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相應部 · 蘊相應·可食品 8. Khajjanīyavaggo

本經目錄八、可食品一、味著經二、集起經三、第二集起經四、阿羅漢經五、第二阿羅漢經六、獅子經七、可食經八、乞食經九、波利雷雅經十、滿月經可食品第八。

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八、可食品

8. Khajjanīyavaggo
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一、味著經

1. Assādasuttaṃ
73PTS 3.82已對照

七十三、因緣在舍衛城。“諸比丘,無聞凡夫不如實了知色的味著(assāda)、過患(ādīnava)與出離(nissaraṇa);不如實了知受……想……諸行……識的味著、過患與出離。諸比丘,而有聞的聖弟子如實了知色的味著、過患與出離;如實了知受……想……諸行……識的味著、過患與出離。”第一[經]。

73. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Assutavā, bhikkhave, puthujjano rūpassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Sutavā ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako rūpassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Vedanā … saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
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二、集起經

2. Samudayasuttaṃ
74緬 2.68已對照

七十四、因緣在舍衛城。“諸比丘,無聞凡夫不如實了知色的集起(samudaya)、滅沒(atthaṅgama)、味著、過患與出離;不如實了知受……想……諸行……識的集起、滅沒、味著、過患與出離。諸比丘,而有聞的聖弟子如實了知色的集起、滅沒、味著、過患與出離;如實了知受……想……諸行……識的集起、滅沒、味著、過患與出離。”第二[經]。

74. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Assutavā, bhikkhave, puthujjano rūpassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Sutavā ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako rūpassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
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三、第二集起經

3. Dutiyasamudayasuttaṃ
75已對照

七十五、因緣在舍衛城。“諸比丘,有聞的聖弟子如實了知色的集起、滅沒、味著、過患與出離;如實了知受……想……諸行……識的集起、滅沒、味著、過患與出離。”第三[經]。

75. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Sutavā, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako rūpassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
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四、阿羅漢經

4. Arahantasuttaṃ
76PTS 3.83緬 2.69已對照

七十六、因緣在舍衛城。“諸比丘,色是無常;凡無常的即是苦;凡苦的即是無我;凡無我的,那便是‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’——應當以正慧如實這樣見它。受……想……諸行……識是無常;凡無常的即是苦;凡苦的即是無我;凡無我的,那便是‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’——應當以正慧如實這樣見它。”

“諸比丘,這樣見時,有聞的聖弟子於色也厭離,於受也……於想也……於諸行也……於識也厭離;厭離而離貪,由離貪而解脫,於解脫便有‘已解脫’之智。他了知:‘生已盡,梵行已立,應作已作,再無後有。’諸比丘,凡眾生居有多少、有頂有多廣,於世間中,這些是最上者,這些是最勝者——即諸阿羅漢。”

世尊說了這[番話]。善逝說了這[番話]之後,導師又接著這樣說:

“諸阿羅漢確實是安樂的,他們的渴愛不存在;

我慢已被斷絕,痴網已被撕破。

“他們已證得不動,他們的心無濁;

他們於世間不染著,是成為梵者,是無漏者。

“遍知了五蘊,以七正法為行處;

值得稱讚的諸善士,是佛的諸胸生之子。

“具足七寶,於三學中已受學;

諸大雄隨處遊行,已斷怖畏與駭畏。

“具足十支,得定的諸大龍象;

他們確實是世間的最勝者,他們的渴愛不存在。

“無學之智已生起,這是最後的身軀;

凡是梵行的心材,他們於彼不依他緣。

“於諸慢類不動搖,已從再有中徹底解脫;

已達調伏之地,他們是世間的勝利者。

“上方、橫方、下方,他們的歡喜不存在;

他們作獅子吼,是世間無上的覺者。”

第四[經]。

76. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ’’.
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi… saññāyapi… saṅkhāresupi… viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattāvāsā, yāvatā bhavaggaṃ, ete aggā, ete seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ yadidaṃ arahanto’’ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Sukhino vata arahanto, taṇhā tesaṃ na vijjati;
Asmimāno samucchinno, mohajālaṃ padālitaṃ.
‘‘Anejaṃ te anuppattā, cittaṃ tesaṃ anāvilaṃ;
Loke anupalittā te, brahmabhūtā anāsavā.
‘‘Pañcakkhandhe pariññāya, satta saddhammagocarā;
Pasaṃsiyā sappurisā, puttā buddhassa orasā.
‘‘Sattaratanasampannā, tīsu sikkhāsu sikkhitā;
Anuvicaranti mahāvīrā, pahīnabhayabheravā.
‘‘Dasahaṅgehi sampannā, mahānāgā samāhitā;
Ete kho seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ, taṇhā tesaṃ na vijjati.
‘‘Asekhañāṇamuppannaṃ, antimoyaṃ [antimassa (ka.)] samussayo;
Yo sāro brahmacariyassa, tasmiṃ aparapaccayā.
‘‘Vidhāsu na vikampanti, vippamuttā punabbhavā;
Dantabhūmimanuppattā, te loke vijitāvino.
‘‘Uddhaṃ tiriyaṃ apācīnaṃ, nandī tesaṃ na vijjati;
Nadanti te sīhanādaṃ, buddhā loke anuttarā’’ti. catutthaṃ;
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五、第二阿羅漢經

5. Dutiyaarahantasuttaṃ
77已對照

七十七、因緣在舍衛城。“諸比丘,色是無常;凡無常的即是苦;凡苦的即是無我;凡無我的,那便是‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’……乃至……應當以正慧如實這樣見它。”

“諸比丘,這樣見時,有聞的聖弟子於色也厭離,於受也……於想也……於諸行也……於識也厭離;厭離而離貪,由離貪而解脫,於解脫便有‘已解脫’之智。他了知:‘生已盡,梵行已立,應作已作,再無後有。’諸比丘,凡眾生居有多少、有頂有多廣,於世間中,這些是最上者,這些是最勝者——即諸阿羅漢。”

第五[經]。

77. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti…pe… evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ’’.
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi… saññāyapi… saṅkhāresupi… viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattāvāsā, yāvatā bhavaggaṃ, ete aggā, ete seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ yadidaṃ arahanto’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
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六、獅子經

6. Sīhasuttaṃ
78PTS 3.85緬 2.70已對照

七十八、因緣在舍衛城。“諸比丘,獸王獅子在傍晚時從巢穴出來;從巢穴出來之後,伸展[身體];伸展之後,環顧周遍四方;環顧周遍四方之後,三度作獅子吼;三度作獅子吼之後,前往覓食。諸比丘,凡是畜生之類的生物,聽到獸王獅子吼叫的聲音,大多生起怖畏、悚懼、驚怖:穴居者進入洞穴,水居者進入水中,林居者進入林中,鳥類投向空中。諸比丘,那些在村落、市鎮、王都中被堅固的皮帶所繫縛的國王的諸象,它們也掙斷、扯破那些繫縛,驚恐地排出屎尿,四處奔逃。諸比丘,獸王獅子對於畜生之類的生物,就是這樣有大神通、這樣有大權勢、這樣有大威力。”

