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增支部 · 八集·瞿曇彌品 Gotamīvaggo

本經目錄二、第二五十[經](六)一、瞿曇彌品一、瞿曇彌經二、教誡經三、略說經四、長膝經五、鬱闍迦經六、怖畏經七、第一應供養者經八、第二應供養者經九、第一人經十、第二人經瞿曇彌品第一。

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二、第二五十[經]

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(六)一、瞿曇彌品

(6) 1. Gotamīvaggo
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一、瞿曇彌經

1. Gotamīsuttaṃ
51PTS 4.274緬 3.101已對照

五十一、一時,世尊住在釋迦[國]迦毘羅衛的尼拘陀園。那時,摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌(Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī)來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌對世尊這樣說——“尊者,若女人能得以在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者,那就好了。”“夠了,瞿曇彌!你不要喜歡女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者。”

51. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Atha kho mahāpajāpatī [mahāpajāpati (syā.) cūḷava. 402] gotamī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gotami! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.
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第二次,摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌對世尊這樣說——“尊者,若女人能得以在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者,那就好了。”“夠了,瞿曇彌!你不要喜歡女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者。”第三次,摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌對世尊這樣說——“尊者,若女人能得以在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者,那就好了。”“夠了,瞿曇彌!你不要喜歡女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者。”

Dutiyampi kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gotami! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti. ‘‘Tatiyampi kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gotami! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.
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那時,摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌[想]:“世尊不允許女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者”,便苦惱、憂悶,淚流滿面、哭泣著,禮敬世尊,右繞之後離去。

Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī ‘‘na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
PTS 4.275緬 3.102已對照

那時,世尊在迦毘羅衛隨意住了[一段時間]之後,向毘舍離遊行而去。依次遊行,來到毘舍離。世尊就住在毘舍離大林重閣講堂。那時,摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌令人剪除頭髮,披上袈裟衣,與眾多釋迦女一同向毘舍離出發,依次來到毘舍離大林重閣講堂。那時,摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌雙足腫脹、身體沾滿塵土,苦惱、憂悶,淚流滿面、哭泣著,站在門屋外。

Atha kho bhagavā kapilavatthusmiṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena vesālī tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena vesālī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī kese chedāpetvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā sambahulāhi sākiyānīhi saddhiṃ yena vesālī tena pakkāmi. Anupubbena yena vesālī mahāvanaṃ kūṭāgārasālā tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bahidvārakoṭṭhake aṭṭhāsi.
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具壽阿難看見摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌雙足腫脹、身體沾滿塵土,苦惱、憂悶,淚流滿面、哭泣著,站在門屋外。看見之後,對摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌這樣說——“瞿曇彌,你為什麼雙足腫脹、身體沾滿塵土,苦惱、憂悶,淚流滿面、哭泣著,站在門屋外呢?”“阿難尊者,因為世尊不允許女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者。”“瞿曇彌,那麼你就暫且在這裡稍待片刻,待我請求世尊[允許]女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者。”

Addasā kho āyasmā ānando mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhiṃ dummanaṃ assumukhiṃ rudamānaṃ bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhitaṃ. Disvāna mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu tvaṃ, gotami, sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhitā’’ti? ‘‘Tathā hi pana, bhante ānanda, na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, gotami, muhuttaṃ idheva tāva hohi, yāvāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ yācāmi mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti.
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那時,具壽阿難來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具壽阿難對世尊這樣說——“尊者,這位摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌雙足腫脹、身體沾滿塵土,苦惱、憂悶,淚流滿面、哭泣著,站在門屋外,[想]:‘世尊不允許女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者。’尊者,若女人能得以在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者,那就好了。”“夠了,阿難!你不要喜歡女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者。”

Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘esā, bhante, mahāpajāpatī gotamī sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhitā – ‘na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’nti. Sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, ānanda! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.
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第二次……乃至……第三次,具壽阿難對世尊這樣說——“尊者,若女人能得以在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者,那就好了。”“夠了,阿難!你不要喜歡女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者。”

Dutiyampi kho…pe… tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, ānanda! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.
PTS 4.276緬 3.103已對照

那時,具壽阿難這樣想:“世尊不允許女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者。我何不以別的理趣請求世尊[允許]女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者呢?”那時,具壽阿難對世尊這樣說——“尊者,女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者之後,能作證須陀洹果、斯陀含果、阿那含果或阿羅漢果嗎?”“阿難,女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者之後,能作證須陀洹果,也能作證斯陀含果,也能作證阿那含果,也能作證阿羅漢果。”“尊者,若女人在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者之後,能作證須陀洹果……乃至……阿羅漢果,尊者,摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌於世尊是多所作的:[她是]世尊的姨母、養育者、撫養者、給乳者;世尊的生母命終時,她以乳哺育了[世尊]。尊者,若女人能得以在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者,那就好了。”

Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi – ‘‘na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ aññenapi pariyāyena bhagavantaṃ yāceyyaṃ mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhabbo nu kho, bhante, mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā sotāpattiphalaṃ vā sakadāgāmiphalaṃ vā anāgāmiphalaṃ vā arahattaphalaṃ vā sacchikātu’’nti? ‘‘Bhabbo, ānanda, mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā sotāpattiphalampi sakadāgāmiphalampi anāgāmiphalampi arahattaphalampi sacchikātu’’nti. ‘‘Sace, bhante, bhabbo mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā sotāpattiphalampi…pe… arahattaphalampi sacchikātuṃ, bahukārā, bhante, mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavato mātucchā āpādikā posikā khīrassa dāyikā; bhagavantaṃ janettiyā kālaṅkatāya thaññaṃ pāyesi. Sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti.
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“阿難,若摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌接受八重法,那就作為她的具足戒吧——

‘‘Sace, ānanda, mahāpajāpatī gotamī aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇhāti, sāvassā hotu upasampadā –
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“受具足戒已滿百年的比丘尼,應對當天受具足戒的比丘作禮拜、起立、合掌、恭敬之業。這一法也是應恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養之後,終身不可違越的。

