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長部第8經 · 迦葉師子吼經 Mahāsīhanādasuttaṃ

本經目錄苦行行法無義之說獅子吼之說

381PTS 1.161緬 1.153已對照

裸行者迦葉之事 如是我聞:一時,世尊(Bhagavā)住在鬱頭隨若(Uruññā)的普棘刺(Kaṇṇakatthala)鹿野苑(migadāya)。那時,裸行者迦葉(acela Kassapa,古譯「裸形迦葉」)來到世尊之處;到了之後,與世尊互相問候;交換了友好、可唸的問候話語之後,站在一旁。站在一旁的裸行者迦葉對世尊這樣說:“喬達摩(Gotama)尊師,我聽到這樣的話——‘沙門喬達摩呵責一切苦行(tapa),對一切修苦行、活命粗陋者一向譏毀、非難。’喬達摩尊師,那些這樣說的人——‘沙門喬達摩呵責一切苦行,對一切修苦行、活命粗陋者一向譏毀、非難’——他們是否是在轉述喬達摩尊師所說的話?他們是否不曾以不實之事誹謗喬達摩尊師?是否是隨法而解說法?是否沒有任何如法的論說或隨論會招致可責難之處?因為我們並不想誹謗喬達摩尊師。”

381. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruññāyaṃ [ujuññāyaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] viharati kaṇṇakatthale migadāye. Atha kho acelo kassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bho gotama – ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosati upavadatī’ti. Ye te, bho gotama, evamāhaṃsu – ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosati upavadatī’ti, kacci te bhoto gotamassa vuttavādino, na ca bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati? Anabbhakkhātukāmā hi mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotama’’nti.
382PTS 1.162已對照

“迦葉,那些這樣說的人——‘沙門喬達摩呵責一切苦行,對一切修苦行、活命粗陋者一向譏毀、非難’——他們並不是在轉述我所說的話,而是以不實、不真之事誹謗我。迦葉,於此,我以清淨、超人的天眼(dibbacakkhu),見到某個修苦行、活命粗陋者身壞命終之後,投生於苦界、惡趣、墮處、地獄。迦葉,而於此,我也以清淨、超人的天眼,見到某個修苦行、活命粗陋者身壞命終之後,投生於善趣、天界。

382. ‘‘Ye te, kassapa, evamāhaṃsu – ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosati upavadatī’ti, na me te vuttavādino, abbhācikkhanti ca pana maṃ te asatā abhūtena. Idhāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannaṃ. Idha panāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannaṃ.
383緬 1.154已對照

“迦葉,於此,我以清淨、超人的天眼,見到某個修苦行、少苦而住者身壞命終之後,投生於苦界、惡趣、墮處、地獄。迦葉,而於此,我也以清淨、超人的天眼,見到某個修苦行、少苦而住者身壞命終之後,投生於善趣、天界。迦葉,我既如實了知這些苦行者如是的來處、去處、死沒與投生,那我又怎會呵責一切苦行,或對一切修苦行、活命粗陋者一向譏毀、非難呢?

383. ‘‘Idhāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ appadukkhavihāriṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannaṃ. Idha panāhaṃ, kassapa, ekaccaṃ tapassiṃ appadukkhavihāriṃ passāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannaṃ. Yohaṃ, kassapa, imesaṃ tapassīnaṃ evaṃ āgatiñca gatiñca cutiñca upapattiñca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāmi, sohaṃ kiṃ sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahissāmi, sabbaṃ vā tapassiṃ lūkhājīviṃ ekaṃsena upakkosissāmi upavadissāmi?
384PTS 1.163已對照

“迦葉,有一些沙門、婆羅門是賢智、聰敏、慣於與他人論辯、猶如能射穿毛髮者。他們彷彿以智慧遊行著摧破諸見。我與他們在有些方面相合,在有些方面不相合。他們說某事為‘善’,我們也說那事為‘善’;他們說某事為‘不善’,我們也說那事為‘不善’;他們說某事為‘善’,我們卻說那事為‘不善’;他們說某事為‘不善’,我們卻說那事為‘善’。 “我們說某事為‘善’,他人也說那事為‘善’;我們說某事為‘不善’,他人也說那事為‘不善’;我們說某事為‘不善’,他人卻說那事為‘善’;我們說某事為‘善’,他人卻說那事為‘不善’。

384. ‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā paṇḍitā nipuṇā kataparappavādā vālavedhirūpā. Te bhindantā maññe caranti paññāgatena diṭṭhigatāni. Tehipi me saddhiṃ ekaccesu ṭhānesu sameti, ekaccesu ṭhānesu na sameti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti, mayampi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti, mayampi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti, mayaṃ taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti. Yaṃ te ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti, mayaṃ taṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti.
‘‘Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti, parepi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti. Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti, parepi taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti. Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘na sādhū’ti, pare taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘sādhū’ti. Yaṃ mayaṃ ekaccaṃ vadema ‘sādhū’ti, pare taṃ ekaccaṃ vadanti ‘na sādhū’ti.
Samanuyuñjāpanakathā
385已對照

令盤問之說 “我去到他們那裡,這樣說:‘賢友們,在我們不相合的那些方面,就讓那些方面擱置吧。在相合的那些方面,就讓有智者盤問、追究、詰問——以導師[對比]導師,或以僧團[對比]僧團:“這些尊者的諸法中,凡是不善的、被認為是不善的,有罪的、被認為是有罪的,不應習近的、被認為是不應習近的,不足以成為聖的、被認為不足以成為聖的,黑的、被認為是黑的——是誰把這些法無餘舍斷而行的:是沙門喬達摩呢,還是其他諸位會眾之師(gaṇācariya)呢?”’

