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長部第29經 · 清淨經 Pāsādikasuttaṃ

本經目錄六、清淨經(Pāsādikasutta)尼乾陀·若提子的命終非正等正覺者所宣說的法與律正等正覺者所宣說的法與律令弟子追悔的導師不令弟子追悔的導師梵行的不圓滿與圓滿應當合誦之法使人領會的方式樂的實踐樂的實踐的功德漏盡者不可能之事問題的解答未記說之處已記說之處與前際俱行的見依與後際俱行的見依

164PTS 3.117緬 3.97已對照

六、清淨經(Pāsādikasutta)

如是我聞:一時,世尊住在釋迦國,[那裡]有名為韋丹雅(Vedhaññā)的釋迦人;[世尊住]在他們芒果林中的樓閣(pāsāda)裡。

164. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati vedhaññā nāma sakyā, tesaṃ ambavane pāsāde.
Nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtakālaṅkiriyā
PTS 3.118已對照

尼乾陀·若提子的命終

那時,尼乾陀·若提子(Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputta)剛在波婆(Pāvā)命終。由於他的命終,諸尼乾陀分裂了,分成兩派,起了糾紛、起了爭吵、陷入爭論,以口舌之矛互相刺戳而住——‘你不了知這法與律,我了知這法與律,你哪能了知這法與律?你是邪行道者,我才是正行道者。我[所說]相應[義理],你[所說]不相應。應先說的你後說了,應後說的你先說了。你慣行的[主張]已被翻轉,你的論已被舉罪,你已被折伏;去為解脫你的論[設法]吧,若能夠就解釋開來!’在尼乾陀·若提子的門徒中,簡直像是隻有殺戮在進行。就連尼乾陀·若提子那些身著白衣的在家弟子,對尼乾陀·若提子的門徒們也顯出厭離之相、離染之相、退避之相——正如對那惡說、惡宣說、不出離、不導向寂止、非正等正覺者所宣說、塔已破、無所依怙的法與律[所應有的那樣]。

Tena kho pana samayena nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto [nāthaputto (sī. pī.)] pāvāyaṃ adhunākālaṅkato hoti. Tassa kālaṅkiriyāya bhinnā nigaṇṭhā dvedhikajātā bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – ‘‘na tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāsi, ahaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāmi, kiṃ tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānissasi? Micchāpaṭipanno tvamasi, ahamasmi sammāpaṭipanno. Sahitaṃ me, asahitaṃ te. Purevacanīyaṃ pacchā avaca, pacchāvacanīyaṃ pure avaca. Adhiciṇṇaṃ te viparāvattaṃ, āropito te vādo, niggahito tvamasi, cara vādappamokkhāya, nibbeṭhehi vā sace pahosī’’ti. Vadhoyeva kho [vadhoyeveko (ka.)] maññe nigaṇṭhesu nāṭaputtiyesu vattati [anuvattati (syā. ka.)]. Yepi nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa sāvakā gihī odātavasanā, tepi [te tesu (ka.)] nigaṇṭhesu nāṭaputtiyesu nibbinnarūpā [nibbindarūpā (ka.)] virattarūpā paṭivānarūpā, yathā taṃ durakkhāte dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyānike anupasamasaṃvattanike asammāsambuddhappavedite bhinnathūpe appaṭisaraṇe.
165緬 3.98已對照

那時,純陀沙彌(Cunda samaṇuddesa)在波婆度過雨安居之後,前往薩摩村(Sāmagāma)具壽阿難之處;到了之後,禮敬具壽阿難,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的純陀沙彌對具壽阿難說:“尊者,尼乾陀·若提子剛在波婆命終。由於他的命終,諸尼乾陀分裂了,分成兩派……乃至……塔已破、無所依怙。”這樣說時,具壽阿難對純陀沙彌說:“賢友純陀,這確是一件可以帶去謁見世尊的談話之資。來吧,賢友純陀,我們前往世尊之處;到了之後,把這件事稟告世尊。”“是的,尊者。”純陀沙彌應諾具壽阿難。於是具壽阿難與純陀沙彌一同前往世尊之處;到了之後,禮敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具壽阿難對世尊說:“尊者,這位純陀沙彌這樣說:‘尊者,尼乾陀·若提子剛在波婆命終。由於他的命終,諸尼乾陀分裂了……乃至……塔已破、無所依怙。’”

165. Atha kho cundo samaṇuddeso pāvāyaṃ vassaṃvuṭṭho [vassaṃvuttho (sī. syā. pī.)] yena sāmagāmo, yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho cundo samaṇuddeso āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nigaṇṭho, bhante, nāṭaputto pāvāyaṃ adhunākālaṅkato. Tassa kālaṅkiriyāya bhinnā nigaṇṭhā dvedhikajātā…pe… bhinnathūpe appaṭisaraṇe’’ti.
Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando cundaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi kho idaṃ, āvuso cunda, kathāpābhataṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Āyāmāvuso cunda, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ bhagavato ārocessāmā’’ti [āroceyyāmāti (syā.)]. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho cundo samaṇuddeso āyasmato ānandassa paccassosi.
Atha kho āyasmā ca ānando cundo ca samaṇuddeso yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, cundo samaṇuddeso evamāha, ‘nigaṇṭho, bhante, nāṭaputto pāvāyaṃ adhunākālaṅkato, tassa kālaṅkiriyāya bhinnā nigaṇṭhā…pe… bhinnathūpe appaṭisaraṇe’’’ti.
Asammāsambuddhappaveditadhammavinayo
166PTS 3.119已對照

非正等正覺者所宣說的法與律

“純陀,在那惡說的、惡宣說的、不導向出離的、不導向寂止的、非正等正覺者所宣說的法與律中,正是這樣的。純陀,於此,導師不是正等正覺者,法是惡說的、惡宣說的、不導向出離的、不導向寂止的、非正等正覺者所宣說的,而弟子於那法中不法隨法行而住、不正當行道、不隨法而行,且背離那法而行。應當這樣對他說——‘賢友,這是你的所得,這是你的善得:你的導師不是正等正覺者,法是惡說的、惡宣說的、不導向出離的、不導向寂止的、非正等正覺者所宣說的;而你於那法中不法隨法行而住、不正當行道、不隨法而行,且背離那法而行。’純陀,如是,此中導師應受呵責,法也應受呵責,而弟子在此卻如此應受稱讚。純陀,若有人對這樣的弟子這樣說——‘請這位具壽依你的導師所教說、所施設的法那樣行道吧’——那麼勸導者、所勸導的[弟子]、以及被勸導而如是行道者,他們全都生起許多非福。那是什麼緣故呢?純陀,[因為]在那惡說的、惡宣說的、不導向出離的、不導向寂止的、非正等正覺者所宣說的法與律中,正是這樣的。

166. ‘‘Evaṃ hetaṃ, cunda, hoti durakkhāte dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyānike anupasamasaṃvattanike asammāsambuddhappavedite. Idha, cunda, satthā ca hoti asammāsambuddho, dhammo ca durakkhāto duppavedito aniyyāniko anupasamasaṃvattaniko asammāsambuddhappavedito, sāvako ca tasmiṃ dhamme na dhammānudhammappaṭipanno viharati na sāmīcippaṭipanno na anudhammacārī, vokkamma ca tamhā dhammā vattati. So evamassa vacanīyo – ‘tassa te, āvuso, lābhā, tassa te suladdhaṃ, satthā ca te asammāsambuddho, dhammo ca durakkhāto duppavedito aniyyāniko anupasamasaṃvattaniko asammāsambuddhappavedito. Tvañca tasmiṃ dhamme na dhammānudhammappaṭipanno viharasi, na sāmīcippaṭipanno, na anudhammacārī, vokkamma ca tamhā dhammā vattasī’ti. Iti kho, cunda, satthāpi tattha gārayho, dhammopi tattha gārayho, sāvako ca tattha evaṃ pāsaṃso. Yo kho, cunda, evarūpaṃ sāvakaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘etāyasmā tathā paṭipajjatu, yathā te satthārā dhammo desito paññatto’ti. Yo ca samādapeti [samādāpeti (sī. ṭṭha.)], yañca samādapeti, yo ca samādapito [samādāpito (sī. ṭṭha.)] tathattāya paṭipajjati. Sabbe te bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasavanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Evaṃ hetaṃ, cunda, hoti durakkhāte dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyānike anupasamasaṃvattanike asammāsambuddhappavedite.
167PTS 3.120緬 3.99已對照

“再者,純陀,於此,導師不是正等正覺者,法是惡說的、惡宣說的、不導向出離的、不導向寂止的、非正等正覺者所宣說的,而弟子於那法中法隨法行而住、正當行道、隨法而行,受持那法而行。應當這樣對他說——‘賢友,這是你的不得,這是你的惡得:你的導師不是正等正覺者,法是惡說的、惡宣說的、不導向出離的、不導向寂止的、非正等正覺者所宣說的;而你於那法中法隨法行而住、正當行道、隨法而行,受持那法而行。’純陀,如是,此中導師應受呵責,法也應受呵責,弟子在此也如此應受呵責。純陀,若有人對這樣的弟子這樣說——‘這位具壽確是依正理而行道者,他將成就正理’——那麼稱讚者、所稱讚的[弟子]、以及被稱讚而更加倍發起精進者,他們全都生起許多非福。那是什麼緣故呢?純陀,[因為]在那惡說的、惡宣說的、不導向出離的、不導向寂止的、非正等正覺者所宣說的法與律中,正是這樣的。

