快樂巴利palinanda.cc

長部第34經 · 十上經 Dasuttarasuttaṃ

本經目錄十一、十上經(Dasuttarasutta)一法二法三法四法五法六法七法八法九法十法

350PTS 3.272緬 3.227已對照

十一、十上經(Dasuttarasutta)

如是我聞:一時,世尊住在瞻波(Campā),伽伽羅(Gaggarā)蓮池岸邊,與約五百位比丘組成的大比丘僧團一起。在那裡,具壽舍利弗對比丘們說:“賢友,諸比丘!”“賢友。”那些比丘應諾具壽舍利弗。具壽舍利弗這樣說:

“我將宣說十上[法],[那]為證得涅槃、為作苦之邊際、為解脫一切繫縛的法。”

350. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti! ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
‘‘Dasuttaraṃ pavakkhāmi, dhammaṃ nibbānapattiyā;
Dukkhassantakiriyāya, sabbaganthappamocanaṃ’’.
Eko dhammo
351已對照

一法

“賢友們,有一法是多所作的,有一法應修習,有一法應遍知,有一法應舍斷,有一法屬退分,有一法屬勝分,有一法難通達,有一法應令生起,有一法應證知,有一法應作證。

351. ‘‘Eko, āvuso, dhammo bahukāro, eko dhammo bhāvetabbo, eko dhammo pariññeyyo, eko dhammo pahātabbo, eko dhammo hānabhāgiyo, eko dhammo visesabhāgiyo, eko dhammo duppaṭivijjho, eko dhammo uppādetabbo, eko dhammo abhiññeyyo, eko dhammo sacchikātabbo.
已對照

(一)“什麼是那多所作的一法呢?於諸善法不放逸。這就是那多所作的一法。

(Ka) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo bahukāro? Appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. Ayaṃ eko dhammo bahukāro.
已對照

(二)“什麼是那應修習的一法呢?與悅俱的身至念。這就是那應修習的一法。

(Kha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo bhāvetabbo? Kāyagatāsati sātasahagatā. Ayaṃ eko dhammo bhāvetabbo.
已對照

(三)“什麼是那應遍知的一法呢?有漏、順取的觸。這就是那應遍知的一法。

(Ga) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo pariññeyyo? Phasso sāsavo upādāniyo. Ayaṃ eko dhammo pariññeyyo.
PTS 3.273已對照

(四)“什麼是那應舍斷的一法呢?我慢。這就是那應舍斷的一法。

(Gha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo pahātabbo? Asmimāno. Ayaṃ eko dhammo pahātabbo.
已對照

(五)“什麼是那屬退分的一法呢?不如理作意。這就是那屬退分的一法。

(Ṅa) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo hānabhāgiyo? Ayoniso manasikāro. Ayaṃ eko dhammo hānabhāgiyo.
已對照

(六)“什麼是那屬勝分的一法呢?如理作意。這就是那屬勝分的一法。

(Ca) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo visesabhāgiyo? Yoniso manasikāro. Ayaṃ eko dhammo visesabhāgiyo.
緬 3.228已對照

(七)“什麼是那難通達的一法呢?無間的心定。這就是那難通達的一法。

(Cha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo duppaṭivijjho? Ānantariko cetosamādhi. Ayaṃ eko dhammo duppaṭivijjho.
已對照

(八)“什麼是那應令生起的一法呢?不動的智。這就是那應令生起的一法。

(Ja) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo uppādetabbo? Akuppaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Ayaṃ eko dhammo uppādetabbo.
已對照

(九)“什麼是那應證知的一法呢?一切眾生依食而住。這就是那應證知的一法。

(Jha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo abhiññeyyo? Sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Ayaṃ eko dhammo abhiññeyyo.
已對照

(十)“什麼是那應作證的一法呢?不動的心解脫。這就是那應作證的一法。

(Ña) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo sacchikātabbo? Akuppā cetovimutti. Ayaṃ eko dhammo sacchikātabbo.
已對照

“如是,這十法是真實的、如實的、如是的、不虛的、不異的,已為如來所正現等覺。

‘‘Iti ime dasa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
352已對照

二法

“賢友們,有二法是多所作的,有二法應修習,有二法應遍知,有二法應舍斷,有二法屬退分,有二法屬勝分,有二法難通達,有二法應令生起,有二法應證知,有二法應作證。

Dve dhammā
352. ‘‘Dve dhammā bahukārā, dve dhammā bhāvetabbā, dve dhammā pariññeyyā, dve dhammā pahātabbā, dve dhammā hānabhāgiyā, dve dhammā visesabhāgiyā, dve dhammā duppaṭivijjhā, dve dhammā uppādetabbā, dve dhammā abhiññeyyā, dve dhammā sacchikātabbā.
已對照

(一)“哪二法是多所作的呢?念與正知。這二法就是多所作的。

(Ka) ‘‘katame dve dhammā bahukārā? Sati ca sampajaññañca. Ime dve dhammā bahukārā.
已對照

(二)“哪二法是應修習的呢?止與觀。這二法就是應修習的。

(Kha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā bhāvetabbā? Samatho ca vipassanā ca. Ime dve dhammā bhāvetabbā.
已對照

(三)“哪二法是應遍知的呢?名與色。這二法就是應遍知的。

(Ga) ‘‘katame dve dhammā pariññeyyā? Nāmañca rūpañca. Ime dve dhammā pariññeyyā.
PTS 3.274已對照

(四)“哪二法是應舍斷的呢?無明與有愛。這二法就是應舍斷的。

(Gha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā pahātabbā? Avijjā ca bhavataṇhā ca. Ime dve dhammā pahātabbā.
已對照

(五)“哪二法是屬退分的呢?難受勸與惡友。這二法就是屬退分的。

(Ṅa) ‘‘katame dve dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Dovacassatā ca pāpamittatā ca. Ime dve dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
已對照

(六)“哪二法是屬勝分的呢?易受勸與善友。這二法就是屬勝分的。

(Ca) ‘‘katame dve dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Sovacassatā ca kalyāṇamittatā ca. Ime dve dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
緬 3.229已對照

(七)“哪二法是難通達的呢?使眾生雜染的因與緣,以及使眾生清淨的因與緣。這二法就是難通達的。

(Cha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Yo ca hetu yo ca paccayo sattānaṃ saṃkilesāya, yo ca hetu yo ca paccayo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā. Ime dve dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
已對照

(八)“哪二法是應令生起的呢?二智——盡智、無生智。這二法就是應令生起的。

(Ja) ‘‘katame dve dhammā uppādetabbā? Dve ñāṇāni – khaye ñāṇaṃ, anuppāde ñāṇaṃ. Ime dve dhammā uppādetabbā.
已對照

(九)“哪二法是應證知的呢?二界——有為界與無為界。這二法就是應證知的。

(Jha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā abhiññeyyā? Dve dhātuyo – saṅkhatā ca dhātu asaṅkhatā ca dhātu. Ime dve dhammā abhiññeyyā.
已對照

(十)“哪二法是應作證的呢?明與解脫。這二法就是應作證的。

(Ña) ‘‘katame dve dhammā sacchikātabbā? Vijjā ca vimutti ca. Ime dve dhammā sacchikātabbā.
已對照

“如是,這二十法是真實的、如實的、如是的、不虛的、不異的,已為如來所正現等覺。

‘‘Iti ime vīsati dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
353已對照

三法

“賢友們,有三法是多所作的,有三法應修習……乃至……有三法應作證。

Tayo dhammā
353. ‘‘Tayo dhammā bahukārā, tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā…pe… tayo dhammā sacchikātabbā.
已對照

(一)“哪三法是多所作的呢?親近善士、聽聞正法、法隨法行。這三法就是多所作的。

(Ka) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā bahukārā? Sappurisasaṃsevo, saddhammassavanaṃ, dhammānudhammappaṭipatti. Ime tayo dhammā bahukārā.
已對照

(二)“哪三法是應修習的呢?三定——有尋有伺定、無尋唯伺定、無尋無伺定。這三法就是應修習的。

(Kha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā? Tayo samādhī – savitakko savicāro samādhi, avitakko vicāramatto samādhi, avitakko avicāro samādhi. Ime tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā.
PTS 3.275已對照

(三)“哪三法是應遍知的呢?三受——樂受、苦受、不苦不樂受。這三法就是應遍知的。

(Ga) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā pariññeyyā? Tisso vedanā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Ime tayo dhammā pariññeyyā.
已對照

(四)“哪三法是應舍斷的呢?三愛——欲愛、有愛、無有愛。這三法就是應舍斷的。

(Gha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā pahātabbā? Tisso taṇhā – kāmataṇhā, bhavataṇhā, vibhavataṇhā. Ime tayo dhammā pahātabbā.
已對照

(五)“哪三法是屬退分的呢?三不善根——貪是不善根,瞋是不善根,痴是不善根。這三法就是屬退分的。

(Ṅa) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Tīṇi akusalamūlāni – lobho akusalamūlaṃ, doso akusalamūlaṃ, moho akusalamūlaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
緬 3.230已對照

(六)“哪三法是屬勝分的呢?三善根——無貪是善根,無瞋是善根,無痴是善根。這三法就是屬勝分的。

(Ca) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Tīṇi kusalamūlāni – alobho kusalamūlaṃ, adoso kusalamūlaṃ, amoho kusalamūlaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
已對照

(七)“哪三法是難通達的呢?三出離界——諸欲的出離即是出離(nekkhamma),諸色的出離即是無色;而凡任何已成的、有為的、緣起的,其出離即是滅。這三法就是難通達的。

(Cha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Tisso nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – kāmānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ nekkhammaṃ, rūpānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ arūpaṃ, yaṃ kho pana kiñci bhūtaṃ saṅkhataṃ paṭiccasamuppannaṃ, nirodho tassa nissaraṇaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
已對照

(八)“哪三法是應令生起的呢?三智——於過去分的智、於未來分的智、於現在分的智。這三法就是應令生起的。

(Ja) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā uppādetabbā? Tīṇi ñāṇāni – atītaṃse ñāṇaṃ, anāgataṃse ñāṇaṃ, paccuppannaṃse ñāṇaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā uppādetabbā.
已對照

(九)“哪三法是應證知的呢?三界——欲界、色界、無色界。這三法就是應證知的。

(Jha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā abhiññeyyā? Tisso dhātuyo – kāmadhātu, rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu. Ime tayo dhammā abhiññeyyā.
已對照

(十)“哪三法是應作證的呢?三明——宿住隨念智是明,眾生死生智是明,諸漏盡智是明。這三法就是應作證的。

(Ña) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā sacchikātabbā? Tisso vijjā – pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ vijjā, sattānaṃ cutūpapāte ñāṇaṃ vijjā, āsavānaṃ khaye ñāṇaṃ vijjā. Ime tayo dhammā sacchikātabbā.
PTS 3.276已對照

“如是,這三十法是真實的、如實的、如是的、不虛的、不異的,已為如來所正現等覺。

‘‘Iti ime tiṃsa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
354已對照

四法

“賢友們,有四法是多所作的,有四法應修習……乃至……有四法應作證。

Cattāro dhammā
354. ‘‘Cattāro dhammā bahukārā, cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā…pe… cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā.
已對照