385. ‘‘Tyāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadāmi – yesu no, āvuso, ṭhānesu na sameti, tiṭṭhantu tāni ṭhānāni. Yesu ṭhānesu sameti, tattha viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā, na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, samaṇo vā gotamo, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyā’ti?
386緬 1.155已對照

“迦葉,有這樣的可能:有智者盤問、追究、詰問時會這樣說——‘這些尊者的諸法中,凡是不善的、被認為是不善的,有罪的、被認為是有罪的,不應習近的、被認為是不應習近的,不足以成為聖的、被認為不足以成為聖的,黑的、被認為是黑的,沙門喬達摩把這些法無餘舍斷而行;而其他諸位會眾之師,則只是舍斷這個那個少許而行。’迦葉,如是,有智者在盤問、追究、詰問時,在那[一點]上大多會稱讚我們。

386. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā, na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā. Samaṇo gotamo ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
387已對照

“再者,迦葉,有智者盤問、追究、詰問時——以導師[對比]導師,或以僧團[對比]僧團:“這些尊者的諸法中,凡是善的、被認為是善的,無罪的、被認為是無罪的,應習近的、被認為是應習近的,足以成為聖的、被認為足以成為聖的,白的、被認為是白的——是誰把這些法無餘受持而行的:是沙門喬達摩呢,還是其他諸位會眾之師呢?”

387. ‘‘Aparampi no, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, samaṇo vā gotamo, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyā’ ti?
388PTS 1.164已對照

“迦葉,有這樣的可能:有智者盤問、追究、詰問時會這樣說——‘這些尊者的諸法中,凡是善的、被認為是善的,無罪的、被認為是無罪的,應習近的、被認為是應習近的,足以成為聖的、被認為足以成為聖的,白的、被認為是白的,沙門喬達摩把這些法無餘受持而行;而其他諸位會眾之師,則只是受持這個那個少許而行。’迦葉,如是,有智者在盤問、追究、詰問時,在那[一點]上大多會稱讚我們。

388. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Samaṇo gotamo ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
389已對照

“再者,迦葉,有智者盤問、追究、詰問時——以導師[對比]導師,或以僧團[對比]僧團:“這些尊者的諸法中,凡是不善的、被認為是不善的,有罪的、被認為是有罪的,不應習近的、被認為是不應習近的,不足以成為聖的、被認為不足以成為聖的,黑的、被認為是黑的——是誰把這些法無餘舍斷而行的:是喬達摩的弟子僧團呢,還是其他諸位會眾之師的弟子僧團呢?”

389. ‘‘Aparampi no, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā, na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, gotamasāvakasaṅgho vā, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti?
390已對照

“迦葉,有這樣的可能:有智者盤問、追究、詰問時會這樣說——‘這些尊者的諸法中,凡是不善的、被認為是不善的,有罪的、被認為是有罪的,不應習近的、被認為是不應習近的,不足以成為聖的、被認為不足以成為聖的,黑的、被認為是黑的,喬達摩的弟子僧團把這些法無餘舍斷而行;而其他諸位會眾之師的弟子僧團,則只是舍斷這個那個少許而行。’迦葉,如是,有智者在盤問、追究、詰問時,在那[一點]上大多會稱讚我們。

390. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā akusalā akusalasaṅkhātā, sāvajjā sāvajjasaṅkhātā, asevitabbā asevitabbasaṅkhātā, na alamariyā na alamariyasaṅkhātā, kaṇhā kaṇhasaṅkhātā. Gotamasāvakasaṅgho ime dhamme anavasesaṃ pahāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
391PTS 1.165緬 1.156已對照

“再者,迦葉,有智者盤問、追究、詰問時——以導師[對比]導師,或以僧團[對比]僧團:“這些尊者的諸法中,凡是善的、被認為是善的,無罪的、被認為是無罪的,應習近的、被認為是應習近的,足以成為聖的、被認為足以成為聖的,白的、被認為是白的——是誰把這些法無餘受持而行的:是喬達摩的弟子僧團呢,還是其他諸位會眾之師的弟子僧團呢?”

391. ‘‘Aparampi no, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantaṃ samanugāhantaṃ samanubhāsantaṃ satthārā vā satthāraṃ saṅghena vā saṅghaṃ. ‘Ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Ko ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, gotamasāvakasaṅgho vā, pare vā pana bhonto gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti?
392已對照

“迦葉,有這樣的可能:有智者盤問、追究、詰問時會這樣說——‘這些尊者的諸法中,凡是善的、被認為是善的,無罪的、被認為是無罪的,應習近的、被認為是應習近的,足以成為聖的、被認為足以成為聖的,白的、被認為是白的,喬達摩的弟子僧團把這些法無餘受持而行;而其他諸位會眾之師的弟子僧團,則只是受持這個那個少許而行。’迦葉,如是,有智者在盤問、追究、詰問時,在那[一點]上大多會稱讚我們。

392. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ye imesaṃ bhavataṃ dhammā kusalā kusalasaṅkhātā, anavajjā anavajjasaṅkhātā, sevitabbā sevitabbasaṅkhātā, alamariyā alamariyasaṅkhātā, sukkā sukkasaṅkhātā. Gotamasāvakasaṅgho ime dhamme anavasesaṃ samādāya vattati, yaṃ vā pana bhonto pare gaṇācariyasāvakasaṅghā’ti. Itiha, kassapa, viññū samanuyuñjantā samanugāhantā samanubhāsantā amheva tattha yebhuyyena pasaṃseyyuṃ.
Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo
393已對照

