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長部第21經 · 帝釋問經 Sakkapañhasuttaṃ

本經目錄八、帝釋所問經五髻的歌偈帝釋的到來瞿卑迦之事受業處波羅提木叉律儀根律儀得喜悅之說

344PTS 2.264緬 2.211已對照

八、帝釋所問經

三四四、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在摩揭陀國,王舍城以東有一個名叫庵婆三達(Ambasaṇḍā)的婆羅門村,村北的韋地耶山(Vediyaka)上因陀羅薩拉窟(Indasālaguhā)中。那時,諸天之主帝釋(Sakka devānaminda)生起了要見世尊的熱望。於是,諸天之主帝釋這樣想:“如今世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者住在哪裡呢?”諸天之主帝釋見到世尊住在摩揭陀國,王舍城以東名叫庵婆三達的婆羅門村,村北的韋地耶山上因陀羅薩拉窟中。見了之後,他告訴三十三天諸天:“諸位尊駕,這位世尊住在摩揭陀國,王舍城以東名叫庵婆三達的婆羅門村,村北的韋地耶山上因陀羅薩拉窟中。諸位尊駕,我們何不前往拜見那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者呢?”“是的,尊者。”三十三天諸天回答諸天之主帝釋。

344. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā magadhesu viharati, pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sakkassa devānamindassa ussukkaṃ udapādi bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Atha kho sakkassa devānamindassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti? Addasā kho sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ magadhesu viharantaṃ pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Disvāna deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi – ‘‘ayaṃ, mārisā, bhagavā magadhesu viharati, pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Yadi pana, mārisā, mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyāma arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’’ti kho devā tāvatiṃsā sakkassa devānamindassa paccassosuṃ.
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三四五、於是,諸天之主帝釋告訴乾闥婆天子五髻(Pañcasikha gandhabbadevaputta):“親愛的五髻,這位世尊住在摩揭陀國,王舍城以東名叫庵婆三達的婆羅門村,村北的韋地耶山上因陀羅薩拉窟中。親愛的五髻,我們何不前往拜見那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者呢?”“是的,尊者。”乾闥婆天子五髻應諾諸天之主帝釋之後,拿起貝盧瓦黃色琵琶(beluvapaṇḍuvīṇā),隨行於諸天之主帝釋之側。

345. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ [gandhabbaputtaṃ (syā.)] āmantesi – ‘‘ayaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, bhagavā magadhesu viharati pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Yadi pana, tāta pañcasikha, mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyāma arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’’ti kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya sakkassa devānamindassa anucariyaṃ upāgami.
346緬 2.212已對照

三四六、於是,諸天之主帝釋在三十三天諸天圍繞、乾闥婆天子五髻前導之下,猶如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那樣,就在三十三天諸天之中隱沒,出現於摩揭陀國王舍城以東名叫庵婆三達的婆羅門村,村北的韋地耶山上。那時,由於諸天以其天威力[之故],韋地耶山與庵婆三達婆羅門村都變得極其光明。四周諸村的人們這樣說:“今天韋地耶山像是著了火,今天韋地耶山像是在燃燒,今天韋地耶山像是在放光——今天韋地耶山與庵婆三達婆羅門村怎麼會變得這樣極其光明?”他們心生悚懼,身毛豎立。

346. Atha kho sakko devānamindo devehi tāvatiṃsehi parivuto pañcasikhena gandhabbadevaputtena purakkhato seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya; evameva devesu tāvatiṃsesu antarahito magadhesu pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate paccuṭṭhāsi. Tena kho pana samayena vediyako pabbato atiriva obhāsajāto hoti ambasaṇḍā ca brāhmaṇagāmo yathā taṃ devānaṃ devānubhāvena. Apissudaṃ parito gāmesu manussā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘ādittassu nāmajja vediyako pabbato jhāyatisu [jhāyatassu (syā.), pajjhāyitassu (sī. pī.)] nāmajja vediyako pabbato jalatisu [jalatassu (syā.), jalitassu (sī. pī.)] nāmajja vediyako pabbato kiṃsu nāmajja vediyako pabbato atiriva obhāsajāto ambasaṇḍā ca brāhmaṇagāmo’’ti saṃviggā lomahaṭṭhajātā ahesuṃ.
347PTS 2.265已對照

三四七、於是,諸天之主帝釋告訴乾闥婆天子五髻:“親愛的五髻,諸如來對我這樣的[人]是難以接近的——[他們]禪修、樂於禪那,在那期間獨處宴默。親愛的五髻,你何不先令世尊生起歡喜;親愛的[五髻],由你先令[世尊]歡喜之後,我們隨後再前往拜見那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者。”“是的,尊者。”乾闥婆天子五髻應諾諸天之主帝釋之後,拿起貝盧瓦黃色琵琶,來到因陀羅薩拉窟;到了之後,[心想]:“在這個距離上,世尊對我既不太遠,也不太近,而且他能聽到我的聲音。”便站在一旁。

347. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘durupasaṅkamā kho, tāta pañcasikha, tathāgatā mādisena, jhāyī jhānaratā, tadantaraṃ [tadanantaraṃ (sī. syā. pī. ka.)] paṭisallīnā. Yadi pana tvaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, bhagavantaṃ paṭhamaṃ pasādeyyāsi, tayā, tāta, paṭhamaṃ pasāditaṃ pacchā mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyāma arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha’’nti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’’ti kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya yena indasālaguhā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘ettāvatā me bhagavā neva atidūre bhavissati nāccāsanne, saddañca me sossatī’’ti ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi.
Pañcasikhagītagāthā
348已對照

五髻的歌偈

三四八、站在一旁的乾闥婆天子五髻彈奏起貝盧瓦黃色琵琶,並誦出這些與佛陀相關、與法相關、與僧團相關、與阿羅漢相關、與愛慾相關的偈頌——

348. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ [veḷuvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya (syā.)] assāvesi, imā ca gāthā abhāsi buddhūpasañhitā dhammūpasañhitā saṅghūpasañhitā arahantūpasañhitā kāmūpasañhitā –
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“跋達(bhadde)啊,蘇利亞瓦差薩(Sūriyavacchasā)啊,我禮敬你的父親鎮頭盧(Timbaru);

‘‘Vande te pitaraṃ bhadde, timbaruṃ sūriyavacchase;
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由他生了你這美麗者,我的歡喜之所由生。

Yena jātāsi kalyāṇī, ānandajananī mama.
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“如同風之於流汗者是可愛的,如同水之於口渴者;

‘‘Vātova sedataṃ kanto, pānīyaṃva pipāsato;
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光耀肢體的[女子](aṅgīrasi)啊,你於我是可愛的,猶如法之於諸阿羅漢。

Aṅgīrasi piyāmesi, dhammo arahatāmiva.
PTS 2.266已對照

“如同藥之於病者,如同食之於飢者;

‘‘Āturasseva bhesajjaṃ, bhojanaṃva jighacchato;
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賢善的[女子]啊,請令我息滅清涼,猶如以水[澆滅]燃燒者。

Parinibbāpaya maṃ bhadde, jalantamiva vārinā.
緬 2.213已對照

“[如]清涼的水池,遍佈花蕊與花粉;

‘‘Sītodakaṃ pokkharaṇiṃ, yuttaṃ kiñjakkhareṇunā;
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猶如為暑熱所逼的大象,願我潛入你的胸懷。

Nāgo ghammābhitattova, ogāhe te thanūdaraṃ.
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“猶如掙脫鐵鉤的大象,我已勝過刺棒與長矛;

‘‘Accaṅkusova nāgova, jitaṃ me tuttatomaraṃ;
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我不知[這是]什麼緣故——為[你]妙相之股所迷醉。

Kāraṇaṃ nappajānāmi, sammatto lakkhaṇūruyā.
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“我心貪著於你,心已變異;

‘‘Tayi gedhitacittosmi, cittaṃ vipariṇāmitaṃ;
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我無法回頭,猶如吞了鉤的魚。

Paṭigantuṃ na sakkomi, vaṅkaghastova ambujo.
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“美股的[女子]啊,請擁抱我,賢善的[女子]啊;溫柔眼眸的[女子]啊,請擁抱我;

