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長部第31經 · 善生經 Siṅgālasuttaṃ

242PTS 3.180緬 3.146已對照

如是我聞:一時,世尊住在王舍城竹林(Veḷuvana)迦蘭陀園(Kalandakanivāpa)。那時,居士子善生(Siṅgālaka)清晨起身,出王舍城,溼衣、溼發,合掌禮拜各方——東方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方。

242. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena siṅgālako [sigālako (sī.)] gahapatiputto kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā [puthuddisā (sī. syā. pī.)] namassati – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ.
243PTS 3.181已對照

那時,世尊在上午穿好衣,取缽與衣,進入王舍城乞食。世尊看見居士子善生清晨起身,出王舍城,溼衣、溼發,合掌禮拜各方——東方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方。看見後,[世尊]對居士子善生這樣說:“居士子,你為什麼清晨起身,出王舍城,溼衣、溼發,合掌禮拜各方——東方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方呢?”“尊者,我父親臨命終時這樣對我說:‘孩子,你應當禮拜諸方。’尊者,我恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養父親的話,因此清晨起身,出王舍城,溼衣、溼發,合掌禮拜各方——東方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方。”

243. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavatthaṃ allakesaṃ pañjalikaṃ puthudisā namassantaṃ – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ. Disvā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho tvaṃ, gahapatiputta, kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassasi – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disa’’nti? ‘‘Pitā maṃ, bhante, kālaṃ karonto evaṃ avaca – ‘disā, tāta, namasseyyāsī’ti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, pituvacanaṃ sakkaronto garuṃ karonto mānento pūjento kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassāmi – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disa’’nti.
Cha disā
244緬 3.147已對照

“居士子,在聖者之律中,諸方不是這樣禮拜的。”“可是,尊者,在聖者之律中,六方應當怎樣禮拜呢?善哉,尊者,願世尊為我說法,[使我知道]在聖者之律中六方應當怎樣禮拜。” “那麼,居士子,你要諦聽,好好作意,我要說了。”“是的,尊者。”居士子善生回答世尊。世尊這樣說: “居士子,當聖弟子的四種業垢已斷,不由四處造作惡業,不親近六種損耗財物之門時,他這樣離了十四種惡,成為遮護六方者,是為勝兩世而行道者。他此世已得成辦,他世也[得成辦]。他身壞命終之後,往生善趣天界。

244. ‘‘Na kho, gahapatiputta, ariyassa vinaye evaṃ cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana, bhante, ariyassa vinaye cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā? Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā tathā dhammaṃ desetu, yathā ariyassa vinaye cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā’’ti.
‘‘Tena hi, gahapatiputta suṇohi sādhukaṃ manasikarohi bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
‘‘Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvakassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti, catūhi ca ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti, cha ca bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati, so evaṃ cuddasa pāpakāpagato chaddisāpaṭicchādī [paṭicchādī hoti (syā.)] ubholokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti. Tassa ayañceva loko āraddho hoti paro ca loko. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati.
Cattārokammakilesā
245PTS 3.182已對照

“[他的]哪四種業垢已斷呢?居士子,殺生是業垢,不與取是業垢,欲邪行是業垢,虛妄語是業垢。這[四]種業垢[於他]已斷。”世尊說了這[番話]。善逝說了這[番話]之後,導師又接著這樣說: “殺生與不與取, 以及所說的虛妄語; 還有行於他人之妻—— 諸智者不稱讚[這些]。”

245. ‘‘Katamassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti? Pāṇātipāto kho, gahapatiputta, kammakileso, adinnādānaṃ kammakileso, kāmesumicchācāro kammakileso, musāvādo kammakileso. Imassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā hontī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna [idaṃ vatvā (sī. pī.) evamīdisesu ṭhānesu] sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṃ, musāvādo ca vuccati;
Paradāragamanañceva, nappasaṃsanti paṇḍitā’’ti.
Catuṭṭhānaṃ
246已對照