八支聖道 “迦葉,有道(magga),有行道(paṭipadā);依之而行道者,將自己知、自己見:‘沙門喬達摩確實是適時而說、真實而說、有義而說、說法而說、說律而說的。’迦葉,什麼是道?什麼是行道——依之而行道者,將自己知、自己見‘沙門喬達摩確實是適時而說、真實而說、有義而說、說法而說、說律而說的’呢?正是這八支聖道(ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga)。這就是:正見(sammādiṭṭhi)、正思惟(sammāsaṅkappa)、正語(sammāvācā)、正業(sammākammanta)、正命(sammāājīva)、正精進(sammāvāyāma)、正念(sammāsati)、正定(sammāsamādhi)。迦葉,這就是道,這就是行道;依之而行道者,將自己知、自己見:‘沙門喬達摩確實是適時而說、真實而說、有義而說、說法而說、說律而說的。’”

393. ‘‘Atthi, kassapa, maggo atthi paṭipadā, yathāpaṭipanno sāmaṃyeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhati [dakkhiti (sī.)] – ‘samaṇova gotamo kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī’ti. Katamo ca, kassapa, maggo, katamā ca paṭipadā, yathāpaṭipanno sāmaṃyeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhati – ‘samaṇova gotamo kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī’ti? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, maggo, ayaṃ paṭipadā, yathāpaṭipanno sāmaṃyeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhati ‘samaṇova gotamo kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī’’’ti.
Tapopakkamakathā
394PTS 1.166緬 1.157已對照

苦行行法之說 如是說時,裸行者迦葉對世尊說:“喬達摩賢友,這些苦行的行法(tapopakkama),也是那些沙門婆羅門所謂的沙門性與所謂的婆羅門性。他是裸行者(acelaka),行為無拘,舔手[而食],[被喚]“來吧,尊者”而不來,[被喚]“請住,尊者”而不住,不領受特地持來的[食物],不領受特為[他]而作的[食物],不領受邀請。他不從鍋口領受,不從盆口領受,不[領受]隔著門檻的、不[領受]隔著棍杖的、不[領受]隔著杵的[食物],不[領受]二人共食時[其中一人所施]的,不[領受]孕婦的,不[領受]哺乳婦的,不[領受]正與男子相處的婦人的,不[領受]募集共煮的,不[領受]有狗守候之處的,不[領受]蒼蠅成群飛集之處的;不[食]魚,不[食]肉,不飲谷酒,不[飲]花果酒,不飲糠水。他或是一家[乞食]者、一團[食]者,或是二家[乞食]者、二團[食]者……乃至……或是七家[乞食]者、七團[食]者;他以一施缽[之食]維生,以二施缽[之食]維生……以七施缽[之食]維生;他隔一日進一次食,隔二日進一次食……隔七日進一次食。他就這樣住於修習乃至半月一次的定期進食(pariyāyabhattabhojana)之行。

394. Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘imepi kho, āvuso gotama, tapopakkamā etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sāmaññasaṅkhātā ca brahmaññasaṅkhātā ca. Acelako hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano, na ehibhaddantiko, na tiṭṭhabhaddantiko, nābhihaṭaṃ, na uddissakataṃ, na nimantanaṃ sādiyati. So na kumbhimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na kaḷopimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na eḷakamantaraṃ, na daṇḍamantaraṃ, na musalamantaraṃ, na dvinnaṃ bhuñjamānānaṃ, na gabbhiniyā, na pāyamānāya, na purisantaragatāya, na saṅkittīsu, na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti, na yattha makkhikā saṇḍasaṇḍacārinī, na macchaṃ, na maṃsaṃ, na suraṃ, na merayaṃ, na thusodakaṃ pivati. So ekāgāriko vā hoti ekālopiko, dvāgāriko vā hoti dvālopiko…pe… sattāgāriko vā hoti sattālopiko; ekissāpi dattiyā yāpeti, dvīhipi dattīhi yāpeti… sattahipi dattīhi yāpeti; ekāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti, dvīhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti… sattāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti. Iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati.
395已對照

“喬達摩賢友,這些苦行的行法(tapopakkama),也是那些沙門婆羅門所謂的沙門性與所謂的婆羅門性。他或以菜蔬為食,或以稷米為食,或以野生稻為食,或以皮屑為食,或以水藻為食,或以米糠為食,或以鍋巴為食,或以胡麻渣為食,或以草為食,或以牛糞為食;以林中的根果為食而維生,食自落之果。

395. ‘‘Imepi kho, āvuso gotama, tapopakkamā etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sāmaññasaṅkhātā ca brahmaññasaṅkhātā ca. Sākabhakkho vā hoti, sāmākabhakkho vā hoti, nīvārabhakkho vā hoti, daddulabhakkho vā hoti, haṭabhakkho vā hoti, kaṇabhakkho vā hoti, ācāmabhakkho vā hoti, piññākabhakkho vā hoti, tiṇabhakkho vā hoti, gomayabhakkho vā hoti, vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī.
396PTS 1.167緬 1.158已對照

