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中部第80經 · 韋伽那娑經 Vekhanasasuttaṃ

本經目錄十、韋伽那娑經

278PTS 2.40緬 2.231已對照

十、韋伽那娑經

二七八、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在舍衛城(Sāvatthī)的祇樹林(Jetavana)給孤獨園(Anāthapiṇḍika 之園)。那時,遊方者韋伽那娑(Vekhanasa)來到世尊之處;到了之後,與世尊互相問候。互相問候、交談了一番愉快而值得憶念的話之後,站在一旁。站在一旁的遊方者韋伽那娑在世尊面前發出感嘆:“這是最上的色,這是最上的色。”

278. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho vekhanaso [vekhanasso (sī. pī.)] paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavato santike udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo, ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo’’ti.
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“迦旃延,你為什麼這樣說:‘這是最上的色,這是最上的色’?迦旃延,那最上的色是什麼呢?”

‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, kaccāna, evaṃ vadesi – ‘ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo, ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo’ti? Katamo, kaccāna, so paramo vaṇṇo’’ti?
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“喬達摩尊師,沒有比它更上或更殊勝的其他色,那[色]就是最上的色。”

‘‘Yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’’ti.
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“那麼,迦旃延,沒有比它更上或更殊勝的其他色的那色是什麼呢?”

‘‘Katamo pana so, kaccāna, vaṇṇo yasmā vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthī’’ti?
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“喬達摩尊師,沒有比它更上或更殊勝的其他色,那[色]就是最上的色。”

‘‘Yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’’ti.
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“迦旃延,你這[話]縱然可以說得很長——你說‘喬達摩尊師,沒有比它更上或更殊勝的其他色,那[色]就是最上的色’,卻不施設那色。迦旃延,譬如有人這樣說:‘這個國中凡是國中第一美女(janapadakalyāṇī),我都想要她、愛慕她。’人們便對他這樣說:‘喂,你這個人,你所想要、所愛慕的那位國中第一美女,你可知道她是剎帝利女、婆羅門女、吠舍女,還是首陀羅女?’被這樣問時,他會說‘不知道’。人們又對他這樣說:‘喂,你這個人,你所想要、所愛慕的那位國中第一美女,你可知道她名字如此、姓氏如此……乃至……或是高、是矮、是中等,是黑、是褐、還是金褐色的膚色……住在哪個村、哪個鎮、哪個城?’被這樣問時,他會說‘不知道’。人們又對他這樣說:‘喂,你這個人,你既不知道、也沒見過的人,你卻想要她、愛慕她嗎?’被這樣問時,他會說‘是的’。

‘‘Dīghāpi kho te esā, kaccāna, phareyya – ‘yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi, tañca vaṇṇaṃ na paññapesi. Seyyathāpi, kaccāna, puriso evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ahaṃ yā imasmiṃ janapade janapadakalyāṇī, taṃ icchāmi taṃ kāmemī’ti. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ambho purisa, yaṃ tvaṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ icchasi kāmesi, jānāsi taṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ – khattiyī vā brāhmaṇī vā vessī vā suddī vā’ti? Iti puṭṭho ‘no’ti vadeyya. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ambho purisa, yaṃ tvaṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ icchasi kāmesi, jānāsi taṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ ‘evaṃnāmā evaṃgottāti vāti…pe… dīghā vā rassā vā majjhimā vā kāḷī vā sāmā vā maṅguracchavī vāti… amukasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā nagare vā’ti? Iti puṭṭho ‘no’ti vadeyya. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ambho purisa, yaṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi, taṃ tvaṃ icchasi kāmesī’’’ti? Iti puṭṭho ‘āmā’ti vadeyya.
PTS 2.41緬 2.232已對照