“諸比丘,同樣地,當如來出現於世間——阿羅漢、正等正覺者、明行具足、善逝、世間解、無上者、調御丈夫、天人導師、佛陀、世尊。他說法:‘這是色,這是色的集起,這是色的滅沒;這是受……這是想……這是諸行……這是識,這是識的集起,這是識的滅沒。’諸比丘,那些壽命長久、容色美好、多有安樂、久住於高大天宮中的諸天,他們聽了如來的說法之後,也大多生起怖畏、悚懼、驚怖:‘諸君,據說我們原是無常的,卻以為我們是常的;諸君,據說我們原是不堅固的,卻以為我們是堅固的;諸君,據說我們原是不常恆的,卻以為我們是常恆的。諸君,據說我們也是無常的、不堅固的、不常恆的、屬於有身的。’諸比丘,如來對於連同天界的世間,就是這樣有大神通、這樣有大權勢、這樣有大威力。”世尊說了這[番話]……乃至……導師又接著這樣說:

“當佛陀證知之後,轉起法輪,

[他是]連同天界之世間的無與倫比的導師;

“[他宣說]有身與[有身之]滅,以及有身之生起,

以及趣向苦之寂止的八支聖道。

“那些壽命長久、容色美好、具榮光的諸天,

也怖畏而陷入驚怖,猶如其餘諸獸[之於]獅子;

‘我們未超越有身,諸君,據說我們是無常的’——

[他們]聽聞了阿羅漢、已解脫的如如者的言語。”

第六[經]。

78. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Sīho, bhikkhave, migarājā sāyanhasamayaṃ āsayā nikkhamati; āsayā nikkhamitvā vijambhati; vijambhitvā samantā catuddisā anuviloketi; samantā catuddisā anuviloketvā tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ nadati; tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ naditvā gocarāya pakkamati. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā sīhassa migarañño nadato saddaṃ suṇanti; yebhuyyena bhayaṃ saṃvegaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjanti; bilaṃ bilāsayā pavisanti; dakaṃ dakāsayā pavisanti; vanaṃ vanāsayā pavisanti; ākāsaṃ pakkhino bhajanti. Yepi te, bhikkhave, rañño nāgā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu, daḷhehi varattehi baddhā, tepi tāni bandhanāni sañchinditvā sampadāletvā bhītā muttakarīsaṃ cajamānā [mocantā (pī. ka.)], yena vā tena vā palāyanti. Evaṃ mahiddhiko kho, bhikkhave, sīho migarājā tiracchānagatānaṃ pāṇānaṃ, evaṃ mahesakkho, evaṃ mahānubhāvo’’.
‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yadā tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So dhammaṃ deseti – ‘iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā… iti saññā… iti saṅkhārā… iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti. Yepi te, bhikkhave, devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā uccesu vimānesu ciraṭṭhitikā tepi tathāgatassa dhammadesanaṃ sutvā yebhuyyena bhayaṃ saṃvegaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjanti – ‘aniccāva kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā niccamhāti amaññimha. Addhuvāva kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā dhuvamhāti amaññimha. Asassatāva kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā sassatamhāti amaññimha. Mayampi kira, bho, aniccā addhuvā asassatā sakkāyapariyāpannā’ti. Evaṃ mahiddhiko kho, bhikkhave, tathāgato sadevakassa lokassa, evaṃ mahesakkho, evaṃ mahānubhāvo’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā…pe… etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Yadā buddho abhiññāya, dhammacakkaṃ pavattayi;
Sadevakassa lokassa, satthā appaṭipuggalo.
‘‘Sakkāyañca nirodhañca, sakkāyassa ca sambhavaṃ;
Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.
‘‘Yepi dīghāyukā devā, vaṇṇavanto yasassino;
Bhītā santāsamāpāduṃ, sīhassevitare migā.
Avītivattā sakkāyaṃ, aniccā kira bho mayaṃ;
Sutvā arahato vākyaṃ, vippamuttassa tādino’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
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七、可食經

7. Khajjanīyasuttaṃ
79已對照

七十九、因緣在舍衛城。“諸比丘,凡任何沙門或婆羅門,回憶許多種宿住(pubbenivāsa)時,他們所回憶的全都是五取蘊(pañcupādānakkhandhā),或其中的某一個。哪五個呢?‘於過去世,我曾為如是色者’——諸比丘,或這樣回憶時,他所回憶的唯是色。‘於過去世,我曾為如是受者’——諸比丘,或這樣回憶時,他所回憶的唯是受。‘於過去世,我曾為如是想者’……‘於過去世,我曾為如是行者’……‘於過去世,我曾為如是識者’——諸比丘,或這樣回憶時,他所回憶的唯是識。”

79. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussaramānā anussaranti sabbete pañcupādānakkhandhe anussaranti etesaṃ vā aññataraṃ. Katame pañca? ‘Evaṃrūpo ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, anussaramāno rūpaṃyeva anussarati. ‘Evaṃvedano ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, anussaramāno vedanaṃyeva anussarati. ‘Evaṃsañño ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti… ‘evaṃsaṅkhāro ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti… ‘evaṃviññāṇo ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, anussaramāno viññāṇameva anussarati’’.
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“諸比丘,你們為何說‘色’呢?諸比丘,正因為變壞(ruppati),所以稱為‘色’。以什麼而變壞呢?以寒也變壞,以熱也變壞,以飢也變壞,以渴也變壞,以虻、蚊、風、日曬、爬蟲之觸也變壞。諸比丘,正因為變壞,所以稱為‘色’。

‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ vadetha? Ruppatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘rūpa’nti vuccati. Kena ruppati? Sītenapi ruppati, uṇhenapi ruppati, jighacchāyapi ruppati, pipāsāyapi ruppati, ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassenapi [… siriṃsapasamphassenapi (sī. pī.)] ruppati. Ruppatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘rūpa’nti vuccati.
PTS 3.87已對照

“諸比丘,你們為何說‘受’呢?諸比丘,正因為感受(vedayati),所以稱為‘受’。感受什麼呢?也感受樂,也感受苦,也感受不苦不樂。諸比丘,正因為感受,所以稱為‘受’。

‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, vedanaṃ vadetha? Vedayatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘vedanā’ti vuccati. Kiñca vedayati? Sukhampi vedayati, dukkhampi vedayati, adukkhamasukhampi vedayati. Vedayatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘vedanā’ti vuccati.
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“諸比丘,你們為何說‘想’呢?諸比丘,正因為想知(sañjānāti),所以稱為‘想’。想知什麼呢?也想知青,也想知黃,也想知赤,也想知白。諸比丘,正因為想知,所以稱為‘想’。

‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, saññaṃ vadetha? Sañjānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saññā’ti vuccati. Kiñca sañjānāti? Nīlampi sañjānāti, pītakampi sañjānāti, lohitakampi sañjānāti, odātampi sañjānāti. Sañjānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saññā’ti vuccati.
緬 2.72已對照

“諸比丘,你們為何說‘諸行’呢?諸比丘,正因為造作有為(saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti),所以稱為‘諸行’。造作什麼有為呢?為了色性而造作有為之色,為了受性而造作有為之受,為了想性而造作有為之想,為了行性而造作有為之諸行,為了識性而造作有為之識。諸比丘,正因為造作有為,所以稱為‘諸行’。

‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, saṅkhāre vadetha? Saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharontīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saṅkhārā’ti vuccati. Kiñca saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti? Rūpaṃ rūpattāya [rūpatthāya (ka.)] saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, vedanaṃ vedanattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, saññaṃ saññattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, saṅkhāre saṅkhārattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, viññāṇaṃ viññāṇattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti. Saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharontīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saṅkhārā’ti vuccati.
已對照

“諸比丘,你們為何說‘識’呢?諸比丘,正因為識知(vijānāti),所以稱為‘識’。識知什麼呢?也識知酸,也識知苦,也識知辛,也識知甜,也識知鹼,也識知非鹼,也識知鹹,也識知非鹹。諸比丘,正因為識知,所以稱為‘識’。

‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ vadetha? Vijānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘viññāṇa’nti vuccati. Kiñca vijānāti? Ambilampi vijānāti, tittakampi vijānāti, kaṭukampi vijānāti, madhurampi vijānāti, khārikampi vijānāti, akhārikampi vijānāti, loṇikampi vijānāti, aloṇikampi vijānāti. Vijānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘viññāṇa’nti vuccati.
已對照

“諸比丘,此中,有聞的聖弟子這樣思察:‘我如今被色所食(khajjāmi)。於過去世,我也正是這樣被色所食,猶如如今被現在的色所食一樣。而若我歡喜未來的色,於未來世,我也會正是這樣被色所食,猶如如今被現在的色所食一樣。’他這樣省思之後,於過去的色無所顧戀;不歡喜未來的色;為了對現在的色的厭離、離貪、滅而行道。

‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ kho etarahi rūpena khajjāmi. Atītampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva rūpena khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena rūpena khajjāmi. Ahañceva kho pana anāgataṃ rūpaṃ abhinandeyyaṃ, anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva rūpena khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena rūpena khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītasmiṃ rūpasmiṃ anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ rūpaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa rūpassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
PTS 3.88已對照

“‘我如今被受所食。於過去世,我也正是這樣被受所食,猶如如今被現在的受所食一樣。而若我歡喜未來的受,於未來世,我也會正是這樣被受所食,猶如如今被現在的受所食一樣。’他這樣省思之後,於過去的受無所顧戀;不歡喜未來的受;為了對現在的受的厭離、離貪、滅而行道。

‘‘‘Ahaṃ kho etarahi vedanāya khajjāmi. Atītampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva vedanāya khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannāya vedanāya khajjāmi. Ahañceva kho pana anāgataṃ vedanaṃ abhinandeyyaṃ; anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva vedanāya khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannāya vedanāya khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītāya vedanāya anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ vedanaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannāya vedanāya nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
緬 2.73已對照

“‘我如今被想所食……乃至……我如今被諸行所食。於過去世,我也正是這樣被諸行所食,猶如如今被現在的諸行所食一樣。而若我歡喜未來的諸行,於未來世,我也會正是這樣被諸行所食,猶如如今被現在的諸行所食一樣。’他這樣省思之後,於過去的諸行無所顧戀;不歡喜未來的諸行;為了對現在的諸行的厭離、離貪、滅而行道。

‘‘‘Ahaṃ kho etarahi saññāya khajjāmi…pe… ahaṃ kho etarahi saṅkhārehi khajjāmi. Atītampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva saṅkhārehi khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannehi saṅkhārehi khajjāmīti. Ahañceva kho pana anāgate saṅkhāre abhinandeyyaṃ; anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva saṅkhārehi khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannehi saṅkhārehi khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītesu saṅkhāresu anapekkho hoti; anāgate saṅkhāre nābhinandati; paccuppannānaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
已對照

“‘我如今被識所食。於過去世也正是這樣被識所食,猶如如今被現在的識所食一樣。而若我歡喜未來的識,於未來世,我也會正是這樣被識所食,猶如如今被現在的識所食一樣。’他這樣省思之後,於過去的識無所顧戀;不歡喜未來的識;為了對現在的識的厭離、離貪、滅而行道。

‘‘‘Ahaṃ kho etarahi viññāṇena khajjāmi. Atītampi addhānaṃ evameva viññāṇena khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena viññāṇena khajjāmi. Ahañceva kho pana anāgataṃ viññāṇaṃ abhinandeyyaṃ; anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva viññāṇena khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena viññāṇena khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītasmiṃ viññāṇasmiṃ anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ viññāṇaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa viññāṇassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
PTS 3.89已對照

“諸比丘,你們認為怎樣,色是常還是無常?”“無常,尊者。”“而那無常的,是苦還是樂?”“是苦,尊者。”“而那無常、苦、變易之法的,適宜這樣觀它——‘這是我的、這是我、這是我的自我’——嗎?”“不適宜,尊者。”“受……想……諸行……識是常還是無常?”“無常,尊者。”“而那無常的,是苦還是樂?”“是苦,尊者。”“而那無常、苦、變易之法的,適宜這樣觀它——‘這是我的、這是我、這是我的自我’——嗎?”“不適宜,尊者。”“因此,諸比丘,凡任何色,無論過去、未來、現在,內或外,粗或細,劣或勝,遠或近,一切色都是‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’——應當以正慧如實這樣見它。凡任何受……凡任何想……凡任何諸行……凡任何識,無論過去、未來、現在……乃至……遠或近,一切識都是‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’——應當以正慧如實這樣見它。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā … saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ rūpaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yā kāci vedanā… yā kāci saññā… ye keci saṅkhārā… yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ…pe… yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ viññāṇaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ’’.
PTS 3.90緬 2.74已對照

“諸比丘,這稱為:聖弟子損減(apacināti)而不積集(ācināti);斷除(pajahati)而不執取(upādiyati);散開(visineti)而不堆聚(ussineti);熄滅(vidhūpeti)而不點燃(sandhūpeti)。損減什麼而不積集?損減色而不積集;損減受……想……諸行……識而不積集。斷除什麼而不執取?斷除色而不執取;斷除受……想……諸行……識而不執取。散開什麼而不堆聚?散開色而不堆聚;散開受……想……諸行……識而不堆聚。熄滅什麼而不點燃?熄滅色而不點燃;熄滅受……想……諸行……識而不點燃。

‘‘Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako apacināti, no ācināti; pajahati [no (sī.)], na upādiyati; visineti [no (sī.)], na ussineti; vidhūpeti [no (sī.)], na sandhūpeti. Kiñca apacināti, no ācināti? Rūpaṃ apacināti, no ācināti; vedanaṃ … saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ apacināti, no ācināti. Kiñca pajahati, na upādiyati? Rūpaṃ pajahati, na upādiyati; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ pajahati, na upādiyati. Kiñca visineti, na ussineti? Rūpaṃ visineti, na ussineti; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ visineti, na ussineti. Kiñca vidhūpeti, na sandhūpeti? Rūpaṃ vidhūpeti, na sandhūpeti; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ vidhūpeti, na sandhūpeti.
已對照

“諸比丘,這樣見時,有聞的聖弟子於色也厭離,於受也……於想也……於諸行也……於識也厭離。由厭離而離貪;由離貪而解脫。於解脫便有‘已解脫’之智。他了知:‘生已盡,梵行已立,應作已作,再無後有。’

‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi… saññāyapi… saṅkhāresupi… viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti.
已對照

“諸比丘,這稱為:比丘既不積集也不損減,[而是]損減了而住立;既不斷除也不執取,[而是]斷除了而住立;既不散開也不堆聚,[而是]散開了而住立;既不熄滅也不點燃,[而是]熄滅了而住立。對什麼既不積集也不損減,[而是]損減了而住立?對色既不積集也不損減,[而是]損減了而住立;對受……想……諸行……識既不積集也不損減,[而是]損減了而住立。對什麼既不斷除也不執取,[而是]斷除了而住立?對色既不斷除也不執取,[而是]斷除了而住立;對受……想……諸行……識既不斷除也不執取,[而是]斷除了而住立。對什麼既不散開也不堆聚,[而是]散開了而住立?對色既不散開也不堆聚,[而是]散開了而住立;對受……想……諸行……識既不散開也不堆聚,[而是]散開了而住立。對什麼既不熄滅也不點燃,[而是]熄滅了而住立?對色既不熄滅也不點燃,[而是]熄滅了而住立;對受……想……諸行……識既不熄滅也不點燃,[而是]熄滅了而住立。諸比丘,對這樣心已解脫的比丘,有帝釋的、有梵天的、有生主的諸天(saindā devā sabrahmakā sapajāpatikā),即使在遠處也禮敬——

‘‘Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nevācināti na apacināti, apacinitvā ṭhito neva pajahati na upādiyati, pajahitvā ṭhito neva visineti na ussineti, visinetvā ṭhito neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti. Vidhūpetvā ṭhito kiñca nevācināti na apacināti? Apacinitvā ṭhito rūpaṃ nevācināti na apacināti; apacinitvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ nevācināti na apacināti. Apacinitvā ṭhito kiñca neva pajahati na upādiyati? Pajahitvā ṭhito rūpaṃ neva pajahati na upādiyati; pajahitvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ neva pajahati na upādiyati. Pajahitvā ṭhito kiñca neva visineti na ussineti? Visinetvā ṭhito rūpaṃ neva visineti na ussineti; visinetvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ neva visineti na ussineti. Visinetvā ṭhito kiñca neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti? Vidhūpetvā ṭhito rūpaṃ neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti; vidhūpetvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti. Vidhūpetvā ṭhito evaṃvimuttacittaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ saindā devā sabrahmakā sapajāpatikā ārakāva namassanti –
PTS 3.91已對照

‘禮敬您,人中良駿!禮敬您,人中最上者!

‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
已對照

對您,我們不能證知:您依止什麼而禪修。’”第七[經]。

Yassa te nābhijānāma, yampi nissāya jhāyasī’’ti. sattamaṃ;
已對照

八、乞食經

8. Piṇḍolyasuttaṃ
80緬 2.75已對照

八十、一時,世尊住在釋迦[國]迦毘羅衛(Kapilavatthu)的尼拘陀園(Nigrodhārāma)。那時,世尊因某一事由(pakaraṇa)遣退了比丘僧團,於上午著衣持缽與衣,為行乞而入迦毘羅衛。在迦毘羅衛行乞、食後從行乞歸來,便往大林(Mahāvana)去,為度日間。入了大林,在木蘋果樹苗(Beluvalaṭṭhikā)下為度日間而坐。

80. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Atha kho bhagavā kismiñcideva pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇāmetvā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kapilavatthuṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Kapilavatthusmiṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena mahāvanaṃ tenupasaṅkami divāvihārāya. Mahāvanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā beluvalaṭṭhikāya mūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.
已對照

那時,世尊獨處靜坐時,心中生起了這樣的思慮:‘比丘僧團已被我驅遣了。此中有比丘是新學的、出家不久的、新近來到這法與律的。他們見不到我時,或會有變異,或會有變易。猶如幼小的犢子見不到母親時,或會有變異,或會有變易;正是這樣,此中有比丘是新學的、出家不久的、新近來到這法與律的,他們見不到我時,或會有變異,或會有變易。猶如幼嫩的種子得不到水時,或會有變異,或會有變易;正是這樣,此中……乃至……他們得不到見我時,或會有變異,或會有變易。我何不正如從前比丘僧團被我所攝益那樣,如今也同樣攝益比丘僧團呢?’

Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘mayā kho bhikkhusaṅgho pabāḷho. Santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ. Tesaṃ mamaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ tesaṃ mamaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha…pe… tesaṃ mamaṃ alabhantānaṃ dassanāya siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yatheva mayā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito, evameva etarahi anuggaṇheyyaṃ bhikkhusaṅgha’’nti.
PTS 3.92緬 2.76已對照

那時,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)以心了知世尊心中的思慮,便猶如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那樣,從梵天界隱沒,出現在世尊面前。那時,娑婆主梵天把上衣偏袒一肩,向世尊合掌,對世尊這樣說:“正是這樣,世尊;正是這樣,善逝!尊者,世尊的比丘僧團已被驅遣了。此中有比丘是新學的、出家不久的、新近來到這法與律的。他們見不到世尊時,或會有變異,或會有變易。猶如幼小的犢子見不到母親時,或會有變異,或會有變易;正是這樣,此中有比丘是新學的、出家不久的、新近來到這法與律的,他們見不到世尊時,或會有變異,或會有變易。猶如幼嫩的種子得不到水時,或會有變異,或會有變易;正是這樣,此中有比丘是新學的、出家不久的、新近來到這法與律的,他們得不到見世尊時,或會有變異,或會有變易。尊者,願世尊歡喜比丘僧團;尊者,願世尊稱說比丘僧團。正如從前比丘僧團被世尊所攝益那樣,願[世尊]如今也同樣攝益比丘僧團。”

Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ [sammiñjitaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā; evametaṃ, sugata! Bhagavato, bhante, bhikkhusaṅgho pabāḷho. Santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ. Tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ alabhantānaṃ dassanāya siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Abhinandatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Yatheva bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito, evameva etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅgha’’nti.
已對照

世尊以默然表示接受。那時,娑婆主梵天知道世尊已經接受,便禮敬世尊,右繞之後,就在那裡隱沒。

Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyi.
PTS 3.93已對照

那時,世尊於傍晚從靜坐起身,前往尼拘陀園;到了之後,坐在所設的座上。坐下之後,世尊作了這樣的神通的造作(iddhābhisaṅkhāra):使那些比丘一個、兩個地,帶著羞怯之相,來到我之處。那些比丘也就一個、兩個地,帶著羞怯之相,來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。世尊對坐在一旁的那些比丘這樣說——

Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena nigrodhārāmo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi [abhisaṅkhāresi (syā. kaṃ.), abhisaṅkhāyi (pī.), abhisaṅkharoti (ka.)] yathā te bhikkhū (ekadvīhikāya sārajjamānarūpā yenāhaṃ [yena bhagavā (?)] tenupasaṅkameyyuṃ. Tepi bhikkhū ) [( ) sī. syā. kaṃ. potthakesu natthi] ekadvīhikāya sārajjamānarūpā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca –
已對照

