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清净道论·神变的解说 Iddhividhaniddeso

本经目录清净道论(第二册)十二、神变的解说神通论十种神通论降伏难陀优波难陀龙王论如是,在为令善人愉悦而造的《清净道论》中,名为〈神变的解说〉的第十二章[终]。

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清净道论

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(第二册)

(Dutiyo bhāgo)
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十二、神变的解说

12. Iddhividhaniddeso
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神通论

Abhiññākathā
365缅 2.1已对照

三百六十五、如今,依于哪些世间神通而说「这定的修习具有神通的功德利益」,为成就那些神通,由于已在地遍等中证得第四禅的瑜伽者应当致力——因为如是,他的那定的修习将既已得功德利益,又更加稳固;他具足了已得功德利益、更加稳固的定的修习,便能轻易地成就慧的修习——所以我们先开始神通论。

因为世尊为向已证得第四禅定的良家子们显示定的修习的功德利益,以及为宣说更上更上、更殊胜更殊胜之法,以「当他的心如此得定、清净、皎洁、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适于作业、住立、达到不动时,他引导心、使心转向于种种神变。他体验多种神变:一身能变成多身」等方式(《长部》1.238),说了神变、天耳界智、他心智、宿住随念智、众生死生智这五种世间神通。

此中,想作「一身能变成多身」等神通变化的初学瑜伽者,应于以白遍为终的八遍中,各各生起八等至之后——

依遍的顺次、依遍的逆次、依遍的顺逆次、依禅的顺次、依禅的逆次、依禅的顺逆次、依跳禅、依跳遍、依跳禅与遍、依转禅支、依转所缘、依转禅支与所缘、依辨定禅支、依辨定所缘——

以这十四种行相调伏心。

365. Idāni yāsaṃ lokikābhiññānaṃ vasena ayaṃ samādhibhāvanā abhiññānisaṃsāti vuttā, tā abhiññā sampādetuṃ yasmā pathavīkasiṇādīsu adhigatacatutthajjhānena yoginā yogo kātabbo. Evañhissa sā samādhibhāvanā adhigatānisaṃsā ceva bhavissati thiratarā ca, so adhigatānisaṃsāya thiratarāya samādhibhāvanāya samannāgato sukheneva paññābhāvanaṃ sampādessati. Tasmā abhiññākathaṃ tāva ārabhissāma.
Bhagavatā hi adhigatacatutthajjhānasamādhīnaṃ kulaputtānaṃ samādhibhāvanānisaṃsadassanatthañceva uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītadhammadesanatthañca ‘‘so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte iddhividhāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti. So anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.238) nayena iddhividhaṃ, dibbasotadhātuñāṇaṃ, cetopariyañāṇaṃ, pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ, sattānaṃ cutūpapāte ñāṇanti pañca lokikābhiññā vuttā.
Tattha ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotītiādikaṃ iddhivikubbanaṃ kātukāmena ādikammikena yoginā odātakasiṇapariyantesu aṭṭhasu kasiṇesu aṭṭha aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā –
Kasiṇānulomato, kasiṇapaṭilomato, kasiṇānulomapaṭilomato, jhānānulomato, jhānapaṭilomato, jhānānulomapaṭilomato, jhānukkantikato, kasiṇukkantikato, jhānakasiṇukkantikato, aṅgasaṅkantito, ārammaṇasaṅkantito, aṅgārammaṇasaṅkantito, aṅgavavatthāpanato, ārammaṇavavatthāpanatoti.
Imehi cuddasahi ākārehi cittaṃ paridametabbaṃ.
366缅 2.3已对照

三百六十六、那么,此中什么是遍的顺次……乃至……什么是辨定所缘呢?在此,比丘于地遍入禅,其次于水遍——如是依次第于八遍中入[禅],或百次,或千次,这名为遍的顺次。

而从白遍开始,同样依逆的次第入[禅],名为遍的逆次。

从地遍直到白遍,又从白遍直到地遍——如是依顺逆而一再入[禅],名为遍的顺逆次。

而从初禅开始,依次第直到非想非非想处,一再入[禅],名为禅的顺次。

从非想非非想处开始直到初禅,一再入[禅],名为禅的逆次。

从初禅直到非想非非想处,从非想非非想处直到初禅——如是依顺逆而一再入[禅],名为禅的顺逆次。

而于地遍入初禅之后,就在那[遍]上入第三[禅],然后去除那同一[遍]而[入]空无边处,然后[入]无所有处——如是不越过遍,而唯以禅隔一的方式越过,名为跳禅。以水遍等为根本的组合,也应如是作。

于地遍入初禅之后,又于火遍[入]那同一[禅],然后于青遍,然后于赤遍——依这个方法,不越过禅,而唯以遍隔一的方式越过,名为跳遍。

于地遍入初禅之后,然后于火遍[入]第三[禅],去除青遍而[入]空无边处,从赤遍[入]无所有处——依这个方法,禅与遍都越过,名为跳禅与遍。

而于地遍入初禅之后,就在那同一[遍]上也入其余诸[禅],名为转禅支。

于地遍入初禅之后,于水遍[入]那同一[禅]……乃至……于白遍[入]那同一[禅]——如是于一切遍中唯入同一个禅,名为转所缘。

于地遍入初禅,于水遍[入]第二[禅],于火遍[入]第三[禅],于风遍[入]第四[禅],去除青遍而[入]空无边处,从黄遍[入]识无边处,从赤遍[入]无所有处,从白遍[入]非想非非想处——如是依[支与所缘]一并相异的方式转换诸支与诸所缘,名为转禅支与所缘。

而辨定初禅为「五支的」之后,[辨定]第二[禅]为「三支的」,第三[禅]为「二支的」,同样,第四[禅]、空无边处……乃至……非想非非想处[也为二支的]——如是唯辨定禅支,名为辨定禅支。

同样,辨定「这是地遍」之后,[辨定]「这是水遍」……乃至……「这是白遍」——如是唯辨定所缘,名为辨定所缘。有些[师]也主张辨定禅支与所缘。然而由于在诸义注中没有传来,那确实不是修习之门。

366. Katamaṃ panettha kasiṇānulomaṃ…pe… katamaṃ ārammaṇavavatthāpananti. Idha bhikkhu pathavīkasiṇe jhānaṃ samāpajjati, tato āpokasiṇeti evaṃ paṭipāṭiyā aṭṭhasu kasiṇesu satakkhattumpi sahassakkhattumpi samāpajjati, idaṃ kasiṇānulomaṃ nāma.
Odātakasiṇato pana paṭṭhāya tatheva paṭilomakkamena samāpajjanaṃ kasiṇapaṭilomaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇato paṭṭhāya yāva odātakasiṇaṃ, odātakasiṇatopi paṭṭhāya yāva pathavīkasiṇanti evaṃ anulomapaṭilomavasena punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ kasiṇānulomapaṭilomaṃ nāma.
Paṭhamajjhānato pana paṭṭhāya paṭipāṭiyā yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ, tāva punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ jhānānulomaṃ nāma.
Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanato paṭṭhāya yāva paṭhamajjhānaṃ, tāva punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ jhānapaṭilomaṃ nāma.
Paṭhamajjhānato paṭṭhāya yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanato paṭṭhāya yāva paṭhamajjhānanti evaṃ anulomapaṭilomavasena punappunaṃ samāpajjanaṃ jhānānulomapaṭilomaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇe pana paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tattheva tatiyaṃ samāpajjati, tato tadeva ugghāṭetvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, tato ākiñcaññāyatananti evaṃ kasiṇaṃ anukkamitvā jhānasseva ekantarikabhāvena ukkamanaṃ jhānukkantikaṃ nāma. Evaṃ āpokasiṇādimūlikāpi yojanā kātabbā.
Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā puna tadeva tejokasiṇe, tato nīlakasiṇe, tato lohitakasiṇeti iminā nayena jhānaṃ anukkamitvā kasiṇasseva ekantarikabhāvena ukkamanaṃ kasiṇukkantikaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tato tejokasiṇe tatiyaṃ, nīlakasiṇaṃ ugghāṭetvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, lohitakasiṇato ākiñcaññāyatananti iminā nayena jhānassa ceva kasiṇassa ca ukkamanaṃ jhānakasiṇukkantikaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇe pana paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tattheva itaresampi samāpajjanaṃ aṅgasaṅkantikaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tadeva āpokasiṇe…pe… tadeva odātakasiṇeti evaṃ sabbakasiṇesu ekasseva jhānassa samāpajjanaṃ ārammaṇasaṅkantikaṃ nāma.
Pathavīkasiṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā āpokasiṇe dutiyaṃ, tejokasiṇe tatiyaṃ, vāyokasiṇe catutthaṃ, nīlakasiṇaṃ ugghāṭetvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, pītakasiṇato viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ, lohitakasiṇato ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ, odātakasiṇato nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti evaṃ ekantarikavasena aṅgānañca ārammaṇānañca saṅkamanaṃ aṅgārammaṇasaṅkantikaṃ nāma.
Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ pana pañcaṅgikanti vavatthapetvā dutiyaṃ tivaṅgikaṃ, tatiyaṃ duvaṅgikaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti evaṃ jhānaṅgamattasseva vavatthāpanaṃ aṅgavavatthāpanaṃ nāma.
Tathā idaṃ pathavīkasiṇanti vavatthapetvā idaṃ āpokasiṇaṃ…pe… idaṃ odātakasiṇanti evaṃ ārammaṇamattasseva vavatthāpanaṃ ārammaṇavavatthāpanaṃ nāma. Aṅgārammaṇavavatthāpanampi eke icchanti. Aṭṭhakathāsu pana anāgatattā addhā taṃ bhāvanāmukhaṃ na hoti.
367已对照

三百六十七、而不以这十四种行相调伏心、先前未曾修习[禅与神通]的初学瑜伽行者会成就神通变化——这是不可能的。因为对初学者来说,连遍的遍作也是重担,百人或千人中只有一人能够。对已作了遍的遍作者来说,生起相是重担,百人或千人中只有一人能够。相生起后,增长它而证得安止是重担,百人或千人中只有一人能够。对已证得安止者来说,以十四种行相调伏心是重担,百人或千人中只有一人能够。对心已以十四种行相调伏者来说,所谓神通变化也是重担,百人或千人中只有一人能够。对已达到[神通]变化者来说,所谓速入定(khippanisanti)之性也是重担,百人或千人中只有一人是速入定者——犹如在长老庵婆台(Therambatthala),前来看护大罗诃那笈多(Mahārohaṇagutta)长老之病的约三万位有神通者中,受具足戒八年的罗吉多(Rakkhita)长老那样。他的威力已在〈地遍的解说〉(《清净道论》1.78 等)中说过了。长老见了他的那威力,便说:「贤友们,若没有罗吉多,我们都会受到呵责:『他们没能保护龙王。』因此,自己所要拿着行走的武器,应当先清除锈垢之后再拿着行走。」那三万位比丘安住于长老的教诫,都成了速入定者。

367. Imehi pana cuddasahi ākārehi cittaṃ aparidametvā pubbe abhāvitabhāvano ādikammiko yogāvacaro iddhivikubbanaṃ sampādessatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Ādikammikassa hi kasiṇaparikammampi bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti. Katakasiṇaparikammassa nimittuppādanaṃ bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti. Uppanne nimitte taṃ vaḍḍhetvā appanādhigamo bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti. Adhigatappanassa cuddasahākārehi cittaparidamanaṃ bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti. Cuddasahākārehi paridamitacittassāpi iddhivikubbanaṃ nāma bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova sakkoti. Vikubbanappattassāpi khippanisantibhāvo nāma bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova khippanisantī hoti. Therambatthale mahārohaṇaguttattherassa gilānupaṭṭhānaṃ āgatesu tiṃsamattesu iddhimantasahassesu upasampadāya aṭṭhavassiko rakkhitatthero viya. Tassānubhāvo pathavīkasiṇaniddese (visuddhi. 1.78 ādayo) vuttoyeva. Taṃ panassānubhāvaṃ disvā thero āha ‘‘āvuso, sace rakkhito nābhavissa sabbe garahappattā assāma ‘nāgarājānaṃ rakkhituṃ nāsakkhiṃsū’ti. Tasmā attanā gahetvā vicaritabbaṃ āvudhaṃ nāma malaṃ sodhetvāva gahetvā vicarituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. Te therassa ovāde ṭhatvā tiṃsasahassāpi bhikkhū khippanisantino ahesuṃ.
已对照

而即使是速入定者,成为他人的依靠也是重担,百人或千人中只有一人是[如此]——犹如在山货运载供养(giribhaṇḍavāhanapūjā)时,魔降下炭火之雨,[他]在空中化作大地而救护[众人]免于炭火之雨的那位长老。

Khippanisantiyāpi ca sati parassa patiṭṭhābhāvo bhāro, satesu sahassesu vā ekova hoti, giribhaṇḍavāhanapūjāya mārena aṅgāravasse pavattite ākāse pathaviṃ māpetvā aṅgāravassaparittārako thero viya.
缅 2.5已对照

而对宿世努力强大的诸佛、独觉佛、上首弟子等来说,即使没有这所说方式的修习次第,唯由证得阿罗汉[果],这神通变化以及其他无碍解等类的诸德便成就了。因此,犹如想作装饰品的金匠,先以吹火等使金柔软、适于作业之后才作;又犹如想作器皿的陶工,先把陶土揉捏好、使之柔软之后才作;正是如此,初学者应以这十四种行相调伏心,并依以欲为首、以心为首、以精进为首、以审察为首而入定,以及依转向等的自在,使[心]柔软、适于作业之后,应当致力于神变。而宿世之因具足者,仅于诸遍中的第四禅已得串习自在,也可以作。而此中应如何致力,世尊为显示那方法,说了「当他的心如此得定」等语。

Balavapubbayogānaṃ pana buddhapaccekabuddhaaggasāvakādīnaṃ vināpi iminā vuttappakārena bhāvanānukkamena arahattapaṭilābheneva idañca iddhivikubbanaṃ aññe ca paṭisambhidādibhedā guṇā ijjhanti. Tasmā yathā piḷandhanavikatiṃ kattukāmo suvaṇṇakāro aggidhamanādīhi suvaṇṇaṃ muduṃ kammaññaṃ katvāva karoti, yathā ca bhājanavikatiṃ kattukāmo kumbhakāro mattikaṃ suparimadditaṃ muduṃ katvā karoti, evameva ādikammikena imehi cuddasahākārehi cittaṃ paridametvā chandasīsacittasīsavīriyasīsavīmaṃsāsīsasamāpajjanavasena ceva āvajjanādivasībhāvavasena ca muduṃ kammaññaṃ katvā iddhividhāya yogo karaṇīyo. Pubbahetusampannena pana kasiṇesu catutthajjhānamatte ciṇṇavasināpi kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Yathā panettha yogo kātabbo, taṃ vidhiṃ dassento bhagavā ‘‘so evaṃ samāhite citte’’tiādimāha.
368已对照

三百六十八、此中,这是唯随顺圣典之理趣的抉择论。此中,「他(so)」者:即那已证得第四禅的瑜伽者。「如此(evaṃ)」者:这是指示第四禅的次第。是说:依这证得初禅等的次第而获得第四禅之后。「得定(samāhite)」者:即以这第四禅之定而得定。「心(citte)」者:即于色界心。而于「清净(parisuddhe)」等语中:依舍念清净之性而「清净」。正由于清净而「皎洁」,是说光洁。由于以摧破乐等诸缘而贪等诸秽已被破坏,故「无秽」。正由于无秽而「离随烦恼」;因为那心是由秽而被染污的。由于善修习而「柔软」,是说已达到自在。因为在掌控中转起的心,称为柔软。正由于柔软而「适于作业」,是说堪于作业、合于作业。因为柔软的心是适于作业的,犹如善炼的金;而那两者都正是由于善修习。即如所说:「诸比丘,我不见有其他任何一法,像这心这样,诸比丘,已修习、已多作时既柔软又适于作业。」(《增支部》1.22)

368. Tatrāyaṃ pāḷinayānusāreneva vinicchayakathā. Tattha soti so adhigatacatutthajjhāno yogī. Evanti catutthajjhānakkamanidassanametaṃ. Iminā paṭhamajjhānādhigamādinā kamena catutthajjhānaṃ paṭilabhitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Samāhiteti iminā catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite. Citteti rūpāvacaracitte. Parisuddhetiādīsu pana upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvena parisuddhe. Parisuddhattāyeva pariyodāte, pabhassareti vuttaṃ hoti. Sukhādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ ghātena vihatarāgādiaṅgaṇattā anaṅgaṇe. Anaṅgaṇattāyeva vigatūpakkilese. Aṅgaṇena hi taṃ cittaṃ upakkilissati. Subhāvitattā mudubhūte, vasībhāvappatteti vuttaṃ hoti. Vase vattamānaṃ hi cittaṃ mudunti vuccati. Muduttāyeva ca kammaniye, kammakkhame kammayoggeti vuttaṃ hoti. Muduṃ hi cittaṃ kammaniyaṃ hoti sudantamiva suvaṇṇaṃ, tañca ubhayampi subhāvitattāyevāti. Yathāha ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ muduñca hoti kammaniyañca, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, citta’’nti (a. ni. 1.22).
缅 2.6已对照

由于住立于这些清净性等中,故「住立」。正由于住立而「达到不动」,是说不动摇、无动乱。或者,由于依柔软、适于作业之性而住立于自己的掌控中,故「住立」;由于为信等所摄持,故「达到不动」。因为为信所摄持的心,不因不信而动摇;为精进所摄持的,不因懈怠而动摇;为念所摄持的,不因放逸而动摇;为定所摄持的,不因掉举而动摇;为慧所摄持的,不因无明而动摇;具光明的,不因烦恼的黑暗而动摇。为这六法所摄持的[心],便是达到不动的。如是具足八支的心,堪于引导,以证知、作证那些应以证知作证之法。

