快樂巴利palinanda.cc

長部第4經 · 種德經 Soṇadaṇḍasutta

下載本經:PDFEPUB含新譯、巴利、譯註與義注復注中譯;新復注中譯未開工,不在其中

本經的全經級改動 5 條(不落在某一段上)▾
(如《沙門果經》第190–212段[戒蘊至漏盡智]所述廣→[如《沙門果經》第190–212段所述廣說]
故於譯文相應位置以圓括號補出,方括號內為譯者提示語。→故於譯文相應位置以方括號補出統一提示語“[如《沙門果經》
2026-09-06 · 工具缺陷OpenCC s2t 產生 眾/為/裡/著,與莊譯欄(臺灣正體 眾/為/裡/著)同頁混用 → 改用 s2tw,並擴充例外表(涅槃→涅槃、尼乾陀→尼乾陀等);六頁全部重建
依據:DN4繁體頁原 眾108/眾42、為241/為42、裡28/裡25
2026-09-06 · 我方誤譯nibaddhacārikā 作「不間斷的遊行」 → 改作「固定的遊行」
依據:DN3 義注 Addhānagamanavaṇṇanā 自身定義:唯為一位應受教化的有情而前往者為 nibaddhacārikā;DN4 此段正是世尊專為索納丹達而行,與定義相合
2026-09-06 · 新增復注 32 塊譯出(疑似參見塊 1 不譯),巴利 15406 字符
依據:丁線七步;引詞從工作文件 att_zh(義注中譯定稿)逐字取用

全部勘誤記錄 →

本經目錄4.種德經(Soṇadaṇḍasutta)瞻波的婆羅門居士們種德功德之論佛陀功德之論種德的思慮婆羅門的施設戒與慧之論種德表明為優婆塞(upāsaka)

4.種德經(Soṇadaṇḍasutta)4. Soṇadaṇḍasuttaṃ

瞻波的婆羅門居士們Campeyyakabrāhmaṇagahapatikā

300PTS 1.111緬 1.104已對照

如是我聞:一時,世尊(Bhagavā)在鴦伽國(Aṅga)遊行,與約五百位比丘(bhikkhu)組成的大比丘僧團一起,抵達瞻波(Campā)。在那裡,世尊住在瞻波的伽伽羅蓮花池(Gaggarāpokkharaṇī)畔。那時,婆羅門(brāhmaṇa)種德(Soṇadaṇḍa)住在瞻波,[該地]人口眾多,草料、薪木、水源俱全,穀物豐饒,是王家領地,為摩揭陀(Magadha)國王洗尼耶·頻婆娑羅(SeniyaBimbisāra)所賜的王家賞賜、梵分之地。

. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi yena campā tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ.
301PTS 1.112已對照

瞻波的婆羅門居士(gahapati)們聽說:“諸位,沙門(samaṇa)喬達摩(Gotama)——釋迦(sakya)子,從釋迦家族出家者——在鴦伽國遊行,與約五百位比丘組成的大比丘僧團一起,已到達瞻波,住在瞻波的伽伽羅蓮花池畔。關於那位喬達摩尊師,有這樣的善名聲傳揚:‘那位世尊亦即是阿羅漢(arahant)、正等正覺者(sammāsambuddha)、明行具足(vijjācaraṇasampanna)、善逝(sugata)、世間解(lokavidū)、無上者、調御丈夫(anuttarapurisadammasārathi)、天人導師(satthādevamanussānaṃ)、佛陀(buddha)、世尊。’他自己以證智證知這個有諸天、魔(māra)、梵天(brahma)的世間,以及有沙門、婆羅門、諸天與人的人眾之後,予以宣說。他教導初善、中善、後善的,具足義理與文句的法,顯示完全圓滿、遍淨的梵行(brahmacariya)。能夠見到這樣的阿羅漢,真是很好。”於是,瞻波的婆羅門居士們從瞻波出來,成群結隊,前往伽伽羅蓮花池。

. Assosuṃ kho campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā – ‘‘samaṇo khalu bho gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti. Atha kho campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī [saṅghā saṅghī (sī. syā. pī.)] gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamanti.
302PTS 1.113緬 1.105已對照

那時,婆羅門種德正在高樓上作日間休息。婆羅門種德看見瞻波的婆羅門居士們從瞻波出來,成群結隊,前往伽伽羅蓮花池。見了之後,他喚來侍從官(khattā),問道:“侍從官,究竟為什麼瞻波的婆羅門居士們從瞻波出來,成群結隊,前往伽伽羅蓮花池呢?”“尊師,有沙門喬達摩——釋迦子,從釋迦家族出家者——在鴦伽國遊行,與約五百位比丘組成的大比丘僧團一起,已到達瞻波,住在瞻波的伽伽羅蓮花池畔。關於那位喬達摩尊師,有這樣的善名聲傳揚:‘那位世尊亦即是阿羅漢、正等正覺者、明行具足、善逝、世間解、無上者、調御丈夫、天人導師、佛陀、世尊。’他們就是為了見那位喬達摩尊師而前往的。”“那麼,侍從官,你去瞻波的婆羅門居士們那裡;到了之後,對瞻波的婆羅門居士們這樣說:‘諸位,婆羅門種德這樣說:請諸位尊師稍候,婆羅門種德也將前去見沙門喬達摩。’”“是的,尊師。”那位侍從官應諾婆羅門種德後,前往瞻波的婆羅門居士們那裡;到了之後,對瞻波的婆羅門居士們說:“諸位,婆羅門種德這樣說:‘請諸位尊師稍候,婆羅門種德也將前去見沙門喬達摩。’”

. Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo uparipāsāde divāseyyaṃ upagato hoti. Addasā kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī [saṅghe saṅghī (sī. pī.) saṅghā saṅghī (syā.)] gaṇībhūte yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamante. Disvā khattaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, bho khatte, campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamantī’’ti? ‘‘Atthi kho, bho, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Tamete bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bho khatte, yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike evaṃ vadehi – ‘soṇadaṇḍo, bho, brāhmaṇo evamāha – āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho so khattā soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike etadavoca – ‘‘soṇadaṇḍo bho brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’’ti.

