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中部第141經 · 諦分別經 Saccavibhaṅgasuttaṃ

本經目錄十一、諦分別經

371PTS 3.248緬 3.291已對照

十一、諦分別經

三七一、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在波羅奈(Bārāṇasī)仙人墮處(Isipatana)鹿野苑(Migadāya)。在那裡,世尊召喚諸比丘:“諸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘應諾世尊。世尊這樣說——

371. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṃ viharati isipatane migadāye. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
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“諸比丘,如來、阿羅漢、正等正覺者在波羅奈仙人墮處鹿野苑轉起了無上法輪,那是沙門、婆羅門、天、魔、梵天或世間任何人都不能逆轉的,即:對四聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示。對哪四[聖諦]呢?對苦聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示,對苦集聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示,對苦滅聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示,對導至苦滅之道聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示。諸比丘,如來、阿羅漢、正等正覺者在波羅奈仙人墮處鹿野苑轉起了無上法輪,那是沙門、婆羅門、天、魔、梵天或世間任何人都不能逆轉的,即:對這四聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示。

‘‘Tathāgatena, bhikkhave, arahatā sammāsambuddhena bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ, yadidaṃ – catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ. Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Dukkhassa ariyasaccassa ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ, dukkhasamudayassa ariyasaccassa ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ, dukkhanirodhassa ariyasaccassa ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ariyasaccassa ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ. Tathāgatena, bhikkhave, arahatā sammāsambuddhena bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ, yadidaṃ – imesaṃ catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ.
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“諸比丘,你們要親近舍利弗、目犍連;諸比丘,你們要結交舍利弗、目犍連。[他們是]賢智的比丘,是同梵行者的攝益者。諸比丘,猶如生母,舍利弗就是這樣;猶如已生者的養育者,目犍連就是這樣。諸比丘,舍利弗引導[人]至須陀洹果,目犍連[引導人]至最上義。諸比丘,舍利弗堪能詳細地告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、令其明瞭四聖諦。”世尊說了這[語]。善逝說了這[語]之後,便從座起而入住處。

‘‘Sevatha, bhikkhave, sāriputtamoggallāne; bhajatha, bhikkhave, sāriputtamoggallāne. Paṇḍitā bhikkhū anuggāhakā sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, janetā [janetti (sī. pī.)], evaṃ sāriputto; seyyathāpi jātassa āpādetā, evaṃ moggallāno. Sāriputto, bhikkhave, sotāpattiphale vineti, moggallāno uttamatthe. Sāriputto, bhikkhave, pahoti cattāri ariyasaccāni vitthārena ācikkhituṃ desetuṃ paññāpetuṃ paṭṭhapetuṃ vivarituṃ vibhajituṃ uttānīkātu’’nti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.
372PTS 3.249緬 3.292已對照

三七二、於是,世尊離去不久,具壽舍利弗便召喚諸比丘:“賢友們,諸比丘。”“賢友。”那些比丘應諾具壽舍利弗。具壽舍利弗這樣說——

372. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto acirapakkantassa bhagavato bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso, bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
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“賢友們,如來、阿羅漢、正等正覺者在波羅奈仙人墮處鹿野苑轉起了無上法輪,那是沙門、婆羅門、天、魔、梵天或世間任何人都不能逆轉的,即:對四聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示。對哪四[聖諦]呢?對苦聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示,對苦集聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示,對苦滅聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示,對導至苦滅之道聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示。

‘‘Tathāgatena, āvuso, arahatā sammāsambuddhena bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ, yadidaṃ – catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ. Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Dukkhassa ariyasaccassa ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ, dukkhasamudayassa ariyasaccassa ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ, dukkhanirodhassa ariyasaccassa ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ariyasaccassa ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ.
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三七三、“賢友們,什麼是苦聖諦呢?生是苦,老是苦,死是苦,愁、悲、苦、憂、惱是苦,所求不得也是苦——略言之,五取蘊是苦。

373. ‘‘Katamañcāvuso, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ? Jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, maraṇampi dukkhaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ; saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā.
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“賢友們,什麼是生呢?凡是那些眾生,於彼彼眾生類中的生、出生、入胎、出現,諸蘊之顯現,諸處之獲得——賢友們,這稱為‘生’。

‘‘Katamā cāvuso, jāti? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘jāti’’’.
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“賢友們,什麼是老呢?凡是那些眾生,於彼彼眾生類中的老、衰老之狀、齒落、發白、皮皺、壽命之衰減、諸根之老熟——賢友們,這稱為‘老’。

‘‘Katamā cāvuso, jarā? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘jarā’’’.
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“賢友們,什麼是死呢?凡是那些眾生,從彼彼眾生類中的殞歿、歿亡之狀、破壞、消失、死、死亡、命終,諸蘊之破壞,身軀之捨棄,命根之斷絕——賢友們,這稱為‘死’。