‘‘Vāmūru saja maṃ bhadde, saja maṃ mandalocane;
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美麗者啊,請緊抱我,這正是我所渴望的。

Palissaja maṃ kalyāṇi, etaṃ me abhipatthitaṃ.
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“捲髮的[女子]啊,我對你的愛慾本來微少;

‘‘Appako vata me santo, kāmo vellitakesiyā;
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卻生出了種種[增廣],猶如[施於]諸阿羅漢的供施[果報增廣]。

Anekabhāvo samuppādi, arahanteva dakkhiṇā.
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“凡我於如是諸阿羅漢所作的福,

‘‘Yaṃ me atthi kataṃ puññaṃ, arahantesu tādisu;
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一切肢體美麗的[女子]啊,願那[福]與你一同成熟。

Taṃ me sabbaṅgakalyāṇi, tayā saddhiṃ vipaccataṃ.
PTS 2.267已對照

“凡我在這大地之上所作的福,

‘‘Yaṃ me atthi kataṃ puññaṃ, asmiṃ pathavimaṇḍale;
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一切肢體美麗的[女子]啊,願那[福]與你一同成熟。

Taṃ me sabbaṅgakalyāṇi, tayā saddhiṃ vipaccataṃ.
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“猶如釋迦子以禪那而心專一、賢明、具念,

‘‘Sakyaputtova jhānena, ekodi nipako sato;
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猶如牟尼尋求不死——蘇利亞瓦差薩啊,我[如此]尋求你。

Amataṃ muni jigīsāno [jigiṃsāno (sī. syā. pī.)], tamahaṃ sūriyavacchase.
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“猶如牟尼證得無上正覺時會歡喜,

‘‘Yathāpi muni nandeyya, patvā sambodhimuttamaṃ;
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美麗者啊,我與你結合時也將這樣歡喜。

Evaṃ nandeyyaṃ kalyāṇi, missībhāvaṃ gato tayā.
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“若三十三天之主帝釋賜我一願,

‘‘Sakko ce me varaṃ dajjā, tāvatiṃsānamissaro;
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賢善的[女子]啊,我便求你——我的愛慾如此堅固。

Tāhaṃ bhadde vareyyāhe, evaṃ kāmo daḷho mama.
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“善慧的[女子]啊,你的父親猶如新近開花的娑羅樹,

‘‘Sālaṃva na ciraṃ phullaṃ, pitaraṃ te sumedhase;
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我恭敬禮拜他——他有你這樣的女兒。”

Vandamāno namassāmi, yassā setādisī pajā’’ti.
349PTS 2.268緬 2.214已對照

三四九、這樣說時,世尊對乾闥婆天子五髻說:“五髻,你的絃音與歌聲相合,歌聲也與絃音相合;五髻,你的絃音並不超過歌聲,歌聲也不超過絃音。五髻,你這些與佛陀相關、與法相關、與僧團相關、與阿羅漢相關、與愛慾相關的偈頌,是什麼時候編成的呢?”

“尊者,有一次,世尊住在優樓頻螺、尼連禪河(Nerañjarā)岸邊的牧羊人尼拘陀樹(ajapālanigrodha,古譯「阿闍波羅尼拘律樹」)下,初現正覺。尊者,那時有一位名叫跋陀·蘇利耶瓦車薩(Bhaddā Sūriyavacchasā)的,是乾闥婆王鎮頭盧之女,我傾慕於她。可是,尊者,那位姊妹卻已愛著他人:御者摩多利(Mātali)之子名叫屍建陀(Sikhaṇḍī),她傾慕於他。尊者,我用任何方法都得不到那位姊妹。於是我拿起貝盧瓦黃色琵琶,前往乾闥婆王鎮頭盧的住處;到了之後,彈奏起貝盧瓦黃色琵琶,誦出這些與佛陀相關、與法相關、與僧團相關、與阿羅漢相關、與愛慾相關的偈頌——

“‘跋達啊,蘇利亞瓦差薩啊,我禮敬你的父親鎮頭盧;由他生了你這美麗者,我的歡喜之所由生。’……乃至……‘善慧的[女子]啊,你的父親猶如新近開花的娑羅樹,我恭敬禮拜他——他有你這樣的女兒。’

“尊者,這樣說時,跋陀·蘇利耶瓦車薩對我說:‘尊駕,我並不曾當面見過那位世尊;不過我在三十三天諸天的善法堂(Sudhammā sabhā)中起舞時,曾聽說過那位世尊。尊駕,既然你這樣稱揚那位世尊,那麼就讓我們今天相會吧。’尊者,我與那位姊妹的相會,就是這樣發生的;此後再也沒有[相會]了。”

349. Evaṃ vutte bhagavā pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘saṃsandati kho te, pañcasikha, tantissaro gītassarena, gītassaro ca tantissarena; na ca pana [neva pana (syā.)] te pañcasikha, tantissaro gītassaraṃ ativattati, gītassaro ca tantissaraṃ. Kadā saṃyūḷhā pana te, pañcasikha, imā gāthā buddhūpasañhitā dhammūpasañhitā saṅghūpasañhitā arahantūpasañhitā kāmūpasañhitā’’ti? ‘‘Ekamidaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhe paṭhamābhisambuddho. Tena kho panāhaṃ, bhante, samayena bhaddā nāma sūriyavacchasā timbaruno gandhabbarañño dhītā, tamabhikaṅkhāmi. Sā kho pana, bhante, bhaginī parakāminī hoti; sikhaṇḍī nāma mātalissa saṅgāhakassa putto, tamabhikaṅkhati. Yato kho ahaṃ, bhante, taṃ bhaginiṃ nālatthaṃ kenaci pariyāyena. Athāhaṃ beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya yena timbaruno gandhabbarañño nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃ; upasaṅkamitvā beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ assāvesiṃ, imā ca gāthā abhāsiṃ buddhūpasañhitā dhammūpasañhitā saṅghūpasañhitā arahantūpasañhitā kāmūpasañhitā –
‘‘Vande te pitaraṃ bhadde, timbaruṃ sūriyavacchase;
Yena jātāsi kalyāṇī, ānandajananī mama. …pe…
Sālaṃva na ciraṃ phullaṃ, pitaraṃ te sumedhase;
Vandamāno namassāmi, yassā setādisī pajā’’ti.
‘‘Evaṃ vutte, bhante, bhaddā sūriyavacchasā maṃ etadavoca – ‘na kho me, mārisa, so bhagavā sammukhā diṭṭho api ca sutoyeva me so bhagavā devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sudhammāyaṃ sabhāyaṃ upanaccantiyā. Yato kho tvaṃ, mārisa, taṃ bhagavantaṃ kittesi, hotu no ajja samāgamo’ti. Soyeva no, bhante, tassā bhaginiyā saddhiṃ samāgamo ahosi. Na ca dāni tato pacchā’’ti.
Sakkūpasaṅkama
350緬 2.215已對照

帝釋的到來

三五〇、那時,諸天之主帝釋這樣想:“乾闥婆天子五髻正與世尊互相問候,世尊也與五髻[互相問候]。”於是,諸天之主帝釋告訴乾闥婆天子五髻:“親愛的五髻,你替我向世尊致意——‘尊者,諸天之主帝釋與其大臣、眷屬,以頭禮敬世尊雙足。’”“是的,尊者。”乾闥婆天子五髻應諾諸天之主帝釋之後,便向世尊致意:“尊者,諸天之主帝釋與其大臣、眷屬,以頭禮敬世尊雙足。”“五髻,願諸天之主帝釋與其大臣、眷屬安樂;因為諸天、人、阿修羅、龍、乾闥婆以及其餘種種眾類,都是欲求安樂的。”

350. Atha kho sakkassa devānamindassa etadahosi – ‘‘paṭisammodati pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto bhagavatā, bhagavā ca pañcasikhenā’’ti. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘abhivādehi me tvaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, bhagavantaṃ – ‘sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’ti’’. ‘‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’’ti kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādeti – ‘‘sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ sukhī hotu, pañcasikha, sakko devānamindo sāmacco saparijano; sukhakāmā hi devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā ye caññe santi puthukāyā’’ti.
351PTS 2.270已對照