“由哪四處不造作惡業呢?趣於欲的偏行者造作惡業,趣於瞋的偏行者造作惡業,趣於痴的偏行者造作惡業,趣於怖的偏行者造作惡業。居士子,當聖弟子既不趣於欲的偏行,也不趣於瞋的偏行,不趣於痴的偏行,不趣於怖的偏行時,他就不由這四處造作惡業。”世尊說了這[番話]。善逝說了這[番話]之後,導師又接著這樣說: “凡因欲、因瞋、因怖、因痴 而違越於法者, 他的名聲便衰減, 猶如黑分的月亮。 “凡因欲、因瞋、因怖、因痴 而不違越於法者, 他的名聲便圓滿, 猶如白分的月亮。”

246. ‘‘Katamehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti? Chandāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, dosāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, mohāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti. Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako neva chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati; imehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karotī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ ativattati;
Nihīyati yaso tassa [tassa yeso (bahūsu, vinayepi)], kāḷapakkheva candimā.
‘‘Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ nātivattati;
Āpūrati yaso tassa [tassa yeso (bahūsu, vinayepi)], sukkapakkheva [juṇhapakkheva (ka.)] candimā’’ti.
Cha apāyamukhāni
247緬 3.148已對照

“不親近哪六種損耗財物之門呢?居士子,從事飲谷酒、花果酒[等]放逸之因,是損耗財物之門;從事非時遊行街巷,是損耗財物之門;常赴戲會,是損耗財物之門;從事賭博放逸之因,是損耗財物之門;從事親近惡友,是損耗財物之門;從事懈怠,是損耗財物之門。

247. ‘‘Katamāni cha bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati? Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo kho, gahapatiputta, bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, vikālavisikhācariyānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, samajjābhicaraṇaṃ bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, pāpamittānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, ālasyānuyogo [ālasānuyogo (sī. syā. pī.)] bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ.
Surāmerayassa cha ādīnavā
248PTS 3.183已對照

“居士子,從事飲谷酒、花果酒[等]放逸之因,有這六種過患:現見的財物損失,增長爭鬥,是諸病之處,生起惡名,顯露[應]羞[之處],第六項則是使慧力羸弱。居士子,這就是從事飲谷酒、花果酒[等]放逸之因的六種過患。

248. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni [dhanañjāni (sī. pī.)], kalahappavaḍḍhanī, rogānaṃ āyatanaṃ, akittisañjananī, kopīnanidaṃsanī, paññāya dubbalikaraṇītveva chaṭṭhaṃ padaṃ bhavati. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.
Vikālacariyāya cha ādīnavā
249已對照

“居士子,從事非時遊行街巷,有這六種過患:自身不被守護、不被保護,妻子兒女也不被守護、不被保護,財產也不被守護、不被保護,又於諸惡事之處受人猜疑,不實之言也加於他身,並且為眾多苦法所前導。居士子,這就是從事非時遊行街巷的六種過患。”

249. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge. Attāpissa agutto arakkhito hoti, puttadāropissa agutto arakkhito hoti, sāpateyyaṃpissa aguttaṃ arakkhitaṃ hoti, saṅkiyo ca hoti pāpakesu ṭhānesu [tesu tesu ṭhānesu (syā.)], abhūtavacanañca tasmiṃ rūhati, bahūnañca dukkhadhammānaṃ purakkhato hoti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.
Samajjābhicaraṇassa cha ādīnavā
250已對照

“居士子,常赴戲會,有這六種過患:[他心想]‘哪裡有跳舞?哪裡有唱歌?哪裡有音樂?哪裡有說書?哪裡有擊掌樂?哪裡有甕鼓樂?’居士子,這就是常赴戲會的六種過患。”

250. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe. Kva [kuvaṃ (ka. sī. pī.)] naccaṃ, kva gītaṃ, kva vāditaṃ, kva akkhānaṃ, kva pāṇissaraṃ, kva kumbhathunanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe.
Jūtappamādassa cha ādīnavā
251緬 3.149已對照

“居士子,從事賭博放逸之因,有這六種過患:勝者招怨,負者憂其所失之財,現見的財物損失,至集會中所言不被採納,為朋友與僚屬所輕蔑,不為嫁娶者所求——‘這個人是賭徒,不足以養妻室。’居士子,這就是從事賭博放逸之因的六種過患。”

251. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Jayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, jino vittamanusocati, sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, sabhāgatassa [sabhāye tassa (ka.)] vacanaṃ na rūhati, mittāmaccānaṃ paribhūto hoti, āvāhavivāhakānaṃ apatthito hoti – ‘akkhadhutto ayaṃ purisapuggalo nālaṃ dārabharaṇāyā’ti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.
Pāpamittatāya cha ādīnavā
252PTS 3.184已對照

“居士子,從事親近惡友,有這六種過患:凡是賭徒、凡是耽嗜者(soṇḍā)、凡是嗜飲者(pipāsā)、凡是行詐者、凡是欺誑者、凡是兇暴者,這些人就成了他的朋友、他的同伴。居士子,這就是從事親近惡友的六種過患。

252. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge. Ye dhuttā, ye soṇḍā, ye pipāsā, ye nekatikā, ye vañcanikā, ye sāhasikā. Tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge.
Ālasyassa cha ādīnavā
253PTS 3.185緬 3.150已對照

“居士子,從事懈怠,有這六種過患:說‘太冷’而不作事,說‘太熱’而不作事,說‘太晚’而不作事,說‘太早’而不作事,說‘我太餓’而不作事,說‘我太飽’而不作事。當他這樣多以事務為託辭而住時,未生的財物不生起,已生的財物也走向消盡。居士子,這就是從事懈怠的六種過患。”世尊說了這[番話]。善逝說了這[番話]之後,導師又接著這樣說: “有名為飲伴的朋友, 有當面口稱‘友、友’的人; 而在諸事發生時 能作伴助者,那才是朋友。 “日高而臥、親近他人之妻, 結怨與作無益, 惡友與極慳吝—— 這六處使人敗壞。 “惡友、惡伴, 行惡而行境亦惡; 此世與他世, 此人於兩[世]俱敗壞。 “賭博、女色、飲酒、歌舞, 晝寢、非時遊行, 惡友與極慳吝—— 這六處使人敗壞。 “他們以骰子賭博、飲酒, 往就他人視之如命的女子; 親近卑劣者而不親近尊長, 便如黑分之月而虧損。 “凡貧窮無所有而[耽]酒者, 口渴而入酒肆飲酒, 他便如入水中一般陷入債裡, 很快使自己的家族失所依。 “習於晝寢、厭惡夜起, 常醉的酒徒—— [這樣的人]是不能維持家室的。 “‘太冷了’‘太熱了’‘這已太晚了’—— 如此捨棄事業者, 諸利益便從年輕人身邊流過。 “凡於此不把寒與熱 看得比草更重, 作丈夫應作之事者, 他便不會失去安樂。”

253. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge. Atisītanti kammaṃ na karoti, atiuṇhanti kammaṃ na karoti, atisāyanti kammaṃ na karoti, atipātoti kammaṃ na karoti, atichātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti, atidhātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti. Tassa evaṃ kiccāpadesabahulassa viharato anuppannā ceva bhogā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca bhogā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Hoti pānasakhā nāma,
Hoti sammiyasammiyo;
Yo ca atthesu jātesu,
Sahāyo hoti so sakhā.
‘‘Ussūraseyyā paradārasevanā,
Verappasavo [verappasaṅgo (sī. syā. pī.)] ca anatthatā ca;
Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,
Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.
‘‘Pāpamitto pāpasakho,
Pāpaācāragocaro;
Asmā lokā paramhā ca,
Ubhayā dhaṃsate naro.
‘‘Akkhitthiyo vāruṇī naccagītaṃ,
Divā soppaṃ pāricariyā akāle;
Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,
Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.
‘‘Akkhehi dibbanti suraṃ pivanti,
Yantitthiyo pāṇasamā paresaṃ;
Nihīnasevī na ca vuddhasevī [vuddhisevī (syā.), buddhisevī (ka.)],
Nihīyate kāḷapakkheva cando.
‘‘Yo vāruṇī addhano akiñcano,
Pipāso pivaṃ papāgato [pipāsosi atthapāgato (syā.), pipāsopi samappapāgato (ka.)];
Udakamiva iṇaṃ vigāhati,
Akulaṃ [ākulaṃ (syā. ka.)] kāhiti khippamattano.
‘‘Na divā soppasīlena, rattimuṭṭhānadessinā [rattinuṭṭhānadassinā (sī. pī.), rattinuṭṭhānasīlinā (?)];
Niccaṃ mattena soṇḍena, sakkā āvasituṃ gharaṃ.
‘‘Atisītaṃ atiuṇhaṃ, atisāyamidaṃ ahu;
Iti vissaṭṭhakammante, atthā accenti māṇave.
‘‘Yodha sītañca uṇhañca, tiṇā bhiyyo na maññati;
Karaṃ purisakiccāni, so sukhaṃ [sukhā (sabbattha) aṭṭhakathā oloketabbā] na vihāyatī’’ti.
Mittapatirūpakā
254已對照

