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中部第144經 · 闡陀教誡經 Channovādasuttaṃ

本經目錄二、闡陀教誡經

389PTS 3.264緬 3.308已對照

二、闡陀教誡經

三八九、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在王舍城(Rājagaha)竹林(Veḷuvana)迦蘭陀園(Kalandakanivāpa)。那時,具壽舍利弗(Sāriputta)、具壽大純陀(Mahācunda)與具壽闡陀(Channa)住在靈鷲山(Gijjhakūṭa)。那時,具壽闡陀生病、痛苦、重病纏身。於是,具壽舍利弗於傍晚時分從靜坐起身,來到具壽大純陀之處;到了之後,對具壽大純陀這樣說——“純陀賢友,來,我們前往具壽闡陀那裡探病。”“是的,賢友。”具壽大純陀應諾了具壽舍利弗。

於是,具壽舍利弗與具壽大純陀來到具壽闡陀之處;到了之後,與具壽闡陀互相問候。互相問候、交談了一番愉快而值得憶念的話之後,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具壽舍利弗對具壽闡陀這樣說——“闡陀賢友,你可還堪忍?可還得以維持?苦受是否在消退而不在加劇?是否顯出它們的消退,而不顯出加劇?”

“舍利弗賢友,我不堪忍,不得以維持;我強烈的苦受在加劇而不在消退;顯出它們的加劇,而不顯出消退。舍利弗賢友,猶如強力之人用銳利的尖器鑽攪頭頂,舍利弗賢友,正是這樣,猛烈的風攪擊著我的頭頂。舍利弗賢友,我不堪忍,不得以維持;我強烈的苦受在加劇而不在消退;顯出它們的加劇,而不顯出消退。舍利弗賢友,猶如強力之人用堅韌的皮帶在頭上給[人]纏頭之刑,舍利弗賢友,正是這樣,我頭上有猛烈的頭痛。舍利弗賢友,我不堪忍,不得以維持;我強烈的苦受在加劇而不在消退;顯出它們的加劇,而不顯出消退。舍利弗賢友,猶如熟練的屠牛者或屠牛者的弟子用銳利的屠牛刀絞割腹部,舍利弗賢友,正是這樣,猛烈的風絞割著我的腹部。舍利弗賢友,我不堪忍,不得以維持;我強烈的苦受在加劇而不在消退;顯出它們的加劇,而不顯出消退。舍利弗賢友,猶如兩個強力之人抓住較弱之人的兩臂,在炭火坑上炙烤、遍炙烤[他],舍利弗賢友,正是這樣,我身中有猛烈的燒灼。舍利弗賢友,我不堪忍,不得以維持;我強烈的苦受在加劇而不在消退;顯出它們的加劇,而不顯出消退。舍利弗賢友,我要用刀[自盡],我不希求活命。”

389. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmā ca channo gijjhakūṭe pabbate viharanti. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahācundo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahācundaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāmāvuso cunda, yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamissāma gilānapucchakā’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho āyasmā mahācundo āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosi.
Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā channena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci te, āvuso channa, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ? Kacci te dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti; paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo’’ti?
‘‘Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, balavā puriso tiṇhena sikharena muddhani abhimattheyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā vātā muddhani ūhananti. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, balavā puriso daḷhena varattakkhaṇḍena sīse sīsaveṭhaṃ dadeyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā sīse sīsavedanā. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā tiṇhena govikantanena kucchiṃ parikanteyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā vātā kucchiṃ parikantanti. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, dve balavanto purisā dubbalataraṃ purisaṃ nānābāhāsu gahetvā aṅgārakāsuyā santāpeyyuṃ samparitāpeyyuṃ; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimatto kāyasmiṃ ḍāho. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Satthaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, āharissāmi, nāvakaṅkhāmi jīvita’’nti.
390已對照

三九〇、“請具壽闡陀不要用刀[自盡]。請具壽闡陀維持下去,我們希望具壽闡陀維持下去。若具壽闡陀沒有適宜的食物,我將為具壽闡陀尋求適宜的食物;若具壽闡陀沒有適宜的藥物,我將為具壽闡陀尋求適宜的藥物;若具壽闡陀沒有合適的侍者,我將侍候具壽闡陀。請具壽闡陀不要用刀[自盡]。請具壽闡陀維持下去,我們希望具壽闡陀維持下去。”