三五一、諸如來正是這樣答問如此有威勢廣大的夜叉的。受到致意之後,諸天之主帝釋進入世尊[所在]的因陀羅薩拉窟,禮敬世尊,站在一旁。三十三天諸天也進入因陀羅薩拉窟,禮敬世尊,站在一旁。乾闥婆天子五髻也進入因陀羅薩拉窟,禮敬世尊,站在一旁。那時,因陀羅薩拉窟原本崎嶇不平,[此時]變得平坦;原本狹窄侷促,[此時]變得寬敞;窟中的黑暗消失了,光明生起——這正是諸天以其天威力[之故]。

351. Evañca pana tathāgatā evarūpe mahesakkhe yakkhe abhivadanti. Abhivadito sakko devānamindo bhagavato indasālaguhaṃ pavisitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Devāpi tāvatiṃsā indasālaguhaṃ pavisitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Pañcasikhopi gandhabbadevaputto indasālaguhaṃ pavisitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi.
Tena kho pana samayena indasālaguhā visamā santī samā samapādi, sambādhā santī urundā [uruddā (ka.)] samapādi, andhakāro guhāyaṃ antaradhāyi, āloko udapādi yathā taṃ devānaṃ devānubhāvena.
352PTS 2.271緬 2.216已對照

三五二、於是,世尊對諸天之主帝釋說:“具壽憍屍迦(Kosiya)這樣多事、這樣多所作為,竟能來到這裡——這在具壽憍屍迦是稀有的,這在具壽憍屍迦是未曾有的!”“尊者,我很久以來就想前來拜見世尊,只是被三十三天諸天的這樣那樣的事務纏身,因此未能前來拜見世尊。尊者,有一次,世尊住在舍衛城的松林精舍(salaḷāgāraka)。尊者,那時我曾到舍衛城去拜見世尊。可是尊者,那時世尊正坐入某一種定,而毗沙門天王(Vessavaṇa)的侍女、名叫布嘉帝(Bhūjati)的,正侍立於世尊[之前],合掌禮拜而立。尊者,於是我對布嘉帝這樣說:‘姊妹,你替我向世尊致意——「尊者,諸天之主帝釋與其大臣、眷屬,以頭禮敬世尊雙足。」’尊者,這樣說時,那位布嘉帝對我說:‘尊駕,現在不是拜見世尊的時候,世尊正在宴默。’‘那麼,姊妹,當世尊從那定出來時,請你以我的話向世尊致意——「尊者,諸天之主帝釋與其大臣、眷屬,以頭禮敬世尊雙足。」’尊者,那位姊妹可曾向世尊致意?世尊可記得那位姊妹的話嗎?”“諸天之主,那位姊妹曾向我致意,我也記得那位姊妹的話。不過,我是因具壽[你]的車輪輞之聲才從那定出來的。”“尊者,那些比我們更早生於三十三天眾中的諸天,我曾當面從他們聽聞、當面領受:‘當諸如來、阿羅漢、正等正覺者出現於世時,諸天之眾充滿,諸阿修羅之眾減損。’尊者,這件事我已親眼見證:自從如來、阿羅漢、正等正覺者出現於世,諸天之眾充滿,諸阿修羅之眾減損。”

352. Atha kho bhagavā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘acchariyamidaṃ āyasmato kosiyassa, abbhutamidaṃ āyasmato kosiyassa tāva bahukiccassa bahukaraṇīyassa yadidaṃ idhāgamana’’nti. ‘‘Cirapaṭikāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitukāmo; api ca devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ kehici kehici [kehici (syā.)] kiccakaraṇīyehi byāvaṭo; evāhaṃ nāsakkhiṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Ekamidaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati salaḷāgārake. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, sāvatthiṃ agamāsiṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Tena kho pana, bhante, samayena bhagavā aññatarena samādhinā nisinno hoti, bhūjati [bhuñjatī ca (sī. pī.), bhujagī (syā.)] ca nāma vessavaṇassa mahārājassa paricārikā bhagavantaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, pañjalikā namassamānā tiṭṭhati. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhūjatiṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘abhivādehi me tvaṃ, bhagini, bhagavantaṃ – ‘‘sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhante, sā bhūjati maṃ etadavoca – ‘akālo kho, mārisa, bhagavantaṃ dassanāya; paṭisallīno bhagavā’ti. ‘Tena hī, bhagini, yadā bhagavā tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhito hoti, atha mama vacanena bhagavantaṃ abhivādehi – ‘‘sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’’ti. Kacci me sā, bhante, bhaginī bhagavantaṃ abhivādesi? Sarati bhagavā tassā bhaginiyā vacana’’nti? ‘‘Abhivādesi maṃ sā, devānaminda, bhaginī, sarāmahaṃ tassā bhaginiyā vacanaṃ. Api cāhaṃ āyasmato nemisaddena [cakkanemisaddena (syā.)] tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhito’’ti. ‘‘Ye te, bhante, devā amhehi paṭhamataraṃ tāvatiṃsakāyaṃ upapannā, tesaṃ me sammukhā sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – ‘yadā tathāgatā loke uppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā, dibbā kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’ti. Taṃ me idaṃ, bhante, sakkhidiṭṭhaṃ yato tathāgato loke uppanno arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dibbā kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyāti.
Gopakavatthu
353–354PTS 2.272緬 2.217已對照

瞿卑迦之事

三五三、“尊者,就在這迦毘羅衛,有一位釋迦族女子名叫瞿卑迦(Gopikā),她對佛淨信、對法淨信、對僧淨信,圓滿地持諸戒。她厭離女身之性,修習男身之性,身壞命終之後,生於善趣天界,與三十三天諸天為伴,成為我們的兒子。在那裡人們也這樣知道他:‘瞿卑迦天子(Gopaka devaputta),瞿卑迦天子。’

“尊者,另有三位比丘,曾在世尊[的教法]中行梵行,卻生入卑劣的乾闥婆眾中。他們具足、成就五欲功德,享受著[欲樂],前來侍奉我們、伺候我們。當他們前來侍奉我們、伺候我們時,瞿卑迦天子詰責他們:‘諸位尊駕,你們究竟是把臉朝向何處,才這樣聽那位世尊的法的呢?我原本是女人,[尚且]對佛淨信、對法淨信、對僧淨信,圓滿地持諸戒,厭離女身之性,修習男身之性,身壞命終之後,生於善趣天界,與三十三天諸天為伴,成為諸天之主帝釋的兒子。在這裡人們也這樣知道我:「瞿卑迦天子,瞿卑迦天子。」可是諸位尊駕,你們在世尊[的教法]中行了梵行,卻生入卑劣的乾闥婆眾中。諸位,我們所見的實在是不堪之相——我們竟見到同法者生入卑劣的乾闥婆眾中。’尊者,被瞿卑迦天子這樣詰責之後,其中兩位天於現法中得回了念,[生於]梵輔天(brahmapurohita)之身;另一位天則仍耽住於諸欲。

三五四、

“‘我曾是具眼者的優婆夷,

我的名字就叫「瞿卑迦」;

對佛與法極淨信,

以淨信之心侍奉了僧團。

“‘正因那位佛陀的善法性,

我是帝釋之子,有大威力;

有大光輝,生於三十三天,

在這裡人們也知道我叫「瞿卑迦」。

“‘後來我見到了從前見過的諸比丘,

[如今]生入乾闥婆眾中而住[其間];

他們是喬達摩的這些弟子,

而我們從前身為人時,

“‘曾以飲食侍奉[他們],

在自己家中捧其足[禮敬];

這些尊者究竟把臉朝向何處,

才領受了佛陀的諸法?

“‘法是應當各自證知的,

是具眼者所善說、所隨覺的;

我正是親近了你們,

聽聞了諸聖者的善說,

“‘[如今]我是帝釋之子,有大威力,

有大光輝,生於三十三天;

而你們親近了最上者,

行了無上的梵行,

“‘諸位尊駕卻生入卑劣之身,

諸位尊駕的這次受生實不相應;

我們所見的實在是不堪之相——

同法者生入卑劣之身。

“‘諸位尊駕生入乾闥婆眾,

[反倒]來伺候諸天;

請看我這住於在家者的

這般殊勝[差別]吧。

“‘曾為女人,今日我已是男身之天,

具足了諸天的欲樂。’

他們被喬達摩的弟子這樣詰責,

會見瞿卑迦之後,生起了悚懼。

“‘來吧,讓我們奮起,讓我們精勤,

莫使我們成為他人的僕役!’