“居士子,應當了知有這四種非友而似友者:應當了知一味索取者是非友而似友者,應當了知只以言語[為極]者是非友而似友者,應當了知諂媚順語者是非友而似友者,應當了知損耗之伴是非友而似友者。

254. ‘‘Cattārome, gahapatiputta, amittā mittapatirūpakā veditabbā. Aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
255PTS 3.186已對照

“居士子,應當由四處了知一味索取者是非友而似友者:

255. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
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他一味索取,與少而望多;

‘‘Aññadatthuharo hoti, appena bahumicchati;
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因怖畏而作應作之事,為[自己的]利益而親近。

Bhayassa kiccaṃ karoti, sevati atthakāraṇā.
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居士子,應當由這四處了知一味索取者是非友而似友者。

‘‘Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
256已對照

“居士子,應當由四處了知只以言語[為極]者是非友而似友者:他以過去[之事]款待,以未來[之事]款待,以無義利[之語]籠絡,於現前的應作之事表示無能為力。居士子,應當由這四處了知只以言語[為極]者是非友而似友者。

256. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Atītena paṭisantharati [paṭisandharati (ka.)], anāgatena paṭisantharati, niratthakena saṅgaṇhāti, paccuppannesu kiccesu byasanaṃ dasseti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
257已對照

“居士子,應當由四處了知諂媚順語者是非友而似友者:他也贊同[你的]惡事,也贊同[你的]善事,當面稱讚[你],背後毀訾[你]。居士子,應當由這四處了知諂媚順語者是非友而似友者。

257. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Pāpakaṃpissa [pāpakammaṃpissa (syā.)] anujānāti, kalyāṇaṃpissa anujānāti, sammukhāssa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, parammukhāssa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
258緬 3.152已對照

“居士子,應當由四處了知損耗之伴是非友而似友者:他是從事飲谷酒、花果酒[等]放逸之因的同伴,是從事非時遊行街巷的同伴,是常赴戲會的同伴,是從事賭博放逸之因的同伴。居士子,應當由這四處了知損耗之伴是非友而似友者。”

258. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Surāmeraya majjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti, vikāla visikhā cariyānuyoge sahāyo hoti, samajjābhicaraṇe sahāyo hoti, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo’’ti.
259已對照

世尊說了這[番話]。善逝說了這[番話]之後,導師又接著這樣說: “一味索取的‘友’, 以及只以言語[為極]的‘友’; 說諂媚順語的, 以及損耗中的‘伴’—— “智者了知這四種非友之後, 應當遠遠迴避, 如避險惡的道路一般。”

259. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Aññadatthuharo mitto, yo ca mitto vacīparo [vacīparamo (syā.)];
Anuppiyañca yo āha, apāyesu ca yo sakhā.
Ete amitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;
Ārakā parivajjeyya, maggaṃ paṭibhayaṃ yathā’’ti.
Suhadamitto
260PTS 3.187已對照

“居士子,應當了知有這四種善心之友:應當了知助益者是善心之友,應當了知同甘苦者是善心之友,應當了知說義利者是善心之友,應當了知悲憫者是善心之友。

260. ‘‘Cattārome, gahapatiputta, mittā suhadā veditabbā. Upakāro [upakārako (syā.)] mitto suhado veditabbo, samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo, atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo, anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.
261已對照

“居士子,應當由四處了知助益者是善心之友:他守護放逸者,守護放逸者的財產,於恐懼者作依怙,於所生起的應作之事上給予加倍的資財。居士子,應當由這四處了知助益者是善心之友。

261. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo. Pamattaṃ rakkhati, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhati, bhītassa saraṇaṃ hoti, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu taddiguṇaṃ bhogaṃ anuppadeti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.
262已對照

