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清净道论·神通的解说 Abhiññāniddeso

本经目录十三、神通的解说天耳界论天耳界论,终。他心智论他心智论,终。宿住随念智论宿住随念智论,终。死生智论死生智论,终。杂论如是,在为令善人愉悦而造的《清净道论》中,名为〈神通的解说〉的第十三章[终]。

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十三、神通的解说

13. Abhiññāniddeso
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天耳界论

Dibbasotadhātukathā
400缅 2.37已对照

四百、现在轮到天耳界的解说次第了。此中,在这[天耳界]与其后的三种神通中,「当他的心如此得定」等(《长部》1.240 等)的意义,应依所说的方式了知;而我们在一切处只解释差别之处。此中,于「以天耳界(dibbāya sotadhātuyā)」这里:由于与天的相似,故为「天」。因为诸天有由善行之业所生、不为胆汁、痰、血等所障碍、由于脱离了染污而能领受远处所缘的天的净色耳界;而这比丘由精进修习之力所生的这智耳界,也正是那样的,所以由于与天的相似,故为「天」。此外,由于依天住而获得、自身也依止于天住,也为「天」。依听闻之义与无命之义,为「耳界」;又由于作耳界的作用、犹如耳界,也为「耳界」。[即]以那天耳界。

400. Idāni dibbasotadhātuyā niddesakkamo anuppatto. Tattha tato parāsu ca tīsu abhiññāsu so evaṃ samāhite cittetiādīnaṃ (dī. ni. 1.240 ādayo) attho vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Sabbattha pana visesamattameva vaṇṇayissāma. Tatra dibbāya sotadhātuyāti ettha dibbasadisattā dibbā. Devānaṃ hi sucaritakammanibbattā pittasemharuhirādīhi apalibuddhā upakkilesavimuttatāya dūrepi ārammaṇaṃ sampaṭicchanasamatthā dibbapasādasotadhātu hoti. Ayañcāpi imassa bhikkhuno vīriyabhāvanābalanibbattā ñāṇasotadhātu tādisāyevāti dibbasadisattā dibbā. Apica dibbavihāravasena paṭiladdhattā attanā ca dibbavihārasannissitattāpi dibbā. Savanaṭṭhena nijjīvaṭṭhena ca sotadhātu. Sotadhātukiccakaraṇena ca sotadhātu viyātipi sotadhātu. Tāya dibbāya sotadhātuyā.
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「清净(visuddhāya)」者:即遍净的、无染污的。「超人的(atikkantamānusikāya)」者:即越过人所行之处,以听闻声音而超越了人的肉耳界、越过而住立的。「听见……两种声音(ubho sadde suṇāti)」者:即听见两种声音。哪两种?天的与人的——是说诸天的与人们的声音。应知以此[说的]是部分的摄尽。「无论远的还是近的(ye dūre santike ca)」者:是说凡远在他轮围的声音,以及凡近处、甚至依止于自己身体的小生物的声音,他都听见。应知以此[说的]是无余的摄尽。

Visuddhāyāti parisuddhāya nirupakkilesāya. Atikkantamānusikāyāti manussūpacāraṃ atikkamitvā saddasavanena mānusikaṃ maṃsasotadhātuṃ atikkantāya vītivattitvā ṭhitāya. Ubho sadde suṇātīti dve sadde suṇāti. Katame dve? Dibbe ca mānuse ca, devānañca manussānañca saddeti vuttaṃ hoti. Etena padesapariyādānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Ye dūre santike cāti ye saddā dūre paracakkavāḷepi ye ca santike antamaso sadehasannissitapāṇakasaddāpi, te suṇātīti vuttaṃ hoti. Etena nippadesapariyādānaṃ veditabbaṃ.
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那么,这[天耳界]应如何生起呢?那比丘应入作为神通之基础的禅那,出[定]后,以遍作定之心,首先转向平常耳路中远处的粗声——林中狮子等的声音;[然后是]寺中的钟声、大鼓声、螺贝声、以全力诵习的沙弥与年少比丘的诵习声、作平常谈话者的「什么,尊者?什么,贤友?」等声、鸟声、风声、脚步声、沸水的嘶嘶声、日晒中正在干的多罗叶声、小蚁等的声音——如是从最粗的[声音]开始,应依次转向细微的声音。他应作意东方诸声音的声相;应作意西方、北方、南方、下方、上方,东方的隅、西方、北方、南方的隅的诸声音的声相;应作意粗的与细的诸声音的声相。那些声音对他平常的心也是明显的,而对遍作定之心则极为明显。

Kathaṃ panāyaṃ uppādetabbāti? Tena bhikkhunā abhiññāpādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya parikammasamādhicittena paṭhamataraṃ pakatisotapathe dūre oḷāriko araññe sīhādīnaṃ saddo āvajjitabbo. Vihāre ghaṇḍisaddo, bherisaddo, saṅkhasaddo, sāmaṇeradaharabhikkhūnaṃ sabbathāmena sajjhāyantānaṃ sajjhāyanasaddo, pakatikathaṃ kathentānaṃ ‘‘kiṃ bhante, kimāvuso’’tiādisaddo, sakuṇasaddo, vātasaddo, padasaddo, pakkuthitaudakassa cicciṭāyanasaddo, ātape sussamānatālapaṇṇasaddo, kunthakipillikādisaddoti evaṃ sabboḷārikato pabhuti yathākkamena sukhumasaddā āvajjitabbā. Tena puratthimāya disāya saddānaṃ saddanimittaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Pacchimāya, uttarāya, dakkhiṇāya, heṭṭhimāya, uparimāya disāya, puratthimāya anudisāya, pacchimāya, uttarāya, dakkhiṇāya anudisāya saddānaṃ saddanimittaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Oḷārikānampi sukhumānampi saddānaṃ saddanimittaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Tassa te saddā pākatikacittassāpi pākaṭā honti. Parikammasamādhicittassa pana ativiya pākaṭā.
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当他如是作意声相时,[正当]「现在天耳界将生起」之际,以那些声音中的某一个为所缘,意门转向生起。当它灭去时,四个或五个速行速行,其中前三个或前四个是名为遍作、近行、随顺、种姓的欲界[心],第四个或第五个是色界的、属第四禅的安止心。此中,应知凡与那安止心一同生起的智,这就是天耳界。此后,他便已落入那[智]耳中。使它坚固时,应[想]「我听见这范围内的声音」,限定约一指之量而增长;然后应依二指、四指、八指、一张手、一肘、室内、门廊、殿堂、僧房、僧园、行乞村、地方等,直到轮围,或更远,一再地限定而增长。

Tassevaṃ saddanimittaṃ manasikaroto idāni dibbasotadhātu uppajjissatīti tesu saddesu aññataraṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārāvajjanaṃ uppajjati. Tasmiṃ niruddhe cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti, yesaṃ purimāni tīṇi cattāri vā parikammaupacārānulomagotrabhunāmakāni kāmāvacarāni, catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ vā appanācittaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ catutthajjhānikaṃ. Tattha yaṃ tena appanācittena saddhiṃ uppannaṃ ñāṇaṃ, ayaṃ dibbasotadhātūti veditabbā. Tato paraṃ tasmiṃ sote patito hoti. Taṃ thāmajātaṃ karontena ‘‘etthantare saddaṃ suṇāmī’’ti ekaṅgulamattaṃ paricchinditvā vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Tato dvaṅgulacaturaṅgulaaṭṭhaṅgulavidatthiratanaantogabbhapamukhapāsādapariveṇasaṅghārāmagocaragāmajanapadādivasena yāva cakkavāḷaṃ tato vā bhiyyopi paricchinditvā paricchinditvā vaḍḍhetabbaṃ.
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如是已证得神通者,对于在基础禅所缘所遍满的空间之内的声音,即使不再入基础禅,也必以神通智听见。而如是听时,即使直到梵天界因螺贝、大鼓、铙鼓等声音而成为一片喧闹,若有各别辨定的意欲,他也必能辨定:「这是螺贝声,这是大鼓声。」

Evaṃ adhigatābhiñño esa pādakajjhānārammaṇena phuṭṭhokāsabbhantaragatepi sadde puna pādakajjhānaṃ asamāpajjitvāpi abhiññāñāṇena suṇātiyeva. Evaṃ suṇanto ca sacepi yāva brahmalokā saṅkhabheripaṇavādisaddehi ekakolāhalaṃ hoti, pāṭiyekkaṃ vavatthapetukāmatāya sati ayaṃ saṅkhasaddo ayaṃ bherisaddoti vavatthapetuṃ sakkotiyevāti.
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天耳界论,终。

Dibbasotadhātukathā niṭṭhitā.
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他心智论

Cetopariyañāṇakathā
401缅 2.39已对照

四百零一、在〈他心智论〉中,于「于他心智(cetopariyañāṇāya)」这里:周遍了知(pariyāti),故为「遍」(pariya),即界定之义。心的「遍」,为「心遍」(cetopariya)。既是心遍,又是智,故为「他心智」(cetopariyañāṇa)。是说:为了那[智]。「其他众生的(parasattānaṃ)」者:即除了自己之外其余众生的。「其他人的(parapuggalānaṃ)」者:这与那[词]也是同一义;而依所化者、并依说法的巧妙,作了文句的差异。「以心……心(cetasā ceto)」者:即以自己的心[知]他们的心。「遍知(paricca pajānāti)」者:即界定之后,依有贪等以种种方式了知。

401. Cetopariyañāṇakathāya cetopariyañāṇāyāti ettha pariyātīti pariyaṃ, paricchindatīti attho. Cetaso pariyaṃ cetopariyaṃ. Cetopariyañca taṃ ñāṇañcāti cetopariyañāṇaṃ. Tadatthāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Parasattānanti attānaṃ ṭhapetvā sesasattānaṃ. Parapuggalānanti idampi iminā ekatthameva. Veneyyavasena pana desanāvilāsena ca byañjananānattaṃ kataṃ. Cetasā cetoti attano cittena tesaṃ cittaṃ. Paricca pajānātīti paricchinditvā sarāgādivasena nānappakārato jānāti.
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那么,这智应如何生起呢?因为它依天眼而成就,那[天眼]是它的遍作。所以那比丘应增长光明,以天眼见到依止他人心脏之色(hadayarūpa)而转起的血的颜色,而寻求[其]心。因为当喜悦心转起时,[血]是红的,如熟了的榕果;当忧心转起时,是黑的,如熟了的阎浮果;当舍心转起时,如澄净的胡麻油。所以,他应见他人心脏之血的颜色[而辨定]:「这色是由喜悦根等起的,这是由忧根等起的,这是由舍根等起的」,以此寻求[其]心,使他心智坚固。因为当它如是坚固时,他便依次了知一切欲界心以及色界、无色界心,从心到心地转移,即使不见心脏之色也[能了知]。这也已在义注中说过:「在无色[界]中想知他人的心,他看谁的心脏之色、观察谁的根的变异呢?谁的也不。这是有神通者的境界,即:无论在何处,转向心时,便了知十六种类的心。而这番话是依未作专注致力者而说的。」

Kathaṃ panetaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppādetabbanti? Etañhi dibbacakkhuvasena ijjhati, taṃ etassa parikammaṃ. Tasmā tena bhikkhunā ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā dibbena cakkhunā parassa hadayarūpaṃ nissāya vattamānassa lohitassa vaṇṇaṃ passitvā cittaṃ pariyesitabbaṃ. Yadā hi somanassacittaṃ vattati, tadā rattaṃ nigrodhapakkasadisaṃ hoti. Yadā domanassacittaṃ vattati, tadā kāḷakaṃ jambupakkasadisaṃ. Yadā upekkhācittaṃ vattati, tadā pasannatilatelasadisaṃ. Tasmā tena ‘‘idaṃ rūpaṃ somanassindriyasamuṭṭhānaṃ, idaṃ domanassindriyasamuṭṭhānaṃ, idaṃ upekkhindriyasamuṭṭhāna’’nti parassa hadayalohitavaṇṇaṃ passitvā cittaṃ pariyesantena cetopariyañāṇaṃ thāmagataṃ kātabbaṃ. Evaṃ thāmagate hi tasmiṃ anukkamena sabbampi kāmāvacaracittaṃ rūpāvacarārūpāvacaracittañca pajānāti cittā cittameva saṅkamanto vināpi hadayarūpadassanena. Vuttampi cetaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘āruppe parassa cittaṃ jānitukāmo kassa hadayarūpaṃ passati, kassindriyavikāraṃ oloketīti? Na kassaci. Iddhimato visayo esa yadidaṃ yattha katthaci cittaṃ āvajjanto soḷasappabhedaṃ cittaṃ jānāti. Akatābhinivesassa pana vasena ayaṃ kathā’’ti.
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而在「有贪的心(sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ)」等中,应知八种与贪俱行的心是「有贪的心」;其余四地的善与无记心是离贪的。而两种忧心、两种疑与掉举的心,这四种心不入于这一对的摄。然而有些长老也把它们摄入。而两种忧心名为有瞋的心;一切四地的善与无记心是离瞋的。其余十种不善心不入于这一对的摄。然而有些长老也把它们摄入。

Sarāgaṃ vā cittantiādīsu pana aṭṭhavidhaṃ lobhasahagataṃ cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti veditabbaṃ. Avasesaṃ catubhūmakaṃ kusalābyākataṃ cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ. Dve domanassacittāni dve vicikicchuddhaccacittānīti imāni pana cattāri cittāni imasmiṃ duke saṅgahaṃ na gacchanti. Keci pana therā tānipi saṅgaṇhanti. Duvidhaṃ pana domanassacittaṃ sadosaṃ cittaṃ nāma. Sabbampi catubhūmakaṃ kusalābyākataṃ vītadosaṃ. Sesāni dasākusalacittāni imasmiṃ duke saṅgahaṃ na gacchanti. Keci pana therā tānipi saṅgaṇhanti.
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「有痴、离痴(samohaṃ vītamohaṃ)」这里:依不共的方式,唯有与疑俱行、与掉举俱行的两种是有痴的;然而由于痴在一切不善中都有,应知十二种不善心都是「有痴的心」;其余的是离痴的。而随昏沉睡眠的是萎缩的;随掉举的是散乱的;色界、无色界的是广大的;其余的是不广大的;一切三地的是有上的;出世间的是无上的;达到近行的与达到安止的是得定的;两者都未达到的是无定的;达到彼分、镇伏、正断、安息、出离解脱的是解脱的;应知未达到这五种解脱的是未解脱的。如是,得他心智的比丘了知一切种类的这[心]:有贪的心……乃至……未解脱的心,了知为「未解脱的心」。

Samohaṃ vītamohanti ettha pana pāṭipuggalikanayena vicikicchuddhaccasahagatadvayameva samohaṃ, mohassa pana sabbākusalesu sambhavato dvādasavidhampi akusalacittaṃ samohaṃ cittanti veditabbaṃ. Avasesaṃ vītamohaṃ. Thinamiddhānugataṃ pana saṃkhittaṃ. Uddhaccānugataṃ vikkhittaṃ. Rūpāvacarārūpāvacaraṃ mahaggataṃ. Avasesaṃ amahaggataṃ. Sabbampi tebhūmakaṃ sauttaraṃ. Lokuttaraṃ anuttaraṃ. Upacārappattaṃ appanāppattañca samāhitaṃ. Ubhayamappattaṃ asamāhitaṃ. Tadaṅgavikkhambhanasamucchedapaṭipassaddhinissaraṇavimuttippattaṃ vimuttaṃ. Pañcavidhampi etaṃ vimuttimappattaṃ avimuttanti veditabbaṃ. Iti cetopariyañāṇalābhī bhikkhu sabbappakārampi idaṃ sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānātīti.
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他心智论,终。

Cetopariyañāṇakathā niṭṭhitā.
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宿住随念智论

Pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇakathā
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四百零二、在宿住随念智论中,「于宿住随念智(pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya)」(《长部》1.244)者:即为了那在宿住随念中的智。「宿住(pubbenivāso)」者:即先前于过去诸生中所住过的诸蕴。「所住过的(nivutthā)」者:即已居住的、已经历的、在自己的相续中生起而已灭去的;或者[是]所住过的诸法。「所住过的」者:即依行境之住(gocaranivāsa)而住过的,[即]为自己的识所识知、所辨别的;或者在随念已断[轮回之]路者(chinnavaṭumaka)等[情形]中,也是为他人的识所识知的——那些唯诸佛可得。「宿住随念(pubbenivāsānussati)」者:即以之随念宿住的那个念,那是宿住随念。「智(ñāṇaṃ)」者:即与那念相应的智。如是,「于宿住随念智」是说:为了这宿住随念智,[即]为了这智的证得、获得——是所说的意思。

402. Pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇakathāyaṃ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāyāti (dī. ni. 1.244) pubbenivāsānussatimhi yaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tadatthāya. Pubbenivāsoti pubbe atītajātīsu nivutthakkhandhā. Nivutthāti ajjhāvutthā anubhūtā attano santāne uppajjitvā niruddhā. Nivutthadhammā vā. Nivutthāti gocaranivāsena nivutthā attano viññāṇena viññātā paricchinnā, paraviññāṇaviññātāpi vā chinnavaṭumakānussaraṇādīsu, te buddhānaṃyeva labbhanti. Pubbenivāsānussatīti yāya satiyā pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, sā pubbenivāsānussati. Ñāṇanti tāya satiyā sampayuttañāṇaṃ. Evamimassa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa atthāya pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya etassa ñāṇassa adhigamāya pattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti.
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「许多种(anekavihitaṃ)」者:即多种的;或以多种方式所转起的,[即]被详述的——此是其义。「宿住(pubbenivāsaṃ)」者:即以紧接的过去有为始,于彼彼处所住过的相续。「回忆起(anussarati)」者:即依蕴的次第,或依死与结生,一再随行而忆念。因为有六种人随念这宿住:外道、一般弟子(pakatisāvaka)、大弟子、上首弟子、独觉佛、诸佛。

Anekavihitanti anekavidhaṃ, anekehi vā pakārehi pavattitaṃ, saṃvaṇṇitanti attho. Pubbenivāsanti samanantarātītabhavaṃ ādiṃ katvā tattha tattha nivutthasantānaṃ. Anussaratīti khandhapaṭipāṭivasena cutipaṭisandhivasena vā anugantvā anugantvā sarati. Imañhi pubbenivāsaṃ cha janā anussaranti – titthiyā, pakatisāvakā, mahāsāvakā, aggasāvakā, paccekabuddhā, buddhāti.
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此中,外道只能随念四十劫,不能超过那[限度]。为什么呢?由于慧弱。因为他们缺乏名色限定,所以慧弱。一般弟子能随念百劫,也能随念千劫,由于慧强。八十大弟子随念十万劫。两位上首弟子[随念]一阿僧祇又十万[劫]。独觉佛[随念]两阿僧祇又十万[劫]。因为他们的发愿(abhinīhāra)正是这么多。而诸佛则没有所谓的限量。

Tattha titthiyā cattālīsaṃyeva kappe anussaranti, na tato paraṃ. Kasmā, dubbalapaññattā. Tesañhi nāmarūpaparicchedavirahitattā dubbalā paññā hoti. Pakatisāvakā kappasatampi kappasahassampi anussarantiyeva, balavapaññattā. Asītimahāsāvakā satasahassakappe anussaranti. Dve aggasāvakā ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ satasahassañca. Paccekabuddhā dve asaṅkhyeyyāni satasahassañca. Ettako hi etesaṃ abhinīhāro. Buddhānaṃ pana paricchedo nāma natthi.
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又,外道只依蕴的次第忆念,不能舍了次第而依死与结生忆念。因为他们就像盲人一样,不能踏入所欲之处。正如盲人不放开手杖而行,同样,他们不放开诸蕴的次第而忆念。一般弟子既依蕴的次第随念,也依死与结生转移。八十大弟子也是如此。而两位上首弟子没有[依]蕴的次第之事:他们见了一个自体的死,便看结生,又见了另一个[自体]的死,[便看]结生——如是唯依死与结生转移而行。独觉佛也是如此。

Titthiyā ca khandhapaṭipāṭimeva saranti, paṭipāṭiṃ muñcitvā cutipaṭisandhivasena sarituṃ na sakkonti. Tesañhi andhānaṃ viya icchitapadesokkamanaṃ natthi. Yathā pana andhā yaṭṭhiṃ amuñcitvāva gacchanti, evaṃ te khandhānaṃ paṭipāṭiṃ amuñcitvāva saranti. Pakatisāvakā khandhapaṭipāṭiyāpi anussaranti cutipaṭisandhivasenapi saṅkamanti. Tathā asītimahāsāvakā. Dvinnaṃ pana aggasāvakānaṃ khandhapaṭipāṭikiccaṃ natthi. Ekassa attabhāvassa cutiṃ disvā paṭisandhiṃ passanti, puna aparassa cutiṃ disvā paṭisandhinti evaṃ cutipaṭisandhivaseneva saṅkamantā gacchanti. Tathā paccekabuddhā.
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而诸佛既没有[依]蕴的次第之事,也没有依死与结生转移之事。因为对他们而言,在许多俱胝劫中,无论在下或在上,凡他们所欲的处所,那一处便显明。所以他们把许多俱胝劫也像中略的圣典(peyyālapāḷi)那样缩略,凡所欲之处,就在那里踏入,以狮子跃进(sīhokkanta)的方式而行。而当他们如是行时,他们的智——犹如一位曾熟练射穿毛发、如萨罗跋伽(Sarabhaṅga)般的弓箭手射出的箭,在中途不挂碍于树木、藤蔓等,唯落在靶上,不挂碍、不偏失——同样,[他们的智]在中间诸生中不挂碍、不偏失,不挂碍、不偏失地唯取所欲的处所。

Buddhānaṃ pana neva khandhapaṭipāṭikiccaṃ, na cutipaṭisandhivasena saṅkamanakiccaṃ atthi. Tesañhi anekāsu kappakoṭīsu heṭṭhā vā upari vā yaṃ yaṃ ṭhānaṃ icchanti, taṃ taṃ pākaṭameva hoti. Tasmā anekāpi kappakoṭiyo peyyālapāḷiṃ viya saṃkhipitvā yaṃ yaṃ icchanti, tatra tatreva okkamantā sīhokkantavasena gacchanti. Evaṃ gacchantānañca nesaṃ ñāṇaṃ yathā nāma katavālavedhaparicayassa sarabhaṅgasadisassa dhanuggahassa khitto saro antarā rukkhalatādīsu asajjamāno lakkheyeva patati, na sajjati, na virajjhati, evaṃ antarantarāsu jātīsu na sajjati, na virajjhati, asajjamānaṃ avirajjhamānaṃ icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃyeva gaṇhāti.
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而在这些随念宿住的众生之中,外道的宿住之见,如萤火虫的光那样现起。一般弟子的,如灯光。大弟子的,如火炬的光。上首弟子的,如太白星(osadhitārakā)的光。独觉佛的,如月光。诸佛的,则如以千道光芒庄严的秋日轮那样现起。

Imesu ca pana pubbenivāsaṃ anussaraṇasattesu titthiyānaṃ pubbenivāsadassanaṃ khajjupanakapabhāsadisaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti. Pakatisāvakānaṃ dīpappabhāsadisaṃ. Mahāsāvakānaṃ ukkāpabhāsadisaṃ. Aggasāvakānaṃ osadhitārakappabhāsadisaṃ. Paccekabuddhānaṃ candappabhāsadisaṃ. Buddhānaṃ rasmisahassapaṭimaṇḍitasaradasūriyamaṇḍalasadisaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti.
缅 2.42已对照

又,外道的宿住随念,如盲人循杖端而行。一般弟子的,如走独木桥。大弟子的,如走步行桥。上首弟子的,如走车桥。独觉佛的,如走大步行道。诸佛的,如走大车道。

Titthiyānañca pubbenivāsānussaraṇaṃ andhānaṃ yaṭṭhikoṭigamanaṃ viya hoti. Pakatisāvakānaṃ daṇḍakasetugamanaṃ viya. Mahāsāvakānaṃ jaṅghasetugamanaṃ viya. Aggasāvakānaṃ sakaṭasetugamanaṃ viya. Paccekabuddhānaṃ mahājaṅghamaggagamanaṃ viya. Buddhānaṃ mahāsakaṭamaggagamanaṃ viya.
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而在此部中,所意指的是弟子的宿住随念。所以说:「『回忆起』者:即依蕴的次第,或依死与结生,一再随行而忆念。」

Imasmiṃ pana adhikāre sāvakānaṃ pubbenivāsānussaraṇaṃ adhippetaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘anussaratīti khandhapaṭipāṭivasena cutipaṭisandhivasena vā anugantvā anugantvā saratī’’ti.
403已对照

四百零三、所以,想要如是随念的初学比丘,应在食后从乞食回来,独处静坐,依次入四禅,从作为神通之基础的第四禅出[定]后,转向最后的那一次坐。其后[应转向]:敷设座位、进入坐卧处、收拾钵与衣、用餐之时、从村落回来之时、在村落中乞食而行之时、入村落乞食之时、从寺出来之时、礼敬塔庙庭院与菩提树庭院之时、洗钵之时、取钵之时、从取钵直到洗脸所作之事、黎明时所作之事、中夜所作之事、初夜所作之事——如是依逆序转向一整个昼夜所作之事。这么多,连对平常的心也是明显的;而对遍作定之心则极为明显。

403. Tasmā evamanussaritukāmena ādikammikena bhikkhunā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantena rahogatena paṭisallinena paṭipāṭiyā cattāri jhānāni samāpajjitvā abhiññāpādakacatutthajjhānato vuṭṭhāya sabbapacchimā nisajjā āvajjitabbā. Tato āsanapaññāpanaṃ, senāsanappavesanaṃ, pattacīvarapaṭisāmanaṃ, bhojanakālo, gāmato āgamanakālo, gāme piṇḍāya caritakālo, gāmaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhakālo, vihārato nikkhamanakālo, cetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇavandanakālo, pattadhovanakālo, pattapaṭiggahaṇakālo, pattapaṭiggahaṇato yāva mukhadhovanā katakiccaṃ, paccūsakāle katakiccaṃ, majjhimayāme katakiccaṃ, paṭhamayāme katakiccanti evaṃ paṭilomakkamena sakalaṃ rattindivaṃ katakiccaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ. Ettakaṃ pana pakaticittassapi pākaṭaṃ hoti. Parikammasamādhicittassa pana atipākaṭameva.
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但若此中有任何[事]不明显,应再入基础禅,出[定]后转向。由此便像点亮了灯一样明显。如是也应依逆序转向第二日,第三、第四、第五日,十日,半月,一月,直到一年所作之事。依这同样的方便,以「十年、二十年」[的方式]转向,直到在此有中自己的结生为止的人,应转向于前一有的死刹那所转起的名色。因为有智的比丘在第一回便能揭开结生,以死刹那的名色为所缘。

Sace panettha kiñci na pākaṭaṃ hoti, puna pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya āvajjitabbaṃ. Ettakena dīpe jalite viya pākaṭaṃ hoti. Evaṃ paṭilomakkameneva dutiyadivasepi tatiyacatutthapañcamadivasepi dasāhepi aḍḍhamāsepi māsepi yāva saṃvaccharāpi katakiccaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ. Eteneva upāyena dasavassāni vīsativassānīti yāva imasmiṃ bhave attano paṭisandhi, tāva āvajjantena purimabhave cutikkhaṇe pavattitanāmarūpaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ. Pahoti hi paṇḍito bhikkhu paṭhamavāreneva paṭisandhiṃ ugghāṭetvā cutikkhaṇe nāmarūpamārammaṇaṃ kātuṃ.
缅 2.43已对照

然而,因为在前一有中,名色已无余地灭去,另有[名色]生起,所以那一处所是幽闭的,犹如漆黑的黑暗,劣慧者难以看见。即使是他,也不应[想]「我不能揭开结生,以死刹那所转起的名色为所缘」而放弃努力(dhuranikkhepa);而应一再入那同一基础禅,每次出[定]后都转向那一处所。

Yasmā pana purimabhave nāmarūpaṃ asesaṃ niruddhaṃ aññaṃ uppannaṃ, tasmā taṃ ṭhānaṃ āhundarikaṃ andhatamamiva hoti duddasaṃ duppaññena. Tenāpi ‘‘na sakkomahaṃ paṭisandhiṃ ugghāṭetvā cutikkhaṇe pavattitanāmarūpamārammaṇaṃ kātu’’nti dhuranikkhepo na kātabbo. Tadeva pana pādakajjhānaṃ punappunaṃ samāpajjitabbaṃ. Tato ca vuṭṭhāya vuṭṭhāya taṃ ṭhānaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ.
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因为如是做时,譬如有个强壮的人,为了[做]尖顶屋的顶尖[木]而砍一棵大树,才砍断枝叶,斧刃就钝了,虽然砍不倒大树,却不放弃努力,而是到铁匠铺使人把斧头磨利,再回来砍;[斧刃]又钝了,便再照样使人[磨利]而砍。他如是砍时,由于已砍之处无须再砍,并且砍那未砍之处,不久就能砍倒大树。正是如此,从基础禅出[定]后,不转向先前已转向过的,唯转向结生,不久就能揭开结生,以死刹那所转起的名色为所缘。也应以劈柴者、剃发者等[的譬喻]阐明这一义。

Evaṃ karonto hi seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso kūṭāgārakaṇṇikatthāya mahārukkhaṃ chindanto sākhāpalāsacchedanamatteneva pharasudhārāya vipannāya mahārukkhaṃ chindituṃ asakkontopi dhuranikkhepaṃ akatvāva kammārasālaṃ gantvā tikhiṇaṃ pharasuṃ kārāpetvā puna āgantvā chindeyya, puna vipannāya ca punapi tatheva kāretvā chindeyya. So evaṃ chindanto chinnassa chinnassa puna chetabbābhāvato acchinnassa ca chedanato nacirasseva mahārukkhaṃ pāteyya, evamevaṃ pādakajjhānā vuṭṭhāya pubbe āvajjitaṃ anāvajjitvā paṭisandhimeva āvajjanto nacirasseva paṭisandhiṃ ugghāṭetvā cutikkhaṇe pavattitanāmarūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ kareyyāti. Kaṭṭhaphālakakesohārakādīhipi ayamattho dīpetabbo.
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此中,以从最后的坐起直到结生为止[的诸事]为所缘而转起的智,不名为宿住智。它名为遍作定智(parikammasamādhiñāṇa)。某些[师]也说[它是]过去分智(atītaṃsañāṇa)。那[说法]若就色界[智]而言,是不合理的。而当这比丘越过结生,以死刹那所转起的名色为所缘,意门转向生起;它灭去后,四个或五个速行便以那同一[名色]为所缘而速行。其余照前面所说的方式:前面那些名为遍作等的是欲界的;最后的是色界第四禅的安止心。那时,他与那心俱生的智,这名为宿住随念智。他以与那智相应的念,「回忆起许多种宿住,即:一生、二生……乃至……如此,他回忆起具有行相、具有细节的许多种宿住」(《长部》1.244)。

Tattha pacchimanisajjato pabhuti yāva paṭisandhito ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattaṃ ñāṇaṃ pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ nāma na hoti. Taṃ pana parikammasamādhiñāṇaṃ nāma hoti. Atītaṃsañāṇantipi eke vadanti. Taṃ rūpāvacaraṃ sandhāya na yujjati. Yadā panassa bhikkhuno paṭisandhiṃ atikkamma cutikkhaṇe pavattitanāmarūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārāvajjanaṃ uppajjati, tasmiñca niruddhe tadevārammaṇaṃ katvā cattāri pañca vā javanāni javanti. Sesaṃ pubbe vuttanayeneva purimāni parikammādināmakāni kāmāvacarāni honti. Pacchimaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ catutthajjhānikaṃ appanācittaṃ. Tadāssa yaṃ tena cittena saha ñāṇaṃ uppajjati, idaṃ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ nāma. Tena ñāṇena sampayuttāya satiyā anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathidaṃ, ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussaratīti (dī. ni. 1.244).
404缅 2.44已对照

四百零四、此中,「一生(ekampi jātiṃ)」者:即以结生为根、以死为终、摄属于一有的一个蕴相续。于「二生(dvepi jātiyo)」等[句]中也是此法。而于「许多坏劫(anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe)」等[句]中,应知衰减中的劫是坏劫,增长中的劫是成劫。此中,以「坏」也摄取了坏住(saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī),因为[坏住]以那[坏]为根本;以「成」也[摄取了]成住(vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī)。因为如此一来,那[经中]所说的「诸比丘,有这四种劫的阿僧祇。哪四种[阿僧祇]呢?坏、坏住、成、成住」(《增支部》4.156,稍有不同),那些便被摄取了。