他們中有兩位發起了精進,

隨念著喬達摩的諸教誡。

“就在這裡令諸心離染,

他們見到了諸欲的過患;

[斷除]那諸欲的結與縛,

即魔的軛縛、難以超越者——

“猶如大象斬斷了繫縛的繩索,

他們超越了三十三天諸天。

諸天連同[天]帝與波闍波提(Pajāpati),

全都已入座於善法堂中。

“當他們坐著時,[那二位]走了過來——

英勇者、離貪者,正作離塵[之事]者;

見到他們,婆娑婆生起了悚懼——

[他]是天眾之中的勝天者。

“‘這些人從卑劣之身受生,

[如今]竟超越三十三天諸天而來!’

那瞿卑迦聽了這生起悚懼者的話,

便對婆娑婆這樣說:

“‘人間有佛陀、人主,

被稱為勝伏諸欲的釋迦牟尼;

正是他的那些兒子失了念,

經我詰責,他們才得回了念。

“‘他們三人之中有一人仍留在這裡,

生入乾闥婆眾中而住[其間];

另外兩位則隨行於正覺之道,

因心已等持,連諸天也輕視。

“‘此[教法]中法的顯示便是這樣,

於此沒有任何弟子會有所疑惑;

[他]已渡暴流、已斷疑惑——

我們禮敬佛陀、勝者、人主。’

“‘他們在此了知了您的這個法,

因而證得了殊勝[之境]——

[生於]梵輔天之身,

其中兩位是得殊勝者。

“‘尊駕,我們是為了證得那個法而來的;

世尊既已給予機會,尊駕,願我們請問一個問題。’”

353. ‘‘Idheva, bhante, kapilavatthusmiṃ gopikā nāma sakyadhītā ahosi buddhe pasannā dhamme pasannā saṅghe pasannā sīlesu paripūrakārinī. Sā itthittaṃ [itthicittaṃ (syā.)] virājetvā purisattaṃ [purisacittaṃ (syā.)] bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā. Devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ amhākaṃ puttattaṃ ajjhupagatā. Tatrapi naṃ evaṃ jānanti – ‘gopako devaputto, gopako devaputto’ti. Aññepi, bhante, tayo bhikkhū bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ caritvā hīnaṃ gandhabbakāyaṃ upapannā. Te pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārayamānā amhākaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ āgacchanti amhākaṃ pāricariyaṃ. Te amhākaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ āgate amhākaṃ pāricariyaṃ gopako devaputto paṭicodesi – ‘kutomukhā nāma tumhe, mārisā, tassa bhagavato dhammaṃ assuttha [āyuhittha (syā.)] – ahañhi nāma itthikā samānā buddhe pasannā dhamme pasannā saṅghe pasannā sīlesu paripūrakārinī itthittaṃ virājetvā purisattaṃ bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā, devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ sakkassa devānamindassa puttattaṃ ajjhupagatā. Idhāpi maṃ evaṃ jānanti ‘‘gopako devaputto gopako devaputto’ti. Tumhe pana, mārisā, bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ caritvā hīnaṃ gandhabbakāyaṃ upapannā. Duddiṭṭharūpaṃ vata, bho, addasāma, ye mayaṃ addasāma sahadhammike hīnaṃ gandhabbakāyaṃ upapanne’ti. Tesaṃ, bhante, gopakena devaputtena paṭicoditānaṃ dve devā diṭṭheva dhamme satiṃ paṭilabhiṃsu kāyaṃ brahmapurohitaṃ, eko pana devo kāme ajjhāvasi.
354.‘‘‘Upāsikā cakkhumato ahosiṃ,
Nāmampi mayhaṃ ahu ‘gopikā’ti;
Buddhe ca dhamme ca abhippasannā,
Saṅghañcupaṭṭhāsiṃ pasannacittā.
‘‘‘Tasseva buddhassa sudhammatāya,
Sakkassa puttomhi mahānubhāvo;
Mahājutīko tidivūpapanno,
Jānanti maṃ idhāpi ‘gopako’ti.
‘‘‘Athaddasaṃ bhikkhavo diṭṭhapubbe,
Gandhabbakāyūpagate vasīne;
Imehi te gotamasāvakāse,
Ye ca mayaṃ pubbe manussabhūtā.
‘‘‘Annena pānena upaṭṭhahimhā,
Pādūpasaṅgayha sake nivesane;
Kutomukhā nāma ime bhavanto,
Buddhassa dhammāni paṭiggahesuṃ [buddhassa dhammaṃ na paṭiggahesuṃ (syā.)].
‘‘‘Paccattaṃ veditabbo hi dhammo,
Sudesito cakkhumatānubuddho;
Ahañhi tumheva upāsamāno,
Sutvāna ariyāna subhāsitāni.
‘‘‘Sakkassa puttomhi mahānubhāvo,
Mahājutīko tidivūpapanno;
Tumhe pana seṭṭhamupāsamānā,
Anuttaraṃ brahmacariyaṃ caritvā.
‘‘‘Hīnaṃ kāyaṃ upapannā bhavanto,
Anānulomā bhavatūpapatti;
Duddiṭṭharūpaṃ vata addasāma,
Sahadhammike hīnakāyūpapanne.
‘‘‘Gandhabbakāyūpagatā bhavanto,
Devānamāgacchatha pāricariyaṃ;
Agāre vasato mayhaṃ,
Imaṃ passa visesataṃ.
‘‘‘Itthī hutvā svajja pumomhi devo,
Dibbehi kāmehi samaṅgibhūto’;
Te coditā gotamasāvakena,
Saṃvegamāpādu samecca gopakaṃ.
‘‘‘Handa viyāyāma [vigāyāma (syā.), vitāyāma (pī.)] byāyāma [viyāyamāma (sī. pī.)],
Mā no mayaṃ parapessā ahumhā’;
Tesaṃ duve vīriyamārabhiṃsu,
Anussaraṃ gotamasāsanāni.
‘‘Idheva cittāni virājayitvā,
Kāmesu ādīnavamaddasaṃsu;
Te kāmasaṃyojanabandhanāni,
Pāpimayogāni duraccayāni.
‘‘Nāgova sannāni guṇāni [sandānaguṇāni (sī. pī.), santāni guṇāni (syā.)] chetvā,
Deve tāvatiṃse atikkamiṃsu;
Saindā devā sapajāpatikā,
Sabbe sudhammāya sabhāyupaviṭṭhā.
‘‘Tesaṃ nisinnānaṃ abhikkamiṃsu,
Vīrā virāgā virajaṃ karontā;
Te disvā saṃvegamakāsi vāsavo,
Devābhibhū devagaṇassa majjhe.
‘‘‘Imehi te hīnakāyūpapannā,
Deve tāvatiṃse abhikkamanti’;
Saṃvegajātassa vaco nisamma,
So gopako vāsavamajjhabhāsi.
‘‘‘Buddho janindatthi manussaloke,
Kāmābhibhū sakyamunīti ñāyati;
Tasseva te puttā satiyā vihīnā,
Coditā mayā te satimajjhalatthuṃ.
‘‘‘Tiṇṇaṃ tesaṃ āvasinettha [avasīnettha (pī.)] eko,
Gandhabbakāyūpagato vasīno;
Dve ca sambodhipathānusārino,
Devepi hīḷenti samāhitattā.
‘‘‘Etādisī dhammappakāsanettha,
Na tattha kiṃkaṅkhati koci sāvako;
Nitiṇṇaoghaṃ vicikicchachinnaṃ,
Buddhaṃ namassāma jinaṃ janindaṃ’.
‘‘Yaṃ te dhammaṃ idhaññāya,
Visesaṃ ajjhagaṃsu [ajjhagamaṃsu (syā.)] te;
Kāyaṃ brahmapurohitaṃ,
Duve tesaṃ visesagū.
‘‘Tassa dhammassa pattiyā,
Āgatamhāsi mārisa;
Katāvakāsā bhagavatā,
Pañhaṃ pucchemu mārisā’’ti.
355已對照

