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中部第52經 · 八城經 Aṭṭhakanāgarasuttaṃ

本經目錄二、八城經

17已對照

二、八城經

十七、如是我聞——一時，具壽阿難住在毘舍離的竹林村（Beluvagāmaka）。那時，八城的第十居士（Dasama gahapati Aṭṭhakanāgara）因某件應作之事來到了波吒釐子城（Pāṭaliputta）。於是，八城的第十居士來到雞園（Kukkuṭārāma），來到某位比丘之處；到了之後，禮敬那位比丘，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的八城的第十居士對那位比丘這樣說——“尊者，具壽阿難現在住在哪裡？因為我們想見那位具壽阿難。”“居士，那位具壽阿難住在毘舍離的竹林村。”於是，八城的第十居士在波吒釐子城把那事辦完之後，來到毘舍離，來到竹林村，來到具壽阿難之處；到了之後，禮敬具壽阿難，坐在一旁。

17. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando vesāliyaṃ viharati beluvagāmake [veḷuvagāmake (syā. kaṃ. ka.)]. Tena kho pana samayena dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputtaṃ anuppatto hoti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro yena kukkuṭārāmo yena aññataro bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho, bhante, āyasmā ānando etarahi viharati? Dassanakāmā hi mayaṃ taṃ āyasmantaṃ ānanda’’nti. ‘‘Eso, gahapati, āyasmā ānando vesāliyaṃ viharati beluvagāmake’’ti. Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputte taṃ karaṇīyaṃ tīretvā yena vesālī yena beluvagāmako yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
18緬 2.13已對照

十八、坐在一旁的八城的第十居士對具壽阿難這樣說——“阿難尊者，有沒有那位知者、見者、阿羅漢、正等正覺者的世尊所說的一法：在那裡，比丘不放逸、熱勤、自策勵而住時，未解脫的心便得解脫，未遍盡的諸漏便趨於遍盡，未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩（yogakkhema）便得證得？”

18. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, bhante ānanda, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī’’ti?
PTS 1.350已對照

“居士，有那位知者、見者、阿羅漢、正等正覺者的世尊所說的一法：在那裡，比丘不放逸、熱勤、自策勵而住時，未解脫的心便得解脫，未遍盡的諸漏便趨於遍盡，未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩便得證得。”

‘‘Atthi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī’’ti.
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“阿難尊者，那麼什麼是那位知者、見者、阿羅漢、正等正覺者的世尊所說的一法：在那裡，比丘不放逸、熱勤、自策勵而住時，未解脫的心便得解脫，未遍盡的諸漏便趨於遍盡，未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩便得證得呢？”

‘‘Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī’’ti?
19已對照

十九、“居士，在此，比丘已離諸欲，離諸不善法，有尋、有伺，離生喜、樂，成就並住於初禪。他這樣思察：‘這初禪也是被造作的、被思所策發的。凡任何被造作的、被思所策發的，那是無常的、滅法。’他[這樣]了知。他住立於彼，達到諸漏的滅盡；若未達到諸漏的滅盡，便以那法貪（dhammarāga）、那法歡喜，以五下分結的滅盡而為化生者，將在那裡般涅槃，不再從彼世間還來。居士，這也是那位知者、見者、阿羅漢、正等正覺者的世尊所說的一法：在那裡，比丘不放逸、熱勤、自策勵而住時，未解脫的心便得解脫，未遍盡的諸漏便趨於遍盡，未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩便得證得。

19. ‘‘Idha, gahapati, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘idampi paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti. No ce āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti, teneva dhammarāgena tāya dhammanandiyā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
20PTS 1.351已對照

二十、“再者，居士，比丘尋、伺寂止，內潔淨……乃至……成就並住於第二禪。他這樣思察：‘這第二禪也是被造作的、被思所策發的……未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩便得證得。

20. ‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘idampi kho dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
緬 2.14已對照

“再者，居士，比丘離喜……乃至……成就並住於第三禪。他這樣思察：‘這第三禪也是被造作的、被思所策發的……乃至……未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩便得證得。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘idampi kho tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ…pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
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“再者，居士，比丘舍斷樂……乃至……成就並住於第四禪。他這樣思察：‘這第四禪也是被造作的、被思所策發的……未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩便得證得。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘idampi kho catutthaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
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“再者，居士，比丘以與慈俱的心遍滿一方而住，第二[方]亦然，第三[方]亦然，第四[方]亦然；如是於上、下、四方，於一切處，以一切為己，以與慈俱的心，廣、大、無量、無怨、無惱害，遍滿一切世間而住。他這樣思察：‘這慈心解脫也是被造作的、被思所策發的。凡任何被造作的、被思所策發的，那是無常的、滅法。’他[這樣]了知。他住立於彼……乃至……未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩便得證得。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ [catutthiṃ (sī. pī.)]. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena [abyāpajjhena (sī. syā. pī.), abyāpajjena (ka.) aṅguttaratikanipātaṭīkā oloketabbā] pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ayampi kho mettācetovimutti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito…pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
PTS 1.352已對照

