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中部第23經 · 蟻垤經 Vammikasuttaṃ

本經目錄三、《蟻垤經》

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三、《蟻垤經》

3. Vammikasuttaṃ
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二百四十九、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在舍衛城(Sāvatthī)的祇樹林(Jetavana)給孤獨園(Anāthapiṇḍika 之園)。而那時,具壽鳩摩羅迦葉(Kumārakassapa)住在安陀林(Andhavana)。於是有一位天神,在夜將盡時、容色殊勝,遍照了整座安陀林,來到具壽鳩摩羅迦葉之處;到了之後,站在一旁。站在一旁的那位天神對具壽鳩摩羅迦葉這樣說——

249. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā kumārakassapo andhavane viharati. Atha kho aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ andhavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāyasmā kumārakassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā āyasmantaṃ kumārakassapaṃ etadavoca –
PTS 1.143緬 1.196已對照

“比丘,比丘,這座蟻垤(vammika)夜間冒煙,晝間燃燒。婆羅門這樣說:‘善慧(sumedha),持刀(sattha)掘(abhikkhaṇa)下去。’善慧持刀掘著,見到了一根門閂(laṅgī)。‘尊者,是門閂。’婆羅門這樣說:‘除去門閂;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘著,見到了一隻脹蛙(uddhumāyikā)。‘尊者,是脹蛙。’婆羅門這樣說:‘除去脹蛙;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘著,見到了一處岔路(dvidhāpatha)。‘尊者,是岔路。’婆羅門這樣說:‘除去岔路;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘著,見到了一隻濾器(caṅgavāra)。‘尊者,是濾器。’婆羅門這樣說:‘除去濾器;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘著,見到了一隻龜(kumma)。‘尊者,是龜。’婆羅門這樣說:‘除去龜;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘著,見到了一副刀砧(asisūnā)。‘尊者,是刀砧。’婆羅門這樣說:‘除去刀砧;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘著,見到了一塊肉塊(maṃsapesi)。‘尊者,是肉塊。’婆羅門這樣說:‘除去肉塊;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘著,見到了一條龍(nāga)。‘尊者,是龍。’婆羅門這樣說:‘讓龍住著吧,不要觸犯龍;你當向龍作禮敬。’”

‘‘Bhikkhu bhikkhu, ayaṃ vammiko [vammīko (katthaci) sakkatānurūpaṃ] rattiṃ dhūmāyati, divā pajjalati. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa laṅgiṃ ‘laṅgī, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa laṅgiṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa uddhumāyikaṃ. ‘Uddhumāyikā, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa uddhumāyikaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa dvidhāpathaṃ. ‘Dvidhāpatho, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa dvidhāpathaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa caṅgavāraṃ [paṅkavāraṃ (syā.), caṅkavāraṃ (ka.)]. ‘Caṅgavāro, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa caṅgavāraṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa kummaṃ. ‘Kummo, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa kummaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa asisūnaṃ. ‘Asisūnā, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa asisūnaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa maṃsapesiṃ. ‘Maṃsapesi, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa maṃsapesiṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa nāgaṃ. ‘Nāgo, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘tiṭṭhatu nāgo, mā nāgaṃ ghaṭṭesi; namo karohi nāgassā’’’ti.
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“比丘,你當去世尊之處請問這些問題;世尊怎樣為你解答,你便怎樣受持它。比丘,在這連同天、連同魔、連同梵的世間,在這連同沙門婆羅門、連同天與人的眾生中,我不見有誰能以對這些問題的解答使[人]心得滿足——除了如來,或如來的弟子,或從這裡聽聞[而知]者。”——那位天神這樣說了。說了這[話],就在那裡隱沒了。

‘‘Ime kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pañhe bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā puccheyyāsi, yathā ca te bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāsi. Nāhaṃ taṃ, bhikkhu, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya, yo imesaṃ pañhānaṃ veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheyya aññatra tathāgatena vā, tathāgatasāvakena vā, ito vā pana sutvā’’ti – idamavoca sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi.
250緬 1.197已對照

