3.阿摩晝經(Ambaṭṭhasutta)3. Ambaṭṭhasuttaṃ
254PTS 1.87緬 1.82已對照
如是我聞:一時,世尊(Bhagavā)在憍薩羅國(Kosala)遊行,與約五百位比丘(bhikkhu)組成的大比丘僧團一起,抵達一座名為伊車能伽羅(Icchānaṅgala)的憍薩羅國婆羅門村。在那裡,世尊住在伊車能伽羅的伊車能伽羅叢林中。
. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi yena icchānaṅgalaṃ nāma kosalānaṃ brāhmaṇagāmo tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe.
沸伽羅娑羅其人Pokkharasātivatthu
255PTS 1.88已對照
那時,婆羅門(brāhmaṇa)沸伽羅娑羅(Pokkharasāti)住在鬱伽羅(Ukkaṭṭhā),[該地]人口眾多,草料、薪木、水源俱全,穀物豐饒,是王家領地,為憍薩羅國王波斯匿(Pasenadi)所賜的王家賞賜、梵分之地。婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅聽說:“諸位,沙門(samaṇa)喬達摩(Gotama)——釋迦(sakya)子,從釋迦家族出家者——在憍薩羅國遊行,與約五百位比丘組成的大比丘僧團一起,已到達伊車能伽羅,住在伊車能伽羅的伊車能伽羅叢林中。關於那位喬達摩尊師,有這樣的善名聲傳揚:‘那位世尊亦即是阿羅漢(arahant)、正等正覺者(sammāsambuddha)、明行具足(vijjācaraṇasampanna)、善逝(sugata)、世間解(lokavidū)、無上者、調御丈夫(anuttarapurisadammasārathi)、天人導師(satthādevamanussānaṃ)、佛陀(buddha)、世尊。’他自己以證智證知這個有諸天、魔(māra)、梵天(brahma)的世間,以及有沙門、婆羅門、諸天與人的人眾之後,予以宣說。他教導初善、中善、後善的,具足義理與文句的法,顯示完全圓滿、遍淨的梵行(brahmacariya)。能夠見到這樣的阿羅漢,真是很好。”
. Tena kho pana samayena brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti ukkaṭṭhaṃ [pokkharasātī (sī.), pokkharasādi (pī.)] ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ raññā pasenadinā kosalena dinnaṃ rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Assosi kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti – ‘‘samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi icchānaṅgalaṃ anuppatto icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ [bhagavāti (syā. kaṃ.), uparisoṇadaṇḍasuttādīsupi buddhaguṇakathāyaṃ evameva dissati]. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti.
青年阿摩晝Ambaṭṭhamāṇavo
256緬 1.83已對照
· replace已獲認可、得到印證 → 已獲[師]認可、自許[通達]
依據:paṭiññāta為主動自許義,原“得到印證”作被動受證解,與註文“[自己]也承認”相牴牾
· replaceanuññātapaṭiññāta“已被[老師]認可、[自己]也承認”,譯“已獲認可、得到印證” → anuññātapaṭiññāta“已被[老師]認可、[自己]也自許”(paṭiññāta為主動自許,非被動受證),譯“已獲[師]認可、自許[通達]”(依審校R1修正)
依據:註文與正文同步
那時,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅有一位名叫阿摩晝的青年弟子,他是讀誦者、持聖典者,通達三吠陀(veda),及其語彙、儀軌、音韻與語源分析,以及作為第五的古傳說;他通曉語句、精通文法,於順世論及大丈夫相(mahāpurisalakkhaṇa)圓滿無缺,在自己老師的三吠陀教典上已獲[師]認可、自許[通達]:“我所知道的,你也知道;你所知道的,我也知道。”
. Tena kho pana samayena brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa ambaṭṭho nāma māṇavo antevāsī hoti ajjhāyako mantadharo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ [bedānaṃ (ka.)] pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo anuññātapaṭiññāto sake ācariyake tevijjake pāvacane – ‘‘yamahaṃ jānāmi, taṃ tvaṃ jānāsi; yaṃ tvaṃ jānāsi tamahaṃ jānāmī’’ti.
257已對照
於是,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅對青年阿摩晝說:“親愛的阿摩晝,這位沙門喬達摩——釋迦子,從釋迦家族出家者——在憍薩羅國遊行,與約五百位比丘組成的大比丘僧團一起,已到達伊車能伽羅,住在伊車能伽羅的伊車能伽羅叢林中。關於那位喬達摩尊師,有這樣的善名聲傳揚:‘那位世尊亦即是阿羅漢、正等正覺者、明行具足、善逝、世間解、無上者、調御丈夫、天人導師、佛陀、世尊。’他自己以證智證知這個有諸天、魔、梵天的世間,以及有沙門、婆羅門、諸天與人的人眾之後,予以宣說。他教導初善、中善、後善的,具足義理與文句的法,顯示完全圓滿、遍淨的梵行。能夠見到這樣的阿羅漢,真是很好。來吧,親愛的阿摩晝,你去沙門喬達摩那裡;去了之後,要了解沙門喬達摩:究竟關於那位喬達摩尊師傳揚的名聲與其真實相符,還是不相符?那位喬達摩尊師是這樣的人,還是不是這樣的人?這樣,我們就將瞭解那位喬達摩尊師。”
. Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ayaṃ, tāta ambaṭṭha, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi icchānaṅgalaṃ anuppatto icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotīti. Ehi tvaṃ tāta ambaṭṭha, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jānāhi, yadi vā taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ tathāsantaṃyeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vā no tathā. Yadi vā so bhavaṃ gotamo tādiso, yadi vā na tādiso, tathā mayaṃ taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ vedissāmā’’ti.
258已對照
“可是,尊師,我將如何瞭解那位喬達摩尊師——‘究竟關於那位喬達摩尊師傳揚的名聲與其真實相符,還是不相符?那位喬達摩尊師是這樣的人,還是不是這樣的人’呢?”
. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ panāhaṃ, bho, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ jānissāmi – ‘yadi vā taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ tathāsantaṃyeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vā no tathā. Yadi vā so bhavaṃ gotamo tādiso, yadi vā na tādiso’’’ti?
PTS 1.89緬 1.84已對照
“親愛的阿摩晝,我們的聖典中傳有三十二大丈夫相,具足這些[大丈夫相]的大人只有兩種趣向,而無其他:如果他居住在家,將成為轉輪王,是如法的法王,領有四方,得勝利,達成國土安定,具足七寶。他擁有這七寶,即:輪寶、象寶、馬寶、摩尼寶、女寶、居士寶,將軍寶為第七。他有一千多個兒子,都是勇健者,具英雄之姿,能摧破敵軍。他不以刀杖,而以法征服這片以海洋為邊際的大地後安住。然而,如果他從在家出家而成為無家者,將成為阿羅漢、正等正覺者,是世間揭開覆障者。親愛的阿摩晝,我是聖典的傳授者,你是聖典的領受者。”
‘‘Āgatāni kho, tāta ambaṭṭha, amhākaṃ mantesu dvattiṃsa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveyeva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti. Seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ, hatthiratanaṃ, assaratanaṃ, maṇiratanaṃ, itthiratanaṃ, gahapatiratanaṃ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado. Ahaṃ kho pana, tāta ambaṭṭha, mantānaṃ dātā; tvaṃ mantānaṃ paṭiggahetā’’ti.
259已對照
“是的,尊師。”青年阿摩晝應諾婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅後,從座位起來,禮敬婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅,右繞之後,乘上母馬車,與眾多青年一起前往伊車能伽羅叢林。乘車走到車所能通行之處後,便下車步行進入園林。那時,眾多比丘正在露地經行。於是,青年阿摩晝來到那些比丘之處;到了之後,對那些比丘說:“諸位,那位喬達摩尊師現在住在哪裡?我們正是為了見那位喬達摩尊師而來到這裡的。”
. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā brāhmaṇaṃ pokkharasātiṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā vaḷavārathamāruyha sambahulehi māṇavakehi saddhiṃ yena icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍo tena pāyāsi. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova ārāmaṃ pāvisi. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū abbhokāse caṅkamanti. Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho, bho, etarahi so bhavaṃ gotamo viharati? Tañhi mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya idhūpasaṅkantā’’ti.
260已對照
那時,那些比丘這樣想:“這位青年阿摩晝出身於知名家族,又是知名的婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅的弟子。與這樣的良家之子交談,對世尊並不為難。”他們對青年阿摩晝說:“阿摩晝,那間門戶關閉的住處[就是],你安靜地走近它,不急不緩地進入門廊,咳嗽一聲,敲敲門閂,世尊會為你開門。”
. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo abhiññātakolañño ceva abhiññātassa ca brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa antevāsī. Agaru kho pana bhagavato evarūpehi kulaputtehi saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo hotī’’ti. Te ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘eso ambaṭṭha vihāro saṃvutadvāro, tena appasaddo upasaṅkamitvā ataramāno āḷindaṃ pavisitvā ukkāsitvā aggaḷaṃ ākoṭehi, vivarissati te bhagavā dvāra’’nti.
261PTS 1.90緬 1.85已對照
於是,青年阿摩晝安靜地走近那間門戶關閉的住處,不急不緩地進入門廊,咳嗽一聲,敲了敲門閂。世尊打開了門。青年阿摩晝進去了。青年們也進去,與世尊互相問候;交換了友好、可唸的問候話語之後,坐在一旁。而青年阿摩晝卻一會兒走著與坐著的世尊交談幾句,一會兒站著與坐著的世尊交談幾句。
. Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo yena so vihāro saṃvutadvāro, tena appasaddo upasaṅkamitvā ataramāno āḷindaṃ pavisitvā ukkāsitvā aggaḷaṃ ākoṭesi. Vivari bhagavā dvāraṃ. Pāvisi ambaṭṭho māṇavo. Māṇavakāpi pavisitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ambaṭṭho pana māṇavo caṅkamantopi nisinnena bhagavatā kañci kañci [kiñci kiñci (ka.)] kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāreti, ṭhitopi nisinnena bhagavatā kiñci kiñci kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāreti.
262已對照
於是,世尊對青年阿摩晝說:“阿摩晝,你與年長耆宿的婆羅門老師及老師的老師們交談,也是像這樣的嗎?——如同你一會兒走著、一會兒站著與坐著的我交談幾句這樣。”
. Atha kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evaṃ nu te, ambaṭṭha, brāhmaṇehi vuddhehi mahallakehi ācariyapācariyehi saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo hoti, yathayidaṃ caraṃ tiṭṭhaṃ nisinnena mayā kiñci kiñci kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretī’’ti?
第一次僱工之語Paṭhamaibbhavādo
263已對照
“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。喬達摩尊師,因為走著的婆羅門適合與走著的婆羅門交談,站著的婆羅門適合與站著的婆羅門交談,坐著的婆羅門適合與坐著的婆羅門交談,躺著的婆羅門適合與躺著的婆羅門交談。喬達摩尊師,至於那些剃光頭的沙門之流、僱工、黑者、從梵天足下所生之輩,我與他們就像與喬達摩尊師這樣交談。”“阿摩晝,你來這裡應是有所求的。你們為了什麼目的而來,就應當好好作意那個目的。這位青年阿摩晝實在尚未修學完成,卻自以為修學完成,這除了因為未修學完成,還能是什麼呢?”
. ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama. Gacchanto vā hi, bho gotama, gacchantena brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ sallapitumarahati, ṭhito vā hi, bho gotama, ṭhitena brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ sallapitumarahati, nisinno vā hi, bho gotama, nisinnena brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ sallapitumarahati, sayāno vā hi, bho gotama, sayānena brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ sallapitumarahati. Ye ca kho te, bho gotama, muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kaṇhā [kiṇhā (ka. sī. pī.)] bandhupādāpaccā, tehipi me saddhiṃ evaṃ kathāsallāpo hoti, yathariva bhotā gotamenā’’ti. ‘‘Atthikavato kho pana te, ambaṭṭha, idhāgamanaṃ ahosi, yāyeva kho panatthāya āgaccheyyātha [āgaccheyyātho (sī. pī.)], tameva atthaṃ sādhukaṃ manasi kareyyātha [manasikareyyātho (sī. pī.)]. Avusitavāyeva kho pana bho ayaṃ ambaṭṭho māṇavo vusitamānī kimaññatra avusitattā’’ti.
264PTS 1.91緬 1.86已對照
· replace[心想]“沙門苟答馬將要被我貶斥了” → [心想]“沙門苟答馬將被我陷於窘境”
依據:pāpita(pāpeti使役過分)義為使陷於惡處/困境,非言辭斥責;並與268段nimmādeti“貶抑”區分
· replacepāpito直譯“使陷於惡(困境)”,譯“被我貶斥”,即令其落入惡名、出醜,待正。 → pāpito直譯“使陷於惡(困境)”,譯“將被我陷於窘境”,即令其落入困境、被抓住把柄(依審校R1修正,以與268段nimmādeti“貶抑”相區分)。
依據:註文與正文同步,撤“待正”
於是,青年阿摩晝被世尊說為未修學完成者,惱怒、不悅,就辱罵世尊、貶斥世尊、指責世尊,[心想]“沙門喬達摩將被我陷於窘境”,對世尊說:“喬達摩尊師,釋迦族兇暴;喬達摩尊師,釋迦族粗魯;喬達摩尊師,釋迦族輕率;喬達摩尊師,釋迦族饒舌。他們本是僱工、身為僱工,竟不恭敬婆羅門,不尊重婆羅門,不敬重婆羅門,不供養婆羅門,不禮敬婆羅門。喬達摩尊師,這是不恰當的,這是不合宜的——這些釋迦族本是僱工、身為僱工,竟不恭敬婆羅門,不尊重婆羅門,不敬重婆羅門,不供養婆羅門,不禮敬婆羅門。”就這樣,青年阿摩晝第一次對釋迦族拋出了僱工之語。
. Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhagavatā avusitavādena vuccamāno kupito anattamano bhagavantaṃyeva khuṃsento bhagavantaṃyeva vambhento bhagavantaṃyeva upavadamāno – ‘‘samaṇo ca me, bho, gotamo pāpito bhavissatī’’ti bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘caṇḍā, bho gotama, sakyajāti; pharusā, bho gotama, sakyajāti; lahusā, bho gotama, sakyajāti; bhassā, bho gotama, sakyajāti; ibbhā santā ibbhā samānā na brāhmaṇe sakkaronti, na brāhmaṇe garuṃ karonti [garukaronti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)], na brāhmaṇe mānenti, na brāhmaṇe pūjenti, na brāhmaṇe apacāyanti. Tayidaṃ, bho gotama, nacchannaṃ, tayidaṃ nappatirūpaṃ, yadime sakyā ibbhā santā ibbhā samānā na brāhmaṇe sakkaronti, na brāhmaṇe garuṃ karonti, na brāhmaṇe mānenti, na brāhmaṇe pūjenti, na brāhmaṇe apacāyantī’’ti. Itiha ambaṭṭho māṇavo idaṃ paṭhamaṃ sakyesu ibbhavādaṃ nipātesi.
第二次僱工之語Dutiyaibbhavādo
265已對照
“可是,阿摩晝,釋迦族對你有什麼冒犯呢?”“喬達摩尊師,有一次,我為老師婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅辦某件事情,去了迦毘羅衛(Kapilavatthu),來到釋迦族的集會堂。那時,眾多釋迦族人和釋迦族少年們坐在集會堂的高座上,以手指互相戳弄,嬉笑玩鬧,我想他們必定就是在嘲笑我,也沒有任何人請我入座。喬達摩尊師,這是不恰當的,這是不合宜的——這些釋迦族本是僱工、身為僱工,竟不恭敬婆羅門,不尊重婆羅門,不敬重婆羅門,不供養婆羅門,不禮敬婆羅門。”就這樣,青年阿摩晝第二次對釋迦族拋出了僱工之語。
. ‘‘Kiṃ pana te, ambaṭṭha, sakyā aparaddhu’’nti? ‘‘Ekamidāhaṃ, bho gotama, samayaṃ ācariyassa brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa kenacideva karaṇīyena kapilavatthuṃ agamāsiṃ. Yena sakyānaṃ sandhāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā sakyā ceva sakyakumārā ca sandhāgāre [santhāgāre (sī. pī.)] uccesu āsanesu nisinnā honti aññamaññaṃ aṅgulipatodakehi [aṅgulipatodakena (pī.)] sañjagghantā saṃkīḷantā, aññadatthu mamaññeva maññe anujagghantā, na maṃ koci āsanenapi nimantesi. Tayidaṃ, bho gotama, nacchannaṃ, tayidaṃ nappatirūpaṃ, yadime sakyā ibbhā santā ibbhā samānā na brāhmaṇe sakkaronti, na brāhmaṇe garuṃ karonti, na brāhmaṇe mānenti, na brāhmaṇe pūjenti, na brāhmaṇe apacāyantī’’ti. Itiha ambaṭṭho māṇavo idaṃ dutiyaṃ sakyesu ibbhavādaṃ nipātesi.
第三次僱工之語Tatiyaibbhavādo
266PTS 1.92已對照
“阿摩晝,即使鵪鶉小鳥,在自己的巢中也可隨意鳴叫。阿摩晝,那迦毘羅衛正是釋迦族自己的[地方],阿摩晝尊者不值得因這點小事而惱怒。”“喬達摩尊師,有四種種姓:剎帝利(khattiya)、婆羅門、吠舍(vessa)、首陀羅(sudda)。喬達摩尊師,這四種種姓中的三種種姓——剎帝利、吠舍和首陀羅——必定只是婆羅門的侍奉者。喬達摩尊師,這是不恰當的,這是不合宜的——這些釋迦族本是僱工、身為僱工,竟不恭敬婆羅門,不尊重婆羅門,不敬重婆羅門,不供養婆羅門,不禮敬婆羅門。”就這樣,青年阿摩晝第三次對釋迦族拋出了僱工之語。
. ‘‘Laṭukikāpi kho, ambaṭṭha, sakuṇikā sake kulāvake kāmalāpinī hoti. Sakaṃ kho panetaṃ, ambaṭṭha, sakyānaṃ yadidaṃ kapilavatthuṃ, nārahatāyasmā ambaṭṭho imāya appamattāya abhisajjitu’’nti. ‘‘Cattārome, bho gotama, vaṇṇā – khattiyā brāhmaṇā vessā suddā. Imesañhi, bho gotama, catunnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ tayo vaṇṇā – khattiyā ca vessā ca suddā ca – aññadatthu brāhmaṇasseva paricārakā sampajjanti. Tayidaṃ, bho gotama, nacchannaṃ, tayidaṃ nappatirūpaṃ, yadime sakyā ibbhā santā ibbhā samānā na brāhmaṇe sakkaronti, na brāhmaṇe garuṃ karonti, na brāhmaṇe mānenti, na brāhmaṇe pūjenti, na brāhmaṇe apacāyantī’’ti. Itiha ambaṭṭho māṇavo idaṃ tatiyaṃ sakyesu ibbhavādaṃ nipātesi.
婢女之子之說Dāsiputtavādo
267緬 1.87已對照
· replace此處隨語譯“苟答馬賢者” → 此處已依齊一化統一譯“苟答馬尊師”
依據:註文殘留舊譯名“苟答馬賢者”,與齊一化後正文不符
· replace媽媽,給我洗浴! → 媽媽,給我洗淨!
依據:dhovati(洗淨)與nahāpeti(沐浴)為兩個動作,原“洗浴/沐浴”近同義反復
· appenddhovati(洗淨)與nahāpeti(沐浴)為兩動作,分譯“洗淨/沐浴”(依審校R1修正)。
依據:記錄修正理據
2026-09-06 · 我方跨經不一致pārisajja 作「侍臣」(DN3) / 「廷臣」(DN5) → 全部統一「廷臣」;根本層與義注同步改
依據:巴利同為 pārisajja;與 amacca(大臣)配對,廷臣義更切
那時,世尊這樣想:“這位青年阿摩晝太過分地以‘僱工’之說貶抑釋迦族人,讓我來問問他的族姓吧。”於是世尊對青年阿摩晝說:“阿摩晝,你是什麼族姓?”“喬達摩尊師,我是迦那衍那(Kaṇhāyana)族。”“阿摩晝,若追憶你古老的父方、母方的名姓,釋迦族是主人之子,你則是釋迦族的婢女之子。阿摩晝,釋迦族奉甘蔗王(rājāOkkāka)為祖父。”
. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘atibāḷhaṃ kho ayaṃ ambaṭṭho māṇavo sakyesu ibbhavādena nimmādeti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ gottaṃ puccheyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kathaṃ gottosi, ambaṭṭhā’’ti? ‘‘Kaṇhāyanohamasmi, bho gotamā’’ti. Porāṇaṃ kho pana te ambaṭṭha mātāpettikaṃ nāmagottaṃ anussarato ayyaputtā sakyā bhavanti; dāsiputto tvamasi sakyānaṃ. Sakyā kho pana, ambaṭṭha, rājānaṃ okkākaṃ pitāmahaṃ dahanti.
已對照
阿摩晝,從前,甘蔗王想把王位轉讓給自己所寵愛、中意的王后的兒子,便把年長的王子們——烏迦目佉(Okkāmukha)、迦羅建陀(Karakaṇḍa)、訶提尼迦(Hatthinika)、屍尼輸羅(Sinisūra)——驅逐出國。他們被驅逐出國後,在雪山(Himavant)山麓一處蓮池岸邊的大柚木林(mahāsākasaṇḍa)中住了下來。他們因為害怕血統混雜,便與自己的姐妹們同居成家。
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, ambaṭṭha, rājā okkāko yā sā mahesī piyā manāpā, tassā puttassa rajjaṃ pariṇāmetukāmo jeṭṭhakumāre raṭṭhasmā pabbājesi – okkāmukhaṃ karakaṇḍaṃ [ukkāmukhaṃ karakaṇḍuṃ (sī. syā.)] hatthinikaṃ sinisūraṃ [sinipuraṃ (sī. syā.)]. Te raṭṭhasmā pabbājitā himavantapasse pokkharaṇiyā tīre mahāsākasaṇḍo, tattha vāsaṃ kappesuṃ. Te jātisambhedabhayā sakāhi bhaginīhi saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappesuṃ.