Etesu parisuddhabhāvādīsu ṭhitattā ṭhite. Ṭhitattāyeva āneñjappatte, acale niriñjaneti vuttaṃ hoti. Mudukammaññabhāvena vā attano vase ṭhitattā ṭhite. Saddhādīhi pariggahitattā āneñjappatte. Saddhāpariggahitaṃ hi cittaṃ assaddhiyena na iñjati. Vīriyapariggahitaṃ kosajjena na iñjati. Satipariggahitaṃ pamādena na iñjati. Samādhipariggahitaṃ uddhaccena na iñjati. Paññāpariggahitaṃ avijjāya na iñjati. Obhāsagataṃ kilesandhakārena na iñjati. Imehi chahi dhammehi pariggahitaṃ āneñjappattaṃ hoti. Evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya.
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另一理趣:以第四禅之定而「得定」。由于远离诸盖而「清净」。由于超越寻等而「皎洁」。由于没有以获得禅那为缘的诸欲之所行,而「无秽」。由于贪欲等心的诸随烦恼已离去,而「离随烦恼」。而这两者都应随顺《无秽经》《布喻经》(《中部》1.57 等)而知。由于达到自在而「柔软」。由于达到神足之性而「适于作业」。由于修习圆满、达到殊胜之性而「住立」「达到不动」——如是住立,以致达到不动,此是其义。如是具足八支的心,也堪于引导,以证知、作证那些应以证知作证之法,而成为[其]基础、近因。

Aparo nayo, catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite. Nīvaraṇadūrabhāvena parisuddhe. Vitakkādisamatikkamena pariyodāte. Jhānapaṭilābhapaccayānaṃ icchāvacarānaṃ abhāvena anaṅgaṇe. Abhijjhādīnaṃ cittassa upakkilesānaṃ vigamena vigatūpakkilese. Ubhayampi cetaṃ anaṅgaṇasuttavatthasuttānusārena (ma. ni. 1.57 ādayo) veditabbaṃ. Vasippattiyā mudubhūte. Iddhipādabhāvūpagamena kammaniye. Bhāvanāpāripūriyā paṇītabhāvūpagamena ṭhite āneñjappatte. Yathā āneñjappattaṃ hoti, evaṃ ṭhiteti attho. Evampi aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya pādakaṃ padaṭṭhānabhūtanti.
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十种神通论

Dasaiddhikathā
369已对照

三百六十九、于「引导心、使心转向于种种神变(iddhividhāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti)」这里,依成就之义为神通(iddhi),是说依成办之义与获得之义。因为凡成办、被获得的,那就称为「成就」。即如所说:「对欲求欲的人,若他的那[所欲]得以成就」(《经集》772)。同样:「出离成就,故为神通;驱除[对立],故为示导。阿罗汉道成就,故为神通;驱除[对立],故为示导。」(《无碍解道》3.32)

369. Iddhividhāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmetīti ettha ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhi, nipphattiatthena paṭilābhaṭṭhena cāti vuttaṃ hoti. Yañhi nipphajjati paṭilabbhati ca, taṃ ijjhatīti vuccati. Yathāha ‘‘kāmaṃ kāmayamānassa, tassa cetaṃ samijjhatī’’ti (su. ni. 772). Tathā ‘‘nekkhammaṃ ijjhatīti iddhi, paṭiharatīti pāṭihāriyaṃ. Arahattamaggo ijjhatīti iddhi, paṭiharatīti pāṭihāriya’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.32).
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另一理趣:依成就之义为神通。这是方便具足的增语。因为方便具足由于产生所意欲的果而成就。即如所说:「这位质多居士是具戒的、具善法的。若他发愿『于未来世愿我成为转轮王』,那么他的这[愿]必将成就,持戒者的心愿由于清净[而成就]。」(《相应部》4.352)

Aparo nayo, ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhi. Upāyasampadāyetamadhivacanaṃ. Upāyasampadā hi ijjhati adhippetaphalappasavanato. Yathāha – ‘‘ayaṃ kho citto gahapati sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, sace paṇidahissati ‘anāgatamaddhānaṃ rājā assaṃ cakkavattī’ti, tassa kho ayaṃ ijjhissati sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.352).
缅 2.7已对照

另一理趣:众生以它而成就,故为神通。「成就」,是说成为兴盛、增长、达于殊胜者。它有十种。即如所说:「神通有几种?神通有十种。」又说:「哪十种神通呢?决意神通、变化神通、意所成神通、智遍满神通、定遍满神通、圣神通、业异熟生神通、有福者的神通、明所成神通、于各各处以正加行为缘、依成就之义的神通。」(《无碍解道》3.9)

Aparo nayo, etāya sattā ijjhantīti iddhi. Ijjhantīti iddhā vuddhā ukkaṃsagatā hontīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sā dasavidhā. Yathāha ‘‘kati iddhiyoti dasa iddhiyo’’. Puna caparaṃ āha ‘‘katamā dasa iddhiyo? Adhiṭṭhānā iddhi, vikubbanā iddhi, manomayā iddhi, ñāṇavipphārā iddhi, samādhivipphārā iddhi, ariyā iddhi, kammavipākajā iddhi, puññavato iddhi, vijjāmayā iddhi, tattha tattha sammāpayogapaccayā ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.9).
370已对照

三百七十、此中,「本来是一个,他转向许多:一百或一千或十万;转向之后,以智决意:『愿我成为许多。』」(《无碍解道》3.10)如是分别显示的神通,由于依决意而成办,名为决意神通。

370. Tattha ‘‘pakatiyā eko bahukaṃ āvajjati. Sataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā satasahassaṃ vā āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti ‘bahuko homī’’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.10) evaṃ vibhajitvā dassitā iddhi adhiṭṭhānavasena nipphannattā adhiṭṭhānā iddhi nāma.
371已对照

三百七十一、「他舍弃本来的容色,显示童子的容色,或显示龙的容色……乃至……也显示种种军阵。」(《无碍解道》3.13)如是而来的神通,由于依舍弃本来容色的变化而转起,名为变化神通。

371. ‘‘So pakativaṇṇaṃ vijahitvā kumārakavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti nāgavaṇṇaṃ vā…pe… vividhampi senābyūhaṃ dassetī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.13) evaṃ āgatā iddhi pakativaṇṇavijahanavikāravasena pavattattā vikubbanā iddhi nāma.
372已对照

三百七十二、「在此,比丘从此身化作出另一个身:有色、意所成。」(《无碍解道》3.14)依这方式而来的神通,由于依在身内产生另一个意所成之身而转起,名为意所成神通。

372. ‘‘Idha bhikkhu imamhā kāyā aññaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimmināti rūpiṃ manomaya’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.14) iminā nayena āgatā iddhi sarīrabbhantare aññasseva manomayassa sarīrassa nipphattivasena pavattattā manomayā iddhi nāma.
373已对照

三百七十三、而在智生起之前、之后或当刹那,由智的威力所产生的殊胜,名为智遍满神通。因为这已被说过:「由无常随观,常想之舍断义成就,故为智遍满神通……乃至……由阿罗汉道,一切烦恼之舍断义成就,故为智遍满神通。具寿薄拘罗的智遍满神通;具寿删祇遮的智遍满神通;具寿部多波罗的智遍满神通。」(《无碍解道》3.15)

373. Ñāṇuppattito pana pubbe vā pacchā vā taṃkhaṇe vā ñāṇānubhāvanibbatto viseso ñāṇavipphārā iddhi nāma. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘aniccānupassanāya niccasaññāya pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti ñāṇavipphārā iddhi…pe… arahattamaggena sabbakilesānaṃ pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti ñāṇavipphārā iddhi. Āyasmato bākkulassa ñāṇavipphārā iddhi. Āyasmato saṃkiccassa ñāṇavipphārā iddhi. Āyasmato bhūtapālassa ñāṇavipphārā iddhī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.15).
缅 2.8已对照

此中,具寿薄拘罗年幼时,在吉祥日于河中被[人]洗浴,由于乳母放逸,落入水流。一条鱼吞了他,去到波罗奈的渡口。在那里,渔夫捉住它,卖给长者之妻。她对那鱼生起喜爱,[想着]「我要亲自煮它」,剖开时,见到鱼腹中如金像一般的孩子,[想着]「我得了一个儿子」,生起了喜悦。如是,具寿薄拘罗是最后有者,他在鱼腹中无病,由于是依他以那自体所应获得的阿罗汉道智的威力而产生的,名为智遍满神通。而这故事应详细讲述。

Tattha āyasmā bākkulo daharova maṅgaladivase nadiyā nhāpiyamāno dhātiyā pamādena sote patito. Tamenaṃ maccho gilitvā bārāṇasītitthaṃ agamāsi. Tatra taṃ macchabandho gahetvā seṭṭhibhariyāya vikkiṇi. Sā macche sinehaṃ uppādetvā ahameva naṃ pacissāmīti phālentī macchakucchiyaṃ suvaṇṇabimbaṃ viya dārakaṃ disvā putto me laddhoti somanassajātā ahosi. Iti macchakucchiyaṃ arogabhāvo āyasmato bākkulassa pacchimabhavikassa tena attabhāvena paṭilabhitabbaarahattamaggañāṇānubhāvena nibbattattā ñāṇavipphārā iddhi nāma. Vatthu pana vitthārena kathetabbaṃ.
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而删祇遮长老还在母胎中时,母亲就命终了。当她被放上柴堆、以铁叉刺穿而焚烧时,孩子在眼眶上被叉尖击中,发出了声音。于是[人们想着]「孩子还活着」,把[尸体]取下,剖开腹部,把孩子交给祖母。他由她抚养,长大之后出家,连同诸无碍解证得了阿罗汉[果]。如是,依所说的方式,具寿删祇遮在柴堆上无病,名为智遍满神通。

Saṃkiccattherassa pana gabbhagatasseva mātā kālamakāsi. Tassā citakaṃ āropetvā sūlehi vijjhitvā jhāpiyamānāya dārako sūlakoṭiyā akkhikūṭe pahāraṃ labhitvā saddaṃ akāsi. Tato dārako jīvatīti otāretvā kucchiṃ phāletvā dārakaṃ ayyikāya adaṃsu. So tāya paṭijaggito vuddhimanvāya pabbajitvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Iti vuttanayeneva dārucitakāya arogabhāvo āyasmato saṃkiccassa ñāṇavipphārā iddhi nāma.
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而部多波罗童子的父亲是王舍城的穷人。他为了柴,以车去到林野,装了一车柴,傍晚到达城门附近。这时,他的牛卸脱车轭,进了城。他让小儿子坐在车旁,跟随牛的足迹而去,也进入了城中。他还没出来,城门就关上了。孩子在城外凶猛夜叉出没之处度过三更之夜而无病,依所说的方式,名为智遍满神通。而这故事应详述。

Bhūtapāladārakassa pana pitā rājagahe daliddamanusso. So dārūnaṃ atthāya sakaṭena aṭaviṃ gantvā dārubhāraṃ katvā sāyaṃ nagaradvārasamīpaṃ patto. Athassa goṇā yugaṃ ossajjitvā nagaraṃ pavisiṃsu. So sakaṭamūle puttakaṃ nisīdāpetvā goṇānaṃ anupadaṃ gacchanto nagarameva pāvisi. Tassa anikkhantasseva dvāraṃ pihitaṃ. Dārakassa vāḷayakkhānucaritepi bahinagare tiyāmarattiṃ arogabhāvo vuttanayeneva ñāṇavipphārā iddhi nāma. Vatthu pana vitthāretabbaṃ.
374已对照

三百七十四、在定之前、之后或当刹那,由止的威力所产生的殊胜,[名为]定遍满神通。因为这已被说过:「由初禅,诸盖之舍断义成就,故为定遍满神通……乃至……由非想非非想处等至,无所有处想之舍断义成就,故为定遍满神通。具寿舍利弗的定遍满神通;具寿僧耆婆的、具寿树桩憍陈如的、优多罗优婆夷的、沙摩婆提优婆夷的定遍满神通。」(《无碍解道》3.16)

374. Samādhito pubbe vā pacchā vā taṃkhaṇe vā samathānubhāvanibbatto viseso samādhivipphārā iddhi. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘paṭhamajjhānena nīvaraṇānaṃ pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti samādhivipphārā iddhi…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññāya pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti samādhivipphārā iddhi. Āyasmato sāriputtassa samādhivipphārā iddhi, āyasmato sañjīvassa, āyasmato khāṇukoṇḍaññassa, uttarāya upāsikāya, sāmāvatiyā upāsikāya samādhivipphārā iddhī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.16).
缅 2.9已对照

此中,当具寿舍利弗与大目犍连长老一起住在鸽窟(Kapotakandarā)时,在月光之夜,刚剃了头发,坐在露天,一个恶夜叉虽被同伴夜叉劝阻,仍在[他]头上打了一击。那一击的声音就如乌云雷鸣。那时,长老就在他打下的时刻入了等至。于是由于那一击,他没有任何病恼。这是那位具寿的定遍满神通。而这故事已在《自说》(《自说》34)中来了。

Tattha yadā āyasmato sāriputtassa mahāmoggallānattherena saddhiṃ kapotakandarāyaṃ viharato juṇhāya rattiyā navoropitehi kesehi ajjhokāse nisinnassa eko duṭṭhayakkho sahāyakena yakkhena vāriyamānopi sīse pahāramadāsi. Yassa meghassa viya gajjato saddo ahosi. Tadā thero tassa paharaṇasamaye samāpattiṃ appesi. Athassa tena pahārena na koci ābādho ahosi. Ayaṃ tassāyasmato samādhivipphārā iddhi. Vatthu pana udāne (udā. 34) āgatameva.
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而僧耆婆长老入了灭尽定,牧牛人等认为[他]已命终,就收集草、木、牛粪而点了火。长老的衣连一丝也没有烧着。这是他的定遍满神通,由于是由依次第之等至而转起的止的威力所产生。而这故事已在经中(《中部》1.507)来了。

Sañjīvattheraṃ pana nirodhasamāpannaṃ kālakatoti sallakkhetvā gopālakādayo tiṇakaṭṭhagomayāni saṅkaḍḍhetvā aggiṃ adaṃsu. Therassa cīvare aṃsumattampi najjhāyittha. Ayamassa anupubbasamāpattivasena pavattasamathānubhāvanibbattattā samādhivipphārā iddhi. Vatthu pana sutte (ma. ni. 1.507) āgatameva.
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而树桩憍陈如长老本来就多入等至。他在某林野中,夜里入了等至而坐。五百盗贼偷了财物离去,[想着]「现在没有人沿路追我们来了」,想要休息,卸下财物时,以为「这是树桩」,就把所有财物都放在长老身上。他们休息过后要走,拿取最先放下的财物时,长老依所限定的时限出定了。他们见到长老动的样子,害怕而大叫。长老说:「优婆塞们,不要害怕,我是比丘。」他们走来礼敬,以对长老所生的净信而出家,连同诸无碍解证得了阿罗汉[果](《法句义注》1.1)。此中,长老被五百包财物压着而没有病恼,这是定遍满神通。

Khāṇukoṇḍaññatthero pana pakatiyāva samāpattibahulo. So aññatarasmiṃ araññe rattiṃ samāpattiṃ appetvā nisīdi. Pañcasatā corā bhaṇḍakaṃ thenetvā gacchantā ‘‘idāni amhākaṃ anupathaṃ āgacchantā natthī’’ti vissamitukāmā bhaṇḍakaṃ oropayamānā ‘‘khāṇuko aya’’nti maññamānā therasseva upari sabbabhaṇḍakāni ṭhapesuṃ. Tesaṃ vissamitvā gacchantānaṃ paṭhamaṃ ṭhapitabhaṇḍakassa gahaṇakāle kālaparicchedavasena thero vuṭṭhāsi. Te therassa calanākāraṃ disvā bhītā viraviṃsu. Thero ‘‘mā bhāyittha upāsakā, bhikkhu aha’’nti āha. Te āgantvā vanditvā theragatena pasādena pabbajitvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.1). Ayamettha pañcahi bhaṇḍakasatehi ajjhotthaṭassa therassa ābādhābhāvo samādhivipphārā iddhi.
已对照

而优多罗优婆夷是富楼那长者的女儿。一个名叫尸利摩的妓女为嫉妒所驱,把一锅滚热的油浇在她头上。优多罗就在那刹那入了慈[等至]。那油便如水滴从莲叶上滚落一般流去了。这是她的定遍满神通。而这故事应详述。

Uttarā pana upāsikā puṇṇaseṭṭhissa dhītā. Tassā sirimā nāma gaṇikā issāpakatā tattatelakaṭāhaṃ sīse āsiñci. Uttarā taṃkhaṇaññeva mettaṃ samāpajji. Telaṃ pokkharapattato udakabindu viya vivaṭṭamānaṃ agamāsi. Ayamassā samādhivipphārā iddhi. Vatthu pana vitthāretabbaṃ.
缅 2.10已对照

名叫沙摩婆提的是优填王的正后。摩犍提婆罗门希求让自己的女儿得到正后之位,使人把毒蛇放进她的琵琶里,对国王说:「大王,沙摩婆提想杀你,把毒蛇放在琵琶里随身携带。」国王见了,大怒,[想着]「我要杀沙摩婆提」,便上弓弦,搭上涂了毒的剃刀镞箭。沙摩婆提与侍从一起以慈遍满国王。国王既不能射出箭,也不能放下,颤抖着站立。于是王后对他说:「大王,你疲倦了吗?」「是的,我疲倦了。」「那么,放下弓吧。」箭就落在国王的脚下。于是王后教诫他:「大王,不应加害于无害者。」如是,国王不能放出箭,这是沙摩婆提优婆夷的定遍满神通。

Sāmāvatī nāma udenassa rañño aggamahesī. Māgaṇḍiyabrāhmaṇo attano dhītāya aggamahesiṭṭhānaṃ patthayamāno tassā vīṇāya āsīvisaṃ pakkhipāpetvā rājānaṃ āha ‘‘mahārāja, sāmāvatī taṃ māretukāmā vīṇāya āsīvisaṃ gahetvā pariharatī’’ti. Rājā taṃ disvā kupito sāmāvatiṃ vadhissāmīti dhanuṃ āropetvā visapītaṃ khurappaṃ sannayhi. Sāmāvatī saparivārā rājānaṃ mettāya phari. Rājā neva saraṃ khipituṃ na oropetuṃ sakkonto vedhamāno aṭṭhāsi. Tato naṃ devī āha ‘‘kiṃ, mahārāja, kilamasī’’ti? ‘‘Āma kilamāmī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi dhanuṃ oropehī’’ti. Saro rañño pādamūleyeva pati. Tato naṃ devī ‘‘mahārāja, appaduṭṭhassa nappadussitabba’’nti ovadi. Iti rañño saraṃ muñcituṃ avisahanabhāvo sāmāvatiyā upāsikāya samādhivipphārā iddhīti.
375已对照

