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中部第45經 · 小法受經 Cūḷadhammasamādānasuttaṃ

本經目錄五、《小法受經》

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五、《小法受經》

5. Cūḷadhammasamādānasuttaṃ
468緬 1.380已對照

四六八、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在舍衛城祇樹給孤獨園。在那裡,世尊呼喚諸比丘:“諸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘應諾世尊。世尊這樣說:“諸比丘,有這四種法受(dhammasamādāna)。何為四?諸比丘,有現在樂而未來苦報的法受;諸比丘,有現在既苦而未來亦苦報的法受;諸比丘,有現在苦而未來樂報的法受;諸比丘,有現在既樂而未來亦樂報的法受。”

468. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānāni. Katamāni cattāri? Atthi, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhaṃ āyatiṃ dukkhavipākaṃ; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhañceva āyatiñca dukkhavipākaṃ; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhaṃ āyatiṃ sukhavipākaṃ; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhañceva āyatiñca sukhavipākaṃ’’.
469PTS 1.307緬 1.382已對照

四六九、“諸比丘,什麼是現在樂而未來苦報的法受呢?諸比丘,有一些沙門婆羅門這樣主張、這樣見解——‘諸欲中沒有過患。’他們便於諸欲入於耽溺,由束髮髻(moḷibaddha)的女遊方者們侍奉[自己]。他們這樣說——‘那些沙門婆羅門尊者們,究竟於諸欲中見到什麼未來之怖畏,才說要舍斷諸欲、施設諸欲之遍知(pariññā)呢?這位女遊方者柔嫩、柔軟、有細毛之臂的觸是樂的啊。’他們便於諸欲入於耽溺。他們於諸欲入於耽溺之後,身壞命終,生到苦界、惡趣、墮處、地獄。他們在那裡感受苦、劇烈、粗猛、辛辣的受。他們[這時]這樣說——‘正是這個,才是那些沙門婆羅門尊者們於諸欲中所見的未來之怖畏,才說要舍斷諸欲、施設諸欲之遍知;因為我們正是以欲為因、以欲為因緣,才感受這苦、劇烈、粗猛、辛辣的受啊。’諸比丘,猶如在熱季的最後一月,葛藤(māluvā)的[果]莢裂開了。諸比丘,於是那葛藤種子落在某棵娑羅樹根下。諸比丘,於是住在那棵娑羅樹中的天神便恐懼、震駭、生起怖畏。諸比丘,於是住在那棵娑羅樹中的天神的朋友、同僚、親族血親,以及園林之天神、林之天神、樹之天神,還有住於諸藥草、諸草與諸林主[樹]中的天神們,聚集會合而這樣安慰[她]——‘閣下不要怕,閣下不要怕;這葛藤種子說不定會被孔雀吞食,或被鹿吃掉,或被野火燒掉,或被林中作務的人掘起,或被白蟻蛀起,又或者它本來就不是[能生的]種子呢。’諸比丘,然而那葛藤種子既沒有被孔雀吞食,沒有被鹿吃掉,沒有被野火燒掉,沒有被林中作務的人掘起,沒有被白蟻蛀起,而那種子為雨季之雲所澆灌,便好好地生長起來。它那葛藤之蔓柔嫩、柔軟、有細毛而垂懸,便依附於那棵娑羅樹。諸比丘,於是住在那棵娑羅樹中的天神便有這樣[的念]——‘那些朋友、同僚、親族血親尊者們,以及園林之天神、林之天神、樹之天神,還有住於諸藥草、諸草與諸林主[樹]中的天神們,究竟於這葛藤種子中見到什麼未來之怖畏,才聚集會合而這樣安慰我——“閣下不要怕,閣下不要怕;這葛藤種子說不定會被孔雀吞食,或被鹿吃掉,或被野火燒掉,或被林中作務的人掘起,或被白蟻蛀起,又或者它本來就不是[能生的]種子呢”?這柔嫩、柔軟、有細毛而垂懸的葛藤之蔓的觸是樂的啊。’它便纏繞那棵娑羅樹。纏繞了那棵娑羅樹之後,在上面作成枝網(viṭabhi)。在上面作成枝網之後,生出密覆(oghana)。生出密覆之後,把那棵娑羅樹一根一根巨大的樹幹都壓裂了。諸比丘,於是住在那棵娑羅樹中的天神便有這樣[的念]——‘正是這個,才是那些朋友、同僚、親族血親尊者們,以及園林之天神、林之天神、樹之天神,還有住於諸藥草、諸草與諸林主[樹]中的天神們,於這葛藤種子中所見的未來之怖畏,才聚集會合而這樣安慰我——“閣下不要怕,閣下不要怕;這葛藤種子說不定會被孔雀吞食,或被鹿吃掉,或被野火燒掉,或被林中作務的人掘起,或被白蟻蛀起,又或者它本來就不是[能生的]種子呢。”而我正是以這葛藤種子為因,才感受這苦、劇烈、粗猛、辛辣的受啊。’諸比丘,正是這樣:有一些沙門婆羅門這樣主張、這樣見解——‘諸欲中沒有過患。’他們便於諸欲入於耽溺,由束髮髻的女遊方者們侍奉[自己]。他們這樣說——‘那些沙門婆羅門尊者們,究竟於諸欲中見到什麼未來之怖畏,才說要舍斷諸欲、施設諸欲之遍知呢?這位女遊方者柔嫩、柔軟、有細毛之臂的觸是樂的啊。’他們便於諸欲入於耽溺。他們於諸欲入於耽溺之後,身壞命終,生到苦界、惡趣、墮處、地獄。他們在那裡感受苦、劇烈、粗猛、辛辣的受。他們[這時]這樣說——‘正是這個,才是那些沙門婆羅門尊者們於諸欲中所見的未來之怖畏,才說要舍斷諸欲、施設諸欲之遍知;因為我們正是以欲為因、以欲為因緣,才感受這苦、劇烈、粗猛、辛辣的受啊。’諸比丘,這稱為現在樂而未來苦報的法受。

469. ‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhaṃ āyatiṃ dukkhavipākaṃ? Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘natthi kāmesu doso’ti. Te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjanti. Te kho moḷibaddhāhi [moḷibandhāhi (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] paribbājikāhi paricārenti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘kiṃsu nāma te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kāmesu anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā kāmānaṃ pahānamāhaṃsu, kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapenti? Sukho imissā paribbājikāya taruṇāya mudukāya lomasāya bāhāya samphasso’ti te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjanti. Te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti. Te tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayanti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘idaṃ kho te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kāmesu anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā kāmānaṃ pahānamāhaṃsu, kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapenti, ime hi mayaṃ kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayāmā’ti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gimhānaṃ pacchime māse māluvāsipāṭikā phaleyya. Atha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, māluvābījaṃ aññatarasmiṃ sālamūle nipateyya. Atha kho, bhikkhave, yā tasmiṃ sāle adhivatthā devatā sā bhītā saṃviggā santāsaṃ āpajjeyya. Atha kho, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ sāle adhivatthāya devatāya mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā ārāmadevatā vanadevatā rukkhadevatā osadhitiṇavanappatīsu adhivatthā devatā saṅgamma samāgamma evaṃ samassāseyyuṃ – ‘mā bhavaṃ bhāyi, mā bhavaṃ bhāyi; appeva nāmetaṃ māluvābījaṃ moro vā gileyya [moro vā gileyya, godhā vā khādeyya (ka.)], mago vā khādeyya, davaḍāho [vanadāho (ka.)] vā ḍaheyya, vanakammikā vā uddhareyyuṃ, upacikā vā uṭṭhaheyyuṃ [udrabheyyuṃ (sī. pī. ka.)], abījaṃ vā panassā’ti. Atha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, māluvābījaṃ neva moro gileyya, na mago khādeyya, na davaḍāho ḍaheyya, na vanakammikā uddhareyyuṃ, na upacikā uṭṭhaheyyuṃ, bījañca panassa taṃ pāvussakena meghena abhippavuṭṭhaṃ sammadeva viruheyya. Sāssa māluvālatā taruṇā mudukā lomasā vilambinī, sā taṃ sālaṃ upaniseveyya. Atha kho, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ sāle adhivatthāya devatāya evamassa – ‘kiṃsu nāma te bhonto mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā ārāmadevatā vanadevatā rukkhadevatā osadhitiṇavanappatīsu adhivatthā devatā māluvābīje anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā saṅgamma samāgamma evaṃ samassāsesuṃ [samassāseyyuṃ (ka.)] – ‘‘mā bhavaṃ bhāyi mā bhavaṃ bhāyi, appeva nāmetaṃ māluvābījaṃ moro vā gileyya, mago vā khādeyya, davaḍāho vā ḍaheyya, vanakammikā vā uddhareyyuṃ, upacikā vā uṭṭhaheyyuṃ, abījaṃ vā panassā’’ti; sukho imissā māluvālatāya taruṇāya mudukāya lomasāya vilambiniyā samphasso’ti. Sā taṃ sālaṃ anuparihareyya. Sā taṃ sālaṃ anupariharitvā upari viṭabhiṃ [viṭapaṃ (syā. ṭṭha.)] kareyya. Upari viṭabhiṃ karitvā oghanaṃ janeyya. Oghanaṃ janetvā ye tassa sālassa mahantā mahantā khandhā te padāleyya. Atha kho, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ sāle adhivatthāya devatāya evamassa – ‘idaṃ kho te bhonto mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā ārāmadevatā vanadevatā rukkhadevatā osadhitiṇavanappatīsu adhivatthā devatā māluvābīje anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā saṅgamma samāgamma evaṃ samassāsesuṃ [samassāseyyuṃ (ka.)] – ‘‘mā bhavaṃ bhāyi mā bhavaṃ bhāyi, appeva nāmetaṃ māluvābījaṃ moro vā gileyya, mago vā khādeyya, davaḍāho vā ḍaheyya, vanakammikā vā uddhareyyuṃ, upacikā vā uṭṭhaheyyuṃ abījaṃ vā panassā’’ti. Yañcāhaṃ [yaṃ vāhaṃ (ka.), svāhaṃ (syā. kaṃ.)] māluvābījahetu dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayāmī’ti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, santi eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino ‘natthi kāmesu doso’ti. Te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjanti. Te moḷibaddhāhi paribbājikāhi paricārenti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘kiṃsu nāma te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kāmesu anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā kāmānaṃ pahānamāhaṃsu, kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapenti? Sukho imissā paribbājikāya taruṇāya mudukāya lomasāya bāhāya samphasso’ti. Te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjanti. Te kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti. Te tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayanti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘idaṃ kho te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kāmesu anāgatabhayaṃ sampassamānā kāmānaṃ pahānamāhaṃsu, kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapenti. Ime hi mayaṃ kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayāmā’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhaṃ āyatiṃ dukkhavipākaṃ.
470PTS 1.308緬 1.383已對照

