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長部第11經 · 堅固經 Kevaṭṭasuttaṃ

481PTS 1.211緬 1.205已對照

給瓦達居士子之事 如是我聞——一時,世尊住在那爛陀(Nāḷandā)的波婆離迦芒果林(Pāvārikambavana)。那時,給瓦達居士子(Kevaṭṭa gahapatiputta)來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,然後坐在一旁。坐在一旁的給瓦達居士子對世尊說:“尊者,這那爛陀既富庶又繁榮,人口眾多、人煙稠密,對世尊極為淨信。善哉,尊者,願世尊指派一位比丘,讓他顯現屬於上人法(uttarimanussadhamma)的神變示導(iddhipāṭihāriya);如此,這那爛陀便會以更高的程度對世尊極為淨信。”這樣說時,世尊對給瓦達居士子說:“給瓦達,我不這樣為比丘們說法——‘來吧,諸比丘,你們為穿白衣的在家人顯現屬於上人法的神變示導。’”

481. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharati pāvārikambavane. Atha kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā, iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati; evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā kevaṭṭaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ dhammaṃ desemi – etha tumhe, bhikkhave, gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karothā’’ti.
482PTS 1.212已對照

給瓦達居士子第二次對世尊說:“尊者,我並非要毀損世尊;然而我這樣說:‘尊者,這那爛陀既富庶又繁榮,人口眾多、人煙稠密,對世尊極為淨信。善哉,尊者,願世尊指派一位比丘,讓他顯現屬於上人法的神變示導;如此,這那爛陀便會以更高的程度對世尊極為淨信。’”世尊第二次對給瓦達居士子說:“給瓦達,我不這樣為比丘們說法——‘來吧,諸比丘,你們為穿白衣的在家人顯現屬於上人法的神變示導。’” 給瓦達居士子第三次對世尊說:“尊者,我並非要毀損世尊;然而我這樣說:‘尊者,這那爛陀既富庶又繁榮,人口眾多、人煙稠密,對世尊極為淨信。善哉,尊者,願世尊指派一位比丘,讓他顯現屬於上人法的神變示導;如此,這那爛陀便會以更高的程度對世尊極為淨信。’”

482. Dutiyampi kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dhaṃsemi; api ca, evaṃ vadāmi – ‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati; evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī’’’ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā kevaṭṭaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ dhammaṃ desemi – etha tumhe, bhikkhave, gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karothā’’’ti.
Tatiyampi kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dhaṃsemi; api ca, evaṃ vadāmi – ‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati. Evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī’ti.
Iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ
483緬 1.206已對照

神變示導 “給瓦達,有這三種示導(pāṭihāriya),是我自己以證智證知後宣說的。是哪三種呢?神變示導、記說示導(ādesanāpāṭihāriya)、教誡示導(anusāsanīpāṭihāriya)。

483. ‘‘Tīṇi kho imāni, kevaṭṭa, pāṭihāriyāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.
484PTS 1.213緬 1.207已對照

“給瓦達,什麼是神變示導呢?給瓦達,於此,比丘體驗多種神變(iddhividha):一身能變成多身,多身能合成一身;或顯現,或隱沒;穿越牆壁、垣牆、山嶽,無所障礙,猶如在虛空中;出沒於大地之中,猶如在水中;在水上行走而不沉沒,猶如在地上;在虛空中結跏趺坐而行,猶如有翼之鳥;甚至以手觸摸、撫摸有如此大神力、大威德的日月;以身自在通行,直到梵天界(brahmaloka)。 “某位有信、有淨信的人見到那位比丘體驗多種神變——一身能變成多身,多身能合成一身;或顯現,或隱沒;穿越牆壁、垣牆、山嶽,無所障礙,猶如在虛空中;出沒於大地之中,猶如在水中;在水上行走而不沉沒,猶如在地上;在虛空中結跏趺坐而行,猶如有翼之鳥;甚至以手觸摸、撫摸有如此大神力、大威德的日月;以身自在通行,直到梵天界。 “那位有信、有淨信的人把這告訴某位無信、無淨信的人:‘真是稀有啊,朋友!真是未曾有啊,朋友!沙門有大神力、大威德。我見到那位比丘體驗多種神變——一身變成多身,多身合成一身……乃至……以身自在通行,直到梵天界。’ “那位無信、無淨信的人會對那位有信、有淨信的人這樣說:‘朋友,有一種名為犍陀羅(gandhārī)的明咒。那位比丘正是以它體驗多種神變——一身變成多身,多身合成一身……乃至……以身自在通行,直到梵天界。’ “給瓦達,你認為如何:那位無信、無淨信的人會不會對那位有信、有淨信的人這樣說呢?”“尊者,他會這樣說。”“給瓦達,我正是見到神變示導中的這一過患,才厭患、羞恥、嫌惡神變示導。”