三百七十五、而于厌恶等[所缘]住于不厌恶想等,名为圣神通。即如所说:「什么是圣神通?在此,比丘若希望『愿我于厌恶[所缘]住于不厌恶想』,便在那里住于不厌恶想……乃至……便在那里住于舍,具念、正知。」(《无碍解道》3.17)因为这[神通]唯在已得心自在的圣者们那里才有,故称为圣神通。

375. Paṭikkūlādīsu appaṭikkūlasaññivihārādikā pana ariyā iddhi nāma. Yathāha – ‘‘katamā ariyā iddhi? Idha – bhikkhu sace ākaṅkhati ‘paṭikkūle appaṭikkūlasaññī vihareyya’nti, appaṭikkūlasaññī tattha viharati…pe… upekkhako tattha viharati sato sampajāno’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.17). Ayañhi cetovasippattānaṃ ariyānaṃyeva sambhavato ariyā iddhīti vuccati.
已对照

因为具足这[神通]的漏尽比丘,于厌恶的、不可喜的事物上,作慈遍满或界作意,便住于不厌恶想。于不厌恶的、可喜的事物上,作不净遍满或「无常」之作意,便住于厌恶想。同样,于厌恶与不厌恶[的事物]上,作那同一慈遍满或界作意,便住于不厌恶想。而于不厌恶与厌恶[的事物]上,作那同一不净遍满或「无常」之作意,便住于厌恶想。而令以「以眼见色后,既不喜悦」等方式所说的六支舍转起时,于厌恶与不厌恶中,避开那两者,住于舍,具念、正知。因为在《无碍解道》中,以「如何于厌恶[所缘]住于不厌恶想?于不可喜的事物以慈遍满,或依界而引向[观察]」等方式(《无碍解道》3.17),所分别的正是此义。这[神通]唯在已得心自在的圣者们那里才有,故称为圣神通。

Etāya hi samannāgato khīṇāsavo bhikkhu paṭikkūle aniṭṭhe vatthusmiṃ mettāpharaṇaṃ vā dhātumanasikāraṃ vā karonto appaṭikkūlasaññī viharati. Appaṭikkūle iṭṭhe vatthusmiṃ asubhapharaṇaṃ vā aniccanti manasikāraṃ vā karonto paṭikkūlasaññī viharati. Tathā paṭikkūlāpaṭikkūlesu tadeva mettāpharaṇaṃ vā dhātumanasikāraṃ vā karonto appaṭikkūlasaññī viharati. Appaṭikkūlapaṭikkūlesu ca tadeva asubhapharaṇaṃ vā aniccanti manasikāraṃ vā karonto paṭikkūlasaññī viharati. Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hotītiādinā nayena vuttaṃ pana chaḷaṅgupekkhaṃ pavattayamāno paṭikkūle ca appaṭikkūle ca tadubhayaṃ abhinivajjitvā upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Paṭisambhidāyañhi ‘‘kathaṃ paṭikkūle appaṭikkūlasaññī viharati? Aniṭṭhasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ mettāya vā pharati dhātuso vā upasaṃharatī’’tiādinā (paṭi. ma. 3.17) nayena ayameva attho vibhatto. Ayaṃ cetovasippattānaṃ ariyānaṃyeva sambhavato ariyā iddhīti vuccati.
376缅 2.11已对照

三百七十六、而鸟等的空中行走等,名为业异熟生神通。即如所说:「什么是业异熟生神通?一切鸟、一切天、一部分人与一部分堕处者的——这是业异熟生神通。」(《无碍解道》3.18)因为此中,一切鸟不需禅那或观,就能在空中行走。一切天以及劫初的一部分人也是如此。同样,毗扬伽罗之母(《相应部》1.240)、夜叉女优多罗之母、富沙密多、法护等,如是一部分堕处者在空中行走,是业异熟生神通。

376. Pakkhīādīnaṃ pana vehāsagamanādikā kammavipākajā iddhi nāma. Yathāha – ‘‘katamā kammavipākajā iddhi? Sabbesaṃ pakkhīnaṃ sabbesaṃ devānaṃ ekaccānaṃ manussānaṃ ekaccānañca vinipātikānaṃ ayaṃ kammavipākajā iddhī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.18). Ettha hi sabbesaṃ pakkhīnaṃ jhānaṃ vā vipassanaṃ vā vināyeva ākāsena gamanaṃ. Tathā sabbesaṃ devānaṃ paṭhamakappikānañca ekaccānaṃ manussānaṃ. Tathā piyaṅkaramātā (saṃ. ni. 1.240) yakkhinī uttaramātā phussamittā dhammaguttāti evamādīnaṃ ekaccānaṃ vinipātikānaṃ ākāsena gamanaṃ kammavipākajā iddhīti.
377已对照

三百七十七、而转轮王等的空中行走等,名为有福者的神通。即如所说:「什么是有福者的神通?转轮王与四支军队一起在空中行走,甚至连马夫、牛夫之人也包括在内。树提居士的有福者的神通;阇提罗居士的有福者的神通;瞿师罗居士的有福者的神通;美达迦居士的有福者的神通;五大福者的有福者的神通。」而简略地说,于福德资粮已达成熟时所成就的殊胜,[即]有福者的神通。

377. Cakkavattiādīnaṃ vehāsagamanādikā pana puññavato iddhi nāma. Yathāha ‘‘katamā puññavato iddhi? Rājā cakkavattī vehāsaṃ gacchati saddhiṃ caturaṅginiyā senāya antamaso assabandhagobandhapurise upādāya. Jotikassa gahapatissa puññavato iddhi. Jaṭilakassa gahapatissa puññavato iddhi. Ghositassa gahapatissa puññavato iddhi. Meṇḍakassa gahapatissa puññavato iddhi. Pañcannaṃ mahāpuññānaṃ puññavato iddhī’’ti. Saṅkhepato pana paripākaṃ gate puññasambhāre ijjhanakaviseso puññavato iddhi.
缅 2.12已对照

而此中,于树提居士,裂地涌出摩尼宫殿,还有六十四棵如意树——这是他的有福者的神通。于阇提罗,生出八十肘高的金山。于瞿师罗,虽在七处被[人]为杀害而加害,却无病,是有福者的神通。于美达迦,在仅一迦利沙(karīsa)大小之地,出现七宝所成的羊,是有福者的神通。所谓五大福者,即美达迦长者、他的妻子旃陀钵头摩悉利(Candapadumasirī)、儿子檀那阇耶长者、儿媳苏摩那夫人、名叫富楼那的奴仆。其中,长者洗过头、仰望天空时,从空中[降下]红稻,装满一万二千五百座谷仓。妻子即使只拿一那利(nāḷi)量的饭,分给全阎浮提的居民,饭也不减少。儿子拿着千[钱]的钱袋,即使给全阎浮提的居民,迦利沙槃也不减少。儿媳拿着一斗(tumba)稻谷,即使分给全阎浮提的居民,谷也不减少。奴仆以一犁耕地时,这边七[道]、那边七[道],成为十四道犁沟。这是他们的有福者的神通。

Ettha ca jotikassa gahapatissa pathaviṃ bhinditvā maṇipāsādo uṭṭhahi. Catusaṭṭhi ca kapparukkhāti ayamassa puññavato iddhi. Jaṭilakassa asītihattho suvaṇṇapabbato nibbatti. Ghositassa sattasu ṭhānesu māraṇatthāya upakkame katepi arogabhāvo puññavato iddhi. Meṇḍakassa ekakarīsamatte padese sattaratanamayānaṃ meṇḍakānaṃ pātubhāvo puññavato iddhi. Pañca mahāpuññā nāma meṇḍakaseṭṭhi, tassa bhariyā candapadumasirī, putto dhanañcayaseṭṭhi, suṇisā sumanadevī, dāso puṇṇo nāmāti. Tesu seṭṭhissa sīsaṃ nhātassa ākāsaṃ ullokanakāle aḍḍhateḷasakoṭṭhasahassāni ākāsato rattasālīnaṃ pūrenti. Bhariyāya nāḷikodanamattampi gahetvā sakalajambudīpavāsike parivisamānāya bhattaṃ na khīyati. Puttassa sahassatthavikaṃ gahetvā sakalajambudīpavāsikānampi dentassa kahāpaṇā na khīyanti. Suṇisāya ekaṃ vīhitumbaṃ gahetvā sakalajambudīpavāsikānampi bhājayamānāya dhaññaṃ na khīyati. Dāsassa ekena naṅgalena kasato ito satta ito sattāti cuddasa maggā honti. Ayaṃ nesaṃ puññavato iddhi.
378已对照

三百七十八、而持明者等的空中行走等,[名为]明所成神通。即如所说:「什么是明所成神通?持明者念诵明咒之后,在空中行走,于空中、于虚空也显示象……乃至……也显示种种军阵。」(《无碍解道》3.18)

378. Vijjādharādīnaṃ vehāsagamanādikā pana vijjāmayā iddhi. Yathāha ‘‘katamā vijjāmayā iddhi? Vijjādharā vijjaṃ parijapitvā vehāsaṃ gacchanti. Ākāse antalikkhe hatthimpi dassenti…pe… vividhampi senābyūhaṃ dassentī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.18).
379已对照

三百七十九、而依彼彼正加行而有彼彼事业的成就,[名为]于各各处以正加行为缘、依成就之义的神通。即如所说:「由出离,欲欲之舍断义成就,故为于各各处以正加行为缘、依成就之义的神通……乃至……由阿罗汉道,一切烦恼之舍断义成就,故为于各各处以正加行为缘、依成就之义的神通。」(《无碍解道》3.18)而此中,为显示称为行道的正加行,[这段]圣典与前面的圣典相似而来。然而在义注中,则如此传来:依布置车阵等的方式,任何技艺之业、任何医术之业,学取三吠陀,学取三藏,甚至包括耕地、播种等,作了彼彼事业而产生的殊胜,就是于各各处以正加行为缘、依成就之义的神通。(10)

379. Tena tena pana sammāpayogena tassa tassa kammassa ijjhanaṃ tattha tattha sammāpayogapaccayā ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhi. Yathāha – ‘‘nekkhammena kāmacchandassa pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti tattha tattha sammāpayogapaccayā ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhi…pe… arahattamaggena sabbakilesānaṃ pahānaṭṭho ijjhatīti tattha tattha sammāpayogapaccayā ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.18). Ettha ca paṭipattisaṅkhātasseva sammāpayogassa dīpanavasena purimapāḷisadisāva pāḷi āgatā. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana sakaṭabyūhādikaraṇavasena yaṃkiñci sippakammaṃ yaṃkiñci vejjakammaṃ tiṇṇaṃ bedānaṃ uggahaṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ uggahaṇaṃ antamaso kasanavapanādīni upādāya taṃ taṃ kammaṃ katvā nibbattaviseso tattha tattha sammāpayogapaccayā ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhīti āgatā. (10)
已对照

如是,在这十种神通中,于「于种种神变(iddhividhāya)」这一语里,所来的唯是决意神通。然而于此义中,变化神通与意所成神通也是必须[包括]的。

Iti imāsu dasasu iddhīsu iddhividhāyāti imasmiṃ pade adhiṭṭhānā iddhiyeva āgatā. Imasmiṃ panatthe vikubbanāmanomayāiddhiyopi icchitabbā eva.
380缅 2.13已对照

三百八十、「于种种神变(iddhividhāya)」者:即于神通之部分,或神通之类别。「引导心、使心转向(cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti)」者:那比丘依所说的方式,当那心已成为神通之基础时,为证得神变而引导遍作心,使之离开遍的所缘,送向神变的方向。「使心转向(abhininnāmeti)」者:使[心]倾向所应证得的神通、朝向神通。「他(so)」者:即如是已作了引导心的那比丘。「多种(anekavihitaṃ)」者:即非一类的、种种类别的。「神变(iddhividhaṃ)」者:即神通之部分。「体验(paccanubhoti)」者:即体验、触、作证、达到——此是其义。如今,[世尊]为显示它的多种之性,说了「一身」等语。此中,「一身(ekopi hutvā)」者:即在作神通之前,本来是一身。「能变成多身(bahudhā hoti)」者:即想在许多[化身]之旁经行,或想作诵习,或想提问,便成为百[身]、千[身]。那么,他如何这样成为呢?是圆满了神通的四地、四足、八步与十六根本之后,以智决意时。

380. Iddhividhāyāti iddhikoṭṭhāsāya, iddhivikappāya vā. Cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmetīti so bhikkhu vuttappakāravasena tasmiṃ citte abhiññāpādake jāte iddhividhādhigamatthāya parikammacittaṃ abhinīharati kasiṇārammaṇato apanetvā iddhividhābhimukhaṃ peseti. Abhininnāmetīti adhigantabbaiddhipoṇaṃ iddhipabbhāraṃ karoti. Soti so evaṃ katacittābhinīhāro bhikkhu. Anekavihitanti anekavidhaṃ nānappakārakaṃ. Iddhividhanti iddhikoṭṭhāsaṃ. Paccanubhotīti paccanubhavati, phusati sacchikaroti pāpuṇātīti attho. Idānissa anekavihitabhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘ekopi hutvā’’tiādimāha. Tattha ekopi hutvāti iddhikaraṇato pubbe pakatiyā ekopi hutvā. Bahudhā hotīti bahūnaṃ santike caṅkamitukāmo vā sajjhāyaṃ vā kattukāmo pañhaṃ vā pucchitukāmo hutvā satampi sahassampi hoti. Kathaṃ panāyamevaṃ hoti? Iddhiyā catasso bhūmiyo cattāro pādā aṭṭha padāni soḷasa ca mūlāni sampādetvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhahanto.
381已对照

三百八十一、此中,「四地(catasso bhūmiyo)」者:应知是四禅。因为这已由法将说过:「神通的四地是什么?由远离所生地是初禅,喜乐地是第二禅,舍乐地是第三禅,不苦不乐地是第四禅。神通的这四地,导向神通的获得、神通的再获得、神通的变化、神通的生发、神通的自在、神通的无畏。」(《无碍解道》3.9)而此中,因为[修行者]由喜遍满与乐遍满,进入乐想与轻想,以轻快、柔软、适于作业之身而达到神通,所以前三禅依这理趣导向神通的获得,应知为资粮地。而第四禅则是获得神通的本地。

381. Tattha catasso bhūmiyoti cattāri jhānāni veditabbāni. Vuttañhetaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ‘‘iddhiyā katamā catasso bhūmiyo? Vivekajabhūmi paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ, pītisukhabhūmi dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ, upekkhāsukhabhūmi tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ, adukkhamasukhabhūmi catutthaṃ jhānaṃ. Iddhiyā imā catasso bhūmiyo iddhilābhāya iddhipaṭilābhāya iddhivikubbanatāya iddhivisavitāya iddhivasitāya iddhivesārajjāya saṃvattantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.9). Ettha ca purimāni tīṇi jhānāni yasmā pītipharaṇena ca sukhapharaṇena ca sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā lahumudukammaññakāyo iddhiṃ pāpuṇāti, tasmā iminā pariyāyena iddhilābhāya saṃvattanato sambhārabhūmiyoti veditabbāni. Catutthajjhānaṃ pana iddhilābhāya pakatibhūmiyeva.
382缅 2.14已对照

三百八十二、「四足(cattāro pādā)」者:应知是四神足。因为这已被说过:「神通的四足是什么?在此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行的神足;精进……心……修习具足审察定勤行的神足。神通的这四足,导向神通的获得……乃至……神通的无畏。」(《无碍解道》3.9)而此中,以欲为因、或以欲为增上的定,即「欲定」——这是以欲作之欲为增上而得的定的增语。成为勤的诸行,即「勤行」——这是成办四种作用的正勤精进的增语。「具足(samannāgataṃ)」者:即具备欲定与诸勤行。「神足(iddhipādaṃ)」者:或依成办的方式,即依成就之义;或依此方式——「众生由此而成就,成为兴盛、增长、达于殊胜者」——凡由此得名为「神」的、与神通心相应的欲定与诸勤行,[对它们]以依处之义而成为「足」的其余心、心所之聚,此是其义。因为这已被说过:「神足者,是如此[成就]者的受蕴……乃至……识蕴。」(《分别论》434)

382. Cattāro pādāti cattāro iddhipādā veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘iddhiyā katame cattāro pādā? Idha bhikkhu chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Vīriya… citta… vīmaṃsāsamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Iddhiyā ime cattāro pādā iddhilābhāya…pe… iddhivesārajjāya saṃvattantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.9). Ettha ca chandahetuko chandādhiko vā samādhi chandasamādhi. Kattukamyatāchandaṃ adhipatiṃ karitvā paṭiladdhasamādhissetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Padhānabhūtā saṅkhārā padhānasaṅkhārā. Catukiccasādhakassa sammappadhānavīriyassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Samannāgatanti chandasamādhinā ca padhānasaṅkhārehi ca upetaṃ. Iddhipādanti nipphattipariyāyena vā ijjhanaṭṭhena, ijjhanti etāya sattā iddhā vuddhā ukkaṃsagatā hontīti iminā vā pariyāyena iddhīti saṅkhaṃ gatānaṃ abhiññācittasampayuttānaṃ chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena pādabhūtaṃ sesacittacetasikarāsinti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘iddhipādoti tathābhūtassa vedanākkhandho…pe… viññāṇakkhandho’’ti (vibha. 434).
已对照

或者,以它而被到达,故为「足」;是被达到之义。神之足,[即]「神足」。这是欲等的增语。即如所说:「诸比丘,若比丘依止欲而得定,得心一境性——这称为欲定。他为令未生的恶……乃至……精勤——这些称为『勤行』。如是,这欲、这欲定、这些勤行——诸比丘,这称为『具足欲定勤行的神足』。」(《相应部》5.825)其余诸神足之义也应如是知。

