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相應部 · 道相應·無明品 1. Avijjāvaggo

本經目錄一、無明品一、無明經二、一半經三、舍利弗經四、生聞婆羅門經五、為了什麼目的經六、第一某比丘經七、第二某比丘經八、分別經九、芒刺經十、難提經無明品第一。

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一、無明品

1. Avijjāvaggo
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一、無明經

1. Avijjāsuttaṃ
1PTS 5.1緬 3.1已對照

一、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在舍衛城祇樹林給孤獨園。在那裡,世尊召喚諸比丘:“諸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘應諾世尊。世尊這樣說——

1. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
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“諸比丘,無明是諸不善法之進入的先導,伴隨無慚、無愧。諸比丘,對入於無明的、無知的[人],邪見生出;對有邪見者,邪思惟生出;對有邪思惟者,邪語生出;對有邪語者,邪業生出;對有邪業者,邪命生出;對有邪命者,邪精進生出;對有邪精進者,邪念生出;對有邪念者,邪定生出。

‘‘Avijjā, bhikkhave, pubbaṅgamā akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā, anvadeva [anudeva (sī. pī. ka.)] ahirikaṃ anottappaṃ. Avijjāgatassa, bhikkhave, aviddasuno micchādiṭṭhi pahoti; micchādiṭṭhissa micchāsaṅkappo pahoti; micchāsaṅkappassa micchāvācā pahoti; micchāvācassa micchākammanto pahoti; micchākammantassa micchāājīvo pahoti; micchāājīvassa micchāvāyāmo pahoti; micchāvāyāmassa micchāsati pahoti; micchāsatissa micchāsamādhi pahoti.
PTS 5.2緬 3.2已對照

“諸比丘,而明是諸善法之進入的先導,伴隨慚愧。諸比丘,對入於明的、有知的[人],正見生出;對有正見者,正思惟生出;對有正思惟者,正語生出;對有正語者,正業生出;對有正業者,正命生出;對有正命者,正精進生出;對有正精進者,正念生出;對有正念者,正定生出。”第一[經]。

‘‘Vijjā ca kho, bhikkhave, pubbaṅgamā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā, anvadeva hirottappaṃ. Vijjāgatassa, bhikkhave, viddasuno sammādiṭṭhi pahoti; sammādiṭṭhissa sammāsaṅkappo pahoti; sammāsaṅkappassa sammāvācā pahoti; sammāvācassa sammākammanto pahoti; sammākammantassa sammāājīvo pahoti; sammāājīvassa sammāvāyāmo pahoti; sammāvāyāmassa sammāsati pahoti; sammāsatissa sammāsamādhi pahotī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
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二、一半經

2. Upaḍḍhasuttaṃ
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二、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在釋迦[國],[有]一座名叫那伽羅迦(Nagaraka)的釋迦人市鎮。那時,具壽阿難來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具壽阿難對世尊這樣說——“尊者,這是梵行的一半,即:善友性、善伴性、善隨從性。”

2. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakyesu viharati nagarakaṃ nāma [nāgarakaṃ nāma (sī.), sakkaraṃ nāma (syā. ka.)] sakyānaṃ nigamo. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘upaḍḍhamidaṃ, bhante, brahmacariyaṃ, yadidaṃ – kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’ti.
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“阿難,不要這樣[說]!阿難,不要這樣[說]!阿難,這正是梵行的全部,即:善友性、善伴性、善隨從性。阿難,對身為善友者、善伴者、善隨從者的比丘,這[事]是可預期的——他將修習八支聖道,將多作八支聖道。

‘‘Mā hevaṃ, ānanda, mā hevaṃ, ānanda! Sakalamevidaṃ, ānanda, brahmacariyaṃ, yadidaṃ – kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā. Kalyāṇamittassetaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṃ kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa – ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvessati, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkarissati.
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“阿難,身為善友者、善伴者、善隨從者的比丘,如何修習八支聖道、多作八支聖道呢?阿難,在此,比丘修習依遠離、依離貪、依滅、成熟於舍遣的正見;修習依遠離……乃至……的正思惟;修習正語……乃至……修習正業……乃至……修習正命……乃至……修習正精進……乃至……修習正念……乃至……修習依遠離、依離貪、依滅、成熟於舍遣的正定。阿難,身為善友者、善伴者、善隨從者的比丘,就是這樣修習八支聖道、多作八支聖道。