167. ‘‘Idha pana, cunda, satthā ca hoti asammāsambuddho, dhammo ca durakkhāto duppavedito aniyyāniko anupasamasaṃvattaniko asammāsambuddhappavedito, sāvako ca tasmiṃ dhamme dhammānudhammappaṭipanno viharati sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, samādāya taṃ dhammaṃ vattati. So evamassa vacanīyo – ‘tassa te, āvuso, alābhā, tassa te dulladdhaṃ, satthā ca te asammāsambuddho, dhammo ca durakkhāto duppavedito aniyyāniko anupasamasaṃvattaniko asammāsambuddhappavedito. Tvañca tasmiṃ dhamme dhammānudhammappaṭipanno viharasi sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, samādāya taṃ dhammaṃ vattasī’ti. Iti kho, cunda, satthāpi tattha gārayho, dhammopi tattha gārayho, sāvakopi tattha evaṃ gārayho. Yo kho, cunda, evarūpaṃ sāvakaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘addhāyasmā ñāyappaṭipanno ñāyamārādhessatī’ti. Yo ca pasaṃsati, yañca pasaṃsati, yo ca pasaṃsito bhiyyoso mattāya vīriyaṃ ārabhati. Sabbe te bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasavanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Evañhetaṃ, cunda, hoti durakkhāte dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyānike anupasamasaṃvattanike asammāsambuddhappavedite.
Sammāsambuddhappaveditadhammavinayo
168緬 3.100已對照

正等正覺者所宣說的法與律

“再者,純陀,於此,導師是正等正覺者,法是善說的、善宣說的、導向出離的、導向寂止的、正等正覺者所宣說的,而弟子於那法中不法隨法行而住、不正當行道、不隨法而行,且背離那法而行。應當這樣對他說——‘賢友,這是你的不得,這是你的惡得:你的導師是正等正覺者,法是善說的、善宣說的、導向出離的、導向寂止的、正等正覺者所宣說的;而你於那法中不法隨法行而住、不正當行道、不隨法而行,且背離那法而行。’純陀,如是,此中導師應受稱讚,法也應受稱讚,而弟子在此卻如此應受呵責。純陀,若有人對這樣的弟子這樣說——‘請這位具壽依你的導師所教說、所施設的法那樣行道吧’——那麼勸導者、所勸導的[弟子]、以及被勸導而如是行道者,他們全都生起許多福德。那是什麼緣故呢?純陀,[因為]在那善說的、善宣說的、導向出離的、導向寂止的、正等正覺者所宣說的法與律中,正是這樣的。

168. ‘‘Idha pana, cunda, satthā ca hoti sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca svākkhāto suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṃvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito, sāvako ca tasmiṃ dhamme na dhammānudhammappaṭipanno viharati, na sāmīcippaṭipanno, na anudhammacārī, vokkamma ca tamhā dhammā vattati. So evamassa vacanīyo – ‘tassa te, āvuso, alābhā, tassa te dulladdhaṃ, satthā ca te sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca svākkhāto suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṃvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito. Tvañca tasmiṃ dhamme na dhammānudhammappaṭipanno viharasi, na sāmīcippaṭipanno, na anudhammacārī, vokkamma ca tamhā dhammā vattasī’ti. Iti kho, cunda, satthāpi tattha pāsaṃso, dhammopi tattha pāsaṃso, sāvako ca tattha evaṃ gārayho. Yo kho, cunda, evarūpaṃ sāvakaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘etāyasmā tathā paṭipajjatu yathā te satthārā dhammo desito paññatto’ti. Yo ca samādapeti, yañca samādapeti, yo ca samādapito tathattāya paṭipajjati. Sabbe te bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Evañhetaṃ, cunda, hoti svākkhāte dhammavinaye suppavedite niyyānike upasamasaṃvattanike sammāsambuddhappavedite.
169PTS 3.121已對照

“再者,純陀,於此,導師是正等正覺者,法是善說的、善宣說的、導向出離的、導向寂止的、正等正覺者所宣說的,而弟子於那法中法隨法行而住、正當行道、隨法而行,受持那法而行。應當這樣對他說——‘賢友,這是你的所得,這是你的善得:你的導師是正等正覺者,法是善說的、善宣說的、導向出離的、導向寂止的、正等正覺者所宣說的;而你於那法中法隨法行而住、正當行道、隨法而行,受持那法而行。’純陀,如是,此中導師應受稱讚,法也應受稱讚,弟子在此也如此應受稱讚。純陀,若有人對這樣的弟子這樣說——‘這位具壽確是依正理而行道者,他將成就正理’——那麼稱讚者、所稱讚的[弟子]、以及被稱讚而更加倍發起精進者,他們全都生起許多福德。那是什麼緣故呢?純陀,[因為]在那善說的、善宣說的、導向出離的、導向寂止的、正等正覺者所宣說的法與律中,正是這樣的。

169. ‘‘Idha pana, cunda, satthā ca hoti sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca svākkhāto suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṃvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito, sāvako ca tasmiṃ dhamme dhammānudhammappaṭipanno viharati sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, samādāya taṃ dhammaṃ vattati. So evamassa vacanīyo – ‘tassa te, āvuso, lābhā, tassa te suladdhaṃ, satthā ca te [satthā ca te arahaṃ (syā.)] sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca svākkhāto suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṃvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito. Tvañca tasmiṃ dhamme dhammānudhammappaṭipanno viharasi sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, samādāya taṃ dhammaṃ vattasī’ti. Iti kho, cunda, satthāpi tattha pāsaṃso, dhammopi tattha pāsaṃso, sāvakopi tattha evaṃ pāsaṃso. Yo kho, cunda, evarūpaṃ sāvakaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘addhāyasmā ñāyappaṭipanno ñāyamārādhessatī’ti. Yo ca pasaṃsati, yañca pasaṃsati, yo ca pasaṃsito [pasattho (syā.)] bhiyyoso mattāya vīriyaṃ ārabhati. Sabbe te bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Evañhetaṃ, cunda, hoti svākkhāte dhammavinaye suppavedite niyyānike upasamasaṃvattanike sammāsambuddhappavedite.
Sāvakānutappasatthu
170PTS 3.122緬 3.101已對照

令弟子追悔的導師

“再者,純陀,於此,有導師出現於世間,是阿羅漢、正等正覺者;法是善說的、善宣說的、導向出離的、導向寂止的、正等正覺者所宣說的;而他的弟子們於正法中未被令知其義,他們那完全圓滿的梵行也未被顯示、未被開顯、未被作成一切攝要之句、未被作成有對治[之說],乃至未被天與人善加宣說。其後他們的導師便隱沒了。純陀,這樣的導師命終,對弟子們是令人追悔的。那是什麼緣故呢?[因為他們會想:]‘我們的導師出現於世間,是阿羅漢、正等正覺者;法是善說的、善宣說的、導向出離的、導向寂止的、正等正覺者所宣說的;而我們於正法中未被令知其義,我們那完全圓滿的梵行也未被顯示、未被開顯、未被作成一切攝要之句、未被作成有對治[之說],乃至未被天與人善加宣說;其後我們的導師便隱沒了。’純陀,這樣的導師命終,對弟子們是令人追悔的。

170. ‘‘Idha pana, cunda, satthā ca loke udapādi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca svākkhāto suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṃvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito, aviññāpitatthā cassa honti sāvakā saddhamme, na ca tesaṃ kevalaṃ paripūraṃ brahmacariyaṃ āvikataṃ hoti uttānīkataṃ sabbasaṅgāhapadakataṃ sappāṭihīrakataṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ. Atha nesaṃ satthuno antaradhānaṃ hoti. Evarūpo kho, cunda, satthā sāvakānaṃ kālaṅkato anutappo hoti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā ca no loke udapādi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca svākkhāto suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṃvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito, aviññāpitatthā camha saddhamme, na ca no kevalaṃ paripūraṃ brahmacariyaṃ āvikataṃ hoti uttānīkataṃ sabbasaṅgāhapadakataṃ sappāṭihīrakataṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ. Atha no satthuno antaradhānaṃ hotīti. Evarūpo kho, cunda, satthā sāvakānaṃ kālaṅkato anutappo hoti.
Sāvakānanutappasatthu
171PTS 3.123已對照

不令弟子追悔的導師

“再者,純陀,於此,有導師出現於世間,是阿羅漢、正等正覺者;法是善說的、善宣說的、導向出離的、導向寂止的、正等正覺者所宣說的;而他的弟子們於正法中已被令知其義,他們那完全圓滿的梵行也已被顯示、已被開顯、已被作成一切攝要之句、已被作成有對治[之說],乃至已被天與人善加宣說。其後他們的導師便隱沒了。純陀,這樣的導師命終,對弟子們是不令人追悔的。那是什麼緣故呢?[因為他們會想:]‘我們的導師出現於世間,是阿羅漢、正等正覺者;法是善說的、善宣說的、導向出離的、導向寂止的、正等正覺者所宣說的;而我們於正法中已被令知其義,我們那完全圓滿的梵行也已被顯示、已被開顯、已被作成一切攝要之句、已被作成有對治[之說],乃至已被天與人善加宣說;其後我們的導師便隱沒了。’純陀,這樣的導師命終,對弟子們是不令人追悔的。