484. ‘‘Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti. Ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti; āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃ mahiddhike evaṃ mahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjati; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
‘‘Tamenaṃ aññataro saddho pasanno passati taṃ bhikkhuṃ anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhontaṃ – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontaṃ; āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamānaṃ gacchantaṃ seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karontaṃ seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchantaṃ seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamantaṃ seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃ mahiddhike evaṃ mahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasantaṃ parimajjantaṃ yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattentaṃ.
‘‘Tamenaṃ so saddho pasanno aññatarassa assaddhassa appasannassa āroceti – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā. Amāhaṃ bhikkhuṃ addasaṃ anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhontaṃ – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontaṃ…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattenta’nti.
‘‘Tamenaṃ so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘atthi kho, bho, gandhārī nāma vijjā. Tāya so bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattetī’ti.
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kevaṭṭa, api nu so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Vadeyya, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, iddhipāṭihāriye ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno iddhipāṭihāriyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi’’.
Ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ
485PTS 1.214已對照

記說示導 “給瓦達,什麼是記說示導呢?給瓦達,於此,比丘說出其他眾生、其他人的心,也說出[其]心所(cetasika),也說出[其]所尋,也說出[其]所伺:‘你的意是這樣的,你的意是那樣的,你的心也是如此的。’ “某位有信、有淨信的人見到那位比丘說出其他眾生、其他人的心,也說出[其]心所,也說出[其]所尋,也說出[其]所伺:‘你的意是這樣的,你的意是那樣的,你的心也是如此的。’那位有信、有淨信的人把這告訴某位無信、無淨信的人:‘真是稀有啊,朋友!真是未曾有啊,朋友!沙門有大神力、大威德。我見到那位比丘說出其他眾生、其他人的心,說出[其]心所,說出[其]所尋,說出[其]所伺:“你的意是這樣的,你的意是那樣的,你的心也是如此的。”’ “那位無信、無淨信的人會對那位有信、有淨信的人這樣說:‘朋友,有一種名為摩尼咒(maṇikā)的明咒;那位比丘正是以它說出其他眾生、其他人的心,說出[其]心所,說出[其]所尋,說出[其]所伺:“你的意是這樣的,你的意是那樣的,你的心也是如此的。”’ “給瓦達,你認為如何:那位無信、無淨信的人會不會對那位有信、有淨信的人這樣說呢?”“尊者,他會這樣說。”“給瓦達,我正是見到記說示導中的這一過患,才厭患、羞恥、嫌惡記說示導。”

485. ‘‘Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisati, cetasikampi ādisati, vitakkitampi ādisati, vicāritampi ādisati – ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’nti.
‘‘Tamenaṃ aññataro saddho pasanno passati taṃ bhikkhuṃ parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisantaṃ, cetasikampi ādisantaṃ, vitakkitampi ādisantaṃ, vicāritampi ādisantaṃ – ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’nti. Tamenaṃ so saddho pasanno aññatarassa assaddhassa appasannassa āroceti – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā. Amāhaṃ bhikkhuṃ addasaṃ parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisantaṃ, cetasikampi ādisantaṃ, vitakkitampi ādisantaṃ, vicāritampi ādisantaṃ – ‘‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’’’nti.
‘‘Tamenaṃ so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘atthi kho, bho, maṇikā nāma vijjā; tāya so bhikkhu parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisati, cetasikampi ādisati, vitakkitampi ādisati, vicāritampi ādisati – ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’’’nti.
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kevaṭṭa, api nu so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Vadeyya, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, ādesanāpāṭihāriye ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno ādesanāpāṭihāriyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi’’.
Anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ
486PTS 1.215緬 1.208已對照