PTS 1.93已對照
阿摩晝,那時,甘蔗王召問大臣與廷臣們:“諸位,如今王子們住在哪裡?”“陛下(deva),在雪山山麓一處蓮池岸邊有大柚木林,如今王子們就住在那裡。他們因為害怕血統混雜,與自己的姐妹們同居成家。”阿摩晝,那時甘蔗王發出感嘆:“諸位,王子們真能幹(sakya)啊!諸位,王子們真是最能幹啊!”阿摩晝,從那時起,他們才以“釋迦(Sakya)”為人所知,他就是釋迦族的祖先。
‘‘Atha kho, ambaṭṭha, rājā okkāko amacce pārisajje āmantesi – ‘kahaṃ nu kho, bho, etarahi kumārā sammantī’ti? ‘Atthi, deva, himavantapasse pokkharaṇiyā tīre mahāsākasaṇḍo, tatthetarahi kumārā sammanti. Te jātisambhedabhayā sakāhi bhaginīhi saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappentī’ti. Atha kho, ambaṭṭha, rājā okkāko udānaṃ udānesi – ‘sakyā vata, bho, kumārā, paramasakyā vata, bho, kumārā’ti. Tadagge kho pana ambaṭṭha sakyā paññāyanti; so ca nesaṃ pubbapuriso.
緬 1.88已對照
阿摩晝,甘蔗王有一名叫迪薩(Disā)的婢女,她生下了名叫迦那(Kaṇha)的孩子。迦那一出生就開口說話:“媽媽,給我洗淨!媽媽,給我沐浴!把我從這汙穢中解脫出來,我將對你們有益。”阿摩晝,正如如今人們見到鬼魅(pisāca)就認知為“鬼魅”;同樣地,阿摩晝,那時人們把鬼魅認知為“迦那(kaṇha)”。人們這樣說:“這孩子一出生就說話——是迦那出生了,是鬼魅出生了。”阿摩晝,從那時起,迦那衍那族才為人所知,他就是迦那衍那族的祖先。阿摩晝,如此,若追憶你古老的父方、母方的名姓,釋迦族是主人之子,你則是釋迦族的婢女之子。
‘‘Rañño kho pana, ambaṭṭha, okkākassa disā nāma dāsī ahosi. Sā kaṇhaṃ nāma [sā kaṇhaṃ (pī.)] janesi. Jāto kaṇho pabyāhāsi – ‘dhovatha maṃ, amma, nahāpetha maṃ amma, imasmā maṃ asucismā parimocetha, atthāya vo bhavissāmī’ti. Yathā kho pana ambaṭṭha etarahi manussā pisāce disvā ‘pisācā’ti sañjānanti; evameva kho, ambaṭṭha, tena kho pana samayena manussā pisāce ‘kaṇhā’ti sañjānanti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘ayaṃ jāto pabyāhāsi, kaṇho jāto, pisāco jāto’ti. Tadagge kho pana, ambaṭṭha kaṇhāyanā paññāyanti, so ca kaṇhāyanānaṃ pubbapuriso. Iti kho te, ambaṭṭha, porāṇaṃ mātāpettikaṃ nāmagottaṃ anussarato ayyaputtā sakyā bhavanti, dāsiputto tvamasi sakyāna’’nti.
268已對照
如是說時,那些青年們對世尊說:“請喬達摩尊師不要以‘婢女之子’之說過分貶抑阿摩晝。喬達摩尊師,青年阿摩晝是善生者,青年阿摩晝是良家之子,青年阿摩晝是多聞者,青年阿摩晝善於言辭,青年阿摩晝是智者,青年阿摩晝足以與喬達摩尊師就此言論進行答辯。”
. Evaṃ vutte, te māṇavakā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mā bhavaṃ gotamo ambaṭṭhaṃ atibāḷhaṃ dāsiputtavādena nimmādesi. Sujāto ca, bho gotama ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kulaputto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, bahussuto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, paṇḍito ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, pahoti ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhotā gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’’nti.
269PTS 1.94已對照
於是世尊對那些青年們說:“青年們,如果你們這樣認為:‘青年阿摩晝是惡生者,青年阿摩晝不是良家之子,青年阿摩晝是少聞者,青年阿摩晝不善言辭,青年阿摩晝是劣慧者,青年阿摩晝不足以與沙門喬達摩就此言論進行答辯’,那麼就讓青年阿摩晝且止,你們與我就此言論共論。但如果你們這樣認為:‘青年阿摩晝是善生者,青年阿摩晝是良家之子,青年阿摩晝是多聞者,青年阿摩晝善於言辭,青年阿摩晝是智者,青年阿摩晝足以與沙門喬達摩就此言論進行答辯’,那麼你們且止,讓青年阿摩晝與我進行答辯。”
. Atha kho bhagavā te māṇavake etadavoca – ‘‘sace kho tumhākaṃ māṇavakānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘dujjāto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, akulaputto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, appassuto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, akalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, duppañño ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, na ca pahoti ambaṭṭho māṇavo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatu ambaṭṭho māṇavo, tumhe mayā saddhiṃ mantavho asmiṃ vacane. Sace pana tumhākaṃ māṇavakānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘sujāto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kulaputto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, bahussuto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, paṇḍito ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, pahoti ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatha tumhe; ambaṭṭho māṇavo mayā saddhiṃ paṭimantetū’’ti.
已對照
“喬達摩尊師,青年阿摩晝是善生者,青年阿摩晝是良家之子,青年阿摩晝是多聞者,青年阿摩晝善於言辭,青年阿摩晝是智者,青年阿摩晝足以與喬達摩尊師就此言論進行答辯。我們將保持沉默,讓青年阿摩晝與喬達摩尊師就此言論進行答辯。”
‘‘Sujāto ca, bho gotama, ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kulaputto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, bahussuto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, paṇḍito ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, pahoti ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhotā gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetuṃ, tuṇhī mayaṃ bhavissāma, ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhotā gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetū’’ti.
270緬 1.89已對照
於是世尊對青年阿摩晝說:“阿摩晝,現在向你提出一個如法的問題(sahadhammikapañha),即使不願意,你也應當回答。如果你不回答,或者用別的來搪塞,或者保持沉默,或者離開,你的頭顱就將當場裂為七分。阿摩晝,你認為如何:你從年長耆宿的婆羅門們、老師及老師的老師們的談說中聽到的是什麼——迦那衍那族起源於何處?誰是迦那衍那族的祖先?”
. Atha kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayaṃ kho pana te, ambaṭṭha, sahadhammiko pañho āgacchati, akāmā byākātabbo. Sace tvaṃ na byākarissasi, aññena vā aññaṃ paṭicarissasi, tuṇhī vā bhavissasi, pakkamissasi vā ettheva te sattadhā muddhā phalissati. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, kinti te sutaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ kutopabhutikā kaṇhāyanā, ko ca kaṇhāyanānaṃ pubbapuriso’’ti?
PTS 1.95已對照
如是說時,青年阿摩晝保持沉默。世尊第二次對青年阿摩晝說:“阿摩晝,你認為如何:你從年長耆宿的婆羅門們、老師及老師的老師們的談說中聽到的是什麼——迦那衍那族起源於何處?誰是迦那衍那族的祖先?”青年阿摩晝第二次仍保持沉默。於是世尊對青年阿摩晝說:“阿摩晝,現在回答吧,現在不是你保持沉默的時候。阿摩晝,凡被如來問到第三次的如法問題而仍不回答者,他的頭顱就將當場裂為七分。”
Evaṃ vutte, ambaṭṭho māṇavo tuṇhī ahosi. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, kinti te sutaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ kutopabhutikā kaṇhāyanā, ko ca kaṇhāyanānaṃ pubbapuriso’’ti? Dutiyampi kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo tuṇhī ahosi. Atha kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘byākarohi dāni ambaṭṭha, na dāni, te tuṇhībhāvassa kālo. Yo kho, ambaṭṭha, tathāgatena yāvatatiyakaṃ sahadhammikaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho na byākaroti, etthevassa sattadhā muddhā phalissatī’’ti.
271已對照
· replace立於青年安拔他上方的空中:“如果這個青年安拔他 → 立於青年安拔他上方的空中,[心想]“如果這個青年安拔他
依據:iti引句為心中所念,補“[心想]”與264段體例一致
· append引句為亞卡心中所念(iti引意向),補“[心想]”與264段體例一致(依審校R1修正)。
依據:記錄修正理據
當時,金剛手夜叉(Vajirapāṇīyakkha)手持一柄巨大的鐵錘,燃燒著、熾燃著、發出火光,立於青年阿摩晝上方的空中,[心想]“如果這個青年阿摩晝被世尊問到第三次的如法問題仍不回答,我就當場把他的頭顱打裂為七分!”而那金剛手夜叉,唯有世尊與青年阿摩晝看得見。
. Tena kho pana samayena vajirapāṇī yakkho mahantaṃ ayokūṭaṃ ādāya ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ [sañjotibhūtaṃ (syā.)] ambaṭṭhassa māṇavassa upari vehāsaṃ ṭhito hoti – ‘‘sacāyaṃ ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhagavatā yāvatatiyakaṃ sahadhammikaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho na byākarissati, etthevassa sattadhā muddhaṃ phālessāmī’’ti. Taṃ kho pana vajirapāṇiṃ yakkhaṃ bhagavā ceva passati ambaṭṭho ca māṇavo.
272已對照
於是,青年阿摩晝恐懼、驚惶、身毛豎立,唯向世尊尋求救護,唯向世尊尋求庇護,唯向世尊尋求依怙,坐近之後對世尊說:“喬達摩尊師剛才說了什麼?請喬達摩尊師再說一遍。”
. Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhīto saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto bhagavantaṃyeva tāṇaṃ gavesī bhagavantaṃyeva leṇaṃ gavesī bhagavantaṃyeva saraṇaṃ gavesī – upanisīditvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kimetaṃ [kiṃ me taṃ (ka.)] bhavaṃ gotamo āha? Punabhavaṃ gotamo bravitū’’ti [brūtu (syā.)].
已對照
“阿摩晝,你認為如何:你從年長耆宿的婆羅門們、老師及老師的老師們的談說中聽到的是什麼——迦那衍那族起源於何處?誰是迦那衍那族的祖先?”“喬達摩尊師,正如喬達摩尊師所說,我聽到的也正是如此。迦那衍那族就從那裡起源,他就是迦那衍那族的祖先。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, kinti te sutaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ kutopabhutikā kaṇhāyanā, ko ca kaṇhāyanānaṃ pubbapuriso’’ti? ‘‘Evameva me, bho gotama, sutaṃ yatheva bhavaṃ gotamo āha. Tatopabhutikā kaṇhāyanā; so ca kaṇhāyanānaṃ pubbapuriso’’ti.
阿摩晝世系之論Ambaṭṭhavaṃsakathā
273緬 1.90已對照
如是說時,那些青年們喧譁起來,發出高聲、大聲:“諸位,青年阿摩晝據說是惡生者!諸位,青年阿摩晝據說不是良家之子!諸位,青年阿摩晝據說是釋迦族的婢女之子!諸位,釋迦族據說是青年阿摩晝的主人之子!我們竟然還以為如法而說的沙門喬達摩應當受到貶斥!”
. Evaṃ vutte, te māṇavakā unnādino uccāsaddamahāsaddā ahesuṃ – ‘‘dujjāto kira, bho, ambaṭṭho māṇavo; akulaputto kira, bho, ambaṭṭho māṇavo; dāsiputto kira, bho, ambaṭṭho māṇavo sakyānaṃ. Ayyaputtā kira, bho, ambaṭṭhassa māṇavassa sakyā bhavanti. Dhammavādiṃyeva kira mayaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ apasādetabbaṃ amaññimhā’’ti.