171. ‘‘Idha pana, cunda, satthā ca loke udapādi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Dhammo ca svākkhāto suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṃvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito. Viññāpitatthā cassa honti sāvakā saddhamme, kevalañca tesaṃ paripūraṃ brahmacariyaṃ āvikataṃ hoti uttānīkataṃ sabbasaṅgāhapadakataṃ sappāṭihīrakataṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ. Atha nesaṃ satthuno antaradhānaṃ hoti. Evarūpo kho, cunda, satthā sāvakānaṃ kālaṅkato ananutappo hoti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā ca no loke udapādi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Dhammo ca svākkhāto suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṃvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito. Viññāpitatthā camha saddhamme, kevalañca no paripūraṃ brahmacariyaṃ āvikataṃ hoti uttānīkataṃ sabbasaṅgāhapadakataṃ sappāṭihīrakataṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ. Atha no satthuno antaradhānaṃ hotīti. Evarūpo kho, cunda, satthā sāvakānaṃ kālaṅkato ananutappo hoti.
Brahmacariyaaparipūrādikathā
172已對照

梵行的不圓滿與圓滿

“純陀,縱使梵行具備了這些支分,而導師卻不是長老,閱歷長久、出家已久、年事已高、已至暮年的,那麼那梵行便由那一支分而不圓滿。純陀,而當梵行既具備了這些支分,導師又是長老,閱歷長久、出家已久、年事已高、已至暮年的,那麼那梵行便由那一支分而圓滿。

172. ‘‘Etehi cepi, cunda, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brahmacariyaṃ hoti, no ca kho satthā hoti thero rattaññū cirapabbajito addhagato vayoanuppatto. Evaṃ taṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ hoti tenaṅgena.
‘‘Yato ca kho, cunda, etehi ceva aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brahmacariyaṃ hoti, satthā ca hoti thero rattaññū cirapabbajito addhagato vayoanuppatto. Evaṃ taṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ hoti tenaṅgena.
173緬 3.102已對照

“純陀,縱使梵行具備了這些支分,導師也是長老,閱歷長久、出家已久、年事已高、已至暮年的,而他卻沒有賢明的、已受調教的、有自信的、已達瑜伽安隱(yogakkhema)的長老比丘弟子——[他們]足以善說正法,足以用如法[之言]善加折伏已生起的他人異論而教示有示導(pāṭihāriya)的法——那麼,那梵行便由那一支分而不圓滿。純陀,而當梵行既具備了這些支分,導師又是長老,閱歷長久、出家已久、年事已高、已至暮年的,且他有賢明的、已受調教的、有自信的、已達瑜伽安隱的長老比丘弟子——[他們]足以善說正法,足以用如法[之言]善加折伏已生起的他人異論而教示有示導的法——那麼,那梵行便由那一支分而圓滿。

173. ‘‘Etehi cepi, cunda, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brahmacariyaṃ hoti, satthā ca hoti thero rattaññū cirapabbajito addhagato vayoanuppatto, no ca khvassa therā bhikkhū sāvakā honti viyattā vinītā visāradā pattayogakkhemā. Alaṃ samakkhātuṃ saddhammassa, alaṃ uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammehi suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desetuṃ. Evaṃ taṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ hoti tenaṅgena.
‘‘Yato ca kho, cunda, etehi ceva aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brahmacariyaṃ hoti, satthā ca hoti thero rattaññū cirapabbajito addhagato vayoanuppatto, therā cassa bhikkhū sāvakā honti viyattā vinītā visāradā pattayogakkhemā. Alaṃ samakkhātuṃ saddhammassa, alaṃ uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammehi suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desetuṃ. Evaṃ taṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ hoti tenaṅgena.
174PTS 3.124緬 3.103已對照

“純陀,縱使梵行具備了這些支分,導師也是長老,閱歷長久、出家已久、年事已高、已至暮年的,他也有賢明的、已受調教的、有自信的、已達瑜伽安隱的長老比丘弟子——[他們]足以善說正法,足以用如法[之言]善加折伏已生起的他人異論而教示有示導的法,而他卻沒有中座比丘弟子……乃至……[縱使]他有中座比丘弟子,而沒有新學比丘弟子……乃至……[縱使]他有新學比丘弟子,而沒有長老比丘尼弟子……乃至……[縱使]他有長老比丘尼弟子,而沒有中座比丘尼弟子……乃至……[縱使]他有中座比丘尼弟子,而沒有新學比丘尼弟子……乃至……[縱使]他有新學比丘尼弟子,而沒有在家、著白衣、行梵行的優婆塞弟子……乃至……[縱使]他有在家、著白衣、行梵行的優婆塞弟子,而沒有在家、著白衣、受用諸欲的優婆塞弟子……乃至……[縱使]他有在家、著白衣、受用諸欲的優婆塞弟子,而沒有在家、著白衣、行梵行的優婆夷弟子……乃至……[縱使]他有在家、著白衣、行梵行的優婆夷弟子,而沒有在家、著白衣、受用諸欲的優婆夷弟子……乃至……[縱使]他有在家、著白衣、受用諸欲的優婆夷弟子,而他的梵行卻未曾興盛、繁榮、廣佈、為眾人所知、遍佈各處,乃至被天與人善加宣說……乃至……[縱使]他的梵行已興盛、繁榮、廣佈、為眾人所知、遍佈各處,乃至被天與人善加宣說,而未達利養之頂與名聲之頂,那麼那梵行便由那一支分而不圓滿。純陀,而當梵行既具備了這些支分,導師又是長老,閱歷長久、出家已久、年事已高、已至暮年的,且他有賢明的、已受調教的、有自信的、已達瑜伽安隱的長老比丘弟子——[他們]足以善說正法,足以用如法[之言]善加折伏已生起的他人異論而教示有示導的法;他也有中座比丘弟子……乃至……新學比丘弟子……乃至……長老比丘尼弟子……乃至……中座比丘尼弟子……乃至……新學比丘尼弟子……乃至……在家、著白衣、行梵行的優婆塞弟子;他也有在家、著白衣、受用諸欲的優婆塞弟子……乃至……在家、著白衣、行梵行的優婆夷弟子……乃至……在家、著白衣、受用諸欲的優婆夷弟子……乃至……他的梵行也已興盛、繁榮、廣佈、為眾人所知、遍佈各處,乃至被天與人善加宣說,並已達利養之頂與名聲之頂,那麼那梵行便由那一支分而圓滿。

174. ‘‘Etehi cepi, cunda, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brahmacariyaṃ hoti, satthā ca hoti thero rattaññū cirapabbajito addhagato vayoanuppatto, therā cassa bhikkhū sāvakā honti viyattā vinītā visāradā pattayogakkhemā. Alaṃ samakkhātuṃ saddhammassa, alaṃ uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammehi suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desetuṃ. No ca khvassa majjhimā bhikkhū sāvakā honti…pe… majjhimā cassa bhikkhū sāvakā honti, no ca khvassa navā bhikkhū sāvakā honti…pe… navā cassa bhikkhū sāvakā honti, no ca khvassa therā bhikkhuniyo sāvikā honti…pe… therā cassa bhikkhuniyo sāvikā honti, no ca khvassa majjhimā bhikkhuniyo sāvikā honti…pe… majjhimā cassa bhikkhuniyo sāvikā honti, no ca khvassa navā bhikkhuniyo sāvikā honti…pe… navā cassa bhikkhuniyo sāvikā honti, no ca khvassa upāsakā sāvakā honti gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino…pe… upāsakā cassa sāvakā honti gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino, no ca khvassa upāsakā sāvakā honti gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino…pe… upāsakā cassa sāvakā honti gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino, no ca khvassa upāsikā sāvikā honti gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo…pe… upāsikā cassa sāvikā honti gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo, no ca khvassa upāsikā sāvikā honti gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo…pe… upāsikā cassa sāvikā honti gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo, no ca khvassa brahmacariyaṃ hoti iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ…pe… brahmacariyañcassa hoti iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ, no ca kho lābhaggayasaggappattaṃ. Evaṃ taṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ hoti tenaṅgena.
‘‘Yato ca kho, cunda, etehi ceva aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brahmacariyaṃ hoti, satthā ca hoti thero rattaññū cirapabbajito addhagato vayoanuppatto, therā cassa bhikkhū sāvakā honti viyattā vinītā visāradā pattayogakkhemā. Alaṃ samakkhātuṃ saddhammassa, alaṃ uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammehi suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desetuṃ. Majjhimā cassa bhikkhū sāvakā honti…pe… navā cassa bhikkhū sāvakā honti…pe… therā cassa bhikkhuniyo sāvikā honti…pe… majjhimā cassa bhikkhuniyo sāvikā honti…pe… navā cassa bhikkhuniyo sāvikā honti…pe… upāsakā cassa sāvakā honti…pe… gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino. Upāsakā cassa sāvakā honti gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino…pe… upāsikā cassa sāvikā honti gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo…pe… upāsikā cassa sāvikā honti gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo…pe… brahmacariyañcassa hoti iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ, lābhaggappattañca yasaggappattañca. Evaṃ taṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ hoti tenaṅgena.
175PTS 3.126緬 3.104已對照

“純陀,而我如今是出現於世間的導師,是阿羅漢、正等正覺者;法是善說的、善宣說的、導向出離的、導向寂止的、正等正覺者所宣說的;我的弟子們於正法中已被令知其義,他們那完全圓滿的梵行也已被顯示、已被開顯、已被作成一切攝要之句、已被作成有對治[之說],乃至已被天與人善加宣說。純陀,而我如今是長老,閱歷長久、出家已久、年事已高、已至暮年的導師。“純陀,我如今也有賢明的、已受調教的、有自信的、已達瑜伽安隱的長老比丘弟子——[他們]足以善說正法,足以用如法[之言]善加折伏已生起的他人異論而教示有示導的法。純陀,我如今也有中座比丘弟子……乃至……純陀,我如今也有新學比丘弟子……乃至……純陀,我如今也有長老比丘尼弟子……乃至……純陀,我如今也有中座比丘尼弟子……乃至……純陀,我如今也有新學比丘尼弟子……乃至……純陀,我如今也有在家、著白衣、行梵行的優婆塞弟子……乃至……純陀,我如今也有在家、著白衣、受用諸欲的優婆塞弟子……乃至……純陀,我如今也有在家、著白衣、行梵行的優婆夷弟子……乃至……純陀,我如今也有在家、著白衣、受用諸欲的優婆夷弟子……乃至……純陀,我如今的梵行也已興盛、繁榮、廣佈、為眾人所知、遍佈各處,乃至被天與人善加宣說。

