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增支部 · 三集·愚人品 Bālavaggo

本經目錄一、愚人品一、怖畏經二、相經三、思者經四、罪過經五、不如理經六、不善經七、有罪經八、有惱害經九、受損經十、垢經愚人品第一。

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一、愚人品

1. Bālavaggo
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一、怖畏經

1. Bhayasuttaṃ
1PTS 1.101緬 1.99已對照

一、如是我聞——一時,世尊住在舍衛城祇樹林給孤獨園。在那裡,世尊召喚諸比丘:“諸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘應諾世尊。世尊這樣說——

1. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante [bhaddante (ka.)]’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
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“諸比丘,凡生起的任何怖畏,一切都從愚人生起,不從智者[生起]。凡生起的任何禍患,一切都從愚人生起,不從智者[生起]。凡生起的任何災難,一切都從愚人生起,不從智者[生起]。諸比丘,猶如從蘆葦屋或草屋放出的火,也會燒掉內外塗飾、無風[可入]、門閂緊閉、窗戶關嚴的諸尖頂屋;同樣,諸比丘,凡生起的任何怖畏,一切都從愚人生起,不從智者[生起]。凡生起的任何禍患,一切都從愚人生起,不從智者[生起]。凡生起的任何災難,一切都從愚人生起,不從智者[生起]。

‘‘Yāni kānici, bhikkhave, bhayāni uppajjanti sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upaddavā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upasaggā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, naḷāgārā vā tiṇāgārā vā [naḷāgāraṃ vā tiṇāgāraṃ vā (sī.)] aggi mutto [aggimukko (sī.), aggi mukko (syā. kaṃ. pī.)] kūṭāgārānipi ḍahati ullittāvalittāni nivātāni phusitaggaḷāni pihitavātapānāni; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yāni kānici bhayāni uppajjanti sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upaddavā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upasaggā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato.
緬 1.100已對照

“諸比丘,如是,愚人是有怖畏的,智者是無怖畏的;愚人是有禍患的,智者是無禍患的;愚人是有災難的,智者是無災難的。諸比丘,從智者沒有怖畏,從智者沒有禍患,從智者沒有災難。

‘‘Iti kho, bhikkhave, sappaṭibhayo bālo, appaṭibhayo paṇḍito. Saupaddavo bālo, anupaddavo paṇḍito. Saupasaggo bālo, anupasaggo paṇḍito. Natthi, bhikkhave, paṇḍitato bhayaṃ, natthi paṇḍitato upaddavo, natthi paṇḍitato upasaggo.
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“因此,諸比丘,你們應當這樣修學:‘具足哪三種法的應知是愚人,我們要回避那三種法;具足哪三種法的應知是智者,我們要受持那三種法而行。’諸比丘,你們應當這樣修學。”第一[經]。

‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo te tayo dhamme abhinivajjetvā, yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo te tayo dhamme samādāya vattissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
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二、相經

2. Lakkhaṇasuttaṃ
2PTS 1.102已對照

二、“諸比丘,愚人以業為相,智者以業為相,慧以行跡而顯耀。諸比丘,具足三種法的,應知[他]是愚人。具足哪三種[法]呢?身惡行、語惡行、意惡行。諸比丘,具足這三種法的,應知[他]是愚人。

2. ‘‘Kammalakkhaṇo, bhikkhave, bālo, kammalakkhaṇo paṇḍito, apadānasobhanī [apadāne sobhati (syā. kaṃ. pī.)] paññāti [paññatti (?)]. Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyaduccaritena, vacīduccaritena, manoduccaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.
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“諸比丘,具足三種法的,應知[他]是智者。具足哪三種[法]呢?身善行、語善行、意善行。諸比丘,具足這三種法的,應知[他]是智者。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyasucaritena, vacīsucaritena, manosucaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo.
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“因此,諸比丘,你們應當這樣修學:‘具足哪三種法的應知是愚人,我們要回避那三種法;具足哪三種法的應知是智者,我們要受持那三種法而行。’諸比丘,你們應當這樣修學。”第二[經]。

‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo te tayo dhamme abhinivajjetvā, yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo te tayo dhamme samādāya vattissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba’’nti. Dutiyaṃ.
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三、思者經

