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中部第3經 · 法嗣經 Dhammadāyādasuttaṃ

本經目錄三、法嗣經

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三、法嗣經

3. Dhammadāyādasuttaṃ
29已對照

二十九、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在舍衛城(Sāvatthī)的祇樹林(Jetavana)給孤獨園(Anāthapiṇḍika 之園)。在那裡,世尊召喚諸比丘:“諸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘應諾世尊。世尊這樣說——

29. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
緬 1.16已對照

“諸比丘,你們要作我的法嗣(dhammadāyāda),不要作財嗣(āmisadāyāda)。我對你們懷有悲憫(anukampā):‘怎樣才能使我的弟子們成為法嗣,而不是財嗣呢?’諸比丘,倘若你們成了我的財嗣而不是法嗣,你們也會因此而被指舉(ādiya)——‘導師的弟子們作財嗣而住,不作法嗣’;我也會因此而被指舉——‘導師的弟子們作財嗣而住,不作法嗣’。諸比丘,倘若你們成了我的法嗣而不是財嗣,你們也不會因此而被指舉——‘導師的弟子們作法嗣而住,不作財嗣’;我也不會因此而被指舉——‘導師的弟子們作法嗣而住,不作財嗣’。所以,諸比丘,你們要作我的法嗣,不要作財嗣。我對你們懷有悲憫:‘怎樣才能使我的弟子們成為法嗣,而不是財嗣呢?’

‘‘Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti. Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, āmisadāyādā bhaveyyātha no dhammadāyādā, tumhepi tena ādiyā [ādissā (sī. syā. pī.)] bhaveyyātha – ‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti; ahampi tena ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ – ‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti. Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhaveyyātha, no āmisadāyādā, tumhepi tena na ādiyā bhaveyyātha – ‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti; ahampi tena na ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ – ‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti. Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti.
30PTS 1.13緬 1.17已對照

三十、“諸比丘,假設我在此已食(bhuttāvī),已自恣(pavārito),已圓滿(paripuṇṇo),已終畢(pariyosito),已滿足(suhito),隨其所欲[而足](yāvadattho);而我的團食(piṇḍapāta)尚有餘,是應棄之物。這時來了兩位比丘,為飢餓與虛弱所困。我便這樣對他們說:‘諸比丘,我已食,已自恣,已圓滿,已終畢,已滿足,隨其所欲[而足];而我這團食尚有餘,是應棄之物。你們若願意,就吃吧;倘若你們不吃,我現在就要把它棄於少草之處,或沉入無蟲之水中。’其中一位比丘會這樣想:‘世尊已食,已自恣,已圓滿,已終畢,已滿足,隨其所欲[而足];而世尊這團食尚有餘,是應棄之物。我們若不吃,世尊現在就要把它棄於少草之處,或沉入無蟲之水中。然而世尊曾這樣說過:「諸比丘,你們要作我的法嗣,不要作財嗣。」而這團食正是財之一種。我不如不吃這團食,就以這飢餓與虛弱這樣度過這一晝夜。’他便不吃那團食,就以那飢餓與虛弱這樣度過了那一晝夜。此時第二位比丘會這樣想:‘世尊已食,已自恣,已圓滿,已終畢,已滿足,隨其所欲[而足];而世尊這團食尚有餘,是應棄之物。我們若不吃,世尊現在就要把它棄於少草之處,或沉入無蟲之水中。我不如吃了這團食,除去飢餓與虛弱,這樣度過這一晝夜。’他便吃了那團食,除去飢餓與虛弱,這樣度過了那一晝夜。諸比丘,那位比丘雖然吃了那團食、除去飢餓與虛弱、這樣度過了那一晝夜,然而於我,正是那前一位比丘更可尊敬(pujjatara)、更可稱讚(pāsaṃsatara)。這是什麼緣故呢?諸比丘,因為那[不食]將於長夜使那位比丘趣向少欲(appicchatā)、知足(santuṭṭhi)、削減[煩惱](sallekha)、易養(subharatā)、發起精進(vīriyārambha)。所以,諸比丘,你們要作我的法嗣,不要作財嗣。我對你們懷有悲憫:‘怎樣才能使我的弟子們成為法嗣,而不是財嗣呢?’”

30. ‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī assaṃ pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; siyā ca me piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo [chaḍḍiyadhammo (sī. syā. pī.)]. Atha dve bhikkhū āgaccheyyuṃ jighacchādubbalya- [jighacchādubballa (sī. pī.)] paretā. Tyāhaṃ evaṃ vadeyyaṃ – ‘ahaṃ khomhi, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi ca me ayaṃ piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace ākaṅkhatha, bhuñjatha, no ce tumhe bhuñjissatha [sace tumhe na bhuñjissatha (sī. syā. pī.)], idānāhaṃ appaharite vā chaḍḍessāmi, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessāmī’ti. Tatrekassa bhikkhuno evamassa – ‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati’. Vuttaṃ kho panetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā’ti. Āmisaññataraṃ kho panetaṃ, yadidaṃ piṇḍapāto. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā imināva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ [rattidivaṃ (ka.)] vītināmeyya’’nti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā teneva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. Atha dutiyassa bhikkhuno evamassa – ‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā [paṭivinetvā (sī. syā. pī.)] evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya’nti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. Kiñcāpi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya, atha kho asuyeva me purimo bhikkhu pujjataro ca pāsaṃsataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno dīgharattaṃ appicchatāya santuṭṭhiyā sallekhāya subharatāya vīriyārambhāya saṃvattissati. Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’’’ti.
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世尊說了這[經]。說了這[語]之後,善逝(sugata)從座而起,進入了住處。

Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna [vatvā (sī. pī.) evamīdisesu ṭhānesu] sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.
31PTS 1.14已對照

三十一、於是,世尊離去不久,具壽舍利弗便召喚諸比丘:“賢友們,諸比丘。”“賢友。”那些比丘應諾具壽舍利弗。具壽舍利弗這樣說——

31. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto acirapakkantassa bhagavato bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
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“賢友們,導師獨處(pavivitta)而住,弟子到何等程度[才是]不隨學遠離(viveka),又到何等程度[才是]隨學遠離呢?”“賢友,我們縱從遠處而來,也正是為了到具壽舍利弗跟前領解這話的義。善哉!願這話的義正歸於具壽舍利弗[來顯明];諸比丘聽了具壽舍利弗[所說],當會憶持。”“那麼,賢友們,你們聽著,好好地作意,我要說了。”“是,賢友。”那些比丘應諾具壽舍利弗。具壽舍利弗這樣說——

‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, kittāvatā ca pana satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’’ti? ‘‘Dūratopi kho mayaṃ, āvuso, āgacchāma āyasmato sāriputtassa santike etassa bhāsitassa atthamaññātuṃ. Sādhu vatāyasmantaṃyeva sāriputtaṃ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho; āyasmato sāriputtassa sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
緬 1.18已對照

“賢友們,導師獨處而住,弟子到何等程度[才是]不隨學遠離呢?賢友們,此中,導師獨處而住,弟子不隨學遠離;導師所說應斷的那些法,他們不斷;[他們]行於豐厚(bāhulika),鬆懈(sāthalika),於退墮(okkamana)為先導,於遠離(paviveka)放棄責任(nikkhittadhura)。賢友們,此中,長老比丘因三處(ṭhāna)而應受呵責。‘導師獨處而住,弟子不隨學遠離’——因這第一處,長老比丘應受呵責。‘導師所說應斷的那些法,他們不斷’——因這第二處,長老比丘應受呵責。‘[他們]行於豐厚,鬆懈,於退墮為先導,於遠離放棄責任’——因這第三處,長老比丘應受呵責。賢友們,長老比丘因這三處而應受呵責。賢友們,此中,中級比丘……乃至……新學比丘因三處而應受呵責。‘導師獨處而住,弟子不隨學遠離’——因這第一處,新學比丘應受呵責。‘導師所說應斷的那些法,他們不斷’——因這第二處,新學比丘應受呵責。‘[他們]行於豐厚,鬆懈,於退墮為先導,於遠離放棄責任’——因這第三處,新學比丘應受呵責。賢友們,新學比丘因這三處而應受呵責。賢友們,到這等程度,導師獨處而住,弟子[即是]不隨學遠離。

‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti? Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha, te ca dhamme nappajahanti, bāhulikā [bāhullikā (syā.)] ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā. Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Bāhulikā ca, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū…pe… navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti.
32PTS 1.15緬 1.19已對照

三十二、“賢友們,又到何等程度,導師獨處而住,弟子[才是]隨學遠離呢?賢友們,此中,導師獨處而住,弟子隨學遠離——導師所說應斷的那些法,他們斷;[他們]不行於豐厚,不鬆懈,於退墮放棄責任,於遠離為先導。賢友們,此中,長老比丘因三處而應受稱讚。‘導師獨處而住,弟子隨學遠離’——因這第一處,長老比丘應受稱讚。‘導師所說應斷的那些法,他們斷’——因這第二處,長老比丘應受稱讚。‘[他們]不行於豐厚,不鬆懈,於退墮放棄責任,於遠離為先導’——因這第三處,長老比丘應受稱讚。賢友們,長老比丘因這三處而應受稱讚。賢友們,此中,中級比丘……乃至……新學比丘因三處而應受稱讚。‘導師獨處而住,弟子隨學遠離’——因這第一處,新學比丘應受稱讚。‘導師所說應斷的那些法,他們斷’——因這第二處,新學比丘應受稱讚。‘[他們]不行於豐厚,不鬆懈,於退墮放棄責任,於遠離為先導’——因這第三處,新學比丘應受稱讚。賢友們,新學比丘因這三處而應受稱讚。賢友們,到這等程度,導師獨處而住,弟子[即是]隨學遠離。

32. ‘‘Kittāvatā ca, panāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti? Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti – yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahanti; na ca bāhulikā honti, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā. Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū…pe… navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti.
33已對照

三十三、“賢友們,此中,貪(lobha)是惡的,瞋(dosa)也是惡的。為斷除貪、為斷除瞋,有能生眼、能生智,導向寂靜、證智、正覺、涅槃的中道(majjhimā paṭipadā)。賢友們,那能生眼、能生智,導向寂靜、證智、正覺、涅槃的中道是什麼呢?就是這八支聖道,即:正見、正思惟、正語、正業、正命、正精進、正念、正定。賢友們,這就是那能生眼、能生智,導向寂靜、證智、正覺、涅槃的中道。

33. ‘‘Tatrāvuso, lobho ca pāpako doso ca pāpako. Lobhassa ca pahānāya dosassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ [seyyathīdaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati.
PTS 1.16已對照

“賢友們,此中,忿(kodha)是惡的,怨恨(upanāha)也是惡的……乃至……覆蔑(makkha)是惡的,攀齊(paḷāsa)也是惡的;嫉(issā)是惡的,慳(macchera)也是惡的;誑(māyā)是惡的,諂(sāṭheyya)也是惡的;頑固(thambha)是惡的,激憤(sārambha)也是惡的;慢(māna)是惡的,過慢(atimāna)也是惡的;驕(mada)是惡的,放逸(pamāda)也是惡的。為斷除驕、為斷除放逸,有能生眼、能生智,導向寂靜、證智、正覺、涅槃的中道。賢友們,那能生眼、能生智,導向寂靜、證智、正覺、涅槃的中道是什麼呢?就是這八支聖道,即:正見、正思惟、正語、正業、正命、正精進、正念、正定。賢友們,這就是那能生眼、能生智,導向寂靜、證智、正覺、涅槃的中道。”

‘‘Tatrāvuso, kodho ca pāpako upanāho ca pāpako…pe… makkho ca pāpako paḷāso ca pāpako, issā ca pāpikā maccherañca pāpakaṃ, māyā ca pāpikā sāṭheyyañca pāpakaṃ, thambho ca pāpako sārambho ca pāpako, māno ca pāpako atimāno ca pāpako, mado ca pāpako pamādo ca pāpako. Madassa ca pahānāya pamādassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī’’ti.
已對照

具壽舍利弗說了這[語]。那些比丘心滿意足,歡喜具壽舍利弗所說。

Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
已對照

《法嗣經》終,[《根本法門品》中之]第三[經]。

Dhammadāyādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.