175. ‘‘Ahaṃ kho pana, cunda, etarahi satthā loke uppanno arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Dhammo ca svākkhāto suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṃvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito. Viññāpitatthā ca me sāvakā saddhamme, kevalañca tesaṃ paripūraṃ brahmacariyaṃ āvikataṃ uttānīkataṃ sabbasaṅgāhapadakataṃ sappāṭihīrakataṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ. Ahaṃ kho pana, cunda, etarahi satthā thero rattaññū cirapabbajito addhagato vayoanuppatto.
‘‘Santi kho pana me, cunda, etarahi therā bhikkhū sāvakā honti viyattā vinītā visāradā pattayogakkhemā. Alaṃ samakkhātuṃ saddhammassa, alaṃ uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammehi suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desetuṃ. Santi kho pana me, cunda, etarahi majjhimā bhikkhū sāvakā…pe… santi kho pana me, cunda, etarahi navā bhikkhū sāvakā…pe… santi kho pana me, cunda, etarahi therā bhikkhuniyo sāvikā…pe… santi kho pana me, cunda, etarahi majjhimā bhikkhuniyo sāvikā…pe… santi kho pana me, cunda, etarahi navā bhikkhuniyo sāvikā…pe… santi kho pana me, cunda, etarahi upāsakā sāvakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino…pe… santi kho pana me, cunda, etarahi upāsakā sāvakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino…pe… santi kho pana me, cunda, etarahi upāsikā sāvikā gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo…pe… santi kho pana me, cunda, etarahi upāsikā sāvikā gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo…pe… etarahi kho pana me, cunda, brahmacariyaṃ iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ.
176PTS 3.127緬 3.105已對照

“純陀,凡如今出現於世間的諸導師,純陀,我不見有另外任何一位導師像我這樣達到利養之頂與名聲之頂。純陀,凡如今出現於世間的僧團或群眾,純陀,我不見有另外任何一個僧團像這比丘僧團這樣達到利養之頂與名聲之頂。純陀,若有人要正確地說,他會這樣說——‘一切行相具足、一切行相圓滿、不減不增、善說、完全圓滿的梵行已被善加宣說’——他所要正確說的正是這個:‘一切行相具足……乃至……已被善加宣說。’“純陀,鬱陀迦·羅摩子(Udaka Rāmaputta)曾這樣說:‘見而不見。’見什麼而不見呢?他見磨得極鋒利的剃刀的刀面,卻不見它的刀刃。這就叫作‘見而不見’。純陀,鬱陀迦·羅摩子所說的這話是下劣的、村野的、凡夫的、非聖的、無益的,只是就剃刀而說。純陀,若有人要正確地說‘見而不見’,他所要正確說的正是這個:‘見而不見。’見什麼而不見呢?——‘這樣一切行相具足、一切行相圓滿、不減不增、善說、完全圓滿的梵行已被善加宣說’,這他是見的;‘此中若減去這一點,它就會更清淨’,這他是不見的;‘此中若添上這一點,它就會更圓滿’,這他是不見的。純陀,這就叫作‘見而不見’。純陀,若有人要正確地說‘一切行相具足、一切行相圓滿、不減不增、善說、完全圓滿的梵行已被善加宣說’,他所要正確說的正是這個:‘一切行相具足、一切行相圓滿、不減不增、善說、完全圓滿的梵行已被善加宣說。’

176. ‘‘Yāvatā kho, cunda, etarahi satthāro loke uppannā, nāhaṃ, cunda, aññaṃ ekasatthārampi samanupassāmi evaṃlābhaggayasaggappattaṃ yatharivāhaṃ. Yāvatā kho pana, cunda, etarahi saṅgho vā gaṇo vā loke uppanno; nāhaṃ, cunda, aññaṃ ekaṃ saṃghampi samanupassāmi evaṃlābhaggayasaggappattaṃ yatharivāyaṃ, cunda, bhikkhusaṅgho. Yaṃ kho taṃ, cunda, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘sabbākārasampannaṃ sabbākāraparipūraṃ anūnamanadhikaṃ svākkhātaṃ kevalaṃ paripūraṃ brahmacariyaṃ suppakāsita’nti. Idameva taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘sabbākārasampannaṃ…pe… suppakāsita’nti.
‘‘Udako [uddako (sī. syā. pī.)] sudaṃ, cunda, rāmaputto evaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati – ‘passaṃ na passatī’ti. Kiñca passaṃ na passatīti? Khurassa sādhunisitassa talamassa passati, dhārañca khvassa na passati. Idaṃ vuccati – ‘passaṃ na passatī’ti. Yaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, udakena rāmaputtena bhāsitaṃ hīnaṃ gammaṃ pothujjanikaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ khurameva sandhāya. Yañca taṃ [yañcetaṃ (syā. ka.)], cunda, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘passaṃ na passatī’ti, idameva taṃ [idamevetaṃ (ka.)] sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘passaṃ na passatī’ti. Kiñca passaṃ na passatīti? Evaṃ sabbākārasampannaṃ sabbākāraparipūraṃ anūnamanadhikaṃ svākkhātaṃ kevalaṃ paripūraṃ brahmacariyaṃ suppakāsitanti, iti hetaṃ passati [suppakāsitaṃ, iti hetaṃ na passatīti (syā. ka.)]. Idamettha apakaḍḍheyya, evaṃ taṃ parisuddhataraṃ assāti, iti hetaṃ na passati [na passatīti (syā. ka.)]. Idamettha upakaḍḍheyya, evaṃ taṃ paripūraṃ [parisuddhataraṃ (syā. ka.), paripūrataraṃ (?)] assāti, iti hetaṃ na passati. Idaṃ vuccati cunda – ‘passaṃ na passatī’ti. Yaṃ kho taṃ, cunda, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘sabbākārasampannaṃ…pe… brahmacariyaṃ suppakāsita’nti. Idameva taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘sabbākārasampannaṃ sabbākāraparipūraṃ anūnamanadhikaṃ svākkhātaṃ kevalaṃ paripūraṃ brahmacariyaṃ suppakāsita’nti.
Saṅgāyitabbadhammo
177PTS 3.128已對照

應當合誦之法

“所以,純陀,凡是我以證智所教說的諸法,於其中一切人都應當會合、集會,以義[對]義、以文[對]文而合誦,不應爭論,好讓這梵行長久、久住——那將是為了眾人的利益,為了眾人的安樂,為了憐憫世間,為了天與人的義利、利益與安樂。純陀,什麼是我以證智所教說、於其中一切人都應當會合、集會,以義[對]義、以文[對]文而合誦,不應爭論,好讓這梵行長久、久住——那將是為了眾人的利益,為了眾人的安樂,為了憐憫世間,為了天與人的義利、利益與安樂的諸法呢?就是:四念處、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七覺支、八支聖道。純陀,這些就是我以證智所教說、於其中一切人都應當會合、集會,以義[對]義、以文[對]文而合誦,不應爭論,好讓這梵行長久、久住——那將是為了眾人的利益,為了眾人的安樂,為了憐憫世間,為了天與人的義利、利益與安樂的諸法。

177. Tasmātiha, cunda, ye vo mayā dhammā abhiññā desitā, tattha sabbeheva saṅgamma samāgamma atthena atthaṃ byañjanena byañjanaṃ saṅgāyitabbaṃ na vivaditabbaṃ, yathayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame ca te, cunda, dhammā mayā abhiññā desitā, yattha sabbeheva saṅgamma samāgamma atthena atthaṃ byañjanena byañjanaṃ saṅgāyitabbaṃ na vivaditabbaṃ, yathayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ? Seyyathidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Ime kho te, cunda, dhammā mayā abhiññā desitā. Yattha sabbeheva saṅgamma samāgamma atthena atthaṃ byañjanena byañjanaṃ saṅgāyitabbaṃ na vivaditabbaṃ, yathayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
Saññāpetabbavidhi
178緬 3.106已對照

使人領會的方式

“純陀,當你們和合、和睦、無爭而學時,若有一位同梵行者在僧團中說法。此時,你們若這樣想:‘這位具壽於義取得不正確,於文也安立得不正確。’對他既不應歡喜,也不應呵斥;不歡喜、不呵斥之後,應當這樣對他說——‘賢友,對於這個義來說,是這些文更適切,還是那些文更適切?對於這些文來說,是這個義更適切,還是那個義更適切?’若他這樣說:‘賢友,對於這個義來說,正是這些文更適切,勝過那些;對於這些文來說,正是這個義更適切,勝過那個。’對他既不應抬舉,也不應貶抑;不抬舉、不貶抑之後,正應當好好地使他領會那個義與那些文。