三五五、那時,世尊這樣想:“這位夜叉長夜以來清淨;他無論問我什麼問題,都必定問與義利相關的,不問與義利無關的;而且凡我被問及而解答的,他都能迅速了知。”

355. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘dīgharattaṃ visuddho kho ayaṃ yakkho [sakko (sī. syā. pī.)], yaṃ kiñci maṃ pañhaṃ pucchissati, sabbaṃ taṃ atthasañhitaṃyeva pucchissati, no anatthasañhitaṃ. Yañcassāhaṃ puṭṭho byākarissāmi, taṃ khippameva ājānissatī’’ti.
356緬 2.220已對照

三五六、於是,世尊以偈對諸天之主帝釋說:

“婆娑婆(Vāsava),凡你心中所欲問的,

你就問我吧;

對每一個問題,

我都為你作出終結。”

第一誦分終。

356. Atha kho bhagavā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Puccha vāsava maṃ pañhaṃ, yaṃ kiñci manasicchasi;
Tassa tasseva pañhassa, ahaṃ antaṃ karomi te’’ti.
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.
357PTS 2.276已對照

三五七、得到世尊許可的諸天之主帝釋,向世尊問了第一個問題:“尊駕,諸天、人、阿修羅、龍、乾闥婆以及其餘種種眾類,是被什麼結所繫縛,以致他們雖有這樣的想法——‘願我們無怨、無杖、無敵、無惱害而住,成為無怨者’——卻仍帶著怨、帶著杖、帶著敵、帶著惱害而住,成為有怨者呢?”諸天之主帝釋就這樣向世尊問了這個問題。世尊被問及這個問題後,解答說:“諸天之主,諸天、人、阿修羅、龍、乾闥婆以及其餘種種眾類,是被嫉妒與慳吝之結所繫縛,以致他們雖有這樣的想法——‘願我們無怨、無杖、無敵、無惱害而住,成為無怨者’——卻仍帶著怨、帶著杖、帶著敵、帶著惱害而住,成為有怨者。”世尊就這樣解答了諸天之主帝釋所問的問題。諸天之主帝釋滿意,歡喜、隨喜世尊之所說:“正是如此,世尊;正是如此,善逝。聽了世尊對問題的解答,我於此已度過疑惑,離了猶豫。”

357. Katāvakāso sakko devānamindo bhagavatā imaṃ bhagavantaṃ [devānamindo bhagavantaṃ imaṃ (sī. pī.)] paṭhamaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Kiṃ saṃyojanā nu kho, mārisa, devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā ye caññe santi puthukāyā, te – ‘averā adaṇḍā asapattā abyāpajjā viharemu averino’ti iti ca nesaṃ hoti, atha ca pana saverā sadaṇḍā sasapattā sabyāpajjā viharanti saverino’’ti? Itthaṃ sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ [imaṃ paṭhamaṃ pañhaṃ (sī. pī.)] apucchi. Tassa bhagavā pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi –
‘‘Issāmacchariyasaṃyojanā kho, devānaminda, devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā ye caññe santi puthukāyā, te – ‘averā adaṇḍā asapattā abyāpajjā viharemu averino’ti iti ca nesaṃ hoti, atha ca pana saverā sadaṇḍā sasapattā sabyāpajjā viharanti saverino’’ti. Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata. Tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā’’ti.
358PTS 2.277緬 2.221已對照

三五八、諸天之主帝釋這樣歡喜、隨喜世尊之所說以後,又向世尊問了更進一步的問題:“尊駕,那麼嫉妒與慳吝以何為因緣、以何為集起、以何為所生、以何為根源?有什麼時嫉妒與慳吝才有?沒有什麼時嫉妒與慳吝就沒有呢?”“諸天之主,嫉妒與慳吝以可愛與不可愛為因緣、以可愛與不可愛為集起、以可愛與不可愛為所生、以可愛與不可愛為根源;有可愛與不可愛時嫉妒與慳吝才有,沒有可愛與不可愛時嫉妒與慳吝就沒有。”

“尊駕,那麼可愛與不可愛以何為因緣、以何為集起、以何為所生、以何為根源?有什麼時可愛與不可愛才有?沒有什麼時可愛與不可愛就沒有呢?”“諸天之主,可愛與不可愛以欲為因緣、以欲為集起、以欲為所生、以欲為根源;有欲時可愛與不可愛才有,沒有欲時可愛與不可愛就沒有。”

“尊駕,那麼欲以何為因緣、以何為集起、以何為所生、以何為根源?有什麼時欲才有?沒有什麼時欲就沒有呢?”“諸天之主,欲以尋為因緣、以尋為集起、以尋為所生、以尋為根源;有尋時欲才有,沒有尋時欲就沒有。”

“尊駕,那麼尋以何為因緣、以何為集起、以何為所生、以何為根源?有什麼時尋才有?沒有什麼時尋就沒有呢?”“諸天之主,尋以妄衍想之諸分(papañcasaññāsaṅkhā)為因緣、以妄衍想之諸分為集起、以妄衍想之諸分為所生、以妄衍想之諸分為根源;有妄衍想之諸分時尋才有,沒有妄衍想之諸分時尋就沒有。”

“尊駕,那麼比丘如何行道,才是行於隨順趣向妄衍想之諸分之滅的道呢?”

358. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ [uttariṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Issāmacchariyaṃ pana, mārisa, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ; kismiṃ sati issāmacchariyaṃ hoti; kismiṃ asati issāmacchariyaṃ na hotī’’ti? ‘‘Issāmacchariyaṃ kho, devānaminda, piyāppiyanidānaṃ piyāppiyasamudayaṃ piyāppiyajātikaṃ piyāppiyapabhavaṃ; piyāppiye sati issāmacchariyaṃ hoti, piyāppiye asati issāmacchariyaṃ na hotī’’ti.
‘‘Piyāppiyaṃ kho pana, mārisa, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ; kismiṃ sati piyāppiyaṃ hoti; kismiṃ asati piyāppiyaṃ na hotī’’ti? ‘‘Piyāppiyaṃ kho, devānaminda, chandanidānaṃ chandasamudayaṃ chandajātikaṃ chandapabhavaṃ; chande sati piyāppiyaṃ hoti; chande asati piyāppiyaṃ na hotī’’ti.
‘‘Chando kho pana, mārisa, kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo; kismiṃ sati chando hoti; kismiṃ asati chando na hotī’’ti? ‘‘Chando kho, devānaminda, vitakkanidāno vitakkasamudayo vitakkajātiko vitakkapabhavo; vitakke sati chando hoti; vitakke asati chando na hotī’’ti.
‘‘Vitakko kho pana, mārisa, kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo; kismiṃ sati vitakko hoti; kismiṃ asati vitakko na hotī’’ti? ‘‘Vitakko kho, devānaminda, papañcasaññāsaṅkhānidāno papañcasaññāsaṅkhāsamudayo papañcasaññāsaṅkhājātiko papañcasaññāsaṅkhāpabhavo; papañcasaññāsaṅkhāya sati vitakko hoti; papañcasaññāsaṅkhāya asati vitakko na hotī’’ti.
‘‘Kathaṃ paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu papañcasaññāsaṅkhānirodhasāruppagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hotī’’ti?
Vedanākammaṭṭhānaṃ
359PTS 2.278已對照

受業處

三五九、“諸天之主,我說喜悅(somanassa)有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。諸天之主,我說憂(domanassa)有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。諸天之主,我說舍(upekkhā)有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。

359. ‘‘Somanassaṃpāhaṃ [pahaṃ (sī. pī.), cāhaṃ (syā. kaṃ.)], devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Domanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Upekkhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi.
360緬 2.222已對照