“再者，居士，比丘以與悲俱的心……乃至……以與喜俱的心……乃至……以與舍俱的心遍滿一方而住，第二[方]亦然，第三[方]亦然，第四[方]亦然；如是於上、下、四方，於一切處，以一切為己，以與舍俱的心，廣、大、無量、無怨、無惱害，遍滿一切世間而住。他這樣思察：‘這舍心解脫也是被造作的、被思所策發的。凡任何被造作的、被思所策發的，那是無常的、滅法。’他[這樣]了知。他住立於彼……未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩便得證得。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu karuṇāsahagatena cetasā…pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā…pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ayampi kho upekkhācetovimutti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
緬 2.15已對照

“再者，居士，比丘完全超越色想，有對想滅沒，不作意種種想，[知]‘虛空是無邊的’，成就並住於空無邊處。他這樣思察：‘這空無邊處等至也是被造作的、被思所策發的。凡任何被造作的、被思所策發的，那是無常的、滅法。’他[這樣]了知。他住立於彼……乃至……未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩便得證得。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ayampi kho ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito…pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
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“再者，居士，比丘完全超越空無邊處，[知]‘識是無邊的’，成就並住於識無邊處。他這樣思察：‘這識無邊處等至也是被造作的、被思所策發的。凡任何被造作的、被思所策發的，那是無常的、滅法。’他[這樣]了知。他住立於彼……乃至……未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩便得證得。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ayampi kho viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito…pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
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“再者，居士，比丘完全超越識無邊處，[知]‘什麼都沒有’，成就並住於無所有處。他這樣思察：‘這無所有處等至也是被造作的、被思所策發的。凡任何被造作的、被思所策發的，那是無常的、滅法。’他[這樣]了知。他住立於彼，達到諸漏的滅盡；若未達到諸漏的滅盡，便以那法貪、那法歡喜，以五下分結的滅盡而為化生者，將在那裡般涅槃，不再從彼世間還來。居士，這也是那位知者、見者、阿羅漢、正等正覺者的世尊所說的一法：在那裡，比丘不放逸、熱勤、自策勵而住時，未解脫的心便得解脫，未遍盡的諸漏便趨於遍盡，未證得的無上的瑜伽安穩便得證得。”

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ayampi kho ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti. No ce āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti, teneva dhammarāgena tāya dhammanandiyā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī’’ti.
21PTS 1.353緬 2.16已對照

二十一、這樣說時，八城的第十居士對具壽阿難這樣說——“阿難尊者，猶如有人尋求僅僅一處寶藏口，一舉獲得十一處寶藏口；尊者，正是這樣，我尋求一種不死之門（amatadvāra），一舉獲得了十一種不死之門以供修習。尊者，猶如有人的屋有十一扇門；那屋著火時，他能以其中任何一扇門使自己平安；尊者，正是這樣，我也將能以這十一種不死之門中任何一種不死之門使自己平安。尊者，這些外道尚且會為老師尋求師禮（ācariyadhana），我又怎能不對具壽阿難作供養呢！”於是，八城的第十居士召集了波吒釐子城與毘舍離的比丘僧團，以上妙的嚼食、啖食親手奉侍[他們]，使之飽足滿意，並給每一位比丘各披上一雙衣，給具壽阿難披上三衣，又為具壽阿難建造了值五百的精舍。

21. Evaṃ vutte, dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘seyyathāpi, bhante ānanda, puriso ekaṃva nidhimukhaṃ gavesanto sakideva ekādasa nidhimukhāni adhigaccheyya; evameva kho ahaṃ, bhante, ekaṃ amatadvāraṃ gavesanto sakideva [sakiṃ deva (ka.)] ekādasa amatadvārāni alatthaṃ bhāvanāya. Seyyathāpi, bhante, purisassa agāraṃ ekādasadvāraṃ, so tasmiṃ agāre āditte ekamekenapi dvārena sakkuṇeyya attānaṃ sotthiṃ kātuṃ; evameva kho ahaṃ, bhante, imesaṃ ekādasannaṃ amatadvārānaṃ ekamekenapi amatadvārena sakkuṇissāmi attānaṃ sotthiṃ kātuṃ. Imehi nāma, bhante, aññatitthiyā ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ pariyesissanti, kimaṅgaṃ [kiṃ (sī. pī.)] panāhaṃ āyasmato ānandassa pūjaṃ na karissāmī’’ti! Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputtakañca vesālikañca bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātetvā paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi, ekamekañca bhikkhuṃ paccekaṃ dussayugena acchādesi, āyasmantañca ānandaṃ ticīvarena acchādesi, āyasmato ca ānandassa pañcasatavihāraṃ kārāpesīti.
Aṭṭhakanāgarasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.
已對照

《八城經》終，[《居士品》中之]第二[經]。

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