“諸比丘,諸活命之中這是末等的,即乞食(piṇḍolya)。諸比丘,這在世間是一句咒罵:‘你這乞食者,手裡拿著缽到處走!’然而,諸比丘,這[乞食]——良家子們以義利之力為由、緣於義利之力而趨入它;他們不是被國王所押,不是被盜賊所押,不是為債所迫,不是為怖畏所迫,不是為生計所困,而是[想]:‘我們已沉陷於生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、憂、惱,沉陷於苦、為苦所迫;但願能了知這整個苦蘊的終結。’

‘‘Antamidaṃ, bhikkhave, jīvikānaṃ yadidaṃ piṇḍolyaṃ. Abhisāpoyaṃ, bhikkhave, lokasmiṃ piṇḍolo vicarasi pattapāṇīti. Tañca kho etaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputtā upenti atthavasikā, atthavasaṃ paṭicca; neva rājābhinītā, na corābhinītā, na iṇaṭṭā, na bhayaṭṭā, na ājīvikāpakatā; api ca kho otiṇṇāmha jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇā dukkhaparetā appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethāti.
緬 2.77已對照

“諸比丘,這位良家子是這樣出家的;然而他卻有貪欲、於諸欲有強烈貪染,心已壞損、意思惟染汙,失念、無正知,心不得定、心散亂,諸根如俗。諸比丘,猶如焚屍的火把(chavālāta),兩端燃燒,中間沾糞,在村中不能充木材之用,在林中也不能充木材之用。諸比丘,我說這個人就與那相似:他既退失了在家人的財物,又不圓滿沙門性的目標。

‘‘Evaṃ pabbajito cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputto. So ca hoti abhijjhālu kāmesu tibbasārāgo byāpannacitto paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo muṭṭhassati asampajāno asamāhito vibbhantacitto pākatindriyo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, chavālātaṃ ubhatopadittaṃ majjhe gūthagataṃ, neva gāme kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati, nāraññe kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati. Tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi gihibhogā ca parihīno, sāmaññatthañca na paripūreti.
已對照

“諸比丘,有這三種不善尋:欲尋、瞋恚尋、害尋。諸比丘,而這三種不善尋於何處無餘地滅盡呢?於心善住立於四念處而住者,或修習無相定(animitta samādhi)者。諸比丘,無相定實在值得修習。諸比丘,無相定修習、多作時,有大果、大功德。

‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, akusalavitakkā – kāmavitakko, byāpādavitakko, vihiṃsāvitakko. Ime ca bhikkhave, tayo akusalavitakkā kva aparisesā nirujjhanti? Catūsu vā satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittassa viharato animittaṃ vā samādhiṃ bhāvayato. Yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, alameva animitto samādhi bhāvetuṃ. Animitto, bhikkhave, samādhi bhāvito bahulīkato mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso.
PTS 3.94已對照

“諸比丘,有這兩種見:有見與無有見。諸比丘,此中,有聞的聖弟子這樣思察:‘世間中可有任何事物,我執取它而不會有過失嗎?’他這樣了知:‘世間中並沒有任何事物,我執取它而不會有過失。因為我執取時,所執取的只會是色;只會是受……只會是想……只會是諸行,執取時所執取的只會是識。於我便會以取為緣而有有,以有為緣而有生,以生為緣而有老死、愁、悲、苦、憂、惱生起。如是便會有這整個苦蘊的集起。’

‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, diṭṭhiyo – bhavadiṭṭhi ca vibhavadiṭṭhi ca. Tatra kho, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘atthi nu kho taṃ kiñci lokasmiṃ yamahaṃ upādiyamāno na vajjavā assa’nti? So evaṃ pajānāti – ‘natthi nu kho taṃ kiñci lokasmiṃ yamahaṃ upādiyamāno na vajjavā assaṃ. Ahañhi rūpaññeva upādiyamāno upādiyeyyaṃ vedanaññeva… saññaññeva… saṅkhāreyeva viññāṇaññeva upādiyamāno upādiyeyyaṃ. Tassa me assa [ayaṃ (ka.)] upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhaveyyuṃ. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo assā’’’ti.
已對照

“諸比丘,你們認為怎樣,色是常還是無常?”“無常,尊者。”“而那無常的,是苦還是樂?”“是苦,尊者。”“而那無常、苦、變易之法的,適宜這樣觀它——‘這是我的、這是我、這是我的自我’——嗎?”“不適宜,尊者。”“受……想……諸行……識……乃至……因此,諸比丘,這樣見時……他了知:‘……再無後有。’”第八[經]。

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ…pe… tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ passaṃ… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
已對照

九、波利雷雅經

9. Pālileyyasuttaṃ
81PTS 3.95緬 2.78已對照

八十一、一時,世尊住在憍賞彌(Kosambī)的瞿師羅園(Ghositārāma)。那時,世尊於上午著衣持缽與衣,為行乞而入憍賞彌。在憍賞彌行乞、食後從行乞歸來,親自收拾了臥坐處,持缽與衣,不告知侍者們,不辭別比丘僧團,獨自、無伴地遊行而去。

81. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kosambiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Kosambiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto sāmaṃ senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anāmantetvā upaṭṭhāke anapaloketvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ eko adutiyo cārikaṃ pakkāmi.
已對照

那時,世尊離去不久,某位比丘來到具壽阿難之處;到了之後,對具壽阿難這樣說:“阿難賢友,世尊已親自收拾了臥坐處,持缽與衣,不告知侍者們,不辭別比丘僧團,獨自、無伴地遊行而去了。”“賢友,當世尊親自收拾了臥坐處,持缽與衣,不告知侍者們,不辭別比丘僧團,獨自、無伴地遊行而去之時,那時世尊是想獨自而住;那時世尊不應被任何人跟隨。”

Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu acirapakkantassa bhagavato yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘esāvuso, ānanda, bhagavā sāmaṃ senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anāmantetvā upaṭṭhāke anapaloketvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ eko adutiyo cārikaṃ pakkanto’’ti. ‘‘Yasmiṃ, āvuso, samaye bhagavā sāmaṃ senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anāmantetvā upaṭṭhāke anapaloketvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ eko adutiyo cārikaṃ pakkamati, ekova bhagavā tasmiṃ samaye viharitukāmo hoti; na bhagavā tasmiṃ samaye kenaci anubandhitabbo hotī’’ti.
已對照

那時,世尊次第遊行,到了波利雷雅迦(Pālileyyaka)。在那裡,世尊住在波利雷雅迦的賢娑羅樹(Bhaddasāla)下。那時,眾多比丘來到具壽阿難之處;到了之後,與具壽阿難互相問候。互相問候、交談了一番愉快而值得憶念的話之後,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的那些比丘對具壽阿難這樣說:“阿難賢友,我們久已不曾當面聽聞世尊的法語了;阿難賢友,我們想當面聽聞世尊的法語。”

Atha kho bhagavā anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena pālileyyakaṃ [pārileyyakaṃ (sī. pī.)] tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā pālileyyake viharati bhaddasālamūle. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘cirassutā kho no, āvuso ānanda, bhagavato sammukhā dhammī kathā; icchāma mayaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bhagavato sammukhā dhammiṃ kathaṃ sotu’’nti.
PTS 3.96緬 2.79已對照

於是,具壽阿難與那些比丘一同前往波利雷雅迦的賢娑羅樹下,來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。世尊以法語為坐在一旁的那些比丘開示、勸導、激勵、令歡喜。而那時,某位比丘心中生起了這樣的思慮:“怎樣知、怎樣見者,無間便有諸漏的滅盡呢?”那時,世尊以心了知那位比丘心中的思慮,召喚諸比丘:“諸比丘,我已以簡擇(vicayaso)教說了法;已以簡擇教說了四念處;已以簡擇教說了四正勤;已以簡擇教說了四神足;已以簡擇教說了五根;已以簡擇教說了五力;已以簡擇教說了七覺支;已以簡擇教說了八支聖道。諸比丘,我已這樣以簡擇教說了法。諸比丘,雖然我已這樣以簡擇教說了法,然而此中某位比丘心中卻生起了這樣的思慮:‘怎樣知、怎樣見者,無間便有諸漏的滅盡呢?’