Atha vā pajjate anenāti pādo. Pāpuṇīyatīti attho. Iddhiyā pādo iddhipādo. Chandādīnametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘chandañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nissāya labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassekaggataṃ, ayaṃ vuccati chandasamādhi. So anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ…pe… padahati, ime vuccanti padhānasaṅkhārā. Iti ayañca chando ayañca chandasamādhi ime ca padhānasaṅkhārā, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.825). Evaṃ sesiddhipādesupi attho veditabbo.
383已对照

三百八十三、「八步(aṭṭha padāni)」者:应知是欲等八[法]。因为这已被说过:「神通的八步是什么?比丘若依止欲而得定,得心一境性。欲不是定,定不是欲;欲是一,定是另一。比丘若依止精进……比丘若依止心……比丘若依止审察而得定,得心一境性。审察不是定,定不是审察;审察是一,定是另一。神通的这八步,导向神通的获得……乃至……神通的无畏。」(《无碍解道》3.9)因为此中,欲生起神通之欲,唯有与定结合在一起,才导向神通的获得;精进等也是如此。所以应知说了这八步。

383. Aṭṭha padānīti chandādīni aṭṭha veditabbāni. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘iddhiyā katamāni aṭṭha padāni? Chandañce bhikkhu nissāya labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassekaggataṃ. Chando na samādhi, samādhi na chando. Añño chando, añño samādhi. Vīriyañce bhikkhu… cittañce bhikkhu… vīmaṃsañce bhikkhu nissāya labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassekaggataṃ. Vīmaṃsā na samādhi, samādhi na vīmaṃsā. Aññā vīmaṃsā, añño samādhi. Iddhiyā imāni aṭṭha padāni iddhilābhāya…pe… iddhivesārajjāya saṃvattantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.9). Ettha hi iddhimuppādetukāmatāchando samādhinā ekato niyuttova iddhilābhāya saṃvattati; tathā vīriyādayo. Tasmā imāni aṭṭha padāni vuttānīti veditabbāni.
384缅 2.15已对照

三百八十四、「十六根(soḷasa mūlāni)」者:应知心依十六种行相而不动(āneñjatā)。因为这已被说过:「神通(iddhi)有几根?有十六根:不低下(anonata)的心不为懈怠所动摇,故为不动(āneñja);不高举(anunnata)的心不为掉举所动摇,故为不动;不倾向(anabhinata)的心不为贪所动摇,故为不动;不背向(anapanata)的心不为瞋恚所动摇,故为不动;不依止(anissita)的心不为见所动摇,故为不动;不系缚(appaṭibaddha)的心不为欲贪(chandarāga)所动摇,故为不动;脱离(vippamutta)的心不为欲贪(kāmarāga)所动摇,故为不动;离系(visaṃyutta)的心不为烦恼所动摇,故为不动;无界限(vimariyādikata)的心不为烦恼的界限所动摇,故为不动;趋于一性(ekattagata)的心不为种种性的烦恼所动摇,故为不动;为信所摄持的心不为不信所动摇,故为不动;为精进所摄持的心不为懈怠所动摇,故为不动;为念所摄持的心不为放逸所动摇,故为不动;为定所摄持的心不为掉举所动摇,故为不动;为慧所摄持的心不为无明所动摇,故为不动;已成光明(obhāsagata)的心不为无明之暗所动摇,故为不动。神通的这十六根,导向神通的获得……乃至……神通的无所畏(vesārajja)。」(《无碍解道》3.9)

384. Soḷasa mūlānīti soḷasahi ākārehi āneñjatā cittassa veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘iddhiyā kati mūlāni? Soḷasa mūlāni – anonataṃ cittaṃ kosajje na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, anunnataṃ cittaṃ uddhacce na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, anabhinataṃ cittaṃ rāge na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, anapanataṃ cittaṃ byāpāde na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, anissitaṃ cittaṃ diṭṭhiyā na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, appaṭibaddhaṃ cittaṃ chandarāge na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, vippamuttaṃ cittaṃ kāmarāge na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, visaṃyuttaṃ cittaṃ kilese na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, vimariyādikataṃ cittaṃ kilesamariyāde na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, ekattagataṃ cittaṃ nānattakilese na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, saddhāya pariggahitaṃ cittaṃ assaddhiye na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, vīriyena pariggahitaṃ cittaṃ kosajje na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, satiyā pariggahitaṃ cittaṃ pamāde na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, samādhinā pariggahitaṃ cittaṃ uddhacce na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, paññāya pariggahitaṃ cittaṃ avijjāya na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ, obhāsagataṃ cittaṃ avijjandhakāre na iñjatīti āneñjaṃ. Iddhiyā imāni soḷasa mūlāni iddhilābhāya…pe… iddhivesārajjāya saṃvattantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.9).
已对照

这层义虽然以「当[他的]心如此得定(evaṃ samāhite citte)」等语也已经成立,但为了显示初禅等是神通的地、足、步、根之性,才再次说[它]。前者是诸经中所出的方法,这是《无碍解道》中的[方法]。如是,也是为了于两处都不迷惑而再次说的。

Kāmañca esa attho evaṃ samāhite cittetiādināpi siddhoyeva, paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ pana iddhiyā bhūmipādapadamūlabhāvadassanatthaṃ puna vutto. Purimo ca suttesu āgatanayo. Ayaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ. Iti ubhayattha asammohatthampi puna vutto.
385已对照

三百八十五、「以智决意(ñāṇena adhiṭṭhahanto)」者:他成就了这些作为神通之地、足、步的诸法之后,入于作为神通之基础的禅那(abhiññāpādakajjhāna),出起之后,若想要[成为]一百,便作「我要成为一百,我要成为一百」的遍作(parikamma),再入于作为神通之基础的禅那,出起之后决意;与决意心一起,便成为一百。一千等也是这个方法。若这样不成就,应再作遍作,第二次也入[定],出起之后决意。因为在《相应部义注》中说:「入[定]一次、两次都是可以的。」此中,基础禅(pādakajjhāna)之心以相为所缘。遍作心以一百为所缘,或以一千为所缘;而那是依容色,不是依施设(paṇṇatti)。决意心也同样以一百为所缘,或以一千为所缘。它犹如前面所说的安止心,紧接种姓之后只生起一个,属色界第四禅。

385. Ñāṇena adhiṭṭhahantoti svāyamete iddhiyā bhūmipādapadabhūte dhamme sampādetvā abhiññāpādakaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya sace sataṃ icchati ‘‘sataṃ homi sataṃ homī’’ti parikammaṃ katvā puna abhiññāpādakaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya adhiṭṭhāti, adhiṭṭhānacittena saheva sataṃ hoti. Sahassādīsupi eseva nayo. Sace evaṃ na ijjhati puna parikammaṃ katvā dutiyampi samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Saṃyuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ hi ekavāraṃ dvevāraṃ samāpajjituṃ vaṭṭatīti vuttaṃ. Tattha pādakajjhānacittaṃ nimittārammaṇaṃ. Parikammacittāni satārammaṇāni vā sahassārammaṇāni vā, tāni ca kho vaṇṇavasena, no paṇṇattivasena. Adhiṭṭhānacittampi tatheva satārammaṇaṃ vā sahassārammaṇaṃ vā. Taṃ pubbe vuttaṃ appanācittamiva gotrabhuanantaraṃ ekameva uppajjati rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānikaṃ.
386缅 2.16已对照

三百八十六、而在《无碍解道》中所说的「本来是一[身],转向多[身]——或一百,或一千,或十万;转向之后,以智决意『我要成为多[身]』,便成为多[身],犹如具寿周利槃特(Cūḷapanthaka)」(《无碍解道》3.10),在那里,「转向」也是就遍作而说的;「转向之后,以智决意」是就神通智(abhiññāñāṇa)而说的。所以,此中的义应这样见:他转向多[身],然后在那些遍作心的终了时入[定],从等至出起之后,再转向「我要成为多[身]」;此后转起了三个或四个前分心,他便以紧接于其后生起的、依作成决定而得「决意」之名的唯一一个神通智而决意。

而所说的「犹如具寿周利槃特」,那是为了显示多身之性的身证者(kāyasakkhi)而说的。而那应以故事来阐明。相传那两兄弟因生在路上(panthe)而得名「槃特(panthaka)」。他们之中的兄长是大槃特(Mahāpanthaka),他出家后连同诸无碍解证得了阿罗汉[果]。成为阿罗汉之后,他令周利槃特出家,——

「犹如芬芳的莲花——红莲(kokanada),清晨时会开放,香气未散;

请看光辉照耀的鸯耆罗娑(aṅgīrasa),犹如空中炽热的太阳。」(《增支部》5.195)——

授给了[他]这首偈。他四个月都不能使它纯熟。于是长老[说]「你在教法中是无能者」,把他赶出了寺。那时长老是分配饭食者(bhattuddesaka)。耆婆(Jīvaka)来到长老那里,说:「尊者,明天请带着五百位比丘,与世尊一起在我们家受食。」长老也[说]「除了周利槃特,我为其余的[比丘]接受」,便接受了。

周利槃特站在门屋里哭泣。世尊以天眼见了他,走到他那里,说:「你为什么哭?」他讲述了那经过。世尊[说]:「不能诵习的人,在我的教法中并不就名为无能者。比丘,不要忧愁。」便抓住他的手臂,进入寺中,以神通化作一块布片给了[他],[说]:「来,比丘,你一边抚拭这[布片],一边反复诵习『除尘、除尘』。」他这样做时,那[布片]变成了黑色。他得到了这样的想:「布是遍净的,这里没有过失;这过失是属于自体的。」便把智降入五蕴,增长观,使[观]经随顺而到达种姓的近旁。于是世尊对他说了放光偈(obhāsagāthā)——

「贪是尘,而尘土不称为[尘],

「尘」是贪的增语;

诸智者舍断了这尘,

他们住于离尘者的教法中。」

「瞋……乃至……」

「痴是尘,而尘土不称为[尘],

「尘」是痴的增语;

诸智者舍断了这尘,

他们住于离尘者的教法中。」(《大义释》209)

在偈终了时,以四无碍解、六神通为随从的九出世间法,犹如都已到了他的手中。

导师第二天与比丘僧团一起前往耆婆家。于是在奉施之水[注]毕、正要供粥时,[导师]用手盖住了钵。耆婆问:「尊者,怎么了?」「寺里还有一位比丘。」他派了一个人去:「去吧,把圣者带来,快来。」而当世尊从寺出发之后,——

「槃特把自己化作千重,

坐在可爱的芒果林中,直到报时[来到]。」(《长老偈》563)

于是那人去了,见到园中因袈裟而成一片光亮,回来说:「尊者,园中满是比丘,我不知道那位圣者是哪一位。」于是世尊对他说:「去吧,你最先看见的那一位,抓住他的衣角,说『导师召唤你』,把他带来。」他去了,抓住的正是长老本人的衣角。当下所有化作的[比丘]都消失了。长老[说]「你去吧」,把他打发走,做完洗脸等照料身体之事,比[他]先到,坐在[为他]备好的座位上。就此而说「犹如具寿周利槃特」。

此中,那许多化作的[比丘],由于是未加限定而化作的,便与有神通者相同:在站、坐等中,或在说话、沉默等中,有神通者做什么,他们就做那个。但若想作出种种形貌——有些在初年,有些在中年,有些在后年;同样,长发的、半剃的、全剃的、杂发的、半染衣的、黄褐衣的,作诵句、说法、吟诵、问难、答难、染[衣]、煮[染汁]、缝衣、洗[衣]等的;或者想作出其他种种差别——他就应从基础禅出起,以「这么多比丘要处于初年」等方式作遍作,再入定,出起后决意。与决意心一起,[他们]就正成为所欲的那种样子。在「多身能合成一身」等[语]中,也是这个方法。

但这是差别:这比丘如是化作多身之后,或者又想「我要独自一人去经行、诵习、问问题」,或者由于少欲[而想]:「这寺比丘少,若有人来,[会想]『这么多一模一样的比丘是从哪里来的?这必定是长老的威力』,便会知道我」,[因而]在[所限定的时间]之内希望「我要成为一身」时,就应入于基础禅,出起之后,作「我要成为一身」的遍作,再入[定],出起之后决意「我要成为一身」。与决意心一起,他就成为一身。而不这样做的,则依所限定的时间,自然成为一身。

386. Yampi paṭisambhidāyaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘pakatiyā eko bahukaṃ āvajjati sataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā satasahassaṃ vā, āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti ‘bahuko homī’ti, bahuko hoti, yathā āyasmā cūḷapanthako’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.10). Tatrāpi āvajjatīti parikammavaseneva vuttaṃ. Āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhātīti abhiññāñāṇavasena vuttaṃ. Tasmā bahukaṃ āvajjati, tato tesampi parikammacittānaṃ avasāne samāpajjati, samāpattito vuṭṭhahitvā puna bahuko homīti āvajjitvā tato paraṃ pavattānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ catunnaṃ vā pubbabhāgacittānaṃ anantarā uppannena sanniṭṭhāpanavasena adhiṭṭhānanti laddhanāmena ekeneva abhiññāñāṇena adhiṭṭhātīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.
Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘yathā āyasmā cūḷapanthako’’ti, taṃ bahudhābhāvassa kāyasakkhidassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Taṃ pana vatthunā dīpetabbaṃ. Te kira dvebhātaro panthe jātattā panthakāti nāmaṃ labhiṃsu. Tesaṃ jeṭṭho mahāpanthako, so pabbajitvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Arahā hutvā cūḷapanthakaṃ pabbājetvā –
Padumaṃ yathā kokanadaṃ sugandhaṃ, pāto siyā phullamavītagandhaṃ;
Aṅgīrasaṃ passa virocamānaṃ, tapantamādiccamivantalikkheti. (a. ni. 5.195) –
Imaṃ gāthaṃ adāsi. So taṃ catūhi māsehi paguṇaṃ kātuṃ nāsakkhi. Atha naṃ thero abhabbo tvaṃ sāsaneti vihārato nīhari. Tasmiñca kāle thero bhattuddesako hoti. Jīvako theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘sve, bhante, bhagavatā saddhiṃ pañcabhikkhusatāni gahetvā amhākaṃ gehe bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti āha. Theropi ṭhapetvā cūḷapanthakaṃ sesānaṃ adhivāsemīti adhivāsesi.
Cūḷapanthako dvārakoṭṭhake ṭhatvā rodati. Bhagavā dibbacakkhunā disvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā kasmā rodasīti āha. So taṃ pavattimācikkhi. Bhagavā na sajjhāyaṃ kātuṃ asakkonto mama sāsane abhabbo nāma hoti, mā soci bhikkhūti taṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā iddhiyā pilotikakhaṇḍaṃ abhinimminitvā adāsi, handa bhikkhu imaṃ parimajjanto rajoharaṇaṃ rajoharaṇanti punappunaṃ sajjhāyaṃ karohīti. Tassa tathā karoto taṃ kāḷavaṇṇaṃ ahosi. So parisuddhaṃ vatthaṃ, natthettha doso, attabhāvassa panāyaṃ dosoti saññaṃ paṭilabhitvā pañcasu khandhesu ñāṇaṃ otāretvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā anulomato gotrabhusamīpaṃ pāpesi. Athassa bhagavā obhāsagāthā abhāsi –
‘‘Rāgo rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati,
Rāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ rajoti;
Etaṃ rajaṃ vippajahitvā paṇḍitā,
Viharanti te vigatarajassa sāsane.
‘‘Doso …pe….
‘‘Moho rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati,
Mohassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ rajoti;
Etaṃ rajaṃ vippajahitvā paṇḍitā,
Viharanti te vigatarajassa sāsane’’ti. (mahāni. 209);
Tassa gāthāpariyosāne catupaṭisambhidāchaḷabhiññāparivārā nava lokuttaradhammā hatthagatāva ahesuṃ.
Satthā dutiyadivase jīvakassa gehaṃ agamāsi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Atha dakkhiṇodakāvasāne yāguyā diyyamānāya hatthena pattaṃ pidahi. Jīvako kiṃ bhanteti pucchi. Vihāre eko bhikkhu atthīti. So purisaṃ pesesi ‘‘gaccha, ayyaṃ gahetvā sīghaṃ ehī’’ti. Vihārato nikkhante pana bhagavati,
Sahassakkhattumattānaṃ, nimminitvāna panthako;
Nisīdambavane ramme, yāva kālappavedanāti. (theragā. 563);
Atha so puriso gantvā kāsāvehi ekapajjotaṃ ārāmaṃ disvā āgantvā bhikkhūhi bharito bhante ārāmo, nāhaṃ jānāmi katamo so ayyoti āha. Tato naṃ bhagavā āha ‘‘gaccha yaṃ paṭhamaṃ passasi, taṃ cīvarakaṇṇe gahetvā ‘satthā taṃ āmantetī’ti vatvā ānehī’’ti. So taṃ gantvā therasseva cīvarakaṇṇe aggahesi. Tāvadeva sabbepi nimmitā antaradhāyiṃsu. Thero ‘‘gaccha tva’’nti taṃ uyyojetvā mukhadhovanādisarīrakiccaṃ niṭṭhapetvā paṭhamataraṃ gantvā pattāsane nisīdi. Idaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘yathā āyasmā cūḷapanthako’’ti.
Tatra ye te bahū nimmitā te aniyametvā nimmitattā iddhimatā sadisāva honti. Ṭhānanisajjādīsu vā bhāsitatuṇhībhāvādīsu vā yaṃ yaṃ iddhimā karoti, taṃ tadeva karonti. Sace pana nānāvaṇṇe kātukāmo hoti, keci paṭhamavaye, keci majjhimavaye, keci pacchimavaye, tathā dīghakese, upaḍḍhamuṇḍe, muṇḍe, missakese, upaḍḍharattacīvare, paṇḍukacīvare, padabhāṇadhammakathāsarabhaññapañhapucchanapañhavissajjanarajanapacanacīvarasibbanadhovanādīni karonte aparepi vā nānappakārake kātukāmo hoti, tena pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ettakā bhikkhū paṭhamavayā hontūtiādinā nayena parikammaṃ katvā puna samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Adhiṭṭhānacittena saddhiṃ icchiticchitappakārāyeva hontīti. Esa nayo bahudhāpi hutvā eko hotītiādīsu.
Ayaṃ pana viseso, iminā bhikkhunā evaṃ bahubhāvaṃ nimminitvā puna ‘‘ekova hutvā caṅkamissāmi, sajjhāyaṃ karissāmi, pañhaṃ pucchissāmī’’ti cintetvā vā, ‘‘ayaṃ vihāro appabhikkhuko, sace keci āgamissanti ‘kuto ime ettakā ekasadisā bhikkhū, addhā therassa esa ānubhāvo’ti maṃ jānissantī’’ti appicchatāya vā antarāva ‘‘eko homī’’ti icchantena pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘eko homī’’ti parikammaṃ katvā puna samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘eko homī’’ti adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Adhiṭṭhānacittena saddhiṃyeva eko hoti. Evaṃ akaronto pana yathā paricchinnakālavasena sayameva eko hoti.
387已对照