‘‘Kathañcānanda, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāveti, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkaroti? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sammādiṭṭhiṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ; sammāsaṅkappaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ …pe… sammāvācaṃ bhāveti …pe… sammākammantaṃ bhāveti…pe… sammāājīvaṃ bhāveti…pe… sammāvāyāmaṃ bhāveti…pe… sammāsatiṃ bhāveti…pe… sammāsamādhiṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. Evaṃ kho, ānanda, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāveti, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkaroti.
PTS 5.3緬 3.3已對照

“阿難,也應當由這一方式了知這[事]:這正是梵行的全部,即:善友性、善伴性、善隨從性。阿難,因為依於我這善友,有生之法的眾生便從生中解脫,有老之法的眾生便從老中解脫,有死之法的眾生便從死中解脫,有愁、悲、苦、憂、惱之法的眾生便從愁、悲、苦、憂、惱中解脫。阿難,應當由這一方式了知這[事]:這正是梵行的全部,即:善友性、善伴性、善隨從性。”第二[經]。

‘‘Tadamināpetaṃ, ānanda, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā sakalamevidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, yadidaṃ – kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā. Mamañhi, ānanda, kalyāṇamittaṃ āgamma jātidhammā sattā jātiyā parimuccanti; jarādhammā sattā jarāya parimuccanti; maraṇadhammā sattā maraṇena parimuccanti; sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā sattā sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsehi parimuccanti. Iminā kho etaṃ, ānanda, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā sakalamevidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, yadidaṃ – kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
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三、舍利弗經

3. Sāriputtasuttaṃ
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三、因緣在舍衛城。那時,具壽舍利弗來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具壽舍利弗對世尊這樣說——“尊者,這是梵行的全部,即:善友性、善伴性、善隨從性。”

3. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sakalamidaṃ, bhante, brahmacariyaṃ, yadidaṃ – kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’ti.
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“善哉,善哉,舍利弗!舍利弗,這是梵行的全部,即:善友性、善伴性、善隨從性。舍利弗,對身為善友者、善伴者、善隨從者的比丘,這[事]是可預期的——他將修習八支聖道,將多作八支聖道。舍利弗,身為善友者、善伴者、善隨從者的比丘,如何修習八支聖道、多作八支聖道呢?

‘‘Sādhu sādhu, sāriputta! Sakalamidaṃ, sāriputta, brahmacariyaṃ, yadidaṃ – kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā. Kalyāṇamittassetaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṃ kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa – ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvessati, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkarissati. Kathañca, sāriputta, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāveti, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkaroti?
PTS 5.4已對照

“舍利弗,在此,比丘修習依遠離、依離貪、依滅、成熟於舍遣的正見……乃至……修習依遠離、依離貪、依滅、成熟於舍遣的正定。舍利弗,身為善友者、善伴者、善隨從者的比丘,就是這樣修習八支聖道、多作八支聖道。

‘‘Idha, sāriputta, bhikkhu sammādiṭṭhiṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ…pe… sammāsamādhiṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. Evaṃ kho, sāriputta, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāveti, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkaroti.
緬 3.4已對照

“舍利弗,也應當由這一方式了知這[事]:這是梵行的全部,即:善友性、善伴性、善隨從性。舍利弗,因為依於我這善友,有生之法的眾生便從生中解脫,有老之法的眾生便從老中解脫,有死之法的眾生便從死中解脫,有愁、悲、苦、憂、惱之法的眾生便從愁、悲、苦、憂、惱中解脫。舍利弗,應當由這一方式了知這[事]:這是梵行的全部,即:善友性、善伴性、善隨從性。”第三[經]。

‘‘Tadamināpetaṃ, sāriputta, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā sakalamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, yadidaṃ – kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā. Mamañhi, sāriputta, kalyāṇamittaṃ āgamma jātidhammā sattā jātiyā parimuccanti; jarādhammā sattā jarāya parimuccanti; maraṇadhammā sattā maraṇena parimuccanti; sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā sattā sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsehi parimuccanti. Iminā kho etaṃ, sāriputta, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā sakalamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, yadidaṃ – kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
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四、生聞婆羅門經

4. Jāṇussoṇibrāhmaṇasuttaṃ
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四、因緣在舍衛城。那時,具壽阿難在上午穿好[下衣],取了缽與衣,進入舍衛城乞食。具壽阿難看見生聞婆羅門乘著通體純白的母馬車從舍衛城出發。所繫的馬是白的,裝飾是白的,車是白的,圍障是白的,韁繩是白的,刺杖是白的,傘蓋是白的,頭巾是白的,衣服是白的,鞋履是白的,[他]被白色的拂塵扇著。人們看見那[車]後,這樣說——“諸君,這真是梵的乘啊!諸君,這真有梵乘之相啊!”

4. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho āyasmā ānando jāṇussoṇiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ sabbasetena vaḷavābhirathena [vaḷabhīrathena (sī.)] sāvatthiyā niyyāyantaṃ. Setā sudaṃ assā yuttā honti setālaṅkārā, seto ratho, setaparivāro, setā rasmiyo, setā patodalaṭṭhi, setaṃ chattaṃ, setaṃ uṇhīsaṃ, setāni vatthāni, setā upāhanā, setāya sudaṃ vālabījaniyā bījīyati. Tamenaṃ jano disvā evamāha – ‘‘brahmaṃ vata, bho, yānaṃ! Brahmayānarūpaṃ vata, bho’’ti!!
PTS 5.5已對照

那時,具壽阿難在舍衛城乞食之後,飯後從乞食處回來,來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具壽阿難對世尊這樣說——

Atha kho āyasmā ānando sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
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“尊者,在這裡,我在上午穿好[下衣],取了缽與衣,進入舍衛城乞食。尊者,我看見生聞婆羅門乘著通體純白的母馬車從舍衛城出發。所繫的馬是白的,裝飾是白的,車是白的,圍障是白的,韁繩是白的,刺杖是白的,傘蓋是白的,頭巾是白的,衣服是白的,鞋履是白的,[他]被白色的拂塵扇著。人們看見那[車]後,這樣說——‘諸君,這真是梵的乘啊!諸君,這真有梵乘之相啊!’尊者,在這法與律中,能施設梵乘嗎?”

‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ. Addasaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhante, jāṇussoṇiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ sabbasetena vaḷavābhirathena sāvatthiyā niyyāyantaṃ. Setā sudaṃ assā yuttā honti setālaṅkārā, seto ratho, setaparivāro, setā rasmiyo, setā patodalaṭṭhi, setaṃ chattaṃ, setaṃ uṇhīsaṃ, setāni vatthāni, setā upāhanā, setāya sudaṃ vālabījaniyā bījīyati. Tamenaṃ jano disvā evamāha – ‘brahmaṃ vata, bho, yānaṃ! Brahmayānarūpaṃ vata, bho’ti!! Sakkā nu kho, bhante, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye brahmayānaṃ paññāpetu’’nti?
緬 3.5已對照

“能,阿難。”世尊說——“阿難,這正是這八支聖道的增語——稱為‘梵乘’,也稱為‘法乘’,也稱為‘無上的戰勝’。”

‘‘Sakkā, ānandā’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘imasseva kho etaṃ, ānanda, ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa adhivacanaṃ – ‘brahmayānaṃ’ itipi, ‘dhammayānaṃ’ itipi, ‘anuttaro saṅgāmavijayo’ itipī’’ti.
PTS 5.6已對照

“阿難,正見若修習、多作,便以貪之調伏為終點,以瞋之調伏為終點,以痴之調伏為終點。阿難,正思惟若修習、多作,便以貪之調伏為終點,以瞋之調伏為終點,以痴之調伏為終點。阿難,正語若修習、多作,便以貪之調伏為終點,以瞋……乃至……以痴之調伏為終點。阿難,正業若修習、多作,便以貪之調伏為終點,以瞋……以痴之調伏為終點。阿難,正命若修習、多作,便以貪之調伏為終點,以瞋……以痴之調伏為終點。阿難,正精進若修習、多作,便以貪之調伏為終點,以瞋……以痴之調伏為終點。阿難,正念若修習、多作,便以貪之調伏為終點,以瞋……以痴之調伏為終點。阿難,正定若修習、多作,便以貪之調伏為終點,以瞋……以痴之調伏為終點。