(一)“哪四法是多所作的呢?四輪——住於適宜的地方、依止善士、自身的正確安立、宿世曾作福。這四法就是多所作的。

(Ka) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā bahukārā? Cattāri cakkāni – patirūpadesavāso, sappurisūpanissayo [sappurisupassayo (syā. kaṃ.)], attasammāpaṇidhi, pubbe ca katapuññatā. Ime cattāro dhammā bahukārā.
緬 3.231已對照

(二)“哪四法是應修習的呢?四念處——賢友,在此,比丘於身隨觀身而住,熱勤(ātāpī)、正知、具念,調伏世間的貪與憂;於諸受……乃至……於心……於諸法隨觀法而住,熱勤、正知、具念,調伏世間的貪與憂。這四法就是應修習的。

(Kha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā? Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Vedanāsu…pe… citte… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā.
已對照

(三)“哪四法是應遍知的呢?四食——粗或細的段食為第一,觸為第二,意思為第三,識為第四。這四法就是應遍知的。

(Ga) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā pariññeyyā? Cattāro āhārā – kabaḷīkāro [kavaḷīkāro (syā. kaṃ.)] āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā, phasso dutiyo, manosañcetanā tatiyā, viññāṇaṃ catutthaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā pariññeyyā.
已對照

(四)“哪四法是應舍斷的呢?四暴流——欲暴流、有暴流、見暴流、無明暴流。這四法就是應舍斷的。

(Gha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā pahātabbā? Cattāro oghā – kāmogho, bhavogho, diṭṭhogho, avijjogho. Ime cattāro dhammā pahātabbā.
已對照

(五)“哪四法是屬退分的呢?四軛——欲軛、有軛、見軛、無明軛。這四法就是屬退分的。

(Ṅa) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Cattāro yogā – kāmayogo, bhavayogo, diṭṭhiyogo, avijjāyogo. Ime cattāro dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
已對照

(六)“哪四法是屬勝分的呢?四離軛——欲軛的離軛、有軛的離軛、見軛的離軛、無明軛的離軛。這四法就是屬勝分的。

(Ca) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Cattāro visaññogā – kāmayogavisaṃyogo, bhavayogavisaṃyogo, diṭṭhiyogavisaṃyogo, avijjāyogavisaṃyogo. Ime cattāro dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
PTS 3.277已對照

(七)“哪四法是難通達的呢?四定——退分定、住分定、勝分定、決擇分定。這四法就是難通達的。

(Cha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Cattāro samādhī – hānabhāgiyo samādhi, ṭhitibhāgiyo samādhi, visesabhāgiyo samādhi, nibbedhabhāgiyo samādhi. Ime cattāro dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
已對照

(八)“哪四法是應令生起的呢?四智——法智、類智、他心智、世俗智。這四法就是應令生起的。

(Ja) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā uppādetabbā? Cattāri ñāṇāni – dhamme ñāṇaṃ, anvaye ñāṇaṃ, pariye ñāṇaṃ, sammutiyā ñāṇaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā uppādetabbā.
已對照

(九)“哪四法是應證知的呢?四聖諦——苦聖諦、苦集聖諦、苦滅聖諦、導向苦滅之道聖諦。這四法就是應證知的。

(Jha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā abhiññeyyā? Cattāri ariyasaccāni – dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhasamudayaṃ [dukkhasamudayo (syā. kaṃ.)] ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhaṃ [dukkhanirodho (syā. kaṃ.)] ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā abhiññeyyā.
已對照

(十)“哪四法是應作證的呢?四沙門果——須陀洹果、斯陀含果、阿那含果、阿羅漢果。這四法就是應作證的。

(Ña) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā? Cattāri sāmaññaphalāni – sotāpattiphalaṃ, sakadāgāmiphalaṃ, anāgāmiphalaṃ, arahattaphalaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā.
緬 3.232已對照

“如是,這四十法是真實的、如實的、如是的、不虛的、不異的,已為如來所正現等覺。

‘‘Iti ime cattārīsadhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
355PTS 3.278緬 3.233已對照

五法

“賢友們,有五法是多所作的,有五法應修習……乃至……有五法應作證。

(一)“哪五法是多所作的呢?五勤支——賢友,在此,比丘有信,信如來的正覺:‘那位世尊亦即是阿羅漢、正等正覺者、明行具足(vijjācaraṇasampanna)、善逝(sugata)、世間解(lokavidū)、無上者、調御丈夫(anuttara purisadammasārathi)、天人導師(satthā devamanussānaṃ)、佛陀(buddha)、世尊。’少病少惱,具足等熟的消化力,不太冷、不太熱,[乃是]適中而堪能精勤的。不狡詐、不虛偽,對導師或對有智的諸同梵行者如實顯露自己。為舍斷諸不善法、為成就諸善法而住於發起精進,有力、堅固勇猛,於諸善法不放下[重]擔。有慧,具足通達生滅的慧——[那是]聖的、能洞察的、能導向正確盡苦的[慧]。這五法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪五法是應修習的呢?五支正定——喜遍滿、樂遍滿、心遍滿、光明遍滿、觀察相。這五法就是應修習的。

(三)“哪五法是應遍知的呢?五取蘊——色取蘊、受取蘊、想取蘊、行取蘊、識取蘊。這五法就是應遍知的。

(四)“哪五法是應舍斷的呢?五蓋——欲欲蓋、瞋恚蓋、昏沉睡眠蓋、掉舉追悔蓋、疑蓋。這五法就是應舍斷的。

(五)“哪五法是屬退分的呢?五心荒蕪——賢友,在此,比丘對導師懷疑、猶豫、不勝解、不淨信。賢友,凡是對導師懷疑、猶豫、不勝解、不淨信的比丘,他的心便不傾向於熱勤、勤修、恆作、精勤;心不傾向於熱勤、勤修、恆作、精勤者,這是第一心荒蕪。復次,賢友,比丘對法懷疑、猶豫……乃至……對僧懷疑、猶豫……乃至……對學懷疑、猶豫……乃至……對諸同梵行者忿怒、不悅、心受打擊、成為荒蕪。賢友,凡是對諸同梵行者忿怒、不悅、心受打擊、成為荒蕪的比丘,他的心便不傾向於熱勤、勤修、恆作、精勤;心不傾向於熱勤、勤修、恆作、精勤者,這是第五心荒蕪。這五法就是屬退分的。

(六)“哪五法是屬勝分的呢?五根——信根、精進根、念根、定根、慧根。這五法就是屬勝分的。

(七)“哪五法是難通達的呢?五出離界——賢友,在此,比丘作意諸欲時,心不趣入諸欲,不淨信,不安住,不解脫;而作意出離時,心趣入出離,淨信,安住,解脫。他的那個心是善往、善修、善出、善解脫、離繫於諸欲的。凡是以諸欲為緣而生起的諸漏、苦惱、熱惱,他已從其中解脫,不再感受那種受。這就稱為諸欲的出離。“復次,賢友,比丘作意瞋恚時,心不趣入瞋恚,不淨信,不安住,不解脫;而作意無瞋恚時,心趣入無瞋恚,淨信,安住,解脫。他的那個心是善往、善修、善出、善解脫、離繫於瞋恚的。凡是以瞋恚為緣而生起的諸漏、苦惱、熱惱,他已從其中解脫,不再感受那種受。這就稱為瞋恚的出離。“復次,賢友,比丘作意惱害時,心不趣入惱害,不淨信,不安住,不解脫;而作意無惱害時,心趣入無惱害,淨信,安住,解脫。他的那個心是善往、善修、善出、善解脫、離繫於惱害的。凡是以惱害為緣而生起的諸漏、苦惱、熱惱,他已從其中解脫,不再感受那種受。這就稱為惱害的出離。“復次,賢友,比丘作意諸色時,心不趣入諸色,不淨信,不安住,不解脫;而作意無色時,心趣入無色,淨信,安住,解脫。他的那個心是善往、善修、善出、善解脫、離繫於諸色的。凡是以諸色為緣而生起的諸漏、苦惱、熱惱,他已從其中解脫,不再感受那種受。這就稱為諸色的出離。“復次,賢友,比丘作意有身時,心不趣入有身,不淨信,不安住,不解脫;而作意有身之滅時,心趣入有身之滅,淨信,安住,解脫。他的那個心是善往、善修、善出、善解脫、離繫於有身的。凡是以有身為緣而生起的諸漏、苦惱、熱惱,他已從其中解脫,不再感受那種受。這就稱為有身的出離。這五法就是難通達的。

(八)“哪五法是應令生起的呢?五智正定——‘此定是現在樂且未來樂異熟的’,各自的智生起;‘此定是聖的、無食的’,各自的智生起;‘此定不是劣人所習的’,各自的智生起;‘此定是寂靜的、殊勝的、由止息而得的、由心專一性而證得的,不是以有行的制伏遮止而得的’,各自的智生起;‘而我正是具念地入此定、具念地出[此定]’,各自的智生起。這五法就是應令生起的。

(九)“哪五法是應證知的呢?五解脫處——賢友,在此,導師為比丘說法,或某位堪為尊重的同梵行者[為他說法]。賢友,導師或某位堪為尊重的同梵行者如何如何為比丘說法,他便如何如何於那法領受義、領受法。於他這領受義者、領受法者,愉悅生起;愉悅者,喜(pīti)生起;意有喜者,身輕安;身輕安者,感受樂(sukha);有樂者,心得定(samādhi)。這是第一解脫處。“復次,賢友,導師並不為比丘說法,也沒有某位堪為尊重的同梵行者[為他說法],而是他依所聞、依所受持,為他人廣說法。賢友,比丘如何如何依所聞、依所受持為他人廣說法,他便如何如何於那法領受義、領受法。於他這領受義者、領受法者,愉悅生起;愉悅者,喜(pīti)生起;意有喜者,身輕安;身輕安者,感受樂(sukha);有樂者,心得定(samādhi)。這是第二解脫處。“復次,賢友,導師並不為比丘說法,也沒有某位堪為尊重的同梵行者[為他說法],他也不依所聞、依所受持為他人廣說法,而是他依所聞、依所受持廣作誦習。賢友,比丘如何如何依所聞、依所受持廣作誦習,他便如何如何於那法領受義、領受法。於他這領受義者、領受法者,愉悅生起;愉悅者,喜(pīti)生起;意有喜者,身輕安;身輕安者,感受樂(sukha);有樂者,心得定(samādhi)。這是第三解脫處。“復次,賢友,導師並不為比丘說法,也沒有某位堪為尊重的同梵行者[為他說法],他也不依所聞、依所受持為他人廣說法,也不依所聞、依所受持廣作誦習,而是他依所聞、依所受持,以心隨尋、隨伺、以意隨觀察。賢友,比丘如何如何依所聞、依所受持以心隨尋、隨伺、以意隨觀察,他便如何如何於那法領受義、領受法。於他這領受義者、領受法者,愉悅生起;愉悅者,喜(pīti)生起;意有喜者,身輕安;身輕安者,感受樂(sukha);有樂者,心得定(samādhi)。這是第四解脫處。“復次,賢友,導師並不為比丘說法,也沒有某位堪為尊重的同梵行者[為他說法],他也不依所聞、依所受持為他人廣說法,也不依所聞、依所受持廣作誦習,也不依所聞、依所受持以心隨尋、隨伺、以意隨觀察,而是他善把持、善作意、善憶持、以慧善通達某一定相。賢友,比丘如何如何善把持、善作意、善憶持、以慧善通達某一定相,他便如何如何於那法領受義、領受法。於他這領受義者、領受法者,愉悅生起;愉悅者,喜(pīti)生起;意有喜者,身輕安;身輕安者,感受樂(sukha);有樂者,心得定(samādhi)。這是第五解脫處。這五法就是應證知的。