三六〇、“說‘諸天之主,我說喜悅有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣說了,這是就什麼而說的呢?其中,若知道某種喜悅是‘我親近這種喜悅時,不善法增長、善法衰退’,這樣的喜悅就不應親近。其中,若知道某種喜悅是‘我親近這種喜悅時,不善法衰退、善法增長’,這樣的喜悅就應親近。其中,[這樣的喜悅]有有尋有伺的,也有無尋無伺的;無尋無伺的[那些]更殊勝。‘諸天之主,我說喜悅有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣所說的,就是就這個而說的。

360. ‘‘Somanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā somanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me somanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ jaññā somanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me somanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ ce savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ, yaṃ ce avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, ye avitakke avicāre, te [se (sī. pī.)] paṇītatare. Somanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti. Iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
361PTS 2.279已對照

三六一、“說‘諸天之主,我說憂有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣說了,這是就什麼而說的呢?其中,若知道某種憂是‘我親近這種憂時,不善法增長、善法衰退’,這樣的憂就不應親近。其中,若知道某種憂是‘我親近這種憂時,不善法衰退、善法增長’,這樣的憂就應親近。其中,[這樣的憂]有有尋有伺的,也有無尋無伺的;無尋無伺的[那些]更殊勝。‘諸天之主,我說憂有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣所說的,就是就這個而說的。

361. ‘‘Domanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti. Iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā domanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me domanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṃ domanassaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ jaññā domanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me domanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṃ domanassaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ ce savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ, yaṃ ce avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, ye avitakke avicāre, te paṇītatare. Domanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
362已對照

三六二、“說‘諸天之主,我說舍有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣說了,這是就什麼而說的呢?其中,若知道某種舍是‘我親近這種舍時,不善法增長、善法衰退’,這樣的舍就不應親近。其中,若知道某種舍是‘我親近這種舍時,不善法衰退、善法增長’,這樣的舍就應親近。其中,[這樣的舍]有有尋有伺的,也有無尋無伺的;無尋無伺的[那些]更殊勝。‘諸天之主,我說舍有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣所說的,就是就這個而說的。

362. ‘‘Upekkhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā upekkhaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me upekkhaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpā upekkhā na sevitabbā. Tattha yaṃ jaññā upekkhaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me upekkhaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpā upekkhā sevitabbā. Tattha yaṃ ce savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ, yaṃ ce avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, ye avitakke avicāre, te paṇītatare. Upekkhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
363緬 2.223已對照

三六三、“諸天之主,比丘這樣行道,就是行於隨順趣向妄衍想之諸分之滅的道了。”世尊就這樣解答了諸天之主帝釋所問的問題。諸天之主帝釋滿意,歡喜、隨喜世尊之所說:“正是如此,世尊;正是如此,善逝。聽了世尊對問題的解答,我於此已度過疑惑,離了猶豫。”

363. ‘‘Evaṃ paṭipanno kho, devānaminda, bhikkhu papañcasaññāsaṅkhānirodhasāruppagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hotī’’ti. Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata, tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā’’ti.
Pātimokkhasaṃvaro
364PTS 2.280緬 2.224已對照

波羅提木叉律儀

三六四、諸天之主帝釋這樣歡喜、隨喜世尊之所說以後,又向世尊問了更進一步的問題:“尊駕,那麼比丘如何行道,才是行於波羅提木叉律儀(pātimokkhasaṃvara)的呢?”“諸天之主,我說身行(kāyasamācāra)有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。諸天之主,我說語行(vacīsamācāra)有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。諸天之主,我說遍求(pariyesanā)有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。”“說‘諸天之主,我說身行有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣說了,這是就什麼而說的呢?其中,若知道某種身行是‘我親近這種身行時,不善法增長、善法衰退’,這樣的身行就不應親近。其中,若知道某種身行是‘我親近這種身行時,不善法衰退、善法增長’,這樣的身行就應親近。‘諸天之主,我說身行有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣所說的,就是就這個而說的。“說‘諸天之主,我說語行有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣說了,這是就什麼而說的呢?其中,若知道某種語行是‘我親近這種語行時,不善法增長、善法衰退’,這樣的語行就不應親近。其中,若知道某種語行是‘我親近這種語行時,不善法衰退、善法增長’,這樣的語行就應親近。‘諸天之主,我說語行有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣所說的,就是就這個而說的。“說‘諸天之主,我說遍求有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣說了,這是就什麼而說的呢?其中,若知道某種遍求是‘我親近這種遍求時,不善法增長、善法衰退’,這樣的遍求就不應親近。其中,若知道某種遍求是‘我親近這種遍求時,不善法衰退、善法增長’,這樣的遍求就應親近。‘諸天之主,我說遍求有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的’——這樣所說的,就是就這個而說的。“諸天之主,比丘這樣行道,就是行於波羅提木叉律儀了。”世尊就這樣解答了諸天之主帝釋所問的問題。諸天之主帝釋滿意,歡喜、隨喜世尊之所說:“正是如此,世尊;正是如此,善逝。聽了世尊對問題的解答,我於此已度過疑惑,離了猶豫。”

364. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Kathaṃ paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu pātimokkhasaṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti? ‘‘Kāyasamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Vacīsamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Pariyesanaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabba’’mpi.
‘‘Kāyasamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā kāyasamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me kāyasamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo kāyasamācāro na sevitabbo. Tattha yaṃ jaññā kāyasamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me kāyasamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo kāyasamācāro sevitabbo. Kāyasamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
‘‘Vacīsamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampī’ti. Iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā vacīsamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me vacīsamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo vacīsamācāro na sevitabbo. Tattha yaṃ jaññā vacīsamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me vacīsamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo vacīsamācāro sevitabbo. Vacīsamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
‘‘Pariyesanaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā pariyesanaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me pariyesanaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpā pariyesanā na sevitabbā. Tattha yaṃ jaññā pariyesanaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me pariyesanaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpā pariyesanā sevitabbā. Pariyesanaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
‘‘Evaṃ paṭipanno kho, devānaminda, bhikkhu pātimokkhasaṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti. Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata. Tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā’’ti.
Indriyasaṃvaro
365PTS 2.282緬 2.225已對照

根律儀

三六五、諸天之主帝釋這樣歡喜、隨喜世尊之所說以後,又向世尊問了更進一步的問題:“尊駕,那麼比丘如何行道,才是行於根律儀(indriyasaṃvara)的呢?”“諸天之主,我說眼所識的色有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。諸天之主,我說耳所識的聲有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。諸天之主,我說鼻所識的香有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。諸天之主,我說舌所識的味有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。諸天之主,我說身所識的觸有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。諸天之主,我說意所識的法有兩種:應親近的與不應親近的。”這樣說時,諸天之主帝釋對世尊說:“尊者,對世尊這段略說,我這樣詳細地了知其義。尊者,親近某種眼所識的色時,不善法增長、善法衰退——這樣的眼所識的色就不應親近。尊者,親近某種眼所識的色時,不善法衰退、善法增長——這樣的眼所識的色就應親近。尊者,親近某種耳所識的聲……乃至……鼻所識的香……舌所識的味……身所識的觸……意所識的法時,不善法增長、善法衰退——這樣的意所識的法就不應親近。尊者,親近某種意所識的法時,不善法衰退、善法增長——這樣的意所識的法就應親近。“尊者,對世尊這段略說,我這樣詳細地了知其義之後,聽了世尊對問題的解答,我於此已度過疑惑,離了猶豫。”

365. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Kathaṃ paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu indriyasaṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti? ‘‘Cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Sotaviññeyyaṃ saddaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Ghānaviññeyyaṃ gandhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Jivhāviññeyyaṃ rasaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Kāyaviññeyyaṃ phoṭṭhabbaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Manoviññeyyaṃ dhammaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi, asevitabbampī’’ti.
Evaṃ vutte, sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Imassa kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā saṅkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Yathārūpaṃ, bhante, cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṃ cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Yathārūpañca kho, bhante, cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Yathārūpañca kho, bhante, sotaviññeyyaṃ saddaṃ sevato…pe… ghānaviññeyyaṃ gandhaṃ sevato… jivhāviññeyyaṃ rasaṃ sevato… kāyaviññeyyaṃ phoṭṭhabbaṃ sevato… manoviññeyyaṃ dhammaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpo manoviññeyyo dhammo na sevitabbo. Yathārūpañca kho, bhante, manoviññeyyaṃ dhammaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpo manoviññeyyo dhammo sevitabbo.
‘‘Imassa kho me, bhante, bhagavatā saṅkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānato tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā’’ti.
366PTS 2.283緬 2.226已對照