三百八十七、「或显现,或隐没(āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ)」此中:「作显现、作隐没」——此是其义。因为正是就此而在《无碍解道》中说:「『显现』,即不被任何[东西]遮蔽、不被覆盖、敞开、明显。『隐没』,即被某[东西]遮蔽、被覆盖、被掩盖、被罩住。」(《无碍解道》3.11)此中,这有神通者想作显现时,把黑暗作成光明,或把被覆盖的作成敞开的,或把不在视域的作成在视域的。怎样[作]呢?因为他想使自己或他人即使被覆盖、或即使站在远处也能被看见,便从基础禅出起,转向「让这黑暗之处成为光明」,或「让这被覆盖的成为敞开的」,或「让这不在视域的成为在视域的」,作了遍作之后,依所说的方式决意。与决意心一起,便正如所决意的那样成就。别人即使站在远处也看得见。他自己想看也看得见。

387. Āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvanti ettha āvibhāvaṃ karoti tirobhāvaṃ karotīti ayamattho. Idameva hi sandhāya paṭisambhidāyaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘āvibhāvanti kenaci anāvaṭaṃ hoti appaṭicchannaṃ vivaṭaṃ pākaṭaṃ. Tirobhāvanti kenaci āvaṭaṃ hoti paṭicchannaṃ pihitaṃ paṭikujjita’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.11). Tatrāyaṃ iddhimā āvibhāvaṃ kātukāmo andhakāraṃ vā ālokaṃ karoti, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivaṭaṃ, anāpāthaṃ vā āpāthaṃ karoti. Kathaṃ? Ayañhi yathā paṭicchannopi dūre ṭhitopi vā dissati, evaṃ attānaṃ vā paraṃ vā kātukāmo pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya idaṃ andhakāraṭṭhānaṃ ālokajātaṃ hotūti vā, idaṃ paṭicchannaṃ vivaṭaṃ hotūti vā, idaṃ anāpāthaṃ āpāthaṃ hotūti vā āvajjitvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhāti, saha adhiṭṭhānacittena yathādhiṭṭhitameva hoti. Pare dūre ṭhitāpi passanti. Sayampi passitukāmo passati.
388缅 2.19已对照

三百八十八、这示导(pāṭihāriya)以前有谁作过呢?世尊。因为世尊受小须跋陀(Cūḷasubhaddā)邀请,以毗首羯磨(Vissakamma)所化造的五百座尖顶屋,从舍卫城前往[相距]七由旬之内的娑鸡多(Sāketa)时,决意使娑鸡多城的居民看见舍卫城的居民、舍卫城的居民看见娑鸡多城的居民。又降落在城中央,把大地分裂为二,显示直到无间[地狱];把虚空分开为二,显示直到梵天界。

388. Etaṃ pana pāṭihāriyaṃ kena katapubbanti? Bhagavatā. Bhagavā hi cūḷasubhaddāya nimantito vissakammunā nimmitehi pañcahi kūṭāgārasatehi sāvatthito sattayojanabbhantaraṃ sāketaṃ gacchanto yathā sāketanagaravāsino sāvatthivāsike, sāvatthivāsino ca sāketavāsike passanti, evaṃ adhiṭṭhāsi. Nagaramajjhe ca otaritvā pathaviṃ dvidhā bhinditvā yāva avīciṃ ākāsañca dvidhā viyūhitvā yāva brahmalokaṃ dassesi.
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又应以[世尊]从天下降[之事]来阐明此义。相传世尊作了双神变(yamakapāṭihāriya),使八万四千生类从系缚中解脱之后,转向「过去诸佛在双神变终了时去了哪里」,见到「去了三十三天宫」。于是以一足踏上地面,把第二[足]安放在持双山(Yugandhara)上,又提起前一足,踏上须弥山(Sineru)顶,在那里的黄褐毛毯石(paṇḍukambalasilā)面上入雨安居,从开头起为集会的一万轮围界的天神开始讲阿毗达摩论。到了行乞之时,[世尊]化作化佛。那[化佛]说法。世尊嚼了那伽藤齿木,在阿耨达池(Anotatta)洗了脸,在北俱卢洲(Uttarakuru)取得团食,在阿耨达池岸边受用。舍利弗(Sāriputta)长老到那里礼敬世尊。世尊[说]「今天我说了这么多法」,给长老方法。如是三个月不间断地讲阿毗达摩论。听了那[论],八十俱胝天神有了法现观。

Devorohaṇenapi ca ayamattho vibhāvetabbo. Bhagavā kira yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā caturāsītipāṇasahassāni bandhanā pamocetvā atītā buddhā yamakapāṭihāriyāvasāne kuhiṃ gatāti āvajjitvā tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ gatāti addasa. Athekena pādena pathavītalaṃ akkamitvā dutiyaṃ yugandharapabbate patiṭṭhapetvā puna purimapādaṃ uddharitvā sinerumatthakaṃ akkamitvā tattha paṇḍukambalasilātale vassaṃ upagantvā sannipatitānaṃ dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatānaṃ ādito paṭṭhāya abhidhammakathaṃ ārabhi. Bhikkhācāravelāya nimmitabuddhaṃ māpesi. So dhammaṃ deseti. Bhagavā nāgalatādantakaṭṭhaṃ khāditvā anotattadahe mukhaṃ dhovitvā uttarakurūsu piṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā anotattadahatīre paribhuñjati. Sāriputtatthero tattha gantvā bhagavantaṃ vandati. Bhagavā ajja ettakaṃ dhammaṃ desesinti therassa nayaṃ deti. Evaṃ tayo māse abbocchinnaṃ abhidhammakathaṃ kathesi. Taṃ sutvā asītikoṭidevatānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
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在双神变时集会的十二由旬的会众,也[想着]「见了世尊才走」,便结营而住。小给孤独长者(Cūḷaanāthapiṇḍika)独自以一切资具供养他们。人们为了知道「世尊在哪里」,请求阿那律(Anuruddha)长老。长老扩展光明,以天眼看见了;见到世尊在那里入了雨安居,便告知[他们]。

Yamakapāṭihāriye sannipatitāpi dvādasayojanā parisā bhagavantaṃ passitvāva gamissāmāti khandhāvāraṃ bandhitvā aṭṭhāsi. Taṃ cūḷaanāthapiṇḍikaseṭṭhiyeva sabbapaccayehi upaṭṭhāsi. Manussā kuhiṃ bhagavāti jānanatthāya anuruddhattheraṃ yāciṃsu. Thero ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā addasa dibbena cakkhunā tattha vassūpagataṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā ārocesi.
缅 2.20已对照

他们为了礼敬世尊,请求大目犍连(Mahāmoggallāna)长老。长老就在会众当中没入大地,穿透须弥山,在如来足下一边礼敬世尊双足一边涌出,对世尊这样说:「尊者,阎浮提(Jambudīpa)的居民说:『我们要礼敬世尊双足、见了[世尊]才走。』」世尊说:「目犍连,你的兄长法将现在在哪里?」「尊者,在僧伽舍城(Saṅkassanagara)。」「目犍连,想见我的人,明天到僧伽舍城来吧;我明天在大自恣的月圆布萨日要降到僧伽舍城。」长老[说]「好的,尊者」,礼敬十力者,循来路下降,到达人们那里。并且在往返之时,他决意使人们看见他。这里,这暂且是大目犍连长老所作的显现示导(āvibhāvapāṭihāriya)。

Te bhagavato vandanatthāya mahāmoggallānattheraṃ yāciṃsu. Thero parisamajjheyeva mahāpathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā sinerupabbataṃ nibbijjhitvā tathāgatapādamūle bhagavato pāde vandamānova ummujjitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘jambudīpavāsino, bhante, bhagavato pāde vanditvā passitvāva gamissāmāti vadantī’’ti. Bhagavā āha ‘‘kuhiṃ pana te, moggallāna, etarahi jeṭṭhabhātā dhammasenāpatī’’ti? ‘‘Saṅkassanagare bhante’’ti. ‘‘Moggallāna, maṃ daṭṭhukāmā sve saṅkassanagaraṃ āgacchantu, ahaṃ sve mahāpavāraṇapuṇṇamāsīuposathadivase saṅkassanagare otarissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti thero dasabalaṃ vanditvā āgatamaggeneva oruyha manussānaṃ santikaṃ sampāpuṇi. Gamanāgamanakāle ca yathā naṃ manussā passanti, evaṃ adhiṭṭhāsi. Idaṃ tāvettha mahāmoggallānatthero āvibhāvapāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi.
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他如是回来,报告了那经过,说:「不要作『[路途]遥远』之想,吃了早饭就出发吧。」世尊告诉天王帝释(Sakka devarājā):「大王,我明天要去人间。」天王命令毗首羯磨:「孩子,明天世尊想去人间,你化造三道阶梯——一道金所成的,一道银所成的,一道摩尼所成的。」他就那样做了。世尊第二天站在须弥山顶,眺望东方世界,许多千个轮围都敞开,显现得犹如一片空旷。正如东方,西方、北方、南方也一样,他见到一切都敞开。向下直到无间[地狱],向上直到色究竟天宫,他都见到了。

So evaṃ āgato taṃ pavattiṃ ārocetvā ‘‘dūranti saññaṃ akatvā katapātarāsāva nikkhamathā’’ti āha. Bhagavā sakkassa devarañño ārocesi ‘‘mahārāja, sve manussalokaṃ gacchāmī’’ti. Devarājā vissakammaṃ āṇāpesi ‘‘tāta, sve bhagavā manussalokaṃ gantukāmo, tisso sopānapantiyo māpehi ekaṃ kanakamayaṃ, ekaṃ rajatamayaṃ, ekaṃ maṇimaya’’nti. So tathā akāsi. Bhagavā dutiyadivase sinerumuddhani ṭhatvā puratthimalokadhātuṃ olokesi, anekāni cakkavāḷasahassāni vivaṭāni hutvā ekaṅgaṇaṃ viya pakāsiṃsu. Yathā ca puratthimena, evaṃ pacchimenapi uttarenapi dakkhiṇenapi sabbaṃ vivaṭamaddasa. Heṭṭhāpi yāva avīci, upari yāva akaniṭṭhabhavanaṃ, tāva addasa.
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相传那一天名为「世间开显(lokavivaraṇa)」。人们看见诸天,诸天也看见人们。那时,人们不向上仰望,诸天也不向下俯视,大家都面对面地互相看见。世尊从中间的摩尼所成的阶梯下降,六欲界天的诸天从左边金所成的[阶梯],净居天众与大梵天从右边银所成的[阶梯]。天王持钵与衣,大梵天[持]三由旬的白伞,苏耶摩(Suyāma)[持]尾拂,乾闼婆子五髻(Pañcasikha gandhabbaputta)拿着约三俱卢舍的贝卢瓦黄色琵琶(beḷuvapaṇḍuvīṇā),供养着如来而下降。那一天,见了世尊而不生起对成佛的愿慕的众生,一个也没有。这里,这是世尊所作的显现示导。

Taṃ divasaṃ kira lokavivaraṇaṃ nāma ahosi. Manussāpi deve passanti, devāpi manusse. Tattha neva manussā uddhaṃ ullokenti, na devā adho olokenti, sabbe sammukhāva aññamaññaṃ passanti. Bhagavā majjhe maṇimayena sopānena otarati, chakāmāvacaradevā vāmapasse kanakamayena, suddhāvāsā ca mahābrahmā ca dakkhiṇapasse rajatamayena. Devarājā pattacīvaraṃ aggahesi, mahābrahmā tiyojanikaṃ setacchattaṃ, suyāmo vāḷabījaniṃ, pañcasikho gandhabbaputto tigāvutamattaṃ beḷuvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ gahetvā tathāgatassa pūjaṃ karonto otarati. Taṃdivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā buddhabhāvāya pihaṃ anuppādetvā ṭhitasatto nāma natthi. Idamettha bhagavā āvibhāvapāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi.
缅 2.21已对照

再者,在铜鍱洲(Tambapaṇṇidīpa),住陀楞伽罗的法施长老(Talaṅgaravāsī Dhammadinnatthera)也坐在帝须大寺(Tissamahāvihāra)的塔庙庭院中,讲说「诸比丘,具足三种法的比丘,是行于无误的行道者」的《无误经》(《增支部》3.16)时,把扇子朝下,直到无间[地狱]都成了一片空旷。然后把[扇子]朝上,直到梵天界都成了一片空旷。长老以地狱的怖畏威吓、以天界的安乐诱引而说法。有些人成为须陀洹,有些人成为斯陀含、阿那含、阿罗汉。

Apica tambapaṇṇidīpe talaṅgaravāsī dhammadinnattheropi tissamahāvihāre cetiyaṅgaṇasmiṃ nisīditvā ‘‘tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu apaṇṇakapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hotī’’ti apaṇṇakasuttaṃ (a. ni. 3.16) kathento heṭṭhāmukhaṃ bījaniṃ akāsi, yāva avīcito ekaṅgaṇaṃ ahosi. Tato uparimukhaṃ akāsi, yāva brahmalokā ekaṅgaṇaṃ ahosi. Thero nirayabhayena tajjetvā saggasukhena ca palobhetvā dhammaṃ desesi. Keci sotāpannā ahesuṃ, keci sakadāgāmī anāgāmī arahantoti.
389已对照

三百八十九、而想作隐没的,把光明作成黑暗,或把未被覆盖的作成被覆盖的,或把在视域的作成不在视域的。怎样[作]呢?因为他想使自己或他人即使未被覆盖、或即使站在近处也不被看见,便从基础禅出起,转向「让这光明之处成为黑暗」,或「让这未被覆盖的成为被覆盖的」,或「让这在视域的成为不在视域的」,作了遍作之后,依所说的方式决意。与决意心一起,便正如所决意的那样成就。别人即使站在近处也看不见。他自己不想看,也就看不见。

389. Tirobhāvaṃ kātukāmo pana ālokaṃ vā andhakāraṃ karoti, appaṭicchannaṃ vā paṭicchannaṃ, āpāthaṃ vā anāpāthaṃ karoti. Kathaṃ? Ayañhi yathā appaṭicchannopi samīpe ṭhitopi vā na dissati, evaṃ attānaṃ vā paraṃ vā kātukāmo pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘idaṃ ālokaṭṭhānaṃ andhakāraṃ hotū’’ti vā, ‘‘idaṃ appaṭicchannaṃ paṭicchannaṃ hotū’’ti vā, ‘‘idaṃ āpāthaṃ anāpāthaṃ hotū’’ti vā āvajjitvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhāti. Saha adhiṭṭhānacittena yathādhiṭṭhitameva hoti. Pare samīpe ṭhitāpi na passanti. Sayampi apassitukāmo na passati.
390缅 2.22已对照

三百九十、这示导以前有谁作过呢?世尊。因为世尊使良家子耶舍(Yasa kulaputta)虽就坐在近旁,他的父亲却看不见他。同样,[世尊]前往一百二十由旬迎接大劫宾那(Mahākappina),使他安住于阿那含果,使他的一千大臣安住于须陀洹果;又使随后循路而来、以一千女子为随从的阿那若王后(Anojā devī)来到之后,虽坐在近旁,也看不见国王及其随众;被问「尊者,您看见国王了吗?」时,[世尊说]:「你寻找国王好呢,还是[寻找]自己好?」她说了「尊者,[寻找]自己[好]」而坐下,[世尊]便那样为她说法,使她与一千女子一起安住于须陀洹果,大臣们[安住]于阿那含果,国王[安住]于阿罗汉[果]。再者,摩哂陀长老(Mahindatthera)在来到铜鍱洲之日,使国王看不见与自己同来的其余[诸人],也作了这[示导](《波罗夷义注》1〈第三次结集论〉)。

390. Etaṃ pana pāṭihāriyaṃ kena katapubbanti? Bhagavatā. Bhagavā hi yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ samīpe nisinnaṃyeva yathā naṃ pitā na passati, evamakāsi. Tathā vīsayojanasataṃ mahākappinassa paccuggamanaṃ katvā taṃ anāgāmiphale, amaccasahassañcassa sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāpetvā, tassa anumaggaṃ āgatā sahassitthiparivārā anojādevī āgantvā samīpe nisinnāpi yathā saparisaṃ rājānaṃ na passati, tathā katvā ‘‘api, bhante, rājānaṃ passathā’’ti vutte ‘‘kiṃ pana te rājānaṃ gavesituṃ varaṃ, udāhu attāna’’nti? ‘‘Attānaṃ, bhante’’ti vatvā nisinnāya tassā tathā dhammaṃ desesi, yathā sā saddhiṃ itthisahassena sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi, amaccā anāgāmiphale, rājā arahatteti. Apica tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ āgatadivase yathā attanā saddhiṃ āgate avasese rājā na passati, evaṃ karontena mahindattherenāpi idaṃ katameva (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.tatiyasaṅgītikathā).
391缅 2.23已对照

三百九十一、再者,一切明显的示导名为显现;不明显的示导名为隐没。此中,在明显的示导中,神通也可见,有神通者也[可见]。那应以双神变来阐明。因为在那里,如「此中,如来作不与诸弟子共的双神变:从上半身出火聚,从下半身出水流」(《无碍解道》1.116),如是两者都可见了。在不明显的示导中,只有神通可见,有神通者不[可见]。那应以《摩诃迦神变经》(《相应部》4.346)与《梵天邀请经》(《中部》1.501 等)来阐明。因为在那里,具寿摩诃迦(Mahaka)与世尊都只有神通可见,有神通者不[可见]。