(十)“哪五法是應作證的呢?五法蘊——戒蘊、定蘊、慧蘊、解脫蘊、解脫知見蘊。這五法就是應作證的。

“如是,這五十法是真實的、如實的、如是的、不虛的、不異的,已為如來所正現等覺。

Pañca dhammā
355. ‘‘Pañca dhammā bahukārā…pe… pañca dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā bahukārā? Pañca padhāniyaṅgāni – idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Appābādho hoti appātaṅko samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya. Asaṭho hoti amāyāvī yathābhūtamattānaṃ āvīkattā satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu. Āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Ime pañca dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā bhāvetabbā? Pañcaṅgiko sammāsamādhi – pītipharaṇatā, sukhapharaṇatā, cetopharaṇatā, ālokapharaṇatā, paccavekkhaṇanimittaṃ [paccavekkhaṇānimittaṃ (syā. kaṃ.)]. Ime pañca dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā pariññeyyā? Pañcupādānakkhandhā [seyyathīdaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] – rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime pañca dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā pahātabbā? Pañca nīvaraṇāni – kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ, byāpādanīvaraṇaṃ, thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ, uddhaccakukuccanīvaraṇaṃ, vicikicchānīvaraṇaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Pañca cetokhilā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Ayaṃ paṭhamo cetokhilo. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Ayaṃ pañcamo cetokhilo. Ime pañca dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Pañcindriyāni – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Pañca nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāme manasikaroto kāmesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Nekkhammaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto nekkhamme cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ kāmehi. Ye ca kāmapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno byāpādaṃ manasikaroto byāpāde cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Abyāpādaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto abyāpāde cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ byāpādena. Ye ca byāpādapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ byāpādassa nissaraṇaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno vihesaṃ manasikaroto vihesāya cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Avihesaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto avihesāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ vihesāya. Ye ca vihesāpaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ vihesāya nissaraṇaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno rūpe manasikaroto rūpesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Arūpaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto arūpe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ rūpehi. Ye ca rūpapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno sakkāyaṃ manasikaroto sakkāye cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Sakkāyanirodhaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto sakkāyanirodhe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ sakkāyena. Ye ca sakkāyapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ sakkāyassa nissaraṇaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā uppādetabbā? Pañca ñāṇiko sammāsamādhi – ‘ayaṃ samādhi paccuppannasukho ceva āyatiñca sukhavipāko’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi ariyo nirāmiso’ti paccattaññeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi akāpurisasevito’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi santo paṇīto paṭippassaddhaladdho ekodibhāvādhigato, na sasaṅkhāraniggayhavāritagato’ti [na ca sasaṅkhāraniggayha vāritavatoti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.), na sasaṅkhāraniggayhavārivāvato (ka.), na sasaṅkhāraniggayhavāriyādhigato (?)] paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘So kho panāhaṃ imaṃ samādhiṃ satova samāpajjāmi sato vuṭṭhahāmī’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Ime pañca dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā abhiññeyyā? Pañca vimuttāyatanāni – idhāvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, tathā tathā so [bhikkhu (syā. kaṃ.)] tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti. Tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ dutiyaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti. Api ca kho, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ tatiyaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti. Api ca kho, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ catutthaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati; api ca khvassa aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammappaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammappaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ pañcamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā sacchikātabbā? Pañca dhammakkhandhā – sīlakkhandho, samādhikkhandho, paññākkhandho, vimuttikkhandho, vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandho. Ime pañca dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Iti ime paññāsa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
356PTS 3.280緬 3.237已對照

六法

“賢友們,有六法是多所作的,有六法應修習……乃至……有六法應作證。

(一)“哪六法是多所作的呢?六可念法——賢友,在此,比丘對諸同梵行者,無論於顯於隱,慈的身業都已現起,這也是一種可念法,令[人]可愛、令[人]可尊重,導向攝受、無諍、和合、一如。“復次,賢友,比丘對諸同梵行者,無論於顯於隱,慈的語業都已現起……乃至……導向一如。“復次,賢友,比丘對諸同梵行者,無論於顯於隱,慈的意業都已現起……乃至……導向一如。“復次,賢友,比丘凡是如法所得的如法利養,乃至只是缽中所受的一分,對這樣的利養也不獨自受用,而是與持戒的諸同梵行者共同受用,這也是一種可念法……乃至……導向一如。“復次,賢友,比丘對於那些無毀、無穿、無斑、無雜、自在、智者所贊、不被執取、導向定的諸戒,無論於顯於隱,都與諸同梵行者住於戒的相同,這也是一種可念法……乃至……導向一如。“復次,賢友,比丘對於那聖的、能出離的、能使行者正確盡苦的見,無論於顯於隱,都與諸同梵行者住於見的相同,這也是一種可念法,令[人]可愛、令[人]可尊重,導向攝受、無諍、和合、一如。這六法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪六法是應修習的呢?六隨念處——佛隨念、法隨念、僧隨念、戒隨念、施捨隨念、天隨念。這六法就是應修習的。

(三)“哪六法是應遍知的呢?六內處——眼處、耳處、鼻處、舌處、身處、意處。這六法就是應遍知的。

(四)“哪六法是應舍斷的呢?六愛身——色愛、聲愛、香愛、味愛、觸愛、法愛。這六法就是應舍斷的。

(五)“哪六法是屬退分的呢?六不恭敬——賢友,在此,比丘對導師不恭敬、不順從而住;對法……乃至……對僧……對學……對不放逸……對親厚不恭敬、不順從而住。這六法就是屬退分的。

(六)“哪六法是屬勝分的呢?六恭敬——賢友,在此,比丘對導師恭敬、順從而住;對法……乃至……對僧……對學……對不放逸……對親厚恭敬、順從而住。這六法就是屬勝分的。

(七)“哪六法是難通達的呢?六出離界——賢友,在此,比丘可能這樣說:‘我的慈心解脫已修習、已多作、已作車乘、已作基地、已確立、已積習、已善精勤,然而瞋恚仍然遍取我的心而住。’對他應當說:‘不要這樣[說]!尊者不要這樣說,不要誹謗世尊;誹謗世尊是不善的,世尊不會這樣說。賢友,這是無理的、不可能的——慈心解脫已修習、已多作、已作車乘、已作基地、已確立、已積習、已善精勤,而瞋恚還會遍取他的心而住,這是不可能的。賢友,瞋恚的出離正是慈心解脫。’“賢友,在此,比丘可能這樣說:‘我的悲心解脫已修習……乃至……然而惱害仍然遍取我的心而住。’對他應當說:‘不要這樣[說]!尊者不要這樣說,不要誹謗世尊……乃至……賢友,惱害的出離正是悲心解脫。’“賢友,在此,比丘可能這樣說:‘我的喜心解脫已修習……乃至……然而不樂仍然遍取我的心而住。’對他應當說:‘不要這樣[說]!尊者不要這樣說,不要誹謗世尊……乃至……賢友,不樂的出離正是喜心解脫。’“賢友,在此,比丘可能這樣說:‘我的舍心解脫已修習……乃至……然而貪仍然遍取我的心而住。’對他應當說:‘不要這樣[說]!尊者不要這樣說,不要誹謗世尊……乃至……賢友,貪的出離正是舍心解脫。’“賢友,在此,比丘可能這樣說:‘我的無相心解脫已修習……乃至……然而我的識仍然隨逐於相。’對他應當說:‘不要這樣[說]!尊者不要這樣說,不要誹謗世尊……乃至……賢友,一切相的出離正是無相心解脫。’“賢友,在此,比丘可能這樣說:‘我的“我是”已經離去,我也不認為“我就是這個”,然而疑惑與猶豫之箭仍然遍取我的心而住。’對他應當說:‘不要這樣[說]!尊者不要這樣說,不要誹謗世尊;誹謗世尊是不善的,世尊不會這樣說。賢友,這是無理的、不可能的——“我是”已經離去、不認為“我就是這個”,而疑惑與猶豫之箭還會遍取他的心而住,這是不可能的。賢友,疑惑與猶豫之箭的出離正是我慢的根除。’這六法就是難通達的。

(八)“哪六法是應令生起的呢?六恆住——賢友,在此,比丘以眼見色後,既不喜悅也不憂,住於舍,具念、正知;以耳聞聲後……乃至……以鼻嗅香後……以舌嘗味後……以身觸所觸後……以意識法後,既不喜悅也不憂,住於舍,具念、正知。這六法就是應令生起的。

(九)“哪六法是應證知的呢?六無上——見無上、聞無上、得無上、學無上、承事無上、隨念無上。這六法就是應證知的。

(十)“哪六法是應作證的呢?六證智(abhiññā)——賢友,在此,比丘體驗多種神變:一身能變成多身,多身能合成一身;或顯現,或隱沒;穿越牆壁、垣牆、山嶽,無所障礙,猶如在虛空中;出沒於大地之中,猶如在水中;在水上行走而不沉沒,猶如在地上;在虛空中結跏趺坐而行,猶如有翼之鳥;甚至以手觸摸、撫摸有如此大神力、大威德的日月;以身自在通行,直到梵天界。“他以清淨、超人的天耳界,聽見天的與人的兩種聲音,無論遠的還是近的。“他以自己的心遍知其他眾生、其他人的心:有貪的心,了知為‘有貪的心’……乃至……未解脫的心,了知為‘未解脫的心’。“他回憶起許多種宿住,即:一生……乃至……如此,他回憶起具有行相、具有細節的許多種宿住。“他以清淨、超人的天眼,看見眾生的死亡與投生:或低賤或高貴,或美麗或醜陋,或善趣或惡趣,了知眾生隨業而去……乃至……“他以諸漏的滅盡,就在現法中自己以證智證知無漏的心解脫(cetovimutti)、慧解脫(paññāvimutti),成就並住。這六法就是應作證的。