種德功德之論Soṇadaṇḍaguṇakathā

303已對照

那時,有來自不同國土的約五百位婆羅門,因某種事務住在瞻波。那些婆羅門聽說:“據說婆羅門種德將前去見沙門喬達摩。”於是,那些婆羅門來到婆羅門種德那裡;到了之後,對婆羅門種德說:“種德尊師真的將前去見沙門喬達摩嗎?”“諸位,我確實這樣想:‘我也要前去見沙門喬達摩。’”

. Tena kho pana samayena nānāverajjakānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ pañcamattāni brāhmaṇasatāni campāyaṃ paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Assosuṃ kho te brāhmaṇā – ‘‘soṇadaṇḍo kira brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti. Atha kho te brāhmaṇā yena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘saccaṃ kira bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ kho me, bho, hoti – ‘ahampi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmī’’’ti.
緬 1.106已對照

“請種德尊師不要前去見沙門喬達摩!種德尊師不應當前去見沙門喬達摩。如果種德尊師前去見沙門喬達摩,種德尊師的聲譽將會減損,沙門喬達摩的聲譽將會增長。正因為種德尊師的聲譽將會減損、沙門喬達摩的聲譽將會增長——就憑這一支[理由],種德尊師就不應當前去見沙門喬達摩,而是沙門喬達摩才應當前來見種德尊師。”

‘‘Mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkami. Na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Sace bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissati, bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati. Yampi bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
已對照

“種德尊師於母方與父方兩方面都是善生,受胎清淨,直至第七代祖父,就出身論不受擯斥、不受譏毀。正因為種德尊師於母方與父方兩方面都是善生,受胎清淨,直至第七代祖父,就出身論不受擯斥、不受譏毀——就憑這一支[理由],種德尊師就不應當前去見沙門喬達摩,而是沙門喬達摩才應當前來見種德尊師。”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
已對照

“種德尊師富裕,有大財富、大受用……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo…pe…
PTS 1.114已對照

“種德尊師是讀誦者、持聖典者,通達三吠陀(veda),及其語彙、儀軌、音韻與語源分析,以及作為第五的古傳說;通曉語句、精通文法,於順世論及大丈夫相(mahāpurisalakkhaṇa)圓滿無缺……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo ajjhāyako, mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo…pe…
已對照

“種德尊師相貌俊美,令人喜見,令人淨信,具足最上的容色之美,有梵天般的容色、梵天般的威光,儀表可觀、見之不凡……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī [brahmaḍḍhī (sī.), brahmavaccasī (pī.)] akhuddāvakāso dassanāya…pe…
已對照

“種德尊師是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo sīlavā vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato…pe…
已對照

“種德尊師言語良善,善於言辭,具足文雅的言語——清晰流利、無有瑕疵,能令人了知義理……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo kalyāṇavāco kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya [aneḷagalāya (sī. pī.), anelagaḷāya (ka)] atthassa viññāpaniyā…pe…
緬 1.107已對照

“種德尊師是眾多人的老師及老師的老師,教授三百位青年讀誦聖典。又有眾多青年從各個方向、各個地區來到種德尊師跟前,希求聖典,想要學習聖典……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo bahūnaṃ ācariyapācariyo tīṇi māṇavakasatāni mante vāceti. Bahū kho pana nānādisā nānājanapadā māṇavakā āgacchanti bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa santike mantatthikā mante adhiyitukāmā …pe…
已對照

“種德尊師年邁、年長、高齡,年事已高,已至暮年;而沙門喬達摩既年輕,出家也未久……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto; samaṇo gotamo taruṇo ceva taruṇapabbajito ca…pe…
已對照

“種德尊師受到摩揭陀國王洗尼耶·頻婆娑羅的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養、禮敬……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
已對照

“種德尊師受到婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅(Pokkharasāti)的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養、禮敬……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
已對照

“種德尊師住在瞻波,[該地]人口眾多,草料、薪木、水源俱全,穀物豐饒,是王家領地,為摩揭陀國王洗尼耶·頻婆娑羅所賜的王家賞賜、梵分之地。正因為種德尊師住在瞻波——[該地]人口眾多,草料、薪木、水源俱全,穀物豐饒,是王家領地,為摩揭陀國王洗尼耶·頻婆娑羅所賜的王家賞賜、梵分之地——就憑這一支[理由],種德尊師就不應當前去見沙門喬達摩,而是沙門喬達摩才應當前來見種德尊師。”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ, rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Yampi bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ, rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitu’’nti.