404. Tattha ekampi jātinti ekampi paṭisandhimūlaṃ cutipariyosānaṃ ekabhavapariyāpannaṃ khandhasantānaṃ. Esa nayo dvepi jātiyotiādīsupi. Anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappetiādīsu pana parihāyamāno kappo saṃvaṭṭakappo, vaḍḍhamāno vivaṭṭakappoti veditabbo. Tattha saṃvaṭṭena saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī gahito hoti, taṃmūlakattā. Vivaṭṭena ca vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī, evañhi sati yāni tāni ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, kappassa asaṅkhyeyyāni. Katamāni cattāri? Saṃvaṭṭo, saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī, vivaṭṭo, vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyīti (a. ni. 4.156 thokaṃ visadisaṃ) vuttāni, tāni pariggahitāni honti.
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此中,有三种坏:水坏、火坏、风坏。有三种坏的界限:光音天、遍净天、广果天。

Tattha tayo saṃvaṭṭā – āposaṃvaṭṭo, tejosaṃvaṭṭo, vāyosaṃvaṭṭoti. Tisso saṃvaṭṭasīmā – ābhassarā, subhakiṇhā, vehapphalāti.
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当劫由火而坏灭时,光音[天]以下被火焚烧。当由水而坏灭时,遍净[天]以下被水溶解。当由风而坏灭时,广果[天]以下被风摧散。而就广度而言,[每次]总是一个佛土毁灭。

Yadā kappo tejena saṃvaṭṭati, ābhassarato heṭṭhā agginā ḍayhati. Yadā āpena saṃvaṭṭati, subhakiṇhato heṭṭhā udakena vilīyati. Yadā vāyunā saṃvaṭṭati, vehapphalato heṭṭhā vātena viddhaṃsati. Vitthārato pana sadāpi ekaṃ buddhakhettaṃ vinassati.
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所谓佛土有三种:生界域(jātikhetta)、教令界域(āṇākhetta)、境界域(visayakhetta)。此中,生界域以一万轮围界为边际,它在如来取结生等时震动。教令界域以十万俱胝轮围界为边际,在那里,《宝经》(《小诵》6.1 等)、《蕴护[经]》(《小品》251;《增支部》4.67)、《幢顶护[经]》(《相应部》1.249)、《阿吒那胝护[经]》(《长部》3.275 等)、《孔雀护[经]》(《本生》1.2.17-18)——这些护[经]的威力运行。境界域无边无量,它就是[世尊]所说的「或者,凡[他]所欲求的[范围]」(《增支部》3.81)——在那里,凡如来所欲求的,他便了知那个。如是,在这三种佛土中,毁灭的是一个教令界域。而当它毁灭时,生界域也必然[随之]毁灭。而它毁灭时是同时毁灭,安立时也是同时安立。它的毁灭与安立应如下了知。

Buddhakhettaṃ nāma tividhaṃ hoti – jātikhettaṃ, āṇākhettaṃ, visayakhettañca. Tattha jātikhettaṃ dasasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ hoti. Yaṃ tathāgatassa paṭisandhigahaṇādīsu kampati. Āṇākhettaṃ koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ, yattha ratanasuttaṃ (khu. pā. 6.1 ādayo) khandhaparittaṃ (cūḷava. 251; a. ni. 4.67) dhajaggaparittaṃ (saṃ. ni. 1.249) āṭānāṭiyaparittaṃ (dī. ni. 3.275 ādayo) moraparittanti (jā. 1.2.17-18) imesaṃ parittānaṃ ānubhāvo vattati. Visayakhettaṃ anantamaparimāṇaṃ. Yaṃ ‘‘yāvatā vā pana ākaṅkheyyā’’ti (a. ni. 3.81) vuttaṃ, yattha yaṃ yaṃ tathāgato ākaṅkhati, taṃ taṃ jānāti. Evametesu tīsu buddhakhettesu ekaṃ āṇākhettaṃ vinassati. Tasmiṃ pana vinassante jātikhettampi vinaṭṭhameva hoti. Vinassantañca ekatova vinassati, saṇṭhahantampi ekato saṇṭhahati. Tassevaṃ vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.
405缅 2.45已对照

四百零五、当劫由火而毁灭之时,起初,毁灭劫的大云升起,在十万俱胝轮围界中降下一场大雨。人们满意、欢喜,取出一切种子播种。然而当庄稼长到牛可以吃的程度时,[那云]发出驴鸣般的声音,连一滴也不降下,那时雨就断绝而彻底断绝了。世尊正是就此而说:「诸比丘,有这样的时候:许多年、许多百年、许多千年、许多十万年,天不降雨。」(《增支部》7.66)依雨而活的众生命终之后生于梵天界,依花果而活的天神们也[是如此]。如是经过了漫长的时期,各处的水都趋于枯竭,于是鱼与龟也次第命终,生于梵天界,地狱众生也[是如此]。此中,某些[师]说:地狱众生是在第七个太阳出现时毁灭的。

405. Yasmiṃ hi samaye kappo agginā nassati, āditova kappavināsakamahāmegho vuṭṭhahitvā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷe ekaṃ mahāvassaṃ vassati. Manussā tuṭṭhahaṭṭhā sabbabījāni nīharitvā vapanti. Sassesu pana gokhāyitakamattesu jātesu gadrabharavaṃ ravanto ekabindumpi na vassati, tadā pacchinnaṃ pacchinnameva vassaṃ hoti. Idaṃ sandhāya hi bhagavatā ‘‘hoti kho so, bhikkhave, samayo yaṃ bahūni vassāni bahūni vassasatāni bahūni vassasahassāni bahūni vassasatasahassāni devo na vassatī’’ti (a. ni. 7.66) vuttaṃ. Vassūpajīvino sattā kālaṅkatvā brahmaloke nibbattanti, pupphaphalūpajīviniyo ca devatā. Evaṃ dīghe addhāne vītivatte tattha tattha udakaṃ parikkhayaṃ gacchati, athānupubbena macchakacchapāpi kālaṅkatvā brahmaloke nibbattanti, nerayikasattāpi. Tattha nerayikā sattamasūriyapātubhāve vinassantīti eke.
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离了禅,便没有在梵天界的投生;而这些[众生]之中,有些为饥荒所逼,有些不能证得禅,他们如何生于那里呢?——依在天界所获得的禅[而生]。因为那时,名为世间聚集(lokabyūha)的欲界诸天[知道]「十万年之后将有劫坏」,便解开头髻、披散头发、面带哭容、以手拭泪、身穿红衣、作极其丑陋的装扮,游行于人间道路上,这样宣告:「尊驾们,从此十万年之后,将有劫坏;这世间将要毁灭,大海也将干涸,这大地与须弥山王将被焚烧、毁灭;世间的毁灭将直至梵天界。尊驾们,请修慈,[修]悲、喜;尊驾们,请修舍;请奉侍母亲,请奉侍父亲,请成为尊敬家中长辈者。」

Jhānaṃ vinā natthi brahmaloke nibbatti, etesañca keci dubbhikkhapīḷitā keci abhabbā jhānādhigamāya, te kathaṃ tattha nibbattantīti. Devaloke paṭiladdhajjhānavasena. Tadā hi ‘‘vassasatasahassassaccayena kappuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissatī’’ti lokabyūhā nāma kāmāvacaradevā muttasirā vikiṇṇakesā rudamukhā assūni hatthehi puñchamānā rattavatthanivatthā ativiya virūpavesadhārino hutvā manussapathe vicarantā evaṃ ārocenti ‘‘mārisā ito vassasatasahassassaccayena kappavuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissati, ayaṃ loko vinassissati, mahāsamuddopi ussussissati, ayañca mahāpathavī sineru ca pabbatarājā uddayhissanti vinassissanti. Yāva brahmalokā lokavināso bhavissati. Mettaṃ mārisā bhāvetha, karuṇaṃ, muditaṃ, upekkhaṃ mārisā bhāvetha, mātaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, pitaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino hothā’’ti.
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听了他们的话,人们与地居天神大多生起悚惧,彼此心变柔软,作了慈等诸福,生于天界。在那里,他们食用天界的甘露之食,于风遍作了遍作,获得禅。而其余[众生]则以后后受业生于天界。因为在轮回中流转的众生,没有一个是没有后后受业的。他们也在那里同样获得禅。如是,一切[众生]都依在天界所获得的禅而生于梵天界。

Tesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā yebhuyyena manussā ca bhummadevatā ca saṃvegajātā aññamaññaṃ muducittā hutvā mettādīni puññāni karitvā devaloke nibbattanti. Tattha dibbasudhābhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā vāyokasiṇe parikammaṃ katvā jhānaṃ paṭilabhanti. Tadaññe pana aparāpariyavedanīyena kammena devaloke nibbattanti. Aparāpariyavedanīyakammarahito hi saṃsāre saṃsaramāno satto nāma natthi. Tepi tattha tatheva jhānaṃ paṭilabhanti. Evaṃ devaloke paṭiladdhajjhānavasena sabbepi brahmaloke nibbattantīti.
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而在雨断绝之后,经过漫长的时期,第二个太阳出现。这也已由世尊说过:「诸比丘,有这样的时候」——应依《七日经》(《增支部》7.66)详说。而当它出现时,既无夜的界限,也无昼的界限可知。一个太阳升起,一个太阳落下,世间唯有不间断的日热。而如同在平常的太阳中有太阳天子,在毁灭劫的太阳中则没有。此中,当平常的太阳运行时,空中也有云与烟缕飘行;当毁灭劫的太阳运行时,天空没有烟与云,如镜面般无垢。除了五大河之外,其余小河等之中的水都干涸了。

Vassūpacchedato pana uddhaṃ dīghassa addhuno accayena dutiyo sūriyo pātubhavati. Vuttampi cetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘hoti kho so, bhikkhave, samayo’’ti sattasūriyaṃ (a. ni. 7.66) vitthāretabbaṃ. Pātubhūte ca pana tasmiṃ neva rattiparicchedo, na divāparicchedo paññāyati. Eko sūriyo uṭṭheti, eko atthaṃ gacchati. Avicchinnasūriyasantāpova loko hoti. Yathā ca pakatisūriye sūriyadevaputto hoti, evaṃ kappavināsakasūriye natthi. Tattha pakatisūriye vattamāne ākāse valāhakāpi dhūmasikhāpi caranti. Kappavināsakasūriye vattamāne vigatadhūmavalāhakaṃ ādāsamaṇḍalaṃ viya nimmalaṃ nabhaṃ hoti. Ṭhapetvā pañca mahānadiyo sesakunnadīādīsu udakaṃ sussati.
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此后又经过漫长的时期,第三个太阳出现。由于它的出现,连大河也干涸了。

Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena tatiyo sūriyo pātubhavati. Yassa pātubhāvā mahānadiyopi sussanti.
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此后又经过漫长的时期,第四个太阳出现。由于它的出现,在雪山中作为诸大河之源的「狮子崖、鹅落、甘那门达、拉他卡拉湖、阿耨达池、六牙象湖、鸠那罗湖」这七大湖都干涸了。

Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena catuttho sūriyo pātubhavati. Yassa pātubhāvā himavati mahānadīnaṃ pabhavā ‘‘sīhapapāto haṃsapātano kaṇṇamuṇḍako rathakāradaho anotattadaho chaddantadaho kuṇāladaho’’ti ime satta mahāsarā sussanti.
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此后又经过漫长的时期,第五个太阳出现。由于它的出现,大海中渐渐连浸湿一节手指那么多的水也留存不住。

Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena pañcamo sūriyo pātubhavati. Yassa pātubhāvā anupubbena mahāsamudde aṅgulipabbatemanamattampi udakaṃ na saṇṭhāti.
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此后又经过漫长的时期,第六个太阳出现。由于它的出现,整个轮围界成为一片烟,[其中的]湿润为烟所耗尽。正如这[轮围界],十万俱胝轮围界也是如此。

Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena chaṭṭho sūriyo pātubhavati. Yassa pātubhāvā sakalacakkavāḷaṃ ekadhūmaṃ hoti. Pariyādiṇṇasinehaṃ dhūmena. Yathā cidaṃ, evaṃ koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷānipi.
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此后又经过漫长的时期,第七个太阳出现。由于它的出现,整个轮围界连同十万俱胝轮围界成为一片火焰。高百由旬等种种的须弥山峰也崩落,就在空中消失。那火焰升起,吞没四大王天。在那里烧毁了金宫殿、宝宫殿、摩尼宫殿之后,吞没三十三天的天宫。依这同样的方便,[一直]吞没到初禅地。在那里把三个梵天界也烧毁之后,触及光音[天]而止住。只要还有微尘许的行类(saṅkhāragata)存在,它便不熄灭;而由于一切行[类]的耗尽,它就像焚烧酥油与油的火焰一样,连灰烬也不留下而熄灭。上方的虚空与下方的虚空合而为一,是一片大黑暗。

Tatopi dīghassa addhuno accayena sattamo sūriyo pātubhavati. Yassa pātubhāvā sakalacakkavāḷaṃ ekajālaṃ hoti saddhiṃ koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷehi. Yojanasatikādibhedāni sinerukūṭānipi palujjitvā ākāseyeva antaradhāyanti. Sā aggijālā uṭṭhahitvā cātumahārājike gaṇhāti. Tattha kanakavimānaratanavimānamaṇivimānāni jhāpetvā tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ gaṇhāti. Eteneva upāyena yāva paṭhamajjhānabhūmiṃ gaṇhāti. Tattha tayopi brahmaloke jhāpetvā ābhassare āhacca tiṭṭhati. Sā yāva aṇumattampi saṅkhāragataṃ atthi, tāva na nibbāyati. Sabbasaṅkhāraparikkhayā pana sappitelajhāpanaggisikhā viya chārikampi anavasesetvā nibbāyati. Heṭṭhāākāsena saha upariākāso eko hoti mahandhakāro.
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四百零六、然后经过漫长的时期,大云升起,起初下着极细的雨。渐渐以如睡莲茎、杖、杵、棕榈树干等粗细的雨柱降雨,把十万俱胝轮围界中一切被烧过的处所填满之后,便消失了。风在那水的下方与四周生起,把它凝聚成团,圆圆的,就像莲叶上的水滴一样。若问:「[风]怎能把那么大的水聚凝聚成团呢?」——由于给予空隙。因为那[水]在一一处给它(风)空隙。那[水]如是被风聚拢、被凝聚、消减,渐渐往下降落。随着水一层层降下,在梵天界之处出现梵天界,在上方四欲界天界之处出现诸天界。

406. Atha dīghassa addhuno accayena mahāmegho uṭṭhahitvā paṭhamaṃ sukhumaṃ sukhumaṃ vassati. Anupubbena kumudanāḷayaṭṭhimusalatālakkhandhādippamāṇāhi dhārāhi vassanto koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu sabbaṃ daḍḍhaṭṭhānaṃ pūretvā antaradhāyati. Taṃ udakaṃ heṭṭhā ca tiriyañca vāto samuṭṭhahitvā ghanaṃ karoti parivaṭumaṃ paduminipatte udakabindusadisaṃ. Kathaṃ tāva mahantaṃ udakarāsiṃ ghanaṃ karotīti ce? Vivarasampadānato. Tañhissa tamhi tamhi vivaraṃ deti. Taṃ evaṃ vātena sampiṇḍiyamānaṃ ghanaṃ kariyamānaṃ parikkhayamānaṃ anupubbena heṭṭhā otarati. Otiṇṇe otiṇṇe udake brahmalokaṭṭhāne brahmalokā, upari catukāmāvacaradevalokaṭṭhāne ca devalokā pātubhavanti.
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而当[水]降到先前大地之处时,便生起强风。它们使那水不得透气而将它堵住,犹如出口被堵住的滤水器中停住的水。甜水在消减时,在上面生起地味(rasapathavī)。它色具足,香具足、味也具足,犹如无水的乳粥上面的一层膜。