“迦旃延,你認為怎樣?這樣一來,那個人所說的話豈不就成了無對治之說嗎?”“喬達摩尊師,確實如此;這樣一來,那個人所說的話就成了無對治之說。”“迦旃延,正是這樣,你說‘喬達摩尊師,沒有比它更上或更殊勝的其他色,那[色]就是最上的色’,卻不施設那色。”“喬達摩尊師,猶如一顆琉璃寶珠,美麗、純正,有八個切面,善加琢磨,置於黃褐毛毯上,照耀、熾熱、放光;自我在死後是有如此之色的、無病的。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, nanu evaṃ sante tassa purisassa appāṭihīrakataṃ bhāsitaṃ sampajjatī’’ti? ‘‘Addhā kho, bho gotama, evaṃ sante tassa purisassa appāṭihīrakataṃ bhāsitaṃ sampajjatī’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho tvaṃ, kaccāna, ‘yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi; tañca vaṇṇaṃ na paññapesī’’ti. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, maṇi veḷuriyo subho jātimā aṭṭhaṃso suparikammakato paṇḍukambale nikkhitto bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca, evaṃ vaṇṇo attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā’’ti.
279已對照

二七九、“迦旃延,你認為怎樣?一顆琉璃寶珠,美麗、純正,有八個切面,善加琢磨,置於黃褐毛毯上,照耀、熾熱、放光,或是在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的螢火蟲——這兩種色中,哪一種色更超越、更殊勝呢?”“喬達摩尊師,在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的這螢火蟲——它在這兩種色中更超越、更殊勝。”

279. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā maṇi veḷuriyo subho jātimā aṭṭhaṃso suparikammakato paṇḍukambale nikkhitto bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti.
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“迦旃延,你認為怎樣?在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的螢火蟲,或是在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的油燈——這兩種色中,哪一種色更超越、更殊勝呢?”“喬達摩尊師,在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的這油燈——它在這兩種色中更超越、更殊勝。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti.
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“迦旃延,你認為怎樣?在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的油燈,或是在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的大火聚——這兩種色中,哪一種色更超越、更殊勝呢?”“喬達摩尊師,在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的這大火聚——它在這兩種色中更超越、更殊勝。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti.
PTS 2.42緬 2.233已對照

“迦旃延,你認為怎樣?在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的大火聚,或是於夜裡黎明時分,天高遠、雲已散盡時的太白星——這兩種色中,哪一種色更超越、更殊勝呢?”“喬達摩尊師,於夜裡黎明時分,天高遠、雲已散盡時的這太白星——它在這兩種色中更超越、更殊勝。”“迦旃延,你認為怎樣?於夜裡黎明時分,天高遠、雲已散盡時的太白星,或是在那十五日的布薩日,天高遠、雲已散盡時,正當半夜時分的月亮——這兩種色中,哪一種色更超越、更殊勝呢?”“喬達摩尊師,在那十五日的布薩日,天高遠、雲已散盡時,正當半夜時分的這月亮——它在這兩種色中更超越、更殊勝。”“迦旃延,你認為怎樣?在那十五日的布薩日,天高遠、雲已散盡時,正當半夜時分的月亮,或是在雨季最後一月的秋時,天高遠、雲已散盡時,正當日中時分的太陽——這兩種色中,哪一種色更超越、更殊勝呢?”“喬達摩尊師,在雨季最後一月的秋時,天高遠、雲已散盡時,正當日中時分的這太陽——它在這兩種色中更超越、更殊勝。”“迦旃延,那些不受用這日月之光的諸天,比[受用者]多、多得多,我了知他們。然而我不說:‘沒有比它更上、更殊勝的其他色。’然而,迦旃延,你卻對那比螢火蟲更低劣、更卑下的色說‘那就是最上的色’,卻不施設那色。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, yā vā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yā vā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, yo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṃ cando, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṃ cando, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṃ cando, yo vā vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido majjhanhikasamayaṃ sūriyo, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido majjhanhikasamayaṃ sūriyo – ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. ‘‘Ato kho te, kaccāna, bahū hi bahutarā devā ye imesaṃ candimasūriyānaṃ ābhā nānubhonti, tyāhaṃ pajānāmi. Atha ca panāhaṃ na vadāmi – ‘yasmā vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca natthī’ti. Atha ca pana tvaṃ, kaccāna, ‘yvāyaṃ vaṇṇo kiminā khajjopanakena nihīnataro ca patikiṭṭhataro ca so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi; tañca vaṇṇaṃ na paññapesi’’.
280PTS 2.43已對照