‘‘Sammādiṭṭhi, ānanda, bhāvitā bahulīkatā rāgavinayapariyosānā hoti, dosavinayapariyosānā hoti, mohavinayapariyosānā hoti. Sammāsaṅkappo, ānanda, bhāvito bahulīkato rāgavinayapariyosāno hoti, dosavinayapariyosāno hoti, mohavinayapariyosāno hoti. Sammāvācā, ānanda, bhāvitā bahulīkatā rāgavinayapariyosānā hoti, dosa…pe… mohavinayapariyosānā hoti. Sammākammanto, ānanda, bhāvito bahulīkato rāgavinayapariyosāno hoti, dosa… mohavinayapariyosāno hoti. Sammāājīvo, ānanda, bhāvito bahulīkato rāgavinayapariyosāno hoti, dosa… mohavinayapariyosāno hoti. Sammāvāyāmo, ānanda, bhāvito bahulīkato rāgavinayapariyosāno hoti, dosa… mohavinayapariyosāno hoti. Sammāsati, ānanda, bhāvitā bahulīkatā rāgavinayapariyosānā hoti, dosa… mohavinayapariyosānā hoti. Sammāsamādhi, ānanda, bhāvito bahulīkato rāgavinayapariyosāno hoti, dosa… mohavinayapariyosāno hoti.
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“阿難,應當由這一方式了知這[事]:這正是這八支聖道的增語——稱為‘梵乘’,也稱為‘法乘’,也稱為‘無上的戰勝’。”世尊說了這[番話]。善逝說了這[番話]之後,導師又接著這樣說:

‘‘Iminā kho etaṃ, ānanda, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā imassevetaṃ ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa adhivacanaṃ – ‘brahmayānaṃ’ itipi, ‘dhammayānaṃ’ itipi, ‘anuttaro saṅgāmavijayo’ itipī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
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“凡[乘],其信與慧,[二]法常繫於軛;

‘‘Yassa saddhā ca paññā ca, dhammā yuttā sadā dhuraṃ;
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慚是轅杆,意是繩索,念是守護的御者。

Hirī īsā mano yottaṃ, sati ārakkhasārathi.
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“車以戒為裝飾,以禪為軸,以精進為輪;

‘‘Ratho sīlaparikkhāro, jhānakkho cakkavīriyo;
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舍是軛的平衡,無慾是圍障。

Upekkhā dhurasamādhi, anicchā parivāraṇaṃ.
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“無瞋恚、無害、遠離,是凡[乘者]的武器;

‘‘Abyāpādo avihiṃsā, viveko yassa āvudhaṃ;
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堪忍是皮甲,[它]導向瑜伽安穩。

Titikkhā cammasannāho [vammasannāho (sī.)], yogakkhemāya vattati.
緬 3.6已對照

“這在自身中生成,是無上的梵乘;

‘‘Etadattani sambhūtaṃ, brahmayānaṃ anuttaraṃ;
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堅固者們從世間出離,必定勝而又勝。”第四[經]。

Niyyanti dhīrā lokamhā, aññadatthu jayaṃ jaya’’nti. catutthaṃ;
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五、為了什麼目的經

5. Kimatthiyasuttaṃ
5已對照

五、因緣在舍衛城。那時,眾多比丘來到世尊之處……乃至……坐在一旁。坐在一旁的那些比丘對世尊這樣說——

5. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu…pe… ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ –
PTS 5.7已對照

“尊者,在這裡,其他外道的遊方者這樣問我們:‘賢友們,於沙門喬達摩[座下]修梵行是為了什麼目的?’尊者,被這樣問時,我們這樣解答那些其他外道的遊方者:‘賢友們,於世尊[座下]修梵行是為了遍知苦。’尊者,我們被這樣問時這樣解答,是否確是在轉述世尊所說的話,不以不實之事誹謗世尊,隨法而解說法,沒有任何如法的論說或隨論會招致可責難之處?”