Purimapathaviṭṭhānaṃ otiṇṇe pana balavavātā uppajjanti. Te taṃ pihitadvāre dhamakaraṇe ṭhitaudakamiva nirassāsaṃ katvā rundhanti. Madhurodakaṃ parikkhayaṃ gacchamānaṃ upari rasapathaviṃ samuṭṭhāpeti. Sā vaṇṇasampannā ceva hoti gandharasasampannā ca nirudakapāyāsassa upari paṭalaṃ viya.
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那时,在光音梵天界中较早生起的众生,由于寿命尽或福报尽,从那里死没而投生于此。他们自身发光、飞行于空中。他们依《起世因本经》(《长部》3.119)所说的方式尝了那地味,为渴爱所征服,便着手把它掰成块来食用。于是他们的自身光明隐没,成为黑暗。他们见到黑暗便害怕起来。

Tadā ca ābhassarabrahmaloke paṭhamatarābhinibbattā sattā āyukkhayā vā puññakkhayā vā tato cavitvā idhūpapajjanti. Te honti sayaṃpabhā antalikkhacarā. Te aggaññasutte (dī. ni. 3.119) vuttanayena taṃ rasapathaviṃ sāyitvā taṇhābhibhūtā āluppakārakaṃ paribhuñjituṃ upakkamanti. Atha nesaṃ sayaṃpabhā antaradhāyati, andhakāro hoti. Te andhakāraṃ disvā bhāyanti.
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于是,为他们消除怖畏、生起勇气(sūrabhāva)的、足足五十由旬的日轮出现了。他们见了它,[说]「我们得到光明了」,欢喜满意,[说]:「它为我们这些害怕的人消除怖畏、生起勇气而升起,所以就叫它『日(sūriya)』吧」,便给它取名为「日」。

Tato nesaṃ bhayaṃ nāsetvā sūrabhāvaṃ janayantaṃ paripuṇṇapaṇṇāsayojanaṃ sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ pātubhavati, te taṃ disvā ‘‘ālokaṃ paṭilabhimhā’’ti haṭṭhatuṭṭhā hutvā ‘‘amhākaṃ bhītānaṃ bhayaṃ nāsetvā sūrabhāvaṃ janayanto uṭṭhito, tasmā ‘‘sūriyo hotū’’ti sūriyotvevassa nāmaṃ karonti.
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后来,当日照明了白天而落下时,他们又害怕起来:「连我们所得到的那光明也失去了。」他们这样想:「如果我们能得到别的光明,那该多好啊!」犹如知道了他们的心一般,四十九由旬的月轮出现了。他们见了它,更加欢喜满意,[说]:「它犹如知道了我们的意愿(chanda)而升起,所以就叫它『月(canda)』吧」,便给它取名为「月」。如是月与日出现之后,星宿星象出现了。

Atha sūriye divasaṃ ālokaṃ katvā atthaṅgate yampi ālokaṃ labhimhā, sopi no naṭṭhoti puna bhītā honti. Tesaṃ evaṃ hoti ‘‘sādhu vatassa sace aññaṃ ālokaṃ labheyyāmā’’ti. Tesaṃ cittaṃ ñatvā viya ekūnapaṇṇāsayojanaṃ candamaṇḍalaṃ pātubhavati. Te taṃ disvā bhiyyoso mattāya haṭṭhatuṭṭhā hutvā ‘‘amhākaṃ chandaṃ ñatvā viya uṭṭhito, tasmā cando hotū’’ti candotvevassa nāmaṃ karonti. Evaṃ candimasūriyesu pātubhūtesu nakkhattāni tārakarūpāni pātubhavanti.
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从那时起,昼与夜显现了,又依次[显现了]月与半月、季与年。而就在月与日出现的那一天,须弥山、轮围山、雪山诸山出现了。而它们不先不后,正在颇求那[月]的满月之日出现。如何[出现]呢?譬如煮粟饭时,一下子冒起许多气泡:有些地方隆起成一个个小丘,有些地方凹陷,有些地方平坦。同样,在隆起之处成为山,在凹陷之处成为海,在平坦之处成为洲。

Tato pabhuti rattindivā paññāyanti, anukkamena ca māsaddhamāsautusaṃvaccharā. Candimasūriyānaṃ pana pātubhūtadivaseyeva sinerucakkavāḷahimavantapabbatā pātubhavanti. Te ca kho apubbaṃ acarimaṃ phagguṇapuṇṇamadivaseyeva pātubhavanti. Kathaṃ? Yathā nāma kaṅgubhatte paccamāne ekappahāreneva pupphuḷakāni uṭṭhahanti. Eke padesā thūpathūpā honti, eke ninnaninnā, eke samasamā. Evamevaṃ thūpathūpaṭṭhāne pabbatā honti, ninnaninnaṭṭhāne samuddā, samasamaṭṭhāne dīpāti.
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然后,那些众生食用地味,渐渐有些容色美好,有些容色丑陋。其中容色美好者轻蔑容色丑陋者。由于他们的过慢之缘,那地味也隐没了,地饼(bhūmipappaṭaka)出现了。然后依同样的方式,那[地饼]也隐没了,蔓藤(padālatā)出现了。依同样的方式,那[蔓藤]也隐没了,不耕而熟的粳米(akaṭṭhapāka sāli)出现了:无糠、无壳、洁净、芳香、以米粒为果。

Atha tesaṃ sattānaṃ rasapathaviṃ paribhuñjantānaṃ kamena ekacce vaṇṇavanto, ekacce dubbaṇṇā honti. Tattha vaṇṇavanto dubbaṇṇe atimaññanti. Tesaṃ atimānapaccayā sāpi rasapathavī antaradhāyati. Bhūmipappaṭako pātubhavati. Atha nesaṃ teneva nayena sopi antaradhāyati. Padālatā pātubhavati. Teneva nayena sāpi antaradhāyati. Akaṭṭhapāko sāli pātubhavati akaṇo athuso suddho sugandho taṇḍulapphalo.
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此后,他们有器皿出现。他们把粳米放在器皿中,放在石面上,火焰自行升起把它煮熟。那饭如素馨花一般,无须用汤或菜肴[调配];他们想吃哪一种味,它便是那一种味。他们自从食用那粗的食物之时起,便生起了尿与粪。于是为了它的排出,他们身上裂开了疮口,男人显现出男性,女人也显现出女性。

Tato nesaṃ bhājanāni uppajjanti. Te sāliṃ bhājane ṭhapetvā pāsāṇapiṭṭhiyā ṭhapenti, sayameva jālasikhā uṭṭhahitvā taṃ pacati. So hoti odano sumanajātipupphasadiso, na tassa sūpena vā byañjanena vā karaṇīyaṃ atthi. Yaṃ yaṃ rasaṃ bhuñjitukāmā honti, taṃ taṃ rasova hoti. Tesaṃ taṃ oḷārikaṃ āhāraṃ āharayataṃ tato pabhuti muttakarīsaṃ sañjāyati. Atha nesaṃ tassa nikkhamanatthāya vaṇamukhāni pabhijjanti, purisassa purisabhāvo, itthiyāpi itthibhāvo pātubhavati.
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在那里,女人过度地凝视男人,男人也[过度地凝视]女人。由于他们过度凝视之缘,欲的热恼生起。从此他们行淫欲法。他们因行非正法之缘,受智者们呵责、恼害,为了遮蔽那非正法而建造房舍。他们住在房舍中,渐渐随学某个生性懒惰的众生的所见而作储积。从那时起,糠与壳都裹住了米粒,割过的地方也不再长回。

Tatra sudaṃ itthī purisaṃ, puriso ca itthiṃ ativelaṃ upanijjhāyati. Tesaṃ ativelaṃ upanijjhāyanapaccayā kāmapariḷāho uppajjati. Tato methunadhammaṃ paṭisevanti. Te asaddhammapaṭisevanapaccayā viññūhi garahiyamānā viheṭhiyamānā tassa asaddhammassa paṭicchādanahetu agārāni karonti. Te agāraṃ ajjhāvasamānā anukkamena aññatarassa alasajātikassa sattassa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjantā sannidhiṃ karonti. Tato pabhuti kaṇopi thusopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhati, lāyitaṭṭhānampi na paṭivirūhati.
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他们集会而哀叹:「诸位,恶法确实已在众生中出现了!因为我们从前是由意所生的」——应依《起世因本经》(《长部》3.128)所说的方式详说。此后他们划定田界。然后有某个众生取了他人未给的份。他们两次斥责他,第三次以手、土块、杖打他。如是,当不与取、呵责、虚妄语、执杖生起时,他们集会而思量:「我们何不共举一位众生,让他为我们正当地对应当非难者非难,对应当呵责者呵责,对应当驱摈者驱摈;而我们把粳米的一份分给他。」

Te sannipatitvā anutthunanti ‘‘pāpakā vata bho dhammā sattesu pātubhūtā, mayaṃ hi pubbe manomayā ahumhā’’ti aggaññasutte (dī. ni. 3.128) vuttanayena vitthāretabbaṃ. Tato mariyādaṃ ṭhapenti. Atha aññataro satto aññassa bhāgaṃ adinnaṃ ādiyati. Taṃ dvikkhattuṃ paribhāsetvā tatiyavāre pāṇileṭṭudaṇḍehi paharanti. Te evaṃ adinnādānagarahamusāvādadaṇḍādānesu uppannesu sannipatitvā cintayanti ‘‘yaṃnūna mayaṃ ekaṃ sattaṃ sammanneyyāma, yo no sammā khīyitabbaṃ khīyeyya, garahitabbaṃ garaheyya, pabbājetabbaṃ pabbājeyya, mayaṃ panassa sālīnaṃ bhāgaṃ anuppadassāmā’’ti.
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当众生作了如是决定时,暂就这一劫而言,正是这位世尊,当时身为菩萨,在那些众生中容貌较端正、较可观、较有威势,具足智慧,有能力施行惩处与扶持。他们前往他那里,恳请之后共举了[他]。他因被那大众所共许(sammata),故为「大三摩多(Mahāsammata)」;因是诸田之主,故为「刹帝利」;因以法、以公平令他人欢悦,故为「王」——以这三个名称为人所知。因为世间凡有稀有之处,菩萨正是那里的最初之人;如是以菩萨为首,刹帝利众安立之后,婆罗门等诸种姓也次第安立了。

Evaṃ katasanniṭṭhānesu pana sattesu imasmiṃ tāva kappe ayameva bhagavā bodhisattabhūto tena samayena tesu sattesu abhirūpataro ca dassanīyataro ca mahesakkhataro ca buddhisampanno paṭibalo niggahapaggahaṃ kātuṃ. Te taṃ upasaṅkamitvā yācitvā sammanniṃsu. So tena mahājanena sammatoti mahāsammato, khettānaṃ adhipatīti khattiyo, dhammena samena pare rañjetīti rājāti tīhi nāmehi paññāyittha. Yañhi loke acchariyaṭṭhānaṃ, bodhisattova tattha ādipurisoti evaṃ bodhisattaṃ ādiṃ katvā khattiyamaṇḍale saṇṭhite anupubbena brāhmaṇādayopi vaṇṇā saṇṭhahiṃsu.
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此中,从毁灭劫的大云直到火焰断绝,这一个阿僧祇称为「坏」。

Tattha kappavināsakamahāmeghato yāva jālupacchedo, idamekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ saṃvaṭṭoti vuccati.
缅 2.50已对照

从毁灭劫的火焰断绝,直到充满十万俱胝轮围界的圆满大云,这第二个阿僧祇称为「坏住」。

Kappavināsakajālupacchedato yāva koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷaparipūrako sampattimahāmegho, idaṃ dutiyaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyīti vuccati.
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从圆满大云直到月与日的出现,这第三个阿僧祇称为「成」。

Sampattimahāmeghato yāva candimasūriyapātubhāvo, idaṃ tatiyaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ vivaṭṭoti vuccati.
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从月与日的出现直到毁灭劫的大云再起,这第四个阿僧祇称为「成住」。这四个阿僧祇成为一大劫。如是,应知这暂且是由火的毁灭与安立。

Candimasūriyapātubhāvato yāva puna kappavināsakamahāmegho, idaṃ catutthaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyīti vuccati. Imāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni eko mahākappo hoti. Evaṃ tāva agginā vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.
407已对照

四百零七、而在劫由水毁灭之时,应依前面所说的方式,从「起初,毁灭劫的大云升起」[起]详说。但这是差别:如彼处[出现]第二个太阳,此处则有毁灭劫的碱水大云升起。它起初下着极细的雨,渐渐以大雨柱充满十万俱胝轮围界而降下。凡被碱水触及的地、山等都溶解了,水在四周为诸风所支持。水从地[起]直到第二禅地都吞没了。在那里使三个梵天界也溶解之后,触及遍净[天]而止住。只要还有微尘许的行类存在,它便不平息;而在制服了一切为水所及的行类之后,便骤然平息,归于消失。「上方的虚空与下方的虚空合而为一,是一片大黑暗」——一切都与所说的相同。唯此处,世间是以光音梵天界为首而出现的。众生从遍净[天]死没,生于光音[天]之处等。

407. Yasmiṃ pana samaye kappo udakena nassati, āditova kappavināsakamahāmegho uṭṭhahitvāti pubbe vuttanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ. Ayaṃ pana viseso, yathā tattha dutiyasūriyo, evamidha kappavināsako khārudakamahāmegho vuṭṭhāti. So ādito sukhumaṃ sukhumaṃ vassanto anukkamena mahādhārāhi koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷānaṃ pūrento vassati. Khārudakena phuṭṭhaphuṭṭhā pathavīpabbatādayo vilīyanti, udakaṃ samantato vātehi dhāriyati. Pathavito yāva dutiyajjhānabhūmiṃ udakaṃ gaṇhāti. Tattha tayopi brahmaloke vilīyāpetvā subhakiṇhe āhacca tiṭṭhati. Taṃ yāva aṇumattampi saṅkhāragataṃ atthi, tāva na vūpasammati. Udakānugataṃ pana sabbasaṅkhāragataṃ abhibhavitvā sahasā vūpasammati antaradhānaṃ gacchati. Heṭṭhāākāsena saha upariākāso eko hoti mahandhakāroti sabbaṃ vuttasadisaṃ. Kevalaṃ panidha ābhassarabrahmalokaṃ ādiṃ katvā loko pātubhavati. Subhakiṇhato ca cavitvā ābhassaraṭṭhānādīsu sattā nibbattanti.
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此中,从毁灭劫的大云直到毁灭劫之水的断绝,这是一个阿僧祇。从水的断绝直到圆满大云,这是第二个阿僧祇。从圆满大云……乃至……这四个阿僧祇成为一大劫。如是,应知由水的毁灭与安立。

Tattha kappavināsakamahāmeghato yāva kappavināsakudakūpacchedo, idamekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ. Udakūpacchedato yāva sampattimahāmegho, idaṃ dutiyaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ. Sampattimahāmeghato…pe… imāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni eko mahākappo hoti. Evaṃ udakena vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.
408缅 2.51已对照

四百零八、当劫由风毁灭之时,应依前面所说的方式,从「起初,毁灭劫的大云升起」[起]详说。但这是差别:如彼处[出现]第二个太阳,此处则为毁灭劫而有风生起。它起初扬起粗尘;然后[扬起]细尘、细沙、粗沙、砾石与岩石等,直到扬起尖顶屋大小的岩石,以及长在不平之处的大树。它们从地上升入空中,不再落下,就在那里碎为微尘,归于不存在。

408. Yasmiṃ samaye kappo vātena vinassati, āditova kappavināsakamahāmegho uṭṭhahitvāti pubbe vuttanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ. Ayaṃ pana viseso, yathā tattha dutiyasūriyo, evamidha kappavināsanatthaṃ vāto samuṭṭhāti. So paṭhamaṃ thūlarajaṃ uṭṭhāpeti. Tato saṇharajaṃ sukhumavālikaṃ thūlavālikaṃ sakkharapāsāṇādayoti yāva kūṭāgāramatte pāsāṇe visamaṭṭhāne ṭhitamahārukkhe ca uṭṭhāpeti. Te pathavito nabhamuggatā na ca puna patanti. Tattheva cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā abhāvaṃ gacchanti.
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然后风渐次从大地下方生起,把大地翻转,使其根部朝上,抛向空中。百由旬大的地块,以及二百、三百、四百、五百由旬大的[地块],也都破裂,被风势抛起,就在空中碎为微尘,归于不存在。风把轮围山与须弥山也卷起,抛向空中。它们彼此相撞,碎为微尘而毁灭。依这同样的方便,[风]毁灭地居的宫殿与空居的宫殿,毁灭了六欲天界之后,毁灭十万俱胝轮围界。在那里,轮围山与轮围山、雪山与雪山、须弥山与须弥山彼此相会,碎为微尘而毁灭。风从地[起]直到第三禅地都吞没了。在那里毁灭了三个梵天界之后,触及广果[天]而止住。如是毁灭了一切行类之后,它自己也毁灭。「上方的虚空与下方的虚空合而为一,是一片大黑暗」——一切都与所说的相同。而此处,世间是以遍净梵天界为首而出现的。众生从广果[天]死没,生于遍净[天]之处等。