佛陀功德之論Buddhaguṇakathā

304已對照

如是說時,婆羅門種德對那些婆羅門說:

. Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca –
PTS 1.115緬 1.108已對照

“那麼,諸位,請你們也聽我說:正是我們才應當前去見那位喬達摩尊師,而那位喬達摩尊師不應當前來見我們。諸位,沙門喬達摩於母方與父方兩方面都是善生,受胎清淨,直至第七代祖父,就出身論不受擯斥、不受譏毀。正因為沙門喬達摩於母方與父方兩方面都是善生,受胎清淨,直至第七代祖父,就出身論不受擯斥、不受譏毀——就憑這一支[理由],那位喬達摩尊師就不應當前來見我們,而正是我們才應當前去見那位喬達摩尊師。”

‘‘Tena hi, bho, mamapi suṇātha, yathā mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; natveva arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi bho samaṇo gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; atha kho mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩捨棄了眾多的親族而出家……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo mahantaṃ ñātisaṅghaṃ ohāya pabbajito…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩捨棄了大量的黃金錢財——埋藏在地下的與儲放在樓閣上的——而出家……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo pahūtaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ ohāya pabbajito bhūmigatañca vehāsaṭṭhaṃ ca…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩正當年少,是髮色烏黑的青年,具足美好的青春,在人生的初期,便舍離俗家而出家,成為無家者……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo daharova samāno yuvā susukāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato paṭhamena vayasā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩在父母不願意、淚流滿面地哭泣之時,剃除鬚髮,披上袈裟(kāsāya)衣,舍離俗家而出家,成為無家者……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo akāmakānaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ assumukhānaṃ rudantānaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩相貌俊美,令人喜見,令人淨信,具足最上的容色之美,有梵天般的容色、梵天般的威光,儀表可觀、見之不凡……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, brahmavaṇṇī, brahmavacchasī, akhuddāvakāso dassanāya…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩是持戒者,戒行聖潔,戒行善良,具足善良的戒行……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sīlavā ariyasīlī kusalasīlī kusalasīlena samannāgato…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩言語良善,善於言辭,具足文雅的言語——清晰流利、無有瑕疵,能令人了知義理……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo kalyāṇavāco kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩是眾多人的老師及老師的老師……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo bahūnaṃ ācariyapācariyo…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩已滅盡欲貪(kāmarāga),離於輕浮……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo khīṇakāmarāgo vigatacāpallo…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩是業論者、所作論者,對婆羅門人眾不懷惡意……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo kammavādī kiriyavādī apāpapurekkhāro brahmaññāya pajāya…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩從高貴的家族出家,即血統未雜的剎帝利(khattiya)家族……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo uccā kulā pabbajito asambhinnakhattiyakulā…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩從富裕的家族出家,即有大財富、大受用的家族……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo aḍḍhā kulā pabbajito mahaddhanā mahābhogā…pe…
PTS 1.116緬 1.109已對照

“諸位,人們從其他國土、其他地方前來向沙門喬達摩請問問題……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ tiroraṭṭhā tirojanapadā pañhaṃ pucchituṃ āgacchanti…pe…
已對照

“諸位,有數以千計的諸天(devatā)終生皈依了沙門喬達摩……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ anekāni devatāsahassāni pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gatāni…pe…
已對照

“諸位,關於沙門喬達摩,有這樣的善名聲傳揚:‘那位世尊亦即是阿羅漢、正等正覺者、明行具足、善逝、世間解、無上者、調御丈夫、天人導師、佛陀、世尊。’……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ ti…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩具足三十二大丈夫相……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩是說‘來吧,歡迎!’者,言語親切,善於問候,不皺眉頭,面容開朗,總是先開口[攀談]……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ehisvāgatavādī sakhilo sammodako abbhākuṭiko uttānamukho pubbabhāsī…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩受到四眾的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養、禮敬……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo catunnaṃ parisānaṃ sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
已對照

“諸位,許多諸天與人類對沙門喬達摩深懷淨信……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇe khalu, bho, gotame bahū devā ca manussā ca abhippasannā…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩住在哪個村莊或市鎮,在那個村莊或市鎮,非人(amanussa)就不會惱害人們……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā paṭivasati, na tasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā amanussā manusse viheṭhenti…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩擁有僧團,擁有會眾,是會眾之師,在眾多派別的宗師(titthakara)中被稱為最上者。諸位,那些沙門、婆羅門的聲譽是以這樣或那樣的方式獲得的,而沙門喬達摩的聲譽卻不是這樣獲得的;沙門喬達摩的聲譽是以無上的明行成就而獲得的……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo saṅghī gaṇī gaṇācariyo puthutitthakarānaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Yathā kho pana, bho, etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ yathā vā tathā vā yaso samudāgacchati, na hevaṃ samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato. Atha kho anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato…pe…
已對照

“諸位,摩揭陀國王洗尼耶·頻婆娑羅與兒子、妻子、隨從、大臣一起,終生皈依了沙門喬達摩……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
緬 1.110已對照

“諸位,憍薩羅(Kosala)國王波斯匿(Pasenadi)與兒子、妻子、隨從、大臣一起,終生皈依了沙門喬達摩……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
已對照

“諸位,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅與兒子、妻子、隨從、大臣一起,終生皈依了沙門喬達摩……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩受到摩揭陀國王洗尼耶·頻婆娑羅的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養、禮敬……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩受到憍薩羅國王波斯匿的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養、禮敬……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo rañño pasenadissa kosalassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩受到婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養、禮敬……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
PTS 1.117已對照