Atha kho āyasmā ānando tehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ yena pālileyyakaṃ bhaddasālamūlaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho jānato kathaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’ti? Atha kho bhagavā tassa bhikkhuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘vicayaso desito, bhikkhave, mayā dhammo; vicayaso desitā cattāro satipaṭṭhānā; vicayaso desitā cattāro sammappadhānā; vicayaso desitā cattāro iddhipādā; vicayaso desitāni pañcindriyāni; vicayaso desitāni pañca balāni; vicayaso desitā sattabojjhaṅgā; vicayaso desito ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Evaṃ vicayaso desito, bhikkhave, mayā dhammo. Evaṃ vicayaso desite kho, bhikkhave, mayā dhamme atha ca panidhekaccassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘kathaṃ nu kho jānato kathaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’’ti?
PTS 3.97已對照

“諸比丘,而怎樣知、怎樣見者,無間便有諸漏的滅盡呢?諸比丘,在此,無聞凡夫不見諸聖者,不善巧於聖者之法,未受聖者之法調教;不見諸善士,不善巧於善士之法,未受善士之法調教——他隨觀色為自我。諸比丘,而那隨觀(samanupassanā),那是行。而那行以何為因緣?以何為集起?以何為生?以何為根源?諸比丘,對被無明觸所生的感受所觸的無聞凡夫,渴愛生起;那行由此而生。諸比丘,如是,那行也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那渴愛也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那受也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那觸也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那無明也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。諸比丘,如此知、如此見者,也[是]無間便有諸漏的滅盡。

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, jānato kathaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti? Idha bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sāpi vedanā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sopi phasso anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
已對照

“他雖不隨觀色為自我,然而卻隨觀自我為有色。諸比丘,而那隨觀,那是行。而那行以何為因緣?以何為集起?以何為生?以何為根源?諸比丘,對被無明觸所生的感受所觸的無聞凡夫,渴愛生起;那行由此而生。諸比丘,如是,那行也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那渴愛也……那受也……那觸也……那無明也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。諸比丘,如此知、如此見者,也[是]無間便有諸漏的滅盡。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati; api ca kho rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā… sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso… sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
緬 2.80已對照

“他雖不隨觀色為自我,不隨觀自我為有色,然而卻隨觀色在自我中。諸比丘,而那隨觀,那是行。而那行以何為因緣?以何為集起?以何為生?以何為根源?諸比丘,對被無明觸所生的感受所觸的無聞凡夫,渴愛生起;那行由此而生。諸比丘,如是,那行也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那渴愛也……那受也……那觸也……那無明也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。諸比丘,如此知、如此見者,也[是]無間便有諸漏的滅盡。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho attani rūpaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā… sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso… sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
PTS 3.98已對照

“他雖不隨觀色為自我,不隨觀自我為有色,不隨觀色在自我中,然而卻隨觀自我在色中。諸比丘,而那隨觀,那是行。而那行以何為因緣?以何為集起?以何為生?以何為根源?諸比丘,對被無明觸所生的感受所觸的無聞凡夫,渴愛生起;那行由此而生。諸比丘,如是,那行也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那渴愛也……那受也……那觸也……那無明也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。諸比丘,如此知……乃至……便有諸漏的滅盡。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati, na attani rūpaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho rūpasmiṃ attānaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayite phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā … sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso… sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato…pe… āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
緬 2.81已對照

“他雖不隨觀色為自我,不[隨觀]自我為有色,不[隨觀]色在自我中,不隨觀自我在色中;然而卻隨觀受為自我,然而卻隨觀自我為有受,然而卻隨觀受在自我中,然而卻隨觀自我在受中;然而卻[隨觀]想……然而卻隨觀諸行為自我,然而卻隨觀自我為有諸行,然而卻隨觀諸行在自我中,然而卻隨觀自我在諸行中;然而卻隨觀識為自我,然而卻[隨觀]自我為有識,然而卻[隨觀]識在自我中,然而卻隨觀自我在識中。諸比丘,而那隨觀,那是行。而那行以何為因緣……乃至……以何為根源?諸比丘,對被無明觸所生的感受所觸的無聞凡夫,渴愛生起;那行由此而生。諸比丘,如是,那行也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那渴愛也……那受也……那觸也……那無明也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。諸比丘,如此知、如此見者,無間便有諸漏的滅盡。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ, na attani rūpaṃ, na rūpasmiṃ attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho vedanaṃ attato samanupassati, api ca kho vedanāvantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati, api ca kho attani vedanaṃ samanupassati, api ca kho vedanāya attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho saññaṃ… api ca kho saṅkhāre attato samanupassati, api ca kho saṅkhāravantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati, api ca kho attani saṅkhāre samanupassati, api ca kho saṅkhāresu attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, api ca kho viññāṇavantaṃ attānaṃ, api ca kho attani viññāṇaṃ, api ca kho viññāṇasmiṃ attānaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno…pe… kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayite phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā… sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso … sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
已對照

“他雖不隨觀色為自我,不隨觀受為自我,不[隨觀]想……不[隨觀]諸行……不隨觀識為自我,然而卻有這樣的見:‘那是自我,那是世界;我死後將成為恆常的、堅固的、常恆的、不變易之法。’諸比丘,而那常見(sassatadiṭṭhi),那是行。而那行以何為因緣……乃至……諸比丘,如此知、如此見者,也[是]無間便有諸漏的滅盡。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na vedanaṃ attato samanupassati, na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati; api ca kho evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘so attā so loko, so pecca bhavissāmi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo’ti. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, sassatadiṭṭhi saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno…pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
PTS 3.99已對照

“他雖不隨觀色為自我,不[隨觀]受……不[隨觀]想……不[隨觀]諸行……不隨觀識為自我;也沒有這樣的見:‘那是自我,那是世界;我死後將成為恆常的、堅固的、常恆的、不變易之法。’然而卻有這樣的見:‘我若不存在,我的也不會存在;[若]我將不會有,於我便將不會有。’諸比丘,而那斷見(ucchedadiṭṭhi),那是行。而那行以何為因緣?以何為集起?以何為生?以何為根源?諸比丘,對被無明觸所生的感受所觸的無聞凡夫,渴愛生起;那行由此而生。諸比丘,如是,那行也是無常……乃至……諸比丘,如此知、如此見者,也[是]無間便有諸漏的滅盡。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na vedanaṃ … na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati; nāpi evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘so attā so loko, so pecca bhavissāmi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo’ti. Api ca kho evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘no cassaṃ no ca me siyā nābhavissaṃ na me bhavissatī’ti. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, ucchedadiṭṭhi saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco…pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
緬 2.82已對照