“如是,這六十法是真實的、如實的、如是的、不虛的、不異的,已為如來所正現等覺。

Cha dhammā
356. ‘‘Cha dhammā bahukārā…pe… cha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame cha dhammā bahukārā? Cha sāraṇīyā dhammā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ manokammaṃ…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu ye te lābhā dhammikā dhammaladdhā antamaso pattapariyāpannamattampi, tathārūpehi lābhehi appaṭivibhattabhogī hoti sīlavantehi sabrahmacārīhi sādhāraṇabhogī, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu, yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni, tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya, tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhi sāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo, saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati. Ime cha dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā bhāvetabbā? Cha anussatiṭṭhānāni – buddhānussati, dhammānussati, saṅghānussati, sīlānussati, cāgānussati, devatānussati. Ime cha dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame cha dhammā pariññeyyā? Cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni – cakkhāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, manāyatanaṃ. Ime cha dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā pahātabbā? Cha taṇhākāyā – rūpataṇhā, saddataṇhā, gandhataṇhā, rasataṇhā, phoṭṭhabbataṇhā, dhammataṇhā. Ime cha dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame cha dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Cha agāravā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe… sikkhāya… appamāde… paṭisanthāre agāravo viharati appatisso. Ime cha dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame cha dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Cha gāravā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari sagāravo viharati sappatisso dhamme…pe… saṅghe… sikkhāya… appamāde… paṭisanthāre sagāravo viharati sappatisso. Ime cha dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Cha nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – idhāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘mettā hi kho me, cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, atha ca pana me byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ āvuso anavakāso yaṃ mettāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya. Atha ca panassa byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, byāpādassa, yadidaṃ mettācetovimuttī’ti.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘karuṇā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me vihesā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo, ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vihesāya, yadidaṃ karuṇācetovimuttī’ti.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘muditā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me arati cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso aratiyā, yadidaṃ muditācetovimuttī’ti.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘upekkhā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me rāgo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, rāgassa yadidaṃ upekkhācetovimuttī’ti.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘animittā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me nimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ hotī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, sabbanimittānaṃ yadidaṃ animittā cetovimuttī’ti.
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘asmīti kho me vigataṃ, ayamahamasmīti na samanupassāmi, atha ca pana me vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso yaṃ asmīti vigate ayamahamasmīti asamanupassato. Atha ca panassa vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallassa, yadidaṃ asmimānasamugghāṭo’ti. Ime cha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame cha dhammā uppādetabbā? Cha satatavihārā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Ime cha dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā abhiññeyyā? Cha anuttariyāni – dassanānuttariyaṃ, savanānuttariyaṃ, lābhānuttariyaṃ, sikkhānuttariyaṃ, pāricariyānuttariyaṃ, anussatānuttariyaṃ. Ime cha dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame cha dhammā sacchikātabbā? Cha abhiññā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti. Āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ. Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāse. Pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti seyyathāpi udake. Udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ. Ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo. Imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjati. Yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
‘‘Dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāti dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike ca.
‘‘Parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti [jānāti (syā. kaṃ.)], sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti …pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāti.
‘‘So anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ ekampi jātiṃ…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
‘‘Dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti …pe…
‘‘Āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ime cha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Iti ime saṭṭhi dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
357PTS 3.282緬 3.241已對照

七法

“賢友們,有七法是多所作的,有七法應修習……乃至……有七法應作證。

(一)“哪七法是多所作的呢?七聖財——信財、戒財、慚財、愧財、聞財、施捨財、慧財。這七法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪七法是應修習的呢?七覺支——念覺支、擇法覺支、精進覺支、喜覺支、輕安覺支、定覺支、舍覺支。這七法就是應修習的。

(三)“哪七法是應遍知的呢?七識住——賢友,有眾生身有種種、想有種種,譬如人、一部分諸天、一部分墮處者——這是第一識住。“賢友,有眾生身有種種而想同一,譬如最初生起的梵身天(brahmakāyika)諸天——這是第二識住。“賢友,有眾生身同一而想有種種,譬如光音天(Ābhassara)諸天——這是第三識住。“賢友,有眾生身同一、想亦同一,譬如遍淨天(Subhakiṇha)諸天——這是第四識住。“賢友,有眾生完全超越色想……乃至……[知]‘虛空是無邊的’,到達空無邊處——這是第五識住。“賢友,有眾生完全超越空無邊處,[知]‘識是無邊的’,到達識無邊處——這是第六識住。“賢友,有眾生完全超越識無邊處,[知]‘什麼都沒有’,到達無所有處——這是第七識住。這七法就是應遍知的。

(四)“哪七法是應舍斷的呢?七隨眠——欲貪隨眠、瞋恚隨眠、見隨眠、疑隨眠、慢隨眠、有貪隨眠、無明隨眠。這七法就是應舍斷的。

(五)“哪七法是屬退分的呢?七非正法——賢友,在此,比丘是無信者、無慚者、無愧者、少聞者、懈怠者、失念者、劣慧者。這七法就是屬退分的。

(六)“哪七法是屬勝分的呢?七正法——賢友,在此,比丘是有信者、有慚者、有愧者、多聞者、發起精進者、念已現起者、有慧者。這七法就是屬勝分的。

(七)“哪七法是難通達的呢?七善士法——賢友,在此,比丘是知法者、知義者、知自者、知量者、知時者、知眾者、知人者。這七法就是難通達的。

(八)“哪七法是應令生起的呢?七想——無常想、無我想、不淨想、過患想、舍斷想、離貪想、滅想。這七法就是應令生起的。

(九)“哪七法是應證知的呢?七無十事(niddasavatthu)——賢友,在此,比丘對受持學處有強烈的欲,將來對受持學處也愛戀未離。對法的審察有強烈的欲,將來對法的審察也愛戀未離。對欲的調伏有強烈的欲,將來對欲的調伏也愛戀未離。對宴默有強烈的欲,將來對宴默也愛戀未離。對發起精進有強烈的欲,將來對發起精進也愛戀未離。對念與審慎有強烈的欲,將來對念與審慎也愛戀未離。對見的通達有強烈的欲,將來對見的通達也愛戀未離。這七法就是應證知的。

(十)“哪七法是應作證的呢?七漏盡[比丘]力——賢友,在此,漏盡比丘以正慧如實善見一切行是無常的。賢友,漏盡比丘以正慧如實善見一切行是無常的——這也是漏盡比丘的力,漏盡比丘依此力宣稱諸漏的滅盡:‘我的諸漏已盡。’“復次,賢友,漏盡比丘以正慧如實善見諸欲猶如火炭坑。賢友,……乃至……——這也是漏盡比丘的力,漏盡比丘依此力宣稱諸漏的滅盡:‘我的諸漏已盡。’“復次,賢友,漏盡比丘的心傾向遠離、趨向遠離、朝向遠離、住立於遠離、樂於出離,完全脫離一切屬於漏住的諸法。賢友,……乃至……——這也是漏盡比丘的力,漏盡比丘依此力宣稱諸漏的滅盡:‘我的諸漏已盡。’“復次,賢友,漏盡比丘已修習、已善修習四念處。賢友,……乃至……——這也是漏盡比丘的力,漏盡比丘依此力宣稱諸漏的滅盡:‘我的諸漏已盡。’“復次,賢友,漏盡比丘已修習、已善修習五根。賢友,……乃至……——這也是漏盡比丘的力,漏盡比丘依此力宣稱諸漏的滅盡:‘我的諸漏已盡。’“復次,賢友,漏盡比丘已修習、已善修習七覺支。賢友,……乃至……——這也是漏盡比丘的力,漏盡比丘依此力宣稱諸漏的滅盡:‘我的諸漏已盡。’“復次,賢友,漏盡比丘已修習、已善修習八支聖道。賢友,漏盡比丘已修習、已善修習八支聖道——這也是漏盡比丘的力,漏盡比丘依此力宣稱諸漏的滅盡:‘我的諸漏已盡。’這七法就是應作證的。

“如是,這七十法是真實的、如實的、如是的、不虛的、不異的,已為如來所正現等覺。

第一誦分終。

Satta dhammā
357. ‘‘Satta dhammā bahukārā…pe… satta dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame satta dhammā bahukārā? Satta ariyadhanāni – saddhādhanaṃ, sīladhanaṃ, hiridhanaṃ, ottappadhanaṃ, sutadhanaṃ, cāgadhanaṃ, paññādhanaṃ. Ime satta dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā bhāvetabbā? Satta sambojjhaṅgā – satisambojjhaṅgo, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo, pītisambojjhaṅgo, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, samādhisambojjhaṅgo, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo. Ime satta dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame satta dhammā pariññeyyā? Satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo – santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā. Ayaṃ dutiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ tatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ catutthī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ pañcamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ chaṭṭhī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ sattamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti. Ime satta dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā pahātabbā? Sattānusayā – kāmarāgānusayo, paṭighānusayo, diṭṭhānusayo, vicikicchānusayo, mānānusayo, bhavarāgānusayo, avijjānusayo. Ime satta dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame satta dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Satta asaddhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, appassuto hoti, kusīto hoti, muṭṭhassati hoti, duppañño hoti. Ime satta dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame satta dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Satta saddhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, hirimā [hiriko (syā. kaṃ.)] hoti, ottappī hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, upaṭṭhitassati hoti, paññavā hoti. Ime satta dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Satta sappurisadhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu dhammaññū ca hoti atthaññū ca attaññū ca mattaññū ca kālaññū ca parisaññū ca puggalaññū ca. Ime satta dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame satta dhammā uppādetabbā? Satta saññā – aniccasaññā, anattasaññā, asubhasaññā, ādīnavasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā. Ime satta dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā abhiññeyyā? Satta niddasavatthūni – idhāvuso, bhikkhu sikkhāsamādāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca sikkhāsamādāne avigatapemo. Dhammanisantiyā tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca dhammanisantiyā avigatapemo. Icchāvinaye tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca icchāvinaye avigatapemo. Paṭisallāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca paṭisallāne avigatapemo. Vīriyāramme tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca vīriyāramme avigatapemo. Satinepakke tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca satinepakke avigatapemo. Diṭṭhipaṭivedhe tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca diṭṭhipaṭivedhe avigatapemo. Ime satta dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame satta dhammā sacchikātabbā? Satta khīṇāsavabalāni – idhāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aniccato sabbe saṅkhārā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti. Yaṃpāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aniccato sabbe saṅkhārā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti, idampi khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno balaṃ hoti, yaṃ balaṃ āgamma khīṇāsavo bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayaṃ paṭijānāti – ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aṅgārakāsūpamā kāmā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno vivekaninnaṃ cittaṃ hoti vivekapoṇaṃ vivekapabbhāraṃ vivekaṭṭhaṃ nekkhammābhirataṃ byantībhūtaṃ sabbaso āsavaṭṭhāniyehi dhammehi. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā honti subhāvitā. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno pañcindriyāni bhāvitāni honti subhāvitāni. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvitā honti subhāvitā. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvito hoti subhāvito. Yaṃpāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvito hoti subhāvito, idampi khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno balaṃ hoti, yaṃ balaṃ āgamma khīṇāsavo bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayaṃ paṭijānāti – ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti. Ime satta dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Itime sattati dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.
358PTS 3.285緬 3.244已對照