3. Cintīsuttaṃ
3緬 1.101已對照

三、“諸比丘,愚人有這三種愚人之相、愚人之徵、愚人之行跡。哪三種呢?諸比丘,在此,愚人是思慮惡思者、言說惡言者、行作惡行者。諸比丘,若愚人不是思慮惡思者、言說惡言者、行作惡行者,諸智者憑什麼知道他:‘這位先生是愚人、是非善士’呢?諸比丘,正因為愚人是思慮惡思者、言說惡言者、行作惡行者,所以諸智者知道他:‘這位先生是愚人、是非善士。’諸比丘,這就是愚人的三種愚人之相、愚人之徵、愚人之行跡。

3. ‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Idha, bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca. No cedaṃ [no cetaṃ (syā. kaṃ. ka.)], bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca abhavissa dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca, kena naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ [tena naṃ paṇḍitā na jāneyyuṃ (ka.), na naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ (?)] – ‘bālo ayaṃ bhavaṃ asappuriso’ti? Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca tasmā naṃ paṇḍitā jānanti – ‘bālo ayaṃ bhavaṃ asappuriso’ti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni.
PTS 1.103已對照

“諸比丘,智者有這三種智者之相、智者之徵、智者之行跡。哪三種呢?諸比丘,在此,智者是思慮善思者、言說善言者、行作善行者。諸比丘,若智者不是思慮善思者、言說善言者、行作善行者,諸智者憑什麼知道他:‘這位先生是智者、是善士’呢?諸比丘,正因為智者是思慮善思者、言說善言者、行作善行者,所以諸智者知道他:‘這位先生是智者、是善士。’諸比丘,這就是智者的三種智者之相、智者之徵、智者之行跡。因此……第三[經]。

‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Idha, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca hoti subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca abhavissa subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca, kena naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ – ‘paṇḍito ayaṃ bhavaṃ sappuriso’ti? Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca hoti subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca tasmā naṃ paṇḍitā jānanti – ‘paṇḍito ayaṃ bhavaṃ sappuriso’ti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānāni. Tasmātiha…. Tatiyaṃ.
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四、罪過經

4. Accayasuttaṃ
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四、“諸比丘,具足三種法的,應知[他]是愚人。具足哪三種[法]呢?不見罪過為罪過;見罪過為罪過之後,不如法悔改;而對他人懺悔罪過,不如法接受。諸比丘,具足這三種法的,應知[他]是愚人。

4. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Accayaṃ accayato na passati, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ nappaṭikaroti, parassa kho pana accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ nappaṭiggaṇhāti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.
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“諸比丘,具足三種法的,應知[他]是智者。具足哪三種[法]呢?見罪過為罪過;見罪過為罪過之後,如法悔改;而對他人懺悔罪過,如法接受。諸比丘,具足這三種法的,應知[他]是智者。因此……第四[經]。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Accayaṃ accayato passati, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti, parassa kho pana accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Tasmātiha…. Catutthaṃ.
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五、不如理經

5. Ayonisosuttaṃ
5緬 1.102已對照

五、“諸比丘,具足三種法的,應知[他]是愚人。具足哪三種[法]呢?是不如理地提問者,是不如理地解答問題者,而對他人以圓滿、連貫、切當的文句如理解答的問題,不是隨喜者。諸比丘,具足這三種法的,應知[他]是愚人。

5. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Ayoniso pañhaṃ kattā hoti, ayoniso pañhaṃ vissajjetā hoti, parassa kho pana yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjitaṃ parimaṇḍalehi padabyañjanehi siliṭṭhehi upagatehi nābbhanumoditā hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.
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“諸比丘,具足三種法的,應知[他]是智者。具足哪三種[法]呢?是如理地提問者,是如理地解答問題者,而對他人以圓滿、連貫、切當的文句如理解答的問題,是隨喜者。諸比丘,具足這三種法的,應知[他]是智者。因此……第五[經]。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Yoniso pañhaṃ kattā hoti, yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjetā hoti, parassa kho pana yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjitaṃ parimaṇḍalehi padabyañjanehi siliṭṭhehi upagatehi abbhanumoditā hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Tasmātiha…. Pañcamaṃ.
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六、不善經

6. Akusalasuttaṃ
6PTS 1.104已對照

六、“諸比丘,具足三種法的,應知[他]是愚人。具足哪三種[法]呢?不善的身業、不善的語業、不善的意業。諸比丘,具足這三種法的,應知[他]是愚人。

6. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Akusalena kāyakammena, akusalena vacīkammena, akusalena manokammena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.
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“諸比丘,具足三種法的,應知[他]是智者。具足哪三種[法]呢?善的身業、善的語業、善的意業。諸比丘,具足這三種法的,應知[他]是智者。因此……第六[經]。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Kusalena kāyakammena, kusalena vacīkammena, kusalena manokammena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Tasmātiha…. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
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七、有罪經