即如所说——

「坐在一旁的质多居士(Citta gahapati)对具寿摩诃迦这样说:『善哉,尊者,愿圣者摩诃迦为我显现属于上人法的神变示导。』『那么,居士,你在门廊上铺开上衣,撒开一束草。』『是的,尊者。』质多居士应诺具寿摩诃迦之后,在门廊上铺开上衣,撒开一束草。于是,具寿摩诃迦进入寺,作了这样一种神通的造作(iddhābhisaṅkhāra),使得火焰从钥匙孔与门闩缝中出来,烧了诸草,却没有烧上衣。」(《相应部》4.346)

又如所说——

「诸比丘,于是我作了这样一种神通的造作——『就让梵天、梵众与诸梵众天只听得到我的声音,而看不见我。』隐没之后,我说了这首偈颂——

『我正是见了有中的怖畏,也[见了]求非有者[仍在]有中;

我不曾称扬任何有,也不曾执取喜(nandi)。』」(《中部》1.504)

391. Apica sabbampi pākaṭaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ āvibhāvaṃ nāma. Apākaṭapāṭihāriyaṃ tirobhāvaṃ nāma. Tattha pākaṭapāṭihāriye iddhipi paññāyati iddhimāpi. Taṃ yamakapāṭihāriyena dīpetabbaṃ. Tatra hi ‘‘idha tathāgato yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ karoti asādhāraṇaṃ sāvakehi. Uparimakāyato aggikkhandho pavattati, heṭṭhimakāyato udakadhārā pavattatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.116) evaṃ ubhayaṃ paññāyittha. Apākaṭapāṭihāriye iddhiyeva paññāyati, na iddhimā. Taṃ mahakasuttena (saṃ. ni. 4.346) ca brahmanimantanikasuttena (ma. ni. 1.501 ādayo) ca dīpetabbaṃ. Tatra hi āyasmato ca mahakassa, bhagavato ca iddhiyeva paññāyittha, na iddhimā.
Yathāha –
‘‘Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho citto gahapati āyasmantaṃ mahakaṃ etadavoca ‘sādhu me, bhante, ayyo mahako uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassetū’ti. Tena hi tvaṃ gahapati āḷinde uttarāsaṅgaṃ paññāpetvā tiṇakalāpaṃ okāsehīti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho citto gahapati āyasmato mahakassa paṭissutvā āḷinde uttarāsaṅgaṃ paññāpetvā tiṇakalāpaṃ okāsesi. Atha kho āyasmā mahako vihāraṃ pavisitvā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi, yathā tālacchiggaḷena ca aggaḷantarikāya ca acci nikkhamitvā tiṇāni jhāpesi, uttarāsaṅgaṃ na jhāpesī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.346).
Yathā cāha –
‘‘Atha khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsiṃ ‘ettāvatā brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca saddañca me sossanti, na ca maṃ dakkhissantī’ti antarahito imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsiṃ –
‘Bhave vāhaṃ bhayaṃ disvā, bhavañca vibhavesinaṃ;
Bhavaṃ nābhivadiṃ kiñci, nandiñca na upādiyi’’’nti. (ma. ni. 1.504);
392已对照

三百九十二、「穿越墙壁、垣墙、山岳,无所障碍,犹如在虚空中(tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāse)」此中:「穿越墙壁(tirokuṭṭaṃ)」即墙壁之外(parakuṭṭaṃ),是说墙壁的另一边。其余[二语]也是这个方法。而「墙壁(kuṭṭa)」是屋墙的增语。「垣墙(pākāra)」是房屋、寺、村等的围垣。「山岳(pabbata)」是土山或石山。「无所障碍(asajjamāna)」即不黏滞。「犹如在虚空中(seyyathāpi ākāse)」即如在虚空中一般。而想这样去的人,应入于虚空遍(ākāsakasiṇa),出起之后,转向墙壁、垣墙,或须弥山与轮围山之中的任何一座山,作了遍作之后,[以]「要成为虚空」而决意。它就成为虚空。对想向下降或向上升的人,便成为空洞;对想穿透而去的人,便成为孔隙。他在那里无所障碍而去。

392. Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāseti ettha tirokuṭṭanti parakuṭṭaṃ, kuṭṭassa parabhāganti vuttaṃ hoti. Esa nayo itaresu. Kuṭṭoti ca gehabhittiyā etamadhivacanaṃ. Pākāroti gehavihāragāmādīnaṃ parikkhepapākāro. Pabbatoti paṃsupabbato vā pāsāṇapabbato vā. Asajjamānoti alaggamāno. Seyyathāpi ākāseti ākāse viya. Evaṃ gantukāmena pana ākāsakasiṇaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya kuṭṭaṃ vā pākāraṃ vā sinerucakkavāḷesupi aññataraṃ pabbataṃ vā āvajjitvā kataparikammena ākāso hotūti adhiṭṭhātabbo. Ākāsoyeva hoti. Adho otaritukāmassa, uddhaṃ vā ārohitukāmassa susiro hoti, vinivijjhitvā gantukāmassa chiddo. So tattha asajjamāno gacchati.
已对照

然而三藏小阿跋亚长老(Tipiṭakacūḷābhayatthera)在这里说:「贤友们,入虚空遍有什么用呢?难道想化作象、马等的人,要入象、马等遍吗?在任何一种遍上作了遍作之后,于八等至的自在,这才是标准。他想要什么,那就成为什么。」比丘们说:「尊者,圣典中只出现了虚空遍,所以这一定要说。」此中,这是圣典——

Tipiṭakacūḷābhayatthero panetthāha – ‘‘ākāsakasiṇasamāpajjanaṃ, āvuso, kimatthiyaṃ, kiṃ hatthiassādīni abhinimminitukāmo hatthiassādi kasiṇāni samāpajjati, nanu yattha katthaci kasiṇe parikammaṃ katvā aṭṭhasamāpattivasībhāvoyeva pamāṇaṃ. Yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ tadeva hotī’’ti. Bhikkhū āhaṃsu – ‘‘pāḷiyā, bhante, ākāsakasiṇaṃyeva āgataṃ, tasmā avassametaṃ vattabba’’nti. Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –
已对照

「本来是虚空遍等至的获得者。他转向墙壁之外、垣墙之外、山岳之外。转向之后,以智决意:『要成为虚空。』便成为虚空。他穿越墙壁、垣墙、山岳,无所障碍。犹如本来无神通的人们在不被任何[东西]遮蔽、未被围绕之处无所障碍地行走,同样,那具神通、已得心自在者(iddhimā cetovasippatto)穿越墙壁、垣墙、山岳,无所障碍,犹如在虚空中。」(《无碍解道》3.11)

‘‘Pakatiyā ākāsakasiṇasamāpattiyā lābhī hoti. Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ āvajjati. Āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti – ‘ākāso hotū’ti. Ākāso hoti. Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati. Yathā manussā pakatiyā aniddhimanto kenaci anāvaṭe aparikkhitte asajjamānā gacchanti, evameva so iddhimā cetovasippatto tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati, seyyathāpi ākāse’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.11).
缅 2.24已对照

然而,若这比丘决意之后正在行进时,途中有山或树冒起,是否应再入[定]而决意呢?——没有过失。因为再入[定]而决意,犹如在戒师处受依止。而且,由于这比丘已决意「要成为虚空」,[那]就必定成为虚空。而由于先前决意的力量,在他途中会冒起另一座时节所成的山或树——这是不可能的。但若是另一位有神通者所化作的,则最先的化作力强。另一位应从它的上方或下方而去。

Sace panassa bhikkhuno adhiṭṭhahitvā gacchantassa antarā pabbato vā rukkho vā uṭṭheti, kiṃ puna samāpajjitvā adhiṭṭhātabbanti? Doso natthi. Puna samāpajjitvā adhiṭṭhānaṃ hi upajjhāyassa santike nissayaggahaṇasadisaṃ hoti. Iminā ca pana bhikkhunā ākāso hotūti adhiṭṭhitattā ākāso hotiyeva. Purimādhiṭṭhānabaleneva cassa antarā añño pabbato vā rukkho vā utumayo uṭṭhahissatīti aṭṭhānamevetaṃ. Aññena iddhimatā nimmite pana paṭhamanimmānaṃ balavaṃ hoti. Itarena tassa uddhaṃ vā adho vā gantabbaṃ.
393已对照

三百九十三、「出没于大地之中(pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ)」此中:「出(ummujja)」称为升起;「没(nimujja)」称为沉下。出与没为「出没」。想这样作的人,应入于水遍,出起之后,限定「在这么大的地方,让地成为水」,作了遍作之后,依所说的方式决意。与决意一起,在所限定之处,地就成为水。他在那里作出没。此中,这是圣典——

393. Pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjanti ettha ummujjanti uṭṭhānaṃ vuccati. Nimujjanti saṃsīdanaṃ. Ummujjañca nimujjañca ummujjanimujjaṃ. Evaṃ kātukāmena āpokasiṇaṃ samāpajjitvā uṭṭhāya ettake ṭhāne pathavī udakaṃ hotūti paricchinditvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Saha adhiṭṭhānena yathā paricchinne ṭhāne pathavī udakameva hoti. So tattha ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti. Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –
已对照

「本来是水遍等至的获得者。他转向地。转向之后,以智决意:『要成为水。』便成为水。他出没于大地之中。犹如本来无神通的人们在水中出没,同样,那具神通、已得心自在者出没于大地之中,犹如在水中。」(《无碍解道》3.11)

‘‘Pakatiyā āpokasiṇasamāpattiyā lābhī hoti. Pathaviṃ āvajjati. Āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti – ‘udakaṃ hotū’ti. Udakaṃ hoti. So pathaviyā ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti. Yathā manussā pakatiyā aniddhimanto udake ummujjanimujjaṃ karonti, evameva so iddhimā cetovasippatto pathaviyā ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti, seyyathāpi udake’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.11).
缅 2.25已对照

不仅出没,在沐浴、饮用、洗脸、洗器物等中,他想要什么,就作什么。不仅是水,在熟酥、油、蜜、糖蜜等中,他想要什么,转向「要成为这个、那个,这么多」,作了遍作而决意时,便正如所决意的那样成就。把它舀起而盛入器中时,熟酥就是熟酥,油等就是油等,水就是水。他在那里想沾湿才沾湿,不想沾湿就不沾湿。并且那地只对他成为水,对其余的人仍是地。人们在那里照样步行而去,乘车等而去,也照样作耕作等。但若他希望「对他们也要成为水」,就会成为[水]。然而过了所限定的时间,除了原本在水瓶、池塘等中的水以外,其余所限定之处仍成为地。

Na kevalañca ummujjanimujjameva, nhānapānamukhadhovanabhaṇḍakadhovanādīsu yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ taṃ karoti. Na kevalañca udakameva, sappitelamadhuphāṇitādīsupi yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ taṃ idañcidañca ettakaṃ hotūti āvajjitvā parikammaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhahantassa yathādhiṭṭhitameva hoti. Uddharitvā bhājanagataṃ karontassa sappi sappimeva hoti. Telādīni telādīniyeva. Udakaṃ udakameva. So tattha temitukāmova temeti, na temitukāmo na temeti. Tasseva ca sā pathavī udakaṃ hoti sesajanassa pathavīyeva. Tattha manussā pattikāpi gacchanti, yānādīhipi gacchanti, kasikammādīnipi karontiyeva. Sace panāyaṃ tesampi udakaṃ hotūti icchati, hotiyeva. Paricchinnakālaṃ pana atikkamitvā yaṃ pakatiyā ghaṭataḷākādīsu udakaṃ, taṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ paricchinnaṭṭhānaṃ pathavīyeva hoti.
394已对照

三百九十四、「在水上行走而不沉没(udakepi abhijjamāne)」此中:踏上去便沉陷的水,称为「沉没的(bhijjamāna)」;相反的,为「不沉没的」。而想这样去的人,应入于地遍,出起之后,限定「在这么大的地方,让水成为地」,作了遍作之后,依所说的方式决意。与决意一起,在所限定之处,水就成为地。他在那里行走。此中,这是圣典——

394. Udakepi abhijjamāneti ettha yaṃ udakaṃ akkamitvā saṃsīdati, taṃ bhijjamānanti vuccati. Viparītaṃ abhijjamānaṃ. Evaṃ gantukāmena pana pathavīkasiṇaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ettake ṭhāne udakaṃ pathavī hotūti paricchinditvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Saha adhiṭṭhānena yathā paricchinnaṭṭhāne udakaṃ pathavīyeva hoti. So tattha gacchati, tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –
已对照

「本来是地遍等至的获得者。他转向水。转向之后,以智决意:『要成为地。』便成为地。他在水上行走而不沉没。犹如本来无神通的人们在不沉没的地上行走,同样,那具神通、已得心自在者在水上行走而不沉没,犹如在地上。」(《无碍解道》3.11)

‘‘Pakatiyā pathavīkasiṇasamāpattiyā lābhī hoti. Udakaṃ āvajjati. Āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti – ‘pathavī hotū’ti. Pathavī hoti. So abhijjamāne udake gacchati. Yathā manussā pakatiyā aniddhimanto abhijjamānāya pathaviyā gacchanti, evameva so iddhimā cetovasippatto abhijjamāne udake gacchati, seyyathāpi pathaviya’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.11).
已对照

不仅行走,他想要什么威仪,就作什么[威仪]。不仅作成地,在摩尼、金、山、树等中,他想要什么,就依所说的方式转向而决意,便正如所决意的那样成就。并且那水只对他成为地,对其余的人仍是水,鱼、龟与水鸦等随意游动。但若他想对其他人也把它作成地,就会作成。然而由于过了所限定的时间,[它]就仍成为水。

Na kevalañca gacchati, yaṃ yaṃ iriyāpathaṃ icchati, taṃ taṃ karoti. Na kevalañca pathavimeva karoti, maṇisuvaṇṇapabbatarukkhādīsupi yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ taṃ vuttanayeneva āvajjitvā adhiṭṭhāti, yathādhiṭṭhitameva hoti. Tasseva ca taṃ udakaṃ pathavī hoti, sesajanassa udakameva, macchakacchapā ca udakakākādayo ca yathāruci vicaranti. Sace panāyaṃ aññesampi manussānaṃ taṃ pathaviṃ kātuṃ icchati, karotiyeva. Paricchinnakālātikkamena pana udakameva hoti.
395已对照

三百九十五、「结跏趺坐而行(pallaṅkena kamati)」者:即以结跏趺而去。「有翼之鸟(pakkhī sakuṇo)」者:即具有双翼的鸟。而想这样作的人,应入于地遍,出起之后,若想坐着去,就限定结跏趺大小的地方,作了遍作之后,依所说的方式决意。若想躺着去,[就限定]床大小的;若想步行去,[就限定]道路大小的——如是限定相应的地方,依所说的方式,[以]「要成为地」而决意。与决意一起,就成为地。此中,这是圣典——

395. Pallaṅkena kamatīti pallaṅkena gacchati. Pakkhī sakuṇoti pakkhehi yuttasakuṇo. Evaṃ kātukāmena pana pathavīkasiṇaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya sace nisinno gantumicchati, pallaṅkappamāṇaṃ ṭhānaṃ paricchinditvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Sace nipanno gantukāmo hoti mañcappamāṇaṃ, sace padasā gantukāmo hoti maggappamāṇanti evaṃ yathānurūpaṃ ṭhānaṃ paricchinditvā vuttanayeneva pathavī hotūti adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ, saha adhiṭṭhānena pathavīyeva hoti. Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –
缅 2.26已对照

「『在虚空中结跏趺坐而行,犹如有翼之鸟』:本来是地遍等至的获得者,他转向虚空。转向之后,以智决意:『要成为地。』便成为地。他在虚空中、空中经行,站立,坐,也躺卧。犹如本来无神通的人们在地上经行……乃至……躺卧,同样,那具神通、已得心自在者在虚空中、空中经行……乃至……躺卧。」(《无碍解道》3.11)

‘‘Ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇoti. Pakatiyā pathavīkasiṇasamāpattiyā lābhī hoti, ākāsaṃ āvajjati. Āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti – ‘pathavī hotū’ti. Pathavī hoti. So ākāse antalikkhe caṅkamatipi tiṭṭhatipi nisīdatipi seyyampi kappeti. Yathā manussā pakatiyā aniddhimanto pathaviyaṃ caṅkamantipi…pe… seyyampi kappenti, evameva so iddhimā cetovasippatto ākāse antalikkhe caṅkamatipi…pe… seyyampi kappetī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.11).
已对照

而想在虚空中去的比丘,也应是天眼的获得者。为什么呢?因为途中或有时节所等起的山、树等,或龙、金翅鸟等因嫉妒而化造[山、树等]——为了看见它们。那么,见了它们之后应作什么呢?应入于基础禅,出起之后,作「要成为虚空」的遍作而决意。然而[三藏小阿跋亚]长老说:「贤友们,入等至有什么用呢?他的心不是已经得定了吗?因此他以『要成为虚空』而决意任何地方,[那里]就成为虚空。」虽然他这样说,但应依穿越墙壁的示导中所说的方式行道。

Ākāse gantukāmena ca bhikkhunā dibbacakkhulābhināpi bhavitabbaṃ. Kasmā? Antare utusamuṭṭhānā vā pabbatarukkhādayo honti, nāgasupaṇṇādayo vā usūyantā māpenti, nesaṃ dassanatthaṃ. Te pana disvā kiṃ kātabbanti? Pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ākāso hotūti parikammaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Thero panāha ‘‘samāpattisamāpajjanaṃ, āvuso, kimatthiyaṃ, nanu samāhitamevassa cittaṃ, tena yaṃ yaṃ ṭhānaṃ ākāso hotūti adhiṭṭhāti, ākāsoyeva hotī’’ti. Kiñcāpi evamāha, atha kho tirokuṭṭapārihāriye vuttanayeneva paṭipajjitabbaṃ.
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再者,为了在适当之处降落,他也应是天眼的获得者。因为他若在不适当之处——在浴场或村门——降落,就会被大众看见。所以要以天眼看过,避开不适当之处,在适当之处降落。