八法

“賢友們,有八法是多所作的,有八法應修習……乃至……有八法應作證。

(一)“哪八法是多所作的呢?八因、八緣能使未得的梵行之初的慧得以獲得,使已得的[慧]增多、廣大、由修習而圓滿。是哪八[因緣]呢?賢友,在此,比丘依止導師或某位堪為尊重的同梵行者而住,對他有強烈的慚愧現起,且有愛與恭敬。這是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以獲得、使已得的[慧]增多、廣大、由修習而圓滿的第一因、第一緣。“他依止那位導師或某位堪為尊重的同梵行者而住,對他有強烈的慚愧現起,且有愛與恭敬;他時時前往請問、發問:‘尊者,這是怎樣?這是什麼義?’那些具壽便為他開顯未開顯的,明瞭未明瞭的,並於種種可疑之處除遣其疑。這是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以獲得、使已得的[慧]增多、廣大、由修習而圓滿的第二因、第二緣。“他聽聞那法之後,以身遠離與心遠離二種遠離而成就。這是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以獲得、使已得的[慧]增多、廣大、由修習而圓滿的第三因、第三緣。“復次,賢友,比丘具戒,以波羅提木叉(pātimokkha)律儀防護而住,具足正行與行處,於微細的罪過也見怖畏,受持學處(sikkhāpada)而學習。這是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以獲得、使已得的[慧]增多、廣大、由修習而圓滿的第四因、第四緣。“復次,賢友,比丘是多聞者、憶持所聞者、積集所聞者。凡是那些初善、中善、後善的,具足義理與文句的,顯示完全圓滿、遍淨的梵行的法,他對這樣的諸法多聞、憶持、以語熟習、以意隨觀察、以見善通達。這是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以獲得、使已得的[慧]增多、廣大、由修習而圓滿的第五因、第五緣。“復次,賢友,比丘為舍斷諸不善法、為成就諸善法而住於發起精進,有力、堅固勇猛,於諸善法不放下[重]擔。這是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以獲得、使已得的[慧]增多、廣大、由修習而圓滿的第六因、第六緣。“復次,賢友,比丘是具念者,具足最上的念與審慎,對久遠以前所作的、久遠以前所說的也能憶念、隨念。這是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以獲得、使已得的[慧]增多、廣大、由修習而圓滿的第七因、第七緣。“復次,賢友,比丘於五取蘊隨觀生滅而住:‘色是如此,色的集起是如此,色的滅沒是如此;受是如此,受的集起是如此,受的滅沒是如此;想是如此,想的集起是如此,想的滅沒是如此;行是如此,行的集起是如此,行的滅沒是如此;識是如此,識的集起是如此,識的滅沒是如此。’這是使未得的梵行之初的慧得以獲得、使已得的[慧]增多、廣大、由修習而圓滿的第八因、第八緣。這八法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪八法是應修習的呢?八支聖道,即:正見、正思惟、正語、正業、正命、正精進、正念、正定。這八法就是應修習的。

(三)“哪八法是應遍知的呢?八世間法——得、不得、名聲、無名聲、毀、贊、樂、苦。這八法就是應遍知的。

(四)“哪八法是應舍斷的呢?八邪性——邪見、邪思惟、邪語、邪業、邪命、邪精進、邪念、邪定。這八法就是應舍斷的。

(五)“哪八法是屬退分的呢?八懈怠事——賢友,在此,比丘有工作應當做。他這樣想:‘我將有工作要做;而我做工作時身體會疲勞,我還是躺下吧!’於是他躺下,不發起精進,以達到未達到的、證得未證得的、作證未作證的。這是第一懈怠事。“復次,賢友,比丘已做完工作。他這樣想:‘我做了工作;而我做工作時身體已疲勞,我還是躺下吧!’於是他躺下,不發起精進,以達到未達到的、證得未證得的、作證未作證的……乃至……這是第二懈怠事。“復次,賢友,比丘有路應當走。他這樣想:‘我將有路要走;而我走路時身體會疲勞,我還是躺下吧!’於是他躺下,不發起精進,以達到未達到的、證得未證得的、作證未作證的……乃至……這是第三懈怠事。“復次,賢友,比丘已走完路。他這樣想:‘我走了路;而我走路時身體已疲勞,我還是躺下吧!’於是他躺下,不發起精進,以達到未達到的、證得未證得的、作證未作證的……乃至……這是第四懈怠事。“復次,賢友,比丘到村落或市鎮乞食,沒有得到粗的或細的食物足量的滿足。他這樣想:‘我到村落或市鎮乞食,沒有得到粗的或細的食物足量的滿足;因此我的身體疲勞、不堪作業,我還是躺下吧!’於是他躺下,不發起精進,以達到未達到的、證得未證得的、作證未作證的……乃至……這是第五懈怠事。“復次,賢友,比丘到村落或市鎮乞食,得到了粗的或細的食物足量的滿足。他這樣想:‘我到村落或市鎮乞食,得到了粗的或細的食物足量的滿足;因此我的身體沉重、不堪作業,簡直像堆滿了豆子,我還是躺下吧!’於是他躺下,不發起精進,以達到未達到的、證得未證得的、作證未作證的……乃至……這是第六懈怠事。“復次,賢友,比丘生起了輕微的病。他這樣想:‘我生起了這輕微的病;躺下是有理由的,我還是躺下吧!’於是他躺下,不發起精進,以達到未達到的、證得未證得的、作證未作證的……乃至……這是第七懈怠事。“復次,賢友,比丘剛從病中起身,病癒不久。他這樣想:‘我剛從病中起身,病癒不久;因此我的身體虛弱、不堪作業,我還是躺下吧!’於是他躺下……乃至……這是第八懈怠事。這八法就是屬退分的。

(六)“哪八法是屬勝分的呢?八發勤事——賢友,在此,比丘有工作應當做。他這樣想:‘我將有工作要做;而我做工作時不易作意諸佛的教說,我還是發起精進,以達到未達到的、證得未證得的、作證未作證的吧!’於是他發起精進,以達到未達到的、證得未證得的、作證未作證的。這是第一發勤事。“復次,賢友,比丘已做完工作。他這樣想:‘我做了工作;而我做工作時未能作意諸佛的教說,我還是發起精進吧……乃至……’於是他發起精進……這是第二發勤事。“復次,賢友,比丘有路應當走。他這樣想:‘我將有路要走;而我走路時不易作意諸佛的教說,我還是發起精進吧……乃至……’於是他發起精進……這是第三發勤事。“復次,賢友,比丘已走完路。他這樣想:‘我走了路;而我走路時未能作意諸佛的教說,我還是發起精進吧……乃至……’於是他發起精進……這是第四發勤事。“復次,賢友,比丘到村落或市鎮乞食,沒有得到粗的或細的食物足量的滿足。他這樣想:‘我到村落或市鎮乞食,沒有得到粗的或細的食物足量的滿足;因此我的身體輕快、堪於作業,我還是發起精進吧……乃至……’於是他發起精進……這是第五發勤事。“復次,賢友,比丘到村落或市鎮乞食,得到了粗的或細的食物足量的滿足。他這樣想:‘我到村落或市鎮乞食,得到了粗的或細的食物足量的滿足;因此我的身體強健、堪於作業,我還是發起精進吧……乃至……’於是他發起精進……這是第六發勤事。“復次,賢友,比丘生起了輕微的病。他這樣想:‘我生起了這輕微的病;而這是可能的——我的病會加重,我還是發起精進吧……乃至……’於是他發起精進……這是第七發勤事。“復次,賢友,比丘剛從病中起身,病癒不久。他這樣想:‘我剛從病中起身,病癒不久;而這是可能的——我的病會復發,我還是發起精進,以達到未達到的、證得未證得的、作證未作證的吧!’於是他發起精進,以達到未達到的、證得未證得的、作證未作證的。這是第八發勤事。這八法就是屬勝分的。

(七)“哪八法是難通達的呢?八種梵行住的非時、非機——賢友,在此,如來出現於世,是阿羅漢、正等正覺者,法被宣說——[那是]導向寂止的、導向般涅槃的、導向正覺的、善逝所宣說的;而這個人卻往生地獄。這是梵行住的第一非時、非機。“復次,賢友,如來出現於世,是阿羅漢、正等正覺者,法被宣說——[那是]導向寂止的、導向般涅槃的、導向正覺的、善逝所宣說的;而這個人卻往生畜生胎。這是梵行住的第二非時、非機。“復次……乃至……而往生餓鬼界。這是梵行住的第三非時、非機。“復次……乃至……而往生某一長壽的天眾。這是梵行住的第四非時、非機。“復次……乃至……而生在邊地諸國的蔑戾車(milakkha)中、無識者中——那裡沒有比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷的行處。這是梵行住的第五非時、非機。“復次……乃至……而這個人生在中部諸國;然而他是邪見者、有顛倒之見者——‘沒有布施,沒有供養(yiṭṭha),沒有祭祀(huta);沒有善作、惡作之業的果與異熟(vipāka);沒有此世,沒有他世;沒有母,沒有父;沒有化生的眾生(opapātika);世間沒有正行的、正行道的沙門、婆羅門,自己以通智證知此世與他世之後加以宣說。’這是梵行住的第六非時、非機。“復次……乃至……而這個人生在中部諸國;然而他是劣慧者、愚鈍者、聾啞[般]者,不堪了知善說與惡說之義。這是梵行住的第七非時、非機。“復次……乃至……而這個人生在中部諸國;他是有慧者、不愚鈍者、不聾啞[般]者,堪於了知善說與惡說之義。這是梵行住的第八非時、非機。這八法就是難通達的。

(八)“哪八法是應令生起的呢?八大丈夫尋——‘此法是少欲者的,此法不是多欲者的;此法是知足者的,此法不是不知足者的;此法是遠離者的,此法不是喜好聚眾者的;此法是發起精進者的,此法不是懈怠者的;此法是念已現起者的,此法不是失念者的;此法是得定者的,此法不是不得定者的;此法是有慧者的,此法不是劣慧者的;此法是無妄衍者的,此法不是喜好妄衍者的。’這八法就是應令生起的。

(九)“哪八法是應證知的呢?八勝處——內有色想者見外諸色,是少的、美色的與醜色的,作這樣的想:‘我勝過它們而知、而見。’這是第一勝處。“內有色想者見外諸色,是無量的、美色的與醜色的,作這樣的想:‘我勝過它們而知、而見。’這是第二勝處。“內無色想者見外諸色,是少的、美色的與醜色的,作這樣的想:‘我勝過它們而知、而見。’這是第三勝處。“內無色想者見外諸色,是無量的、美色的與醜色的,作這樣的想:‘我勝過它們而知、而見。’這是第四勝處。“內無色想者見外諸色,是青的、青色的、青所顯的、青光的。猶如亞麻花(umā),是青的、青色的、青所顯的、青光的;又如那波羅奈所產、兩面磨光的布,是青的、青色的、青所顯的、青光的。同樣地,內無色想者見外諸色,是青的、青色的、青所顯的、青光的,作這樣的想:‘我勝過它們而知、而見。’這是第五勝處。“內無色想者見外諸色,是黃的、黃色的、黃所顯的、黃光的。猶如迦尼迦羅花(kaṇikāra),是黃的、黃色的、黃所顯的、黃光的;又如那波羅奈所產、兩面磨光的布,是黃的、黃色的、黃所顯的、黃光的。同樣地,內無色想者見外諸色,是黃的、黃色的、黃所顯的、黃光的,作這樣的想:‘我勝過它們而知、而見。’這是第六勝處。“內無色想者見外諸色,是赤的、赤色的、赤所顯的、赤光的。猶如朱槿花(bandhujīvaka),是赤的、赤色的、赤所顯的、赤光的;又如那波羅奈所產、兩面磨光的布,是赤的、赤色的、赤所顯的、赤光的。同樣地,內無色想者見外諸色,是赤的、赤色的、赤所顯的、赤光的,作這樣的想:‘我勝過它們而知、而見。’這是第七勝處。“內無色想者見外諸色,是白的、白色的、白所顯的、白光的。猶如太白星(osadhitārakā),是白的、白色的、白所顯的、白光的;又如那波羅奈所產、兩面磨光的布,是白的、白色的、白所顯的、白光的。同樣地,內無色想者見外諸色,是白的、白色的、白所顯的、白光的,作這樣的想:‘我勝過它們而知、而見。’這是第八勝處。這八法就是應證知的。

