisānipi nāma sippāni karissantī’’ti evaṃ tesaṃ chekatāya tussati, na cassa evaṃ hoti ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ rajjaṃ pahāya evarūpo sippiko bhaveyya’’nti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Rajjasiriyā mahānisaṃsatāya. So sippino samatikkamitvāva gacchati. Evameva esa kiñcāpi taṃ samāpattiṃ santato manasi karoti, atha khvassa ‘‘ahametaṃ samāpattiṃ āvajjissāmi, samāpajjissāmi, adhiṭṭhahissāmi, vuṭṭhahissāmi, paccavekkhissāmī’’ti neva esa ābhogo samannāhāro manasikāro hoti.
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他作意它為寂靜時,依前面所說的方法,達到那極微細、已達安止的想;由於那[想],他名為「非想非非想者」,被稱為「修習行殘餘等至」。「行殘餘等至(saṅkhārāvasesasamāpattiṃ)」者:即諸行已達極微細之狀的第四無色等至。

So taṃ santato manasikaronto pubbe vuttanayena taṃ paramasukhumaṃ appanāppattaṃ saññaṃ pāpuṇāti, yāya nevasaññīnāsaññī nāma hoti, saṅkhārāvasesasamāpattiṃ bhāvetīti vuccati. Saṅkhārāvasesasamāpattinti accantasukhumabhāvappattasaṅkhāraṃ catutthāruppasamāpattiṃ.
287緬 1.331已對照

二百八十七、現在,為依實義顯示那依如是證得之想而被稱為「非想非非想處」的[法],[《分別論》]說:「『非想非非想處』者:即已入非想非非想處者、或已生[於彼]者、或現法樂住者的心與心所諸法」(《分別論》620)。其中,此處所意指的是已入[定]者的心與心所諸法。而此中的語義是:由於粗的想無有,又由於細的[想]存在,這連同相應諸法的禪那,既非有想,亦非無想,故為「非想非非想」。它既是非想非非想,又由於屬於意處與法處而是處,故為「非想非非想處」。或者,此中凡有的那想,由於不能作明瞭的想之作用,故是「非想」;由於以行殘餘的微細之狀而存在,故是「非非想」,故為「非想非非想」。它既是非想非非想,又依其餘諸法之所依處之義而是處,故為「非想非非想處」。

而此中不只是想如此,受也是非受非非受,心也是非心非非心,觸也是非觸非非觸;於其餘相應諸法也是這一理趣。而應知這教說是以想為首而作的。而此義應以塗缽之油等譬喻來闡明。

相傳,一位沙彌用油塗了缽後放著。到了喝粥時,長老對他說:「把缽拿來。」他說:「尊者,缽裡有油。」於是[長老]說:「沙彌,把油拿來,我要裝滿[油]筒。」他說:「尊者,沒有油。」此中,猶如由於[那油]是在內過了宿的,依與粥一同[受用]便成不許可之義,而有「有油」[之說];依裝滿[油]筒等,而有「沒有」[之說]。同樣,那想也由於不能作明瞭的想之作用而是「非想」,由於以行殘餘的微細之狀而存在而是「非非想」。

那麼,此中的想之作用是什麼呢?即認知所緣,以及成為觀的境而令厭離生起。因為猶如溫水中的火界[不能明瞭地作]燃燒的作用,這[想]也不能明瞭地作認知的作用。它也不能像其餘等至中的想那樣,成為觀的境而令厭離生起。因為對其餘諸蘊未作深入(abhinivesa)的比丘,能思擇非想非非想處的諸蘊而達到厭離的,是沒有的——除了具壽舍利弗。而本來修觀的大慧者,唯如舍利弗那樣的,或許能夠。他也唯依「諸法原來如是——未有而生,有已而沒」(《中部》3.95)這樣的聚思擇,而不是依逐法觀(anupadadhammavipassanā)。這等至已達到如此微細之狀。