二八〇、“迦旃延,有這五欲功德。哪五種呢?眼所識的諸色,是可喜的、可樂的、可意的、可愛的、與欲相應的、能引生貪染的;耳所識的諸聲……乃至……鼻所識的諸香……舌所識的諸味……身所識的諸觸,是可喜的、可樂的、可意的、可愛的、與欲相應的、能引生貪染的——迦旃延,這就是五欲功德。迦旃延,緣這五欲功德而生起的樂與喜悅,這稱為欲樂。如是,由諸欲而有欲樂;超出欲樂而有欲之最上樂,它在那裡被稱為最上。”

280. ‘‘Pañca kho ime, kaccāna, kāmaguṇā. Katame pañca? Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, sotaviññeyyā saddā…pe… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā… jivhāviññeyyā rasā… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā – ime kho, kaccāna, pañca kāmaguṇā. Yaṃ kho, kaccāna, ime pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ idaṃ vuccati kāmasukhaṃ. Iti kāmehi kāmasukhaṃ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṃ tattha aggamakkhāyatī’’ti.
緬 2.234已對照

這樣說時,遊方者韋伽那娑對世尊這樣說:“稀有啊,喬達摩尊師!未曾有啊,喬達摩尊師!喬達摩尊師所說的這[話]是何等善說:‘由諸欲而有欲樂;超出欲樂而有欲之最上樂,它在那裡被稱為最上。’(‘喬達摩尊師,由諸欲而有欲樂;超出欲樂而有欲之最上樂,它在那裡被稱為最上。’)”“迦旃延,你是持異見者、異認可者、異樂者,[修]異行、[從]異師,諸欲、欲樂或欲之最上樂——這是你難以了知的。迦旃延,凡是那些阿羅漢、諸漏已盡、[梵行]已立、所作已辦、重擔已卸、己利已達、有結已盡、以正智解脫的比丘,他們才會知道這[些]:諸欲、欲樂或欲之最上樂。”

Evaṃ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘acchariyaṃ, bho gotama, abbhutaṃ, bho gotama! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ bhotā gotamena – ‘kāmehi kāmasukhaṃ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṃ tattha aggamakkhāyatī’ti. (‘Kāmehi, bho gotama, kāmasukhaṃ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṃ, tattha aggamakkhāyatī’ti) [( ) sī. syā. kaṃ. pī. potthakesu natthi] – ‘‘dujjānaṃ kho etaṃ, kaccāna, tayā aññadiṭṭhikena aññakhantikena aññarucikena aññatrayogena aññatrācariyakena – kāmā [kāmaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vā kāmasukhaṃ vā kāmaggasukhaṃ vā. Ye kho te, kaccāna, bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññā vimuttā te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ – kāmā vā kāmasukhaṃ vā kāmaggasukhaṃ vā’’ti.
281PTS 2.44緬 2.235已對照

二八一、這樣說時,遊方者韋伽那娑惱怒、不悅,就辱罵世尊、貶斥世尊、指責世尊,[心想]“沙門喬達摩將被陷於[無知的]窘境”,對世尊這樣說:“正是這樣,在此有一些沙門、婆羅門,不知前際、不見後際,卻自稱:‘我們了知:“生已盡,梵行已立,應作已作,再無後有。”’他們的這些話,只成了可笑的,只成了徒有其名的,只成了空虛的,只成了虛妄的。”“迦旃延,凡是那些沙門、婆羅門,不知前際、不見後際,卻自稱:‘我們了知:“生已盡,梵行已立,應作已作,再無後有。”’對他們來說,那本身就是如法的駁斥。不過,迦旃延,前際且擱下,後際且擱下。讓一位有智之人前來,[他]不諂、不誑、心性正直,我教導[他],我為[他]說法。他若照所教導的那樣行道,不久就會自己知道、自己看見:‘原來,從繫縛中正確的解脫是這樣的,即:從無明之繫縛[解脫]。’迦旃延,猶如一個年幼、諸根遲鈍、仰臥的童子,被以頸為第五的諸縛——[即]諸線縛——所縛;隨著他長大、隨著諸根的成熟,那些縛便解開了;他會知道‘我已解脫’,卻不[知道]縛。迦旃延,正是這樣,讓一位有智之人前來,[他]不諂、不誑、心性正直,我教導[他],我為[他]說法。他若照所教導的那樣行道,不久就會自己知道、自己看見:‘原來,從繫縛中正確的解脫是這樣的,即:從無明之繫縛[解脫]。’”