[pāci. 149; cūḷava. 403] ‘‘Vassasatūpasampannāya bhikkhuniyā tadahūpasampannassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ kattabbaṃ. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā [garukatvā (sī. syā. pī.)] mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“比丘尼不應在無比丘的住處入雨安居。這一法也是應恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養之後,終身不可違越的。

‘‘Na bhikkhuniyā abhikkhuke āvāse vassaṃ upagantabbaṃ. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
PTS 4.277已對照

“比丘尼每半月應從比丘僧團期求兩種法——問布薩與為受教誡而往詣。這一法也是應恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養之後,終身不可違越的。

‘‘Anvaḍḍhamāsaṃ bhikkhuniyā bhikkhusaṅghato dve dhammā paccāsīsitabbā [paccāsiṃsitabbā (sī. syā. pī.)] – uposathapucchakañca, ovādūpasaṅkamanañca. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“已度過雨安居的比丘尼,應在兩部僧團中以三處自恣——以所見、或以所聞、或以嫌疑。這一法也是應恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養之後,終身不可違越的。

‘‘Vassaṃvuṭṭhāya bhikkhuniyā ubhatosaṅghe tīhi ṭhānehi pavāretabbaṃ – diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
緬 3.104已對照

“犯了重法的比丘尼,應在兩部僧團中行半月摩那埵。這一法也是應恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養之後,終身不可違越的。

‘‘Garudhammaṃ ajjhāpannāya bhikkhuniyā ubhatosaṅghe pakkhamānattaṃ caritabbaṃ. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“對已於六法中兩年學過學處的式叉摩那,應在兩部僧團中尋求具足戒。這一法也是應恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養之後,終身不可違越的。

‘‘Dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya sikkhamānāya ubhatosaṅghe upasampadā pariyesitabbā. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“比丘尼無論以任何理趣,都不應辱罵、謾罵比丘。這一法也是應恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養之後,終身不可違越的。

‘‘Na kenaci pariyāyena bhikkhuniyā bhikkhu akkositabbo paribhāsitabbo. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“從今日起,比丘尼對比丘的言路已被遮止,比丘對比丘尼的言路未被遮止。這一法也是應恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養之後,終身不可違越的。

‘‘Ajjatagge ovaṭo bhikkhunīnaṃ bhikkhūsu vacanapatho, anovaṭo bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīsu vacanapatho. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“阿難,若摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌接受這八重法,那就作為她的具足戒吧。”

‘‘Sace, ānanda, mahāpajāpatī gotamī ime aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇhāti, sāvassā hotu upasampadā’’ti.
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那時,具壽阿難在世尊面前學取了這八重法之後,來到摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌之處;到了之後,對摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌這樣說——

Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato santike ime aṭṭha garudhamme uggahetvā yena mahāpajāpatī gotamī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca –
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“瞿曇彌,若你接受八重法,那就將是你的具足戒——

‘‘Sace kho tvaṃ, gotami, aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇheyyāsi, sāva te bhavissati upasampadā –
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“受具足戒已滿百年的比丘尼,應對當天受具足戒的比丘作禮拜、起立、合掌、恭敬之業。這一法也是應恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養之後,終身不可違越的……乃至……

‘‘Vassasatūpasampannāya bhikkhuniyā tadahūpasampannassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ kattabbaṃ. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo…pe….
PTS 4.278已對照

“從今日起,比丘尼對比丘的言路已被遮止,比丘對比丘尼的言路未被遮止。這一法也是應恭敬、尊重、敬重、供養之後,終身不可違越的。瞿曇彌,若你接受這八重法,那就將是你的具足戒。”

‘‘Ajjatagge ovaṭo bhikkhunīnaṃ bhikkhūsu vacanapatho, anovaṭo bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīsu vacanapatho. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo. Sace kho tvaṃ, gotami, ime aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇheyyāsi, sāva te bhavissati upasampadā’’ti.
緬 3.105已對照

“阿難尊者,猶如女人或男人,年少、青春、好裝飾,洗了頭,得了青蓮華鬘、或婆師迦華鬘、或阿提目多伽華鬘,以雙手接過,安置於最上之支、[即]頭上;同樣,阿難尊者,我接受這終身不可違越的八重法。”

‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante ānanda, itthī vā puriso vā daharo yuvā maṇḍanakajātiko [maṇḍanakajātiyo (sī. pī.)] sīsaṃnhāto [sīsaṃnahāto (sī. pī.), sīsanahāto (syā.)] uppalamālaṃ vā vassikamālaṃ vā adhimuttakamālaṃ [atimuttakamālaṃ (sī.)] vā labhitvā ubhohi hatthehi paṭiggahetvā uttamaṅge sirasmiṃ patiṭṭhāpeyya; evamevaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante ānanda, ime aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇhāmi yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīye’’ti.
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那時,具壽阿難來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具壽阿難對世尊這樣說——“尊者,摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌已接受了終身不可違越的八重法。”

Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭiggahitā, bhante, mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā aṭṭha garudhammā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyā’’ti.
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“阿難,若女人不得在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者,阿難,梵行將會久住,正法將會住立一千年。阿難,而既然女人已在如來所宣說的法與律中從家出家、成為無家者,阿難,如今梵行將不會久住。阿難,如今正法將住立五百年。

‘‘Sace, ānanda, nālabhissa mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, ānanda, brahmacariyaṃ abhavissa, vassasahassameva saddhammo tiṭṭheyya. Yato ca kho, ānanda, mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito, na dāni, ānanda, brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ bhavissati. Pañceva dāni, ānanda, vassasatāni saddhammo ṭhassati.
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“阿難,猶如凡任何女多男少的家族,都容易被盜賊、甕盜侵犯;同樣,阿難,在哪一種法與律中女人得以從家出家、成為無家者,那梵行就不會久住。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, ānanda, yāni kānici kulāni bahutthikāni [bahukitthikāni (sī. pī.), bahuitthikāni (syā.)] appapurisakāni, tāni suppadhaṃsiyāni honti corehi kumbhatthenakehi; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, yasmiṃ dhammavinaye labhati mātugāmo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, na taṃ brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti.
PTS 4.279已對照