390. ‘‘Māyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. Yāpetāyasmā channo. Yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāma. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhojanāni pariyesissāmi. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhesajjāni pariyesissāmi. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā, ahaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmi. Māyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. Yāpetāyasmā channo. Yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāmā’’ti.
緬 3.309已對照

“舍利弗賢友,我並非沒有適宜的食物;我也並非沒有適宜的藥物;我也並非沒有合適的侍者。而且,舍利弗賢友,導師已長久地被我以可意[的方式]侍奉,而不是以不可意[的方式]。舍利弗賢友,因為這對弟子是合適的:以可意[的方式]侍奉導師,而不以不可意[的方式]。‘闡陀比丘將無可非難地用刀[自盡]’——舍利弗賢友,你要這樣記住。”“我們想請問具壽闡陀某一要點,如果具壽闡陀給[我們]機會解答問題的話。”“舍利弗賢友,問吧,聽了我才會知道。”

‘‘Napi me, āvuso sāriputta, natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni; napi me natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni; napi me natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā; api cāvuso sāriputta, pariciṇṇo me satthā dīgharattaṃ manāpeneva no amanāpena. Etañhi, āvuso sāriputta, sāvakassa patirūpaṃ yaṃ satthāraṃ paricareyya manāpeneva no amanāpena. ‘Anupavajjaṃ channo bhikkhu satthaṃ āharissatī’ti evametaṃ [evameva kho tvaṃ (ka.)], āvuso sāriputta, dhārehī’’ti. ‘‘Puccheyyāma mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ kañcideva desaṃ, sace āyasmā channo okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti. ‘‘Pucchāvuso sāriputta, sutvā vedissāmī’’ti.
391PTS 3.265已對照

三九一、“闡陀賢友,你是否隨觀眼、眼識、眼識所識知的諸法為:‘這是我的、這是我、這是我的自我’?闡陀賢友,耳、耳識……乃至……闡陀賢友,鼻、鼻識……闡陀賢友,舌、舌識……闡陀賢友,身、身識……闡陀賢友,你是否隨觀意、意識、意識所識知的諸法為:‘這是我的、這是我、這是我的自我’?”

391. ‘‘Cakkhuṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasi? Sotaṃ, āvuso channa, sotaviññāṇaṃ…pe… ghānaṃ, āvuso channa, ghānaviññāṇaṃ… jivhaṃ, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇaṃ … kāyaṃ, āvuso channa, kāyaviññāṇaṃ… manaṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
已對照

“舍利弗賢友,我隨觀眼、眼識、眼識所識知的諸法為:‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’。舍利弗賢友,耳……乃至……舍利弗賢友,鼻……舍利弗賢友,舌……舍利弗賢友,身……舍利弗賢友,我隨觀意、意識、意識所識知的諸法為:‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’。”

‘‘Cakkhuṃ, āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi. Sotaṃ, āvuso sāriputta…pe… ghānaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… jivhaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… kāyaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… manaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī’’ti.
392已對照

三九二、“闡陀賢友,你在眼中、在眼識中、在眼識所識知的諸法中見到了什麼、證知了什麼,而隨觀眼、眼識、眼識所識知的諸法為:‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’?闡陀賢友,在耳中、在耳識中……闡陀賢友,在鼻中、在鼻識中……闡陀賢友,在舌中、在舌識中……闡陀賢友,在身中、在身識中……闡陀賢友,你在意中、在意識中、在意識所識知的諸法中見到了什麼、證知了什麼,而隨觀意、意識、意識所識知的諸法為:‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’?”