Athānukkamena heṭṭhā mahāpathaviyā vāto samuṭṭhahitvā pathaviṃ parivattetvā uddhaṃmūlaṃ katvā ākāse khipati. Yojanasatappamāṇāpi pathavippadesā dviyojanatiyojanacatuyojanapañcayojanasatappamāṇāpi bhijjitvā vātavegena khittā ākāseyeva cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā abhāvaṃ gacchanti. Cakkavāḷapabbatampi sinerupabbatampi vāto ukkhipitvā ākāse khipati. Te aññamaññaṃ abhihantvā cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā vinassanti. Eteneva upāyena bhummaṭṭhakavimānāni ca ākāsaṭṭhakavimānāni ca vināsento chakāmāvacaradevaloke vināsetvā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷāni vināseti. Tattha cakkavāḷā cakkavāḷehi himavantā himavantehi sinerū sinerūhi aññamaññaṃ samāgantvā cuṇṇavicuṇṇā hutvā vinassanti. Pathavito yāva tatiyajjhānabhūmiṃ vāto gaṇhāti. Tattha tayopi brahmaloke vināsetvā vehapphalaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati. Evaṃ sabbasaṅkhāragataṃ vināsetvā sayampi vinassati. Heṭṭhāākāsena saha upariākāso eko hoti mahandhakāroti sabbaṃ vuttasadisaṃ. Idha pana subhakiṇhabrahmalokaṃ ādiṃ katvā loko pātubhavati. Vehapphalato ca cavitvā subhakiṇhaṭṭhānādīsu sattā nibbattanti.
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此中,从毁灭劫的大云直到毁灭劫之风的断绝,这是一个阿僧祇。从风的断绝直到圆满大云,这是第二个阿僧祇……乃至……这四个阿僧祇成为一大劫。如是,应知由风的毁灭与安立。

Tattha kappavināsakamahāmeghato yāva kappavināsakavātūpacchedo, idamekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ. Vātūpacchedato yāva sampattimahāmegho, idaṃ dutiyaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ…pe… imāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni eko mahākappo hoti. Evaṃ vātena vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca veditabbaṃ.
409缅 2.52已对照

四百零九、世间为什么这样毁灭呢?以不善根为因。因为当诸不善根炽盛时,世间便这样毁灭。而当贪更炽盛时,由火毁灭;当瞋更炽盛时,由水毁灭。然而某些[师]说:瞋更炽盛时由火,贪更炽盛时由水。当痴更炽盛时,由风毁灭。而即使如是毁灭,[也是]接连七次由火毁灭,第八次由水;再七次由火,第八次由水——如是每到第八次由水毁灭,由水毁灭了七次之后,再七次由火毁灭。到这时,已经过了六十三劫。在这期间,得了机会的风排开那已轮到的由水毁灭之次,摧毁寿量满六十四劫的遍净[天],而毁灭世间。

409. Kiṃkāraṇā evaṃ loko vinassati? Akusalamūlakāraṇā. Akusalamūlesu hi ussannesu evaṃ loko vinassati. So ca kho rāge ussannatare agginā vinassati. Dose ussannatare udakena vinassati. Keci pana dose ussannatare agginā. Rāge ussannatare udakenāti vadanti. Mohe ussannatare vātena vinassati. Evaṃ vinassantopi ca nirantarameva sattavāre agginā vinassati. Aṭṭhame vāre udakena. Puna sattavāre agginā. Aṭṭhame vāre udakenāti evaṃ aṭṭhame aṭṭhame vāre vinassanto sattakkhattuṃ udakena vinassitvā puna sattavāre agginā nassati. Ettāvatā tesaṭṭhi kappā atītā honti. Etthantare udakena nassanavāraṃ sampattampi paṭibāhitvā laddhokāso vāto paripuṇṇacatusaṭṭhikappāyuke subhakiṇhe viddhaṃsento lokaṃ vināseti.
410已对照

四百一十、而随念宿住的、能随念劫的比丘,在这些劫中随念许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多坏成劫。如何[随念]呢?依「我在那里」等(《长部》1.244)的方式。

410. Pubbenivāsaṃ anussarantopi ca kappānussaraṇako bhikkhu etesu kappesu anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe anussarati. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Amutrāsi’’ntiādinā (dī. ni. 1.244) nayena.
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此中,「我在那里(amutrāsiṃ)」者:即在那个坏劫中,我曾在那个有、或生、或趣、或识住、或众生居、或众生类中。「有如此的名字(evaṃnāmo)」者:即[名为]帝须或弗沙。「如此的种姓(evaṃgotto)」者:即迦旃延或迦叶。这是依他随念自己在过去有中的名与种姓而说的。但若他想随念自己在那时的容色成就,或生活的粗劣与精妙,或苦乐的多寡,或短寿与长寿,他也能随念那[些]。所以[世尊]说:「如此的容貌……乃至……有如此的寿量」。

Tattha amutrāsinti amumhi saṃvaṭṭakappe ahaṃ amumhi bhave vā yoniyā vā gatiyā vā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā vā sattāvāse vā sattanikāye vā āsiṃ. Evaṃnāmoti tisso vā phusso vā. Evaṃgottoti kaccāno vā kassapo vā. Idamassa atītabhave attano nāmagottānussaraṇavasena vuttaṃ. Sace pana tasmiṃ kāle attano vaṇṇasampattiṃ vā lūkhapaṇītajīvikabhāvaṃ vā sukhadukkhabahulataṃ vā appāyukadīghāyukabhāvaṃ vā anussaritukāmo hoti, tampi anussaratiyeva. Tenāha ‘‘evaṃvaṇṇo…pe… evamāyupariyanto’’ti.
缅 2.53已对照

此中,「如此的容貌(evaṃvaṇṇo)」者:即白皙的或黝黑的。「如此的食物(evamāhāro)」者:即以粳米肉饭为食,或以掉落的果实为食。「经历如此的苦乐(evaṃsukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī)」者:即以多种方式经历身的与心的、或有食与无食等差别的乐与苦。「有如此的寿量(evamāyupariyanto)」者:即如是以一百年为寿量,或以八百四十万劫为寿量。「从那里死后,投生到那里(so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ)」者:即那个我从那有、生、趣、识住、众生居或众生类死后,又投生到名为某某的有、生、趣、识住、众生居或众生类中。「在那里又有(tatrāpāsiṃ)」者:即然后在那有、生、趣、识住、众生居或众生类中,我又曾存在。「有如此的名字」等,正是所说的方式。

Tattha evaṃvaṇṇoti odāto vā sāmo vā. Evamāhāroti sālimaṃsodanāhāro vā pavattaphalabhojano vā. Evaṃ sukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedīti anekappakārena kāyikacetasikānaṃ sāmisanirāmisādippabhedānaṃ vā sukhadukkhānaṃ paṭisaṃvedī. Evamāyupariyantoti evaṃ vassasataparimāṇāyupariyanto vā caturāsītikappasatasahassāyupariyanto vā. So tato cuto amutra udapādinti sohaṃ tato bhavato yonito gatito viññāṇaṭṭhitito sattāvāsato sattanikāyato vā cuto puna amukasmiṃ nāma bhave yoniyā gatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā sattāvāse sattanikāye vā udapādiṃ. Tatrāpāsinti atha tatrāpi bhave yoniyā gatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā sattāvāse sattanikāye vā puna ahosiṃ. Evaṃnāmotiādi vuttanayameva.
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此外,因为「我在那里」这是依次第向上追溯者随其所欲的随念;「从那里死后」是回返者的省察;所以应知「投生到那里」这一[语],是就紧接在这一「投生到这里(idhūpapanno)」的投生之前的投生处而说的。而「在那里又有」等[语],是为显示他随念在紧接这一投生之前的那投生处中的名与种姓等而说的。「从那里死后,投生到这里(so tato cuto idhūpapanno)」者:即那个我从那紧接的投生处死后,生于此处名为某某的刹帝利家或婆罗门家中。「如此(iti)」者:即这样。「具有行相、具有细节(sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ)」者:依名与种姓而为具有细节,依容色等而为具有行相。因为众生是以名与种姓而被标举(uddisīyati)为「帝须」「迦叶」;以容色等,则以「黝黑」「白皙」而依差异被了知。所以名与种姓是细节(uddesa),其余是行相(ākāra)。「回忆起许多种宿住」这[语],其义正是明白的。

Apica yasmā amutrāsinti idaṃ anupubbena ārohantassa yāvadicchakaṃ anussaraṇaṃ. So tato cutoti paṭinivattantassa paccavekkhaṇaṃ, tasmā ‘‘idhūpapanno’’ti imissā idhūpapattiyā anantaramevassa upapattiṭṭhānaṃ sandhāya ‘‘amutra udapādi’’nti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Tatrāpāsinti evamādi panassa tatra imissā upapattiyā anantare upapattiṭṭhāne nāmagottādīnaṃ anussaraṇadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. So tato cuto idhūpapannoti svāhaṃ tato anantarūpapattiṭṭhānato cuto idha asukasmiṃ nāma khattiyakule vā brāhmaṇakule vā nibbattoti. Itīti evaṃ. Sākāraṃ sauddesanti nāmagottavasena sauddesaṃ, vaṇṇādivasena sākāraṃ. Nāmagottena hi satto tisso kassapoti uddisīyati. Vaṇṇādīhi sāmo odātoti nānattato paññāyati. Tasmā nāmagottaṃ uddeso, itare ākārā. Anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsamanussaratīti idaṃ uttānatthamevāti.
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宿住随念智论,终。

Pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇakathā niṭṭhitā.
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死生智论

Cutūpapātañāṇakathā
411缅 2.54已对照

四百一十一、在众生死生智之论中,「于死生智(cutūpapātañāṇāya)」(《长部》1.247)者:即为了于死与投生之际的智。是说:为了那以之而知众生之死与投生的智,[即]为了天眼智。「引导心、使心转向(cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti)」者:即既引导遍作心,又使[它]转向。「他(so)」者:即那已作了心之引导的比丘。而在「以天(dibbena)」等[语]中:由于与天[眼]相似,故为「天」。因为诸天有由善行之业所生、不为胆汁、痰、血等所障碍、由于脱离了染污而能领受远处所缘的天的净色眼;而这由精进修习之力所生的智眼,也正是那样的,所以由于与天[眼]相似,故为「天」。由于依天住而获得、自身也依止于天住,也为「天」。由于以光明的摄持而有大光辉,也为「天」。由于见墙外等处之色而有大行运,也为「天」。这一切都应正依随声论而知。

依见之义为「眼」。由于作眼的作用、犹如眼,也为「眼」。由于见死与投生而为见清净之因,故为「清净」。因为凡只见死而不见投生的,他执取断见;凡只见投生而不见死的,他执取「新众生出现」之见。而凡见那两者的,由于他超越了那两种见执,所以他的那见便是见清净之因。而佛子们是两者都见的。因此说:「由于见死与投生而为见清净之因,故为『清净』。」

由于越过人所行之处而见色,故为「超人的(atikkantamānusaka)」;或者,应知由于超越了人的肉眼,故为「超人的」。[即]以那清净、超人的天眼。「看见众生(satte passati)」者:即如人们以肉眼一般观看众生。

「死亡与投生(cavamāne upapajjamāne)」——此中,在死刹那或投生刹那,是不能以天眼看见的。而那些死期已近、如今将死的,他们[被意指为]「正在死亡的」;那些已取结生、刚刚生出的,他们被意指为「正在投生的」。[以此]显示:他看见这样的正在死亡者与正在投生者。

「低贱(hīne)」者:即由于与痴的等流相应,依低贱的出身、家族、财富等而被轻视、被藐视、被蔑视、被轻贱的。「高贵(paṇīte)」者:即由于与无痴的等流相应,[而处于]与那相反的。「美丽(suvaṇṇe)」者:即由于与无瞋的等流相应,具有可爱、可乐、可意之色的。「丑陋(dubbaṇṇe)」者:即由于与瞋的等流相应,具有不可爱、不可乐、不可意之色的;不端正的、难看的,也是其义。「善趣(sugate)」者:即趣于善趣的;或者,由于与无贪的等流相应,[即]富裕、有大财富的。「恶趣(duggate)」者:即趣于恶趣的;或者,由于与贪的等流相应,[即]贫穷、饮食匮乏的。

「随业而去(yathākammupage)」者:即凡积集了何种业,便依那种业而去的。此中,以前面「死亡」等[语]说的是天眼的作用;而以这一语[说的]是随业趣智的作用。而那智的生起次第是这样的:在此,比丘向下朝着地狱扩展光明之后,看见地狱众生正在感受大苦。那见唯是天眼的作用。他这样作意:「这些众生究竟造了什么业,而感受这苦呢?」于是他生起以那业为所缘的智:「造了这样的[业]。」同样,向上朝着天界扩展光明之后,看见在欢喜园、杂林园、粗涩园等处的众生正在享受大成就。那见也唯是天眼的作用。他这样作意:「这些众生究竟造了什么业,而享受这成就呢?」于是他生起以那业为所缘的智:「造了这样的[业]。」这名为随业趣智。这[智]没有另外的所谓遍作;如这[智]一般,未来分智也是如此。因为这些[智]唯以天眼为基础,与天眼一同成就。

在「以身恶行(kāyaduccaritena)」等[语]中:「行得恶」,或由于烦恼而腐坏故为「恶劣的行」,故为「恶行(duccarita)」。以身而行的恶行,或从身而生起的恶行,[即]「身恶行」;其余[二者]亦同此理。「具足(samannāgatā)」者:即成为具有者。「诽谤圣者(ariyānaṃ upavādakā)」者:即对佛、独觉佛、弟子诸圣者,甚至对在家的须陀洹,怀着不利[他们]之欲,以最极之事(antimavatthu)或以毁损功德而诽谤、辱骂、呵责者——是所说的意思。此中,说「这些人没有沙门法,他们不是沙门」者,是以最极之事而诽谤;说「这些人没有禅那,或解脱,或道,或果」等者,应知是依毁损功德而诽谤。而他无论是知而诽谤,或不知而诽谤,两种情形都正是诽谤圣者。[这是]沉重之业,与无间[业]相似,既障天界又障道,然而是可救治的。为显明这一点,应知这则故事。

相传,在某村中,一位长老与一位年少比丘在乞食。他们就在第一家得到了一勺之量的热粥。而长老正为腹风所苦。他想:「这粥对我是适宜的;趁它还没凉,我就喝了它。」他坐在人们为作门槛而搬来的木块上喝了。另一位厌恶他,说:「这老人被饥饿所压倒,做了令我们羞耻的事。」长老在村中乞食之后,回到寺里,对年少比丘说:「贤友,你在这教法中有立足之处吗?」「是的,尊者,我是须陀洹。」「那么,贤友,你不要为了上位之道而努力了。你诽谤了漏尽者。」他请长老原谅。因此,他的那业恢复了原状。

所以,凡其他人诽谤了圣者,他应前去;若自己较年长,应蹲坐,[说]「我对具寿说了这样那样的话,请原谅我」,而请求原谅。若较年少,应礼敬之后蹲坐,合掌,[说]「尊者,我对您说了这样那样的话,请您原谅」,而请求原谅。若[那圣者]已往他方离去,应亲自前往,或派共住弟子等前往,而请求原谅。

而若既不能前往,也不能派[人],应到住在那寺中的比丘们那里:若他们较年少,便蹲坐;若较年长,便依对年长者所说的方式而行;说「尊者,我对名为某某的具寿说了这样那样的话,愿那位具寿原谅我」,而请求原谅。即使[那圣者]当面不原谅,也应作这同样的事。

若[那圣者]是独行的比丘,他的住处与去处都不得而知,应到一位贤智比丘那里,说:「尊者,我对名为某某的具寿说了这样那样的话,我忆念那[事]时生起悔恨,我该怎么做?」他会说:「您不要忧虑,长老原谅您了,请让心平静。」他也应面向圣者所去的方向合掌,说「愿[他]原谅」。若那[圣者]已般涅槃,应到他般涅槃时卧床之处,甚至到墓地去,请求原谅。如是作了,便既不障天界,也不障道,正恢复原状。