274PTS 1.96已對照
2026-09-06 · 我方跨經不一致pārisajja 作「侍臣」(DN3) / 「廷臣」(DN5) → 全部統一「廷臣」;根本層與義注同步改
依據:巴利同為 pārisajja;與 amacca(大臣)配對,廷臣義更切
那時,世尊這樣想:“這些青年太過分地以‘婢女之子’之說貶抑青年阿摩晝,讓我來解救他吧。”於是世尊對那些青年們說:“青年們,你們不要以‘婢女之子’之說過分貶抑青年阿摩晝。那位迦那曾是一位傑出的仙人(isi)。他前往南方地區,學習了梵典(brahmamanta)之後,來到甘蔗王處,求娶王女末達羅女(Maddarūpī)。甘蔗王[想]:‘這傢伙算什麼,身為我的婢女之子,竟敢求娶我的女兒末達羅女!’便憤怒、不悅,搭上了一支利箭(khurappa)。可是他既不能把那支箭射出,也不能收回。”
. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘atibāḷhaṃ kho ime māṇavakā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ dāsiputtavādena nimmādenti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ parimoceyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā te māṇavake etadavoca – ‘‘mā kho tumhe, māṇavakā, ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ atibāḷhaṃ dāsiputtavādena nimmādetha. Uḷāro so kaṇho isi ahosi. So dakkhiṇajanapadaṃ gantvā brahmamante adhīyitvā rājānaṃ okkākaṃ upasaṅkamitvā maddarūpiṃ dhītaraṃ yāci. Tassa rājā okkāko – ‘ko nevaṃ re ayaṃ mayhaṃ dāsiputto samāno maddarūpiṃ dhītaraṃ yācatī’’’ ti, kupito anattamano khurappaṃ sannayhi [sannahi (ka.)]. So taṃ khurappaṃ neva asakkhi muñcituṃ, no paṭisaṃharituṃ.
PTS 1.97緬 1.91已對照
“青年們,於是大臣與廷臣們來到迦那仙人處,對他說:‘尊師(bhaddante),願國王平安!尊師,願國王平安!’‘國王會平安。但如果國王向下射出這支箭,凡國王的領土所及,大地都將崩裂。’‘尊師,願國王平安,願國土平安!’‘國王會平安,國土也會平安。但如果國王向上射出這支箭,凡國王的領土所及,七年之內天將不降雨。’‘尊師,願國王平安,願國土平安,願天降雨!’‘國王會平安,國土也會平安,天也會降雨。但請國王把箭對準長子,王子將安然無恙。’青年們,於是大臣們稟告甘蔗王:‘請甘蔗王把箭對準長子,王子將安然無恙。’於是甘蔗王把箭對準長子,王子果然安然無恙。於是,甘蔗王恐懼、驚惶、身毛豎立,因遭梵杖(brahmadaṇḍa)威嚇,便把女兒末達羅女嫁給了他。青年們,你們不要以‘婢女之子’之說過分貶抑青年阿摩晝——那位迦那曾是一位傑出的仙人。”
‘‘Atha kho, māṇavakā, amaccā pārisajjā kaṇhaṃ isiṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ – ‘sotthi, bhaddante [bhadante (sī. syā.)], hotu rañño; sotthi, bhaddante, hotu rañño’ti. ‘Sotthi bhavissati rañño, api ca rājā yadi adho khurappaṃ muñcissati, yāvatā rañño vijitaṃ, ettāvatā pathavī undriyissatī’ti. ‘Sotthi, bhaddante, hotu rañño, sotthi janapadassā’ti. ‘Sotthi bhavissati rañño, sotthi janapadassa, api ca rājā yadi uddhaṃ khurappaṃ muñcissati, yāvatā rañño vijitaṃ, ettāvatā satta vassāni devo na vassissatī’ti. ‘Sotthi, bhaddante, hotu rañño sotthi janapadassa devo ca vassatū’ti. ‘Sotthi bhavissati rañño sotthi janapadassa devo ca vassissati, api ca rājā jeṭṭhakumāre khurappaṃ patiṭṭhāpetu, sotthi kumāro pallomo bhavissatī’ti. Atha kho, māṇavakā, amaccā okkākassa ārocesuṃ – ‘okkāko jeṭṭhakumāre khurappaṃ patiṭṭhāpetu. Sotthi kumāro pallomo bhavissatī’ti. Atha kho rājā okkāko jeṭṭhakumāre khurappaṃ patiṭṭhapesi, sotthi kumāro pallomo samabhavi. Atha kho tassa rājā okkāko bhīto saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto brahmadaṇḍena tajjito maddarūpiṃ dhītaraṃ adāsi. Mā kho tumhe, māṇavakā, ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ atibāḷhaṃ dāsiputtavādena nimmādetha, uḷāro so kaṇho isi ahosī’’ti.
剎帝利為最勝Khattiyaseṭṭhabhāvo
275已對照
· replace剎帝利男子與婆羅門女子 → 剎帝利青年與婆羅門少女
依據:kumāra=青年(男)、kaññā=少女,原“男子/女子”失年齒義;四處程式同步
· replace婆羅門男子與剎帝利女子 → 婆羅門青年與剎帝利少女
依據:同上,平行段同步(brāhmaṇakumāro khattiyakaññāya)
· appendkhattiyakumāra/brāhmaṇakaññā之kumāra、kaññā依審校R2修正譯“青年/少女”(四處程式同步;與māṇava“青年”不相混:一為族姓青年、一為學生青年)。
依據:記錄修正理據
於是世尊喚青年阿摩晝說:“阿摩晝,你認為如何:在這裡,若有剎帝利青年與婆羅門少女同居,因他們的同居而生了兒子。這個由剎帝利青年與婆羅門少女所生的兒子,他能否在婆羅門中獲得座位或水?”“能獲得,喬達摩尊師。”“婆羅門們會在喪祭(saddha)、鍋飯祭(thālipāka)、祭祀(yañña)或賓客宴(pāhuna)中請他用餐嗎?”“會請他用餐,喬達摩尊師。”“婆羅門們會教他讀誦聖典(manta),還是不會?”“會教,喬達摩尊師。”“在女人方面,對他是遮止的,還是不遮止的?”“是不遮止的,喬達摩尊師。”“剎帝利們會以剎帝利的灌頂(khattiyābhiseka)為他灌頂嗎?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”“那是什麼原因呢?”“喬達摩尊師,因為他從母方不成就。”
. Atha kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, idha khattiyakumāro brāhmaṇakaññāya saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappeyya, tesaṃ saṃvāsamanvāya putto jāyetha. Yo so khattiyakumārena brāhmaṇakaññāya putto uppanno, api nu so labhetha brāhmaṇesu āsanaṃ vā udakaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Labhetha, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā’’ti? ‘‘Bhojeyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā mante vāceyyuṃ vā no vā’’ti? ‘‘Vāceyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinussa itthīsu āvaṭaṃ vā assa anāvaṭaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Anāvaṭaṃ hissa, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ khattiyā khattiyābhisekena abhisiñceyyu’’nti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Mātito hi, bho gotama, anupapanno’’ti.
PTS 1.98已對照
“阿摩晝,你認為如何:在這裡,若有婆羅門青年與剎帝利少女同居,因他們的同居而生了兒子。這個由婆羅門青年與剎帝利少女所生的兒子,他能否在婆羅門中獲得座位或水?”“能獲得,喬達摩尊師。”“婆羅門們會在喪祭、鍋飯祭、祭祀或賓客宴中請他用餐嗎?”“會請他用餐,喬達摩尊師。”“婆羅門們會教他讀誦聖典,還是不會?”“會教,喬達摩尊師。”“在女人方面,對他是遮止的,還是不遮止的?”“是不遮止的,喬達摩尊師。”“剎帝利們會以剎帝利的灌頂為他灌頂嗎?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”“那是什麼原因呢?”“喬達摩尊師,因為他從父方不成就。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, idha brāhmaṇakumāro khattiyakaññāya saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappeyya, tesaṃ saṃvāsamanvāya putto jāyetha. Yo so brāhmaṇakumārena khattiyakaññāya putto uppanno, apinu so labhetha brāhmaṇesu āsanaṃ vā udakaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Labhetha, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā’’ti? ‘‘Bhojeyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā mante vāceyyuṃ vā no vā’’ti? ‘‘Vāceyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinussa itthīsu āvaṭaṃ vā assa anāvaṭaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Anāvaṭaṃ hissa, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ khattiyā khattiyābhisekena abhisiñceyyu’’nti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Pitito hi, bho gotama, anupapanno’’ti.
276緬 1.92已對照
“如此,阿摩晝,無論以女比女,還是以男比男,都是剎帝利最勝,婆羅門為劣。阿摩晝,你認為如何:在這裡,婆羅門們因某種事由,把一位婆羅門剃成光頭,以灰袋責打,從國土或城市驅逐出去。他能否在婆羅門中獲得座位或水?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”“婆羅門們會在喪祭、鍋飯祭、祭祀或賓客宴中請他用餐嗎?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”“婆羅門們會教他讀誦聖典,還是不會?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”“在女人方面,對他是遮止的,還是不遮止的?”“是遮止的,喬達摩尊師。”
. ‘‘Iti kho, ambaṭṭha, itthiyā vā itthiṃ karitvā purisena vā purisaṃ karitvā khattiyāva seṭṭhā, hīnā brāhmaṇā. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, idha brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ kismiñcideva pakaraṇe khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā bhassapuṭena vadhitvā raṭṭhā vā nagarā vā pabbājeyyuṃ. Apinu so labhetha brāhmaṇesu āsanaṃ vā udakaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā mante vāceyyuṃ vā no vā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinussa itthīsu āvaṭaṃ vā assa anāvaṭaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Āvaṭaṃ hissa, bho gotama’’.
已對照
“阿摩晝,你認為如何:在這裡,剎帝利們因某種事由,把一位剎帝利剃成光頭,以灰袋責打,從國土或城市驅逐出去。他能否在婆羅門中獲得座位或水?”“能獲得,喬達摩尊師。”“婆羅門們會在喪祭、鍋飯祭、祭祀或賓客宴中請他用餐嗎?”“會請他用餐,喬達摩尊師。”“婆羅門們會教他讀誦聖典,還是不會?”“會教,喬達摩尊師。”“在女人方面,對他是遮止的,還是不遮止的?”“是不遮止的,喬達摩尊師。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, idha khattiyā khattiyaṃ kismiñcideva pakaraṇe khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā bhassapuṭena vadhitvā raṭṭhā vā nagarā vā pabbājeyyuṃ. Apinu so labhetha brāhmaṇesu āsanaṃ vā udakaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Labhetha, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā’’ti? ‘‘Bhojeyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā mante vāceyyuṃ vā no vā’’ti? ‘‘Vāceyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinussa itthīsu āvaṭaṃ vā assa anāvaṭaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Anāvaṭaṃ hissa, bho gotama’’.
277PTS 1.99已對照
“阿摩晝,當剎帝利們把他剃成光頭,以灰袋責打,從國土或城市驅逐出去時,剎帝利才算落到了極度卑下之境。如此,阿摩晝,即使當剎帝利落到極度卑下之境時,仍然是剎帝利最勝,婆羅門為劣。阿摩晝,梵天常童子(BrahmāSanaṅkumāra)也說過這首偈頌(gāthā)——
. ‘‘Ettāvatā kho, ambaṭṭha, khattiyo paramanihīnataṃ patto hoti, yadeva naṃ khattiyā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā bhassapuṭena vadhitvā raṭṭhā vā nagarā vā pabbājenti. Iti kho, ambaṭṭha, yadā khattiyo paramanihīnataṃ patto hoti, tadāpi khattiyāva seṭṭhā, hīnā brāhmaṇā. Brahmunā pesā, ambaṭṭha [brahmunāpi ambaṭṭha (ka.), brahmunāpi eso ambaṭṭha (pī.)], sanaṅkumārena gāthā bhāsitā –
已對照
“剎帝利於人眾中最尊——
‘Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ,
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對那些依憑氏族者而言;
Ye gottapaṭisārino;
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明與行具足者,
Vijjācaraṇasampanno,
已對照
他於天與人中最尊。”
So seṭṭho devamānuse’ti.