392. ‘‘Cakkhusmiṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasi? Sotasmiṃ, āvuso channa, sotaviññāṇe … ghānasmiṃ, āvuso channa, ghānaviññāṇe… jivhāya, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇe… kāyasmiṃ, āvuso channa, kāyaviññāṇe… manasmiṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
PTS 3.266緬 3.310已對照

“舍利弗賢友,我在眼中、在眼識中、在眼識所識知的諸法中見到了滅、證知了滅,而隨觀眼、眼識、眼識所識知的諸法為:‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’。舍利弗賢友,在耳中、在耳識中……舍利弗賢友,在鼻中、在鼻識中……舍利弗賢友,在舌中、在舌識中……舍利弗賢友,在身中、在身識中……舍利弗賢友,我在意中、在意識中、在意識所識知的諸法中見到了滅、證知了滅,而隨觀意、意識、意識所識知的諸法為:‘這不是我的、這不是我、這不是我的自我’。”

‘‘Cakkhusmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi. Sotasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, sotaviññāṇe… ghānasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, ghānaviññāṇe… jivhāya, āvuso sāriputta, jivhāviññāṇe… kāyasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, kāyaviññāṇe… manasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññā manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī’’ti.
393已對照

三九三、這樣說時,具壽大純陀對具壽闡陀這樣說——“所以,闡陀賢友,那位世尊的這一教法也應常時作意:‘有依者有動搖,無依者無動搖。動搖不存在時,有輕安;輕安存在時,無傾向;傾向不存在時,無來去;來去不存在時,無死生;死生不存在時,[便]不在此處、不在他處、也不在兩者之中間。這就是苦的終結。’”於是,具壽舍利弗與具壽大純陀以這番教誡教誡了具壽闡陀之後,從座而起,離去了。

393. Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tasmātiha, āvuso channa, idampi tassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ [vacanaṃ (sī.)], niccakappaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ – ‘nissitassa calitaṃ, anissitassa calitaṃ natthi. Calite asati passaddhi, passaddhiyā sati nati na hoti. Natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti. Āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na hoti. Cutūpapāte asati nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarena. Esevanto dukkhassā’’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu.
394緬 3.311已對照

三九四、於是,具壽舍利弗與具壽大純陀離去不久,具壽闡陀便用刀[自盡]了。於是,具壽舍利弗來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具壽舍利弗對世尊這樣說——“尊者,具壽闡陀已用刀[自盡]了。他的趣是什麼?他的來世如何?”“舍利弗,闡陀比丘不是就在你面前宣說了無可非難性嗎?”“尊者,有一個名叫本闍羅(Pubbajira)的跋耆村,在那裡,具壽闡陀有友家、知心之家、可往訪之家(upavajjakula)。”“舍利弗,這些確是闡陀比丘的友家、知心之家、可往訪之家。舍利弗,但我並不僅憑這一點就說[他]是有可非難的(saupavajja)。舍利弗,凡捨棄這個身而又執取另一個身者,我說他是有可非難的。闡陀比丘沒有那[種情形]。‘闡陀比丘無可非難地用刀[自盡]了’——舍利弗,你要這樣記住。”

世尊說了這[番話]。具壽舍利弗滿意、歡喜世尊之所說。

394. Atha kho āyasmā channo acirapakkante āyasmante ca sāriputte āyasmante ca mahācunde satthaṃ āharesi. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyasmatā, bhante, channena satthaṃ āharitaṃ. Tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’ti? ‘‘Nanu te, sāriputta, channena bhikkhunā sammukhāyeva anupavajjatā byākatā’’ti? ‘‘Atthi, bhante, pubbajiraṃ [pappajitañhitaṃ (ka.), upavajjitaṃ (ka.), pubbavijjanaṃ, pubbavijjhanaṃ, pubbaviciraṃ (saṃyuttake)] nāma vajjigāmo. Tatthāyasmato channassa mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulānī’’ti. ‘‘Honti [posanti (ka.)] hete, sāriputta, channassa bhikkhuno mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulāni. Nāhaṃ, sāriputta, ettāvatā ‘saupavajjo’ti vadāmi. Yo kho, sāriputta, imañca kāyaṃ nikkhipati aññañca kāyaṃ upādiyati tamahaṃ ‘saupavajjo’ti vadāmi. Taṃ channassa bhikkhuno natthi. ‘Anupavajjo channo bhikkhu satthaṃ āharesī’ti evametaṃ, sāriputta, dhārehī’’ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
Channovādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.
已對照

《闡陀教誡經》終,[《六處品》中之]第二[經]。