二百五十、於是具壽鳩摩羅迦葉在那一夜過後,來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具壽鳩摩羅迦葉對世尊這樣說——“尊者,這一夜有一位天神,在夜將盡時、容色殊勝,遍照了整座安陀林,來到我這裡;到了之後,站在一旁。尊者,站在一旁的那位天神對我這樣說——‘比丘,比丘,這座蟻垤夜間冒煙,晝間燃燒。’婆羅門這樣說:‘善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘著……乃至……或從這裡聽聞[而知]者。尊者,那位天神這樣說了。說了這[話],就在那裡隱沒了。‘尊者,什麼是蟻垤?什麼是夜間冒煙?什麼是晝間燃燒?誰是婆羅門?誰是善慧?什麼是刀?什麼是掘?什麼是門閂?什麼是脹蛙?什麼是岔路?什麼是濾器?什麼是龜?什麼是刀砧?什麼是肉塊?什麼是龍?’”

250. Atha kho āyasmā kumārakassapo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā kumārakassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘imaṃ, bhante, rattiṃ aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ andhavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho, bhante, sā devatā maṃ etadavoca – ‘bhikkhu bhikkhu, ayaṃ vammiko rattiṃ dhūmāyati, divā pajjalati’. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya…pe… ito vā pana sutvāti. Idamavoca, bhante, sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi. ‘Ko nu kho, bhante, vammiko, kā rattiṃ dhūmāyanā, kā divā pajjalanā, ko brāhmaṇo, ko sumedho, kiṃ satthaṃ, kiṃ abhikkhaṇaṃ, kā laṅgī, kā uddhumāyikā, ko dvidhāpatho, kiṃ caṅgavāraṃ, ko kummo, kā asisūnā, kā maṃsapesi, ko nāgo’’’ti?
251PTS 1.144已對照

二百五十一、“比丘,‘蟻垤’,這是這個四大所成(cātumahābhūtika)之身的增語(adhivacana)——[此身]由父母所生,靠飯食與粥團積聚而成,是無常、塗敷、按摩、破壞、毀滅之法。

251. ‘‘‘Vammiko’ti kho, bhikkhu, imassetaṃ cātumahābhūtikassa [cātummahābhūtikassa (sī. syā. pī.)] kāyassa adhivacanaṃ, mātāpettikasambhavassa odanakummāsūpacayassa aniccucchādana-parimaddanabhedana-viddhaṃsana-dhammassa.
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“比丘,凡緣於晝間的諸事業而於夜間反覆尋思、反覆審察——這就是‘夜間冒煙’。比丘,凡於夜間反覆尋思、反覆審察之後,晝間便以身、以語、以意把那些事業付諸實行——這就是‘晝間燃燒’。

‘‘Yaṃ kho, bhikkhu, divā kammante [kammantaṃ (ka.)] ārabbha rattiṃ anuvitakketi anuvicāreti – ayaṃ rattiṃ dhūmāyanā. Yaṃ kho, bhikkhu, rattiṃ anuvitakketvā anuvicāretvā divā kammante payojeti kāyena vācāya ‘manasā’ [( ) natthi (sī. syā.)] – ayaṃ divā pajjalanā.
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“比丘,‘婆羅門’,這是如來、阿羅漢、正等正覺者的增語。比丘,‘善慧’,這是有學(sekha)比丘的增語。

‘‘‘Brāhmaṇo’ti kho, bhikkhu, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa. ‘Sumedho’ti kho bhikkhu sekkhassetaṃ bhikkhuno adhivacanaṃ.
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“比丘,‘刀’,這是聖慧(ariyā paññā)的增語。比丘,‘掘’,這是發起精進(vīriyārambha)的增語。

‘‘‘Sattha’nti kho, bhikkhu, ariyāyetaṃ paññāya adhivacanaṃ. ‘Abhikkhaṇa’nti kho, bhikkhu, vīriyārambhassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
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“比丘,‘門閂’,這是無明的增語。‘除去門閂,舍斷無明;善慧,持刀掘下去’——這就是此[語]的義。

‘‘‘Laṅgī’ti kho, bhikkhu, avijjāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa laṅgiṃ, pajaha avijjaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘脹蛙’,這是忿惱(kodhūpāyāsa)的增語。‘除去脹蛙,舍斷忿惱;善慧,持刀掘下去’——這就是此[語]的義。