(十)“哪八法是應作證的呢?八解脫——有色者見諸色,這是第一解脫。“內無色想者見外諸色,這是第二解脫。“唯勝解為‘淨’,這是第三解脫。“完全超越色想,有對想滅沒,不作意種種想,[知]‘虛空是無邊的’,成就並住於空無邊處,這是第四解脫。“完全超越空無邊處,[知]‘識是無邊的’,成就並住於識無邊處,這是第五解脫。“完全超越識無邊處,[知]‘什麼都沒有’,成就並住於無所有處,這是第六解脫。“完全超越無所有處,成就並住於非想非非想處,這是第七解脫。“完全超越非想非非想處,成就並住於想受滅(saññāvedayitanirodha),這是第八解脫。這八法就是應作證的。

“如是,這八十法是真實的、如實的、如是的、不虛的、不異的,已為如來所正現等覺。

Aṭṭha dhammā
358. ‘‘Aṭṭha dhammā bahukārā…pe… aṭṭha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā bahukārā? Aṭṭha hetū aṭṭha paccayā ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattanti. Katame aṭṭha? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthāraṃ [satthāraṃ vā (syā. ka.)] upanissāya viharati aññataraṃ vā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ sabrahmacāriṃ, yatthassa tibbaṃ hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti pemañca gāravo ca. Ayaṃ paṭhamo hetu paṭhamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya. Paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Taṃ kho pana satthāraṃ upanissāya viharati aññataraṃ vā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ sabrahmacāriṃ, yatthassa tibbaṃ hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti pemañca gāravo ca. Te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati – ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ? Imassa ko attho’ti? Tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānī [anuttānikatañca uttāniṃ (ka.)] karonti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Ayaṃ dutiyo hetu dutiyo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya, vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Taṃ kho pana dhammaṃ sutvā dvayena vūpakāsena sampādeti – kāyavūpakāsena ca cittavūpakāsena ca. Ayaṃ tatiyo hetu tatiyo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayaṃ catuttho hetu catuttho paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo. Ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthā sabyañjanā kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā. Ayaṃ pañcamo hetu pañcamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho hetu chaṭṭho paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu satimā hoti paramena satinepakkena samannāgato. Cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā. Ayaṃ sattamo hetu sattamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu, udayabbayānupassī viharati – ‘iti rūpaṃ iti rūpassa samudayo iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā iti vedanāya samudayo iti vedanāya atthaṅgamo; iti saññā iti saññāya samudayo iti saññāya atthaṅgamo; iti saṅkhārā iti saṅkhārānaṃ samudayo iti saṅkhārānaṃ atthaṅgamo; iti viññāṇaṃ iti viññāṇassa samudayo iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo hetu aṭṭhamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati. Ime aṭṭha dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā bhāvetabbā? Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi. Ime aṭṭha dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā pariññeyyā? Aṭṭha lokadhammā – lābho ca, alābho ca, yaso ca, ayaso ca, nindā ca, pasaṃsā ca, sukhañca, dukkhañca. Ime aṭṭha dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā pahātabbā? Aṭṭha micchattā – micchādiṭṭhi, micchāsaṅkappo, micchāvācā, micchākammanto, micchāājīvo, micchāvāyāmo, micchāsati, micchāsamādhi. Ime aṭṭha dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Aṭṭha kusītavatthūni. Idhāvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘kammaṃ kho me kātabbaṃ bhavissati, kammaṃ kho pana me karontassa kāyo kilamissati, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho kammaṃ akāsiṃ, kammaṃ kho pana me karontassa kāyo kilanto, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati…pe… idaṃ dutiyaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gantabbo hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘maggo kho me gantabbo bhavissati, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantassa kāyo kilamissati, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati…pe… idaṃ tatiyaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gato hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho maggaṃ agamāsiṃ, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantassa kāyo kilanto, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati…pe… idaṃ catutthaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto na labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto nālatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, tassa me kāyo kilanto akammañño, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti…pe… idaṃ pañcamaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto alatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, tassa me kāyo garuko akammañño, māsācitaṃ maññe, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati…pe… idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno uppanno hoti appamattako ābādho, tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ appamattako ābādho atthi kappo nipajjituṃ, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati…pe… idaṃ sattamaṃ kusītavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gilānāvuṭṭhito hoti aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gilānāvuṭṭhito aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Tassa me kāyo dubbalo akammañño, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati…pe… idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ kusītavatthu. Ime aṭṭha dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Aṭṭha ārambhavatthūni. Idhāvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘kammaṃ kho me kātabbaṃ bhavissati, kammaṃ kho pana me karontena na sukaraṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’ti. So vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho kammaṃ akāsiṃ, kammaṃ kho panāhaṃ karonto nāsakkhiṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ dutiyaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gantabbo hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘maggo kho me gantabbo bhavissati, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantena na sukaraṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ tatiyaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gato hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho maggaṃ agamāsiṃ, maggaṃ kho panāhaṃ gacchanto nāsakkhiṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ catutthaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto na labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto nālatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, tassa me kāyo lahuko kammañño, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ pañcamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto alatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa me kāyo balavā kammañño, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno uppanno hoti appamattako ābādho. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ appamattako ābādho ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ me ābādho pavaḍḍheyya, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ sattamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gilānā vuṭṭhito hoti aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gilānā vuṭṭhito aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ me ābādho paccudāvatteyya, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’ti. So vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ ārambhavatthu. Ime aṭṭha dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Aṭṭha akkhaṇā asamayā brahmacariyavāsāya. Idhāvuso, tathāgato ca loke uppanno hoti arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca desiyati opasamiko parinibbāniko sambodhagāmī sugatappavedito. Ayañca puggalo nirayaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ paṭhamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, tathāgato ca loke uppanno hoti arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca desiyati opasamiko parinibbāniko sambodhagāmī sugatappavedito, ayañca puggalo tiracchānayoniṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ dutiyo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… pettivisayaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ tatiyo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… aññataraṃ dīghāyukaṃ devanikāyaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ catuttho akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… paccantimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti milakkhesu aviññātāresu, yattha natthi gati bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ upāsakānaṃ upāsikānaṃ. Ayaṃ pañcamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… ayañca puggalo majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti, so ca hoti micchādiṭṭhiko viparītadassano – ‘natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, natthi ayaṃ loko, natthi paro loko, natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… ayañca puggalo majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti, so ca hoti duppañño jaḷo eḷamūgo, nappaṭibalo subhāsitadubbhāsitānamatthamaññātuṃ. Ayaṃ sattamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… ayañca puggalo majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti, so ca hoti paññavā ajaḷo aneḷamūgo, paṭibalo subhāsitadubbhāsitānamatthamaññātuṃ. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya. Ime aṭṭha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā uppādetabbā? Aṭṭha mahāpurisavitakkā – appicchassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo mahicchassa. Santuṭṭhassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo asantuṭṭhassa. Pavivittassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo saṅgaṇikārāmassa. Āraddhavīriyassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo kusītassa. Upaṭṭhitasatissāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo muṭṭhassatissa. Samāhitassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo asamāhitassa. Paññavato [paññāvato (sī. pī.)] ayaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo duppaññassa. Nippapañcassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo papañcārāmassāti [nippapañcārāmassa ayaṃ dhammo nippapañcaratino, nāyaṃ dhammo papañcārāmassa papañcaratinoti (sī. syā. pī.) aṅguttarepi tatheva dissati. aṭṭhakathāṭīkā pana oloketabbā] ime aṭṭha dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā abhiññeyyā? Aṭṭha abhibhāyatanāni – ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ dutiyaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ tatiyaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ catutthaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati nīlāni nīlavaṇṇāni nīlanidassanāni nīlanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma umāpupphaṃ nīlaṃ nīlavaṇṇaṃ nīlanidassanaṃ nīlanibhāsaṃ. Seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ nīlaṃ nīlavaṇṇaṃ nīlanidassanaṃ nīlanibhāsaṃ, evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati nīlāni nīlavaṇṇāni nīlanidassanāni nīlanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ pañcamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati pītāni pītavaṇṇāni pītanidassanāni pītanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma kaṇikārapupphaṃ pītaṃ pītavaṇṇaṃ pītanidassanaṃ pītanibhāsaṃ. Seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ pītaṃ pītavaṇṇaṃ pītanidassanaṃ pītanibhāsaṃ, evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati pītāni pītavaṇṇāni pītanidassanāni pītanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati lohitakāni lohitakavaṇṇāni lohitakanidassanāni lohitakanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma bandhujīvakapupphaṃ lohitakaṃ lohitakavaṇṇaṃ lohitakanidassanaṃ lohitakanibhāsaṃ, seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ lohitakaṃ lohitakavaṇṇaṃ lohitakanidassanaṃ lohitakanibhāsaṃ, evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati lohitakāni lohitakavaṇṇāni lohitakanidassanāni lohitakanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ sattamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati odātāni odātavaṇṇāni odātanidassanāni odātanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma osadhitārakā odātā odātavaṇṇā odātanidassanā odātanibhāsā, seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ odātaṃ odātavaṇṇaṃ odātanidassanaṃ odātanibhāsaṃ, evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati odātāni odātavaṇṇāni odātanidassanāni odātanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ. Ime aṭṭha dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā sacchikātabbā? Aṭṭha vimokkhā – rūpī rūpāni passati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo vimokkho.
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati. Ayaṃ dutiyo vimokkho.
‘‘Subhanteva adhimutto hoti. Ayaṃ tatiyo vimokkho.
‘‘Sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ catuttho vimokkho.
‘‘Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ pañcamo vimokkho.
‘‘Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho vimokkho.
‘‘Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ sattamo vimokkho.
‘‘Sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo vimokkho. Ime aṭṭha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Iti ime asīti dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
359PTS 3.289緬 3.253已對照

九法

“賢友們,有九法是多所作的,有九法應修習……乃至……有九法應作證。

(一)“哪九法是多所作的呢?九種以如理作意為根本的法——如理作意者,愉悅生起;愉悅者,喜生起;意有喜者,身輕安;身輕安者,感受樂;有樂者,心得定;心得定者,如實知見;如實知見者,厭離;厭離者,離貪;由離貪而解脫。這九法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪九法是應修習的呢?九清淨勤支——戒清淨是清淨勤支,心清淨是清淨勤支,見清淨是清淨勤支,度疑清淨是清淨勤支,道非道智見清淨是清淨勤支,行道智見清淨是清淨勤支,智見清淨是清淨勤支,慧清淨是清淨勤支,解脫清淨是清淨勤支。這九法就是應修習的。