“阿難,猶如在茂盛的稻田中落下名叫白骨的一種病害,那稻田就這樣不會久住;同樣,阿難,在哪一種法與律中女人得以從家出家、成為無家者,那梵行就不會久住。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, ānanda, sampanne sālikkhette setaṭṭhikā nāma rogajāti nipatati, evaṃ taṃ sālikkhettaṃ na ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, yasmiṃ dhammavinaye labhati mātugāmo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, na taṃ brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti.
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“阿難,猶如在茂盛的甘蔗田中落下名叫茜赤的一種病害,那甘蔗田就這樣不會久住;同樣,阿難,在哪一種法與律中女人得以從家出家、成為無家者,那梵行就不會久住。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, ānanda, sampanne ucchukkhette mañjiṭṭhikā [mañjeṭṭhikā (sī. syā.)] nāma rogajāti nipatati, evaṃ taṃ ucchukkhettaṃ na ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, yasmiṃ dhammavinaye labhati mātugāmo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, na taṃ brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti.
緬 3.106已對照

“阿難,猶如人為了不讓水越出,預先為大池塘築起堤岸;同樣,阿難,我預先為比丘尼們制定了終身不可違越的八重法。”第一[經]。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, ānanda, puriso mahato taḷākassa paṭikacceva [paṭigacceva (sī. pī.)] āḷiṃ bandheyya yāvadeva udakassa anatikkamanāya; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, mayā paṭikacceva bhikkhunīnaṃ aṭṭha garudhammā paññattā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyā’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
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二、教誡經

2. Ovādasuttaṃ
52已對照

五十二、一時,世尊住在毘舍離大林重閣講堂。那時,具壽阿難來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具壽阿難對世尊這樣說——“尊者,具足多少法的比丘,應被認可為教誡比丘尼者呢?”

52. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako sammannitabbo’’ti?
PTS 4.280已對照

“阿難,具足八種法的比丘,應被認可為教誡比丘尼者。具足哪八種[法]呢?阿難,在此,比丘具戒……乃至……受持學處而學習;是多聞者……乃至……以見善通達;而且他對兩部波羅提木叉都已詳細善學,善加分別,善能轉誦,善加抉擇——依經、依隨附的文句;言語良善,善於言辭,具足文雅的言語——清晰流利、無有瑕疵,能令人了知義理;有能力以法語對比丘尼僧團開示、勸導、激勵、令歡喜;大多為比丘尼們所愛、所可意;而且這[比丘]不曾與為世尊而出家、身著袈裟衣的[女子]犯過重法;是滿二十臘者,或超過二十臘者。阿難,具足這八種法的比丘,應被認可為教誡比丘尼者。”第二[經]。

[pāci. 147] ‘‘Aṭṭhahi kho, ānanda, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako sammannitabbo. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso; kalyāṇavāco hoti kalyāṇavākkaraṇo, poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya [visaṭṭhāya (ka.)] anelagaḷāya [aneḷagaḷāya (sī. ka.)] atthassa viññāpaniyā; paṭibalo hoti bhikkhunisaṅghassa dhammiyā kathāya sandassetuṃ samādapetuṃ samuttejetuṃ sampahaṃsetuṃ; yebhuyyena bhikkhunīnaṃ piyo hoti manāpo; na kho panetaṃ bhagavantaṃ uddissa pabbajitāya kāsāyavatthanivasanāya garudhammaṃ ajjhāpannapubbo hoti; vīsativasso vā hoti atirekavīsativasso vā. Imehi kho, ānanda, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako sammannitabbo’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
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三、略說經

3. Saṃkhittasuttaṃ
53已對照

五十三、一時,世尊住在毘舍離大林重閣講堂。那時,摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的那位摩訶波闍波提瞿曇彌對世尊這樣說——

53. [cūḷava. 406] Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
緬 3.107已對照

“尊者,善哉!願世尊為我簡略地說法,使我聽了世尊的法之後,能獨一、遠離、不放逸、熱勤、自策勵而住。”“瞿曇彌,凡是你所能了知的諸法:‘這些法導向有貪而非離貪,導向繫縛而非離繫縛,導向積集而非損減,導向大欲而非少欲,導向不知足而非知足,導向聚眾而非遠離,導向懈怠而非精進的發起,導向難養而非易養’,瞿曇彌,你應當一向地受持:‘這不是法,這不是律,這不是導師之教。’”

‘‘Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā ekā vūpakaṭṭhā appamattā ātāpinī pahitattā vihareyya’’nti. ‘‘Ye kho tvaṃ, gotami, dhamme jāneyyāsi – ‘ime dhammā sarāgāya saṃvattanti, no virāgāya; saṃyogāya saṃvattanti, no visaṃyogāya; ācayāya saṃvattanti, no apacayāya; mahicchatāya saṃvattanti, no appicchatāya; asantuṭṭhiyā saṃvattanti, no santuṭṭhiyā; saṅgaṇikāya saṃvattanti, no pavivekāya; kosajjāya saṃvattanti, no vīriyārambhāya; dubbharatāya saṃvattanti, no subharatāyā’ti, ekaṃsena, gotami, dhāreyyāsi – ‘neso dhammo, neso vinayo, netaṃ satthusāsana’’’nti.
PTS 4.281已對照

“而瞿曇彌,凡是你所能了知的諸法:‘這些法導向離貪而非有貪,導向離繫縛而非繫縛,導向損減而非積集,導向少欲而非大欲,導向知足而非不知足,導向遠離而非聚眾,導向精進的發起而非懈怠,導向易養而非難養’,瞿曇彌,你應當一向地受持:‘這是法,這是律,這是導師之教。’”第三[經]。