“居士子,應當由四處了知同甘苦者是善心之友:他把自己的秘密告訴[友人],也為[友人]隱藏秘密,於諸禍患中不捨棄[友人],甚至為[友人]之故舍棄生命。居士子,應當由這四處了知同甘苦者是善心之友。

262. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo. Guyhamassa ācikkhati, guyhamassa parigūhati, āpadāsu na vijahati, jīvitaṃpissa atthāya pariccattaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.
263緬 3.153已對照

“居士子,應當由四處了知說義利者是善心之友:他遮止[友人]於惡,安立[友人]於善,使[友人]聽聞未曾聞的,為[友人]指示生天之道。居士子,應當由這四處了知說義利者是善心之友。

263. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo. Pāpā nivāreti, kalyāṇe niveseti, assutaṃ sāveti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.
264已對照

“居士子,應當由四處了知悲憫者是善心之友:他不因[友人]的不幸而歡喜,因[友人]的興盛而歡喜,遮止毀訾[友人]的人,稱讚稱譽[友人]的人。居士子,應當由這四處了知悲憫者是善心之友。”

264. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo. Abhavenassa na nandati, bhavenassa nandati, avaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ nivāreti, vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ pasaṃsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo’’ti.
265PTS 3.188已對照

世尊說了這[番話]。善逝說了這[番話]之後,導師又接著這樣說: “助益之友, 以及苦樂中相伴之友; 說義利之友, 以及悲憫之友—— “智者了知這四種友之後, 應當恭敬地親近, 如母親之於親生子; 具足戒的智者, 如燃燒的火焰般照耀。 “積聚財物者, 如蜜蜂[採蜜]而行; 財物便聚積起來, 如蟻垤之漸次增高。 “這樣積聚了財物之後, 足以任家事的在家者, 應當把財物分作四分—— 他確實能結交朋友。 “應以一分受用財物, 以兩分經營事業; 第四分則應當儲蓄, 以備諸禍患時之用。”

265. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Upakāro ca yo mitto, sukhe dukkhe [sukhadukkho (syā. ka.)] ca yo sakhā [yo ca mitto sukhe dukkhe (sī. pī.)];
Atthakkhāyī ca yo mitto, yo ca mittānukampako.
‘‘Etepi mitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;
Sakkaccaṃ payirupāseyya, mātā puttaṃ va orasaṃ;
Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, jalaṃ aggīva bhāsati.
‘‘Bhoge saṃharamānassa, bhamarasseva irīyato;
Bhogā sannicayaṃ yanti, vammikovupacīyati.
‘‘Evaṃ bhoge samāhatvā [samāharitvā (syā.)], alamatto kule gihī;
Catudhā vibhaje bhoge, sa ve mittāni ganthati.
‘‘Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya, dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye;
Catutthañca nidhāpeyya, āpadāsu bhavissatī’’ti.
Chaddisāpaṭicchādanakaṇḍaṃ
266PTS 3.189緬 3.154已對照

“居士子,聖弟子如何成為遮護六方者呢?居士子,應當了知這六方:東方應知為父母,南方應知為師長,西方應知為妻子兒女,北方應知為朋友與僚屬,下方應知為奴僕與僱工,上方應知為沙門與婆羅門。

266. ‘‘Kathañca, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako chaddisāpaṭicchādī hoti? Cha imā, gahapatiputta, disā veditabbā. Puratthimā disā mātāpitaro veditabbā, dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā veditabbā, pacchimā disā puttadārā veditabbā, uttarā disā mittāmaccā veditabbā, heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā veditabbā, uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā veditabbā.
267已對照

“居士子,兒子應以五處奉事東方——父母:‘我曾受他們撫養,我當奉養他們;我當為他們作應作之事;我當住持家系;我當承受遺產;又,對已命終的諸亡者(peta),我當奉獻供施。’居士子,被兒子以這五處奉事的東方——父母,以五處悲憫兒子:遮止[他]於惡,安立[他]於善,教[他]學習技藝,為[他]結合相稱的妻室,適時把遺產交付[他]。居士子,被兒子以這五處奉事的東方——父母,以這五處悲憫兒子。他的這東方就這樣得到遮護,安穩而無怖畏。

267. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhātabbā – bhato ne [nesaṃ (bahūsu)] bharissāmi, kiccaṃ nesaṃ karissāmi, kulavaṃsaṃ ṭhapessāmi, dāyajjaṃ paṭipajjāmi, atha vā pana petānaṃ kālaṅkatānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ anuppadassāmīti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, sippaṃ sikkhāpenti, patirūpena dārena saṃyojenti, samaye dāyajjaṃ niyyādenti [niyyātenti (ka. sī.)]. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā puratthimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
268PTS 3.190已對照

“居士子,弟子應以五處奉事南方——師長:以起立[相迎]、以侍奉、以樂聞、以服事、以恭敬地領受技藝。居士子,被弟子以這五處奉事的南方——師長,以五處悲憫弟子:善加調教,使[他]善加把握[所學],於一切技藝學問悉皆宣說,於朋友與僚屬間[為他]引薦,於諸方為[他]作保護。居士子,被弟子以這五處奉事的南方——師長,以這五處悲憫弟子。他的這南方就這樣得到遮護,安穩而無怖畏。

268. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – uṭṭhānena upaṭṭhānena sussusāya pāricariyāya sakkaccaṃ sippapaṭiggahaṇena [sippaṃ paṭiggahaṇena (syā.), sippauggahaṇena (ka.)]. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti – suvinītaṃ vinenti, suggahitaṃ gāhāpenti, sabbasippassutaṃ samakkhāyino bhavanti, mittāmaccesu paṭiyādenti [paṭivedenti (syā.)], disāsu parittāṇaṃ karonti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā dakkhiṇā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
269緬 3.155已對照

“居士子,丈夫應以五處奉事西方——妻子:以尊敬、以不輕蔑、以不逾越[之行]、以授予主權、以給予裝飾。居士子,被丈夫以這五處奉事的西方——妻子,以五處悲憫丈夫:善理家務,善攝眷屬隨從,不逾越[之行],守護所積聚的[財物],於一切事務上精敏而不懈怠。居士子,被丈夫以這五處奉事的西方——妻子,以這五處悲憫丈夫。他的這西方就這樣得到遮護,安穩而無怖畏。

269. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – sammānanāya anavamānanāya [avimānanāya (syā. pī.)] anaticariyāya issariyavossaggena alaṅkārānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati – susaṃvihitakammantā ca hoti, saṅgahitaparijanā [susaṅgahitaparijanā (sī. syā. pī.)] ca, anaticārinī ca, sambhatañca anurakkhati, dakkhā ca hoti analasā sabbakiccesu. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati. Evamassa esā pacchimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
270已對照

“居士子,良家子應以五處奉事北方——朋友與僚屬:以布施、以愛語、以利行、以同事、以不欺誑。居士子,被良家子以這五處奉事的北方——朋友與僚屬,以五處悲憫良家子:守護放逸者,守護放逸者的財產,於恐懼者作依怙,於諸禍患中不捨棄,也敬重他的後嗣。居士子,被良家子以這五處奉事的北方——朋友與僚屬,以這五處悲憫良家子。他的這北方就這樣得到遮護,安穩而無怖畏。

270. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – dānena peyyavajjena [viyavajjena (syā. ka.)] atthacariyāya samānattatāya avisaṃvādanatāya. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti – pamattaṃ rakkhanti, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhanti, bhītassa saraṇaṃ honti, āpadāsu na vijahanti, aparapajā cassa paṭipūjenti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uttarā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
271PTS 3.191已對照

“居士子,主人應以五處奉事下方——奴僕與僱工:以隨其能力分派工作、以給予飲食與工資、以病時看護、以分與稀有的美味、以適時給假。居士子,被主人以這五處奉事的下方——奴僕與僱工,以五處悲憫主人:先起,後臥,取所給予的[而不取所不予的],善作工作,傳揚[主人的]稱譽與美名。居士子,被主人以這五處奉事的下方——奴僕與僱工,以這五處悲憫主人。他的這下方就這樣得到遮護,安穩而無怖畏。

271. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi ayyirakena [ayirakena (sī. syā. pī.)] heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – yathābalaṃ kammantasaṃvidhānena bhattavetanānuppadānena gilānupaṭṭhānena acchariyānaṃ rasānaṃ saṃvibhāgena samaye vossaggena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti – pubbuṭṭhāyino ca honti, pacchā nipātino ca, dinnādāyino ca, sukatakammakarā ca, kittivaṇṇaharā ca. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā heṭṭhimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
272緬 3.156已對照