7. Sāvajjasuttaṃ
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七、“諸比丘,具足三種法的,應知[他]是愚人。具足哪三種[法]呢?有罪的身業、有罪的語業、有罪的意業……乃至……無罪的身業、無罪的語業、無罪的意業……乃至……第七[經]。

7. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Sāvajjena kāyakammena, sāvajjena vacīkammena, sāvajjena manokammena…pe… anavajjena kāyakammena, anavajjena vacīkammena, anavajjena manokammena…pe…. Sattamaṃ.
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八、有惱害經

8. Sabyābajjhasuttaṃ
8緬 1.103已對照

八、“諸比丘,具足三種法的,應知[他]是愚人。具足哪三種[法]呢?有惱害的身業、有惱害的語業、有惱害的意業……乃至……無惱害的身業、無惱害的語業、無惱害的意業。諸比丘,具足這三種法的,應知[他]是智者。

8. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Sabyābajjhena kāyakammena, sabyābajjhena vacīkammena, sabyābajjhena manokammena…pe… abyābajjhena kāyakammena, abyābajjhena vacīkammena, abyābajjhena manokammena. Imehi, kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo.
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“因此,諸比丘,你們應當這樣修學:‘具足哪三種法的應知是愚人,我們要回避那三種法;具足哪三種法的應知是智者,我們要受持那三種法而行。’諸比丘,你們應當這樣修學。”第八[經]。

‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo te tayo dhamme abhinivajjetvā, yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo te tayo dhamme samādāya vattissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba’’nti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
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九、受損經

9. Khatasuttaṃ
9PTS 1.105已對照

九、“諸比丘,具足三種法的愚人、不明達者、非善士,守護受損、受害的自己,是有罪的,為智者所呵,生起許多非福。具足哪三種[法]呢?身惡行、語惡行、意惡行。諸比丘,具足這三種法的愚人、不明達者、非善士,守護受損、受害的自己,是有罪的,為智者所呵,生起許多非福。

9. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyaduccaritena, vacīduccaritena, manoduccaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati.
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“諸比丘,具足三種法的智者、明達者、善士,守護未受損、未受害的自己,是無罪的,不為智者所呵,生起許多福。具足哪三種[法]呢?身善行、語善行、意善行。諸比丘,具足這三種法的智者、明達者、善士,守護未受損、未受害的自己,是無罪的,不為智者所呵,生起許多福。”第九[經]。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavati. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyasucaritena, vacīsucaritena, manosucaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
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十、垢經

10. Malasuttaṃ
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十、“諸比丘,具足三種法者,不捨斷三種垢,便如被取來放下[一般],就這樣[墮]在地獄中。具足哪三種[法]呢?他是破戒者,而他的破戒之垢未斷;他是嫉妒者,而他的嫉之垢未斷;他是慳吝者,而他的慳之垢未斷。諸比丘,具足這三種法者,不捨斷這三種垢,便如被取來放下[一般],就這樣[墮]在地獄中。

10. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato tayo male appahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi tīhi? Dussīlo ca hoti, dussīlyamalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti; issukī ca hoti, issāmalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti; maccharī ca hoti, maccheramalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato ime tayo male appahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
緬 1.104已對照

“諸比丘,具足三種法者,舍斷三種垢,便如被取來放下[一般],就這樣[生]在天界中。具足哪三種[法]呢?他是持戒者,而他的破戒之垢已斷;他是不嫉妒者,而他的嫉之垢已斷;他是不慳吝者,而他的慳之垢已斷。諸比丘,具足這三種法者,舍斷這三種垢,便如被取來放下[一般],就這樣[生]在天界中。”第十[經]。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato tayo male pahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi tīhi? Sīlavā ca hoti, dussīlyamalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti; anissukī ca hoti, issāmalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti; amaccharī ca hoti, maccheramalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato ime tayo male pahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
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愚人品第一。

Bālavaggo paṭhamo.
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其攝頌——

怖畏、相與思,罪過及不如理;

不善與有罪,有惱害、受損、垢。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Bhayaṃ lakkhaṇacintī ca, accayañca ayoniso;
Akusalañca sāvajjaṃ, sabyābajjhakhataṃ malanti.