‘‘Ye ca kho tvaṃ, gotami, dhamme jāneyyāsi – ‘ime dhammā virāgāya saṃvattanti, no sarāgāya; visaṃyogāya saṃvattanti, no saṃyogāya; apacayāya saṃvattanti, no ācayāya; appicchatāya saṃvattanti, no mahicchatāya; santuṭṭhiyā saṃvattanti, no asantuṭṭhiyā; pavivekāya saṃvattanti, no saṅgaṇikāya; vīriyārambhāya saṃvattanti, no kosajjāya; subharatāya saṃvattanti, no dubbharatāyā’ti, ekaṃsena, gotami, dhāreyyāsi – ‘eso dhammo, eso vinayo, etaṃ satthusāsana’’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.
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四、長膝經

4. Dīghajāṇusuttaṃ
54已對照

五十四、一時,世尊住在拘利[國],[有]一座名叫迦迦羅跋多(Kakkarapatta)的拘利人市鎮。那時,拘利子長膝(Dīghajāṇu koliyaputta)來到世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的拘利子長膝對世尊這樣說——“尊者,我們是在家人、受用諸欲者,住於兒女擁擠之床,享用迦屍旃檀,佩戴花鬘、香、塗香,領受金銀。尊者,對這樣的我們,願世尊為我們這樣說法——[說]那些對我們會導向現法利益、現法安樂、來世利益、來世安樂的法。”

54. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā koliyesu viharati kakkarapattaṃ nāma koliyānaṃ nigamo. Atha kho dīghajāṇu koliyaputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho dīghajāṇu koliyaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayaṃ, bhante, gihī kāmabhogino [kāmabhogī (sī. syā. pī.)] puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvasāma, kāsikacandanaṃ paccanubhoma, mālāgandhavilepanaṃ dhārayāma, jātarūparajataṃ sādayāma. Tesaṃ no, bhante, bhagavā amhākaṃ tathā dhammaṃ desetu ye amhākaṃ assu dhammā diṭṭhadhammahitāya diṭṭhadhammasukhāya, samparāyahitāya samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.
緬 3.108已對照

“虎路(Byagghapajja),有這四種法導向良家子的現法利益、現法安樂。哪四種[法]呢?奮起具足、守護具足、善友性、平衡的生活。虎路,什麼是奮起具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子以某種事業謀生——或以農耕,或以經商,或以牧牛,或以射術,或以王家職事,或以某種其他技藝——他於其中熟練、不懶惰,具足於其中[適宜]方法的審察,足以親自去做,足以安排[他人去做]。虎路,這稱為奮起具足。

‘‘Cattārome, byagghapajja, dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti diṭṭhadhammasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Uṭṭhānasampadā, ārakkhasampadā, kalyāṇamittatā, samajīvitā [samajīvikatā (sī.) a. ni. 8.75]. Katamā ca, byagghapajja, uṭṭhānasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto yena kammaṭṭhānena jīvikaṃ [jīvitaṃ (ka.)] kappeti – yadi kasiyā, yadi vaṇijjāya, yadi gorakkhena, yadi issattena [issatthena (sī. syā. pī.)], yadi rājaporisena, yadi sippaññatarena – tattha dakkho hoti analaso, tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato, alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, uṭṭhānasampadā.
PTS 4.282已對照

“虎路,什麼是守護具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子有以奮起與精進所獲得的、以臂力積聚的、以汗水掙得的、合乎法的、如法所得的財物。他以看管、守護來保全它們:‘怎樣才能使我的這些財物既不被諸王奪去,也不被盜賊奪去,不被火燒,不被水衝,不被不親愛的諸嗣奪去呢?’虎路,這稱為守護具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, ārakkhasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputtassa bhogā honti uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatā bāhābalaparicitā, sedāvakkhittā, dhammikā dhammaladdhā. Te ārakkhena guttiyā sampādeti – ‘kinti me ime bhoge neva rājāno hareyyuṃ, na corā hareyyuṃ, na aggi ḍaheyya, na udakaṃ vaheyya, na appiyā dāyādā hareyyu’nti! Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, ārakkhasampadā.
已對照

“虎路,什麼是善友性呢?虎路,在此,良家子住在哪個村落或市鎮,那裡凡有居士或居士子——或年少而戒德增長者,或年長而戒德增長者——具足信、具足戒、具足施捨、具足慧,他便與他們共處、交談、進行討論;隨學那樣的具足信者的信具足,隨學那樣的具足戒者的戒具足,隨學那樣的具足施捨者的施捨具足,隨學那樣的具足慧者的慧具足。虎路,這稱為善友性。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, kalyāṇamittatā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā paṭivasati, tattha ye te honti – gahapatī vā gahapatiputtā vā daharā vā vuddhasīlino, vuddhā vā vuddhasīlino, saddhāsampannā, sīlasampannā, cāgasampannā, paññāsampannā – tehi saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati sallapati sākacchaṃ samāpajjati; yathārūpānaṃ saddhāsampannānaṃ saddhāsampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ sīlasampannānaṃ sīlasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ cāgasampannānaṃ cāgasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ paññāsampannānaṃ paññāsampadaṃ anusikkhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, kalyāṇamittatā.
PTS 4.283緬 3.109已對照