「持邪见(micchādiṭṭhikā)」者:即有颠倒之见的。「受持邪见之业(micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā)」者:即依邪见而受持了种种业的,以及那些也劝导他人[受持]以邪见为根本的身业等的。而此中应知:虽然以取「语恶行」已摄了诽谤圣者,以取「意恶行」已摄了邪见,再说这两者,是为显示[它们]是大罪。因为诽谤圣者是大罪,由于与无间[业]相似。这也已被说过:「舍利弗,犹如具戒、具定、具慧的比丘能就在现法中证得究竟智——舍利弗,我说这[事]也是同样的确定:[他]不舍那[言]语、不舍那心[念]、不舍离那见,便如被取来放下[一般],就这样[堕]在地狱中。」(《中部》1.149)而没有其他比邪见更是大罪的。即如所说:「诸比丘,我不见有其他任何一法,像邪见这样是大罪的。诸比丘,诸罪以邪见为最。」(《增支部》1.310)

「身坏(kāyassa bhedā)」者:即由于舍弃执受的诸蕴。「命终之后(paraṃ maraṇā)」者:即紧接其后取得新生诸蕴之时。或者,「身坏」者:即由于命根的断绝;「命终之后」者:即死心之后。「苦界(apāyaṃ)」等,一切都唯是地狱的同义语。

因为地狱由于远离了作为天界与解脱之因、被认作福的「益(aya)」,或由于没有诸乐的来源(āya),故为「苦界(apāya)」。苦的趣、[即苦的]归趣,故为「恶趣(duggati)」;或者,由瞋多之故,由恶劣之业所生的趣,故为「恶趣」。作恶者不由自主地堕落于此,故为「堕处(vinipāta)」;或者,[他们]在此大小肢节碎裂、毁灭而堕落,故也为「堕处」。此中没有被称为乐味的「益(aya)」,故为「地狱(niraya)」。

或者,以取「苦界」[一语]显明畜生胎。因为畜生胎由于远离善趣,是苦界;[但]不是恶趣,由于[其中]有威势广大的龙王等出生。以取「恶趣」[一语显明]饿鬼界。因为它既是苦界又是恶趣,由于远离善趣,又由于是苦之趣;但不是堕处,由于不像[饿鬼类的]阿修罗那样堕落。以取「堕处」[一语显明]阿修罗众。因为它依所说之义既是苦界又是恶趣,并且由于从一切荣盛中堕落,而称为「堕处」。以取「地狱」[一语显明]阿鼻等多种的地狱本身。「投生(upapannā)」者:即去到,在那里出生——是意趣。白分应依所说的相反而知。

然而这是区别:此中,以取「善趣」[一语],人趣也被摄;以取「天界」[一语],唯[摄]天趣。此中,美好的趣,故为「善趣(sugati)」。以色等诸境而极为最上,故为「天界(sagga)」。那一切都依破坏、离散之义而为「世间(loka)」——这是语义。

「如此,以天眼(iti dibbena cakkhunā)」等,一切都是结语。「如是以天眼……乃至……看见」——这是此中的略义。

411. Sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇakathāya cutūpapātañāṇāyāti (dī. ni. 1.247) cutiyā ca upapāte ca ñāṇāya. Yena ñāṇena sattānaṃ cuti ca upapāto ca ñāyati, tadatthaṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇatthanti vuttaṃ hoti. Cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmetīti parikammacittaṃ abhinīharati ceva abhininnāmeti ca. Soti so katacittābhinīhāro bhikkhu. Dibbenātiādīsu pana dibbasadisattā dibbaṃ. Devatānañhi sucaritakammanibbattaṃ pittasemharuhirādīhi apalibuddhaṃ upakkilesavimuttatāya dūrepi ārammaṇaṃ sampaṭicchanasamatthaṃ dibbaṃ pasādacakkhu hoti. Idañcāpi vīriyabhāvanābalanibbattaṃ ñāṇacakkhu tādisamevāti dibbasadisattā dibbaṃ. Dibbavihāravasena paṭiladdhattā attanā ca dibbavihārasannissitattāpi dibbaṃ. Ālokapariggahena mahājutikattāpi dibbaṃ. Tirokuṭṭādigatarūpadassanena mahāgatikattāpi dibbaṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ saddasatthānusāreneva veditabbaṃ.
Dassanaṭṭhena cakkhu. Cakkhukiccakaraṇena cakkhumivātipi cakkhu. Cutūpapātadassanena diṭṭhivisuddhihetuttā visuddhaṃ. Yo hi cutimattameva passati, na upapātaṃ. So ucchedadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti. Yo upapātamattameva passati, na cutiṃ, so navasattapātubhāvadiṭṭhiṃ gaṇhāti. Yo pana tadubhayaṃ passati, so yasmā duvidhampi taṃ diṭṭhigataṃ ativattati. Tasmāssa taṃdassanaṃ diṭṭhivisuddhihetu hoti. Ubhayampi cetaṃ buddhaputtā passanti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘cutūpapātadassanena diṭṭhivisuddhihetuttā visuddha’’nti.
Manussūpacāraṃ atikkamitvā rūpadassanena atikkantamānusakaṃ, mānusakaṃ vā maṃsacakkhuṃ atikkantattā atikkantamānusakanti veditabbaṃ. Tena dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena. Satte passatīti manussānaṃ maṃsacakkhunā viya satte oloketi.
Cavamāne upapajjamāneti ettha cutikkhaṇe upapattikkhaṇe vā dibbacakkhunā daṭṭhuṃ na sakkā. Ye pana āsannacutikā idāni cavissanti, te cavamānā. Ye ca gahitapaṭisandhikā sampatinibbattāva, te upapajjamānāti adhippetā. Te evarūpe cavamāne ca upapajjamāne ca passatīti dasseti.
Hīneti mohanissandayuttattā hīnānaṃ jātikulabhogādīnaṃ vasena hīḷite ohīḷite oññāte avaññāte. Paṇīteti amohanissandayuttattā tabbiparīte. Suvaṇṇeti adosanissandayuttattā iṭṭhakantamanāpavaṇṇayutte. Dubbaṇṇeti dosanissandayuttattā aniṭṭhākantaamanāpavaṇṇayutte. Anabhirūpe virūpetipi attho. Sugateti sugatigate. Alobhanissandayuttattā vā aḍḍhe mahaddhane. Duggateti duggatigate. Lobhanissandayuttattā vā dalidde appannapāne.
Yathākammupageti yaṃ yaṃ kammaṃ upacitaṃ, tena tena upagate. Tattha purimehi cavamānetiādīhi dibbacakkhukiccaṃ vuttaṃ. Iminā pana padena yathākammupagañāṇakiccaṃ. Tassa ca ñāṇassa ayamuppattikkamo, idha bhikkhu heṭṭhā nirayābhimukhaṃ ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nerayike satte passati mahādukkhamanubhavamāne. Taṃ dassanaṃ dibbacakkhukiccameva. So evaṃ manasikaroti ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kammaṃ katvā ime sattā etaṃ dukkhaṃ anubhavantī’’ti. Athassa idaṃ nāma katvāti taṃkammārammaṇaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Tathā uparidevalokābhimukhaṃ ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nandanavanamissakavanaphārusakavanādīsu satte passati mahāsampattiṃ anubhavamāne. Tampi dassanaṃ dibbacakkhukiccameva. So evaṃ manasikaroti ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kammaṃ katvā ime sattā etaṃ sampattiṃ anubhavantī’’ti. Athassa idaṃ nāma katvāti taṃkammārammaṇaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Idaṃ yathākammupagañāṇaṃ nāma. Imassa visuṃ parikammaṃ nāma natthi, yathā cimassa, evaṃ anāgataṃsañāṇassāpi. Dibbacakkhupādakāneva hi imāni dibbacakkhunā saheva ijjhanti.
Kāyaduccaritenātiādīsu duṭṭhu caritaṃ, duṭṭhaṃ vā caritaṃ kilesapūtikattāti duccaritaṃ. Kāyena duccaritaṃ, kāyato vā uppannaṃ duccaritanti kāyaduccaritaṃ, itaresupi eseva nayo. Samannāgatāti samaṅgībhūtā. Ariyānaṃ upavādakāti buddhapaccekabuddhasāvakānaṃ ariyānaṃ antamaso gihisotāpannānampi anatthakāmā hutvā antimavatthunā vā guṇaparidhaṃsanena vā upavādakā akkosakā garahakāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha natthi imesaṃ samaṇadhammo, assamaṇā eteti vadanto antimavatthunā upavadati. Natthi imesaṃ jhānaṃ vā vimokkho vā maggo vā phalaṃ vātiādīni vadanto guṇaparidhaṃsanavasena upavadatīti veditabbo. So ca jānaṃ vā upavadeyya ajānaṃ vā, ubhayathāpi ariyūpavādova hoti. Bhāriyaṃ kammaṃ ānantariyasadisaṃ saggāvaraṇañca maggāvaraṇañca, satekicchaṃ pana hoti. Tassa āvibhāvatthaṃ idaṃ vatthu veditabbaṃ.
Aññatarasmiṃ kira gāme eko thero ca daharabhikkhu ca piṇḍāya caranti. Te paṭhamaghareyeva uḷuṅkamattaṃ uṇhayāguṃ labhiṃsu. Therassa ca kucchivāto rujjhati. So cintesi ‘‘ayaṃ yāgu mayhaṃ sappāyā, yāva na sītalā hoti, tāva naṃ pivāmī’’ti. So manussehi ummāratthāya āhaṭe dārukhaṇḍe nisīditvā pivi. Itaro taṃ jigucchanto ‘‘atikhuddābhibhūto mahallako, amhākaṃ lajjitabbakaṃ akāsī’’ti āha. Thero gāme caritvā vihāraṃ gantvā daharabhikkhuṃ āha ‘‘atthi te, āvuso, imasmiṃ sāsane patiṭṭhā’’ti? Āma, bhante, sotāpanno ahanti. Tena hāvuso, uparimaggatthāya vāyāmaṃ mā akāsi. Khīṇāsavo tayā upavaditoti. So taṃ khamāpesi. Tenassa taṃ kammaṃ pākatikaṃ ahosi.
Tasmā yo aññopi ariyaṃ upavadati, tena gantvā sace attanā vuḍḍhataro hoti, ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā ‘‘ahaṃ āyasmantaṃ idañcidañca avacaṃ, taṃ me khamāhī’’ti khamāpetabbo. Sace navakataro hoti, vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, tumhe idañcidañca avacaṃ, taṃ me khamathā’’ti khamāpetabbo. Sace disāpakkanto hoti, sayaṃ vā gantvā saddhivihārikādike vā pesetvā khamāpetabbo.
Sace ca nāpi gantuṃ, na pesetuṃ sakkā hoti, ye tasmiṃ vihāre bhikkhū vasanti, tesaṃ santikaṃ gantvā sace navakatarā honti, ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā, sace vuḍḍhatarā, vuḍḍhe vuttanayeneva paṭipajjitvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, asukaṃ nāma āyasmantaṃ idañcidañca avacaṃ, khamatu me so āyasmā’’ti vatvā khamāpetabbaṃ. Sammukhā akhamantepi etadeva kattabbaṃ.
Sace ekacārikabhikkhu hoti, nevassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ, na gataṭṭhānaṃ paññāyati, ekassa paṇḍitassa bhikkhuno santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, asukaṃ nāma āyasmantaṃ idañcidañca avacaṃ, taṃ me anussarato vippaṭisāro hoti, kiṃ karomī’’ti vattabbaṃ. So vakkhati ‘‘tumhe mā cintayittha, thero tumhākaṃ khamati, cittaṃ vūpasamethā’’ti. Tenāpi ariyassa gatadisābhimukhena añjaliṃ paggahetvā khamatūti vattabbaṃ. Sace so parinibbuto hoti, parinibbutamañcaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā yāvasivathikaṃ gantvāpi khamāpetabbaṃ. Evaṃ kate neva saggāvaraṇaṃ, na maggāvaraṇaṃ hoti, pākatikameva hotīti.
Micchādiṭṭhikāti viparītadassanā. Micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānāti micchādiṭṭhivasena samādinnanānāvidhakammā, ye ca micchādiṭṭhimūlakesu kāyakammādīsu aññepi samādapenti. Ettha ca vacīduccaritaggahaṇeneva ariyūpavāde manoduccaritaggahaṇena ca micchādiṭṭhiyā saṅgahitāyapi imesaṃ dvinnaṃ puna vacanaṃ mahāsāvajjabhāvadassanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Mahāsāvajjo hi ariyūpavādo, ānantariyasadisattā. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi, sāriputta, bhikkhu sīlasampanno samādhisampanno paññāsampanno diṭṭheva dhamme aññaṃ ārādheyya, evaṃsampadamidaṃ, sāriputta, vadāmi taṃ vācaṃ appahāya taṃ cittaṃ appahāya taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissajjitvā yathābhataṃ nikkhitto, evaṃ niraye’’ti (ma. ni. 1.149). Micchādiṭṭhito ca mahāsāvajjataraṃ nāma aññaṃ natthi. Yathāha ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ mahāsāvajjaṃ, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhiparamāni, bhikkhave, vajjānī’’ti (a. ni. 1.310).
Kāyassa bhedāti upādiṇṇakkhandhapariccāgā. Parammaraṇāti tadanantaraṃ abhinibbattikkhandhaggahaṇe. Atha vā kāyassa bhedāti jīvitindriyassa upacchedā. Parammaraṇāti cuticittato uddhaṃ. Apāyanti evamādi sabbaṃ nirayavevacanameva.
Nirayo hi saggamokkhahetubhūtā puññasammatā ayā apetattā, sukhānaṃ vā āyassa abhāvā apāyo. Dukkhassa gati paṭisaraṇanti duggati, dosabahulatāya vā duṭṭhena kammunā nibbattā gatīti duggati. Vivasā nipatanti ettha dukkaṭakārinoti vinipāto. Vinassantā vā ettha patanti saṃbhijjamānaṅgapaccaṅgātipi vinipāto. Natthi ettha assādasaññito ayoti nirayo.
Atha vā apāyaggahaṇena tiracchānayoniṃ dīpeti. Tiracchānayoni hi apāyo sugatito apetattā, na duggati mahesakkhānaṃ nāgarājādīnaṃ sambhavato. Duggatiggahaṇena pettivisayaṃ. So hi apāyo ceva duggati ca, sugatito apetattā dukkhassa ca gatibhūtattā. Na tu vinipāto asurasadisaṃ avinipatitattā. Vinipātaggahaṇena asurakāyaṃ. So hi yathāvuttena atthena apāyo ceva duggati ca sabbasamussayehi ca vinipatitattā vinipātoti vuccati. Nirayaggahaṇena avīciādianekappakāraṃ nirayamevāti. Upapannāti upagatā, tattha abhinibbattāti adhippāyo. Vuttavipariyāyena sukkapakkho veditabbo.
Ayaṃ pana viseso, tattha sugatiggahaṇena manussagatipi saṅgayhati. Saggaggahaṇena devagatiyeva. Tattha sundarā gatīti sugati. Rūpādīhi visayehi suṭṭhu aggoti saggo. So sabbopi lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena lokoti ayaṃ vacanattho.
‘‘Iti dibbena cakkhunā’’tiādi sabbaṃ nigamanavacanaṃ. Evaṃ dibbena cakkhunā…pe… passatīti ayamettha saṅkhepattho.
412已对照

四百一十二、而想要如是看见的初学良家子,应把以遍为所缘、作为神通之基础的禅那,作成于一切方面都堪能引导之后,在「火遍、白遍、光明遍」这三遍中,把任何一种作为切近的。应作成近行禅的行境,扩展之后加以安置。意趣是:不应在那里生起安止。因为若生起[安止],便成为基础禅的依止,而非遍作的依止。而在这三[遍]中,唯光明遍更为殊胜。所以,应依遍的解说中所说的方法生起它或其余[二遍]中的任何一种之后,唯住立于近行地而扩展[它]。它的扩展之法,也应正依那里所说的方法而知。