教誡示導 “給瓦達,什麼是教誡示導呢?給瓦達,於此,比丘這樣教誡——‘應這樣尋思,不要那樣尋思;應這樣作意,不要那樣作意;應舍斷這個,應成就並住於這個。’給瓦達,這稱為教誡示導。 “再者,給瓦達,於此,如來(Tathāgata)出現於世間,是阿羅漢、正等正覺者……乃至……[如《沙門果經》第190–212段所述廣說]。給瓦達,比丘就是這樣具足戒的……乃至……成就並住於初禪。給瓦達,這也稱為教誡示導……乃至……第二禪……乃至……第三禪……乃至……成就並住於第四禪。給瓦達,這也稱為教誡示導……乃至……他引導心、使心轉向於智見(ñāṇadassana)……乃至……給瓦達,這也稱為教誡示導……乃至……他了知:‘……再無後有。’……乃至……給瓦達,這也稱為教誡示導。 “給瓦達,這就是我自己以證智證知後宣說的三種示導。”

486. ‘‘Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu evamanusāsati – ‘evaṃ vitakketha, mā evaṃ vitakkayittha, evaṃ manasikarotha, mā evaṃ manasākattha, idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, kevaṭṭa, idha tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho …pe… (yathā 190-212 anucchedesu evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ). Evaṃ kho, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ…pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti…pe… idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti…pe… idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.
‘‘Imāni kho, kevaṭṭa, tīṇi pāṭihāriyāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni’’.
Bhūtanirodhesakabhikkhuvatthu
487已對照

尋求諸大種滅盡處的比丘之事 “給瓦達,從前,就在這比丘僧團中,有位比丘心中生起了這樣的思慮——‘這四大種,即地界(pathavīdhātu)、水界(āpodhātu)、火界(tejodhātu)、風界(vāyodhātu),究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?’

487. ‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, kevaṭṭa, imasmiññeva bhikkhusaṅghe aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘kattha nu kho ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
488已對照

“於是,給瓦達,那位比丘入於如是之定,當心得定時,通往天界之道顯現了。於是,給瓦達,那位比丘前往四大王天(Cātumahārājika)諸天之處;到了之後,對四大王天諸天說——‘賢友們,這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?’

488. ‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu tathārūpaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajji, yathāsamāhite citte devayāniyo maggo pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena cātumahārājikā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cātumahārājike deve etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
PTS 1.216緬 1.209已對照

“這樣說時,給瓦達,四大王天諸天對那位比丘說——‘比丘,我們也不知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。比丘,有四大天王,比我們更超越、更殊勝。他們應當知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。’

‘‘Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, cātumahārājikā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti [vāyodhātu. atthi kho (pī. evamuparipi)]. Atthi kho [vāyodhātu. atthi kho (pī. evamuparipi)], bhikkhu, cattāro mahārājāno amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
489已對照

“於是,給瓦達,那位比丘前往四大天王之處;到了之後,對四大天王說——‘賢友們,這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?’這樣說時,給瓦達,四大天王對那位比丘說——‘比丘,我們也不知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。比丘,有名為三十三天(Tāvatiṃsa)的諸天,比我們更超越、更殊勝。他們應當知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。’

489. ‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena cattāro mahārājāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattāro mahārāje etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, cattāro mahārājāno taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, tāvatiṃsā nāma devā amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
490已對照

“於是,給瓦達,那位比丘前往三十三天諸天之處;到了之後,對三十三天諸天說——‘賢友們,這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?’這樣說時,給瓦達,三十三天諸天對那位比丘說——‘比丘,我們也不知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。比丘,有名為帝釋(Sakka)的諸天之主,比我們更超越、更殊勝。他應當知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。’

490. ‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena tāvatiṃsā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāvatiṃse deve etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, tāvatiṃsā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, sakko nāma devānamindo amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
491PTS 1.219緬 1.210已對照

“於是,給瓦達,那位比丘前往帝釋之處;到了之後,對帝釋說——‘賢友們,這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?’這樣說時,給瓦達,帝釋對那位比丘說——‘比丘,我也不知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。比丘,有名為閻摩天(Yāma)的諸天……乃至……名為蘇耶摩(Suyāma)的天子……名為兜率天(Tusita)的諸天……名為珊都西多(Santussita)的天子……名為化樂天(Nimmānarati)的諸天……名為蘇尼米多(Sunimmita)的天子……名為他化自在天(Paranimmitavasavattī)的諸天……名為婆舍跋提(Vasavattī)的天子,比我們更超越、更殊勝。他應當知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。’

491. ‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena sakko devānamindo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, sakko devānamindo taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, yāmā nāma devā…pe… suyāmo nāma devaputto… tusitā nāma devā… santussito nāma devaputto… nimmānaratī nāma devā … sunimmito nāma devaputto… paranimmitavasavattī nāma devā… vasavattī nāma devaputto amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
492PTS 1.220已對照