“諸位,沙門喬達摩已到達瞻波,住在瞻波的伽伽羅蓮花池畔。諸位,凡是來到我們村莊地界的沙門或婆羅門,都是我們的客人;對於客人,我們應當恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養、禮敬。諸位,正因為沙門喬達摩已到達瞻波,住在瞻波的伽伽羅蓮花池畔,沙門喬達摩就是我們的客人;對於客人,我們應當恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養、禮敬——就憑這一支[理由],那位喬達摩尊師就不應當前來見我們,而正是我們才應當前去見那位喬達摩尊師。諸位,我所通曉的那位喬達摩尊師的功德就只有這麼多,但那位喬達摩尊師並非僅有這麼多功德,因為那位喬達摩尊師的功德實是無量的。”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo campaṃ anuppatto, campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Ye kho pana, bho, keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā amhākaṃ gāmakhettaṃ āgacchanti atithī no te honti. Atithī kho panamhehi sakkātabbā garukātabbā mānetabbā pūjetabbā apacetabbā. Yampi, bho, samaṇo gotamo campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre, atithimhākaṃ samaṇo gotamo; atithi kho panamhehi sakkātabbo garukātabbo mānetabbo pūjetabbo apacetabbo. Imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Atha kho mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Ettake kho ahaṃ, bho, tassa bhoto gotamassa vaṇṇe pariyāpuṇāmi, no ca kho so bhavaṃ gotamo ettakavaṇṇo. Aparimāṇavaṇṇo hi so bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti.
305已對照

如是說時,那些婆羅門對婆羅門種德說:“正如種德尊師這樣稱說沙門喬達摩的功德,即使那位喬達摩尊師住在離這裡一百由旬(yojana)之處,有信心的良家之子也應當前去見他——哪怕要揹負乾糧袋[前往]。”[婆羅門種德說:]“那麼,諸位,我們全體都前去見沙門喬達摩吧。”

. Evaṃ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yathā kho bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇassa gotamassa vaṇṇe bhāsati ito cepi so bhavaṃ gotamo yojanasate viharati, alameva saddhena kulaputtena dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ api puṭosenā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bho, sabbeva mayaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmā’’ti.

種德的思慮Soṇadaṇḍaparivitakko

306PTS 1.118緬 1.111已對照

於是,婆羅門種德與龐大的婆羅門群眾一起,前往伽伽羅蓮花池。當婆羅門種德行至叢林深處時,心中生起了這樣的思慮:“假如我向沙門喬達摩提問,倘若沙門喬達摩對我這樣說:‘婆羅門,這個問題不應這樣問;婆羅門,這個問題應當這樣問才是。’這會眾就會因此輕蔑我:‘婆羅門種德愚痴、不明達,不能如理地向沙門喬達摩提問。’被這會眾輕蔑的人,聲譽就會減損;聲譽減損的人,財富也會減損;而我們的財富正是靠聲譽獲得的。假如沙門喬達摩向我提問,而我對問題的解答不能令他的心滿意;倘若沙門喬達摩對我這樣說:‘婆羅門,這個問題不應這樣解答;婆羅門,這個問題應當這樣解答才是。’這會眾就會因此輕蔑我:‘婆羅門種德愚痴、不明達,不能以對問題的解答令沙門喬達摩的心滿意。’被這會眾輕蔑的人,聲譽就會減損;聲譽減損的人,財富也會減損;而我們的財富正是靠聲譽獲得的。可是,假如我已走到這麼近,卻不見沙門喬達摩就折返,這會眾就會因此輕蔑我:‘婆羅門種德愚痴、不明達,憍慢剛愎又膽怯,竟不敢前去見沙門喬達摩——已經走到這麼近了,怎麼能不見沙門喬達摩就折返呢!’被這會眾輕蔑的人,聲譽就會減損;聲譽減損的人,財富也會減損;而我們的財富正是靠聲譽獲得的。”

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo mahatā brāhmaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa tirovanasaṇḍagatassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ yoniso pañhaṃ pucchitu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṃ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ na ārādheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ byākātabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādhetu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana evaṃ samīpagato samāno adisvāva samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ nivatteyyaṃ, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto mānathaddho bhīto ca, no visahati samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ, kathañhi nāma evaṃ samīpagato samāno adisvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ nivattissatī’ti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ, yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā’’ti.
307緬 1.112已對照

於是,婆羅門種德前往世尊那裡;到了之後,與世尊互相問候;交換了友好、可唸的問候話語之後,坐在一旁。瞻波的婆羅門居士們,有些禮敬世尊後坐在一旁;有些與世尊互相問候,交換了友好、可唸的問候話語之後,坐在一旁;有些向世尊合掌致敬後坐在一旁;有些報出名姓後坐在一旁;有些默然坐在一旁。

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Campeyyakāpi kho brāhmaṇagahapatikā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu; sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.
308PTS 1.119已對照