412. Evaṃ passitukāmena pana ādikammikena kulaputtena kasiṇārammaṇaṃ abhiññāpādakajjhānaṃ sabbākārena abhinīhārakkhamaṃ katvā ‘‘tejokasiṇaṃ, odātakasiṇaṃ, ālokakasiṇa’’nti imesu tīsu kasiṇesu aññataraṃ āsannaṃ kātabbaṃ. Upacārajjhānagocaraṃ katvā vaḍḍhetvā ṭhapetabbaṃ. Na tattha appanā uppādetabbāti adhippāyo. Sace hi uppādeti, pādakajjhānanissayaṃ hoti, na parikammanissayaṃ. Imesu ca pana tīsu ālokakasiṇaṃyeva seṭṭhataraṃ. Tasmā taṃ vā itaresaṃ vā aññataraṃ kasiṇaniddese vuttanayena uppādetvā upacārabhūmiyaṃyeva ṭhatvā vaḍḍhetabbaṃ. Vaḍḍhanānayopi cassa tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbo.
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应只看已扩展之处以内的色。而当他看色时,遍作的期限便过去了。于是光明消失;它消失时,色也就看不见了。于是他应一再入基础禅,从那里出定之后,再遍满光明。如是,依次第,光明便达于坚固——以致在此,他限定「愿有光明」的多大之处,光明就正住立于那里。即使坐一整天观看,也能见色。此中,夜间以草火把行路的人是譬喻。

Vaḍḍhitaṭṭhānassa antoyeva rūpagataṃ passitabbaṃ. Rūpagataṃ passato panassa parikammassa vāro atikkamati. Tato āloko antaradhāyati. Tasmiṃ antarahite rūpagatampi na dissati. Athānena punappunaṃ pādakajjhānameva pavisitvā tato vuṭṭhāya āloko pharitabbo. Evaṃ anukkamena āloko thāmagato hotīti ettha āloko hotūti yattakaṃ ṭhānaṃ paricchindati, tattha āloko tiṭṭhatiyeva. Divasampi nisīditvā passato rūpadassanaṃ hoti. Rattiṃ tiṇukkāya maggapaṭipanno cettha puriso opammaṃ.
缅 2.59已对照

相传,有一个人夜间以草火把行路。他的那草火把熄灭了。于是[路的]平坦与不平坦对他便不显现了。他把那草火把在地上摩擦,又把草火把点燃了。它燃烧起来,发出比先前的光明更大的光明。当他这样一再把熄灭的[火把]点燃时,渐渐地太阳升起了。太阳升起时,[他想]「火把已无用处」,便把它扔掉,整天行走。此中,遍作时的遍之光明,犹如火把之光。看色时由于遍作的期限过去、光明消失而不见诸色,犹如火把熄灭时不见平坦与不平坦。一再入[基础禅],犹如摩擦火把。再作遍作时以更强的光明遍满,犹如火把发出比先前的光明更大的光明。已达坚固的光明依所限定而住立,犹如太阳升起。舍弃微小的光明,以已达坚固的光明整天见色,犹如扔掉草火把而整天行走。

Eko kira rattiṃ tiṇukkāya maggaṃ paṭipajji. Tassa sā tiṇukkā vijjhāyi. Athassa samavisamāni na paññāyiṃsu. So taṃ tiṇukkaṃ bhūmiyaṃ ghaṃsitvā tiṇukkā puna ujjālesi. Sā pajjalitvā purimālokato mahantataraṃ ālokaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ punappunaṃ vijjhātaṃ ujjālayato kamena sūriyo uṭṭhāsi. Sūriye uṭṭhite ukkāya kammaṃ natthīti taṃ chaḍḍetvā divasampi agamāsi. Tattha ukkāloko viya parikammakāle kasiṇāloko. Ukkāya vijjhātāya samavisamānaṃ adassanaṃ viya rūpagataṃ passato parikammassa vārātikkamena āloke antarahite rūpagatānaṃ adassanaṃ. Ukkāya ghaṃsanaṃ viya punappunaṃ pavesanaṃ. Ukkāya purimālokato mahantatarālokakaraṇaṃ viya puna parikammaṃ karoto balavatarālokapharaṇaṃ. Sūriyuṭṭhānaṃ viya thāmagatālokassa yathāparicchedena ṭhānaṃ. Tiṇukkaṃ chaḍḍetvā divasampi gamanaṃ viya parittālokaṃ chaḍḍetvā thāmagatenālokena divasampi rūpadassanaṃ.
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此中,当那比丘的肉眼所不及的——在腹内的、依止于心所依处的、依止于下方地面的、在墙外山外围墙外的、在他轮围界中的——这色来到智眼的所及范围,如以肉眼所见一般之时,应知那时天眼已经生起。而此中唯有它能见色,而非前分心。

Tattha yadā tassa bhikkhuno maṃsacakkhussa anāpāthagataṃ antokucchigataṃ hadayavatthunissitaṃ heṭṭhāpathavītalanissitaṃ tirokuṭṭapabbatapākāragataṃ paracakkavāḷagatanti idaṃ rūpaṃ ñāṇacakkhussa āpāthaṃ āgacchati, maṃsacakkhunā dissamānaṃ viya hoti, tadā dibbacakkhu uppannaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ. Tadeva cettha rūpadassanasamatthaṃ, na pubbabhāgacittāni.
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然而这[天眼]对凡夫是阻碍。为什么呢?因为当他于某某处决意「愿有光明」时,那某某处即使穿透大地、海洋、山岳也成为一片光明;于是他在那里看见可怖的夜叉、罗刹等形色时,便生起怖畏。由此他陷入心的散乱,成为禅那错乱者;所以于见色时应不放逸。

Taṃ panetaṃ puthujjanassa paribandho hoti. Kasmā? So hi yasmā yattha yattha āloko hotūti adhiṭṭhāti, taṃ taṃ pathavīsamuddapabbate vinivijjhitvāpi ekālokaṃ hoti, athassa tattha bhayānakāni yakkharakkhasādirūpāni passato bhayaṃ uppajjati. Yena cittavikkhepaṃ patvā jhānavibbhantako hoti, tasmā rūpadassane appamattena bhavitabbaṃ.
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此中,天眼的生起次第是这样的:以所说那样的这色为所缘,意门转向生起而灭去之后,以那同一色为所缘,生起四个或五个速行——一切都应依前面的方法而知。这里也是,前分心是有寻有伺的、欲界的;最后成就目的之心,是属第四禅的、色界的。与它俱生的智,称为「于众生死生之智」,也称为「天眼智」。

Tatrāyaṃ dibbacakkhuno uppattikkamo. Vuttappakārametaṃ rūpamārammaṇaṃ katvā manodvārāvajjane uppajjitvā niruddhe tadeva rūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā cattāri pañca vā javanāni uppajjantīti sabbaṃ purimanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Idhāpi pubbabhāgacittāni savitakkasavicārāni kāmāvacarāni. Pariyosāne atthasādhakacittaṃ catutthajjhānikaṃ rūpāvacaraṃ. Tena sahajātaṃ ñāṇaṃ sattānaṃ cutūpapāte ñāṇantipi dibbacakkhuñāṇantipi vuccatīti.
已对照

死生智论,终。

Cutūpapātañāṇakathā niṭṭhitā.
413已对照

杂论

Pakiṇṇakakathā
413.
缅 2.60已对照

四百一十三、

如是,通晓五蕴的怙主所说的那五神通,

知了它们之后,关于它们,这杂论也应了知。

因为在这些[神通]中,那称为死生智的天眼,有未来分智与随业趣智这两种附属智。如是,这两种与神变等五种,[共]七种神通智在此出现了。如今,为了在它们的所缘分别上不迷惑——

大仙所说的那四种所缘三法,

应阐明七种智在它们之中的转起。

此中,这是阐明:因为大仙说了四种所缘三法。哪四种呢?有限所缘三法、道所缘三法、过去所缘三法、内所缘三法(《法集论》〈三法论母〉13、16、19、21)。

Iti pañcakkhandhavidū, pañca abhiññā avoca yā nātho;
Tā ñatvā tāsu ayaṃ, pakiṇṇakakathāpi viññeyyā.
Etāsu hi yadetaṃ cutūpapātañāṇasaṅkhātaṃ dibbacakkhu, tassa anāgataṃsañāṇañca yathākammupagañāṇañcāti dvepi paribhaṇḍañāṇāni honti. Iti imāni ca dve iddhividhādīni ca pañcāti satta abhiññāñāṇāni idhāgatāni. Idāni tesaṃ ārammaṇavibhāge asammohatthaṃ –
Ārammaṇattikā vuttā, ye cattāro mahesinā;
Sattannamapi ñāṇānaṃ, pavattiṃ tesu dīpaye.
Tatrāyaṃ dīpanā. Cattāro hi ārammaṇattikā mahesinā vuttā. Katame cattāro? Parittārammaṇattiko, maggārammaṇattiko, atītārammaṇattiko, ajjhattārammaṇattikoti (dha. sa. tikamātikā 13, 16, 19, 21).
414已对照

四百一十四、此中,神变智依有限、广大、过去、未来、现在、内、外所缘,于七种所缘中转起。如何呢?因为当[有神通者]想以不可见之身前往,把身作成依止于心,依心而转变身,把[身]置于广大心中、安放在[广大心]上时,那时,由于「以业格(upayoga)所得的成为所缘」,它以色身为所缘,故是有限所缘。当[他]想以可见之身前往,把心作成依止于身,依身而转变心,把基础禅心置于色身中、安放在[色身]上时,那时,由于「以业格所得的成为所缘」,它以广大心为所缘,故是广大所缘。

414. Tattha iddhividhañāṇaṃ parittamahaggataatītānāgatapaccuppannaajjhattabahiddhārammaṇavasena sattasu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi yadā kāyaṃ cittasannissitaṃ katvā adissamānena kāyena gantukāmo cittavasena kāyaṃ pariṇāmeti, mahaggatacitte samodahati samāropeti, tadā upayogaladdhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ hotīti katvā rūpakāyārammaṇato parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Yadā cittaṃ kāyasannissitaṃ katvā dissamānena kāyena gantukāmo kāyavasena cittaṃ pariṇāmeti, pādakajjhānacittaṃ rūpakāye samodahati samāropeti, tadā upayogaladdhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ hotīti katvā mahaggatacittārammaṇato mahaggatārammaṇaṃ hoti.
缅 2.61已对照

而由于它以那已过去、已灭的同一心为所缘,所以是过去所缘。对于如大迦叶长老等在大舍利奉藏时那样决意未来者,它是未来所缘。相传,大迦叶长老作大舍利的奉藏时,决意:「于未来二百一十八年间,愿这些香不干,愿花不萎,愿灯不灭。」(《法集论义注》1434)一切都正如其所[决意]。阿说笈多长老在跋多尼耶坐卧处,看见比丘僧团在吃干饭,便决意:「愿水池每天在食前成为酪汁。」食前所取的就成为酪汁,食后则唯是平常的水(《法集论义注》1434)。而在把身作成依止于心、以不可见之身前往之时,它是现在所缘。

Yasmā pana tadeva cittaṃ atītaṃ niruddhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti, tasmā atītārammaṇaṃ hoti. Mahādhātunidhāne mahākassapattherādīnaṃ viya anāgataṃ adhiṭṭhahantānaṃ anāgatārammaṇaṃ hoti. Mahākassapatthero kira mahādhātunidhānaṃ karonto ‘‘anāgate aṭṭhārasavassādhikāni dvevassasatāni ime gandhā mā sussiṃsu, pupphāni mā milāyiṃsu, dīpā mā nibbāyiṃsū’’ti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 1434) adhiṭṭhahi. Sabbaṃ tatheva ahosi. Assaguttatthero vattaniyasenāsane bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sukkhabhattaṃ bhuñjamānaṃ disvā udakasoṇḍiṃ divase divase purebhatte dadhirasaṃ hotūti adhiṭṭhāsi. Purebhatte gahitaṃ dadhirasaṃ hoti. Pacchābhatte pākatikaudakameva (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 1434). Kāyaṃ pana cittasannissitaṃ katvā adissamānena kāyena gamanakāle paccuppannārammaṇaṃ hoti.
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在依身而转变心、或依心而转变身之时,以及在化作自己的童子之形等之时,由于以自己的身与心为所缘,它是内所缘。而在于外显现象、马等之时,是外所缘——如是,首先应知神变智于七种所缘中的转起。

Kāyavasena cittaṃ, cittavasena vā kāyaṃ pariṇāmanakāle attano kumārakavaṇṇādinimmānakāle ca sakāyacittānaṃ ārammaṇakaraṇato ajjhattārammaṇaṃ hoti. Bahiddhā hatthiassādidassanakāle pana bahiddhārammaṇanti evaṃ tāva iddhividhañāṇassa sattasu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
415已对照

四百一十五、天耳界智依有限、现在、内、外所缘,于四种所缘中转起。如何呢?因为它以声为所缘,而声是有限的,所以是有限所缘。而由于唯以存在着的声为所缘而转起,所以是现在所缘。它在听自己腹中之声时,是内所缘;在听他人之声时,是外所缘——应如是知天耳界智于四种所缘中的转起。

415. Dibbasotadhātuñāṇaṃ parittapaccuppannaajjhattabahiddhārammaṇavasena catūsu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi yasmā saddaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti, saddo ca paritto, tasmā parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Vijjamānaṃyeva pana saddaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattanato paccuppannārammaṇaṃ hoti. Taṃ attano kucchisaddasavanakāle ajjhattārammaṇaṃ. Paresaṃ saddasavanakāle bahiddhārammaṇanti evaṃ dibbasotadhātuñāṇassa catūsu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
416已对照

四百一十六、他心智依有限、广大、无量、道、过去、未来、现在、外所缘,于八种所缘中转起。如何呢?因为它在知他人欲界心时,是有限所缘;在知色界心、无色界心时,是广大所缘;在知道与果时,是无量所缘。

416. Cetopariyañāṇaṃ parittamahaggataappamāṇamaggaatītānāgatapaccuppannabahiddhārammaṇavasena aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi paresaṃ kāmāvacaracittajānanakāle parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Rūpāvacaraarūpāvacaracittajānanakāle mahaggatārammaṇaṃ hoti. Maggaphalajānanakāle appamāṇārammaṇaṃ hoti.
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而此中,凡夫不知须陀洹的心;须陀洹[不知]斯陀含的[心]——应如是推及直到阿罗汉。而阿罗汉知一切人的心。其他上位者也[知]下位者的[心]——应知这一区别。在以道心为所缘时,是道所缘。而当[他]知他人在过去七日之内与未来七日之内的心时,那时是过去所缘与未来所缘。

Ettha ca puthujjano sotāpannassa cittaṃ na jānāti. Sotāpanno vā sakadāgāmissāti evaṃ yāva arahato netabbaṃ. Arahā pana sabbesaṃ cittaṃ jānāti. Aññopi ca uparimo heṭṭhimassāti ayaṃ viseso veditabbo. Maggacittārammaṇakāle maggārammaṇaṃ hoti. Yadā pana atīte sattadivasabbhantare ca anāgate sattadivasabbhantare ca paresaṃ cittaṃ jānāti, tadā atītārammaṇaṃ anāgatārammaṇañca hoti.
缅 2.62已对照

如何是现在所缘呢?所谓现在有三种:刹那现在(khaṇapaccuppanna)、相续现在(santatipaccuppanna)、时现在(addhāpaccuppanna)。此中,已达生、住、灭的,是刹那现在。属于一、二相续轮次的,是相续现在。此中,坐在黑暗中而后去到明亮之处的人,所缘不会立即显明;而直到它显明为止,应知在这期间有一、二相续轮次。在明亮之处走动之后进入内室的人,色也不会立即骤然显明;而直到它显明为止,应知在这期间有一、二相续轮次。而站在远处,即使看见了洗衣人的手的动作、敲钟击鼓的动作,也不会立即听到声音;而直到听到它为止,在这期间也应知有一、二相续轮次。这暂且是中部诵者们[的说法]。