“喬達摩賢友,這些苦行的行法(tapopakkama),也是那些沙門婆羅門所謂的沙門性與所謂的婆羅門性。他也穿麻衣,也穿麻混織衣,也穿裹屍布衣,也穿糞掃衣,也穿樹皮衣,也穿羚羊皮,也穿羚羊皮條衣,也穿吉祥草衣,也穿樹皮纖維衣,也穿木片衣,也穿人發毯,也穿馬尾毛毯,也穿梟羽衣;他是拔除鬚髮者,住於拔除鬚髮之行;他是常立者,拒絕座位;他是蹲踞者,住於蹲踞精勤之行;他是臥刺者,在刺床上安置臥處;他也作木板臥,也作土地臥;他是一脅臥者,持[身]塵垢;他是露地住者,隨所敷[而住];他是食穢者,住於食穢之行;他是不飲者,住於不飲[冷水]之行;他住於以傍晚為第三次的入水之行。”

396. ‘‘Imepi kho, āvuso gotama, tapopakkamā etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sāmaññasaṅkhātā ca brahmaññasaṅkhātā ca. Sāṇānipi dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti, chavadussānipi dhāreti, paṃsukūlānipi dhāreti, tirīṭānipi dhāreti, ajinampi dhāreti, ajinakkhipampi dhāreti, kusacīrampi dhāreti, vākacīrampi dhāreti, phalakacīrampi dhāreti, kesakambalampi dhāreti, vāḷakambalampi dhāreti, ulūkapakkhikampi dhāreti, kesamassulocakopi hoti kesamassulocanānuyogamanuyutto, ubbhaṭṭhakopi [ubbhaṭṭhikopi (ka.)] hoti āsanapaṭikkhitto, ukkuṭikopi hoti ukkuṭikappadhānamanuyutto, kaṇṭakāpassayikopi hoti kaṇṭakāpassaye seyyaṃ kappeti, phalakaseyyampi kappeti, thaṇḍilaseyyampi kappeti, ekapassayikopi hoti rajojalladharo, abbhokāsikopi hoti yathāsanthatiko, vekaṭikopi hoti vikaṭabhojanānuyogamanuyutto, apānakopi hoti apānakattamanuyutto, sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharatī’’ti.
Tapopakkamaniratthakathā
397已對照

苦行行法無義之說

“迦葉,縱使有人是裸行者,行為無拘,舔手[而食]……乃至……住於修習乃至半月一次的定期進食之行——而他的這戒具足(sīlasampadā)、心具足(cittasampadā)、慧具足(paññāsampadā)未曾修習、未曾作證,那麼他離沙門性(sāmañña)尚遠,離婆羅門性(brahmañña)尚遠。迦葉,唯當比丘修習無怨、無惱害的慈心(mettacitta),並由諸漏滅盡,就在現法中自己以證智證知無漏的心解脫(cetovimutti)、慧解脫(paññāvimutti),成就並住時——迦葉,這樣的比丘才被稱為沙門,也[被稱為]婆羅門。

397. ‘‘Acelako cepi, kassapa, hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Tassa cāyaṃ sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā abhāvitā hoti asacchikatā. Atha kho so ārakāva sāmaññā ārakāva brahmaññā. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
PTS 1.168已對照

“迦葉,縱使有人以菜蔬為食,以稷米為食……乃至……以林中的根果為食而維生,食自落之果——而他的這戒具足(sīlasampadā)、心具足(cittasampadā)、慧具足(paññāsampadā)未曾修習、未曾作證,那麼他離沙門性(sāmañña)尚遠,離婆羅門性(brahmañña)尚遠。迦葉,唯當比丘修習無怨、無惱害的慈心(mettacitta),並由諸漏滅盡,就在現法中自己以證智證知無漏的心解脫(cetovimutti)、慧解脫(paññāvimutti),成就並住時——迦葉,這樣的比丘才被稱為沙門,也[被稱為]婆羅門。

‘‘Sākabhakkho cepi, kassapa, hoti, sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. Tassa cāyaṃ sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā abhāvitā hoti asacchikatā. Atha kho so ārakāva sāmaññā ārakāva brahmaññā. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
緬 1.159已對照

“迦葉,縱使有人也穿麻衣,也穿麻混織衣……乃至……住於以傍晚為第三次的入水之行——而他的這戒具足(sīlasampadā)、心具足(cittasampadā)、慧具足(paññāsampadā)未曾修習、未曾作證,那麼他離沙門性(sāmañña)尚遠,離婆羅門性(brahmañña)尚遠。迦葉,唯當比丘修習無怨、無惱害的慈心(mettacitta),並由諸漏滅盡,就在現法中自己以證智證知無漏的心解脫(cetovimutti)、慧解脫(paññāvimutti),成就並住時——迦葉,這樣的比丘才被稱為沙門,也[被稱為]婆羅門。

‘‘Sāṇāni cepi, kassapa, dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Tassa cāyaṃ sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā abhāvitā hoti asacchikatā. Atha kho so ārakāva sāmaññā ārakāva brahmaññā. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipī’’ti.
398PTS 1.169緬 1.160已對照