“於是,給瓦達,那位比丘前往婆舍跋提天子之處;到了之後,對婆舍跋提天子說——‘賢友們,這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?’這樣說時,給瓦達,婆舍跋提天子對那位比丘說——‘比丘,我也不知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。比丘,有名為梵身天(brahmakāyika)的諸天,比我們更超越、更殊勝。他們應當知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。’

492. ‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena vasavattī devaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vasavattiṃ devaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, vasavattī devaputto taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, brahmakāyikā nāma devā amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
493緬 1.211已對照

“於是,給瓦達,那位比丘入於如是之定,當心得定時,通往梵天界之道顯現了。於是,給瓦達,那位比丘前往梵身天諸天之處;到了之後,對梵身天諸天說——‘賢友們,這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?’這樣說時,給瓦達,梵身天諸天對那位比丘說——‘比丘,我們也不知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。比丘,有梵天(brahmā)、大梵天(mahābrahmā)、征服者、不被征服者、全見者、自在者、主宰、造作者、創造者、最勝者、分配者、掌權者、已生者與將生者之父,比我們更超越、更殊勝。他應當知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。’

493. ‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu tathārūpaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajji, yathāsamāhite citte brahmayāniyo maggo pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena brahmakāyikā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā brahmakāyike deve etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, brahmakāyikā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānaṃ amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’’ti.
PTS 1.221已對照

“‘可是,賢友們,那位大梵天如今在何處呢?’‘比丘,我們也不知道梵天在何處、梵天往何方、梵天於何所;然而,比丘,當徵相現見、光明生起、光輝顯現時,梵天就將顯現——因為這光明生起、光輝顯現,正是梵天顯現的前相。’於是,給瓦達,那位大梵天不久便顯現了。

‘‘‘Kahaṃ panāvuso, etarahi so mahābrahmā’ti? ‘Mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yattha vā brahmā yena vā brahmā yahiṃ vā brahmā; api ca, bhikkhu, yathā nimittā dissanti, āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavati, brahmā pātubhavissati, brahmuno hetaṃ pubbanimittaṃ pātubhāvāya, yadidaṃ āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavatī’ti. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā nacirasseva pāturahosi.
494緬 1.212已對照

“於是,給瓦達,那位比丘前往那位大梵天之處;到了之後,對那位大梵天說——‘賢友,這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?’這樣說時,給瓦達,那位大梵天對那位比丘說——‘比丘,我就是梵天、大梵天、征服者、不被征服者、全見者、自在者、主宰、造作者、創造者、最勝者、分配者、掌權者、已生者與將生者之父。’ “給瓦達,那位比丘第二次對那位大梵天說——‘賢友,我並不是這樣問你——“你是梵天、大梵天、征服者、不被征服者、全見者、自在者、主宰、造作者、創造者、最勝者、分配者、掌權者、已生者與將生者之父。”賢友,我是這樣問你的——“賢友,這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?”’ “給瓦達,那位大梵天第二次對那位比丘說——‘比丘,我就是梵天、大梵天、征服者、不被征服者、全見者、自在者、主宰、造作者、創造者、最勝者、分配者、掌權者、已生者與將生者之父。’ “給瓦達,那位比丘第三次對那位大梵天說——‘賢友,我並不是這樣問你——“你是梵天、大梵天、征服者、不被征服者、全見者、自在者、主宰、造作者、創造者、最勝者、分配者、掌權者、已生者與將生者之父。”賢友,我是這樣問你的——“賢友,這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?”’

494. ‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena so mahābrahmā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, so mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ahamasmi, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyāna’nti.
‘‘Dutiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘na khohaṃ taṃ, āvuso, evaṃ pucchāmi – ‘‘tvamasi brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyāna’’nti. Evañca kho ahaṃ taṃ, āvuso, pucchāmi – ‘‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’’’ti?
‘‘Dutiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ahamasmi, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyāna’nti. Tatiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘na khohaṃ taṃ, āvuso, evaṃ pucchāmi – ‘‘tvamasi brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyāna’’nti. Evañca kho ahaṃ taṃ, āvuso, pucchāmi – ‘‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’’’ti?
495PTS 1.222已對照