而正如以塗缽之油喻,此義也應以路上之水喻來闡明。相傳,一位沙彌走在行路的長老前面,見到少許水,便說:「尊者,有水,請脫鞋。」於是長老說:「若有水,把浴衣拿來,我們要沐浴。」他說:「尊者,沒有。」此中,猶如依僅夠沾溼鞋子之義而有「有水」[之說],依沐浴之義而有「沒有」[之說];同樣,那[想]也由於不能作明瞭的想之作用而是「非想」,由於以行殘餘的微細之狀而存在而是「非非想」。

而不只是以這兩個[譬喻],也應以其他相應的譬喻來闡明此義。「成就並住於(upasampajja viharati)」這[語],與所說的方法相同。

這是關於非想非非想處業處的詳說。

287. Idāni yaṃ taṃ evamadhigatāya saññāya vasena nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti vuccati, taṃ atthato dassetuṃ ‘‘nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa vā upapannassa vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārissa vā cittacetasikā dhammā’’ti (vibha. 620) vuttaṃ. Tesu idha samāpannassa cittacetasikā dhammā adhippetā. Vacanattho panettha oḷārikāya saññāya abhāvato sukhumāya ca bhāvato nevassa sasampayuttadhammassa jhānassa saññā nāsaññanti nevasaññānāsaññaṃ. Nevasaññānāsaññañca taṃ manāyatanadhammāyatanapariyāpannattā āyatanañcāti nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ. Atha vā yāyamettha saññā, sā paṭusaññākiccaṃ kātuṃ asamatthatāya nevasaññā, saṅkhārāvasesasukhumabhāvena vijjamānattā nāsaññāti nevasaññānāsaññā. Nevasaññānāsaññā ca sā sesadhammānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanañcāti nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ.
Na kevalañcettha saññāva edisī, atha kho vedanāpi nevavedanānāvedanā, cittampi nevacittaṃnācittaṃ, phassopi nevaphassonāphasso. Esa nayo sesasampayuttadhammesu. Saññāsīsena panāyaṃ desanā katāti veditabbā. Pattamakkhanatelappabhutīhi ca upamāhi esa attho vibhāvetabbo.
Sāmaṇero kira telena pattaṃ makkhetvā ṭhapesi, taṃ yāgupānakāle thero pattamāharāti āha. So ‘‘patte telamatthi, bhante’’ti āha. Tato ‘‘āhara, sāmaṇera, telaṃ, nāḷiṃ pūressāmī’’ti vutte ‘‘natthi, bhante, tela’’nti āha. Tattha yathā antovutthattā yāguyā saddhiṃ akappiyaṭṭhena ‘‘telamatthī’’ti hoti. Nāḷipūraṇādīnaṃ vasena ‘‘natthī’’ti hoti. Evaṃ sāpi saññā paṭusaññākiccaṃ kātuṃ asamatthatāya nevasaññā, saṅkhārāvasesasukhumabhāvena vijjamānattā nāsaññā hoti.
Kiṃ panettha saññākiccanti? Ārammaṇasañjānanañceva vipassanāya ca visayabhāvaṃ upagantvā nibbidājananaṃ. Dahanakiccamiva hi sukhodake tejodhātu sañjānanakiccaṃ pesā paṭuṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti. Sesasamāpattīsu saññā viya vipassanāya visayabhāvaṃ upagantvā nibbidājananampi kātuṃ na sakkoti. Aññesu hi khandhesu akatābhiniveso bhikkhu nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakkhandhe sammasitvā nibbidaṃ pattuṃ samattho nāma natthi apica āyasmā sāriputto. Pakativipassako pana mahāpañño sāriputtasadisova sakkuṇeyya. Sopi ‘‘evaṃ kirime dhammā ahutvā sambhonti, hutvā paṭiventī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.95) evaṃ kalāpasammasanavaseneva, no anupadadhammavipassanāvasena. Evaṃ sukhumattaṃ gatā esā samāpatti.
Yathā ca pattamakkhanatelūpamāya, evaṃ maggudakūpamāyapi ayamattho vibhāvetabbo. Maggappaṭipannassa kira therassa purato gacchanto sāmaṇero thokaṃ udakaṃ disvā ‘‘udakaṃ, bhante, upāhanā omuñcathā’’ti āha. Tato therena ‘‘sace udakamatthi, āhara nhānasāṭikaṃ, nhāyissāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘natthi, bhante’’ti āha. Tattha yathā upāhanatemanamattaṭṭhena ‘‘udakamatthī’’ti hoti, nhāyanaṭṭhena ‘‘natthī’’ti hoti. Evampi sā paṭusaññākiccaṃ kātuṃ asamatthatāya nevasaññā, saṅkhārāvasesasukhumabhāvena vijjamānattā nāsaññā hoti.
Na kevalañca etāheva, aññāhipi anurūpāhi upamāhi esa attho vibhāvetabbo. Upasampajja viharatīti idaṃ vuttanayamevāti.
Ayaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.
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雜論

Pakiṇṇakakathā
288已對照

二百八十八、形貌無比的怙主,說那無色有四種;

288. Asadisarūpo nātho, āruppaṃ yaṃ catubbidhaṃ āha.
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如是知了它之後,關於它的雜論也應了知。

Taṃ iti ñatvā tasmiṃ, pakiṇṇakakathāpi viññeyyā.
289已對照

二百八十九、因為諸無色等至——

289. Āruppasamāpattiyo hi –
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由於所緣的超越,這四者都得以成立;

Ārammaṇātikkamato, catassopi bhavantimā;
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而它們的支的超越,明智者們不認許。

Aṅgātikkamametāsaṃ, na icchanti vibhāvino.
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因為在這些[等至]中,由於超越色相而有第一,由於超越虛空而有第二,由於超越於虛空中轉起的識而有第三,由於超越於虛空中轉起的識的離去而有第四——如是應知,這四種無色等至都完全由於超越所緣而成立。而智者們不認許它們有支的超越。因為它們中沒有像色界等至中那樣的支的超越。因為在這一切[無色等至]中,都只有舍與心一境性這兩個禪支。

Etāsu hi rūpanimittātikkamato paṭhamā, ākāsātikkamato dutiyā, ākāse pavattitaviññāṇātikkamato tatiyā. Ākāse pavattitaviññāṇassa apagamātikkamato catutthīti sabbathā ārammaṇātikkamato catassopi bhavantimā āruppasamāpattiyoti veditabbā. Aṅgātikkamaṃ pana etāsaṃ na icchanti paṇḍitā. Na hi rūpāvacarasamāpattīsu viya etāsu aṅgātikkamo atthi. Sabbāsupi hi etāsu upekkhā, cittekaggatāti dve eva jhānaṅgāni honti.
290已對照

二百九十、雖然如此——

290. Evaṃ santepi –
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此中後後[等至],都是更為極殊勝;

Suppaṇītatarā honti, pacchimā pacchimā idha;
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於此應知的譬喻,是樓層與衣布。

Upamā tattha viññeyyā, pāsādatalasāṭikā.
緬 1.333已對照

猶如在四層樓閣的最下層,依天界的舞、歌、樂、芳香、花鬘、飲食、臥具、衣服等,備有殊勝的五欲功德;在第二[層]比那更殊勝;在第三[層]比那更殊勝;在第四[層]一切中最殊勝。此中,雖然那四者都只是樓層,依樓層之性它們沒有差別,然而依五欲功德豐盛的差別,上上[層]比下下[層]更殊勝。