三六六、諸天之主帝釋這樣歡喜、隨喜世尊之所說以後,又向世尊問了更進一步的問題:“尊駕,是不是一切沙門、婆羅門都是一向之說、一向之戒、一向之慾、一向之耽著呢?”“諸天之主,並非一切沙門、婆羅門都是一向之說、一向之戒、一向之慾、一向之耽著。”“尊駕,為什麼並非一切沙門、婆羅門都是一向之說、一向之戒、一向之慾、一向之耽著呢?”“諸天之主,世間是多界、種種界的。在那多界、種種界的世間中,眾生執著於哪一界,就以堅固的執取而執著於那一界,如此宣說:‘唯此是真實,餘者虛妄。’因此,並非一切沙門、婆羅門都是一向之說、一向之戒、一向之慾、一向之耽著。”“尊駕,是不是一切沙門、婆羅門都是究竟畢竟者、究竟安穩者、究竟梵行者、究竟終盡者呢?”“諸天之主,並非一切沙門、婆羅門都是究竟畢竟者、究竟安穩者、究竟梵行者、究竟終盡者。”“尊駕,為什麼並非一切沙門、婆羅門都是究竟畢竟者、究竟安穩者、究竟梵行者、究竟終盡者呢?”“諸天之主,凡是由渴愛滅盡而解脫的比丘,他們才是究竟畢竟者、究竟安穩者、究竟梵行者、究竟終盡者。因此,並非一切沙門、婆羅門都是究竟畢竟者、究竟安穩者、究竟梵行者、究竟終盡者。”世尊就這樣解答了諸天之主帝釋所問的問題。諸天之主帝釋滿意,歡喜、隨喜世尊之所說:“正是如此,世尊;正是如此,善逝。聽了世尊對問題的解答,我於此已度過疑惑,離了猶豫。”

366. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
‘‘Sabbeva nu kho, mārisa, samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekantaajjhosānā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, devānaminda, sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekantaajjhosānā’’ti.
‘‘Kasmā pana, mārisa, na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekantaajjhosānā’’ti? ‘‘Anekadhātu nānādhātu kho, devānaminda, loko. Tasmiṃ anekadhātunānādhātusmiṃ loke yaṃ yadeva sattā dhātuṃ abhinivisanti, taṃ tadeva thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharanti – ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Tasmā na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekantaajjhosānā’’ti.
‘‘Sabbeva nu kho, mārisa, samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, devānaminda, sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā’’ti.
‘‘Kasmā pana, mārisa, na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā’’ti? ‘‘Ye kho, devānaminda, bhikkhū taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttā te accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā. Tasmā na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā’’ti.
Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata. Tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā’’ti.
367PTS 2.284緬 2.227已對照

三六七、諸天之主帝釋這樣歡喜、隨喜世尊之所說以後,對世尊這樣說:“尊者,動搖(ejā)是病,動搖是瘡,動搖是箭;動搖把這個人拖向這樣那樣的有的再生,因此這個人便時高時低。尊者,那些我在此[教法]之外的其他沙門、婆羅門處連發問的機會都得不到的問題,世尊都為我解答了;而且我長夜以來隨眠的疑惑與猶豫之箭,也被世尊拔除了。”“諸天之主,你可記得曾把這些問題問過其他沙門、婆羅門嗎?”“尊者,我記得曾把這些問題問過其他沙門、婆羅門。”“諸天之主,那麼他們是怎樣解答的呢?若不為難,就請說吧。”“尊者,在世尊所在之處、或有如世尊者之處,對我並不為難。”“那麼,諸天之主,就說吧。”“尊者,凡是我認為‘[這些是]住林野、住邊遠坐臥處的沙門、婆羅門’的,我便前去把這些問題問他們;他們被我問了卻答不上來,答不上來時反倒回問我:‘具壽名叫什麼?’我被這樣問時便回答:‘尊駕,我是諸天之主帝釋。’他們又進一步回問我:‘可是具壽、諸天之主啊,你作了什麼業才得到這個地位的呢?’我便如所聽聞、如所受持地為他們說法。他們僅憑這一點就滿意了:‘我們見到了諸天之主帝釋,而且我們所問的,他也為我們解答了。’結果他們反倒成了我的弟子,而不是我成了他們的[弟子]。尊者,而我則是世尊的弟子,是須陀洹,不墮惡趣,決定趣向正覺。”

367. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Ejā, bhante, rogo, ejā gaṇḍo, ejā sallaṃ, ejā imaṃ purisaṃ parikaḍḍhati tassa tasseva bhavassa abhinibbattiyā. Tasmā ayaṃ puriso uccāvacamāpajjati. Yesāhaṃ, bhante, pañhānaṃ ito bahiddhā aññesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu okāsakammampi nālatthaṃ, te me bhagavatā byākatā. Dīgharattānusayitañca pana [dīgharattānupassatā, yañca pana (syā.), dīgharattānusayino, yañca pana (sī. pī.)] me vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallaṃ, tañca bhagavatā abbuḷha’’nti.
‘‘Abhijānāsi no tvaṃ, devānaminda, ime pañhe aññe samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchitā’’ti? ‘‘Abhijānāmahaṃ, bhante, ime pañhe aññe samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchitā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana te, devānaminda, byākaṃsu? Sace te agaru bhāsassū’’ti. ‘‘Na kho me, bhante, garu yatthassa bhagavā nisinno bhagavantarūpo vā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, devānaminda, bhāsassū’’ti. ‘‘Yesvāhaṃ [yesāhaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)], bhante, maññāmi samaṇabrāhmaṇā āraññikā pantasenāsanāti, tyāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ime pañhe pucchāmi, te mayā puṭṭhā na sampāyanti, asampāyantā mamaṃyeva paṭipucchanti – ‘ko nāmo āyasmā’ti? Tesāhaṃ puṭṭho byākaromi – ‘ahaṃ kho, mārisa, sakko devānamindo’ti. Te mamaṃyeva uttari paṭipucchanti – ‘kiṃ panāyasmā, devānaminda [devānamindo (sī. pī.)], kammaṃ katvā imaṃ ṭhānaṃ patto’ti? Tesāhaṃ yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ desemi. Te tāvatakeneva attamanā honti – ‘sakko ca no devānamindo diṭṭho, yañca no apucchimhā, tañca no byākāsī’ti. Te aññadatthu mamaṃyeva sāvakā sampajjanti, na cāhaṃ tesaṃ. Ahaṃ kho pana, bhante, bhagavato sāvako sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’ti.
Somanassapaṭilābhakathā
368PTS 2.285已對照

得喜悅之說

三六八、“諸天之主,你可記得在此以前有過這樣的得歡欣(vedapaṭilābha)、得喜悅(somanassapaṭilābha)嗎?”“尊者,我記得在此以前有過這樣的得歡欣、得喜悅。”“諸天之主,那麼你是怎樣記得在此以前有過這樣的得歡欣、得喜悅的呢?”