“虎路,什麼是平衡的生活呢?虎路,在此,良家子了知財物的收入,了知財物的支出,過平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒儉:‘這樣,我的收入將會壓過支出而持續,我的支出不會壓過收入而持續。’虎路,猶如秤者或秤者的學徒,提起秤來便知道:‘以這麼多而下沉了’,或‘以這麼多而上揚了’;同樣,虎路,良家子了知財物的收入,了知財物的支出,過平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒儉:‘這樣,我的收入將會壓過支出而持續,我的支出不會壓過收入而持續。’虎路,若這良家子收入少而過奢華的生活,會有人說他:‘這良家子像吃優曇婆羅果者那樣吃用財物。’虎路,而若這良家子收入多而過艱苦的生活,會有人說他:‘這良家子將像無主之人那樣死去。’虎路,而當這良家子了知財物的收入,了知財物的支出,過平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒儉:‘這樣,我的收入將會壓過支出而持續,我的支出不會壓過收入而持續’——虎路,這稱為平衡的生活。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, samajīvitā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, samaṃ jīvikaṃ [samajīvikaṃ (syā.), samajīvitaṃ (ka.)] kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Seyyathāpi, byagghapajja, tulādhāro vā tulādhārantevāsī vā tulaṃ paggahetvā jānāti – ‘ettakena vā onataṃ [oṇataṃ (ka.)], ettakena vā unnata’nti [uṇṇatanti (ka.)]; evamevaṃ kho, byagghapajja, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Sacāyaṃ, byagghapajja, kulaputto appāyo samāno uḷāraṃ jīvikaṃ [jīvitaṃ (ka.)] kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘udumbarakhādīvāyaṃ [udumbarakhādikaṃ vāyaṃ (sī. pī.), udumbarakhādakaṃ cāyaṃ (syā.)] kulaputto bhoge khādatī’ti. Sace panāyaṃ, byagghapajja, kulaputto mahāyo samāno kasiraṃ jīvikaṃ [jīvitaṃ (ka.)] kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘ajeṭṭhamaraṇaṃvāyaṃ [ajaddhumārikaṃ vāyaṃ (sī. pī.), addhamārakaṃ cāyaṃ (syā.), ettha jaddhūti asanaṃ = bhattabhuñjanaṃ, tasmā ajaddhumārikanti anasanamaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. ma. ni. 1.379 adholipiyā ‘‘ajaddhuka’’nti padaṃ dassitaṃ] kulaputto marissatī’ti. Yato ca khoyaṃ, byagghapajja, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, samajīvitā.
已對照

“虎路,這樣生起的財物,有四種損耗之門——耽於女色、耽於酒、耽於賭博,有惡友、有惡伴、有惡隨從。虎路,猶如大池塘有四個進入之門,也有四個損耗之門。有人把它的那些進入之門堵上,把那些損耗之門打開,天也不正常地降下雨流。虎路,這樣,那大池塘便只應期待衰退,不會增長;同樣,虎路,這樣生起的財物,有四種損耗之門——耽於女色、耽於酒、耽於賭博,有惡友、有惡伴、有惡隨從。

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, byagghapajja, bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni, cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni vivareyya; devo ca na sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa parihāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no vuddhi; evamevaṃ, byagghapajja, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko.
PTS 4.284緬 3.110已對照

“虎路,這樣生起的財物,有四種進入之門——不耽於女色、不耽於酒、不耽於賭博,有善友、有善伴、有善隨從。虎路,猶如大池塘有四個進入之門,也有四個損耗之門。有人把它的那些進入之門打開,把那些損耗之門堵上,天也正常地降下雨流。虎路,這樣,那大池塘便只應期待增長,不會衰退;同樣,虎路,這樣生起的財物,有四種進入之門——不耽於女色、不耽於酒、不耽於賭博,有善友、有善伴、有善隨從。虎路,這四種法導向良家子的現法利益、現法安樂。

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, byagghapajja, bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto, na surādhutto, na akkhadhutto, kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni, cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni vivareyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya; devo ca sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni; evamevaṃ kho, byagghapajja, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto, na surādhutto, na akkhadhutto, kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ime kho, byagghapajja, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti diṭṭhadhammasukhāya.
已對照

“虎路,有這四種法導向良家子的來世利益、來世安樂。哪四種[法]呢?信具足、戒具足、施捨具足、慧具足。虎路,什麼是信具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子有信,信如來的正覺:‘那位世尊亦即是……乃至……天人導師、佛陀、世尊。’虎路,這稱為信具足。

‘‘Cattārome, byagghapajja, dhammā kulaputtassa samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Saddhāsampadā, sīlasampadā, cāgasampadā, paññāsampadā. Katamā ca, byagghapajja, saddhāsampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, saddhāsampadā.
已對照

“虎路,什麼是戒具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子離殺生……乃至……離[導致]放逸之因的谷酒、花果酒[等]酒類。虎路,這稱為戒具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, sīlasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, sīlasampadā.
已對照

“虎路,什麼是施捨具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子以離了慳垢的心居家,施捨無所保留、手常潔淨、樂於捨棄、堪受人乞求、樂於布施與分享。虎路,這稱為施捨具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, cāgasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, cāgasampadā.
PTS 4.285已對照

“虎路,什麼是慧具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子是有慧者,具足通達生滅的慧——[那是]聖的、能洞察的、能導向正確盡苦的[慧]。虎路,這稱為慧具足。虎路,這四種法導向良家子的來世利益、來世安樂。”

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, paññāsampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto paññavā hoti, udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, paññāsampadā. Ime kho, byagghapajja, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.
已對照

“於諸事務中奮起,不放逸,善於安排,

‘‘Uṭṭhātā kammadheyyesu, appamatto vidhānavā;
已對照

過平衡的生活,守護所積聚的[財物]。

Samaṃ kappeti jīvikaṃ [jīvitaṃ (ka.)], sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
已對照

“有信,具足戒,寬仁,離慳吝,

‘‘Saddho sīlena sampanno, vadaññū vītamaccharo;
已對照

他常淨化道路——那來世的安穩[之道]。

Niccaṃ maggaṃ visodheti, sotthānaṃ samparāyikaṃ.
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“這些八法,屬於有信而求家居者,

‘‘Iccete aṭṭha dhammā ca, saddhassa gharamesino;
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由具真實之名者所宣說,於兩處都帶來安樂。

Akkhātā saccanāmena, ubhayattha sukhāvahā.
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“為了現法的利益,以及來世的安樂;

‘‘Diṭṭhadhammahitatthāya, samparāyasukhāya ca;
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在家者們的施捨與福德,就這樣增長。”第四[經]。