(三)“哪九法是應遍知的呢?九眾生居——賢友,有眾生身有種種、想有種種,譬如人、一部分諸天、一部分墮處者——這是第一眾生居。“賢友,有眾生身有種種而想同一,譬如最初生起的梵身天(brahmakāyika)諸天——這是第二眾生居。“賢友,有眾生身同一而想有種種,譬如光音天(Ābhassara)諸天——這是第三眾生居。“賢友,有眾生身同一、想亦同一,譬如遍淨天(Subhakiṇha)諸天——這是第四眾生居。“賢友,有眾生是無想的、無所領受的,譬如無想眾生(asaññasatta)諸天——這是第五眾生居。“賢友,有眾生完全超越色想,有對想滅沒,不作意種種想,[知]‘虛空是無邊的’,到達空無邊處——這是第六眾生居。“賢友,有眾生完全超越空無邊處,[知]‘識是無邊的’,到達識無邊處——這是第七眾生居。“賢友,有眾生完全超越識無邊處,[知]‘什麼都沒有’,到達無所有處——這是第八眾生居。“賢友,有眾生完全超越無所有處,到達非想非非想處——這是第九眾生居。這九法就是應遍知的。

(四)“哪九法是應舍斷的呢?九種以愛為根本的法——緣於愛而有遍求,緣於遍求而有獲得,緣於獲得而有抉擇,緣於抉擇而有欲貪,緣於欲貪而有耽著,緣於耽著而有佔有,緣於佔有而有慳吝,緣於慳吝而有守護;因守護之故,便有執杖、執刀、爭吵、爭執、諍論、爾汝相斥、離間語、虛妄語等種種惡不善法生起。這九法就是應舍斷的。

(五)“哪九法是屬退分的呢?九怨恨事——[想]‘他曾對我作無益’而結怨恨;[想]‘他正對我作無益’而結怨恨;[想]‘他將對我作無益’而結怨恨;[想]‘他曾對我所愛、可意者作無益’而結怨恨……乃至……[想]‘正作無益’而結怨恨……乃至……[想]‘將作無益’而結怨恨;[想]‘他曾對我所不愛、不可意者作有益’而結怨恨……乃至……[想]‘正作有益’而結怨恨……乃至……[想]‘將作有益’而結怨恨。這九法就是屬退分的。

(六)“哪九法是屬勝分的呢?九怨恨的調伏——[想]‘他曾對我作無益,那在此哪裡求得到呢’而調伏怨恨;[想]‘他正對我作無益,那在此哪裡求得到呢’而調伏怨恨;[想]‘他將對我作無益,那在此哪裡求得到呢’而調伏怨恨;[想]‘他曾對我所愛、可意者作無益……乃至……正作無益……乃至……將作無益,那在此哪裡求得到呢’而調伏怨恨;[想]‘他曾對我所不愛、不可意者作有益……乃至……正作有益……乃至……將作有益,那在此哪裡求得到呢’而調伏怨恨。這九法就是屬勝分的。

(七)“哪九法是難通達的呢?九種種性——緣於界的種種性而生起觸的種種性,緣於觸的種種性而生起受的種種性,緣於受的種種性而生起想的種種性,緣於想的種種性而生起思惟的種種性,緣于思惟的種種性而生起欲的種種性,緣於欲的種種性而生起熱惱的種種性,緣於熱惱的種種性而生起遍求的種種性,緣於遍求的種種性而生起獲得的種種性。這九法就是難通達的。

(八)“哪九法是應令生起的呢?九想——不淨想、死想、於食厭逆想、於一切世間不樂想、無常想、於無常的苦想、於苦的無我想、舍斷想、離貪想。這九法就是應令生起的。

(九)“哪九法是應證知的呢?九次第住——賢友,在此,比丘離諸欲,離諸不善法,有尋、有伺,離生喜、樂,成就並住於初禪;尋、伺寂止……乃至……成就並住於第二禪;離喜……乃至……成就並住於第三禪;舍斷樂……乃至……成就並住於第四禪;完全超越色想……乃至……成就並住於空無邊處;完全超越空無邊處,[知]‘識是無邊的’,成就並住於識無邊處;完全超越識無邊處,[知]‘什麼都沒有’,成就並住於無所有處;完全超越無所有處,成就並住於非想非非想處;完全超越非想非非想處,成就並住於想受滅。這九法就是應證知的。

(十)“哪九法是應作證的呢?九次第滅——入初禪者,欲想已滅;入第二禪者,尋、伺已滅;入第三禪者,喜已滅;入第四禪者,入息、出息已滅;入空無邊處者,色想已滅;入識無邊處者,空無邊處想已滅;入無所有處者,識無邊處想已滅;入非想非非想處者,無所有處想已滅;入想受滅者,想與受已滅。這九法就是應作證的。

“如是,這九十法是真實的、如實的、如是的、不虛的、不異的,已為如來所正現等覺。

Nava dhammā
359. ‘‘Nava dhammā bahukārā…pe… nava dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame nava dhammā bahukārā? Nava yonisomanasikāramūlakā dhammā, yonisomanasikaroto pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati, samāhite citte yathābhūtaṃ jānāti passati, yathābhūtaṃ jānaṃ passaṃ nibbindati, nibbindaṃ virajjati, virāgā vimuccati. Ime nava dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā bhāvetabbā? Nava pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgāni – sīlavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, cittavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, diṭṭhivisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, kaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, maggāmaggañāṇadassana – visuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, ñāṇadassanavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, paññāvisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, vimuttivisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ. Ime nava dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame nava dhammā pariññeyyā? Nava sattāvāsā – santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā. Ayaṃ dutiyo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ tatiyo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ catuttho sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā asaññino appaṭisaṃvedino, seyyathāpi devā asaññasattā. Ayaṃ pañcamo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ sattamo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo sattāvāso.
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ navamo sattāvāso. Ime nava dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā pahātabbā? Nava taṇhāmūlakā dhammā – taṇhaṃ paṭicca pariyesanā, pariyesanaṃ paṭicca lābho, lābhaṃ paṭicca vinicchayo, vinicchayaṃ paṭicca chandarāgo, chandarāgaṃ paṭicca ajjhosānaṃ, ajjhosānaṃ paṭicca pariggaho, pariggahaṃ paṭicca macchariyaṃ, macchariyaṃ paṭicca ārakkho, ārakkhādhikaraṇaṃ [ārakkhādhikaraṇaṃ paṭicca (syā. pī. ka.)] daṇḍādānasatthādānakalahaviggahavivādatuvaṃtuvaṃpesuññamusāvādā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti. Ime nava dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame nava dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Nava āghātavatthūni – ‘anatthaṃ me acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati, ‘anatthaṃ me caratī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati, ‘anatthaṃ me carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘piyassa me manāpassa anatthaṃ acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘anatthaṃ caratī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘anatthaṃ carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘appiyassa me amanāpassa atthaṃ acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘atthaṃ caratī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘atthaṃ carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati. Ime nava dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame nava dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Nava āghātapaṭivinayā – ‘anatthaṃ me acari, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘anatthaṃ me carati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘anatthaṃ me carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘piyassa me manāpassa anatthaṃ acari…pe… anatthaṃ carati…pe… anatthaṃ carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘appiyassa me amanāpassa atthaṃ acari…pe… atthaṃ carati…pe… atthaṃ carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti. Ime nava dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Nava nānattā – dhātunānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati phassanānattaṃ, phassanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati vedanānānattaṃ, vedanānānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saññānānattaṃ, saññānānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṅkappanānattaṃ, saṅkappanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandanānattaṃ, chandanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati pariḷāhanānattaṃ, pariḷāhanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati pariyesanānānattaṃ, pariyesanānānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati lābhanānattaṃ. Ime nava dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame nava dhammā uppādetabbā? Nava saññā – asubhasaññā, maraṇasaññā, āhārepaṭikūlasaññā, sabbalokeanabhiratisaññā [anabhiratasaññā (syā. ka.)], aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā. Ime nava dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā abhiññeyyā? Nava anupubbavihārā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ime nava dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame nava dhammā sacchikātabbā? Nava anupubbanirodhā – paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa kāmasaññā niruddhā hoti, dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa vitakkavicārā niruddhā honti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa pīti niruddhā hoti, catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa assāsapassāssā niruddhā honti, ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa rūpasaññā niruddhā hoti, viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa ākāsānañcāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti, ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa viññāṇañcāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa ākiñcaññāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti, saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpannassa saññā ca vedanā ca niruddhā honti. Ime nava dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Iti ime navuti dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
360PTS 3.291緬 3.256已對照

十法

“賢友們,有十法是多所作的,有十法應修習……乃至……有十法應作證。

(一)“哪十法是多所作的呢?十使[人]有依怙的法——賢友,在此,比丘具戒,以波羅提木叉(pātimokkha)律儀防護而住,具足正行與行處,於微細的罪過也見怖畏,受持學處(sikkhāpada)而學習。賢友,比丘具戒……乃至……受持學處而學習——這也是使[人]有依怙的法。“復次,賢友,比丘是多聞者……乃至……以見善通達。賢友,比丘是多聞者……乃至……這也是使[人]有依怙的法。“復次,賢友,比丘是善友者、善伴者、善隨從者。賢友,比丘……乃至……是善隨從者。這也是使[人]有依怙的法。“復次,賢友,比丘是易受勸者,具足使人易受勸的諸法,能忍,善持教誡。賢友,比丘……乃至……善持教誡。這也是使[人]有依怙的法。“復次,賢友,比丘對於諸同梵行者種種大小應作之事,是嫻熟、不懈怠的,具足於此的方便審察(vīmaṃsā),堪能作、堪能安排。賢友,比丘……乃至……堪能安排。這也是使[人]有依怙的法。“復次,賢友,比丘是愛法者、言談可愛者,於增上法、增上律有廣大的愉悅。賢友,比丘……乃至……有廣大的愉悅。這也是使[人]有依怙的法。“復次,賢友,比丘對隨得的衣、缽食、坐臥處、病緣藥資具知足。賢友,比丘……乃至……這也是使[人]有依怙的法。“復次,賢友,比丘住於發起精進……乃至……於諸善法[不放下重擔]。賢友,比丘……乃至……這也是使[人]有依怙的法。“復次,賢友,比丘是具念者,具足最上的念與審慎,對久遠以前所作的、久遠以前所說的也能憶念、隨念。賢友,比丘……乃至……這也是使[人]有依怙的法。“復次,賢友,比丘是有慧者,具足通達生滅的慧——[那是]聖的、能洞察的、能導向正確盡苦的[慧]。賢友,比丘……乃至……這也是使[人]有依怙的法。這十法就是多所作的。

(二)“哪十法是應修習的呢?十遍處——有一[人]了知地遍,上、下、四維、無二、無量;有一[人]了知水遍……乃至……有一[人]了知火遍……有一[人]了知風遍……有一[人]了知青遍……有一[人]了知黃遍……有一[人]了知赤遍……有一[人]了知白遍……有一[人]了知空遍……有一[人]了知識遍,上、下、四維、無二、無量。這十法就是應修習的。