四七〇、“諸比丘,什麼是現在既苦而未來亦苦報的法受呢?諸比丘,在此,有人是裸行者(acelaka),行為無拘,舔手[而食],[被喚]‘來吧,尊者’而不來,[被喚]‘請住,尊者’而不住,不領受特地持來的[食物],不領受特為[他]而作的[食物],不領受邀請。他不從鍋口領受,不從盆口領受,不[領受]隔著門檻的、不[領受]隔著棍杖的、不[領受]隔著杵的[食物],不[領受]二人共食時[其中一人所施]的,不[領受]孕婦的,不[領受]哺乳婦的,不[領受]正與男子相處的婦人的,不[領受]募集共煮的,不[領受]有狗守候之處的,不[領受]蒼蠅成群飛集之處的;不[食]魚,不[食]肉,不飲谷酒,不[飲]花果酒,不飲糠水。他或是一家[乞食]者、一團[食]者,或是二家[乞食]者、二團[食]者……乃至……或是七家[乞食]者、七團[食]者;他以一施缽[之食]維生,以二施缽[之食]維生……以七施缽[之食]維生;他隔一日進一次食,隔二日進一次食……隔七日進一次食。他就這樣住於修習乃至半月一次的定期進食(pariyāyabhattabhojana)之行。他或以菜蔬為食,或以稷米為食,或以野生稻為食,或以皮屑為食,或以水藻為食,或以米糠為食,或以鍋巴為食,或以胡麻渣為食,或以草為食,或以牛糞為食;以林中的根果為食而維生,食自落之果。他也穿麻衣,也穿麻混織衣,也穿裹屍布衣,也穿糞掃衣,也穿樹皮衣,也穿羚羊皮,也穿羚羊皮條衣,也穿吉祥草衣,也穿樹皮纖維衣,也穿木片衣,也穿人發毯,也穿馬尾毛毯,也穿梟羽衣;他是拔除鬚髮者,住於拔除鬚髮之行;他是常立者,拒絕座位;他是蹲踞者,住於蹲踞精勤之行;他是臥刺者,在刺床上安置臥處[參見《中部》1.155《大獅子吼經》];他住於以傍晚為第三次的入水之行——他就這樣住於修習種種炙烤、逼迫身體之行。他身壞命終,生到苦界、惡趣、墮處、地獄。諸比丘,這稱為現在既苦而未來亦苦報的法受。

470. ‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhañceva āyatiñca dukkhavipākaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco acelako hoti muttācāro hatthāpalekhano, naehibhaddantiko, natiṭṭhabhaddantiko, nābhihaṭaṃ, na uddissakataṃ, na nimantanaṃ sādiyati, so na kumbhimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na kaḷopimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na eḷakamantaraṃ, na daṇḍamantaraṃ, na musalamantaraṃ, na dvinnaṃ bhuñjamānānaṃ, na gabbhiniyā, na pāyamānāya, na purisantaragatāya, na saṅkittīsu, na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti, na yattha makkhikā saṇḍasaṇḍacārinī, na macchaṃ, na maṃsaṃ, na suraṃ, na merayaṃ, na thusodakaṃ pivati. So ekāgāriko vā hoti ekālopiko, dvāgāriko vā hoti dvālopiko…pe… sattāgāriko vā hoti sattālopiko. Ekissāpi dattiyā yāpeti, dvīhipi dattīhi yāpeti… sattahipi dattīhi yāpeti. Ekāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti, dvīhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti… sattāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti. Iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. So sākabhakkho vā hoti, sāmākabhakkho vā hoti, nīvārabhakkho vā hoti, daddulabhakkho vā hoti, haṭabhakkho vā hoti, kaṇabhakkho vā hoti, ācāmabhakkho vā hoti, piññākabhakkho vā hoti, tiṇabhakkho vā hoti, gomayabhakkho vā hoti, vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. So sāṇānipi dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti, chavadussānipi dhāreti, paṃsukūlānipi dhāreti, tirīṭānipi dhāreti, ajinampi dhāreti, ajinakkhipampi dhāreti, kusacīrampi dhāreti, vākacīrampi dhāreti, phalakacīrampi dhāreti, kesakambalampi dhāreti, vāḷakambalampi dhāreti, ulūkapakkhampi dhāreti, kesamassulocakopi hoti, kesamassulocanānuyogamanuyutto, ubbhaṭṭhakopi hoti, āsanapaṭikkhitto, ukkuṭikopi hoti ukkuṭikappadhānamanuyutto, kaṇṭakāpassayikopi hoti, kaṇṭakāpassaye seyyaṃ kappeti [passa ma. ni. 1.155 mahāsīhanādasutte], sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Iti evarūpaṃ anekavihitaṃ kāyassa ātāpanaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhañceva āyatiñca dukkhavipākaṃ.
471已對照

四七一、“諸比丘,什麼是現在苦而未來樂報的法受呢?諸比丘,在此,有人本性是貪熾盛者(tibbarāgajātika),他屢屢感受由貪所生的苦與憂;[有人]本性是瞋熾盛者,他屢屢感受由瞋所生的苦與憂;[有人]本性是痴熾盛者,他屢屢感受由痴所生的苦與憂。他雖帶著苦、帶著憂,滿面流淚而哭泣,[仍]行圓滿、清淨的梵行。他身壞命終,生到善趣、天界。諸比丘,這稱為現在苦而未來樂報的法受。

471. ‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhaṃ āyatiṃ sukhavipākaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco pakatiyā tibbarāgajātiko hoti, so abhikkhaṇaṃ rāgajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti; pakatiyā tibbadosajātiko hoti, so abhikkhaṇaṃ dosajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti; pakatiyā tibbamohajātiko hoti, so abhikkhaṇaṃ mohajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. So sahāpi dukkhena, sahāpi domanassena, assumukhopi rudamāno paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhaṃ āyatiṃ sukhavipākaṃ.
472PTS 1.309已對照

四七二、“諸比丘,什麼是現在既樂而未來亦樂報的法受呢?諸比丘,在此,有人本性不是貪熾盛者,他不屢屢感受由貪所生的苦與憂;[有人]本性不是瞋熾盛者,他不屢屢感受由瞋所生的苦與憂;[有人]本性不是痴熾盛者,他不屢屢感受由痴所生的苦與憂。他已離諸欲,離諸不善法,有尋、有伺,離生喜、樂,成就並住於初禪;尋、伺寂止,內潔淨,心專一性,無尋、無伺,定生喜、樂,[成就並住於]第二禪……乃至……第三禪……第四禪,成就並住。他身壞命終,生到善趣、天界。諸比丘,這稱為現在既樂而未來亦樂報的法受。諸比丘,這就是四種法受。”

472. ‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhañceva āyatiñca sukhavipākaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco pakatiyā na tibbarāgajātiko hoti, so na abhikkhaṇaṃ rāgajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti; pakatiyā na tibbadosajātiko hoti, so na abhikkhaṇaṃ dosajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti; pakatiyā na tibbamohajātiko hoti, so na abhikkhaṇaṃ mohajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. So vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhañceva āyatiñca sukhavipākaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri dhammasamādānānī’’ti.
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世尊說了這[話]。那些比丘心意滿悅,歡喜世尊所說。

Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
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《小法受經》終,[《小雙品》中之]第五[經]。

Cūḷadhammasamādānasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ pañcamaṃ.