Apica okāse orohaṇatthampi iminā dibbacakkhulābhinā bhavitabbaṃ, ayañhi sace anokāse nhānatitthe vā gāmadvāre vā orohati. Mahājanassa pākaṭo hoti. Tasmā dibbacakkhunā passitvā anokāsaṃ vajjetvā okāse otaratīti.
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三百九十六、「甚至以手触摸、抚摸有如此大神力、大威德的日月(imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjati)」此中:应知日月由于在四万二千由旬的上方运行而有大神力性,由于在同一刹那照亮三洲而有大威德性。或者,由于如是在上方运行与照亮而有大神力,正由此而有大威德。「触摸(parāmasati)」者:即握持,或触及一部分。「抚摸(parimajjati)」者:即犹如[擦拭]镜面一般周遍抚摸。而他的这种神通,唯依作为神通之基础的禅那而成就,此中没有遍等至的限定。因为这已在《无碍解道》中说过——

396. Imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjatīti ettha candimasūriyānaṃ dvācattālīsayojanasahassassa upari caraṇena mahiddhikatā, tīsu dīpesu ekakkhaṇe ālokakaraṇena mahānubhāvatā veditabbā. Evaṃ upari caraṇaālokakaraṇehi vā mahiddhike teneva mahānubhāve. Parāmasatīti pariggaṇhati ekadese vā chupati. Parimajjatīti samantato ādāsatalaṃ viya parimajjati. Ayaṃ panassa iddhi abhiññāpādakajjhānavaseneva ijjhati, natthettha kasiṇasamāpattiniyamo. Vuttañhetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ –
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「『甚至这日月……乃至……抚摸』:此中,那具神通、已得心自在者转向日月,转向之后,以智决意:『要在伸手可及之处。』[日月]便在伸手可及之处。他坐着或躺着,以手摸触、触摸、抚摸日月。犹如本来无神通的人们摸触、触摸、抚摸伸手可及之处的某种有色之物,同样,那有神通者……乃至……抚摸。」(《无碍解道》3.12)

‘‘Imepi candimasūriye…pe… parimajjatīti idha so iddhimā cetovasippatto candimasūriye āvajjati, āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti – ‘hatthapāse hotū’ti. Hatthapāse hoti. So nisinnako vā nipannako vā candimasūriye pāṇinā āmasati parāmasati parimajjati. Yathā manussā pakatiyā aniddhimanto kiñcideva rūpagataṃ hatthapāse āmasanti parāmasanti parimajjanti, evameva so iddhimā…pe… parimajjatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.12).
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他若想前去触摸,就前去触摸;但若想就在这里坐着或躺着触摸,便决意「要在伸手可及之处」。以决意之力,[日月]犹如脱离果柄的多罗果一般来到,他或触摸住立于伸手可及之处的[日月],或伸长手[而触摸]。那么,伸长时,是执受的(upādiṇṇaka)伸长,还是非执受的(anupādiṇṇaka)[伸长]呢?依于执受的,非执受的伸长。

Svāyaṃ yadi icchati gantvā parāmasituṃ, gantvā parāmasati, yadi pana idheva nisinnako vā nipannako vā parāmasitukāmo hoti, hatthapāse hotūti adhiṭṭhāti, adhiṭṭhānabalena vaṇṭā muttatālaphalaṃ viya āgantvā hatthapāse ṭhite vā parāmasati, hatthaṃ vā vaḍḍhetvā. Vaḍḍhentassa pana kiṃ upādiṇṇakaṃ vaḍḍhati, anupādiṇṇakanti? Upādiṇṇakaṃ nissāya anupādiṇṇakaṃ vaḍḍhati.
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对此,三藏小那伽长老(Tipiṭakacūḷanāgatthera)说:「贤友们,执受的难道不会变小、也不会变大吗?当比丘从钥匙孔等出去时,那时执受的不就变小了吗?当他作大的自体时,那时[执受的]就变大,犹如大目犍连长老那样。」

Tattha tipiṭakacūḷanāgatthero āha ‘‘kiṃ panāvuso, upādiṇṇakaṃ khuddakampi mahantampi na hoti, nanu yadā bhikkhu tālacchiddādīhi nikkhamati, tadā upādiṇṇakaṃ khuddakaṃ hoti. Yadā mahantaṃ attabhāvaṃ karoti, tadā mahantaṃ hoti mahāmoggallānattherassa viyā’’ti.
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降伏难陀优波难陀龙王论

Nandopanandanāgadamanakathā
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相传,有一次,给孤独居士(Anāthapiṇḍika gahapati)听了世尊的说法之后,邀请说:「尊者,明天请与五百比丘一同在我们家中受食。」便离去了。世尊接受了[邀请],度过那天的余时与夜分,在黎明时观察一万世界。那时,名叫难陀优波难陀(Nandopananda)的龙王来到了他的智门的现前。世尊转念:「这龙王来到了我的智门的现前,他有没有亲依止呢?」见到「他持邪见,对三宝不具净信」,[又]转念:「谁能使他离开邪见呢?」便见到了大目犍连长老(Mahāmoggallāna)。

Ekasmiṃ kira samaye anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ sutvā ‘‘sve, bhante, pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ amhākaṃ gehe bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti nimantetvā pakkami. Bhagavā adhivāsetvā taṃdivasāvasesaṃ rattibhāgañca vītināmetvā paccūsasamaye dasasahassilokadhātuṃ olokesi. Athassa nandopanando nāma nāgarājā ñāṇamukhe āpāthamāgacchi. Bhagavā ‘‘ayaṃ nāgarājā mayhaṃ ñāṇamukhe āpāthamāgacchi, atthi nu kho assa upanissayo’’ti āvajjento ‘‘ayaṃ micchādiṭṭhiko tīsu ratanesu appasannoti disvā ko nu kho imaṃ micchādiṭṭhito viveceyyā’’ti āvajjento mahāmoggallānattheraṃ addasa.
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于是,夜尽天明时,[世尊]料理了身体,召唤具寿阿难:「阿难,去告知五百比丘:『如来要去天界游行。』」而那一天,[他们]为难陀优波难陀布置了饮宴之处。他坐在天宝座上,有天的白伞盖为他张持,由三种歌舞伎(tividhanāṭaka)与龙众围绕,正看着盛在天器中所陈设的种种饮食。那时,世尊作得使龙王能看见,便与五百比丘一同从他的天篷顶上,朝向三十三天的天界出发。

Tato pabhātāya rattiyā sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ānanda, pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ ārocehi tathāgato devacārikaṃ gacchatī’’ti. Taṃ divasañca nandopanandassa āpānabhūmiṃ sajjayiṃsu. So dibbaratanapallaṅke dibbena setacchattena dhāriyamānena tividhanāṭakehi ceva nāgaparisāya ca parivuto dibbabhājanesu upaṭṭhāpitaṃ annapānavidhiṃ olokayamāno nisinno hoti. Atha bhagavā yathā nāgarājā passati, tathā katvā tassa vitānamatthakeneva pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ tāvatiṃsadevalokābhimukho pāyāsi.
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那时,难陀优波难陀龙王生起了这样的恶见执:「这些剃光头的沙门之流,竟从我们住处的上方进出三十三天诸天的天宫!从今以后,我不再让这些把脚尘撒在我们头顶上的[人]过去了。」便起身到须弥山脚,舍弃那个自体,以蟠身绕须弥山七匝,在上方张开蛇冠,以倒覆的蛇冠罩住三十三天宫,使之不可见。

Tena kho pana samayena nandopanandassa nāgarājassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘‘ime hi nāma muṇḍakā samaṇakā amhākaṃ uparūparibhavanena devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ bhavanaṃ pavisantipi nikkhamantipi, na dāni ito paṭṭhāya imesaṃ amhākaṃ matthake pādapaṃsuṃ okirantānaṃ gantuṃ dassāmī’’ti uṭṭhāya sinerupādaṃ gantvā taṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā sineruṃ sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā upari phaṇaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ avakujjena phaṇena gahetvā adassanaṃ gamesi.
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于是,具寿赖吒和罗(Raṭṭhapāla)对世尊这样说:「尊者,从前我站在这个地方,看得见须弥山,看得见须弥山的环层(paribhaṇḍa),看得见三十三天,看得见最胜殿(Vejayanta),看得见最胜殿上的旗。尊者,是什么因、什么缘,现在我既看不见须弥山……乃至……也看不见最胜殿上的旗呢?」「赖吒和罗,这名叫难陀优波难陀的龙王对你们发怒,以蟠身绕须弥山七匝,在上方以蛇冠遮覆,造成黑暗而住在那里。」「尊者,让我来降伏他。」世尊没有允许。于是具寿跋提耶(Bhaddiya)、具寿罗睺罗[等],所有比丘依次都起立了。世尊没有允许。

Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘pubbe, bhante, imasmiṃ padese ṭhito sineruṃ passāmi, sineruparibhaṇḍaṃ passāmi, tāvatiṃsaṃ passāmi, vejayantaṃ passāmi, vejayantassa pāsādassa upari dhajaṃ passāmi. Ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo, yaṃ etarahi neva sineruṃ passāmi…pe… na vejayantassa pāsādassa upari dhajaṃ passāmī’’ti. ‘‘Ayaṃ, raṭṭhapāla, nandopanando nāma nāgarājā tumhākaṃ kupito sineruṃ sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā upari phaṇena paṭicchādetvā andhakāraṃ katvā ṭhito’’ti. ‘‘Damemi naṃ, bhante’’ti. Na bhagavā anujāni. Atha kho āyasmā bhaddiyo āyasmā rāhuloti anukkamena sabbepi bhikkhū uṭṭhahiṃsu. Na bhagavā anujāni.
缅 2.29已对照

最后,大目犍连长老说:「尊者,让我来降伏他。」世尊允许说:「目犍连,去降伏[他]吧。」长老舍弃自体,化作巨大的龙王容色,以蟠身绕难陀优波难陀十四匝,把自己的蛇冠置于他的蛇冠顶上,把他连同须弥山一起紧紧压住。龙王冒烟。长老也[想]:「不只你的身上有烟,我[身上]也有。」便冒烟。龙王的烟不能恼害长老,而长老的烟却恼害龙王。于是龙王燃烧。长老也[想]:「不只你的身上有火,我[身上]也有。」便燃烧。龙王的火焰不能恼害长老,而长老的火焰却恼害龙王。龙王想:「这[人]把我连同须弥山一起紧压,又冒烟又燃烧。」便反问:「喂,你是谁?」「难陀,我是目犍连。」「尊者,请以您自己的比丘之身而住吧。」

Avasāne mahāmoggallānatthero ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, damemi na’’nti āha. ‘‘Damehi moggallānā’’ti bhagavā anujāni. Thero attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā mahantaṃ nāgarājavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā nandopanandaṃ cuddasakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā tassa phaṇamatthake attano phaṇaṃ ṭhapetvā sinerunā saddhiṃ abhinippīḷesi. Nāgarājā padhūmāyi. Theropi na tuyhaṃyeva sarīre dhūmo atthi, mayhampi atthīti padhūmāyi. Nāgarājassa dhūmo theraṃ na bādhati. Therassa pana dhūmo nāgarājānaṃ bādhati. Tato nāgarājā pajjali. Theropi na tuyhaṃyeva sarīre aggi atthi, mayhampi atthīti pajjali. Nāgarājassa tejo theraṃ na bādhati. Therassa pana tejo nāgarājānaṃ bādhati. Nāgarājā ayaṃ maṃ sinerunā abhinippīḷetvā dhūmāyati ceva pajjalati cāti cintetvā ‘‘bho tvaṃ kosī’’ti paṭipucchi. ‘‘Ahaṃ kho, nanda, moggallāno’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, attano bhikkhubhāvena tiṭṭhāhī’’ti.
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长老舍弃那个自体,从他的右耳孔进入,从左耳孔出来;从左耳孔进入,从右耳孔出来;同样,从右鼻孔进入,从左鼻孔出来;从左鼻孔进入,从右鼻孔出来。于是龙王张开了口。长老从口进入,在[他]腹中向东、向西经行。世尊说:「目犍连,你要作意,这龙有大神通。」长老说:「尊者,我的四神足已修习、已多作、已作车乘、已作基地、已确立、已积习、已善精勤。尊者,且不说难陀优波难陀,与难陀优波难陀相似的龙王,即使一百、一千、十万[条],我也能降伏。」

Thero taṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā tassa dakkhiṇakaṇṇasotena pavisitvā vāmakaṇṇasotena nikkhami, vāmakaṇṇasotena pavisitvā dakkhiṇakaṇṇasotena nikkhami, tathā dakkhiṇanāsasotena pavisitvā vāmanāsasotena nikkhami, vāmanāsasotena pavisitvā dakkhiṇanāsasotena nikkhami. Tato nāgarājā mukhaṃ vivari. Thero mukhena pavisitvā antokucchiyaṃ pācīnena ca pacchimena ca caṅkamati. Bhagavā ‘‘moggallāna, manasikarohi mahiddhiko esa nāgo’’ti āha. Thero ‘‘mayhaṃ kho, bhante, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, tiṭṭhatu, bhante, nandopanando, ahaṃ nandopanandasadisānaṃ nāgarājānaṃ satampi sahassampi satasahassampi dameyya’’nti āha.
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龙王想:「他进来时我没看见;现在他出去的时候,我要把他放进牙间嚼碎。」想了之后便说:「尊者,出来吧,不要在我腹中来回经行,恼害我。」长老出来,站在外面。龙王见了[心想]「就是他」,便喷出鼻风。长老入了第四禅。那风连他的一个毛孔也不能吹动。相传,其余的比丘从开始起都能作一切示导,但到了这一关头,不能这样成为速入定者而入定,所以世尊没有允许他们降伏龙王。

Nāgarājā cintesi ‘‘pavisanto tāva me na diṭṭho, nikkhamanakāle dāni naṃ dāṭhantare pakkhipitvā saṅkhādissāmī’’ti cintetvā nikkhama bhante, mā maṃ antokucchiyaṃ aparāparaṃ caṅkamanto bādhayitthāti āha. Thero nikkhamitvā bahi aṭṭhāsi. Nāgarājā ayaṃ soti disvā nāsavātaṃ vissajji. Thero catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Lomakūpampissa vāto cāletuṃ nāsakkhi. Avasesā bhikkhū kira ādito paṭṭhāya sabbapāṭihāriyāni kātuṃ sakkuṇeyyuṃ, imaṃ pana ṭhānaṃ patvā evaṃ khippanisantino hutvā samāpajjituṃ na sakkhissantīti tesaṃ bhagavā nāgarājadamanaṃ nānujāni.
缅 2.30已对照

龙王想:「我以鼻风连这沙门的一个毛孔也不能吹动,这沙门有大神通。」长老舍弃自体,化作金翅鸟之形,显示金翅鸟之风,追赶龙王。龙王舍弃那个自体,化作青年的容色,一边说「尊者,我归依您」,一边礼敬长老的双足。长老说:「难陀,导师来了,来,我们去吧。」如是降伏了龙王,使[他]无毒,带着[他]到世尊那里去了。龙王礼敬世尊后说:「尊者,我归依您。」世尊说了「龙王,愿你安乐」之后,由比丘僧团围绕,前往给孤独的住宅。

Nāgarājā ‘‘ahaṃ imassa samaṇassa nāsavātena lomakūpampi cāletuṃ nāsakkhiṃ, mahiddhiko samaṇo’’ti cintesi. Thero attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā supaṇṇarūpaṃ abhinimminitvā supaṇṇavātaṃ dassento nāgarājānaṃ anubandhi. Nāgarājā taṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā māṇavakavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti vadanto therassa pāde vandi. Thero ‘‘satthā, nanda, āgato, ehi gamissāmā’’ti nāgarājānaṃ damayitvā nibbisaṃ katvā gahetvā bhagavato santikaṃ agamāsi. Nāgarājā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti āha. Bhagavā ‘‘sukhī hohi, nāgarājā’’ti vatvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto anāthapiṇḍikassa nivesanaṃ agamāsi.
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给孤独说:「尊者,为什么这么晚才来?」「目犍连与难陀优波难陀有一场战斗。」「尊者,谁胜了,谁败了?」「目犍连胜了,难陀败了。」给孤独说:「尊者,请世尊接受我连续七天的饭食,我要七天恭敬长老。」说了之后,七天对以佛为首的五百比丘作了大恭敬。如是,正是就这在降伏难陀优波难陀时所作的大的自体,而说了这[句]:「当他作大的自体时,便成为大的,犹如大目犍连长老。」虽然如是说了,比丘们仍说:「依于执受的,唯有非执受的增长。」而此中唯此是道理。

Anāthapiṇḍiko ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, atidivā āgatatthā’’ti āha. Moggallānassa ca nandopanandassa ca saṅgāmo ahosīti. Kassa, bhante, jayo, kassa parājayoti. Moggallānassa jayo, nandassa parājayoti. Anāthapiṇḍiko ‘‘adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā sattāhaṃ ekapaṭipāṭiyā bhattaṃ, sattāhaṃ therassa sakkāraṃ karissāmī’’ti vatvā sattāhaṃ buddhapamukhānaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ mahāsakkāraṃ akāsi. Iti imaṃ imasmiṃ nandopanandadamane kataṃ mahantaṃ attabhāvaṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘yadā mahantaṃ attabhāvaṃ karoti, tadā mahantaṃ hoti mahāmoggallānattherassa viyā’’ti. Evaṃ vuttepi bhikkhū upādiṇṇakaṃ nissāya anupādiṇṇakameva vaḍḍhatīti āhaṃsu. Ayameva cettha yutti.
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他如是作了之后,不只是触摸日月。若他希望,就作成足垫而把脚放上,作成椅而坐,作成床而卧,作成靠板而倚靠。犹如一人,另一人也是如此。因为即使好几十万比丘这样作,他们每一人也都同样成就;而日月的运行与照明也照样如前。因为犹如在一千个盛满水的盆中,一切盆里都现出月轮,而月亮的运行与照明正如平常。这示导也与此相似。