(三)“哪十法是應遍知的呢?十處——眼處、色處、耳處、聲處、鼻處、香處、舌處、味處、身處、觸處。這十法就是應遍知的。

(四)“哪十法是應舍斷的呢?十邪性——邪見、邪思惟、邪語、邪業、邪命、邪精進、邪念、邪定、邪智、邪解脫。這十法就是應舍斷的。

(五)“哪十法是屬退分的呢?十不善業道——殺生、不與取、欲邪行、虛妄語、離間語、粗惡語、雜穢語、貪欲、瞋恚、邪見。這十法就是屬退分的。

(六)“哪十法是屬勝分的呢?十善業道——離殺生、離不與取、離欲邪行、離虛妄語、離離間語、離粗惡語、離雜穢語、無貪欲、無瞋恚、正見。這十法就是屬勝分的。

(七)“哪十法是難通達的呢?十聖住——賢友,在此,比丘是已斷五支者、已具六支者、有一守護者、有四所依者、已除遣各別之諦者、已完全舍遣遍求者、無濁思惟者、身行已輕安者、心善解脫者、慧善解脫者。“賢友,比丘怎樣是已斷五支者呢?賢友,在此,比丘的欲欲已斷,瞋恚已斷,昏沉睡眠已斷,掉舉追悔已斷,疑已斷。賢友,這樣比丘就是已斷五支者。“賢友,比丘怎樣是已具六支者呢?賢友,在此,比丘以眼見色後,既不喜悅也不憂,住於舍,具念、正知;以耳聞聲後……乃至……以鼻嗅香後……以舌嘗味後……以身觸所觸後……以意識法後,既不喜悅也不憂,住於舍,具念、正知。賢友,這樣比丘就是已具六支者。“賢友,比丘怎樣是有一守護者呢?賢友,在此,比丘具足以念守護的心。賢友,這樣比丘就是有一守護者。“賢友,比丘怎樣是有四所依者呢?賢友,在此,比丘審慮之後受用一[類事],審慮之後忍受一[類事],審慮之後迴避一[類事],審慮之後除遣一[類事]。賢友,這樣比丘就是有四所依者。“賢友,比丘怎樣是已除遣各別之諦者呢?賢友,在此,凡是眾多沙門、婆羅門的種種各別之諦,比丘對那一切都已除去、已除遣、已棄捨、已吐出、已釋放、已斷除、已舍離。賢友,這樣比丘就是已除遣各別之諦者。“賢友,比丘怎樣是已完全舍遣遍求者呢?賢友,在此,比丘的欲求已斷,有求已斷,梵行求已止息。賢友,這樣比丘就是已完全舍遣遍求者。“賢友,比丘怎樣是無濁思惟者呢?賢友,在此,比丘的欲思惟已斷,瞋恚思惟已斷,害思惟已斷。賢友,這樣比丘就是無濁思惟者。“賢友,比丘怎樣是身行已輕安者呢?賢友,在此,比丘舍斷樂與舍斷苦,先前的喜、憂已經滅沒,不苦不樂,舍念清淨,成就並住於第四禪。賢友,這樣比丘就是身行已輕安者。“賢友,比丘怎樣是心善解脫者呢?賢友,在此,比丘的心從貪解脫,心從瞋解脫,心從痴解脫。賢友,這樣比丘就是心善解脫者。“賢友,比丘怎樣是慧善解脫者呢?賢友,在此,比丘了知:‘我的貪已斷,根已斷,已作成如斷[頂]的多羅樹[樁],已令歸於不存在,未來不再生起之法。’‘我的瞋已斷……乃至……未來不再生起之法’,他了知;‘我的痴已斷……乃至……未來不再生起之法’,他了知。賢友,這樣比丘就是慧善解脫者。這十法就是難通達的。

(八)“哪十法是應令生起的呢?十想——不淨想、死想、於食厭逆想、於一切世間不樂想、無常想、於無常的苦想、於苦的無我想、舍斷想、離貪想、滅想。這十法就是應令生起的。

(九)“哪十法是應證知的呢?十遣除事——於正見者,邪見被遣除;凡是以邪見為緣而生起的種種惡不善法,那些於他也被遣除。於正思惟者,邪思惟……乃至……於正語者,邪語……於正業者,邪業……於正命者,邪命……於正精進者,邪精進……於正念者,邪念……於正定者,邪定……於正智者,邪智被遣除。於正解脫者,邪解脫被遣除;凡是以邪解脫為緣而生起的種種惡不善法,那些於他也被遣除。這十法就是應證知的。

(十)“哪十法是應作證的呢?十無學法——無學的正見、無學的正思惟、無學的正語、無學的正業、無學的正命、無學的正精進、無學的正念、無學的正定、無學的正智、無學的正解脫。這十法就是應作證的。

“如是,這一百法是真實的、如實的、如是的、不虛的、不異的,已為如來所正現等覺。

具壽舍利弗這樣說。那些比丘滿意、歡喜具壽舍利弗所說。

《十上經》第十一,終。

《波梨品》終。

其攝頌為:

波梨與優曇婆羅,轉輪王、本初;

自歡喜與清淨,大丈夫相[經];

善生、阿吒那胝,眾集與十上——

以十一經故,稱為《波梨品》。

《波梨品》巴利聖典終。

以三品莊嚴的整部《長部》圓滿。

Dasa dhammā
360. ‘‘Dasa dhammā bahukārā…pe… dasa dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(Ka) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā bahukārā? Dasa nāthakaraṇādhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto …pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā, yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto hoti kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu suvaco hoti sovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgato, khamo padakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaniṃ. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… anusāsaniṃ. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāni tāni sabrahmacārīnaṃ uccāvacāni kiṃkaraṇīyāni tattha dakkho hoti analaso tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato, alaṃ kātuṃ, alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu dhammakāmo hoti piyasamudāhāro abhidhamme abhivinaye uḷārapāmojjo. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… uḷārapāmojjo. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarehi cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu …pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati…pe… kusalesu dhammesu. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu satimā hoti, paramena satinepakkena samannāgato, cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato, ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. Ime dasa dhammā bahukārā.
(Kha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā bhāvetabbā? Dasa kasiṇāyatanāni – pathavīkasiṇameko sañjānāti uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ advayaṃ appamāṇaṃ. Āpokasiṇameko sañjānāti…pe… tejokasiṇameko sañjānāti… vāyokasiṇameko sañjānāti… nīlakasiṇameko sañjānāti… pītakasiṇameko sañjānāti… lohitakasiṇameko sañjānāti… odātakasiṇameko sañjānāti… ākāsakasiṇameko sañjānāti… viññāṇakasiṇameko sañjānāti uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ advayaṃ appamāṇaṃ. Ime dasa dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(Ga) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā pariññeyyā? Dasāyatanāni – cakkhāyatanaṃ, rūpāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, saddāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, gandhāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, rasāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ. Ime dasa dhammā pariññeyyā.
(Gha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā pahātabbā? Dasa micchattā – micchādiṭṭhi, micchāsaṅkappo, micchāvācā, micchākammanto, micchāājīvo, micchāvāyāmo, micchāsati, micchāsamādhi, micchāñāṇaṃ, micchāvimutti. Ime dasa dhammā pahātabbā.
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Dasa akusalakammapathā – pāṇātipāto, adinnādānaṃ, kāmesumicchācāro, musāvādo, pisuṇā vācā, pharusā vācā, samphappalāpo, abhijjhā, byāpādo, micchādiṭṭhi. Ime dasa dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(Ca) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Dasa kusalakammapathā – pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī, musāvādā veramaṇī, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī, anabhijjhā, abyāpādo, sammādiṭṭhi. Ime dasa dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(Cha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Dasa ariyavāsā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti, chaḷaṅgasamannāgato, ekārakkho, caturāpasseno, paṇunnapaccekasacco, samavayasaṭṭhesano, anāvilasaṅkappo, passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro, suvimuttacitto, suvimuttapañño.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmacchando pahīno hoti, byāpādo pahīno hoti, thinamiddhaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, vicikicchā pahīnā hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu chaḷaṅgasamannāgato hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu chaḷaṅgasamannāgato hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu ekārakkho hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satārakkhena cetasā samannāgato hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu ekārakkho hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu caturāpasseno hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu saṅkhāyekaṃ paṭisevati, saṅkhāyekaṃ adhivāseti, saṅkhāyekaṃ parivajjeti, saṅkhāyekaṃ vinodeti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu caturāpasseno hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu paṇunnapaccekasacco hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno yāni tāni puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ puthupaccekasaccāni, sabbāni tāni nunnāni honti paṇunnāni cattāni vantāni muttāni pahīnāni paṭinissaṭṭhāni. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu paṇunnapaccekasacco hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmesanā pahīnā hoti, bhavesanā pahīnā hoti, brahmacariyesanā paṭippassaddhā. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu anāvilasaṅkappā hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmasaṅkappo pahīno hoti, byāpādasaṅkappo pahīno hoti, vihiṃsāsaṅkappo pahīno hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu anāvilasaṅkappo hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttacitto hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno rāgā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, dosā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, mohā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttacitto hoti.
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttapañño hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘rāgo me pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. ‘Doso me pahīno…pe… āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. ‘Moho me pahīno …pe… āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttapañño hoti. Ime dasa dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
(Ja) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā uppādetabbā? Dasa saññā – asubhasaññā, maraṇasaññā, āhārepaṭikūlasaññā, sabbalokeanabhiratisaññā, aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā. Ime dasa dhammā uppādetabbā.
(Jha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā abhiññeyyā? Dasa nijjaravatthūni – sammādiṭṭhissa micchādiṭṭhi nijjiṇṇā hoti. Ye ca micchādiṭṭhipaccayā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti. Sammāsaṅkappassa micchāsaṅkappo…pe… sammāvācassa micchāvācā… sammākammantassa micchākammanto… sammāājīvassa micchāājīvo… sammāvāyāmassa micchāvāyāmo… sammāsatissa micchāsati… sammāsamādhissa micchāsamādhi… sammāñāṇassa micchāñāṇaṃ nijjiṇṇaṃ hoti. Sammāvimuttissa micchāvimutti nijjiṇṇā hoti. Ye ca micchāvimuttipaccayā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti. Ime dasa dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(Ña) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā sacchikātabbā? Dasa asekkhā dhammā – asekkhā sammādiṭṭhi, asekkho sammāsaṅkappo, asekkhā sammāvācā, asekkho sammākammanto, asekkho sammāājīvo, asekkho sammāvāyāmo, asekkhā sammāsati, asekkho sammāsamādhi, asekkhaṃ sammāñāṇaṃ, asekkhā sammāvimutti. Ime dasa dhammā sacchikātabbā.
‘‘Iti ime satadhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā’’ti. Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Dasuttarasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ ekādasamaṃ.
Pāthikavaggo [pāṭikavaggo (sī. syā. pī.)] niṭṭhito.
Tassuddānaṃ –
Pāthiko ca [pāṭikañca (syā. kaṃ.)] udumbaraṃ [pāṭikodumbarīceva (sī. pī.)], cakkavatti aggaññakaṃ;
Sampasādanapāsādaṃ [sampasādañca pāsādaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)], mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ.
Siṅgālāṭānāṭiyakaṃ, saṅgīti ca dasuttaraṃ;
Ekādasahi suttehi, pāthikavaggoti vuccati.
Pāthikavaggapāḷi niṭṭhitā.
Tīhi vaggehi paṭimaṇḍito sakalo
Dīghanikāyo samatto.