178. ‘‘Tesañca vo, cunda, samaggānaṃ sammodamānānaṃ avivadamānānaṃ sikkhataṃ [sikkhitabbaṃ (bahūsu)] aññataro sabrahmacārī saṅghe dhammaṃ bhāseyya. Tatra ce tumhākaṃ evamassa – ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā atthañceva micchā gaṇhāti, byañjanāni ca micchā ropetī’ti. Tassa neva abhinanditabbaṃ na paṭikkositabbaṃ, anabhinanditvā appaṭikkositvā so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘imassa nu kho, āvuso, atthassa imāni vā byañjanāni etāni vā byañjanāni katamāni opāyikatarāni, imesañca [imesaṃ vā (syā. pī. ka.), imesaṃ (sī.)] byañjanānaṃ ayaṃ vā attho eso vā attho katamo opāyikataro’ti? So ce evaṃ vadeyya – ‘imassa kho, āvuso, atthassa imāneva byañjanāni opāyikatarāni, yā ceva [yañceva (sī. ka.), ṭīkā oloketabbā] etāni; imesañca [imedaṃ (sabbattha)] byañjanānaṃ ayameva attho opāyikataro, yā ceva [yañceva (sī. ka.), ṭīkā oloketabbā] eso’ti. So neva ussādetabbo na apasādetabbo, anussādetvā anapasādetvā sveva sādhukaṃ saññāpetabbo tassa ca atthassa tesañca byañjanānaṃ nisantiyā.
179PTS 3.129已對照

“純陀,若又有另一位同梵行者在僧團中說法。此時,你們若這樣想:‘這位具壽於義取得不正確,而於文安立得正確。’對他既不應歡喜,也不應呵斥;不歡喜、不呵斥之後,應當這樣對他說——‘賢友,對於這些文來說,是這個義更適切,還是那個義更適切?’若他這樣說:‘賢友,對於這些文來說,正是這個義更適切,勝過那個。’對他既不應抬舉,也不應貶抑;不抬舉、不貶抑之後,正應當好好地使他領會那個義。

179. ‘‘Aparopi ce, cunda, sabrahmacārī saṅghe dhammaṃ bhāseyya. Tatra ce tumhākaṃ evamassa – ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā atthañhi kho micchā gaṇhāti byañjanāni sammā ropetī’ti. Tassa neva abhinanditabbaṃ na paṭikkositabbaṃ, anabhinanditvā appaṭikkositvā so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘imesaṃ nu kho, āvuso, byañjanānaṃ ayaṃ vā attho eso vā attho katamo opāyikataro’ti? So ce evaṃ vadeyya – ‘imesaṃ kho, āvuso, byañjanānaṃ ayameva attho opāyikataro, yā ceva eso’ti. So neva ussādetabbo na apasādetabbo, anussādetvā anapasādetvā sveva sādhukaṃ saññāpetabbo tasseva atthassa nisantiyā.
180已對照

“純陀,若又有另一位同梵行者在僧團中說法。此時,你們若這樣想:‘這位具壽於義取得正確,而於文安立得不正確。’對他既不應歡喜,也不應呵斥;不歡喜、不呵斥之後,應當這樣對他說——‘賢友,對於這個義來說,是這些文更適切,還是那些文更適切?’若他這樣說:‘賢友,對於這個義來說,正是這些文更適切,勝過那些。’對他既不應抬舉,也不應貶抑;不抬舉、不貶抑之後,正應當好好地使他領會那些文。

180. ‘‘Aparopi ce, cunda, sabrahmacārī saṅghe dhammaṃ bhāseyya. Tatra ce tumhākaṃ evamassa – ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā atthañhi kho sammā gaṇhāti byañjanāni micchā ropetī’ti. Tassa neva abhinanditabbaṃ na paṭikkositabbaṃ; anabhinanditvā appaṭikkositvā so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘imassa nu kho, āvuso, atthassa imāni vā byañjanāni etāni vā byañjanāni katamāni opāyikatarānī’ti? So ce evaṃ vadeyya – ‘imassa kho, āvuso, atthassa imāneva byañjanāni opayikatarāni, yāni ceva etānī’ti. So neva ussādetabbo na apasādetabbo; anussādetvā anapasādetvā sveva sādhukaṃ saññāpetabbo tesaññeva byañjanānaṃ nisantiyā.
181緬 3.107已對照

“純陀,若又有另一位同梵行者在僧團中說法。此時,你們若這樣想:‘這位具壽於義取得正確,於文也安立得正確。’對他所說應以‘善哉’而歡喜、隨喜;對他所說以‘善哉’歡喜、隨喜之後,應當這樣對他說——‘賢友,這是我們的所得,賢友,這是我們的善得:我們竟見到具壽這樣一位具足義、具足文的同梵行者。’

開許資具的緣由

181. ‘‘Aparopi ce, cunda, sabrahmacārī saṅghe dhammaṃ bhāseyya. Tatra ce tumhākaṃ evamassa – ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā atthañceva sammā gaṇhāti byañjanāni ca sammā ropetī’ti. Tassa ‘sādhū’ti bhāsitaṃ abhinanditabbaṃ anumoditabbaṃ; tassa ‘sādhū’ti bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘lābhā no āvuso, suladdhaṃ no āvuso, ye mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ tādisaṃ sabrahmacāriṃ passāma evaṃ atthupetaṃ byañjanupeta’nti.
Paccayānuññātakāraṇaṃ
182PTS 3.130已對照

“純陀,我並不只是為了防護現法的諸漏而說法;純陀,我也不只是為了遣除來世的諸漏而說法。純陀,我既是為了防護現法的諸漏而說法,也是為了遣除來世的諸漏[而說法]。所以,純陀,我所開許給你們的衣,那對你們就夠了——只是為了遣除寒冷,為了遣除炎熱,為了遣除虻、蚊、風吹、日曬、爬蟲類的接觸,只是為了遮蔽羞處。我所開許給你們的團食,那對你們就夠了——只是為了這身體的住立、維持,為了止息傷害,為了資助梵行;[應如是思:]‘我將如此消除舊受,也不令新受生起;我將得以維生、無過,並且安樂而住。’我所開許給你們的坐臥處,那對你們就夠了——只是為了遣除寒冷,為了遣除炎熱,為了遣除虻、蚊、風吹、日曬、爬蟲類的接觸,只是為了消除時節的危難、為了樂於宴默。我所開許給你們的病者所需的醫藥資具,那對你們就夠了——只是為了消除已生起的病苦之受,為了儘量沒有身苦。

182. ‘‘Na vo ahaṃ, cunda, diṭṭhadhammikānaṃyeva āsavānaṃ saṃvarāya dhammaṃ desemi. Na panāhaṃ, cunda, samparāyikānaṃyeva āsavānaṃ paṭighātāya dhammaṃ desemi. Diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ cevāhaṃ, cunda, āsavānaṃ saṃvarāya dhammaṃ desemi; samparāyikānañca āsavānaṃ paṭighātāya. Tasmātiha, cunda, yaṃ vo mayā cīvaraṃ anuññātaṃ, alaṃ vo taṃ – yāvadeva sītassa paṭighātāya, uṇhassa paṭighātāya, ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapa [siriṃsapa (syā.)] samphassānaṃ paṭighātāya, yāvadeva hirikopīnapaṭicchādanatthaṃ. Yo vo mayā piṇḍapāto anuññāto, alaṃ vo so yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya vihiṃsūparatiyā brahmacariyānuggahāya, iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro ca [cāti (bahūsu)]. Yaṃ vo mayā senāsanaṃ anuññātaṃ, alaṃ vo taṃ yāvadeva sītassa paṭighātāya, uṇhassa paṭighātāya, ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṃ paṭighātāya, yāvadeva utuparissayavinodana paṭisallānārāmatthaṃ. Yo vo mayā gilānapaccayabhesajja parikkhāro anuññāto, alaṃ vo so yāvadeva uppannānaṃ veyyābādhikānaṃ vedanānaṃ paṭighātāya abyāpajjaparamatāya [abyāpajjhaparamatāyāti (sī. syā. pī.), abyābajjhaparamatāya (?)].
Sukhallikānuyogo
183PTS 3.131緬 3.108已對照

樂的實踐

“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘釋迦子沙門們從事於樂的實踐而住。’純陀,對這樣說的其他外道遊方者應當這樣說:‘賢友,什麼是那樂的實踐呢?樂的實踐有許多種、種種樣。’“純陀,有這四種樂的實踐,是下劣的、村野的、凡夫的、非聖的、無益的,不導向厭離,不導向離貪,不導向滅,不導向寂止,不導向證智,不導向正覺,不導向涅槃。是哪四種呢?“純陀,於此,有愚人一再殺害生類,以此使自己快樂、使自己肥滿。這是第一種樂的實踐。“再者,純陀,於此,有人一再取不與之物,以此使自己快樂、使自己肥滿。這是第二種樂的實踐。“再者,純陀,於此,有人一再說妄語,以此使自己快樂、使自己肥滿。這是第三種樂的實踐。“再者,純陀,於此,有人具備、具足五欲功德而恣意享樂。這是第四種樂的實踐。“純陀,這就是那四種樂的實踐,是下劣的、村野的、凡夫的、非聖的、無益的,不導向厭離,不導向離貪,不導向滅,不導向寂止,不導向證智,不導向正覺,不導向涅槃。“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘釋迦子沙門們從事於這四種樂的實踐而住。’對他們應當說‘不要這樣[說]’。他們那樣說並不是在正確地說你們,而是以不實、不真之事誹謗[你們]。

183. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘sukhallikānuyogamanuyuttā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā viharantī’ti. Evaṃvādino [vadamānā (syā.)], cunda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘katamo so, āvuso, sukhallikānuyogo? Sukhallikānuyogā hi bahū anekavihitā nānappakārakā’ti.
‘‘Cattārome, cunda, sukhallikānuyogā hīnā gammā pothujjanikā anariyā anatthasaṃhitā na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattanti. Katame cattāro?
‘‘Idha, cunda, ekacco bālo pāṇe vadhitvā vadhitvā attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti. Ayaṃ paṭhamo sukhallikānuyogo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, cunda, idhekacco adinnaṃ ādiyitvā ādiyitvā attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti. Ayaṃ dutiyo sukhallikānuyogo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, cunda, idhekacco musā bhaṇitvā bhaṇitvā attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti. Ayaṃ tatiyo sukhallikānuyogo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, cunda, idhekacco pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti. Ayaṃ catuttho sukhallikānuyogo.
‘‘Ime kho, cunda, cattāro sukhallikānuyogā hīnā gammā pothujjanikā anariyā anatthasaṃhitā na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattanti.
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘‘ime cattāro sukhallikānuyoge anuyuttā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā viharantī’ti. Te vo [te (sī. pī.)] ‘māhevaṃ’ tissu vacanīyā. Na te vo sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ, abbhācikkheyyuṃ asatā abhūtena.
184PTS 3.132緬 3.109已對照

“純陀,有這四種樂的實踐,一向導向厭離、離貪、滅、寂止、證智、正覺、涅槃。是哪四種呢?“純陀,於此,比丘已離諸欲,離諸不善法,有尋、有伺,離生喜、樂,成就並住於初禪。這是第一種樂的實踐。“再者,純陀,比丘尋、伺寂止……乃至……成就並住於第二禪。這是第二種樂的實踐。“再者,純陀,比丘離喜……乃至……成就並住於第三禪。這是第三種樂的實踐。“再者,純陀,比丘舍斷樂與舍斷苦……乃至……成就並住於第四禪。這是第四種樂的實踐。“純陀,這就是那四種樂的實踐,一向導向厭離、離貪、滅、寂止、證智、正覺、涅槃。“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘釋迦子沙門們從事於這四種樂的實踐而住。’對他們應當說‘正是如此’。他們那樣說才是在正確地說你們,不是以不實、不真之事誹謗[你們]。

184. ‘‘Cattārome, cunda, sukhallikānuyogā ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattanti. Katame cattāro?
‘‘Idha, cunda, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo sukhallikānuyogo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, cunda, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ dutiyo sukhallikānuyogo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, cunda, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ tatiyo sukhallikānuyogo.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, cunda, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ catuttho sukhallikānuyogo.
‘‘Ime kho, cunda, cattāro sukhallikānuyogā ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattanti.
已對照

樂的實踐的功德

“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘諸位賢友,從事於這四種樂的實踐而住者,可期望有幾種果、幾種功德呢?’純陀,對這樣說的其他外道遊方者應當這樣說:‘賢友,從事於這四種樂的實踐而住者,可期望有四種果、四種功德。是哪四種呢?賢友,於此,比丘由三結的滅盡而成為須陀洹,不墮惡趣,決定趣向正覺——這是第一種果、第一種功德。再者,賢友,比丘由三結的滅盡、貪瞋痴的薄弱而成為斯陀含,只再來此世間一次便將作苦的邊際——這是第二種果、第二種功德。再者,賢友,比丘由五下分結的滅盡而成為化生者,將在那裡般涅槃,不再從彼世間還來——這是第三種果、第三種功德。再者,賢友,比丘由諸漏滅盡,於現法中自以證智作證、具足而住於無漏的心解脫、慧解脫——這是第四種果、第四種功德。賢友,從事於這四種樂的實踐而住者,可期望有這四種果、這四種功德。’

‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘‘ime cattāro sukhallikānuyoge anuyuttā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā viharantī’ti. Te vo ‘evaṃ’ tissu vacanīyā. Sammā te vo vadamānā vadeyyuṃ, na te vo abbhācikkheyyuṃ asatā abhūtena.
Sukhallikānuyogānisaṃso
185緬 3.110已對照

漏盡者不可能之事

“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘釋迦子沙門們是無住立之法者。’純陀,對這樣說的其他外道遊方者應當這樣說:‘賢友,那位知者、見者、阿羅漢、正等正覺者的世尊,已為弟子們教說、施設了盡形壽不可違越的諸法。賢友,猶如因陀羅柱(indakhīla)或鐵柱,基礎深固、善加埋下,不動、不搖;賢友,正是如此,那位知者、見者、阿羅漢、正等正覺者的世尊,已為弟子們教說、施設了盡形壽不可違越的諸法。賢友,凡是那位阿羅漢、諸漏已盡、[梵行]已立、所作已辦、重擔已卸、己利已達、有結已盡、以正智解脫的比丘,他不可能違犯九種事:賢友,漏盡比丘不可能故意奪取生類之命;漏盡比丘不可能取所謂偷盜的不與之物;漏盡比丘不可能行淫慾法;漏盡比丘不可能故意說妄語;漏盡比丘不可能像從前在家時那樣積蓄而受用諸欲;漏盡比丘不可能行欲趣(chandāgati);漏盡比丘不可能行瞋趣;漏盡比丘不可能行痴趣;漏盡比丘不可能行怖趣。賢友,凡是那位阿羅漢、諸漏已盡、[梵行]已立、所作已辦、重擔已卸、己利已達、有結已盡、以正智解脫的比丘,他不可能違犯這九種事。’

185. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ime panāvuso, cattāro sukhallikānuyoge anuyuttānaṃ viharataṃ kati phalāni katānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā’ti? Evaṃvādino, cunda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘ime kho, āvuso, cattāro sukhallikānuyoge anuyuttānaṃ viharataṃ cattāri phalāni cattāro ānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā. Katame cattāro? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ phalaṃ, paṭhamo ānisaṃso. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hoti, sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. Idaṃ dutiyaṃ phalaṃ, dutiyo ānisaṃso. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti, tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Idaṃ tatiyaṃ phalaṃ, tatiyo ānisaṃso. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ catutthaṃ phalaṃ catuttho ānisaṃso. Ime kho, āvuso, cattāro sukhallikānuyoge anuyuttānaṃ viharataṃ imāni cattāri phalāni, cattāro ānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti.
Khīṇāsavaabhabbaṭhānaṃ
186–187PTS 3.133緬 3.111已對照

問題的解答

“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘沙門喬達摩就過去世而施設無邊際的智見,卻不就未來世而施設無邊際的智見——這究竟是什麼?這究竟是怎樣的?’而那些其他外道遊方者,正像愚痴無智的人一樣,以為應當以緣於他事而轉起的智見去施設[另]一種緣於他事而轉起的智見。純陀,就過去世而言,如來有隨念之智(satānusāri ñāṇa),他想要[憶念]多少,便憶念多少;而就未來世而言,如來生起由覺[樹]下所生的智(bodhija ñāṇa)——‘這是最後一生,如今不再有後有。’“純陀,若過去[之事]是不真實的、不如實的、無益的,如來便不解答它;純陀,若過去[之事]是真實的、如實的而無益的,如來也不解答它;純陀,若過去[之事]是真實的、如實的、有益的,那麼如來於此便是知時者,[知]解答那問題[的時機]。純陀,若未來[之事]是不真實的、不如實的、無益的,如來便不解答它……乃至……[知]解答那問題[的時機]。純陀,若現在[之事]是不真實的、不如實的、無益的,如來便不解答它;純陀,若現在[之事]是真實的、如實的而無益的,如來也不解答它;純陀,若現在[之事]是真實的、如實的、有益的,那麼如來於此便是知時者,[知]解答那問題[的時機]。

186. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘aṭṭhitadhammā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā viharantī’ti. Evaṃvādino, cunda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sāvakānaṃ dhammā desitā paññattā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyā. Seyyathāpi, āvuso, indakhīlo vā ayokhīlo vā gambhīranemo sunikhāto acalo asampavedhī. Evameva kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sāvakānaṃ dhammā desitā paññattā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyā. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto, abhabbo so nava ṭhānāni ajjhācarituṃ. Abhabbo, āvuso, khīṇāsavo bhikkhu sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropetuṃ; abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādiyituṃ; abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevituṃ; abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu sampajānamusā bhāsituṃ; abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu sannidhikārakaṃ kāme paribhuñjituṃ seyyathāpi pubbe āgārikabhūto; abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu chandāgatiṃ gantuṃ; abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu dosāgatiṃ gantuṃ; abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu mohāgatiṃ gantuṃ; abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu bhayāgatiṃ gantuṃ. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto, abhabbo so imāni nava ṭhānāni ajjhācaritu’’nti.
Pañhābyākaraṇaṃ
187. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘atītaṃ kho addhānaṃ ārabbha samaṇo gotamo atīrakaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paññapeti, no ca kho anāgataṃ addhānaṃ ārabbha atīrakaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paññapeti, tayidaṃ kiṃsu tayidaṃ kathaṃsū’ti? Te ca aññatitthiyā paribbājakā aññavihitakena ñāṇadassanena aññavihitakaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ maññanti yathariva bālā abyattā. Atītaṃ kho, cunda, addhānaṃ ārabbha tathāgatassa satānusāri ñāṇaṃ hoti; so yāvatakaṃ ākaṅkhati tāvatakaṃ anussarati. Anāgatañca kho addhānaṃ ārabbha tathāgatassa bodhijaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjati – ‘ayamantimā jāti, natthidāni punabbhavo’ti. ‘Atītaṃ cepi, cunda, hoti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, na taṃ tathāgato byākaroti. Atītaṃ cepi, cunda, hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, tampi tathāgato na byākaroti. Atītaṃ cepi cunda, hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya. Anāgataṃ cepi, cunda, hoti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, na taṃ tathāgato byākaroti…pe… tassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya. Paccuppannaṃ cepi, cunda, hoti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, na taṃ tathāgato byākaroti. Paccuppannaṃ cepi, cunda, hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, tampi tathāgato na byākaroti. Paccuppannaṃ cepi, cunda, hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya.
188已對照