‘‘‘Uddhumāyikā’ti kho, bhikkhu, kodhūpāyāsassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa uddhumāyikaṃ, pajaha kodhūpāyāsaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘岔路’,這是疑(vicikicchā)的增語。‘除去岔路,舍斷疑;善慧,持刀掘下去’——這就是此[語]的義。

‘‘‘Dvidhāpatho’ti kho, bhikkhu, vicikicchāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa dvidhāpathaṃ, pajaha vicikicchaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘濾器’,這是五蓋(pañca nīvaraṇā)的增語,即:欲欲蓋(kāmacchandanīvaraṇa)、瞋恚蓋(byāpādanīvaraṇa)、昏沉睡眠蓋(thinamiddhanīvaraṇa)、掉舉追悔蓋(uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraṇa)、疑蓋(vicikicchānīvaraṇa)。‘除去濾器,舍斷五蓋;善慧,持刀掘下去’——這就是此[語]的義。

‘‘‘Caṅgavāra’nti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṃ nīvaraṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – kāmacchandanīvaraṇassa, byāpādanīvaraṇassa, thīnamiddhanīvaraṇassa, uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraṇassa, vicikicchānīvaraṇassa. Ukkhipa caṅgavāraṃ, pajaha pañca nīvaraṇe; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘龜’,這是五取蘊(pañca upādānakkhandhā)的增語,即:色取蘊、受取蘊、想取蘊、行取蘊、識取蘊。‘除去龜,舍斷五取蘊;善慧,持刀掘下去’——這就是此[語]的義。

‘‘‘Kummo’ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandhassa, vedanupādānakkhandhassa, saññupādānakkhandhassa, saṅkhārupādānakkhandhassa, viññāṇupādānakkhandhassa. Ukkhipa kummaṃ, pajaha pañcupādānakkhandhe; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘刀砧’,這是五欲功德(pañca kāmaguṇā)的增語——眼所識的諸色,是可喜的(iṭṭha)、可樂的(kanta)、可意的(manāpa)、可愛的(piyarūpa)、與欲相應的(kāmūpasaṃhita)、能引生貪染的(rajanīya);耳所識的諸聲……乃至……鼻所識的諸香……乃至……舌所識的諸味……乃至……身所識的諸觸,是可喜的、可樂的、可意的、可愛的、與欲相應的、能引生貪染的。‘除去刀砧,舍斷五欲功德;善慧,持刀掘下去’——這就是此[語]的義。

‘‘‘Asisūnā’ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ – cakkhuviññeyyānaṃ rūpānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ piyarūpānaṃ kāmūpasaṃhitānaṃ rajanīyānaṃ, sotaviññeyyānaṃ saddānaṃ…pe… ghānaviññeyyānaṃ gandhānaṃ…pe… jivhāviññeyyānaṃ rasānaṃ…pe… kāyaviññeyyānaṃ phoṭṭhabbānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ piyarūpānaṃ kāmūpasaṃhitānaṃ rajanīyānaṃ. Ukkhipa asisūnaṃ, pajaha pañca kāmaguṇe; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘肉塊’,這是喜貪(nandīrāga)的增語。‘除去肉塊,舍斷喜貪;善慧,持刀掘下去’——這就是此[語]的義。

‘‘‘Maṃsapesī’ti kho, bhikkhu, nandīrāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa maṃsapesiṃ, pajaha nandīrāgaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘龍’,這是漏盡(khīṇāsava)比丘的增語。‘讓龍住著吧,不要觸犯龍;你當向龍作禮敬’——這就是此[語]的義。”

‘‘‘Nāgo’ti kho, bhikkhu, khīṇāsavassetaṃ bhikkhuno adhivacanaṃ. Tiṭṭhatu nāgo, mā nāgaṃ ghaṭṭesi; namo karohi nāgassāti ayametassa attho’’ti.
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世尊說了這[經]。具壽鳩摩羅迦葉滿意、歡喜世尊之所說。

Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā kumārakassapo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
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《蟻垤經》終,[《譬喻品》中之]第三[經]。

Vammikasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.