Kathaṃ paccuppannārammaṇaṃ hoti. Paccuppannaṃ nāma tividhaṃ – khaṇapaccuppannaṃ, santatipaccuppannaṃ, addhāpaccuppannañca. Tattha uppādaṭṭhitibhaṅgappattaṃ khaṇapaccuppannaṃ. Ekadvesantativārapariyāpannaṃ santatipaccuppannaṃ. Tattha andhakāre nisīditvā ālokaṭṭhānaṃ gatassa na tāva ārammaṇaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, yāva pana taṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, etthantare ekadvesantativārā veditabbā. Ālokaṭṭhāne vicaritvā ovarakaṃ paviṭṭhassāpi na tāva sahasā rūpaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, yāva pana taṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, etthantare ekadvesantativārā veditabbā. Dūre ṭhatvā pana rajakānaṃ hatthavikāraṃ, ghaṇḍibherīākoṭanavikārañca disvāpi na tāva saddaṃ suṇāti, yāva pana taṃ suṇāti, etasmimpi antare ekadvesantativārā veditabbā. Evaṃ tāva majjhimabhāṇakā.
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而相应部诵者们说了色相续、非色相续两种相续之后,[说]:涉水而去的人,直到岸上所踩的水痕尚未澄清为止;从远路而来的人,直到身上的热尚未平息为止;从日晒中来而进入室内的人,直到黑暗之态尚未消失为止;在室内作意业处、白天打开窗户向外看的人,直到眼睛的颤动尚未平息为止——这名为色相续。说了「两三个速行轮次名为非色相续」之后,他们说那两者都名为相续现在。

Saṃyuttabhāṇakā pana rūpasantati arūpasantatīti dve santatiyo vatvā udakaṃ akkamitvā gatassa yāva tīre akkantaudakalekhā na vippasīdati, addhānato āgatassa yāva kāye usumabhāvo na vūpasammati, ātapā āgantvā gabbhaṃ paviṭṭhassa yāva andhakārabhāvo na vigacchati, antogabbhe kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasi karitvā divā vātapānaṃ vivaritvā olokentassa yāva akkhīnaṃ phandanabhāvo na vūpasammati, ayaṃ rūpasantati nāma. Dve tayo javanavārā arūpasantati nāmāti vatvā tadubhayampi santatipaccuppannaṃ nāmāti vadanti.
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而以一有为限的,名为时现在。就此而在《贤善一夜经》中说:「贤友,凡意与凡诸法,这两者都是现在;若于那现在识为欲贪所系,由于识为欲贪所系[之故],他便欣乐那[现在],欣乐那[现在]便于诸现在法中被牵引。」(《中部》3.284)而此中,相续现在出于诸义注;时现在[出于]经中。

Ekabhavaparicchinnaṃ pana addhāpaccuppannaṃ nāma. Yaṃ sandhāya bhaddekarattasutte ‘‘yo cāvuso, mano ye ca dhammā ubhayametaṃ paccuppannaṃ, tasmiṃ ce paccuppanne chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīratī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.284) vuttaṃ. Santatipaccuppannañcettha aṭṭhakathāsu āgataṃ. Addhāpaccuppannaṃ sutte.
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此中,某些[师]说:刹那现在的心是他心智的所缘。为什么呢?因为有神通者与他人的心在同一刹那生起。而这是他们的譬喻:犹如把一把花抛向空中时,必定有一朵花以[其]花茎碰触另一朵的花茎;同样,[想着]「我将知他人之心」而成堆地转向大众的心时,必定有一人的心,在生刹那或住刹那或坏灭刹那,被一个心所通达。然而那[说法],由于即使转向一百年、一千年,那以之而转向的心与以之而知的心,这两者并无同时存在,又由于转向与速行在不应许之处会落入所缘各异的过失,故不合理——诸义注中已加以驳斥。

Tattha keci khaṇapaccuppannaṃ cittaṃ cetopariyañāṇassa ārammaṇaṃ hotīti vadanti. Kiṃ kāraṇā? Yasmā iddhimato ca parassa ca ekakkhaṇe cittaṃ uppajjatīti. Idañca nesaṃ opammaṃ, yathā ākāse khitte pupphamuṭṭhimhi avassaṃ ekaṃ pupphaṃ ekassa vaṇṭena vaṇṭaṃ paṭivijjhati, evaṃ parassa cittaṃ jānissāmīti rāsivasena mahājanassa citte āvajjite avassaṃ ekassa cittaṃ ekena cittena uppādakkhaṇe vā ṭhitikkhaṇe vā bhaṅgakkhaṇe vā paṭivijjhatīti. Taṃ pana vassasatampi vassasahassampi āvajjanto yena ca cittena āvajjati, yena ca jānāti. Tesaṃ dvinnaṃ sahaṭhānābhāvato āvajjanajavanānañca aniṭṭhaṭṭhāne nānārammaṇabhāvappattidosato ayuttanti aṭṭhakathāsu paṭikkhittaṃ.
缅 2.63已对照

而应知相续现在与时现在才是所缘。此中,凡从现前转起的速行路起,依过去与未来,在两三个速行路之量的时间中他人的心,那一切都名为相续现在。「而时现在应以速行轮次来阐明」——在《相应部义注》中如是说。那是善说的。

Santatipaccuppannaṃ pana addhāpaccuppannañca ārammaṇaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ vattamānajavanavīthito atītānāgatavasena dvittijavanavīthiparimāṇe kāle parassa cittaṃ, taṃ sabbampi santatipaccuppannaṃ nāma. ‘‘Addhāpaccuppannaṃ pana javanavārena dīpetabba’’nti saṃyuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Taṃ suṭṭhu vuttaṃ.
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此中,这是阐明:有神通者想知他人之心而转向;转向以刹那现在[的心]为所缘,与它一同灭去。其后有四个或五个速行;它们之中,最后的是神通心,其余是欲界的;它们一切都以那同一已灭的心为所缘,而它们也不是所缘各异的,由于依时而是现在所缘。而即使所缘相同,也唯有神通心知他人之心,其余的不[知],犹如在眼门中唯有眼识见色,其余的不[见]。如是,这[智]依相续现在与时现在而是现在所缘。或者,由于相续现在也正落入时现在之中,所以应知这[智]唯依时现在而是现在所缘。而正由于以他人之心为所缘,是外所缘——应如是知他心智于八种所缘中的转起。

Tatrāyaṃ dīpanā, iddhimā parassa cittaṃ jānitukāmo āvajjati, āvajjanaṃ khaṇapaccuppannaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā teneva saha nirujjhati. Tato cattāri pañca vā javanāni. Yesaṃ pacchimaṃ iddhicittaṃ, sesāni kāmāvacarāni, tesaṃ sabbesampi tadeva niruddhaṃ cittamārammaṇaṃ hoti, na ca tāni nānārammaṇāni honti, addhāvasena paccuppannārammaṇattā. Ekārammaṇattepi ca iddhicittameva parassa cittaṃ jānāti, na itarāni. Yathā cakkhudvāre cakkhuviññāṇameva rūpaṃ passati, na itarānīti. Iti idaṃ santatipaccuppannassa ceva addhāpaccuppannassa ca vasena paccuppannārammaṇaṃ hoti. Yasmā vā santatipaccuppannampi addhāpaccuppanneyeva patati, tasmā addhāpaccuppannavasenevetaṃ paccuppannārammaṇanti veditabbaṃ. Parassa cittārammaṇattāyeva pana bahiddhārammaṇaṃ hotīti evaṃ cetopariyañāṇassa aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
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四百一十七、宿住智依有限、广大、无量、道、过去、内、外、不可说所缘,于八种所缘中转起。如何呢?因为它在随念欲界诸蕴时,是有限所缘;在随念色界、无色界诸蕴时,是广大所缘;在随念过去由自己或他人所修的道与所证的果时,是无量所缘;在只随念所修的道时,是道所缘。而决定地,这[智]唯是过去所缘。

417. Pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ parittamahaggataappamāṇamaggaatītaajjhattabahiddhānavattabbārammaṇavasena aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi kāmāvacarakkhandhānussaraṇakāle parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Rūpāvacarārūpāvacarakkhandhānussaraṇakāle mahaggatārammaṇaṃ. Atīte attanā parehi vā bhāvitamaggaṃ sacchikataphalañca anussaraṇakāle appamāṇārammaṇaṃ. Bhāvitamaggameva anussaraṇakāle maggārammaṇaṃ. Niyamato panetaṃ atītārammaṇameva.
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此中,虽然他心智与随业趣智也是过去所缘,然而它们之中,他心智的所缘唯是七日之内过去的心。因为它不知其他的蕴或系属于蕴的;而由于以与道相应的心为所缘,依异门而说为道所缘。而随业趣智的所缘唯是过去的思而已。而对宿住智来说,过去诸蕴与系属于蕴的,没有任何一样名为非所缘的。因为它在过去诸蕴与系属于蕴的诸法上,与一切知智同趣——应知这一区别。这是此中义注的方法。然而,由于在《发趣论》中说:「诸善蕴对神变智、他心智、宿住随念智、随业趣智、未来分智,以所缘缘为缘。」(《发趣论》1.1.404)所以,四蕴也都是他心智与随业趣智的所缘;而其中,对随业趣智来说,唯是善与不善[蕴]。

Tattha kiñcāpi cetopariyañāṇayathākammupagañāṇānipi atītārammaṇāni honti, atha kho tesaṃ cetopariyañāṇassa sattadivasabbhantarātītaṃ cittameva ārammaṇaṃ. Tañhi aññaṃ khandhaṃ vā khandhapaṭibaddhaṃ vā na jānāti. Maggasampayuttacittārammaṇattā pana pariyāyato maggārammaṇanti vuttaṃ. Yathākammupagañāṇassa ca atītaṃ cetanāmattameva ārammaṇaṃ. Pubbenivāsañāṇassa pana atītā khandhā khandhapaṭibaddhañca kiñci anārammaṇaṃ nāma natthi. Tañhi atītakkhandhakhandhapaṭibaddhesu dhammesu sabbaññutaññāṇagatikaṃ hotīti ayaṃ viseso veditabbo. Ayamettha aṭṭhakathānayo. Yasmā pana ‘‘kusalā khandhā iddhividhañāṇassa cetopariyañāṇassa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa yathākammupagañāṇassa anāgataṃsañāṇassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.404) paṭṭhāne vuttaṃ. Tasmā cattāropi khandhā cetopariyañāṇayathākammupagañāṇānaṃ ārammaṇā honti. Tatrāpi yathākammupagañāṇassa kusalākusalā evāti.
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而这[宿住智]在随念自己诸蕴时,是内所缘;在随念他人诸蕴时,是外所缘。在以「过去有毗婆尸世尊。他的母亲是槃头婆提,父亲是槃头」(《长部》2.12)等方式随念名、姓、地相等时,是不可说所缘。而此中「名、姓」,应视为系属于蕴的、依世俗而成立的文句之义,而不是文句。因为文句由于被声处所摄,是有限的。即如所说:「词无碍解是有限所缘。」(《分别论》749)这是我们于此的认可。应如是知宿住智于八种所缘中的转起。

Attano khandhānussaraṇakāle panetaṃ ajjhattārammaṇaṃ. Parassa khandhānussaraṇakāle bahiddhārammaṇaṃ. ‘‘Atīte vipassī bhagavā ahosi. Tassa mātā bandhumatī, pitā bandhumā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 2.12) nayena nāmagottapathavīnimittādianussaraṇakāle navattabbārammaṇaṃ hoti. Nāmagottanti cettha khandhūpanibandho sammutisiddho byañjanattho daṭṭhabbo, na byañjanaṃ. Byañjanañhi saddāyatanasaṅgahitattā parittaṃ hoti. Yathāha ‘‘niruttipaṭisambhidā parittārammaṇā’’ti (vibha. 749). Ayamettha amhākaṃ khanti. Evaṃ pubbenivāsañāṇassa aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
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四百一十八、天眼智依有限、现在、内、外所缘,于四种所缘中转起。如何呢?因为它以色为所缘,而色是有限的,所以是有限所缘。又由于唯于存在着的色上转起,是现在所缘。在见自己腹中等的色时,是内所缘;在见他人的色时,是外所缘——应如是知天眼智于四种所缘中的转起。

418. Dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ parittapaccuppannaajjhattabahiddhārammaṇavasena catūsu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi yasmā rūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti, rūpañca parittaṃ, tasmā parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Vijjamāneyeva ca rūpe pavattattā paccuppannārammaṇaṃ. Attano kucchigatādirūpadassanakāle ajjhattārammaṇaṃ. Parassa rūpadassanakāle bahiddhārammaṇanti evaṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇassa catūsu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
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四百一十九、未来分智依有限、广大、无量、道、未来、内、外、不可说所缘,于八种所缘中转起。如何呢?因为它在知「此人未来将生于欲界」时,是有限所缘;在知「将生于色界或无色界」时,是广大所缘;在知「将修道、将证果」时,是无量所缘;在只知「将修道」时,是道所缘。而决定地,它唯是未来所缘。

419. Anāgataṃsañāṇaṃ parittamahaggataappamāṇamaggaanāgataajjhattabahiddhānavattabbārammaṇavasena aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi ‘‘ayaṃ anāgate kāmāvacare nibbattissatī’’ti jānanakāle parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. ‘‘Rūpāvacare arūpāvacare vā nibbattissatī’’ti jānanakāle mahaggatārammaṇaṃ. ‘‘Maggaṃ bhāvessati, phalaṃ sacchikarissatī’’ti jānanakāle appamāṇārammaṇaṃ. ‘‘Maggaṃ bhāvessati’’cceva jānanakāle maggārammaṇaṃ. Niyamato pana taṃ anāgatārammaṇameva.
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此中,虽然他心智也是未来所缘,然而它的所缘唯是七日之内未来的心。因为它不知其他的蕴或系属于蕴的。而对未来分智来说,依宿住智中所说的方法,于未来中没有任何一样名为非所缘的。在知「我将生于某处」时,是内所缘;在知「某人将生于某处」时,是外所缘。而在以「未来,弥勒世尊将出现(《长部》3.107)。名叫修梵摩的婆罗门将是他的父亲,名叫梵摩越的婆罗门女[将是他的]母亲」等方式知名、姓时,正依宿住智中所说的方法,是不可说所缘——应如是知未来分智于八种所缘中的转起。

Tattha kiñcāpi cetopariyañāṇampi anāgatārammaṇaṃ hoti, atha kho tassa sattadivasabbhantarānāgataṃ cittameva ārammaṇaṃ. Tañhi aññaṃ khandhaṃ vā khandhapaṭibaddhaṃ vā na jānāti. Anāgataṃsañāṇassa pubbenivāsañāṇe vuttanayena anāgate anārammaṇaṃ nāma natthi. ‘‘Ahaṃ amutra nibbattissāmī’’ti jānanakāle ajjhattārammaṇaṃ. ‘‘Asuko amutra nibbattissatī’’ti jānanakāle bahiddhārammaṇaṃ. ‘‘Anāgate metteyyo bhagavā uppajjissati (dī. ni. 3.107). Subrahmā nāmassa brāhmaṇo pitā bhavissati. Brahmavatī nāma brāhmaṇī mātā’’tiādinā pana nayena nāmagottajānanakāle pubbenivāsañāṇe vuttanayeneva na vattabbārammaṇaṃ hotīti evaṃ anāgataṃsañāṇassa aṭṭhasu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā.
420已对照

四百二十、随业趣智依有限、广大、过去、内、外所缘,于五种所缘中转起。如何呢?因为它在知欲界业时,是有限所缘;在知色界、无色界业时,是广大所缘;由于唯知过去,是过去所缘;在知自己的业时,是内所缘;在知他人的业时,是外所缘。应如是知随业趣智于五种所缘中的转起。而此中凡说为「内所缘与外所缘」的,那[智]在有时知内、有时知外之时,当然也是内外所缘。

420. Yathākammupagañāṇaṃ parittamahaggataatītaajjhattabahiddhārammaṇavasena pañcasu ārammaṇesu pavattati. Kathaṃ? Tañhi kāmāvacarakammajānanakāle parittārammaṇaṃ hoti. Rūpāvacarārūpāvacarakammajānanakāle mahaggatārammaṇaṃ. Atītameva jānātīti atītārammaṇaṃ. Attano kammaṃ jānanakāle ajjhattārammaṇaṃ. Parassa kammaṃ jānanakāle bahiddhārammaṇaṃ hoti. Evaṃ yathākammupagañāṇassa pañcasu ārammaṇesu pavatti veditabbā. Yañcettha ajjhattārammaṇañceva bahiddhārammaṇañcāti vuttaṃ, taṃ kālena ajjhattaṃ kālena bahiddhā jānanakāle ajjhattabahiddhārammaṇampi hotiyevāti.
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如是,在为令善人愉悦而造的《清净道论》中,

Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge
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名为〈神通的解说〉的

Abhiññāniddeso nāma
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第十三章[终]。

Terasamo paricchedo.