如是說時,裸行者迦葉對世尊說:“喬達摩尊師,沙門性難行,婆羅門性難行。”“迦葉,世間[本]有這樣的常言:‘沙門性難行,婆羅門性難行。’ “迦葉,縱使有人是裸行者,行為無拘,舔手[而食]……乃至……住於修習乃至半月一次的定期進食之行——迦葉,假如僅憑這樣的分量、憑這樣的苦行行法,沙門性或婆羅門性才成為難行、極難行,那麼就不適宜這樣說:‘沙門性難行,婆羅門性難行。’ “而這[事],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也做得到——‘來吧,我也做裸行者,行為無拘,舔手[而食]……乃至……住於修習乃至半月一次的定期進食之行。’ “迦葉,正因為沙門性或婆羅門性之難行、極難行不在於這樣的分量、不在於這樣的苦行行法,所以才適宜這樣說:‘沙門性難行,婆羅門性難行。’迦葉,唯當比丘修習無怨、無惱害的慈心(mettacitta),並由諸漏滅盡,就在現法中自己以證智證知無漏的心解脫(cetovimutti)、慧解脫(paññāvimutti),成就並住時——迦葉,這樣的比丘才被稱為沙門,也[被稱為]婆羅門。 “迦葉,縱使有人以菜蔬為食,以稷米為食……乃至……以林中的根果為食而維生,食自落之果——迦葉,假如僅憑這樣的分量、憑這樣的苦行行法,沙門性或婆羅門性才成為難行、極難行,那麼就不適宜這樣說:‘沙門性難行,婆羅門性難行。’ “而這[事],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也做得到——‘來吧,我也以菜蔬為食,或以稷米為食……乃至……以林中的根果為食而維生,食自落之果。’ “迦葉,正因為沙門性或婆羅門性之難行、極難行不在於這樣的分量、不在於這樣的苦行行法,所以才適宜這樣說:‘沙門性難行,婆羅門性難行。’迦葉,唯當比丘修習無怨、無惱害的慈心(mettacitta),並由諸漏滅盡,就在現法中自己以證智證知無漏的心解脫(cetovimutti)、慧解脫(paññāvimutti),成就並住時——迦葉,這樣的比丘才被稱為沙門,也[被稱為]婆羅門。 “迦葉,縱使有人也穿麻衣,也穿麻混織衣……乃至……住於以傍晚為第三次的入水之行——迦葉,假如僅憑這樣的分量、憑這樣的苦行行法,沙門性或婆羅門性才成為難行、極難行,那麼就不適宜這樣說:‘沙門性難行,婆羅門性難行。’ “而這[事],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也做得到——‘來吧,我也穿麻衣,也穿麻混織衣……乃至……住於以傍晚為第三次的入水之行。’ “迦葉,正因為沙門性或婆羅門性之難行、極難行不在於這樣的分量、不在於這樣的苦行行法,所以才適宜這樣說:‘沙門性難行,婆羅門性難行。’迦葉,唯當比丘修習無怨、無惱害的慈心(mettacitta),並由諸漏滅盡,就在現法中自己以證智證知無漏的心解脫(cetovimutti)、慧解脫(paññāvimutti),成就並住時——迦葉,這樣的比丘才被稱為沙門,也[被稱為]婆羅門。

398. Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dukkaraṃ, bho gotama, sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’’nti. ‘‘Pakati kho esā, kassapa, lokasmiṃ ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Acelako cepi, kassapa, hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā abhavissa brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti.
‘‘Sakkā ca panetaṃ abhavissa kātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘handāhaṃ acelako homi, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharāmī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā hoti brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
‘‘Sākabhakkho cepi, kassapa, hoti, sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā abhavissa brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti.
‘‘Sakkā ca panetaṃ abhavissa kātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘handāhaṃ sākabhakkho vā homi, sāmākabhakkho vā…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpemi pavattaphalabhojī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā hoti brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
‘‘Sāṇāni cepi, kassapa, dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā abhavissa brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti.
‘‘Sakkā ca panetaṃ abhavissa kātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘handāhaṃ sāṇānipi dhāremi, masāṇānipi dhāremi…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharāmī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena sāmaññaṃ vā hoti brahmaññaṃ vā dukkaraṃ sudukkaraṃ, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dukkaraṃ sāmaññaṃ dukkaraṃ brahmañña’nti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipī’’ti.
399PTS 1.170緬 1.161已對照