Evametaṃ gahaṭṭhānaṃ, cāgo puññaṃ pavaḍḍhatī’’ti. catutthaṃ;
已對照

五、鬱闍迦經

5. Ujjayasuttaṃ
55緬 3.111已對照

五十五、那時,鬱闍迦婆羅門(Ujjaya brāhmaṇa)來到世尊之處;到了之後,與世尊互相問候。互相問候、交談了一番愉快而值得憶念的話之後,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的鬱闍迦婆羅門對世尊這樣說——“喬達摩尊師,我們想要出外遠行。對這樣的我們,願喬達摩尊師為我們這樣說法——[說]那些對我們會導向現法利益、現法安樂、來世利益、來世安樂的法。”

55. Atha kho ujjayo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho ujjayo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayaṃ, bho gotama, pavāsaṃ gantukāmā. Tesaṃ no bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ tathā dhammaṃ desetu – ye amhākaṃ assu dhammā diṭṭhadhammahitāya, diṭṭhadhammasukhāya, samparāyahitāya, samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.
PTS 4.286已對照

“婆羅門,有這四種法導向良家子的現法利益、現法安樂。哪四種[法]呢?奮起具足、守護具足、善友性、平衡的生活。婆羅門,什麼是奮起具足呢?婆羅門,在此,良家子以某種事業謀生——或以農耕,或以經商,或以牧牛,或以射術,或以王家職事,或以某種其他技藝——他於其中熟練、不懶惰,具足於其中[適宜]方法的審察,足以親自去做,足以安排[他人去做]。婆羅門,這稱為奮起具足。

‘‘Cattārome, brāhmaṇa, dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti, diṭṭhadhammasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Uṭṭhānasampadā, ārakkhasampadā, kalyāṇamittatā, samajīvitā. Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, uṭṭhānasampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto yena kammaṭṭhānena jīvikaṃ kappeti – yadi kasiyā, yadi vaṇijjāya, yadi gorakkhena, yadi issattena, yadi rājaporisena, yadi sippaññatarena – tattha dakkho hoti analaso, tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato, alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, uṭṭhānasampadā.
已對照

“婆羅門,什麼是守護具足呢?婆羅門,在此,良家子有以奮起與精進所獲得的、以臂力積聚的、以汗水掙得的、合乎法的、如法所得的財物。他以看管、守護來保全它們:‘怎樣才能使我的這些財物既不被諸王奪去,也不被盜賊奪去,不被火燒,不被水衝,不被不親愛的諸嗣奪去呢?’婆羅門,這稱為守護具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, ārakkhasampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputtassa bhogā honti uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatā, bāhābalaparicitā, sedāvakkhittā, dhammikā dhammaladdhā. Te ārakkhena guttiyā sampādeti – ‘kinti me ime bhoge neva rājāno hareyyuṃ, na corā hareyyuṃ, na aggi ḍaheyya, na udakaṃ vaheyya, na appiyā dāyādā hareyyu’nti. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, ārakkhasampadā.
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“婆羅門,什麼是善友性呢?婆羅門,在此,良家子住在哪個村落或市鎮,那裡凡有居士或居士子——或年少而戒德增長者,或年長而戒德增長者——具足信、具足戒、具足施捨、具足慧,他便與他們共處、交談、進行討論;隨學那樣的具足信者的信具足,隨學那樣的具足戒者的戒具足,隨學那樣的具足施捨者的施捨具足,隨學那樣的具足慧者的慧具足。婆羅門,這稱為善友性。

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, kalyāṇamittatā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā paṭivasati tatra ye te honti – gahapatī vā gahapatiputtā vā daharā vā vuddhasīlino, vuddhā vā vuddhasīlino, saddhāsampannā, sīlasampannā, cāgasampannā, paññāsampannā – tehi saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati sallapati sākacchaṃ samāpajjati; yathārūpānaṃ saddhāsampannānaṃ saddhāsampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ sīlasampannānaṃ sīlasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ cāgasampannānaṃ cāgasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ paññāsampannānaṃ paññāsampadaṃ anusikkhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, kalyāṇamittatā.
PTS 4.287緬 3.112已對照

“婆羅門,什麼是平衡的生活呢?婆羅門,在此,良家子了知財物的收入,了知財物的支出,過平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒儉:‘這樣,我的收入將會壓過支出而持續,我的支出不會壓過收入而持續。’婆羅門,猶如秤者或秤者的學徒,提起秤來便知道:‘以這麼多而下沉了’,或‘以這麼多而上揚了’;同樣,婆羅門,良家子了知財物的收入,了知財物的支出,過平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒儉:‘這樣,我的收入將會壓過支出而持續,我的支出不會壓過收入而持續。’婆羅門,若這良家子收入少而過奢華的生活,會有人說他:‘這良家子像吃優曇婆羅果者那樣吃用財物。’婆羅門,而若這良家子收入多而過艱苦的生活,會有人說他:‘這良家子將像無主之人那樣死去。’婆羅門,而當這良家子了知財物的收入,了知財物的支出,過平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒儉:‘這樣,我的收入將會壓過支出而持續,我的支出不會壓過收入而持續’——婆羅門,這稱為平衡的生活。

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, samajīvitā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, tulādhāro vā tulādhārantevāsī vā tulaṃ paggahetvā jānāti – ‘ettakena vā onataṃ, ettakena vā unnata’nti; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Sacāyaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto appāyo samāno uḷāraṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘udumbarakhādīvāyaṃ kulaputto bhoge khādatī’ti. Sace panāyaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto mahāyo samāno kasiraṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘ajeṭṭhamaraṇaṃvāyaṃ kulaputto marissatī’ti. Yato ca khoyaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti, ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, samajīvitā.
PTS 4.288已對照

“婆羅門,這樣生起的財物,有四種損耗之門——耽於女色、耽於酒、耽於賭博,有惡友、有惡伴、有惡隨從。婆羅門,猶如大池塘有四個進入之門,也有四個損耗之門。有人把它的那些進入之門堵上,把那些損耗之門打開,天也不正常地降下雨流。婆羅門,這樣,那大池塘便只應期待衰退,不會增長;同樣,婆羅門,這樣生起的財物,有四種損耗之門——耽於女色、耽於酒、耽於賭博,有惡友、有惡伴、有惡隨從。