“於是,給瓦達,那位大梵天握住那位比丘的手臂,帶到一旁,對那位比丘說——‘比丘,這些梵身天諸天這樣了知我:“沒有什麼是梵天所不知的,沒有什麼是梵天所不見的,沒有什麼是梵天所未了知的,沒有什麼是梵天所未作證的。”因此我沒有在他們面前解答。比丘,其實我也不知道這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,在何處無餘滅盡。因此,比丘,這正是你的惡作,這正是你的錯謬——你越過那位世尊,為解答此問題而向外尋求。比丘,你去吧,就前往那位世尊之處問這個問題;世尊怎樣為你解答,你就怎樣受持。’

495. ‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ apanetvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ime kho maṃ, bhikkhu, brahmakāyikā devā evaṃ jānanti, ‘‘natthi kiñci brahmuno aññātaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno adiṭṭhaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno aviditaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno asacchikata’’nti. Tasmāhaṃ tesaṃ sammukhā na byākāsiṃ. Ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Tasmātiha, bhikkhu, tuyhevetaṃ dukkaṭaṃ, tuyhevetaṃ aparaddhaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ atidhāvitvā bahiddhā pariyeṭṭhiṃ āpajjasi imassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya. Gaccha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, tameva bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā imaṃ pañhaṃ puccha, yathā ca te bhagavā byākaroti, tathā naṃ dhāreyyāsī’ti.
496已對照

“於是,給瓦達,那位比丘——猶如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那樣——從梵天界隱沒,顯現在我的面前。於是,給瓦達,那位比丘禮敬我後,坐在一旁;給瓦達,坐在一旁的那位比丘對我說——‘尊者,這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?’

496. ‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva brahmaloke antarahito mama purato pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho, kevaṭṭa, so bhikkhu maṃ etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, bhante, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
Tīradassisakuṇupamā
497PTS 1.223緬 1.213已對照

見岸鳥之喻 “這樣說時,給瓦達,我對那位比丘說——‘比丘,從前,航海的商人們帶著見岸鳥(tīradassī sakuṇa)乘船入海。他們在船上看不見岸時,便放出見岸鳥。它就飛往東方,飛往南方,飛往西方,飛往北方,飛往上方,飛往四維。若它在四周見到岸,就那樣一去[不返];若它在四周不見岸,就飛回那艘船。比丘,同樣地,你直到梵天界遍尋,仍未獲得此問題的解答,於是又回到我這裡。比丘,這個問題不應這樣問——“尊者,這四大種,即地界、水界、火界、風界,究竟在何處無餘滅盡呢?”

497. ‘‘Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhu, sāmuddikā vāṇijā tīradassiṃ sakuṇaṃ gahetvā nāvāya samuddaṃ ajjhogāhanti. Te atīradakkhiniyā nāvāya tīradassiṃ sakuṇaṃ muñcanti. So gacchateva puratthimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ, gacchati pacchimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uttaraṃ disaṃ, gacchati uddhaṃ disaṃ, gacchati anudisaṃ. Sace so samantā tīraṃ passati, tathāgatakova [tathāpakkantova (syā.)] hoti. Sace pana so samantā tīraṃ na passati, tameva nāvaṃ paccāgacchati. Evameva kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, yato yāva brahmalokā pariyesamāno imassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇaṃ nājjhagā, atha mamaññeva santike paccāgato. Na kho eso, bhikkhu, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo – ‘kattha nu kho, bhante, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
498已對照

‘比丘,這個問題應當這樣問——

498. ‘‘Evañca kho eso, bhikkhu, pañho pucchitabbo –
已對照

何處水與地、火與風不立足?

‘Kattha āpo ca pathavī, tejo vāyo na gādhati;
已對照

何處長與短、細與粗、美與醜,

Kattha dīghañca rassañca, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ;
已對照

何處名與色,無餘息滅?

Kattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhatī’ti.
499已對照

‘對此的解答是—— 識無可顯示、無邊、遍處為渡口 此處水與地、火與風不立足 此處長與短、細與粗、美與醜 此處名與色,無餘息滅 由識之滅,此[一切]於此處息滅。’”

499. ‘‘Tatra veyyākaraṇaṃ bhavati –
‘Viññāṇaṃ anidassanaṃ, anantaṃ sabbatopabhaṃ;
Ettha āpo ca pathavī, tejo vāyo na gādhati.
Ettha dīghañca rassañca, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ;
Ettha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati;
Viññāṇassa nirodhena, etthetaṃ uparujjhatī’ti.
500已對照

世尊如此說。給瓦達居士子滿意、歡喜世尊之所說。 第十一《給瓦達經》完。

500. Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
Kevaṭṭasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ ekādasamaṃ.