“如是,純陀,如來於過去、未來、現在諸法中是說時者、說真實者、說義利者、說法者、說律者,所以稱為『如來』。純陀,凡此有天、魔、梵天的世間,以及有沙門、婆羅門、諸天與人的人眾中,所見、所聞、所覺、所識、所得、所求、以意所伺察的一切,都為如來所現正覺,所以稱為『如來』。純陀,從如來現正覺無上正等正覺的那一夜,到於無餘涅槃界般涅槃的那一夜,其間凡所說、所言、所示的一切,都正是那樣而非別樣,所以稱為『如來』。純陀,如來怎樣說就怎樣做,怎樣做就怎樣說;如是,怎樣說就怎樣做、怎樣做就怎樣說,所以稱為『如來』。純陀,於此有天、魔、梵天的世間,以及有沙門、婆羅門、諸天與人的人眾中,如來是征服者、不被征服者、全見者、自在者,所以稱為『如來』。

188. ‘‘Iti kho, cunda, atītānāgatapaccuppannesu dhammesu tathāgato kālavādī [kālavādī saccavādī (syā.)] bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī, tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccati. Yañca kho, cunda, sadevakassa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā, sabbaṃ tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ, tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccati. Yañca, cunda, rattiṃ tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhati, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, yaṃ etasmiṃ antare bhāsati lapati niddisati. Sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti no aññathā, tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccati. Yathāvādī, cunda, tathāgato tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī, tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccati. Sadevake loke, cunda, samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī, tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccati.
Abyākataṭṭhānaṃ
189PTS 3.136緬 3.112已對照

未記說之處

“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘賢友,如來死後存在嗎?唯此為真,餘者虛妄。’純陀,對這樣說的其他外道遊方者應當這樣說:‘賢友,世尊未曾記說:“如來死後存在,唯此為真,餘者虛妄。”’“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘那麼賢友,如來死後不存在嗎?唯此為真,餘者虛妄。’純陀,對這樣說的其他外道遊方者應當這樣說:‘賢友,這也是世尊未曾記說的:“如來死後不存在,唯此為真,餘者虛妄。”’“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘那麼賢友,如來死後既存在又不存在嗎?唯此為真,餘者虛妄。’純陀,對這樣說的其他外道遊方者應當這樣說:‘賢友,這也是世尊未曾記說的:“如來死後既存在又不存在,唯此為真,餘者虛妄。”’“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘那麼賢友,如來死後既非存在又非不存在嗎?唯此為真,餘者虛妄。’純陀,對這樣說的其他外道遊方者應當這樣說:‘賢友,這也是世尊未曾記說的:“如來死後既非存在又非不存在,唯此為真,餘者虛妄。”’“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘那麼賢友,沙門喬達摩為什麼不記說這個呢?’純陀,對這樣說的其他外道遊方者應當這樣說:‘賢友,因為這不與義利相應,不與法相應,不是梵行的初步,不導向厭離,不導向離貪,不導向滅,不導向寂止,不導向證智,不導向正覺,不導向涅槃,所以世尊不記說它。’

189. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso, hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti? Evaṃvādino, cunda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘abyākataṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavatā – ‘‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’’’nti.
190PTS 3.137緬 3.113已對照

已記說之處

“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘那麼賢友,沙門喬達摩記說了什麼呢?’純陀,對這樣說的其他外道遊方者應當這樣說:‘賢友,世尊記說了『此是苦』;賢友,世尊記說了『此是苦集』;賢友,世尊記說了『此是苦滅』;賢友,世尊記說了『此是導向苦滅的行道』。’“純陀,有這樣的情形:其他外道遊方者可能會這樣說:‘那麼賢友,沙門喬達摩為什麼記說這個呢?’純陀,對這樣說的其他外道遊方者應當這樣說:‘賢友,因為這與義利相應,這與法相應,這是梵行的初步,一向導向厭離、離貪、滅、寂止、證智、正覺、涅槃,所以世尊記說了它。’

‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘kiṃ panāvuso, na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti? Evaṃvādino, cunda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘etampi kho, āvuso, bhagavatā abyākataṃ – ‘‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’’’nti.
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘kiṃ panāvuso, hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti? Evaṃvādino, cunda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘abyākataṃ kho etaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā – ‘‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’’’nti.
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘kiṃ panāvuso, neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti? Evaṃvādino, cunda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘etampi kho, āvuso, bhagavatā abyākataṃ – ‘‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’’’nti.
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘kasmā panetaṃ, āvuso, samaṇena gotamena abyākata’nti? Evaṃvādino, cunda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘na hetaṃ, āvuso, atthasaṃhitaṃ na dhammasaṃhitaṃ na ādibrahmacariyakaṃ na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattati, tasmā taṃ bhagavatā abyākata’nti.
Byākataṭṭhānaṃ
190. ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘kiṃ panāvuso, samaṇena gotamena byākata’nti? Evaṃvādino, cunda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘idaṃ dukkhanti kho, āvuso, bhagavatā byākataṃ, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti kho, āvuso, bhagavatā byākataṃ, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti kho, āvuso, bhagavatā byākataṃ, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti kho, āvuso, bhagavatā byākata’nti.
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati, yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘kasmā panetaṃ, āvuso, samaṇena gotamena byākata’nti? Evaṃvādino, cunda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘etañhi, āvuso, atthasaṃhitaṃ, etaṃ dhammasaṃhitaṃ, etaṃ ādibrahmacariyakaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Tasmā taṃ bhagavatā byākata’nti.
Pubbantasahagatadiṭṭhinissayā
191PTS 3.138緬 3.114已對照

與前際俱行的見依

“純陀,凡那些與前際俱行的見依(diṭṭhinissaya),我已按它們所應記說的那樣為你們記說了;至於它們不應被記說的那些[方面],我又何必為你們那樣記說呢?純陀,凡那些與後際俱行的見依,我也已按它們所應記說的那樣為你們記說了;至於它們不應被記說的那些[方面],我又何必為你們那樣記說呢?純陀,什麼是那些我已按所應記說的那樣為你們記說的、與前際俱行的見依呢(至於它們不應被記說的那些[方面],我又何必為你們那樣記說)?純陀,有一些沙門婆羅門作如是說、持如是見:‘自我與世間是常恆的,唯此為真,餘者虛妄。’純陀,又有一些沙門婆羅門作如是說、持如是見:‘自我與世間是無常的’……乃至……‘自我與世間既是常恆的又是無常的’……‘自我與世間既非常恆亦非無常’……‘自我與世間是自作的’……‘自我與世間是他作的’……‘自我與世間既是自作的又是他作的’……‘自我與世間非自作、非他作,是無因生的’,‘唯此為真,餘者虛妄’。‘苦樂是常恆的’……‘苦樂是無常的’……‘苦樂既是常恆的又是無常的’……‘苦樂既非常恆亦非無常’……‘苦樂是自作的’……‘苦樂是他作的’……‘苦樂既是自作的又是他作的’……‘苦樂非自作、非他作,是無因生的,唯此為真,餘者虛妄’。

191. ‘‘Yepi te, cunda, pubbantasahagatā diṭṭhinissayā, tepi vo mayā byākatā, yathā te byākātabbā. Yathā ca te na byākātabbā, kiṃ vo ahaṃ te tathā [tattha (syā. ka.)] byākarissāmi? Yepi te, cunda, aparantasahagatā diṭṭhinissayā, tepi vo mayā byākatā, yathā te byākātabbā. Yathā ca te na byākātabbā, kiṃ vo ahaṃ te tathā byākarissāmi? Katame ca te, cunda, pubbantasahagatā diṭṭhinissayā, ye vo mayā byākatā, yathā te byākātabbā. (Yathā ca te na byākātabbā, kiṃ vo ahaṃ te tathā byākarissāmi) [(yathā ca te na byākātabbā) sabbattha]? Santi kho, cunda, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘sassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Santi pana, cunda, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘asassato attā ca loko ca…pe… sassato ca asassato ca attā ca loko ca… neva sassato nāsassato attā ca loko ca… sayaṃkato attā ca loko ca… paraṃkato attā ca loko ca… sayaṃkato ca paraṃkato ca attā ca loko ca… asayaṃkāro aparaṃkāro adhiccasamuppanno attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Sassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ… asassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ… sassatañca asassatañca sukhadukkhaṃ… nevasassataṃ nāsassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ… sayaṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ… paraṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ… sayaṃkatañca paraṃkatañca sukhadukkhaṃ… asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti.
192已對照

“純陀,其中,那些作如是說、持如是見的沙門婆羅門——‘自我與世間是常恆的,唯此為真,餘者虛妄’——我便走近他們這樣說:‘賢友,是否真有此說——“自我與世間是常恆的”呢?’而他們所說的‘唯此為真,餘者虛妄’,這一點我不認可他們。那是什麼緣故呢?純陀,因為此中也有一些眾生是異想者。純陀,就連這一施設,我也不見有[人]與我相等,何況更勝?其實在此正是我更勝,即在增上施設(adhipaññatti)上。

192. ‘‘Tatra, cunda, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘sassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Tyāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadāmi – ‘atthi nu kho idaṃ, āvuso, vuccati – ‘‘sassato attā ca loko cā’’ti? Yañca kho te evamāhaṃsu – ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Taṃ tesaṃ nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Aññathāsaññinopi hettha, cunda, santeke sattā. Imāyapi kho ahaṃ, cunda, paññattiyā neva attanā samasamaṃ samanupassāmi kuto bhiyyo. Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo yadidaṃ adhipaññatti.
193PTS 3.139緬 3.115已對照

“純陀,其中,那些作如是說、持如是見的沙門婆羅門——‘自我與世間是無常的’……乃至……‘自我與世間既是常恆的又是無常的’……‘自我與世間既非常恆亦非無常’……‘自我與世間是自作的’……‘自我與世間是他作的’……‘自我與世間既是自作的又是他作的’……‘自我與世間非自作、非他作,是無因生的’……‘苦樂是常恆的’……‘苦樂是無常的’……‘苦樂既是常恆的又是無常的’……‘苦樂既非常恆亦非無常’……‘苦樂是自作的’……‘苦樂是他作的’……‘苦樂既是自作的又是他作的’……‘苦樂非自作、非他作,是無因生的,唯此為真,餘者虛妄’——我便走近他們這樣說:‘賢友,是否真有此說——“苦樂非自作、非他作,是無因生的”呢?’而他們所說的‘唯此為真,餘者虛妄’,這一點我不認可他們。那是什麼緣故呢?純陀,因為此中也有一些眾生是異想者。純陀,就連這一施設,我也不見有[人]與我相等,何況更勝?其實在此正是我更勝,即在增上施設(adhipaññatti)上。純陀,這些就是那些我已按所應記說的那樣為你們記說的、與前際俱行的見依;至於它們不應被記說的那些[方面],我又何必為你們那樣記說呢?