‘‘Idha no, bhante, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā amhe evaṃ pucchanti – ‘kimatthiyaṃ, āvuso, samaṇe gotame brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhā mayaṃ, bhante, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākaroma – ‘dukkhassa kho, āvuso, pariññatthaṃ bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’ti. Kacci mayaṃ, bhante, evaṃ puṭṭhā evaṃ byākaramānā vuttavādino ceva bhagavato homa, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhāma, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaroma, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchatī’’ti?
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“諸比丘,你們被這樣問時這樣解答,確實是在轉述我所說的話,不以不實之事誹謗我,隨法而解說法,沒有任何如法的論說或隨論會招致可責難之處。因為於我[座下]修梵行正是為了遍知苦。諸比丘,若其他外道的遊方者這樣問你們:‘賢友們,那麼,有道、有行道可以遍知這苦嗎?’諸比丘,被這樣問時,你們應這樣解答那些其他外道的遊方者:‘賢友們,有道、有行道可以遍知這苦。’”

‘‘Taggha tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ puṭṭhā evaṃ byākaramānā vuttavādino ceva me hotha, na ca maṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhatha, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākarotha, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati. Dukkhassa hi pariññatthaṃ mayi brahmacariyaṃ vussati. Sace vo, bhikkhave, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ puccheyyuṃ – ‘atthi panāvuso, maggo, atthi paṭipadā etassa dukkhassa pariññāyā’ti, evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe, bhikkhave, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākareyyātha – ‘atthi kho, āvuso, maggo, atthi paṭipadā etassa dukkhassa pariññāyā’’’ti.
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“諸比丘,什麼是道、什麼是行道,可以遍知這苦呢?就是這八支聖道,即:正見……乃至……正定。諸比丘,這是道、這是行道,可以遍知這苦。諸比丘,被這樣問時,你們應這樣解答那些其他外道的遊方者。”第五[經]。

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, maggo, katamā paṭipadā etassa dukkhassa pariññāyāti? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo, ayaṃ paṭipadā etassa dukkhassa pariññāyāti. Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe, bhikkhave, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākareyyāthā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
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六、第一某比丘經

6. Paṭhamaaññatarabhikkhusuttaṃ
6緬 3.7已對照

六、因緣在舍衛城。那時,某位比丘來到世尊之處……乃至……坐在一旁的那位比丘對世尊這樣說——“尊者,人們說‘梵行、梵行’。尊者,什麼是梵行,什麼是梵行終點呢?”

6. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘brahmacariyaṃ, brahmacariya’nti, bhante, vuccati. Katamaṃ nu kho, bhante, brahmacariyaṃ, katamaṃ brahmacariyapariyosāna’’nti?
PTS 5.8已對照

“比丘,就是這八支聖道是梵行,即:正見……乃至……正定。比丘,凡貪盡、瞋盡、痴盡——這是梵行終點。”第六[經]。

‘‘Ayameva kho, bhikkhu, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo brahmacariyaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi. Yo kho, bhikkhu, rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo – idaṃ brahmacariyapariyosāna’’nti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
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七、第二某比丘經

7. Dutiyaaññatarabhikkhusuttaṃ
7已對照

七、因緣在舍衛城。那時,某位比丘來到世尊之處……乃至……坐在一旁的那位比丘對世尊這樣說——

7. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
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“尊者,人們說‘貪之調伏、瞋之調伏、痴之調伏’。尊者,這是什麼的增語——‘貪之調伏、瞋之調伏、痴之調伏’?”“比丘,這是涅槃界的增語——‘貪之調伏、瞋之調伏、痴之調伏’。以此稱為諸漏的滅盡。”

‘‘‘Rāgavinayo dosavinayo mohavinayo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kissa nu kho etaṃ, bhante, adhivacanaṃ – ‘rāgavinayo dosavinayo mohavinayo’’’ti? ‘‘Nibbānadhātuyā kho etaṃ, bhikkhu, adhivacanaṃ – ‘rāgavinayo dosavinayo mohavinayo’ti. Āsavānaṃ khayo tena vuccatī’’ti.
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這樣說時,那位比丘對世尊這樣說——“尊者,人們說‘不死、不死’。尊者,什麼是不死,什麼是導至不死之道呢?”“比丘,凡貪盡、瞋盡、痴盡——這稱為不死。就是這八支聖道是導至不死之道,即:正見……乃至……正定。”第七[經]。

Evaṃ vutte so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘amataṃ, amata’nti, bhante, vuccati. Katamaṃ nu kho, bhante, amataṃ, katamo amatagāmimaggo’’ti? ‘‘Yo kho, bhikkhu, rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo – idaṃ vuccati amataṃ. Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo amatagāmimaggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
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八、分別經

8. Vibhaṅgasuttaṃ
8已對照

八、因緣在舍衛城。“諸比丘,我要為你們說八支聖道,我要分別[它]。你們要諦聽,好好作意,我要說了。”“是的,尊者。”那些比丘應諾世尊。世尊這樣說——

8. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Ariyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ desessāmi vibhajissāmi. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
已對照

“諸比丘,什麼是八支聖道呢?即:正見……乃至……正定。

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo? Seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi.
PTS 5.9緬 3.8已對照

“諸比丘,什麼是正見呢?諸比丘,凡是對苦的智、對苦集的智、對苦滅的智、對導至苦滅之道的智——諸比丘,這稱為正見。

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dukkhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi.
已對照

“諸比丘,什麼是正思惟呢?諸比丘,凡是出離思惟、無瞋思惟、不害思惟——諸比丘,這稱為正思惟。

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo? Yo kho, bhikkhave, nekkhammasaṅkappo, abyāpādasaṅkappo, avihiṃsāsaṅkappo – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo.
已對照

“諸比丘,什麼是正語呢?諸比丘,凡是離虛妄語、離離間語、離粗惡語、離雜穢語——諸比丘,這稱為正語。

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammāvācā? Yā kho, bhikkhave, musāvādā veramaṇī, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāvācā.
已對照

“諸比丘,什麼是正業呢?諸比丘,凡是離殺生、離不與取、離非梵行——諸比丘,這稱為正業。

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammākammanto? Yā kho, bhikkhave, pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, abrahmacariyā veramaṇī – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammākammanto.
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“諸比丘,什麼是正命呢?諸比丘,在此,聖弟子舍斷邪命,以正命營生——諸比丘,這稱為正命。

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāājīvo? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako micchāājīvaṃ pahāya sammāājīvena jīvitaṃ kappeti – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāājīvo.
已對照

“諸比丘,什麼是正精進呢?諸比丘,在此,比丘為令未生的惡不善法不生,生起欲,努力,發起精進,策勵心,精勤;為舍斷已生的惡不善法,生起欲……乃至……為令未生的善法生起,生起欲……乃至……為令已生的善法住立、不忘失、增多、廣大、由修習而圓滿,生起欲,努力,發起精進,策勵心,精勤——諸比丘,這稱為正精進。

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti…pe… anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti…pe… uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo.
PTS 5.10已對照

“諸比丘,什麼是正念呢?諸比丘,在此,比丘於身隨觀身而住,熱勤、正知、具念,調伏世間的貪與憂;於諸受隨觀受而住,熱勤、正知、具念,調伏世間的貪與憂;於心隨觀心而住,熱勤、正知、具念,調伏世間的貪與憂;於諸法隨觀法而住,熱勤、正知、具念,調伏世間的貪與憂——諸比丘,這稱為正念。

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammāsati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsati.
緬 3.9已對照

“諸比丘,什麼是正定呢?諸比丘,在此,比丘已離諸欲,離諸不善法,有尋、有伺,離生喜、樂,成就並住於初禪。尋、伺寂止,內潔淨,心專一性,無尋、無伺,定生喜、樂,成就並住於第二禪。離喜,住於舍,具念與正知,以身受樂,正如聖者們所說的:‘舍、具念、樂住。’成就並住於第三禪。舍斷樂與舍斷苦,先前的喜、憂已經滅沒,不苦不樂,舍念清淨,成就並住於第四禪——諸比丘,這稱為正定。”第八[經]。

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
已對照

九、芒刺經

9. Sūkasuttaṃ
9已對照

九、因緣在舍衛城。“諸比丘,猶如稻芒或麥芒置得不正,被手或腳踩到時,會刺破手或腳、或令出血——這是不可能的。這是什麼緣故呢?諸比丘,由於芒刺置得不正。正是這樣,諸比丘,那比丘以置得不正的見、以置得不正的道的修習,將破除無明、生起明、作證涅槃——這是不可能的。這是什麼緣故呢?諸比丘,由於見置得不正。

9. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, sālisūkaṃ vā yavasūkaṃ vā micchāpaṇihitaṃ hatthena vā pādena vā akkantaṃ hatthaṃ vā pādaṃ vā bhindissati [bhecchati (ka.)], lohitaṃ vā uppādessatīti – netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Micchāpaṇihitattā, bhikkhave, sūkassa. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, so vata bhikkhu micchāpaṇihitāya diṭṭhiyā micchāpaṇihitāya maggabhāvanāya avijjaṃ bhindissati, vijjaṃ uppādessati, nibbānaṃ sacchikarissatīti – netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Micchāpaṇihitattā, bhikkhave, diṭṭhiyā.
PTS 5.11已對照

“諸比丘,猶如稻芒或麥芒置得端正,被手或腳踩到時,會刺破手或腳、或令出血——這是可能的。這是什麼緣故呢?諸比丘,由於芒刺置得端正。正是這樣,諸比丘,那比丘以置得端正的見、以置得端正的道的修習,將破除無明、生起明、作證涅槃——這是可能的。這是什麼緣故呢?諸比丘,由於見置得端正。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, sālisūkaṃ vā yavasūkaṃ vā sammāpaṇihitaṃ hatthena vā pādena vā akkantaṃ hatthaṃ vā pādaṃ vā bhindissati, lohitaṃ vā uppādessatīti – ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Sammāpaṇihitattā, bhikkhave, sūkassa. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, so vata bhikkhu sammāpaṇihitāya diṭṭhiyā sammāpaṇihitāya maggabhāvanāya avijjaṃ bhindissati, vijjaṃ uppādessati, nibbānaṃ sacchikarissatīti – ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Sammāpaṇihitattā, bhikkhave, diṭṭhiyā.
緬 3.10已對照

“諸比丘,比丘如何以置得端正的見、以置得端正的道的修習,破除無明、生起明、作證涅槃呢?諸比丘,在此,比丘修習依遠離、依離貪、依滅、成熟於舍遣的正見……乃至……修習依遠離、依離貪、依滅、成熟於舍遣的正定。諸比丘,比丘就是這樣以置得端正的見、以置得端正的道的修習,破除無明、生起明、作證涅槃。”第九[經]。

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sammāpaṇihitāya diṭṭhiyā sammāpaṇihitāya maggabhāvanāya avijjaṃ bhindati, vijjaṃ uppādeti, nibbānaṃ sacchikarotīti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sammādiṭṭhiṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ…pe… sammāsamādhiṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sammāpaṇihitāya diṭṭhiyā sammāpaṇihitāya maggabhāvanāya avijjaṃ bhindati, vijjaṃ uppādeti, nibbānaṃ sacchikarotī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
已對照

十、難提經

10. Nandiyasuttaṃ
10PTS 5.12已對照

十、因緣在舍衛城。那時,遊方者難提(Nandiya)來到世尊之處;到了之後,與世尊互相問候。互相問候、交談了一番愉快而值得憶念的話之後,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的遊方者難提對世尊這樣說——“喬達摩尊師,有多少法,若修習、多作,便趣向涅槃、以涅槃為歸趣、以涅槃為終點呢?”

“難提,有這八法,若修習、多作,便趣向涅槃、以涅槃為歸趣、以涅槃為終點。哪八[法]呢?即:正見……乃至……正定。難提,這八法若修習、多作,便趣向涅槃、以涅槃為歸趣、以涅槃為終點。”這樣說時,遊方者難提對世尊這樣說——“奇哉!喬達摩尊師,奇哉!喬達摩尊師……乃至……願喬達摩尊師憶持我為優婆塞,從今日起,終生皈依。”第十[經]。

10. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho nandiyo paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho nandiyo paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, bho gotama, dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā nibbānaṅgamā honti nibbānaparāyanā nibbānapariyosānā’’ti?
‘‘Aṭṭhime kho, nandiya, dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā nibbānaṅgamā honti nibbānaparāyanā nibbānapariyosānā. Katame aṭṭha? Seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi. Ime kho, nandiya, aṭṭha dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā nibbānaṅgamā honti nibbānaparāyanā nibbānapariyosānā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte nandiyo paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Dasamaṃ.
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無明品第一。

Avijjāvaggo paṭhamo.
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其攝頌——

無明與一半,舍利弗與婆羅門;

為了什麼目的與兩比丘,分別、芒刺與難提。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Avijjañca upaḍḍhañca, sāriputto ca brāhmaṇo;
Kimatthiyo ca dve bhikkhū, vibhaṅgo sūkanandiyāti.