‘‘Katamañcāvuso, maraṇaṃ? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālaṃkiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo jīvitindriyassupacchedo, idaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘maraṇaṃ’’’.
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“賢友們,什麼是愁呢?賢友們,凡是遭遇某種不幸、為某種苦法所觸者的愁、憂愁、憂愁之狀、內愁、內遍愁——賢友們,這稱為‘愁’。

‘‘Katamo cāvuso, soko? Yo kho, āvuso, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa soko socanā socitattaṃ antosoko antoparisoko, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘soko’’’.
PTS 3.250緬 3.293已對照

“賢友們,什麼是悲呢?賢友們,凡是遭遇某種不幸、為某種苦法所觸者的哀號、悲號、哀嘆、悲嘆、哀號之狀、悲號之狀——賢友們,這稱為‘悲’。

‘‘Katamo cāvuso, paridevo? Yo kho, āvuso, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa ādevo paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘paridevo’’’.
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“賢友們,什麼是苦呢?賢友們,凡是身的苦、身的不適,由身觸所生的苦、不適的感受——賢友們,這稱為‘苦’。

‘‘Katamañcāvuso, dukkhaṃ? Yaṃ kho, āvuso, kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ kāyikaṃ asātaṃ kāyasamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘dukkhaṃ’’’.
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“賢友們,什麼是憂呢?賢友們,凡是心的苦、心的不適,由意觸所生的苦、不適的感受——賢友們,這稱為‘憂’。

‘‘Katamañcāvuso, domanassaṃ? Yaṃ kho, āvuso, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ asātaṃ manosamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘domanassaṃ’’’.
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“賢友們,什麼是惱呢?賢友們,凡是遭遇某種不幸、為某種苦法所觸者的苦惱、遍苦惱、苦惱之狀、遍苦惱之狀——賢友們,這稱為‘惱’。

‘‘Katamo cāvuso, upāyāso? Yo kho, āvuso, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa āyāso upāyāso āyāsitattaṃ upāyāsitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘upāyāso’’’.
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“賢友們,什麼是所求不得也是苦呢?賢友們,於有生之法的眾生生起這樣的願望:‘啊,但願我們不是有生之法者,但願生不要到我們[身上]來!’然而這不是以願望所能得到的——這也就是‘所求不得也是苦’。賢友們,於有老之法的眾生……乃至……賢友們,於有病之法的眾生……賢友們,於有死之法的眾生……賢友們,於有愁、悲、苦、憂、惱之法的眾生生起這樣的願望:‘啊,但願我們不是有愁、悲、苦、憂、惱之法者,但願愁、悲、苦、憂、惱不要到我們[身上]來!’然而這不是以願望所能得到的——這也就是‘所求不得也是苦’。

‘‘Katamañcāvuso, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ? Jātidhammānaṃ, āvuso, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati – ‘aho vata, mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāma; na ca, vata, no jāti āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idampi – ‘yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ’. Jarādhammānaṃ, āvuso, sattānaṃ…pe… byādhidhammānaṃ, āvuso, sattānaṃ… maraṇadhammānaṃ, āvuso, sattānaṃ… sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammānaṃ, āvuso, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati – ‘aho vata, mayaṃ na sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā assāma; na ca, vata, no sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā āgaccheyyu’nti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idampi – ‘yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ’’’.
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“賢友們,什麼是略言之五取蘊是苦呢?就是:色取蘊、受取蘊、想取蘊、行取蘊、識取蘊。賢友們,這些稱為‘略言之五取蘊是苦’。賢友們,這稱為‘苦聖諦’。

‘‘Katame cāvuso, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā? Seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime vuccantāvuso – ‘saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā’. Idaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ’’’.
374PTS 3.251緬 3.294已對照

三七四、“賢友們,什麼是苦集聖諦呢?就是那能導致再有、與喜貪俱行、處處歡喜的渴愛,即:欲愛、有愛、無有愛——賢友們,這稱為‘苦集聖諦’。

374. ‘‘Katamañcāvuso, dukkhasamudayaṃ [dukkhasamudayo (syā. kaṃ.)] ariyasaccaṃ? Yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobbhavikā [ponobhavikā (sī. pī.)] nandīrāgasahagatā [nandirāgasahagatā (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] tatratatrābhinandinī, seyyathidaṃ – kāmataṇhā bhavataṇhā vibhavataṇhā, idaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘dukkhasamudayaṃ [dukkhasamudayo (syā. kaṃ.)] ariyasaccaṃ’’’.
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“賢友們,什麼是苦滅聖諦呢?就是那同一渴愛的無餘離貪、滅,捨棄、舍離、解脫、無執藏——賢友們,這稱為‘苦滅聖諦’。