193. ‘‘Tatra, cunda, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘asassato attā ca loko ca…pe… sassato ca asassato ca attā ca loko ca… nevasassato nāsassato attā ca loko ca… sayaṃkato attā ca loko ca… paraṃkato attā ca loko ca… sayaṃkato ca paraṃkato ca attā ca loko ca… asayaṃkāro aparaṃkāro adhiccasamuppanno attā ca loko ca… sassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ… asassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ… sassatañca asassatañca sukhadukkhaṃ… nevasassataṃ nāsassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ… sayaṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ… paraṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ… sayaṃkatañca paraṃkatañca sukhadukkhaṃ… asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Tyāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadāmi – ‘atthi nu kho idaṃ, āvuso, vuccati – ‘‘asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ sukhadukkha’’’nti? Yañca kho te evamāhaṃsu – ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Taṃ tesaṃ nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Aññathāsaññinopi hettha, cunda, santeke sattā. Imāyapi kho ahaṃ, cunda, paññattiyā neva attanā samasamaṃ samanupassāmi kuto bhiyyo. Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo yadidaṃ adhipaññatti. Ime kho te, cunda, pubbantasahagatā diṭṭhinissayā, ye vo mayā byākatā, yathā te byākātabbā. Yathā ca te na byākātabbā, kiṃ vo ahaṃ te tathā byākarissāmīti [byākarissāmīti (sī. ka.)]?
Aparantasahagatadiṭṭhinissayā
194PTS 3.140已對照

與後際俱行的見依

“純陀,什麼是那些我已按所應記說的那樣為你們記說的、與後際俱行的見依呢(至於它們不應被記說的那些[方面],我又何必為你們那樣記說)?純陀,有一些沙門婆羅門作如是說、持如是見:‘自我死後是有色的、無病的,唯此為真,餘者虛妄。’純陀,又有一些沙門婆羅門作如是說、持如是見:‘自我是無色的’……乃至……‘自我是亦有色亦無色的’……‘自我是非有色非無色的’……‘自我是有想的’……‘自我是無想的’……‘自我是非想非非想的’……‘自我死後斷滅、消失、不存在’,‘唯此為真,餘者虛妄’。純陀,其中,那些作如是說、持如是見的沙門婆羅門——‘自我死後是有色的、無病的,唯此為真,餘者虛妄’——我便走近他們這樣說:‘賢友,是否真有此說——“自我死後是有色的、無病的”呢?’而他們所說的‘唯此為真,餘者虛妄’,這一點我不認可他們。那是什麼緣故呢?純陀,因為此中也有一些眾生是異想者。純陀,就連這一施設,我也不見有[人]與我相等,何況更勝?其實在此正是我更勝,即在增上施設上。

194. ‘‘Katame ca te, cunda, aparantasahagatā diṭṭhinissayā, ye vo mayā byākatā, yathā te byākātabbā. (Yathā ca te na byākātabbā, kiṃ vo ahaṃ te tathā byākarissāmī) [( ) etthantare pāṭho sabbatthapi paripuṇṇo dissati]? Santi, cunda, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘rūpī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Santi pana, cunda, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘arūpī attā hoti…pe… rūpī ca arūpī ca attā hoti… nevarūpī nārūpī attā hoti… saññī attā hoti… asaññī attā hoti… nevasaññīnāsaññī attā hoti… attā ucchijjati vinassati na hoti paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Tatra, cunda, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘rūpī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Tyāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadāmi – ‘atthi nu kho idaṃ, āvuso, vuccati – ‘‘rūpī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti? Yañca kho te evamāhaṃsu – ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Taṃ tesaṃ nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Aññathāsaññinopi hettha, cunda, santeke sattā. Imāyapi kho ahaṃ, cunda, paññattiyā neva attanā samasamaṃ samanupassāmi kuto bhiyyo. Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo yadidaṃ adhipaññatti.
195PTS 3.141緬 3.116已對照

“純陀,其中,那些作如是說、持如是見的沙門婆羅門——‘自我是無色的’……乃至……‘自我是亦有色亦無色的’……‘自我是非有色非無色的’……‘自我是有想的’……‘自我是無想的’……‘自我是非想非非想的’……‘自我死後斷滅、消失、不存在’,‘唯此為真,餘者虛妄’——我便走近他們這樣說:‘賢友,是否真有此說——“自我死後斷滅、消失、不存在”呢?’純陀,而他們所說的‘唯此為真,餘者虛妄’,這一點我不認可他們。那是什麼緣故呢?純陀,因為此中也有一些眾生是異想者。純陀,就連這一施設,我也不見有[人]與我相等,何況更勝?其實在此正是我更勝,即在增上施設上。純陀,這些就是那些我已按所應記說的那樣為你們記說的、與後際俱行的見依;至於它們不應被記說的那些[方面],我又何必為你們那樣記說呢?

195. ‘‘Tatra, cunda, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘arūpī attā hoti…pe… rūpī ca arūpī ca attā hoti… nevarūpīnārūpī attā hoti… saññī attā hoti… asaññī attā hoti… nevasaññīnāsaññī attā hoti… attā ucchijjati vinassati na hoti paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Tyāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadāmi – ‘atthi nu kho idaṃ, āvuso, vuccati – ‘‘attā ucchijjati vinassati na hoti paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti? Yañca kho te, cunda, evamāhaṃsu – ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Taṃ tesaṃ nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Aññathāsaññinopi hettha, cunda, santeke sattā. Imāyapi kho ahaṃ, cunda, paññattiyā neva attanā samasamaṃ samanupassāmi, kuto bhiyyo. Atha kho ahameva tattha bhiyyo yadidaṃ adhipaññatti. Ime kho te, cunda, aparantasahagatā diṭṭhinissayā, ye vo mayā byākatā, yathā te byākātabbā. Yathā ca te na byākātabbā, kiṃ vo ahaṃ te tathā byākarissāmīti [byākarissāmīti (sī. ka.)]?
196已對照

“純陀,為了舍斷、超越這些與前際俱行的見依和這些與後際俱行的見依,我如是教說、施設了四念處。是哪四種呢?純陀,在此,比丘於身隨觀身而住,熱勤(ātāpī)、正知、具念,調伏世間的貪與憂;於諸受隨觀受……乃至……於心隨觀心……於諸法隨觀法而住,熱勤、正知、具念,調伏世間的貪與憂。純陀,正是為了舍斷、超越這些與前際俱行的見依和這些與後際俱行的見依,我如是教說、施設了這四念處。”

196. ‘‘Imesañca, cunda, pubbantasahagatānaṃ diṭṭhinissayānaṃ imesañca aparantasahagatānaṃ diṭṭhinissayānaṃ pahānāya samatikkamāya evaṃ mayā cattāro satipaṭṭhānā desitā paññattā. Katame cattāro? Idha, cunda, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Vedanāsu vedanānupassī…pe… citte cittānupassī… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Imesañca cunda, pubbantasahagatānaṃ diṭṭhinissayānaṃ imesañca aparantasahagatānaṃ diṭṭhinissayānaṃ pahānāya samatikkamāya. Evaṃ mayā ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā desitā paññattā’’ti.
197已對照

當時,具壽優波婆那(Upavāṇa)正站在世尊身後為世尊扇[風]。那時,具壽優波婆那對世尊說:“尊者,真是稀有!尊者,真是未曾有!尊者,這法門真是令人淨信(pāsādika)啊;尊者,這法門真是極令人淨信啊。尊者,這法門叫什麼名字呢?”“所以,優波婆那,你就把這法門受持為『清淨』(pāsādika)吧。”世尊說了這[番話]。具壽優波婆那滿意、歡喜世尊之所說。第六《清淨經》完。

197. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upavāṇo bhagavato piṭṭhito ṭhito hoti bhagavantaṃ bījayamāno. Atha kho āyasmā upavāṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Pāsādiko vatāyaṃ, bhante, dhammapariyāyo; supāsādiko vatāyaṃ bhante, dhammapariyāyo, ko nāmāyaṃ bhante dhammapariyāyo’’ti? ‘‘Tasmātiha tvaṃ, upavāṇa, imaṃ dhammapariyāyaṃ ‘pāsādiko’ tveva naṃ dhārehī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā upavāṇo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
Pāsādikasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ.