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中部第34經 · 小牧牛者經 Cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ

本經目錄四、《小牧牛者經》

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四、《小牧牛者經》

4. Cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ
350PTS 1.225已對照

三五〇、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在跋耆國(Vajjī)的鬱伽支羅(Ukkacelā),在恆河(Gaṅgā)岸邊。在那裡,世尊召喚諸比丘:“諸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘應諾世尊。世尊這樣說——

350. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vajjīsu viharati ukkacelāyaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
緬 1.287已對照

“諸比丘,從前有一個摩揭陀(Magadha)的牧牛者,生性劣慧,在雨季最後一月的秋時,既不察看恆河的此岸,也不察看彼岸,就從非渡處使牛渡向北岸、蘇毗提訶(Suvideha)人[之地]。諸比丘,於是那些牛在恆河的水流中央結成圓團,就在那裡遭遇了衰敗與毀滅。這是什麼緣故呢?諸比丘,因為那個摩揭陀的牧牛者生性劣慧,在雨季最後一月的秋時,既不察看恆河的此岸,也不察看彼岸,就從非渡處使牛渡向北岸、蘇毗提訶人[之地]。諸比丘,正是這樣:凡是那些沙門或婆羅門,對此世不善巧、對他世不善巧,對魔的領域不善巧、對非魔的領域不善巧,對死的領域不善巧、對非死的領域不善巧——那些以為他們[的話]應聽、應信的人,這於他們將長夜帶來不利、帶來苦。

‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako duppaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, asamavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, asamavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, atittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, gāvo majjhegaṅgāya nadiyā sote āmaṇḍaliyaṃ karitvā tattheva anayabyasanaṃ āpajjiṃsu. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako duppaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, asamavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, asamavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, atittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci [ye keci (syā. kaṃ.)] samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā akusalā imassa lokassa akusalā parassa lokassa, akusalā māradheyyassa akusalā amāradheyyassa, akusalā maccudheyyassa akusalā amaccudheyyassa, tesaṃ ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
351PTS 1.226緬 1.288已對照

三五一、“諸比丘,從前有一個摩揭陀的牧牛者,生性具慧,在雨季最後一月的秋時,既察看了恆河的此岸,也察看了彼岸,就從渡處使牛渡向北岸、蘇毗提訶人[之地]。他先使那些為牛之父、為牛群導首的牛王渡過;它們橫斷恆河的水流,安穩地到達了彼岸。然後又使強壯的牛與可調馴的牛渡過;它們也橫斷恆河的水流,安穩地到達了彼岸。然後又使小公牛、小母牛渡過;它們也橫斷恆河的水流,安穩地到達了彼岸。然後又使瘦弱的小牛犢渡過;它們也橫斷恆河的水流,安穩地到達了彼岸。諸比丘,從前還有一頭當天才出生的幼小牛犢,被母牛的哞聲所引而行,它也橫斷恆河的水流,安穩地到達了彼岸。這是什麼緣故呢?諸比丘,因為那個摩揭陀的牧牛者生性具慧,在雨季最後一月的秋時,既察看了恆河的此岸,也察看了彼岸,就從渡處使牛渡向北岸、蘇毗提訶人[之地]。諸比丘,正是這樣:凡是那些沙門或婆羅門,對此世善巧、對他世善巧,對魔的領域善巧、對非魔的領域善巧,對死的領域善巧、對非死的領域善巧——那些以為他們[的話]應聽、應信的人,這於他們將長夜帶來利益、帶來安樂。

351. ‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako sappaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, samavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, samavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, tittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. So paṭhamaṃ patāresi ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā. Te tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi balavagāvo dammagāvo. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi vacchatare vacchatariyo. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi vacchake kisābalake [kisabalake (sī. syā. pī.)]. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, vacchako taruṇako tāvadeva jātako mātugoravakena vuyhamāno, sopi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamāsi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako sappaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, samavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, samavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, tittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā kusalā imassa lokassa kusalā parassa lokassa, kusalā māradheyyassa kusalā amāradheyyassa, kusalā maccudheyyassa kusalā amaccudheyyassa, tesaṃ ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.
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三五二、“諸比丘,猶如那些為牛之父、為牛群導首的牛王橫斷恆河的水流,安穩地到達了彼岸;諸比丘,正是這樣:那些已是阿羅漢、諸漏已盡、已住畢[梵行]、所作已作、已放下擔、已達自己的目標、有之繫縛已遍盡、以正智而解脫的比丘,他們[已]橫斷魔的水流,安穩地到達了彼岸。

352. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññā vimuttā, te tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gatā.
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“諸比丘,猶如那些強壯的牛與可調馴的牛橫斷恆河的水流,安穩地到達了彼岸;諸比丘,正是這樣:那些以五下分結的遍盡而為化生者、將在那裡般涅槃、是不再從那世間還來之法者的比丘,他們也將橫斷魔的水流,安穩地到達彼岸。

‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, balavagāvo dammagāvo tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
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“諸比丘,猶如那些小公牛、小母牛橫斷恆河的水流,安穩地到達了彼岸;諸比丘,正是這樣:那些以三結的遍盡、以貪瞋痴的轉薄而為斯陀含、只來這世間一次便將作苦之邊際的比丘,他們也將橫斷魔的水流,安穩地到達彼岸。

‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, vacchatarā vacchatariyo tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmino sakiṃdeva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karissanti, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
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“諸比丘,猶如那些瘦弱的小牛犢橫斷恆河的水流,安穩地到達了彼岸;諸比丘,正是這樣:那些以三結的遍盡而為須陀洹、是不墮惡趣之法者、決定趣向正覺的比丘,他們也將橫斷魔的水流,安穩地到達彼岸。

‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, vacchakā kisābalakā tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyanā, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
緬 1.289已對照

“諸比丘,猶如那頭當天才出生的幼小牛犢被母牛的哞聲所引而行,橫斷恆河的水流,安穩地到達了彼岸;諸比丘,正是這樣:那些隨法行者、隨信行者的比丘,他們也將橫斷魔的水流,安穩地到達彼岸。

‘‘Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, vacchako taruṇako tāvadeva jātako mātugoravakena vuyhamāno tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamāsi, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū dhammānusārino saddhānusārino, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
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“而諸比丘,我對此世善巧、對他世善巧,對魔的領域善巧、對非魔的領域善巧,對死的領域善巧、對非死的領域善巧。諸比丘,那些以為我[的話]應聽、應信的人,這於他們將長夜帶來利益、帶來安樂。”

‘‘Ahaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, kusalo imassa lokassa kusalo parassa lokassa, kusalo māradheyyassa kusalo amāradheyyassa, kusalo maccudheyyassa kusalo amaccudheyyassa. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti.
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世尊說了這[番話]。善逝說了這[番話]之後,導師又接著這樣說——

Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvā sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
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“此世與他世,已為知者所善示;

‘‘Ayaṃ loko paro loko, jānatā suppakāsito;
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以及凡為魔所達者,與凡不為死所達者。

Yañca mārena sampattaṃ, appattaṃ yañca maccunā.
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“由遍知一切世間的、了知的正等正覺者,

‘‘Sabbaṃ lokaṃ abhiññāya, sambuddhena pajānatā;
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不死之門已開啟,[乃]為證得涅槃之安穩。

Vivaṭaṃ amatadvāraṃ, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā.
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“波旬(pāpimā)之流已斷,已被摧破,已成離慢葦者;

‘‘Chinnaṃ pāpimato sotaṃ, viddhastaṃ vinaḷīkataṃ;
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諸比丘,你們要成為多愉悅者,[你們]已得安穩!”

Pāmojjabahulā hotha, khemaṃ pattattha [patthetha (syā. kaṃ. ka. aṭṭhakathāyaṃ saṃvaṇṇetabbapāṭho)] bhikkhavo’’ti.
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《小牧牛者經》終,[《大雙品》中之]第四[經]。

Cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.