如是說時,裸行者迦葉對世尊說:“喬達摩尊師,沙門難知,婆羅門難知。”“迦葉,世間[本]有這樣的常言:‘沙門難知,婆羅門難知。’ “迦葉,縱使有人是裸行者,行為無拘,舔手[而食]……乃至……住於修習乃至半月一次的定期進食之行——迦葉,假如僅憑這樣的分量、憑這樣的苦行行法,沙門或婆羅門才成為難知、極難知,那麼就不適宜這樣說:‘沙門難知,婆羅門難知。’ “而這[人],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也認得出——‘這人是裸行者,行為無拘,舔手[而食]……乃至……住於修習乃至半月一次的定期進食之行。’ “迦葉,正因為沙門或婆羅門之難知、極難知不在於這樣的分量、不在於這樣的苦行行法,所以才適宜這樣說:‘沙門難知,婆羅門難知。’迦葉,唯當比丘修習無怨、無惱害的慈心(mettacitta),並由諸漏滅盡,就在現法中自己以證智證知無漏的心解脫(cetovimutti)、慧解脫(paññāvimutti),成就並住時——迦葉,這樣的比丘才被稱為沙門,也[被稱為]婆羅門。 “迦葉,縱使有人以菜蔬為食,以稷米為食……乃至……以林中的根果為食而維生,食自落之果——迦葉,假如僅憑這樣的分量、憑這樣的苦行行法,沙門或婆羅門才成為難知、極難知,那麼就不適宜這樣說:‘沙門難知,婆羅門難知。’ “而這[人],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也認得出——‘這人以菜蔬為食,以稷米為食……乃至……以林中的根果為食而維生,食自落之果。’ “迦葉,正因為沙門或婆羅門之難知、極難知不在於這樣的分量、不在於這樣的苦行行法,所以才適宜這樣說:‘沙門難知,婆羅門難知。’迦葉,唯當比丘修習無怨、無惱害的慈心(mettacitta),並由諸漏滅盡,就在現法中自己以證智證知無漏的心解脫(cetovimutti)、慧解脫(paññāvimutti),成就並住時——迦葉,這樣的比丘才被稱為沙門,也[被稱為]婆羅門。 “迦葉,縱使有人也穿麻衣,也穿麻混織衣……乃至……住於以傍晚為第三次的入水之行——迦葉,假如僅憑這樣的分量、憑這樣的苦行行法,沙門或婆羅門才成為難知、極難知,那麼就不適宜這樣說:‘沙門難知,婆羅門難知。’ “而這[人],居士或居士之子,乃至汲水的婢女也認得出——‘這人也穿麻衣,也穿麻混織衣……乃至……住於以傍晚為第三次的入水之行。’ “迦葉,正因為沙門或婆羅門之難知、極難知不在於這樣的分量、不在於這樣的苦行行法,所以才適宜這樣說:‘沙門難知,婆羅門難知。’迦葉,唯當比丘修習無怨、無惱害的慈心(mettacitta),並由諸漏滅盡,就在現法中自己以證智證知無漏的心解脫(cetovimutti)、慧解脫(paññāvimutti),成就並住時——迦葉,這樣的比丘才被稱為沙門,也[被稱為]婆羅門。

399. Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dujjāno, bho gotama, samaṇo, dujjāno brāhmaṇo’’ti. ‘‘Pakati kho esā, kassapa, lokasmiṃ ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Acelako cepi, kassapa, hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā abhavissa brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti.
‘‘Sakkā ca paneso abhavissa ñātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘ayaṃ acelako hoti, muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano…pe… iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharatī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā hoti brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Yato kho [yato ca kho (ka.)], kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
‘‘Sākabhakkho cepi, kassapa, hoti sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā abhavissa brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti.
‘‘Sakkā ca paneso abhavissa ñātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘ayaṃ sākabhakkho vā hoti sāmākabhakkho…pe… vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā hoti brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipi.
‘‘Sāṇāni cepi, kassapa, dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Imāya ca, kassapa, mattāya iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā abhavissa brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, netaṃ abhavissa kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti.
‘‘Sakkā ca paneso abhavissa ñātuṃ gahapatinā vā gahapatiputtena vā antamaso kumbhadāsiyāpi – ‘ayaṃ sāṇānipi dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti…pe… sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharatī’ti.
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, kassapa, aññatreva imāya mattāya aññatra iminā tapopakkamena samaṇo vā hoti brāhmaṇo vā dujjāno sudujjāno, tasmā etaṃ kallaṃ vacanāya – ‘dujjāno samaṇo dujjāno brāhmaṇo’ti. Yato kho, kassapa, bhikkhu averaṃ abyāpajjaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāveti, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kassapa, bhikkhu samaṇo itipi brāhmaṇo itipī’’ti.
Sīlasamādhipaññāsampadā
400已對照

戒定慧具足 如是說時,裸行者迦葉對世尊說:“喬達摩尊師,那麼什麼是戒具足?什麼是心具足?什麼是慧具足呢?”“迦葉,於此,如來(Tathāgata)出現於世間,是阿羅漢、正等正覺者……乃至……[如第190–193段所說,應如是廣說]於微細的罪過也見怖畏,受持學處(sikkhāpada)而學習,具足善的身業和語業,活命遍淨,具足戒,守護諸根之門,具足正念正知,知足。

400. Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katamā pana sā, bho gotama, sīlasampadā, katamā cittasampadā, katamā paññāsampadā’’ti? ‘‘Idha, kassapa, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ, sammāsambuddho…pe… (yathā 190-193 anucchedesu, evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ) bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, kāyakammavacīkammena samannāgato kusalena parisuddhājīvo sīlasampanno indriyesu guttadvāro satisampajaññena samannāgato santuṭṭho.
401PTS 1.172緬 1.163已對照

“迦葉,比丘如何具足戒呢?迦葉,在此,比丘舍斷殺生(pāṇātipāta),遠離殺生,放下棍棒,放下刀劍,有慚愧,具同情心,懷著利益、悲憫一切眾生生命之心而住。這也屬於他的戒具足……乃至……[如第194至210段所說] “或者,正如有些尊貴的沙門、婆羅門,食用信施的食物後,仍以這樣的畜生明邪命維持生計。這就是:息災儀式、還願儀式……乃至……[如第211段所說]排除藥物殘效等等。他遠離這樣的畜生明邪命。這也屬於他的戒具足。 “迦葉,這樣具足戒的比丘,由於戒的防護,不見任何地方有怖畏。迦葉,猶如已灌頂的剎帝利王,已降伏敵人,就敵人而言,他不見任何地方有怖畏;同樣地,迦葉,這樣具足戒的比丘,由於戒的防護,不見任何地方有怖畏。他具足這聖潔的戒蘊(sīlakkhandha),內心感受無過失之樂。迦葉,比丘就是這樣具足戒的。迦葉,這就是戒具足……乃至……成就並住於初禪。這也屬於他的心具足……乃至……第二禪……乃至……第三禪……乃至……成就並住於第四禪。這也屬於他的心具足。迦葉,這就是心具足。 “他的心如此得定……乃至……引導心、使心轉向於智見(ñāṇadassana)……乃至……這也屬於他的慧具足……乃至……他了知‘……再無後有’……乃至……這也屬於他的慧具足。迦葉,這就是慧具足。 “迦葉,比這戒具足、心具足、慧具足更上、更殊勝的其他戒具足、心具足、慧具足,是沒有的。