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“阿摩晝,梵天常童子的這首偈頌確實是善唱而非惡唱,善說而非惡說,具足義利而非無義利,為我所認可。阿摩晝,我也這樣說——
‘‘Sā kho panesā, ambaṭṭha, brahmunā sanaṅkumārena gāthā sugītā no duggītā, subhāsitā no dubbhāsitā, atthasaṃhitā no anatthasaṃhitā, anumatā mayā. Ahampi hi, ambaṭṭha, evaṃ vadāmi –
緬 1.93已對照
“剎帝利於人眾中最尊——
‘Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ,
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對那些依憑氏族者而言;
Ye gottapaṭisārino;
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明與行具足者,
Vijjācaraṇasampanno,
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他於天與人中最尊。”
So seṭṭho devamānuse’ti.
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第一誦分結束。
Bhāṇavāro paṭhamo.
明與行之說Vijjācaraṇakathā
278PTS 1.100已對照
“喬達摩尊師,那行(caraṇa)是什麼?而那明(vijjā)又是什麼?”“阿摩晝,在無上的明與行成就(anuttarāvijjācaraṇasampadā)中,既不說出生論(jātivāda),也不說氏族論(gottavāda),也不說慢論(mānavāda)——‘你配得上我,或你配不上我。’阿摩晝,凡在有娶婦、嫁女或嫁娶之處,才說這出生論、氏族論、慢論——‘你配得上我,或你配不上我。’阿摩晝,凡是繫縛於出生論、繫縛於氏族論、繫縛於慢論、繫縛於嫁娶者,他們都遠離無上的明與行成就。阿摩晝,唯有舍斷了出生論的繫縛、氏族論的繫縛、慢論的繫縛與嫁娶的繫縛,才有無上明與行成就的證得。”
. ‘‘Katamaṃ pana taṃ, bho gotama, caraṇaṃ, katamā ca pana sā vijjā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya jātivādo vā vuccati, gottavādo vā vuccati, mānavādo vā vuccati – ‘arahasi vā maṃ tvaṃ, na vā maṃ tvaṃ arahasī’ti. Yattha kho, ambaṭṭha, āvāho vā hoti, vivāho vā hoti, āvāhavivāho vā hoti, etthetaṃ vuccati jātivādo vā itipi gottavādo vā itipi mānavādo vā itipi – ‘arahasi vā maṃ tvaṃ, na vā maṃ tvaṃ arahasī’ti. Ye hi keci ambaṭṭha jātivādavinibaddhā vā gottavādavinibaddhā vā mānavādavinibaddhā vā āvāhavivāhavinibaddhā vā, ārakā te anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya. Pahāya kho, ambaṭṭha, jātivādavinibaddhañca gottavādavinibaddhañca mānavādavinibaddhañca āvāhavivāhavinibaddhañca anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya sacchikiriyā hotī’’ti.
279緬 1.94已對照
· replace或再生於其他家族者 → 或出生於其他某個家族者
依據:paccājāta=出生,“再生”在婆羅門語境易與“再生族(dvija)”相混;補譯aññatara“某個”
· appendaññatarasmiṃ vā kule paccājāto譯“或出生於其他某個家族者”:paccājāta=出生(paṭi+ā+jan),非“再生(轉世/再生族dvija)”義;aññatara=其他某一個(依審校R2修正;本句複用DN2 n191定稿,DN2已同步回改,見跨經同步清單)。
依據:記錄修正理據及DN2回改
“喬達摩尊師,那行是什麼?那明又是什麼?”“阿摩晝,於此,如來(Tathāgata)出現於世間,是阿羅漢、正等正覺者、明行具足、善逝、世間解、無上者、調御丈夫、天人導師、佛陀、世尊。他自己以證智證知這個有諸天、魔、梵天的世間,以及有沙門、婆羅門、諸天與人的人眾之後,予以宣說。他教導初善、中善、後善的,具足義理與文句的法,顯示完全圓滿、遍淨的梵行。居士(gahapati)、居士之子,或出生於其他某個家族者聽聞那法。他聽聞那法之後,獲得對如來的信心。他具足如此獲得的信心,如是思察……乃至……
. ‘‘Katamaṃ pana taṃ, bho gotama, caraṇaṃ, katamā ca sā vijjā’’ti? ‘‘Idha, ambaṭṭha, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Taṃ dhammaṃ suṇāti gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā aññatarasmiṃ vā kule paccājāto. So taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā tathāgate saddhaṃ paṭilabhati. So tena saddhāpaṭilābhena samannāgato iti paṭisañcikkhati…pe… (yathā 191 ādayo anucchedā, evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ).…
已對照
“他已離諸欲,離諸不善法,有尋(vitakka)、有伺(vicāra),離生喜、樂,成就並住於初禪……乃至……這也屬於他的行。
‘‘So vivicceva kāmehi, vivicca akusalehi dhammehi, savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ.
已對照
“再者,阿摩晝,比丘尋、伺寂止,內潔淨,心專一性,無尋、無伺,定生喜、樂,成就並住於第二禪……乃至……這也屬於他的行。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ.
已對照
“再者,阿摩晝,比丘離喜,住於舍(upekkhā),具念與正知,以身受樂,正如聖者們所說的:‘舍、具念、樂住。’成就並住於第三禪……乃至……這也屬於他的行。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ.
已對照
“再者,阿摩晝,比丘舍斷樂與舍斷苦,先前的喜、憂已經滅沒,不苦不樂,舍念清淨(upekkhāsatipārisuddhi),成就並住於第四禪……乃至……這也屬於他的行。阿摩晝,這就是那行。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā, pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ. Idaṃ kho taṃ, ambaṭṭha, caraṇaṃ.
已對照
“當他的心如此得定、清淨、皎潔、無穢、離隨煩惱(upakkilesa)、柔軟、適於作業、住立、達到不動時,他引導心、使心轉向於智見(ñāṇadassana)……乃至……這也屬於他的明……乃至……他了知:‘……再無後有。’這也屬於他的明。阿摩晝,這就是那明。
‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti…pe… idampissa hoti vijjāya…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti, idampissa hoti vijjāya. Ayaṃ kho sā, ambaṭṭha, vijjā.
已對照
“阿摩晝,這樣的比丘被稱為‘明具足’,也被稱為‘行具足’,也被稱為‘明與行具足’。阿摩晝,比這明成就與行成就更上、更殊勝的其他明成就與行成就,是不存在的。”
‘‘Ayaṃ vuccati, ambaṭṭha, bhikkhu ‘vijjāsampanno’ itipi, ‘caraṇasampanno’ itipi, ‘vijjācaraṇasampanno’ itipi. Imāya ca ambaṭṭha vijjāsampadāya caraṇasampadāya ca aññā vijjāsampadā ca caraṇasampadā ca uttaritarā vā paṇītatarā vā natthi.
四種墮落處Catuapāyamukhaṃ
280PTS 1.101緬 1.95已對照
· no_change依據:khārividha“擔具”加方括號補語與“沒把握”註記妥當,維持並保留待審標記
“阿摩晝,對於這無上的明與行成就,有四種墮落處(apāyamukha)。哪四種?阿摩晝,於此,某個沙門或婆羅門,未能達成這無上的明與行成就,便挑起[苦行者的]擔具(khārividha),深入林野之處——[心想]‘我將以落下的果實為食。’他終究只能成為明與行具足者的侍從。阿摩晝,這就是這無上明與行成就的第一種墮落處。
. ‘‘Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya cattāri apāyamukhāni bhavanti. Katamāni cattāri? Idha, ambaṭṭha, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā imaññeva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno khārividhamādāya [khārivividhamādāya (sī. syā. pī.)] araññāyatanaṃ ajjhogāhati – ‘pavattaphalabhojano bhavissāmī’ti. So aññadatthu vijjācaraṇasampannasseva paricārako sampajjati. Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya idaṃ paṭhamaṃ apāyamukhaṃ bhavati.
已對照
“再者,阿摩晝,於此,某個沙門或婆羅門,未能達成這無上的明與行成就,也未能達成以落下的果實為食,便拿起鍬與筐(kudālapiṭaka),深入林野叢林——[心想]‘我將以塊莖、樹根與果實為食。’他終究只能成為明與行具足者的侍從。阿摩晝,這就是這無上明與行成就的第二種墮落處。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, idhekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kudālapiṭakaṃ [kuddālapiṭakaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] ādāya araññavanaṃ ajjhogāhati – ‘kandamūlaphalabhojano bhavissāmī’ti. So aññadatthu vijjācaraṇasampannasseva paricārako sampajjati. Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya idaṃ dutiyaṃ apāyamukhaṃ bhavati.
已對照
“再者,阿摩晝,於此,某個沙門或婆羅門,未能達成這無上的明與行成就,也未能達成以落下的果實為食,也未能達成以塊莖、樹根與果實為食,便在村莊附近或市鎮附近建造事火堂(agyāgāra),事奉著火而住。他終究只能成為明與行具足者的侍從。阿摩晝,這就是這無上明與行成就的第三種墮落處。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, idhekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kandamūlaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno gāmasāmantaṃ vā nigamasāmantaṃ vā agyāgāraṃ karitvā aggiṃ paricaranto acchati. So aññadatthu vijjācaraṇasampannasseva paricārako sampajjati. Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya idaṃ tatiyaṃ apāyamukhaṃ bhavati.
PTS 1.102已對照
“再者,阿摩晝,於此,某個沙門或婆羅門,未能達成這無上的明與行成就,也未能達成以落下的果實為食,也未能達成以塊莖、樹根與果實為食,也未能達成事奉火,便在四衢大道建造四門的屋子而住——[心想]‘凡從這四方前來的沙門或婆羅門,我將盡己所能、盡己之力恭敬供奉他。’他終究只能成為明與行具足者的侍從。阿摩晝,這就是這無上明與行成就的第四種墮落處。阿摩晝,對於這無上的明與行成就,就有這四種墮落處。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, idhekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā imaṃ ceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kandamūlaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno aggipāricariyañca anabhisambhuṇamāno cātumahāpathe catudvāraṃ agāraṃ karitvā acchati – ‘yo imāhi catūhi disāhi āgamissati samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā, tamahaṃ yathāsatti yathābalaṃ paṭipūjessāmī’ti. So aññadatthu vijjācaraṇasampannasseva paricārako sampajjati. Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya idaṃ catutthaṃ apāyamukhaṃ bhavati. Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya imāni cattāri apāyamukhāni bhavanti.
281緬 1.96已對照
“阿摩晝,你認為如何:你和你的老師身上是否顯現這無上的明與行成就?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。喬達摩尊師,我和我的老師算什麼,無上的明與行成就又算什麼?喬達摩尊師,我和我的老師遠離無上的明與行成就。”
. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, apinu tvaṃ imāya anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya sandissasi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘Kocāhaṃ, bho gotama, sācariyako, kā ca anuttarā vijjācaraṇasampadā? Ārakāhaṃ, bho gotama, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya sācariyako’’ti.