婆羅門種德坐在那裡時,心中仍多這樣尋思:“假如我向沙門喬達摩提問,倘若沙門喬達摩對我這樣說:‘婆羅門,這個問題不應這樣問;婆羅門,這個問題應當這樣問才是。’這會眾就會因此輕蔑我:‘婆羅門種德愚痴、不明達,不能如理地向沙門喬達摩提問。’被這會眾輕蔑的人,聲譽就會減損;聲譽減損的人,財富也會減損;而我們的財富正是靠聲譽獲得的。假如沙門喬達摩向我提問,而我對問題的解答不能令他的心滿意;倘若沙門喬達摩對我這樣說:‘婆羅門,這個問題不應這樣解答;婆羅門,這個問題應當這樣解答才是。’這會眾就會因此輕蔑我:‘婆羅門種德愚痴、不明達,不能以對問題的解答令沙門喬達摩的心滿意。’被這會眾輕蔑的人,聲譽就會減損;聲譽減損的人,財富也會減損;而我們的財富正是靠聲譽獲得的。啊!但願沙門喬達摩問我自己老師的三吠陀教典中的問題!那樣,我一定能以對問題的解答令他的心滿意。”

. Tatrapi sudaṃ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo etadeva bahulamanuvitakkento nisinno hoti – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ yoniso pañhaṃ pucchitu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṃ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ na ārādheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ byākātabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādhetu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Aho vata maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādheyyaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’’ti.

婆羅門的施設Brāhmaṇapaññatti

309緬 1.113已對照

那時,世尊以心了知婆羅門種德心中的思慮,這樣想:“這位婆羅門種德正被自己的心所困擾,讓我來問婆羅門種德他自己老師的三吠陀教典中的問題吧。”於是,世尊對婆羅門種德說:“婆羅門,具足多少支者,婆羅門們才施設他為婆羅門,而且他說‘我是婆羅門’時是正確地說,不陷於虛妄語呢?”

. Atha kho bhagavato soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi – ‘‘vihaññati kho ayaṃ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo sakena cittena. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katihi pana, brāhmaṇa, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti?
310PTS 1.120已對照

那時,婆羅門種德這樣想:“我所欲求的、所期待的、所意欲的、所熱望的——‘啊!但願沙門喬達摩問我自己老師的三吠陀教典中的問題!那樣,我一定能以對問題的解答令他的心滿意。’——如今沙門喬達摩正是問我自己老師的三吠陀教典中的問題,我必定能以對問題的解答令他的心滿意。”

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃ vata no ahosi icchitaṃ, yaṃ ākaṅkhitaṃ, yaṃ adhippetaṃ, yaṃ abhipatthitaṃ – ‘aho vata maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādheyyaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’ti, tatra maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ pucchati. Addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādhessāmi pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’’ti.
311已對照

於是,婆羅門種德挺直身體,環視會眾,對世尊說:“喬達摩尊師,具足五支者,婆羅門們即施設他為婆羅門,而且他說‘我是婆羅門’時是正確地說,不陷於虛妄語。是哪五支呢?喬達摩尊師,在此,婆羅門於母方與父方兩方面都是善生,受胎清淨,直至第七代祖父,就出身論不受擯斥、不受譏毀;他是讀誦者、持聖典者,通達三吠陀,及其語彙、儀軌、音韻與語源分析,以及作為第五的古傳說;通曉語句、精通文法,於順世論及大丈夫相圓滿無缺;他相貌俊美,令人喜見,令人淨信,具足最上的容色之美,有梵天般的容色、梵天般的威光,儀表可觀、見之不凡;他是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行;他是智者、聰慧者,在持祭勺者中位居第一或第二。喬達摩尊師,具足這五支者,婆羅門們即施設他為婆羅門,而且他說‘我是婆羅門’時是正確地說,不陷於虛妄語。”

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abbhunnāmetvā kāyaṃ anuviloketvā parisaṃ bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pañcahi, bho gotama, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyya. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako hoti mantadharo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; abhirūpo hoti dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya; sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
PTS 1.121緬 1.114已對照

“婆羅門,在這五支當中,能否除去一支,以具足四支者,婆羅門們施設他為婆羅門,而且他說‘我是婆羅門’時是正確地說,不陷於虛妄語呢?”“可以,喬達摩尊師。喬達摩尊師,在這五支當中,我們可以除去容色。容色究竟能起什麼作用呢?喬達摩尊師,只要婆羅門於母方與父方兩方面都是善生,受胎清淨,直至第七代祖父,就出身論不受擯斥、不受譏毀;他是讀誦者、持聖典者,通達三吠陀,及其語彙、儀軌、音韻與語源分析,以及作為第五的古傳說;通曉語句、精通文法,於順世論及大丈夫相圓滿無缺;他是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行;他是智者、聰慧者,在持祭勺者中位居第一或第二。喬達摩尊師,具足這四支者,婆羅門們即施設他為婆羅門,而且他說‘我是婆羅門’時是正確地說,不陷於虛妄語。”

‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, pañcannaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, pañcannaṃ aṅgānaṃ vaṇṇaṃ ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi vaṇṇo karissati? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako ca hoti mantadharo ca tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho bho gotama catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
312已對照

“婆羅門,在這四支當中,能否除去一支,以具足三支者,婆羅門們施設他為婆羅門,而且他說‘我是婆羅門’時是正確地說,不陷於虛妄語呢?”“可以,喬達摩尊師。喬達摩尊師,在這四支當中,我們可以除去聖典。聖典究竟能起什麼作用呢?喬達摩尊師,只要婆羅門於母方與父方兩方面都是善生,受胎清淨,直至第七代祖父,就出身論不受擯斥、不受譏毀;他是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行;他是智者、聰慧者,在持祭勺者中位居第一或第二。喬達摩尊師,具足這三支者,婆羅門們即施設他為婆羅門,而且他說‘我是婆羅門’時是正確地說,不陷於虛妄語。”

. ‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, catunnaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, catunnaṃ aṅgānaṃ mante ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi mantā karissanti? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
緬 1.115已對照

“婆羅門,在這三支當中,能否除去一支,以具足兩支者,婆羅門們施設他為婆羅門,而且他說‘我是婆羅門’時是正確地說,不陷於虛妄語呢?”“可以,喬達摩尊師。喬達摩尊師,在這三支當中,我們可以除去出身。出身究竟能起什麼作用呢?喬達摩尊師,只要婆羅門是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行;又是智者、聰慧者,在持祭勺者中位居第一或第二。喬達摩尊師,具足這兩支者,婆羅門們即施設他為婆羅門,而且他說‘我是婆羅門’時是正確地說,不陷於虛妄語。”

‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, tiṇṇaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, tiṇṇaṃ aṅgānaṃ jātiṃ ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi jāti karissati? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
313PTS 1.122已對照

如是說時,那些婆羅門對婆羅門種德說:“請種德尊師不要這樣說!請種德尊師不要這樣說!種德尊師一向地貶斥容色、貶斥聖典、貶斥出身,種德尊師簡直是歸附沙門喬達摩的論說了!”

. Evaṃ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo evaṃ avaca, mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo evaṃ avaca. Apavadateva bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṃ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṃ ekaṃsena. Bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṃ anupakkhandatī’’ti.
314已對照

於是,世尊對那些婆羅門說:“婆羅門們,如果你們這樣認為:‘婆羅門種德是少聞者,婆羅門種德不善言辭,婆羅門種德是劣慧者,婆羅門種德不足以與沙門喬達摩就此言論進行答辯’,那麼就讓婆羅門種德且止,你們與我就此言論共論。但如果你們這樣認為:‘婆羅門種德是多聞者,婆羅門種德善於言辭,婆羅門種德是智者,婆羅門種德足以與沙門喬達摩就此言論進行答辯’,那麼你們且止,讓婆羅門種德與我進行答辯。”

. Atha kho bhagavā te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘sace kho tumhākaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘appassuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, akalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, duppañño ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, na ca pahoti soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatu soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, tumhe mayā saddhiṃ mantavho asmiṃ vacane. Sace pana tumhākaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘bahussuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, paṇḍito ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, pahoti ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatha tumhe, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo mayā saddhiṃ paṭimantetū’’ti.
315PTS 1.123已對照

如是說時,婆羅門種德對世尊說:“喬達摩尊師且止!願喬達摩尊師保持沉默,我自己會如法地回答他們。”於是,婆羅門種德對那些婆羅門說:“請諸位尊師不要這樣說!請諸位尊師不要這樣說:‘種德尊師一向地貶斥容色、貶斥聖典、貶斥出身,種德尊師簡直是歸附沙門喬達摩的論說了。’諸位,我並沒有貶斥容色、聖典或出身。”

. Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tuṇhī bhavaṃ gotamo hotu, ahameva tesaṃ sahadhammena paṭivacanaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘mā bhavanto evaṃ avacuttha, mā bhavanto evaṃ avacuttha – ‘apavadateva bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṃ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṃ ekaṃsena. Bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṃ anupakkhandatī’ti. Nāhaṃ, bho, apavadāmi vaṇṇaṃ vā mante vā jātiṃ vā’’ti.
316緬 1.116已對照

當時,婆羅門種德的外甥、名叫鴦伽迦(Aṅgaka)的青年,正坐在那會眾中。於是,婆羅門種德對那些婆羅門說:“諸位尊師看見我們這位外甥、青年鴦伽迦了嗎?”“是的,尊師。”“諸位,青年鴦伽迦相貌俊美,令人喜見,令人淨信,具足最上的容色之美,有梵天般的容色、梵天般的威光,儀表可觀、見之不凡,在這會眾中,除了沙門喬達摩之外,沒有人在容色上與他相等。諸位,青年鴦伽迦是讀誦者、持聖典者,通達三吠陀,及其語彙、儀軌、音韻與語源分析,以及作為第五的古傳說;通曉語句、精通文法,於順世論及大丈夫相圓滿無缺——是我教授他聖典的。青年鴦伽迦於母方與父方兩方面都是善生,受胎清淨,直至第七代祖父,就出身論不受擯斥、不受譏毀——我認識他的父母。然而,諸位,青年鴦伽迦也可能殺害生命、取不與取、與他人之妻苟合、說虛妄語、飲酒——諸位,在這種情況下,容色能起什麼作用?聖典能起什麼作用?出身能起什麼作用?只要婆羅門是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行;又是智者、聰慧者,在持祭勺者中位居第一或第二。諸位,具足這兩支者,婆羅門們即施設他為婆羅門,而且他說‘我是婆羅門’時是正確地說,不陷於虛妄語。”

. Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa bhāgineyyo aṅgako nāma māṇavako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘passanti no bhonto imaṃ aṅgakaṃ māṇavakaṃ amhākaṃ bhāgineyya’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’. ‘‘Aṅgako kho, bho, māṇavako abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya, nāssa imissaṃ parisāyaṃ samasamo atthi vaṇṇena ṭhapetvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo. Ahamassa mante vācetā. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Ahamassa mātāpitaro jānāmi. Aṅgako kho māṇavako pāṇampi haneyya, adinnampi ādiyeyya, paradārampi gaccheyya, musāvādampi bhaṇeyya, majjampi piveyya, ettha dāni, bho, kiṃ vaṇṇo karissati, kiṃ mantā, kiṃ jāti? Yato kho, bho, brāhmaṇo sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato, paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.