368. ‘‘Abhijānāsi no tvaṃ, devānaminda, ito pubbe evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābha’’nti? ‘‘Abhijānāmahaṃ, bhante, ito pubbe evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābha’’nti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tvaṃ, devānaminda, abhijānāsi ito pubbe evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābha’’nti?
已對照

“尊者,從前,諸天與阿修羅的戰陣曾經擺開。尊者,在那場戰陣中,諸天勝了,阿修羅敗了。尊者,我戰勝了那場戰陣、成為勝陣者時,這樣想:‘如今凡是天的精味與阿修羅的精味,這兩者都將由諸天享用。’尊者,然而我那種得歡欣、得喜悅是與杖相涉、與刀相涉的,不導向厭離,不導向離貪,不導向滅,不導向寂止,不導向證智,不導向正覺,不導向涅槃。尊者,而我這個聽聞世尊之法所得的歡欣、所得的喜悅,則是不與杖相涉、不與刀相涉的,一向導向厭離、離貪、滅、寂止、證智、正覺、涅槃。”

‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhante, devāsurasaṅgāmo samupabyūḷho [samūpabbuḷho (sī. pī.)] ahosi. Tasmiṃ kho pana, bhante, saṅgāme devā jiniṃsu, asurā parājayiṃsu [parājiṃsu (sī. pī.)]. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, taṃ saṅgāmaṃ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmassa etadahosi – ‘yā ceva dāni dibbā ojā yā ca asurā ojā, ubhayametaṃ [ubhayamettha (syā.)] devā paribhuñjissantī’ti. So kho pana me, bhante, vedapaṭilābho somanassapaṭilābho sadaṇḍāvacaro sasatthāvacaro na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattati. Yo kho pana me ayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā vedapaṭilābho somanassapaṭilābho, so adaṇḍāvacaro asatthāvacaro ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī’’ti.
369–370PTS 2.286緬 2.228已對照

三六九、“諸天之主,那麼你是見到什麼理由,才宣說這樣的得歡欣、得喜悅的呢?”“尊者,我是見到六種理由,才宣說這樣的得歡欣、得喜悅的。

“就在這裡安住,當我還是天時,

我又重新得到了壽命——尊駕,請這樣了知。”

“尊者,我見到這第一種理由,才宣說這樣的得歡欣、得喜悅。

“我從天身死沒,捨棄非人的壽命;

將不愚痴地入胎,生到我心所樂之處。”

“尊者,我見到這第二種理由,才宣說這樣的得歡欣、得喜悅。

“我將住於不愚痴者[的教法],樂於[其]教法;

我將依正理而住,正知而具念。”

“尊者,我見到這第三種理由,才宣說這樣的得歡欣、得喜悅。

“若我依正理而行,將有正覺;

我將作為已了知者而住——那便是[最後的]終點。”

“尊者,我見到這第四種理由,才宣說這樣的得歡欣、得喜悅。

“我從人身死沒,捨棄人的壽命;

將再成為天,在天界中為最上。”

“尊者,我見到這第五種理由,才宣說這樣的得歡欣、得喜悅。

“那些更殊勝的諸天,有名聲的色究竟天(Akaniṭṭha);

當最後[一生]轉起時,那裡將是[我的]住處。”

“尊者,我見到這第六種理由,才宣說這樣的得歡欣、得喜悅。

“尊者,我見到這六種理由,才宣說這樣的得歡欣、得喜悅。

三七〇、

“心願未遂,有疑、有猶豫,

我長時遊走,尋覓如來。

“凡我認為是獨居而住的諸沙門,

便想‘[他們是]正覺者’,前去親近他們。

“‘如何是成就?如何是失壞?’

這樣問及道與諸行道時,他們答不上來。

“而當他們知道我——‘諸天之主帝釋來了’——時,

他們反倒問我:‘你作了什麼才得到這[地位]?’

“眾所聞者(janesuta)啊,我便如所聽聞地為他們說法;

他們因此滿意:‘我們見到婆娑婆了。’

“而當我見到了佛陀、度疑者時,

今日我已離怖畏——因已親近正覺者。

“渴愛之箭的摧毀者、無與倫比的佛陀,

大雄、日種之親的佛陀——我禮敬[他]。

“尊駕,我們與諸天一同向梵天所作的[敬事],

今日我們要向您作;來吧,讓我們親自向您作。

“唯有您是正覺者,您是無上的導師;

在包括諸天的世間中,無人能與您相比。”

369. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, devānaminda, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedesī’’ti? ‘‘Cha kho ahaṃ, bhante, atthavase sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Idheva tiṭṭhamānassa, devabhūtassa me sato;
Punarāyu ca me laddho, evaṃ jānāhi mārisa.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, paṭhamaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Cutāhaṃ diviyā kāyā, āyuṃ hitvā amānusaṃ;
Amūḷho gabbhamessāmi, yattha me ramatī mano.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, dutiyaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Svāhaṃ amūḷhapaññassa [amūḷhapañhassa (?)], viharaṃ sāsane rato;
Ñāyena viharissāmi, sampajāno paṭissato.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, tatiyaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Ñāyena me carato ca, sambodhi ce bhavissati;
Aññātā viharissāmi, sveva anto bhavissati.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, catutthaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Cutāhaṃ mānusā kāyā, āyuṃ hitvāna mānusaṃ;
Puna devo bhavissāmi, devalokamhi uttamo.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, pañcamaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Te [ye (?)] paṇītatarā devā, akaniṭṭhā yasassino;
Antime vattamānamhi, so nivāso bhavissati.
‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, chaṭṭhaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
‘‘Ime kho ahaṃ, bhante, cha atthavase sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.
370.‘‘Apariyositasaṅkappo, vicikiccho kathaṃkathī.
Vicariṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, anvesanto tathāgataṃ.
‘‘Yassu maññāmi samaṇe, pavivittavihārino;
Sambuddhā iti maññāno, gacchāmi te upāsituṃ.
‘‘‘Kathaṃ ārādhanā hoti, kathaṃ hoti virādhanā’;
Iti puṭṭhā na sampāyanti [sambhonti (syā.)], magge paṭipadāsu ca.
‘‘Tyassu yadā maṃ jānanti, sakko devānamāgato;
Tyassu mameva pucchanti, ‘kiṃ katvā pāpuṇī idaṃ’.
‘‘Tesaṃ yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ, desayāmi jane sutaṃ [janesuta (ka. sī.)];
Tena attamanā honti, ‘diṭṭho no vāsavoti ca’.
‘‘Yadā ca buddhamaddakkhiṃ, vicikicchāvitāraṇaṃ;
Somhi vītabhayo ajja, sambuddhaṃ payirupāsiya [payirupāsayiṃ (syā. ka.)].
‘‘Taṇhāsallassa hantāraṃ, buddhaṃ appaṭipuggalaṃ;
Ahaṃ vande mahāvīraṃ, buddhamādiccabandhunaṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ karomasi brahmuno, samaṃ devehi mārisa;
Tadajja tuyhaṃ kassāma [dassāma (syā. ka.)], handa sāmaṃ karoma te.
‘‘Tvameva asi [tuvamevasi (pī.)] sambuddho, tuvaṃ satthā anuttaro;
Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi te paṭipuggalo’’ti.
371PTS 2.289緬 2.230已對照

三七一、於是,諸天之主帝釋告訴乾闥婆天子五髻:“親愛的五髻,你對我大有幫助,因為是你先令世尊生起了歡喜;親愛的[五髻],由你先令[世尊]歡喜之後,我們隨後才前往拜見了那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者。我要立你於父位,你將成為乾闥婆王;並且我把跋陀·蘇利耶瓦車薩賜給你——她正是你所渴望的。”

於是,諸天之主帝釋以手撫觸大地,三次說出感興語:“禮敬那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者!禮敬那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者!禮敬那位世尊、阿羅漢、正等正覺者!”

而在宣說這段解答時,諸天之主帝釋生起了遠塵離垢的法眼(dhammacakkhu):“凡任何集法,一切皆是滅法。”另有八萬天神[也生起了法眼]。如此,凡諸天之主帝釋所請問的問題,都由世尊解答了;因此這段解答的名稱就叫《帝釋所問》。

《帝釋所問經》第八[經]終。

371. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘bahūpakāro kho mesi tvaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, yaṃ tvaṃ bhagavantaṃ paṭhamaṃ pasādesi. Tayā, tāta, paṭhamaṃ pasāditaṃ pacchā mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamimhā arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ. Pettike vā ṭhāne ṭhapayissāmi, gandhabbarājā bhavissasi, bhaddañca te sūriyavacchasaṃ dammi, sā hi te abhipatthitā’’ti.
Atha kho sakko devānamindo pāṇinā pathaviṃ parāmasitvā tikkhattuṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti.
Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne sakkassa devānamindassa virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti. Aññesañca asītiyā devatāsahassānaṃ, iti ye sakkena devānamindena ajjhiṭṭhapañhā puṭṭhā, te bhagavatā byākatā. Tasmā imassa veyyākaraṇassa sakkapañhātveva adhivacananti.
Sakkapañhasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.