已對照
“阿摩晝,你認為如何:你和你的老師雖未能達成這無上的明與行成就,是否曾挑起[苦行者的]擔具,深入林野叢林——[心想]‘我將以落下的果實為食’?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, apinu tvaṃ imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno khārividhamādāya araññavanamajjhogāhasi sācariyako – ‘pavattaphalabhojano bhavissāmī’’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
已對照
“阿摩晝,你認為如何:你和你的老師雖未能達成這無上的明與行成就,也未能達成以落下的果實為食,是否曾拿起鍬與筐,深入林野叢林——[心想]‘我將以塊莖、樹根與果實為食’?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, apinu tvaṃ imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kudālapiṭakaṃ ādāya araññavanamajjhogāhasi sācariyako – ‘kandamūlaphalabhojano bhavissāmī’’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
PTS 1.103已對照
“阿摩晝,你認為如何:你和你的老師雖未能達成這無上的明與行成就,也未能達成以落下的果實為食,也未能達成以塊莖、樹根與果實為食,是否曾在村莊附近或市鎮附近建造事火堂,事奉著火而住?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, apinu tvaṃ imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kandamūlaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno gāmasāmantaṃ vā nigamasāmantaṃ vā agyāgāraṃ karitvā aggiṃ paricaranto acchasi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
已對照
“阿摩晝,你認為如何:你和你的老師雖未能達成這無上的明與行成就,也未能達成以落下的果實為食,也未能達成以塊莖、樹根與果實為食,也未能達成事奉火,是否曾在四衢大道建造四門的屋子而住——[心想]‘凡從這四方前來的沙門或婆羅門,我們將盡己所能、盡己之力恭敬供奉他’?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, apinu tvaṃ imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kandamūlaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno aggipāricariyañca anabhisambhuṇamāno cātumahāpathe catudvāraṃ agāraṃ karitvā acchasi sācariyako – ‘yo imāhi catūhi disāhi āgamissati samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā, taṃ mayaṃ yathāsatti yathābalaṃ paṭipūjessāmā’’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
282已對照
· replacetevijja此處指精通三吠陀(與佛教“三明”同詞異指)。 → tevijja此處指精通三吠陀:婆羅門之“三明”謂三吠陀(梨俱、夜柔、娑摩),與佛教三明(宿住隨念、天眼、漏盡)同詞異指(依審校R2補註,291段隨之)。
依據:“三明”首現處補註三吠陀義
“阿摩晝,如此,你和你的老師既退失於這無上的明與行成就;凡這無上明與行成就的四種墮落處,你和你的老師也退失於此。阿摩晝,然而你的老師婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅卻說過這樣的話:‘那些剃光頭的沙門之流、僱工、黑者、從梵天足下所生之輩算什麼?與精通三吠陀的婆羅門[能]有什麼共論?’——他自己連墮落處[之行]都未能圓滿。阿摩晝,你看,你的老師婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅這是對你何等的過失!
. ‘‘Iti kho, ambaṭṭha, imāya ceva tvaṃ anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya parihīno sācariyako. Ye cime anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya cattāri apāyamukhāni bhavanti, tato ca tvaṃ parihīno sācariyako. Bhāsitā kho pana te esā, ambaṭṭha, ācariyena brāhmaṇena pokkharasātinā vācā – ‘ke ca muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kaṇhā bandhupādāpaccā, kā ca tevijjānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ sākacchā’ti attanā āpāyikopi aparipūramāno. Passa, ambaṭṭha, yāva aparaddhañca te idaṃ ācariyassa brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa.
考問古仙人之行Pubbakaisibhāvānuyogo
283緬 1.97已對照
· no_change依據:“接受如法呈奉的施食”句法歧解已註明“沒把握”,維持,終審補核義注
“阿摩晝,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅享用憍薩羅國王波斯匿所賜之食,但憍薩羅國王波斯匿連與他當面[相見]都不給;每當與他商議時,也是隔著布幕商議。阿摩晝,一個接受如法呈奉的施食的人,憍薩羅國王波斯匿為什麼連當面[相見]都不給他呢?阿摩晝,你看,你的老師婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅這是對你何等的過失!
. ‘‘Brāhmaṇo kho pana, ambaṭṭha, pokkharasāti rañño pasenadissa kosalassa dattikaṃ bhuñjati. Tassa rājā pasenadi kosalo sammukhībhāvampi na dadāti. Yadāpi tena manteti, tirodussantena manteti. Yassa kho pana, ambaṭṭha, dhammikaṃ payātaṃ bhikkhaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya, kathaṃ tassa rājā pasenadi kosalo sammukhībhāvampi na dadeyya. Passa, ambaṭṭha, yāva aparaddhañca te idaṃ ācariyassa brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa.
284PTS 1.104已對照
“阿摩晝,你認為如何:於此,憍薩羅國王波斯匿或坐在象頸上,或坐在馬背上,或站在車墊上,與諸高官(ugga)或王族(rājañña)商議某項謀議。假如他離開那個地方,站到一旁,然後來了一個首陀羅或首陀羅的奴僕,站在那個地方,商議同樣的謀議,[說]:‘憍薩羅國王波斯匿這樣說,憍薩羅國王波斯匿也這樣說。’難道[僅憑]他說了國王所說的話,商議了國王所商議的,他就因此成為國王或王之大臣了嗎?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”
. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, idha rājā pasenadi kosalo hatthigīvāya vā nisinno assapiṭṭhe vā nisinno rathūpatthare vā ṭhito uggehi vā rājaññehi vā kiñcideva mantanaṃ manteyya. So tamhā padesā apakkamma ekamantaṃ tiṭṭheyya. Atha āgaccheyya suddo vā suddadāso vā, tasmiṃ padese ṭhito tadeva mantanaṃ manteyya – ‘evampi rājā pasenadi kosalo āha, evampi rājā pasenadi kosalo āhā’ti. Apinu so rājabhaṇitaṃ vā bhaṇati rājamantanaṃ vā manteti? Ettāvatā so assa rājā vā rājamatto vā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
285已對照
“同樣地,阿摩晝,古時婆羅門的仙人們,是聖典的創作者、聖典的傳出者,他們所唱誦、宣說、彙集的古聖典句,如今的婆羅門們仍隨之唱誦、隨之誦說——隨說其所說,隨教其所教——[那些仙人]即:阿吒迦(Aṭṭhaka)、婆摩迦(Vāmaka)、婆摩提婆(Vāmadeva)、毗舍蜜多(Vessāmitta)、耶摩得祗(Yamataggi)、鴦耆羅娑(Aṅgīrasa)、婆羅墮婆闍(Bhāradvāja)、婆私吒(Vāseṭṭha)、迦葉(Kassapa)、婆求(Bhagu)。[你以為]‘我和我的老師學習他們的聖典’,就憑這樣你將成為仙人或已行向仙人之位者——這是不可能的。
. ‘‘Evameva kho tvaṃ, ambaṭṭha, ye te ahesuṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ pubbakā isayo mantānaṃ kattāro mantānaṃ pavattāro, yesamidaṃ etarahi brāhmaṇā porāṇaṃ mantapadaṃ gītaṃ pavuttaṃ samihitaṃ, tadanugāyanti tadanubhāsanti bhāsitamanubhāsanti vācitamanuvācenti, seyyathidaṃ – aṭṭhako vāmako vāmadevo vessāmitto yamataggi [yamadaggi (ka.)] aṅgīraso bhāradvājo vāseṭṭho kassapo bhagu – ‘tyāhaṃ mante adhiyāmi sācariyako’ti, tāvatā tvaṃ bhavissasi isi vā isitthāya vā paṭipannoti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
286PTS 1.105緬 1.98已對照
“阿摩晝,你認為如何:你從年長耆宿的婆羅門們、老師及老師的老師們的談說中聽到的是什麼——古時婆羅門的仙人們,是聖典的創作者、聖典的傳出者,他們所唱誦、宣說、彙集的古聖典句,如今的婆羅門們仍隨之唱誦、隨之誦說——隨說其所說,隨教其所教——即:阿吒迦、婆摩迦、婆摩提婆、毗舍蜜多、耶摩得祗、鴦耆羅娑、婆羅墮婆闍、婆私吒、迦葉、婆求——那些仙人是否也像你如今和你的老師這樣:善沐浴、善塗香,鬚髮修整,佩戴摩尼(maṇi)寶珠與耳環之飾,身著白衣,具備、具足五欲功德(kāmaguṇa)而恣意享樂?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”
. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, kinti te sutaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ye te ahesuṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ pubbakā isayo mantānaṃ kattāro mantānaṃ pavattāro, yesamidaṃ etarahi brāhmaṇā porāṇaṃ mantapadaṃ gītaṃ pavuttaṃ samihitaṃ, tadanugāyanti tadanubhāsanti bhāsitamanubhāsanti vācitamanuvācenti, seyyathidaṃ – aṭṭhako vāmako vāmadevo vessāmitto yamataggi aṅgīraso bhāradvājo vāseṭṭho kassapo bhagu, evaṃ su te sunhātā suvilittā kappitakesamassū āmukkamaṇikuṇḍalābharaṇā [āmuttamālābharaṇā (sī. syā. pī.)] odātavatthavasanā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārenti, seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
已對照
“……乃至……那些仙人是否也像你如今和你的老師這樣:食用揀除黑粒、澆以淨肉汁、有多種湯汁、多種菜餚的粳米飯?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”
‘‘…Pe… evaṃ su te sālīnaṃ odanaṃ sucimaṃsūpasecanaṃ vicitakāḷakaṃ anekasūpaṃ anekabyañjanaṃ paribhuñjanti, seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
已對照
“……乃至……那些仙人是否也像你如今和你的老師這樣:由腰際纏束飾帶的女子們侍奉取樂?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”
‘‘…Pe… evaṃ su te veṭhakanatapassāhi nārīhi paricārenti, seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
已對照
“……乃至……那些仙人是否也像你如今和你的老師這樣:乘著修飾過尾鬃的母馬車,以長刺棒策打駕乘[的馬],四處驅馳?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”
‘‘…Pe… evaṃ su te kuttavālehi vaḷavārathehi dīghāhi patodalaṭṭhīhi vāhane vitudentā vipariyāyanti, seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
已對照
“……乃至……那些仙人是否也像你如今和你的老師這樣:在挖有壕溝、架設門閂的城塞工事中,讓佩帶長劍的男子們守護?”“喬達摩尊師,確實不然。”
‘‘…Pe… evaṃ su te ukkiṇṇaparikhāsu okkhittapalighāsu nagarūpakārikāsu dīghāsivudhehi [dīghāsibaddhehi (syā. pī.)] purisehi rakkhāpenti, seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
已對照
“阿摩晝,如此,你和你的老師既不是仙人,也不是已行向仙人之位者。阿摩晝,凡對我有疑惑或困惑者,儘可以問題問我,我將以解答予以澄清。”
‘‘Iti kho, ambaṭṭha, neva tvaṃ isi na isitthāya paṭipanno sācariyako. Yassa kho pana, ambaṭṭha, mayi kaṅkhā vā vimati vā so maṃ pañhena, ahaṃ veyyākaraṇena sodhissāmī’’ti.