戒與慧之論Sīlapaññākathā

317PTS 1.124緬 1.117已對照

“婆羅門,在這兩支當中,能否除去一支,以具足一支者,婆羅門們施設他為婆羅門,而且他說‘我是婆羅門’時是正確地說,不陷於虛妄語呢?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。喬達摩尊師,慧(paññā)由戒(sīla)而洗淨,戒由慧而洗淨;有戒之處必有慧,有慧之處必有戒;持戒者有慧,具慧者有戒;而戒與慧被稱為世間最上。喬達摩尊師,猶如以手洗手、以足洗足;正是如此,喬達摩尊師,慧由戒而洗淨,戒由慧而洗淨;有戒之處必有慧,有慧之處必有戒;持戒者有慧,具慧者有戒;而戒與慧被稱為世間最上。”“正是這樣,婆羅門!正是這樣,婆羅門!婆羅門,慧由戒而洗淨,戒由慧而洗淨;有戒之處必有慧,有慧之處必有戒;持戒者有慧,具慧者有戒;而戒與慧被稱為世間最上。婆羅門,猶如以手洗手、以足洗足;正是如此,婆羅門,慧由戒而洗淨,戒由慧而洗淨;有戒之處必有慧,有慧之處必有戒;持戒者有慧,具慧者有戒;而戒與慧被稱為世間最上。”

. ‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā ekena aṅgena samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama. Sīlaparidhotā hi, bho gotama, paññā; paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, hatthena vā hatthaṃ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṃ dhoveyya; evameva kho, bho gotama, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’ti. ‘‘Evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa, evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā hi, brāhmaṇa, paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, hatthena vā hatthaṃ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṃ dhoveyya; evameva kho, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati.
318已對照

“婆羅門,那麼,什麼是那戒?什麼是那慧?”“喬達摩尊師,對於此義,我們至多隻能到此為止。實在最好由喬達摩尊師親自闡明這句話的意義。”“那麼,婆羅門,你要諦聽,好好作意,我要說了。”“是的,尊師。”婆羅門種德回答世尊。世尊這樣說:“婆羅門,於此,如來(Tathāgata)出現於世間,是阿羅漢、正等正覺者……乃至……[如《沙門果經》第190–212段所述廣說]婆羅門,比丘就是這樣具足戒的。婆羅門,這就是那戒。……乃至……成就並住於初禪……乃至……第二禪……乃至……第三禪……乃至……成就並住於第四禪……乃至……他引導心、使心轉向於智見(ñāṇadassana)。這也屬於他的慧。……乃至……他了知:‘……再無後有。’這也屬於他的慧。婆羅門,這就是那慧。”

. ‘‘Katamaṃ pana taṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṃ? Katamā sā paññā’’ti? ‘‘Ettakaparamāva mayaṃ, bho gotama, etasmiṃ atthe. Sādhu vata bhavantaṃyeva gotamaṃ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, suṇohi; sādhukaṃ manasikarohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘idha, brāhmaṇa, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho…pe… (yathā 190-212 anucchedesu tathā vitthāretabbaṃ). Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti. Idaṃ kho taṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṃ…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati, abhininnāmeti. Idampissa hoti paññāya…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti, idampissa hoti paññāya ayaṃ kho sā, brāhmaṇa, paññā’’ti.

種德表明為優婆塞(upāsaka)Soṇadaṇḍaupāsakattapaṭivedanā

319PTS 1.125緬 1.118已對照

如是說時,婆羅門種德對世尊說:“奇哉!喬達摩尊師,奇哉!喬達摩尊師。喬達摩尊師,猶如把倒覆的扶起,把遮蔽的揭開,為迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持來油燈,使有眼者得見諸色。正是如此,喬達摩尊師以種種方式開顯了法。我皈依(saraṇa)喬達摩尊師、法(dhamma)與比丘僧團(bhikkhusaṅgha)。願喬達摩尊師憶持我為優婆塞,從今日起,終生皈依。願喬達摩尊師與比丘僧團一起接受我明日的飲食。”世尊以沉默接受了。

. Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca, bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gataṃ. Adhivāsetu ca me bhavaṃ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
320已對照

於是,婆羅門種德知道世尊已接受,便從座位起來,禮敬世尊,右繞之後離去。那一夜過後,婆羅門種德在自己的住處備辦了上妙的嚼食、噉食,然後派人向世尊通報時間:“喬達摩尊師,是時候了,飲食已經備好。”於是,世尊在午前時分著好下衣,取缽與衣,與比丘僧團一起前往婆羅門種德的住處;到了之後,坐在設好的座位上。於是,婆羅門種德以上妙的嚼食、噉食親手奉侍以佛陀為首的比丘僧團,使之飽足滿意。

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.
321PTS 1.126緬 1.119已對照

當世尊食畢,手已離缽時,婆羅門種德取了一個低座,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的婆羅門種德對世尊說:“喬達摩尊師,如果我身處會眾之中時從座位起來禮敬喬達摩尊師,會眾就會因此輕蔑我。被這會眾輕蔑的人,聲譽就會減損;聲譽減損的人,財富也會減損;而我們的財富正是靠聲譽獲得的。喬達摩尊師,如果我身處會眾之中時舉起合掌,願喬達摩尊師把它視為我已從座位起立。喬達摩尊師,如果我身處會眾之中時解下頭巾(veṭhana),願喬達摩尊師把它視為我已以頭禮敬。喬達摩尊師,如果我乘車時下車禮敬喬達摩尊師,會眾就會因此輕蔑我。被這會眾輕蔑的人,聲譽就會減損;聲譽減損的人,財富也會減損;而我們的財富正是靠聲譽獲得的。喬達摩尊師,如果我乘車時舉起刺棒(patodalaṭṭhi),願喬達摩尊師把它視為我已從車上下來。喬達摩尊師,如果我乘車時放低傘蓋,願喬達摩尊師把它視為我已以頭禮敬。”

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno āsanā vuṭṭhahitvā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ, tena maṃ sā parisā paribhaveyya. Yaṃ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno añjaliṃ paggaṇheyyaṃ, āsanā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo paccuṭṭhānaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno veṭhanaṃ omuñceyyaṃ, sirasā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo abhivādanaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno yānā paccorohitvā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ, tena maṃ sā parisā paribhaveyya. Yaṃ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha, yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno patodalaṭṭhiṃ abbhunnāmeyyaṃ, yānā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo paccorohanaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno chattaṃ apanāmeyyaṃ, sirasā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo abhivādanaṃ dhāretū’’ti.
322已對照

於是,世尊以法論對婆羅門種德開示、勸導、激勵、令歡喜後,從座位起來離去。

. Atha kho bhagavā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmīti.
已對照

第四《種德經》完。

Soṇadaṇḍasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.
經末導讀 · 編者所加,非經文

人物名冊

世尊——率約五百比丘遊行鴦伽國(Aṅga),住瞻波城伽伽羅蓮花池畔。種德(Soṇadaṇḍa)婆羅門——瞻波的大婆羅門,受摩揭陀國王洗尼耶·頻婆娑羅王封,十二德具足,年高望重;本經的對話者與皈依者。瞻波的婆羅門居士們——結隊詣佛的大眾。外方來的眾婆羅門——勸阻種德往見、又在辯論中抗議的一群。鴦伽迦(Aṅgaka)青年——種德的外甥,容色端正,被舅舅當場舉為"僅有容色不足恃"的例證。

地點與緣起

瞻波城伽伽羅蓮花池畔。種德見大眾詣佛,決意同往;眾婆羅門以"您德望尊貴,前往則自貶、沙門喬達摩應來見您"勸阻,種德歷數佛陀二十九項功德反駁:論出身、論捨棄、論成就、論名聲,那位尊師才是值得我們前往之人。途中他卻躊躇起來——若問答失措,徒受譏毀;既至,便暗自希望世尊問自己最擅長的三吠陀之學。

結構脈絡

世尊知其心念,果然問其所長:具備幾支才可稱婆羅門?種德答五支:出身純正、諷誦通達三吠陀教典、容色端正、具戒、具慧。世尊逐一發問:五支中可去何者?種德先舍容色,再舍諷誦,再舍出身——每一步都在眾婆羅門的抗議聲中完成;當同伴指責他"倒向沙門喬達摩之論"時,他舉出外甥鴦伽迦:容色、諷誦、出身俱全,若殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、飲酒,這些又有何用?最後只剩戒與慧,再不能減。世尊印可,進而說出全經之眼:"慧由戒而洗淨,戒由慧而洗淨;有戒處必有慧,有慧處必有戒——猶如以手洗手、以足洗足",戒慧俱全,稱為世間最上。種德進問何為戒、何為慧,世尊以如來出世、戒蘊乃至漏盡智的完整道次第作答(底本此處依《沙門果經》190–212段廣說)。種德皈依為優婆塞,翌日供養;齋後他提出三項特別請求:入會眾後,請允許他以合掌代起立、以解頭巾代頭面禮、以低傘代下車致敬——身為一方宗主,公開盡弟子禮將招同儕非議。世尊為說法、勸導、激勵、令歡喜而後離去。

中心思想

與《阿摩晝經》以家譜破種姓之慢相映,本經讓婆羅門自己一步步拆掉婆羅門的定義:容色、諷誦、出身逐層剝落,最後剩下的戒與慧,恰恰不屬於任何種姓。剝落不是佛陀說的,是種德在如實追問下自己承認的——這是本經論辯藝術的高處。而戒慧"如手洗手"之喻,把二者互為增上、缺一即兩失的關係說到了極致:戒無慧則盲,慧無戒則浮。經末三項請求的細節尤為真實:得法之人仍身處舊日的名位之網,世尊默然聽許——化導不必撕破一個人的處境。

關鍵術語

五支(pañca aṅgā):婆羅門自定義的五要素,本經辯論的靶標。戒與慧(sīla-paññā):剝落之後的僅存二支,亦即道之總綱。慧由戒而洗淨,戒由慧而洗淨(sīlaparidhotā hi paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ):全經名句。三吠陀教典(tevijjaka):婆羅門的"三明"之學,與佛教三明(宿住、天眼、漏盡)同名異實。優婆塞(upāsaka):在家皈依者。

本導讀由編者依定稿譯文撰寫,僅供助讀;正文以巴利原典為準。