這樣說時,遊方者韋伽那娑對世尊這樣說:“奇哉!喬達摩尊師……乃至……願喬達摩尊師憶持我為優婆塞,從今日起,終生皈依。”

281. Evaṃ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako kupito anattamano bhagavantaṃyeva khuṃsento bhagavantaṃyeva vambhento bhagavantaṃyeva vadamāno ‘‘samaṇo [samaṇo ca (sī. pī.)] gotamo pāpito bhavissatī’’ti bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evameva panidhekacce [panidheke (sī. pī.), panimeke (uparisubhasutte)] samaṇabrāhmaṇā ajānantā pubbantaṃ, apassantā aparantaṃ atha ca pana ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyāti – pajānāmā’ti – paṭijānanti [itthattāyāti paṭijānanti (pī.)]. Tesamidaṃ bhāsitaṃ hassakaṃyeva sampajjati, nāmakaṃyeva sampajjati, rittakaṃyeva sampajjati, tucchakaṃyeva sampajjatī’’ti. ‘‘Ye kho te, kaccāna, samaṇabrāhmaṇā ajānantā pubbantaṃ, apassantā aparantaṃ, ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyāti – pajānāmā’ti – paṭijānanti; tesaṃ soyeva [tesaṃ tesāyaṃ (sī.), tesaṃyeva so (?)] sahadhammiko niggaho hoti. Api ca, kaccāna, tiṭṭhatu pubbanto, tiṭṭhatu aparanto. Etu viññū puriso asaṭho amāyāvī ujujātiko, ahamanusāsāmi ahaṃ dhammaṃ desemi. Yathānusiṭṭhaṃ tathā paṭipajjamāno [yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāno (?)] nacirasseva sāmaññeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhiti – evaṃ kira sammā [evaṃ kirāyasmā (syā. ka.)] bandhanā vippamokkho hoti, yadidaṃ avijjā bandhanā. Seyyathāpi, kaccāna, daharo kumāro mando uttānaseyyako kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi baddho assa suttabandhanehi; tassa vuddhimanvāya indriyānaṃ paripākamanvāya tāni bandhanāni mucceyyuṃ; so mokkhomhīti kho jāneyya no ca bandhanaṃ. Evameva kho, kaccāna, etu viññū puriso asaṭho amāyāvī ujujātiko, ahamanusāsāmi, ahaṃ dhammaṃ desemi; yathānusiṭṭhaṃ tathā paṭipajjamāno nacirasseva sāmaññe ñassati, sāmaṃ dakkhiti – ‘evaṃ kira sammā bandhanā vippamokkho hoti, yadidaṃ avijjā bandhanā’’’ti.
Evaṃ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
Vekhanasasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dasamaṃ.
Paribbājakavaggo niṭṭhito tatiyo.
已對照

《韋伽那娑經》終,[《遊方者品》中之]第十[經]。

《遊方者品》終,第三[品]。

其攝頌——

一白蓮、火、名為共談者,長爪,又婆羅墮婆闍種;

散陀迦、優陀夷、蒙迪迦子,摩尼迦及迦旃延——殊勝之品。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Puṇḍarī-aggisaha-kathināmo, dīghanakho puna bhāradvājagotto;
Sandakaudāyimuṇḍikaputto, maṇiko tathākaccāno varavaggo.
4. Rājavaggo