示現二相Dvelakkhaṇādassanaṃ
287PTS 1.106緬 1.99已對照
於是,世尊從住處出來,走上經行處經行。青年阿摩晝也從住處出來,走上經行處經行。青年阿摩晝跟隨著正在經行的世尊來回經行,在世尊身上尋察三十二大丈夫相。青年阿摩晝在世尊身上見到了大部分的三十二大丈夫相,唯除兩種。對於兩種大丈夫相——陰藏相(kosohitavatthaguyha)與廣長舌相(pahūtajivhatā)——他猶豫、疑惑,不能信解,不能淨信。
. Atha kho bhagavā vihārā nikkhamma caṅkamaṃ abbhuṭṭhāsi. Ambaṭṭhopi māṇavo vihārā nikkhamma caṅkamaṃ abbhuṭṭhāsi. Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhagavantaṃ caṅkamantaṃ anucaṅkamamāno bhagavato kāye dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni samannesi. Addasā kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhagavato kāye dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve. Dvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati – kosohite ca vatthaguyhe pahūtajivhatāya ca.
288已對照
那時,世尊這樣想:“這位青年阿摩晝在我身上見到了大部分的三十二大丈夫相,唯除兩種。對於兩種大丈夫相——陰藏相與廣長舌相——他猶豫、疑惑,不能信解,不能淨信。”於是,世尊作出這樣的神通作為(iddhābhisaṅkhāra),使青年阿摩晝得以見到世尊的陰藏相。接著,世尊伸出舌頭,以舌觸撫、再觸撫兩邊耳孔,觸撫、再觸撫兩邊鼻孔,並以舌頭覆蓋整個額面。那時,青年阿摩晝這樣想:“沙門喬達摩具足圓滿而非不圓滿的三十二大丈夫相。”他對世尊說:“喬達摩尊師,現在我們要告辭了,我們事務繁忙,有許多應做的事。”“阿摩晝,現在請隨你認為適時[而做]吧。”於是,青年阿摩晝登上母馬車離去。
. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘passati kho me ayaṃ ambaṭṭho māṇavo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve. Dvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati – kosohite ca vatthaguyhe pahūtajivhatāya cā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi yathā addasa ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhagavato kosohitaṃ vatthaguyhaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā jivhaṃ ninnāmetvā ubhopi kaṇṇasotāni anumasi paṭimasi, ubhopi nāsikasotāni anumasi paṭimasi, kevalampi nalāṭamaṇḍalaṃ jivhāya chādesi. Atha kho ambaṭṭhassa māṇavassa etadahosi – ‘‘samannāgato kho samaṇo gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi paripuṇṇehi, no aparipuṇṇehī’’ti. Bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘handa ca dāni mayaṃ, bho gotama, gacchāma, bahukiccā mayaṃ bahukaraṇīyā’’ti. ‘‘Yassadāni tvaṃ, ambaṭṭha, kālaṃ maññasī’’ti. Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo vaḷavārathamāruyha pakkāmi.
289已對照
那時,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅已從鬱伽羅出來,與一大群婆羅門一起坐在自己的園林中,正等候著青年阿摩晝。當時,青年阿摩晝朝自己的園林而來。他乘車走到車所能通行之處後,便下車步行,前往婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅那裡;到了之後,禮敬婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅,坐在一旁。
. Tena kho pana samayena brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti ukkaṭṭhāya nikkhamitvā mahatā brāhmaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ sake ārāme nisinno hoti ambaṭṭhaṃyeva māṇavaṃ paṭimānento. Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo yena sako ārāmo tena pāyāsi. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi, yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova yena brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā brāhmaṇaṃ pokkharasātiṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
290PTS 1.107緬 1.100已對照
婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅對坐在一旁的青年阿摩晝說:“親愛的阿摩晝,你可見到了那位喬達摩尊師?”“尊師,我們見到了那位喬達摩尊師。”“親愛的阿摩晝,那位喬達摩尊師是否確如所傳揚的名聲那樣,而非不同?那位喬達摩尊師是否確實如此,而非別樣?”“尊師,那位喬達摩尊師確如所傳揚的名聲那樣,而非不同;那位喬達摩尊師確實如此,而非別樣。而且那位喬達摩尊師具足圓滿而非不圓滿的三十二大丈夫相。”“親愛的阿摩晝,你與沙門喬達摩之間可曾有過什麼交談?”“尊師,我與沙門喬達摩之間確曾有過一些交談。”“親愛的阿摩晝,你與沙門喬達摩之間是怎樣交談的?”於是,青年阿摩晝把與世尊之間的所有交談,全部告訴了婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅。
. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti etadavoca – ‘‘kacci, tāta ambaṭṭha, addasa taṃ bhavantaṃ gotama’’nti? ‘‘Addasāma kho mayaṃ, bho, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotama’’nti. ‘‘Kacci, tāta ambaṭṭha, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ tathā santaṃyeva saddo abbhuggato no aññathā; kacci pana so bhavaṃ gotamo tādiso no aññādiso’’ti? ‘‘Tathā santaṃyeva, bho, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saddo abbhuggato no aññathā, tādisova so bhavaṃ gotamo no aññādiso. Samannāgato ca so bhavaṃ gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi paripuṇṇehi no aparipuṇṇehī’’ti. ‘‘Ahu pana te, tāta ambaṭṭha, samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti? ‘‘Ahu kho me, bho, samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana te, tāta ambaṭṭha, ahu samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti? Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo yāvatako [yāvatiko (ka. pī.)] ahosi bhagavatā saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo, taṃ sabbaṃ brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa ārocesi.
291已對照
· append“三明者(tevijjaka)”指通達三吠陀者:婆羅門之“三明”謂三吠陀,非佛教三明(見282段注;依審校R2補註)。
依據:291段隨282段補註
如是說時,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅對青年阿摩晝說:“咳!我們的這位‘智者’!咳!我們的這位‘多聞者’!咳!我們的這位‘三吠陀者’!諸位,據說靠這樣一位‘辦事人’,人在身壞命終之後,將投生於苦界、惡趣、墮處、地獄!阿摩晝,你竟這樣一再地冒犯攻訐那位喬達摩尊師,而那位喬達摩尊師也就這樣一再地牽連到我們來說。咳!我們的這位‘智者’!咳!我們的這位‘多聞者’!咳!我們的這位‘三吠陀者’!諸位,據說靠這樣一位‘辦事人’,人在身壞命終之後,將投生於苦界、惡趣、墮處、地獄!”他憤怒、不悅,當即抬腳把青年阿摩晝踢翻在地,並且想立刻就前去見世尊。
. Evaṃ vutte, brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘aho vata re amhākaṃ paṇḍitaka [paṇḍitakā], aho vata re amhākaṃ bahussutaka [bahussutakā], aho vata re amhākaṃ tevijjaka [tevijjakā], evarūpena kira, bho, puriso atthacarakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya. Yadeva kho tvaṃ, ambaṭṭha, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ āsajja āsajja avacāsi, atha kho so bhavaṃ gotamo amhepi evaṃ upaneyya upaneyya avaca. Aho vata re amhākaṃ paṇḍitaka, aho vata re amhākaṃ bahussutaka, aho vata re amhākaṃ tevijjaka, evarūpena kira, bho, puriso atthacarakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyyā’’ti, kupito [so kupito (pī.)] anattamano ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ padasāyeva pavattesi. Icchati ca tāvadeva bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
沸伽羅娑羅往詣佛陀Pokkharasātibuddhupasaṅkamanaṃ
292PTS 1.108緬 1.101已對照
· replace在火把的持照下從伍咖他出發 → 在[眾人]執持火炬下從伍咖他出發
依據:ukkāsu dhāriyamānāsu為獨立處格“在火炬被執持時”,原“持照”生硬且“照”無對應詞
· appendukkāsu dhāriyamānāsu為獨立處格,譯“在[眾人]執持火炬下”(依審校R3修正)。
依據:記錄修正理據
於是,那些婆羅門對婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅說:“尊師,今天去見沙門喬達摩,時間已經太晚了。明天沸伽羅娑羅尊師再去見沙門喬達摩吧。”於是,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅令人在自己的住處準備了上妙的嚼食(khādaniya)、噉食(bhojaniya),裝載上車,在[眾人]執持火炬下從鬱伽羅出發,朝伊車能伽羅叢林而去。他乘車走到車所能通行之處後,便下車步行,前往世尊那裡;到了之後,與世尊互相問候;交換了友好、可唸的問候話語之後,坐在一旁。
. Atha kho te brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ pokkharasātiṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ativikālo kho, bho, ajja samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Svedāni [dāni sve (sī. ka.)] bhavaṃ pokkharasāti samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti. Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti sake nivesane paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā yāne āropetvā ukkāsu dhāriyamānāsu ukkaṭṭhāya niyyāsi, yena icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍo tena pāyāsi. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi yānena gantvā, yānā paccorohitvā pattikova yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
293已對照
· replace呼格 bho gotama 依 DN2 定稿“bho+名=某某賢者”之例譯“苟答馬賢者”;第三人稱敬稱 bhavaṃ gotamo 譯“尊師苟答馬”。 → 呼格 bho gotama 與第三人稱敬稱 bhavaṃ gotamo 均已依齊一化統一作“苟答馬尊師”(名+尊師語序)。
依據:註文自相牴牾(先言“苟答馬賢者”,齊一化又作“苟答馬尊師”),清理防誤引
坐在一旁的婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅對世尊說:“喬達摩尊師,我們的內住弟子、青年阿摩晝來過這裡嗎?”“婆羅門,你的內住弟子、青年阿摩晝來過這裡。”“喬達摩尊師,你與青年阿摩晝之間可曾有過什麼交談?”“婆羅門,我與青年阿摩晝之間確曾有過一些交談。”“喬達摩尊師,你與青年阿摩晝之間是怎樣交談的?”於是,世尊把與青年阿摩晝之間的所有交談,全部告訴了婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅。如是說時,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅對世尊說:“喬達摩尊師,青年阿摩晝愚痴,願喬達摩尊師寬恕青年阿摩晝。”“婆羅門,願青年阿摩晝快樂。”
. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āgamā nu kho idha, bho gotama, amhākaṃ antevāsī ambaṭṭho māṇavo’’ti? ‘‘Āgamā kho te [tedha (syā.), te idha (pī.)], brāhmaṇa, antevāsī ambaṭṭho māṇavo’’ti. ‘‘Ahu pana te, bho gotama, ambaṭṭhena māṇavena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti? ‘‘Ahu kho me, brāhmaṇa, ambaṭṭhena māṇavena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti. ‘‘Yathākathaṃ pana te, bho gotama, ahu ambaṭṭhena māṇavena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti? Atha kho bhagavā yāvatako ahosi ambaṭṭhena māṇavena saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo, taṃ sabbaṃ brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa ārocesi. Evaṃ vutte, brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bālo, bho gotama, ambaṭṭho māṇavo, khamatu bhavaṃ gotamo ambaṭṭhassa māṇavassā’’ti. ‘‘Sukhī hotu, brāhmaṇa, ambaṭṭho māṇavo’’ti.
294PTS 1.109已對照
於是,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅在世尊身上尋察三十二大丈夫相。婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅在世尊身上見到了大部分的三十二大丈夫相,唯除兩種。對於兩種大丈夫相——陰藏相與廣長舌相——他猶豫、疑惑,不能信解,不能淨信。
. Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavato kāye dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni samannesi. Addasā kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavato kāye dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve. Dvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati – kosohite ca vatthaguyhe pahūtajivhatāya ca.