Yathā hi catubhūmikassa pāsādassa heṭṭhimatale dibbanaccagītavāditasurabhigandhamālābhojanasayanacchādanādivasena paṇītā pañcakāmaguṇā paccupaṭṭhitā assu. Dutiye tato paṇītatarā. Tatiye tato paṇītatarā. Catutthe sabbapaṇītatarā. Tattha kiñcāpi tāni cattāripi pāsādatalāneva, natthi nesaṃ pāsādatalabhāvena viseso. Pañcakāmaguṇasamiddhavisesena pana heṭṭhimato heṭṭhimato uparimaṃ uparimaṃ paṇītataraṃ hoti.
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又猶如有一位婦人,以[親手]紡成的粗線、細線、更細之線、最細之線,[織成]四波羅(pala)、三波羅、二波羅、一波羅的衣布,長與寬都相等。此中,那四塊衣布雖然長與寬都相等,依尺寸它們沒有差別,然而依觸感舒適、細軟之性、貴重之性,後後者比前前者更殊勝;同樣,在這四[等至]中,雖然都只有舍與心一境性這兩個支,然而由於修習的差別,它們的支以殊勝又更殊勝之性,此中後後[等至]都是更為極殊勝的——應如是知。

Yathā ca ekāya itthiyā kantitathūlasaṇhasaṇhatarasaṇhatamasuttānaṃ catupalatipaladvipalaekapalasāṭikā assu āyāmena ca vitthārena ca samappamāṇā. Tattha kiñcāpi tā sāṭikā catassopi āyāmato ca vitthārato ca samappamāṇā, natthi tāsaṃ pamāṇato viseso. Sukhasamphassasukhumabhāvamahagghabhāvehi pana purimāya purimāya pacchimā pacchimā paṇītatarā honti, evameva kiñcāpi catūsu etāsu upekkhā, cittekaggatāti etāni dveyeva aṅgāni honti, atha kho bhāvanāvisesena tesaṃ aṅgāni paṇītapaṇītatarabhāvena suppaṇītatarā honti pacchimā pacchimā idhāti veditabbā.
291已對照

二百九十一、而這些[等至]如是依次第一個比一個殊勝——

291. Evaṃ anupubbena paṇītapaṇītā cetā –
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一人攀附於不淨處的亭子,另一人依靠著他;

Asucimhi maṇḍape laggo, eko tannissito paro;
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又一人不依[他們]而在外,再一人依靠著那[在外者]。

Añño bahi anissāya, taṃ taṃ nissāya cāparo.
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依與依次站立的這四個人

Ṭhito catūhi etehi, purisehi yathākkamaṃ;
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相似之性,明智者應了知這四[等至]。

Samānatāya ñātabbā, catassopi vibhāvinā.
緬 1.334已對照

此中的義配如下:相傳在一個不淨之處有一座亭子。於是有一個人來了,厭惡那不淨,便用雙手攀住那亭子,攀附在那裡,猶如被掛著一般站著。於是另一個人來了,依靠那攀附在亭子上的人。於是又一個人來了,想:「這攀附在亭子上的人,以及那依靠他的人,這兩個人都站得不好;亭子倒塌時,他們必定跌落。好吧,我就站在外面。」他不依靠那依靠者,就站在外面。於是又一個人來了,想到攀附在亭子上的人與依靠他的人的不安穩,又認為站在外面的人站得好,便依靠他站著。此中,去除遍[後]的虛空應視為如不淨之處的亭子;由於厭惡色相而以虛空為所緣的空無邊處,應視為如由於厭惡不淨而攀附在亭子上的人;緣於以虛空為所緣的空無邊處而轉起的識無邊處,應視為如依靠攀附在亭子上之人的人;想到那二者的不安穩、不以空無邊處為所緣而以它的非有為所緣的無所有處,應視為如不依靠那攀附在亭子上[之人]而站在外面的人;緣於站在稱為識之非有的外面之處的無所有處而轉起的非想非非想處,應視為如想到攀附在亭子上[之人]與依靠他[之人]的不安穩,又認為站在外面的人站得好,便依靠他站著的人。