“他雖不隨觀色為自我,不[隨觀]受……不[隨觀]想……不[隨觀]諸行……不隨觀識為自我……乃至……不隨觀自我在識中;也沒有這樣的見:‘那是自我,那是世界;我死後將成為恆常的、堅固的、常恆的、不變易之法’;也沒有這樣的見:‘我若不存在,我的也不會存在;[若]我將不會有,於我便將不會有’;然而卻於正法有惑、有疑、未達決定。諸比丘,而那於正法的有惑、有疑、未達決定,那是行。而那行以何為因緣?以何為集起?以何為生?以何為根源?諸比丘,對被無明觸所生的感受所觸的無聞凡夫,渴愛生起;那行由此而生。諸比丘,如是,那行也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那渴愛也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那受也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那觸也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。那無明也是無常、有為、緣起而生的。諸比丘,如此知、如此見者,無間便有諸漏的滅盡。”第九[經]。

‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na vedanaṃ… na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati…pe… na viññāṇasmiṃ attato samanupassati, nāpi evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘so attā so loko, so pecca bhavissāmi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo’ti; nāpi evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘no cassaṃ no ca me siyā nābhavissaṃ na me bhavissatī’ti; api ca kho kaṅkhī hoti vicikicchī aniṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, kaṅkhitā vicikicchitā aniṭṭhaṅgatatā saddhamme saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sāpi vedanā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sopi phasso anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
已對照

十、滿月經

10. Puṇṇamasuttaṃ
82PTS 3.100緬 2.83已對照

八十二、一時,世尊與大比丘僧團一起,住在舍衛城東園(Pubbārāma)的鹿子母講堂(Migāramātupāsāda)。那時,正值布薩日,十五日,圓滿的滿月(puṇṇamā)之夜,世尊被比丘僧團圍繞,坐在露地。

於是,某位比丘從座而起,把上衣偏袒一肩,向世尊合掌,對世尊這樣說:“尊者,我想請問世尊某一要點(desa),如果世尊給我機會解答問題的話。”“那麼,比丘,你就坐在自己的座位上,想問什麼就問吧。”“是的,尊者。”那位比丘應諾世尊之後,坐在自己的座位上,對世尊這樣說:“尊者,這些就是五取蘊嗎?即:色取蘊、受取蘊、想取蘊、行取蘊、識取蘊。”

“比丘,這些就是五取蘊,即:色取蘊……乃至……識取蘊。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘對世尊所說歡喜、隨喜之後,又向世尊問了更進一步的問題——

“尊者,這五取蘊以什麼為根?”“比丘,這五取蘊以欲為根。”……乃至……“尊者,那取就是這五取蘊呢,還是取在五取蘊之外呢?”“比丘,那取既不就是這五取蘊,取也不在五取蘊之外;然而,凡是於其中的欲貪(chandarāga),那就是其中的取。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……問了更進一步的問題——

“尊者,於五取蘊中會有欲貪的差別(vemattatā)嗎?”“比丘,會有。”世尊說,“比丘,在此,某人這樣想:‘於未來世,願我為如是色者;於未來世,願我為如是受者;於未來世,願我為如是想者;於未來世,願我為如是行者;於未來世,願我為如是識者。’比丘,這樣,於五取蘊中就會有欲貪的差別。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……問了更進一步的問題——

“尊者,諸蘊的‘蘊’之增語(khandhādhivacana)到什麼程度[才有]呢?”“比丘,凡任何色,無論過去、未來、現在,內或外,粗或細,劣或勝,遠或近,這稱為色蘊。凡任何受……凡任何想……凡任何諸行……凡任何識,無論過去、未來、現在,內或外,粗或細,劣或勝,遠或近,這稱為識蘊。比丘,諸蘊的‘蘊’之增語就到這個程度。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……問了——

“尊者,什麼因、什麼緣,為色蘊的施設(paññāpanā)?什麼因、什麼緣,為受蘊的施設?什麼因、什麼緣,為想蘊的施設?什麼因、什麼緣,為行蘊的施設?什麼因、什麼緣,為識蘊的施設?”“比丘,四大種是因,四大種是緣,為色蘊的施設。觸是因,觸是緣,為受蘊的施設。觸是因,觸是緣,為想蘊的施設。觸是因,觸是緣,為行蘊的施設。名色是因,名色是緣,為識蘊的施設。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……問了——

“尊者,有身見(sakkāyadiṭṭhi)是怎樣有的呢?”“比丘,在此,無聞凡夫不見諸聖者,不善巧於聖者之法,未受聖者之法調教;不見諸善士,不善巧於善士之法,未受善士之法調教——他隨觀色為自我,或[隨觀]自我為有色,或[隨觀]色在自我中,或[隨觀]自我在色中;他隨觀受……想……諸行……識……為自我,或[隨觀]自我為有識,或[隨觀]識在自我中,或[隨觀]自我在識中。比丘,這樣就有有身見。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……問了——

“尊者,那麼有身見是怎樣不有的呢?”“比丘,在此,有聞的聖弟子見諸聖者,善巧於聖者之法,善受聖者之法調教;見諸善士,善巧於善士之法,善受善士之法調教——他不隨觀色為自我,不[隨觀]自我為有色,不[隨觀]色在自我中,不[隨觀]自我在色中;不[隨觀]受……不[隨觀]想……不[隨觀]諸行……不隨觀識為自我,不[隨觀]自我為有識,不[隨觀]識在自我中,不[隨觀]自我在識中。比丘,這樣就沒有有身見。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘……乃至……問了——

“尊者,什麼是色的味著(assāda)?什麼是過患(ādīnava)?什麼是出離(nissaraṇa)?什麼是受的……什麼是想的……什麼是諸行的……什麼是識的味著?什麼是過患?什麼是出離?”“比丘,緣於色而生起的樂與喜悅,這是色的味著。色是無常的、苦的、變易之法,這是色的過患。凡於色的欲貪之調伏、欲貪之舍斷,這是色的出離。緣於受……緣於想……緣於諸行……緣於識而生起的樂與喜悅,這是識的味著。識是無常的、苦的、變易之法,這是識的過患。凡於識的欲貪之調伏、欲貪之舍斷,這是識的出離。”“善哉,尊者。”那位比丘對世尊所說歡喜、隨喜之後,又向世尊問了更進一步的問題——

“尊者,如何知、如何見,於這有識之身與外在一切相中,便沒有我作、我所作與慢隨眠(ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā)呢?”“比丘,凡任何色,無論過去、未來、現在,內或外,粗或細,劣或勝,遠或近,一切色都是‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’——[他]以正慧如實這樣見它。凡任何受……凡任何想……凡任何諸行……凡任何識,無論過去、未來、現在,內或外,粗或細,劣或勝,遠或近,一切識都是‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’——[他]以正慧如實這樣見它。比丘,如是知、如是見者,於這有識之身與外在一切相中,便沒有我作、我所作與慢隨眠。”