401. ‘‘Kathañca, kassapa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti? Idha, kassapa, bhikkhu pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati. Idampissa hoti sīlasampadāya …pe… (yathā 194 yāva 210 anucchedesu)
‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti. Seyyathidaṃ – santikammaṃ paṇidhikammaṃ…pe… (yathā 211 anucchede) osadhīnaṃ patimokkho iti vā iti, evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato hoti. Idampissa hoti sīlasampadāya.
‘‘Sa kho so [ayaṃ kho (ka.)], kassapa, bhikkhu evaṃ sīlasampanno na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ sīlasaṃvarato. Seyyathāpi, kassapa, rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto nihatapaccāmitto na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ paccatthikato. Evameva kho, kassapa, bhikkhu evaṃ sīlasampanno na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ sīlasaṃvarato. So iminā ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ anavajjasukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Evaṃ kho, kassapa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, sīlasampadā…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampissa hoti cittasampadāya…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampissa hoti cittasampadāya. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, cittasampadā.
‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte…pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti…pe… idampissa hoti paññāsampadāya…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti…pe… idampissa hoti paññāsampadāya. Ayaṃ kho, kassapa, paññāsampadā.
‘‘Imāya ca, kassapa, sīlasampadāya cittasampadāya paññāsampadāya aññā sīlasampadā cittasampadā paññāsampadā uttaritarā vā paṇītatarā vā natthi.
Sīhanādakathā
402已對照

獅子吼之說

“迦葉,有一些沙門、婆羅門是說戒者(sīlavādī)。他們以種種方式稱揚戒。迦葉,就聖的、最上的戒而言,我在其中看不到與我相等者,何況更勝者!反而是我在其中更勝,即此增上戒(adhisīla)。

402. ‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sīlavādā. Te anekapariyāyena sīlassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyaṃ paramaṃ sīlaṃ, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhisīlaṃ.
緬 1.164已對照

“迦葉,有一些沙門、婆羅門是說苦行厭離者(tapojigucchāvādī)。他們以種種方式稱揚苦行厭離。迦葉,就聖的、最上的苦行厭離而言,我在其中看不到與我相等者,何況更勝者!反而是我在其中更勝,即此增上厭離(adhijeguccha)。

‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā tapojigucchāvādā. Te anekapariyāyena tapojigucchāya vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyā paramā tapojigucchā, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhijegucchaṃ.
已對照

“迦葉,有一些沙門、婆羅門是說慧者(paññāvādī)。他們以種種方式稱揚慧。迦葉,就聖的、最上的慧而言,我在其中看不到與我相等者,何況更勝者!反而是我在其中更勝,即此增上慧(adhipaññā)。

‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā paññāvādā. Te anekapariyāyena paññāya vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyā paramā paññā, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhipaññaṃ.
已對照

“迦葉,有一些沙門、婆羅門是說解脫者(vimuttivādī)。他們以種種方式稱揚解脫。迦葉,就聖的、最上的解脫而言,我在其中看不到與我相等者,何況更勝者!反而是我在其中更勝,即此增上解脫(adhivimutti)。

‘‘Santi, kassapa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā vimuttivādā. Te anekapariyāyena vimuttiyā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yāvatā, kassapa, ariyā paramā vimutti, nāhaṃ tattha attano samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo! Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo, yadidaṃ adhivimutti.
403PTS 1.175緬 1.165已對照

“迦葉,有這樣的可能:其他外道的遊方者(aññatitthiya paribbājaka)們會這樣說——‘沙門喬達摩確實作獅子吼,但那是在空屋中作的,不是在眾中作的。’應當對他們說:‘不要這樣[說]。’迦葉,應當對他們這樣說:‘沙門喬達摩既作獅子吼,也在眾中作。’ “迦葉,有這樣的可能:其他外道的遊方者(aññatitthiya paribbājaka)們會這樣說——‘沙門喬達摩既作獅子吼,也在眾中作,但作得並不無所畏懼。’應當對他們說:‘不要這樣[說]。’迦葉,應當對他們這樣說:‘沙門喬達摩既作獅子吼,也在眾中作,而且作得無所畏懼。’ “迦葉,有這樣的可能:其他外道的遊方者(aññatitthiya paribbājaka)們會這樣說——‘沙門喬達摩既作獅子吼,也在眾中作,作得也無所畏懼,但[人們]並不向他問問題……乃至……[人們]確實向他問問題,但他被問時並不為他們解答……乃至……他被問時確實為他們解答,但並不以問題的解答使[他們的]心滿意……乃至……確實以問題的解答使[他們的]心滿意,但[他們]並不認為[他的話]值得聽聞……乃至……[他們]確實認為[他的話]值得聽聞,但聽聞後並不[對他]淨信……乃至……聽聞後確實對他淨信,但並不作出淨信的表示……乃至……確實作出淨信的表示,但並不為達到那樣[的狀態]而行道……乃至……確實為達到那樣[的狀態]而行道,但行道之後並不[令他]滿意。’應當對他們說:‘不要這樣[說]。’迦葉,應當對他們這樣說:‘沙門喬達摩既作獅子吼,也在眾中作,作得也無所畏懼;[人們]向他問問題,他被問時為他們解答,以問題的解答使[他們的]心滿意,[他們]認為[他的話]值得聽聞,聽聞後對他淨信,作出淨信的表示,為達到那樣[的狀態]而行道,而且行道之後[令他]滿意。’

403. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘sīhanādaṃ kho samaṇo gotamo nadati, tañca kho suññāgāre nadati, no parisāsū’ti. Te – ‘mā heva’ntissu vacanīyā. ‘Sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadatī’ti evamassu, kassapa, vacanīyā.
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, no ca kho visārado nadatī’ti. Te – ‘mā heva’ntissu vacanīyā. ‘Sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, visārado ca nadatī’’ti evamassu, kassapa, vacanīyā.
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, kassapa, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, visārado ca nadati, no ca kho naṃ pañhaṃ pucchanti…pe… pañhañca naṃ pucchanti; no ca kho nesaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākaroti…pe… pañhañca nesaṃ puṭṭho byākaroti; no ca kho pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheti…pe… pañhassa ca veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheti; no ca kho sotabbaṃ maññanti…pe… sotabbañcassa maññanti; no ca kho sutvā pasīdanti…pe… sutvā cassa pasīdanti; no ca kho pasannākāraṃ karonti…pe… pasannākārañca karonti; no ca kho tathattāya paṭipajjanti…pe… tathattāya ca paṭipajjanti; no ca kho paṭipannā ārādhentī’ti. Te – ‘mā heva’ntissu vacanīyā. ‘Sīhanādañca samaṇo gotamo nadati, parisāsu ca nadati, visārado ca nadati, pañhañca naṃ pucchanti, pañhañca nesaṃ puṭṭho byākaroti, pañhassa ca veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheti, sotabbañcassa maññanti, sutvā cassa pasīdanti, pasannākārañca karonti, tathattāya ca paṭipajjanti, paṭipannā ca ārādhentī’ti evamassu, kassapa, vacanīyā.
Titthiyaparivāsakathā
404PTS 1.176已對照

外道別住之說 “迦葉,有一次我住在王舍城(Rājagaha)的靈鷲山(Gijjhakūṭa)。在那裡,有一位名叫尼拘陀(Nigrodha)的苦行梵行者(tapabrahmacārī)就增上厭離向我發問。我被問及增上厭離而作了解答;在我解答之後,他滿意得超乎限度。”“尊者,聽聞世尊之法後,有誰會不滿意得超乎限度呢?尊者,我聽聞世尊之法後,也滿意得超乎限度。奇哉!尊者,奇哉!尊者。尊者,猶如把倒覆的扶起,把遮蔽的揭開,為迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持來油燈,使有眼者得見諸色。正是如此,世尊以種種方式開顯了法。尊者,我皈依(saraṇa)世尊、法(dhamma)與比丘僧團(bhikkhusaṅgha)。尊者,願我能在世尊座下得出家(pabbajjā),得具足戒(upasampadā)。”

404. ‘‘Ekamidāhaṃ, kassapa, samayaṃ rājagahe viharāmi gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tatra maṃ aññataro tapabrahmacārī nigrodho nāma adhijegucche pañhaṃ apucchi. Tassāhaṃ adhijegucche pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsiṃ. Byākate ca pana me attamano ahosi paraṃ viya mattāyā’’ti. ‘‘Ko hi, bhante, bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā na attamano assa paraṃ viya mattāya? Ahampi hi, bhante, bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā attamano paraṃ viya mattāya. Abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante. Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti.
405PTS 1.177緬 1.166已對照

“迦葉,凡先前為其他外道者(aññatitthiyapubba),若在此法與律中希求出家、希求具足戒,他須別住(parivāsa)四個月;四個月過後,比丘們若心已喜悅,便令他出家、授予具足戒以成為比丘。不過,我於此也知曉人的差別。”“尊者,若先前為其他外道者在此法與律中希求出家、希求具足戒,[須]別住四個月,四個月過後比丘們若心已喜悅便令其出家、授予具足戒以成為比丘——那麼我願別住四年;四年過後,願比丘們心已喜悅,令我出家、授予具足戒以成為比丘。” 裸行者迦葉便在世尊座下得了出家,得了具足戒。具壽迦葉(āyasmā Kassapa)受具足戒後不久,獨居、遠離、不放逸、熱忱、自勵而住,不久便就在現法中自己以證智證知、成就並住於那無上的梵行終點——善男子們正是為此而正確地從家出家、成為無家者的。他證知:‘生已盡,梵行已立,應作已作,再無後有。’而具壽迦葉也成為阿羅漢之一。第八《大獅子吼經》完。

405. ‘‘Yo kho, kassapa, aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṃ, so cattāro māse parivasati, catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti, upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya. Api ca mettha puggalavemattatā viditā’’ti. ‘‘Sace, bhante, aññatitthiyapubbā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhanti pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhanti upasampadaṃ, cattāro māse parivasanti, catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti, upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya. Ahaṃ cattāri vassāni parivasissāmi, catunnaṃ vassānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājentu, upasampādentu bhikkhubhāvāyā’’ti.
Alattha kho acelo kassapo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā kassapo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto na cirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti – abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā kassapo arahataṃ ahosīti.
Mahāsīhanādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.