Tatrāyamatthayojanā – asucimhi kira dese eko maṇḍapo, atheko puriso āgantvā taṃ asuciṃ jigucchamāno taṃ maṇḍapaṃ hatthehi ālambitvā tattha laggo laggito viya aṭṭhāsi. Athāparo āgantvā taṃ maṇḍape laggaṃ purisaṃ nissito. Athañño āgantvā cintesi ‘‘yo esa maṇḍapalaggo, yo ca tannissito, ubhopete duṭṭhitā. Dhuvo ca nesaṃ maṇḍapapapāte pāto, handāhaṃ bahiyeva tiṭṭhāmī’’ti. So tannissitaṃ anissāya bahiyeva aṭṭhāsi. Athāparo āgantvā maṇḍapalaggassa ca tannissitassa ca akhemabhāvaṃ cintetvā bahiṭṭhitañca suṭṭhitoti mantvā taṃ nissāya aṭṭhāsi. Tattha asucimhi dese maṇḍapo viya kasiṇugghāṭimākāsaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, asucijigucchāya maṇḍapalaggo puriso viya rūpanimittajigucchāya ākāsārammaṇaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, maṇḍapalaggaṃ purisaṃ nissito viya ākāsārammaṇaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ ārabbha pavattaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ, tesaṃ dvinnampi akhemabhāvaṃ cintetvā anissāya taṃ maṇḍapalaggaṃ bahiṭṭhito viya ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ ārammaṇaṃ akatvā tadabhāvārammaṇaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ, maṇḍapalaggassa tannissitassa ca akhemataṃ cintetvā bahiṭṭhitañca suṭṭhitoti mantvā taṃ nissāya ṭhito viya viññāṇābhāvasaṅkhāte bahipadese ṭhitaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ ārabbha pavattaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.
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二百九十二、而如是轉起的[非想非非想處]——

292. Evaṃ pavattamānañca –
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由於別無[所緣],這[禪那]仍以那[無所有處]為所緣,

Ārammaṇaṃ karoteva, aññābhāvena taṃ idaṃ;
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猶如人們為了生計,[依附]即使已見其過失的國王。

Diṭṭhadosampi rājānaṃ, vuttihetu jano yathā.
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因為這非想非非想處,對那無所有處,雖然如是見了[它的]過失——「這等至以識無邊處為近敵」——由於沒有別的所緣,仍以它為所緣。猶如什麼呢?猶如人們為了生計,[依附]即使已見其過失的國王。因為猶如對某個不自制、身語意的行為粗暴、統領一切方的國王,雖然如是見了[他的]過失——「這[人]的行為粗暴」——人們在別處得不到生計,為了生計而依靠[他]過活;同樣,這非想非非想處,對那無所有處雖然已見[它的]過失,得不到別的所緣,仍以它為所緣。

Idañhi nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ ‘‘āsannaviññāṇañcāyatanapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpattī’’ti evaṃ diṭṭhadosampi taṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ aññassa ārammaṇassa abhāvā ārammaṇaṃ karoteva. Yathā kiṃ? Diṭṭhadosampi rājānaṃ vuttihetu yathā jano. Yathā hi asaṃyataṃ pharusakāyavacīmanosamācāraṃ kañci sabbadisampatiṃ rājānaṃ ‘‘pharusasamācāro aya’’nti evaṃ diṭṭhadosampi aññattha vuttiṃ alabhamāno jano vuttihetu nissāya vattati, evaṃ diṭṭhadosampi taṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ aññaṃ ārammaṇaṃ alabhamānamidaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoteva.
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二百九十三、而如是作[所緣]時——

293. Evaṃ kurumānañca –
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猶如登上長梯者倚靠梯的扶手,

Āruḷho dīghanisseṇiṃ, yathā nisseṇibāhukaṃ;
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又如登上山巔者倚靠山的頂端;

Pabbataggañca āruḷho, yathā pabbatamatthakaṃ.
緬 1.335已對照

或如登上山嶺者,唯以自己的膝蓋

Yathā vā girimārūḷho, attanoyeva jaṇṇukaṃ;
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為倚靠——同樣,這[禪那]倚靠[那]禪那而轉起。

Olubbhati tathevetaṃ, jhānamolubbha vattatīti.
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如是,在為令善人愉悅而造的《清淨道論》中,

Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge
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於定的修習之部,

Samādhibhāvanādhikāre
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名為〈無色的解說〉的

Āruppaniddeso nāma
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第十章[終]。

Dasamo paricchedo.