295緬 1.102已對照
· replaceiddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi 譯“施作了如此的神變作為”;anumasi paṭimasi 譯“來回觸撫”。 → iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi 譯“作出這樣的神通作為”;anumasi paṭimasi 譯“觸撫、再觸撫”(註文已與288段正文定稿同步)。
依據:註文用語與288段對齊後的正文不符,更新防後續批次按舊注改字
那時,世尊這樣想:“這位婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅在我身上見到了大部分的三十二大丈夫相,唯除兩種。對於兩種大丈夫相——陰藏相與廣長舌相——他猶豫、疑惑,不能信解,不能淨信。”於是,世尊作出這樣的神通作為,使婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅得以見到世尊的陰藏相。接著,世尊伸出舌頭,以舌觸撫、再觸撫兩邊耳孔,觸撫、再觸撫兩邊鼻孔,並以舌頭覆蓋整個額面。
. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘passati kho me ayaṃ brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve. Dvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati – kosohite ca vatthaguyhe, pahūtajivhatāya cā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi yathā addasa brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavato kosohitaṃ vatthaguyhaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā jivhaṃ ninnāmetvā ubhopi kaṇṇasotāni anumasi paṭimasi, ubhopi nāsikasotāni anumasi paṭimasi, kevalampi nalāṭamaṇḍalaṃ jivhāya chādesi.
296已對照
那時,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅這樣想:“沙門喬達摩具足圓滿而非不圓滿的三十二大丈夫相。”他對世尊說:“願喬達摩尊師與比丘僧團一起接受我今日的飲食。”世尊以沉默接受了。
. Atha kho brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa etadahosi – ‘‘samannāgato kho samaṇo gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi paripuṇṇehi no aparipuṇṇehī’’ti. Bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsetu me bhavaṃ gotamo ajjatanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
297已對照
· replace親手以上妙的嚼食、噉食款待世尊,使他滿足;青年們也[如此款待]比庫僧團。 → 以上妙的嚼食、噉食親手奉侍世尊,使之飽足滿意;青年們也[如此奉侍]比庫僧團。
依據:santappesi(使之飽足)與sampavāresi(勸令取足而滿意)為兩動詞,原譯只出其一;定為全藏供養模板
· replace“親手以上妙的嚼食、噉食款待…使之滿足” → “以上妙的嚼食、噉食親手奉侍…使之飽足滿意”(santappesi使之飽足、sampavāresi勸令取足而滿意,兩動詞補足,依審校R3修正)
依據:註文與正文同步
於是,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅知道世尊已接受,便向世尊通報時間:“喬達摩尊師,是時候了,飲食已經備好。”於是,世尊在午前時分著好下衣,取缽與衣,與比丘僧團一起前往婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅的住處;到了之後,坐在設好的座位上。於是,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅以上妙的嚼食、噉食親手奉侍世尊,使之飽足滿意;青年們也[如此奉侍]比丘僧團。當世尊食畢,手已離缽時,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅取了一個低座,坐在一旁。
. Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavantaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi, māṇavakāpi bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
298PTS 1.110已對照
· replace次第說法(anupubbiṃ kathaṃ),即:開顯施論、戒論、生天論,諸欲的過患、低劣、雜染,以及出離的功德。 → 說次第之論(anupubbiṃ kathaṃ),即施論(dānakathā)、戒論(sīlakathā)、生天論(saggakathā);開顯諸欲的過患、低劣、雜染,以及出離的功德。
依據:巴利兩動詞分工:kathesi說三論、pakāsesi開顯欲患與出離;原譯以一個“開顯”前置統攝三論,與原文結構不合;kathā為“論”非“法”;定為全藏模板
· replace次第說法與法眼二定型句依囑定為全藏複用模板。 → 次第說論與法眼二定型句依囑定為全藏複用模板:kathesi(說)領施、戒、生天三論,pakāsesi(開顯)領欲患與出離,兩動詞分工(依審校R3修正);施論等括注僅全藏首現處標出。
依據:註文與正文同步
世尊為坐在一旁的婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅說次第之論(anupubbiṃkathaṃ),即施論(dānakathā)、戒論(sīlakathā)、生天論(saggakathā);開顯諸欲的過患、低劣、雜染,以及出離的功德。當世尊知道婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅已心堪能、心柔軟、心離蓋、心踴躍、心淨信時,便開顯諸佛自所稱揚的說法:苦、集、滅、道。猶如清淨、離諸黑點的布能完好地接受染色;正是如此,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅就在那個座位上生起了遠塵離垢的法眼(dhammacakkhu):“凡任何集法,一切皆是滅法。”
. Ekamantaṃ nisinnassa kho brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, seyyathidaṃ – dānakathaṃ sīlakathaṃ saggakathaṃ; kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṃkilesaṃ, nekkhamme ānisaṃsaṃ pakāsesi. Yadā bhagavā aññāsi brāhmaṇaṃ pokkharasātiṃ kallacittaṃ muducittaṃ vinīvaraṇacittaṃ udaggacittaṃ pasannacittaṃ, atha yā buddhānaṃ sāmukkaṃsikā dhammadesanā, taṃ pakāsesi – dukkhaṃ samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ maggaṃ. Seyyathāpi nāma suddhaṃ vatthaṃ apagatakāḷakaṃ sammadeva rajanaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya; evameva brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa tasmiññeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti.
沸伽羅娑羅表明為優婆塞(upāsaka)Pokkharasātiupāsakattapaṭivedanā
299緬 1.103已對照
· replace法(dhamma)與比庫僧。 → 法(dhamma)與比庫僧團。
依據:bhikkhusaṅgha同詞,296/297已作“比庫僧團”,皈依句統一
· append【全藏統一決定】bhikkhusaṅgha一律譯“比庫僧團”,皈依句“法與比庫僧”改“法與比庫僧團”(依審校R3修正;DN2 n250皈依句同步回改,見跨經同步清單)。
依據:記錄全藏統一決定及DN2同步
· no_change依據:“婆羅門,你說得很好”(Kalyāṇaṃ vuccati)維持現譯並保留待審注
於是,婆羅門沸伽羅娑羅已見法、已得法、已知法、已深入法,已度疑、已離惑,獲得無所畏,於導師的教法中不依他緣,對世尊說:“奇哉!喬達摩尊師,奇哉!喬達摩尊師。喬達摩尊師,猶如把倒覆的扶起,把遮蔽的揭開,為迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持來油燈,使有眼者得見諸色。正是如此,喬達摩尊師以種種方式開顯了法。喬達摩尊師,我與兒子、妻子、眷屬及大臣一起,皈依(saraṇa)喬達摩尊師、法(dhamma)與比丘僧團。願喬達摩尊師憶持我為優婆塞,從今日起,終生皈依。猶如喬達摩尊師前往鬱伽羅其他的優婆塞家庭那樣,願喬達摩尊師也同樣前往沸伽羅娑羅的家庭。在那裡,那些青年男子或青年女子將禮敬喬達摩尊師,或起立迎接,或供給座位或水,或令心淨信,這將為他們帶來長久的利益與快樂。”“婆羅門,你說得很好。”
. Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti diṭṭhadhammo pattadhammo viditadhammo pariyogāḷhadhammo tiṇṇavicikiccho vigatakathaṃkatho vesārajjappatto aparappaccayo satthusāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bho gotama, saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gataṃ. Yathā ca bhavaṃ gotamo ukkaṭṭhāya aññāni upāsakakulāni upasaṅkamati, evameva bhavaṃ gotamo pokkharasātikulaṃ upasaṅkamatu. Tattha ye te māṇavakā vā māṇavikā vā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhivādessanti vā paccuṭṭhissanti [paccuṭṭhassanti (pī.)] vā āsanaṃ vā udakaṃ vā dassanti cittaṃ vā pasādessanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. ‘‘Kalyāṇaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇā’’ti.
已對照
第三《阿摩晝經》完。
Ambaṭṭhasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.
經末導讀 · 編者所加,非經文
人物名冊
世尊——遊行至憍薩羅國,住伊車能伽羅密林。沸伽羅娑羅(Pokkharasāti)婆羅門——住鬱伽羅,受憍薩羅國王波斯匿王封,通三吠陀的大婆羅門,阿摩晝之師。阿摩晝(Ambaṭṭha)青年——沸伽羅娑羅的內住弟子,恃學傲慢,奉師命往驗世尊是否具三十二大人相。釋迦族人——於迦毘羅衛集會堂中受阿摩晝斥罵者。迦那(Kaṇha)——釋迦族先祖甘蔗王婢女之子,阿摩晝所屬迦那衍那氏之祖,後成大仙人。金剛手夜叉(Vajirapāṇī yakkha)——持大鐵錘懸於阿摩晝頭上者。
地點與緣起
憍薩羅國伊車能伽羅密林。沸伽羅娑羅聞佛名聲,遣弟子阿摩晝往驗大人相。阿摩晝先訪迦毘羅衛,受釋迦族少年在集會堂嬉笑,懷恨而來,見佛後三度出言不遜,罵釋迦族為"僱工之輩"。
結構脈絡
全經以"種姓之慢"為軸層層剝落。阿摩晝三度以"僱工之語"罵釋迦族,世尊反問其氏族,揭出阿摩晝世系:其迦那衍那氏出自釋迦族先祖之婢女迦那——傲人門第者,自己的家譜先立不住。阿摩晝語塞,金剛手夜叉持錘逼答,乃兩度默然後認之。世尊隨即轉折:迦那後成大仙人,娶得剎帝利王女——種姓不礙成就。繼而以四種通婚問難證剎帝利於種姓中最勝,並引常童子梵天偈總結:"於人眾中,剎帝利最勝;明與行具足者,於天人中最勝。"阿摩晝問何為明與行,世尊示以如來出世、戒定慧全程(此處原典略寫,全文見《沙門果經》),並說四種墮落處——修明行不成者的四條退路(擔鍬入林食落果、事火、四衢建屋供養行人等),層層皆不及明行,而阿摩晝師徒連墮落處亦不及,遑論古仙人之行。阿摩晝歸告其師,沸伽羅娑羅怒斥弟子,親往謁佛,見二相釋疑,施食供養;世尊為說次第之論(施論、戒論、生天論,諸欲過患與出離功德)及四聖諦,沸伽羅娑羅遠塵離垢法眼生起,舉家皈依為優婆塞。
中心思想
本經是佛陀對種姓制度最鋒利的一次解構:不駁以理論,而先以對方最看重的"家譜"就地反證,再立"明與行"為唯一真實的貴賤標準——剎帝利勝於婆羅門尚屬世俗層面,"明行具足者於天人中最勝"才是超越一切種姓的準繩。經中"四種墮落處"的設置尤可玩味:連修行失敗的樣態都層層分明,反襯空談血統者之無地自處。結尾師徒對照:弟子傲慢而受挫,老師謙下而得法眼——聞法之器,不在出身,在其心。
關鍵術語
僱工之語(ibbhavāda):阿摩晝罵釋迦族語,謂其為僕役出身之俗人。婢女之子之說(dāsiputtavāda):世尊揭阿摩晝世系之稱。明與行(vijjācaraṇa):三明八明與戒定諸行,全經權衡貴賤的唯一標準。四種墮落處(cattāri apāyamukhāni):明行不成者的四條退路。次第之論(anupubbī kathā):施論、戒論、生天論而後四諦,佛陀化導在家人的定式,本經為長部首次全式出現。法眼(dhammacakkhu):"凡集法者皆是滅法"之現觀。