那時,某位比丘心中生起了這樣的思慮:“先生們,相傳色是無我,受……想……諸行……識是無我;那麼無我所作的(anattakata)諸業將觸及什麼樣的我呢?”於是,世尊以心了知那位比丘心中的思慮,召喚諸比丘——

“諸比丘,存在這樣的情況:此處某個愚痴人(moghapurisa)無知、陷於無明、以渴愛為主的心,會認為應當越過導師的教誡[而想]:‘先生們,相傳色是無我,受……想……諸行……識是無我;那麼無我所作的諸業將觸及什麼樣的我呢?’諸比丘,你們已在處處、於彼彼諸法上,受我以反問(paṭipucchā)調教。

“諸比丘,你們認為怎樣,色是常還是無常?”“無常,尊者。”“受……想……諸行……識是常還是無常?”“無常,尊者。”“而那無常的,是苦還是樂?”“是苦,尊者。”“而那無常、苦、變易之法的,適宜這樣觀它——‘這是我的、這是我、這是我的自我’——嗎?”“不適宜,尊者。”“因此……乃至……這樣見時……乃至……他了知:‘再無後有。’”

“二[問]蘊、即是那、願我為,增語以及因;

以有身說了二[問],以及味著、有識[身];

這十種已說,[皆]由比丘之問而有。”

第十[經]。

82. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto ajjhokāse nisinno hoti.
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘puccheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ kiñcideva [kañcideva (?)] desaṃ, sace me bhagavā okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, sake āsane nisīditvā puccha yadākaṅkhasī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā sake āsane nisīditvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ime nu kho, bhante, pañcupādānakkhandhā, seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho’’ti.
‘‘Ime kho pana, bhikkhu, pañcupādānakkhandhā; seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandho…pe… viññāṇupādānakkhandho’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Ime kho pana, bhante, pañcupādānakkhandhā kiṃmūlakā’’ti? ‘‘Ime kho, bhikkhu, pañcupādānakkhandhā chandamūlakā’’ti…pe… taññeva nu kho, bhante, upādānaṃ te pañcupādānakkhandhā udāhu aññatra pañcahi upādānakkhandhehi upādānanti? ‘‘Na kho, bhikkhu, taññeva upādānaṃ te pañcupādānakkhandhā nāpi aññatra pañcahi upādānakkhandhehi upādānaṃ, api ca yo tattha chandarāgo taṃ tattha upādāna’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Siyā pana, bhante, pañcupādānakkhandhesu chandarāgavemattatā’’ti? ‘‘Siyā, bhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘idha, bhikkhu, ekaccassa evaṃ hoti – ‘evaṃrūpo siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, evaṃvedano siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, evaṃsañño siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, evaṃsaṅkhāro siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, evaṃviññāṇo siyaṃ anāgatamaddhāna’nti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, siyā pañcupādānakkhandhesu chandarāgavemattatā’’ti? ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, khandhānaṃ khandhādhivacana’’nti? ‘‘Yaṃ kiñci, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, ayaṃ vuccati rūpakkhandho. Yā kāci vedanā… yā kāci saññā … ye keci saṅkhārā… yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, ayaṃ vuccati viññāṇakkhandho. Ettāvatā kho, bhikkhu, khandhānaṃ khandhādhivacana’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
‘‘Ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo rūpakkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo vedanākkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo saññākkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo saṅkhārakkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo viññāṇakkhandhassa paññāpanāyā’’ti? ‘‘Cattāro kho, bhikkhu, mahābhūtā hetu, cattāro mahābhūtā paccayo rūpakkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Phasso hetu phasso paccayo vedanākkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Phasso hetu phasso paccayo saññākkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Phasso hetu, phasso paccayo saṅkhārakkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Nāmarūpaṃ hetu, nāmarūpaṃ paccayo viññāṇakkhandhassa paññāpanāyā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, sakkāyadiṭṭhi hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bhikkhu, assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ… attato samanupassati, viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; attani vā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, sakkāyadiṭṭhi hotī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
‘‘Kathaṃ pana, bhante, sakkāyadiṭṭhi na hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bhikkhu, sutavā ariyasāvako ariyānaṃ dassāvī ariyadhammassa kovido ariyadhamme suvinīto, sappurisānaṃ dassāvī sappurisadhammassa kovido sappurisadhamme suvinīto na rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; na attani vā rūpaṃ, na rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ; na vedanaṃ… na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, na viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; na attani vā viññāṇaṃ, na viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, sakkāyadiṭṭhi na hotī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
‘‘Ko nu kho, bhante, rūpassa assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇaṃ; ko vedanāya… ko saññāya… ko saṅkhārānaṃ… ko viññāṇassa assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇa’’nti? ‘‘Yaṃ kho, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ – ayaṃ rūpassa assādo. Yaṃ rūpaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ – ayaṃ rūpassa ādīnavo. Yo rūpasmiṃ chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ – idaṃ rūpassa nissaraṇaṃ. Yaṃ vedanaṃ paṭicca… yaṃ saññaṃ paṭicca… ye saṅkhāre paṭicca… yaṃ viññāṇaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ – ayaṃ viññāṇassa assādo. Yaṃ viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ – ayaṃ viññāṇassa ādīnavo. Yo viññāṇasmiṃ chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ – idaṃ viññāṇassa nissaraṇa’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, jānato, kathaṃ passato imasmiñca saviññāṇake kāye bahiddhā ca sabbanimittesu ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā na hontī’’ti? ‘‘Yaṃ kiñci, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ rūpaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati. Yā kāci vedanā… yā kāci saññā… ye keci saṅkhārā… yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ viññāṇaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, jānato evaṃ passato imasmiñca saviññāṇake kāye bahiddhā ca sabbanimittesu ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā na hontī’’ti.
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘iti kira bho rūpaṃ anattā, vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ anattā; anattakatāni kammāni kathamattānaṃ [katamattānaṃ (pī.), kammattānaṃ (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] phusissantī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tassa bhikkhuno cetasā ceto parivitakkamaññāya bhikkhū āmantesi –
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco moghapuriso avidvā avijjāgato taṇhādhipateyyena cetasā satthusāsanaṃ atidhāvitabbaṃ maññeyya. Iti kira, bho, rūpaṃ anattā, vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ anattā. Anattakatāni kammāni kathamattānaṃ phusissantīti? Paṭipucchāvinītā kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, tatra tatra tesu tesu dhammesu.
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. Tasmātiha…pe… evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
‘‘Dve khandhā taññeva siyaṃ, adhivacanañca hetunā;
Sakkāyena duve vuttā, assādaviññāṇakena ca;
Ete dasavidhā vuttā, hoti bhikkhu pucchāyā’’ti. dasamaṃ;
已對照

可食品第八。

Khajjanīyavaggo aṭṭhamo.
緬 2.86已對照

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Tassuddānaṃ –
Assādo dve samudayā, arahantehi apare dve;
Sīho khajjanī piṇḍolyaṃ, pālileyyena puṇṇamāti.