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni, cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni vivareyya; devo ca na sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa brāhmaṇa, mahato taḷākassa parihāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no vuddhi; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko.
緬 3.113已對照

“婆羅門,這樣生起的財物,有四種進入之門——不耽於女色、不耽於酒、不耽於賭博,有善友、有善伴、有善隨從。婆羅門,猶如大池塘有四個進入之門,也有四個損耗之門。有人把它的那些進入之門打開,把那些損耗之門堵上,天也正常地降下雨流。婆羅門,這樣,那大池塘便只應期待增長,不會衰退;同樣,婆羅門,這樣生起的財物,有四種進入之門——不耽於女色……乃至……有善隨從。婆羅門,這四種法導向良家子的現法利益、現法安樂。

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto, na surādhutto, na akkhadhutto, kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni vivareyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya; devo ca sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa, brāhmaṇa, mahato taḷākassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto…pe… kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti diṭṭhadhammasukhāya.
已對照

“婆羅門,有這四種法導向良家子的來世利益、來世安樂。哪四種[法]呢?信具足、戒具足、施捨具足、慧具足。婆羅門,什麼是信具足呢?婆羅門,在此,良家子有信,信如來的正覺:‘那位世尊亦即是……乃至……天人導師、佛陀、世尊。’婆羅門,這稱為信具足。

‘‘Cattārome, brāhmaṇa, kulaputtassa dhammā samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Saddhāsampadā, sīlasampadā, cāgasampadā, paññāsampadā. Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, saddhāsampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, saddhāsampadā.
已對照

“婆羅門,什麼是戒具足呢?婆羅門,在此,良家子離殺生……乃至……離[導致]放逸之因的谷酒、花果酒[等]酒類。婆羅門,這稱為戒具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, sīlasampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, sīlasampadā.
PTS 4.289已對照

“婆羅門,什麼是施捨具足呢?婆羅門,在此,良家子以離了慳垢的心居家,施捨無所保留、手常潔淨、樂於捨棄、堪受人乞求、樂於布施與分享。婆羅門,這稱為施捨具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, cāgasampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, cāgasampadā.
已對照

“婆羅門,什麼是慧具足呢?婆羅門,在此,良家子是有慧者……乃至……能導向正確盡苦的[慧]。婆羅門,這稱為慧具足。婆羅門,這四種法導向良家子的來世利益、來世安樂。”

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, paññāsampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto paññavā hoti…pe… sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, paññāsampadā. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.
已對照

“於諸事務中奮起,不放逸,善於安排,

‘‘Uṭṭhātā kammadheyyesu, appamatto vidhānavā;
已對照

過平衡的生活,守護所積聚的[財物]。

Samaṃ kappeti jīvikaṃ, sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
已對照

“有信,具足戒,寬仁,離慳吝,

‘‘Saddho sīlena sampanno, vadaññū vītamaccharo;
已對照

他常淨化道路——那來世的安穩[之道]。

Niccaṃ maggaṃ visodheti, sotthānaṃ samparāyikaṃ.
已對照

“這些八法,屬於有信而求家居者,

‘‘Iccete aṭṭha dhammā ca, saddhassa gharamesino;
已對照

由具真實之名者所宣說,於兩處都帶來安樂。

Akkhātā saccanāmena, ubhayattha sukhāvahā.
已對照

“為了現法的利益,以及來世的安樂;

‘‘Diṭṭhadhammahitatthāya, samparāyasukhāya ca;
已對照

在家者們的施捨與福德,就這樣增長。”第五[經]。

Evametaṃ gahaṭṭhānaṃ, cāgo puññaṃ pavaḍḍhatī’’ti. pañcamaṃ;
已對照

六、怖畏經

6. Bhayasuttaṃ
56PTS 4.290緬 3.114已對照

五十六、“‘怖畏’,諸比丘,這是諸欲的增語。‘苦’,諸比丘,這是諸欲的增語。‘病’,諸比丘,這是諸欲的增語。‘瘡’,諸比丘,這是諸欲的增語。‘箭’,諸比丘,這是諸欲的增語。‘執著’,諸比丘,這是諸欲的增語。‘泥’,諸比丘,這是諸欲的增語。‘胎’,諸比丘,這是諸欲的增語。諸比丘,為什麼‘怖畏’是諸欲的增語呢?諸比丘,因為這為欲貪(kāmarāga)所染、為欲貪(chandarāga)所縛者,既不能從現法的怖畏中解脫,也不能從來世的怖畏中解脫,因此‘怖畏’是諸欲的增語。諸比丘,為什麼‘苦’……乃至……‘病’……‘瘡’……‘箭’……‘執著’……‘泥’……‘胎’是諸欲的增語呢?諸比丘,因為這為欲貪所染、為欲貪所縛者,既不能從現法的胎中解脫,也不能從來世的胎中解脫,因此‘胎’是諸欲的增語。”

“怖畏與苦與病,瘡與箭與執著,

泥與胎——兩兩[並稱],這些被稱為諸欲,

凡夫粘著於其中。

“被可愛之相所淹沒者,又再趣向於胎;

而當比丘熱勤,不捨棄正知之時,

“如是的他,越過這泥沼、險路之後,

觀察被生與老所纏、顫動著的眾生。”第六[經]。

56. ‘‘‘Bhaya’nti [cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 137], bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Dukkha’nti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Rogo’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Gaṇḍo’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Salla’nti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Saṅgo’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Paṅko’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Gabbho’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, ‘bhaya’nti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ? Yasmā ca kāmarāgarattāyaṃ, bhikkhave, chandarāgavinibaddho diṭṭhadhammikāpi bhayā na parimuccati, samparāyikāpi bhayā na parimuccati, tasmā ‘bhaya’nti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, ‘dukkha’nti…pe… ‘rogo’ti… ‘gaṇḍo’ti… ‘salla’nti… ‘saṅgo’ti… ‘paṅko’ti… ‘gabbho’ti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ? Yasmā ca kāmarāgarattāyaṃ, bhikkhave, chandarāgavinibaddho diṭṭhadhammikāpi gabbhā na parimuccati, samparāyikāpi gabbhā na parimuccati, tasmā ‘gabbho’ti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ’’.
‘‘Bhayaṃ dukkhañca rogo ca, gaṇḍo sallañca saṅgo ca;
Paṅko gabbho ca ubhayaṃ, ete kāmā pavuccanti;
Yattha satto puthujjano.
‘‘Otiṇṇo sātarūpena, puna gabbhāya gacchati;
Yato ca bhikkhu ātāpī, sampajaññaṃ [sampajañño (syā. ka.) saṃ. ni. 4.251 passitabbaṃ] na riccati.
‘‘So imaṃ palipathaṃ duggaṃ, atikkamma tathāvidho;
Pajaṃ jātijarūpetaṃ, phandamānaṃ avekkhatī’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
已對照