“居士子,良家子應以五處奉事上方——沙門與婆羅門:以慈的身業、以慈的語業、以慈的意業、以不閉門戶、以給予財物。居士子,被良家子以這五處奉事的上方——沙門與婆羅門,以六處悲憫良家子:遮止[他]於惡,安立[他]於善,以善心悲憫[他],使[他]聽聞未曾聞的,令[他]已聞的得以清淨,為[他]指示生天之道。居士子,被良家子以這五處奉事的上方——沙門與婆羅門,以這六處悲憫良家子。他的這上方就這樣得到遮護,安穩而無怖畏。”

272. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – mettena kāyakammena mettena vacīkammena mettena manokammena anāvaṭadvāratāya āmisānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti – pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti, assutaṃ sāventi, sutaṃ pariyodāpenti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhanti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uparimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā’’ti.
273已對照

世尊說了這[番話]。善逝說了這[番話]之後,導師又接著這樣說:

273. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
已對照

“父母為東方,師長為南方;

‘‘Mātāpitā disā pubbā, ācariyā dakkhiṇā disā;
PTS 3.192已對照

妻子兒女為西方,朋友與僚屬為北方。

Puttadārā disā pacchā, mittāmaccā ca uttarā.
已對照

“奴僕與僱工為下方,沙門與婆羅門為上方;

‘‘Dāsakammakarā heṭṭhā, uddhaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇā;
已對照

足以任家事的在家者,應當禮敬這些方。

Etā disā namasseyya, alamatto kule gihī.
已對照

“智者具足戒,柔和而有辯才;

‘‘Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, saṇho ca paṭibhānavā;
已對照

舉止謙下而不剛愎,這樣的人得名聲。

Nivātavutti atthaddho, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
已對照

“奮起而不懈怠,於諸禍患中不動搖;

‘‘Uṭṭhānako analaso, āpadāsu na vedhati;
已對照

行事不斷絕而有慧,這樣的人得名聲。

Acchinnavutti medhāvī, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
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“攝受者、結友者,寬仁而離慳吝;

‘‘Saṅgāhako mittakaro, vadaññū vītamaccharo;
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是引導者、教導者、勸導者,這樣的人得名聲。

Netā vinetā anunetā, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.
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“布施與愛語,以及此中的利行,

‘‘Dānañca peyyavajjañca, atthacariyā ca yā idha;
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與於諸法上的同事,於種種處隨其所應——

Samānattatā ca dhammesu, tattha tattha yathārahaṃ;
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這些就是世間的攝事,如行進之車的軸鍵。

Ete kho saṅgahā loke, rathassāṇīva yāyato.
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“若無這些攝事,母親便不會因子之故

‘‘Ete ca saṅgahā nāssu, na mātā puttakāraṇā;
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而得到尊敬或供養,父親也不會因子之故[而得]。

Labhetha mānaṃ pūjaṃ vā, pitā vā puttakāraṇā.
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“正因諸智者正觀這些攝事,

‘‘Yasmā ca saṅgahā [saṅgahe (ka.) aṭṭhakathāyaṃ icchitapāṭho] ete, sammapekkhanti [samavekkhanti (sī. pī. ka.)] paṇḍitā;
PTS 3.193已對照

所以他們得大[名],且為人所稱讚。”

Tasmā mahattaṃ papponti, pāsaṃsā ca bhavanti te’’ti.
274緬 3.157已對照

如是說時,居士子善生對世尊這樣說:“奇哉!尊者,奇哉!尊者。尊者,猶如把倒覆的扶起,把遮蔽的揭開,為迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持來油燈,使有眼者得見諸色。正是如此,世尊以種種方式開顯了法。尊者,我皈依(saraṇa)世尊、法(dhamma)與比丘僧團(bhikkhusaṅgha)。願世尊憶持我為優婆塞(upāsaka),從今日起,終生皈依。” 《善生經》第八,終。

274. Evaṃ vutte, siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti. Evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṃghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu, ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
Siṅgālasuttaṃ [siṅgālovādasuttantaṃ (pī.)] niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.