‘‘Katamañcāvuso, dukkhanirodhaṃ [dukkhanirodho (syā. kaṃ.)] ariyasaccaṃ? Yo tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo, idaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘dukkhanirodhaṃ [dukkhanirodho (syā. kaṃ.)] ariyasaccaṃ’’’.
375PTS 3.252緬 3.295已對照

三七五、“賢友們,什麼是導至苦滅之道聖諦呢?就是這八支聖道,即:正見、正思惟、正語、正業、正命、正精進、正念、正定。

“賢友們,什麼是正見呢?賢友們,凡是對苦的智、對苦集的智、對苦滅的智、對導至苦滅之道的智——賢友們,這稱為‘正見’。

“賢友們,什麼是正思惟呢?出離思惟、無瞋恚思惟、無害思惟——賢友們,這稱為‘正思惟’。

“賢友們,什麼是正語呢?離妄語、離離間語、離粗惡語、離雜穢語——賢友們,這稱為‘正語’。

“賢友們,什麼是正業呢?離殺生、離不與取、離欲邪行——賢友們,這稱為‘正業’。

“賢友們,什麼是正命呢?賢友們,在此,聖弟子舍斷邪命,以正命營生——賢友們,這稱為‘正命’。

“賢友們,什麼是正精進呢?賢友們,在此,比丘為令未生的惡不善法不生,生起欲,努力,發起精進,策勵心,精勤;為舍斷已生的惡不善法,生起欲,努力,發起精進,策勵心,精勤;為令未生的善法生起,生起欲,努力,發起精進,策勵心,精勤;為令已生的善法住立、不忘失、增多、廣大、由修習而圓滿,生起欲,努力,發起精進,策勵心,精勤——賢友們,這稱為‘正精進’。

“賢友們,什麼是正念呢?賢友們,在此,比丘於身隨觀身而住,熱勤、正知、具念,調伏世間的貪與憂;於諸受隨觀受而住……乃至……於心隨觀心而住……於諸法隨觀法而住,熱勤、正知、具念,調伏世間的貪與憂——賢友們,這稱為‘正念’。

“賢友們,什麼是正定呢?賢友們,在此,比丘已離諸欲,離諸不善法,有尋、有伺,離生喜、樂,成就並住於初禪;尋、伺寂止,內潔淨,心專一性,無尋、無伺,定生喜、樂,成就並住於第二禪;離喜,住於舍……乃至……第三禪……而住——賢友們,這稱為‘正定’。賢友們,這稱為‘導至苦滅之道聖諦’。

“賢友們,如來、阿羅漢、正等正覺者在波羅奈仙人墮處鹿野苑轉起了無上法輪,那是沙門、婆羅門、天、魔、梵天或世間任何人都不能逆轉的,即:對這四聖諦的告知、教示、施設、建立、開顯、分別、明示。”

具壽舍利弗說了這[番話]。那些比丘滿意、歡喜具壽舍利弗之所說。

《諦分別經》終,[《分別品》中之]第十一[經]。

375. ‘‘Katamañcāvuso, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi.
‘‘Katamācāvuso, sammādiṭṭhi? Yaṃ kho, āvuso, dukkhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘sammādiṭṭhi’’’.
‘‘Katamo cāvuso, sammāsaṅkappo? Nekkhammasaṅkappo, abyāpādasaṅkappo, avihiṃsāsaṅkappo, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘sammāsaṅkappo’’’.
‘‘Katamā cāvuso, sammāvācā? Musāvādā veramaṇī, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘sammāvācā’’’.
‘‘Katamo cāvuso, sammākammantī? Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘sammākammanto’’’.
‘‘Katamo cāvuso, sammāājīvo? Idhāvuso, ariyasāvako micchāājīvaṃ pahāya sammāājīvena jīvikaṃ kappeti, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘sammāājīvo’’’.
‘‘Katamo cāvuso, sammāvāyāmo? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘sammāvāyāmo’’’.
‘‘Katamā cāvuso, sammāsati? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati…pe… citte cittānupassī viharati… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘sammāsati’’’.
‘‘Katamo cāvuso, sammāsamādhi? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ… viharati, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘sammāsamādhi’. Idaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ’’’.
‘‘Tathāgatenāvuso, arahatā sammāsambuddhena bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ, yadidaṃ – imesaṃ catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ ācikkhanā desanā paññāpanā paṭṭhapanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkamma’’nti.
Idamavoca āyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Saccavibhaṅgasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ ekādasamaṃ.