七、第一應供養者經

7. Paṭhamaāhuneyyasuttaṃ
57PTS 4.291緬 3.115已對照

五十七、“諸比丘,具足八種法的比丘,是應供養者、應款待者、應奉施者、應合掌者,是世間無上的福田。具足哪八種[法]呢?諸比丘,在此,比丘具戒……乃至……受持學處而學習;是多聞者……乃至……以見善通達;是善友者、善伴者、善隨從者;是正見者,具足正見解;是那屬於增上心的、現法樂住的四禪的隨願而得者、不難而得者、豐足而得者;他回憶起許多種宿住,即:一生、二生……乃至……如此,他回憶起具有行相、具有細節的許多種宿住;他以清淨、超人的天眼……乃至……了知眾生隨業而去;由於諸漏的滅盡……乃至……證知,成就並住。諸比丘,具足這八種法的比丘,是應供養者……乃至……是世間無上的福田。”第七[經]。

57. ‘‘Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; kalyāṇamitto hoti kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko; sammādiṭṭhiko hoti, sammādassanena samannāgato; catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī; anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati; dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena…pe… yathākammūpage satte pajānāti; āsavānaṃ khayā…pe… sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
已對照

八、第二應供養者經

8. Dutiyaāhuneyyasuttaṃ
58PTS 4.292已對照

五十八、“諸比丘,具足八種法的比丘,是應供養者……乃至……是世間無上的福田。具足哪八種[法]呢?諸比丘,在此,比丘具戒……乃至……受持學處而學習;是多聞者……乃至……以見善通達;住於發起精進,有力、堅固勇猛,於諸善法不放下[重]擔;是林野住者,[住於]邊遠的坐臥處;是堪忍不樂與樂者,一再地制勝已生的不樂而住;是堪忍怖畏與驚駭者,一再地制勝已生的怖畏與驚駭而住;是那屬於增上心的、現法樂住的四禪的隨願而得者、不難而得者、豐足而得者;由於諸漏的滅盡……乃至……證知,成就並住。諸比丘,具足這八種法的比丘,是應供養者……乃至……是世間無上的福田。”第八[經]。

58. ‘‘Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; āraddhavīriyo viharati thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu; āraññiko hoti pantasenāsano; aratiratisaho hoti, uppannaṃ aratiṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharati; bhayabheravasaho hoti, uppannaṃ bhayabheravaṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharati; catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī; āsavānaṃ khayā…pe… sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
已對照

九、第一人經

9. Paṭhamapuggalasuttaṃ
59已對照

五十九、“諸比丘,有這八種人,是應供養者、應款待者、應奉施者、應合掌者,是世間無上的福田。哪八種[人]呢?須陀洹、為作證須陀洹果而行道者;斯陀含、為作證斯陀含果而行道者;阿那含、為作證阿那含果而行道者;阿羅漢、為阿羅漢果而行道者。諸比丘,這八種人是應供養者……乃至……是世間無上的福田。”

59. ‘‘Aṭṭhime bhikkhave, puggalā āhuneyyā pāhuneyyā dakkhiṇeyyā añjalikaraṇīyā anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa? Katame aṭṭha? Sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, sakadāgāmī, sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, anāgāmī, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, arahā, arahattāya paṭipanno. Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha puggalā āhuneyyā…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti.
緬 3.116已對照

“四位行道者,與四位住於果者;

‘‘Cattāro ca paṭipannā, cattāro ca phale ṭhitā;
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這就是正直的僧團,具足慧與戒。

Esa saṅgho ujubhūto, paññāsīlasamāhito.
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“對於正在祭祀的人們、求福的眾生,

‘‘Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ;
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造作有所依之福時,施於僧團有大果。”第九[經]。

Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, saṅghe dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti. navamaṃ;
已對照

十、第二人經

10. Dutiyapuggalasuttaṃ
60PTS 4.293已對照

六十、“諸比丘,有這八種人,是應供養者……乃至……是世間無上的福田。哪八種[人]呢?須陀洹、為作證須陀洹果而行道者……乃至……阿羅漢、為阿羅漢果而行道者。諸比丘,這八種人是應供養者……乃至……是世間無上的福田。”

60. ‘‘Aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, puggalā āhuneyyā…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katame aṭṭha? Sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno…pe… arahā, arahattāya paṭipanno. Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha puggalā āhuneyyā…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti.
已對照

“四位行道者,與四位住於果者;

‘‘Cattāro ca paṭipannā, cattāro ca phale ṭhitā;
已對照

這就是最上的僧團,眾生中的八人。

Esa saṅgho samukkaṭṭho, sattānaṃ aṭṭha puggalā.
已對照

“對於正在祭祀的人們、求福的眾生,

‘‘Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ;
已對照

造作有所依之福時,施於此處有大果。”第十[經]。

Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, ettha dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti. dasamaṃ;
已對照

瞿曇彌品第一。

Gotamīvaggo paṭhamo.
已對照

其攝頌——

瞿曇彌、教誡、略說,長膝與鬱闍迦;

怖畏、兩應供養者,兩[經]、八人。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Gotamī ovādaṃ saṃkhittaṃ, dīghajāṇu ca ujjayo;
Bhayā dve āhuneyyā ca, dve ca aṭṭha puggalāti.