So evaṃ katvā na kevalaṃ candimasūriye parāmasati. Sace icchati pādakathalikaṃ katvā pāde ṭhapeti, pīṭhaṃ katvā nisīdati, mañcaṃ katvā nipajjati, apassenaphalakaṃ katvā apassayati. Yathā ca eko, evaṃ aparopi. Anekesupi hi bhikkhusatasahassesu evaṃ karontesu tesañca ekamekassa tatheva ijjhati. Candimasūriyānañca gamanampi ālokakaraṇampi tatheva hoti. Yathā hi pātisahassesu udakapūresu sabbapātīsu ca candamaṇḍalāni dissanti. Pākatikameva ca candassa gamanaṃ ālokakaraṇañca hoti. Tathūpamametaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ.
397已对照

三百九十七、「直到梵天界(yāva brahmalokāpi)」者:即以梵天界为界限。「以身自在通行(kāyena vasaṃ vatteti)」者:即在那梵天界中以身行使自己的自在。其义应随顺圣典而知。因为此中的圣典是这样的——

397. Yāva brahmalokāpīti brahmalokampi paricchedaṃ katvā. Kāyena vasaṃ vattetīti tattha brahmaloke kāyena attano vasaṃ vatteti. Tassattho pāḷiṃ anugantvā veditabbo. Ayañhettha pāḷi –
缅 2.31已对照

「『以身自在通行,直到梵天界』:若那有神通而得心自在者想去梵天界,对远处也决意为近:『愿它近』,便近了;对近处也决意为远:『愿它远』,便远了;对多也决意为少:『愿它少』,便少了;对少也决意为多:『愿它多』,便多了。他以天眼看见那梵天的色,以天耳界听见那梵天的声音,以他心智了知那梵天的心。若那有神通而得心自在者想以可见的身去梵天界,便依身转变心,依身决意心;依身转变心、依身决意心之后,入于乐想与轻想,以可见的身去梵天界。若那有神通而得心自在者想以不可见的身去梵天界,便依心转变身,依心决意身;依心转变身、依心决意身之后,入于乐想与轻想,以不可见的身去梵天界。他在那梵天面前化作色:意所成、具足一切大小肢节、诸根无缺。若那有神通者经行,化身也在那里经行;若那有神通者站立、坐下、躺卧,化身也在那里躺卧;若那有神通者冒烟、燃烧、说法、发问、被问而答,化身也在那里被问而答;若那有神通者与那梵天共立、交谈、进行讨论,化身也在那里与那梵天共立、交谈、进行讨论。因为凡那有神通者所作的,化身便作那个。」(《无碍解道》3.12)

‘‘Yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattetīti. Sace so iddhimā cetovasippatto brahmalokaṃ gantukāmo hoti, dūrepi santike adhiṭṭhāti santike hotūti, santike hoti. Santikepi dūre adhiṭṭhāti dūre hotūti, dūre hoti. Bahukampi thokanti adhiṭṭhāti thokaṃ hotūti, thokaṃ hoti. Thokampi bahukanti adhiṭṭhāti bahukaṃ hotūti, bahukaṃ hoti. Dibbena cakkhunā tassa brahmuno rūpaṃ passati. Dibbāya sotadhātuyā tassa brahmuno saddaṃ suṇāti. Cetopariyañāṇena tassa brahmuno cittaṃ pajānāti. Sace so iddhimā cetovasippatto dissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gantukāmo hoti, kāyavasena cittaṃ pariṇāmeti, kāyavasena cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, kāyavasena cittaṃ pariṇāmetvā kāyavasena cittaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā dissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gacchati. Sace so iddhimā cetovasippatto adissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gantukāmo hoti, cittavasena kāyaṃ pariṇāmeti, cittavasena kāyaṃ adhiṭṭhāti. Cittavasena kāyaṃ pariṇāmetvā cittavasena kāyaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā adissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gacchati. So tassa brahmuno purato rūpaṃ abhinimmināti manomayaṃ sabbaṅgapañcaṅgiṃ ahīnindriyaṃ. Sace so iddhimā caṅkamati, nimmitopi tattha caṅkamati. Sace so iddhimā tiṭṭhati, nisīdati, seyyaṃ kappeti, nimmitopi tattha seyyaṃ kappeti. Sace so iddhimā dhūmāyati, pajjalati, dhammaṃ bhāsati, pañhaṃ pucchati, pañhaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeti, nimmitopi tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeti. Sace so iddhimā tena brahmunā saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati, sallapati, sākacchaṃ samāpajjati, nimmitopi tattha tena brahmunā saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati, sallapati, sākacchaṃ samāpajjati. Yaṃ yadeva hi so iddhimā karoti, taṃ tadeva nimmito karotī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.12).
缅 2.32已对照

此中,「对远处也决意为近(dūrepi santike adhiṭṭhāti)」者:即从基础禅出[定]后,转向远处的天界或梵天界:「愿它近」。转向之后,作了遍作,再入[定],以智决意:「愿它近」,便近了。其余诸句也是此理。

Tattha dūrepi santike adhiṭṭhātīti pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya dūre devalokaṃ vā brahmalokaṃ vā āvajjati santike hotūti. Āvajjitvā parikammaṃ katvā puna samāpajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhāti santike hotūti, santike hoti. Esa nayo sesapadesupi.
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此中,谁曾取远而作近呢?世尊。因为世尊在双神变结束时前往天界,使持双山(Yugandhara)与须弥山近了,从地面把一只脚踏在持双山上,把第二只放在须弥山顶。还有谁作过?大目犍连长老。因为长老使在舍卫城作完食事后出发的、[绵延]十二由旬的会众,缩短三十由旬的去僧伽舍城(Saṅkassa)之路,就在那一刹那使[他们]到达了。

Tattha ko dūraṃ gahetvā santikaṃ akāsīti? Bhagavā. Bhagavā hi yamakapāṭihāriyāvasāne devalokaṃ gacchanto yugandharañca sineruñca santike katvā pathavītalato ekapādaṃ yugandhare patiṭṭhapetvā dutiyaṃ sinerumatthake ṭhapesi. Añño ko akāsi? Mahāmoggallānatthero. Thero hi sāvatthito bhattakiccaṃ katvā nikkhantaṃ dvādasayojanikaṃ parisaṃ tiṃsayojanaṃ saṅkassanagaramaggaṃ saṅkhipitvā taṅkhaṇaññeva sampāpesi.
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此外,在铜鍱洲,小海长老(Cūḷasamudda)也作过。相传在饥馑之时,七百比丘一早来到长老处。长老想:「这么大的比丘僧团,乞食处会在哪里呢?」在整个铜鍱洲都没见到,见到「在彼岸的波吒厘子城(Pāṭaliputta)会有」,便令比丘们拿着钵与衣,说:「来,贤友们,我们去乞食。」缩地之后,到了波吒厘子城。比丘们问:「尊者,这是哪座城?」「是波吒厘子城,贤友们。」「尊者,波吒厘子城是在远方的啊。」「贤友们,年老的长老们能把远处也取来作近。」「尊者,大海在哪里呢?」「贤友们,你们不是越过中间一条青色的水沟而来的吗?」「是的,尊者。」「可是大海是大的啊。」「贤友们,年老的长老们能把大的也作小。」

Apica tambapaṇṇidīpe cūḷasamuddattheropi akāsi. Dubbhikkhasamaye kira therassa santikaṃ pātova satta bhikkhusatāni āgamaṃsu. Thero ‘‘mahā bhikkhusaṅgho kuhiṃ bhikkhācāro bhavissatī’’ti cintento sakalatambapaṇṇidīpe adisvā ‘‘paratīre pāṭaliputte bhavissatī’’ti disvā bhikkhū pattacīvaraṃ gāhāpetvā ‘‘ethāvuso, bhikkhācāraṃ gamissāmā’’ti pathaviṃ saṅkhipitvā pāṭaliputtaṃ gato. Bhikkhū ‘‘kataraṃ, bhante, imaṃ nagara’’nti pucchiṃsu. Pāṭaliputtaṃ, āvusoti. Pāṭaliputtaṃ nāma dūre bhanteti. Āvuso, mahallakattherā nāma dūrepi gahetvā santike karontīti. Mahāsamuddo kuhiṃ, bhanteti? Nanu, āvuso, antarā ekaṃ nīlamātikaṃ atikkamitvā āgatatthāti? Āma, bhante. Mahāsamuddo pana mahantoti. Āvuso, mahallakattherā nāma mahantampi khuddakaṃ karontīti.
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而如这[位长老]一样,帝须达多长老(Tissadatta)也在傍晚沐浴、披好上衣之后,当心中生起「我要礼敬大菩提树」时,便使[它]近了。

Yathā cāyaṃ, evaṃ tissadattattheropi sāyanhasamaye nhāyitvā katuttarāsaṅgo mahābodhiṃ vandissāmīti citte uppanne santike akāsi.
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那么,谁曾取近而作远呢?世尊。因为世尊把自己与鸯掘摩罗(《中部》2.348)之间虽近的距离也作远了。

Santikaṃ pana gahetvā ko dūramakāsīti? Bhagavā. Bhagavā hi attano ca aṅgulimālassa (ma. ni. 2.348) ca antaraṃ santikampi dūramakāsīti.
缅 2.33已对照

那么,谁曾把多作少呢?大迦叶长老。相传在王舍城的节日里,五百少女拿着月形饼去作节日游乐,见了世尊,却什么也没有给;但见到长老从后面来,[想]「我们的长老来了,我们要供养饼」,便都拿着饼走近长老。长老取出钵,把一切[饼]作成仅满一钵之量。世尊在前面坐下,等待长老。长老带来[饼],供养了世尊。

Atha ko bahukaṃ thokaṃ akāsīti? Mahākassapatthero. Rājagahe kira nakkhattadivase pañcasatā kumāriyo candapūve gahetvā nakkhattakīḷanatthāya gacchantiyo bhagavantaṃ disvā kiñci nādaṃsu. Pacchato āgacchantaṃ pana theraṃ disvā amhākaṃ thero eti pūvaṃ dassāmāti sabbā pūve gahetvā theraṃ upasaṅkamiṃsu. Thero pattaṃ nīharitvā sabbaṃ ekapattapūramattamakāsi. Bhagavā theraṃ āgamayamāno purato nisīdi. Thero āharitvā bhagavato adāsi.
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而在伊利沙长者(Illisa seṭṭhi)的故事中,大目犍连长老把少作多;在迦迦婆利(Kākavaliya)的故事中,则是世尊。相传大迦叶长老以等至度过七天之后,为摄益贫者,站在名叫迦迦婆利的贫苦之人的家门口。他的妻子见了长老,把为丈夫煮的无盐的酸粥倒进钵中。长老拿着它,放在世尊手中。世尊决意使它足够大比丘僧团。以一钵带来的[粥]足够了一切人。迦迦婆利也在第七天得到了长者之位。

Illisaseṭṭhivatthusmiṃ pana mahāmoggallānatthero thokaṃ bahukamakāsi, kākavaliyavatthusmiñca bhagavā. Mahākassapatthero kira sattāhaṃ samāpattiyā vītināmetvā daliddasaṅgahaṃ karonto kākavaliyassa nāma duggatamanussassa gharadvāre aṭṭhāsi. Tassa jāyā theraṃ disvā patino pakkaṃ aloṇambilayāguṃ patte ākiri. Thero taṃ gahetvā bhagavato hatthe ṭhapesi. Bhagavā mahābhikkhusaṅghassa pahonakaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Ekapattena ābhatā sabbesaṃ pahosi. Kākavaliyopi sattame divase seṭṭhiṭṭhānaṃ alatthāti.
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而且不只是把少作多,在[使]甜的成为不甜的、不甜的成为甜的等[事]中,凡他所希望的,一切都为有神通者所成就。因为名叫大阿㝹罗(Mahāanuḷa)的长老,见到许多比丘乞食后只得到干饭,坐在恒河岸边吃,便决意恒河的水为醍醐,并给沙弥们示意。他们用小碗盛来,给了比丘僧团。所有人都以甜美的醍醐进食了。

Na kevalañca thokassa bahukaraṇaṃ, madhuraṃ amadhuraṃ, amadhuraṃ madhurantiādīsupi yaṃ yaṃ icchati, sabbaṃ iddhimato ijjhati. Tathā hi mahāanuḷatthero nāma sambahule bhikkhū piṇḍāya caritvā sukkhabhattameva labhitvā gaṅgātīre nisīditvā paribhuñjamāne disvā gaṅgāya udakaṃ sappimaṇḍanti adhiṭṭhahitvā sāmaṇerānaṃ saññaṃ adāsi. Te thālakehi āharitvā bhikkhusaṅghassa adaṃsu. Sabbe madhurena sappimaṇḍena bhuñjiṃsūti.
缅 2.34已对照

「以天眼(dibbena cakkhunā)」者:即就住立在此处,增长光明,看见那梵天的色;并且就住立在此处,听见他所说的一切声音,了知[他的]心。「依身转变心(kāyavasena cittaṃ pariṇāmeti)」者:即依所生身(karajakāya)转变心。取基础禅心,安置于身,使[心]随身而行,[成为]缓慢的行进;因为身的行进是缓慢的。「入于乐想与轻想(sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamati)」者:即入、进入、触、到达与以基础禅为所缘的神通心俱生的乐想与轻想。所谓乐想,即与舍相应的想;因为舍被说为寂静的乐。而正是那想,由于从诸盖以及寻等对立[法]解脱,也应知为「轻想」。而当他入于那[想]时,他的所生身也如棉絮一般轻。他便如是以如被风扬起的棉絮一般轻的、可见的身去梵天界。如是去时,若他希望,便依地遍在空中化作道路而徒步去;若他希望,便依风遍决意风,如棉絮一般随风而去。此外,此中唯有欲去之意是标准。因为「只要有欲去之意」,如是作了心之决意者,便唯被决意的势力所抛出,如弓手射出的箭一般,可见地而去。

Dibbena cakkhunāti idheva ṭhito ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā tassa brahmuno rūpaṃ passati. Idheva ca ṭhito sabbaṃ tassa bhāsato saddaṃ suṇāti. Cittaṃ pajānāti. Kāyavasena cittaṃ pariṇāmetīti karajakāyassa vasena cittaṃ pariṇāmeti. Pādakajjhānacittaṃ gahetvā kāye āropeti. Kāyānugatikaṃ karoti dandhagamanaṃ. Kāyagamanaṃ hi dandhaṃ hoti. Sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamatīti pādakajjhānārammaṇena iddhicittena sahajātaṃ sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamati pavisati phasseti sampāpuṇāti. Sukhasaññā nāma upekkhāsampayuttasaññā. Upekkhā hi santaṃ sukhanti vuttā. Sāyeva ca saññā nīvaraṇehi ceva vitakkādīhi paccanīkehi ca vimuttattā lahusaññātipi veditabbā. Taṃ okkantassa panassa karajakāyopi tūlapicu viya sallahuko hoti. So evaṃ vāyukkhittatūlapicunā viya sallahukena dissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gacchati. Evaṃ gacchanto ca sace icchati pathavīkasiṇavasena ākāse maggaṃ nimminitvā padasā gacchati. Sace icchati vāyokasiṇavasena vāyuṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā tūlapicu viya vāyunā gacchati. Apica gantukāmatā eva ettha pamāṇaṃ. ‘‘Sati hi gantukāmatāya’’ evaṃ katacittādhiṭṭhāno adhiṭṭhānavegukkhittova so issāsakhittasaro viya dissamāno gacchati.
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「依心转变身(cittavasena kāyaṃ pariṇāmeti)」者:即取身,安置于心,使[身]随心而行,[成为]迅速的行进;因为心的行进是迅速的。「入于乐想与轻想(sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamati)」者:即入于与以色身为所缘的神通心俱生的乐想与轻想。其余的应依所说的方式了知。而这唯是心的行进。当被问到:「而如是以不可见的身去时,这[人]是在那决意心的生刹那去,还是在住刹那、坏灭刹那去?」长老说:「在三个刹那都去。」那么,他是自己去,还是派遣化身[去]呢?——随意而作。而此处[圣典]所出的,唯是他自己去。

Cittavasena kāyaṃ pariṇāmetīti kāyaṃ gahetvā citte āropeti. Cittānugatikaṃ karoti sīghagamanaṃ. Cittagamanaṃ hi sīghaṃ hoti. Sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamatīti rūpakāyārammaṇena iddhicittena sahajātaṃ sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamatīti. Sesaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Idaṃ pana cittagamanameva hoti. Evaṃ adissamānena kāyena gacchanto panāyaṃ kiṃ tassa adhiṭṭhānacittassa uppādakkhaṇe gacchati, udāhu ṭhitikkhaṇe bhaṅgakkhaṇe vāti vutte tīsupi khaṇesu gacchatīti thero āha. Kiṃ pana so sayaṃ gacchati nimmitaṃ pesetīti. Yathāruci karoti. Idha panassa sayaṃ gamanameva āgataṃ.
缅 2.35已对照

「意所成(manomayaṃ)」者:由于以决意之意所化作,故为意所成。「诸根无缺(ahīnindriyaṃ)」者:这是就眼、耳等的形状而说的;而化作之色中没有所谓的净色。「若那有神通者经行,化身也在那里经行」等这一切,都是就弟子所化作的而说的。而佛所化作的,凡世尊所作的,它也作那个;依世尊的意愿,也作其他的。而此中,凡那有神通者就住立在此处以天眼看见色、以天耳界听见声音、以他心智了知心,仅凭这些,并不[算]以身自在通行;凡他就住立在此处与那梵天共立、交谈、进行讨论,仅凭这些,也不[算]以身自在通行;凡他「对远处也决意为近」等的决意,仅凭这些,也不[算]以身自在通行;凡他以可见的或不可见的身去梵天界,仅凭这些,也不[算]以身自在通行;而凡他依「在那梵天面前化作色」等方式达成所说的规定,仅凭这些,才名为以身自在通行。而此中其余的,是为显示以身自在通行的前分而说的。这暂且是决意神通。

Manomayanti adhiṭṭhānamanena nimmitattā manomayaṃ. Ahīnindriyanti idaṃ cakkhusotādīnaṃ saṇṭhānavasena vuttaṃ. Nimmitarūpe pana pasādo nāma natthi. Sace iddhimā caṅkamati nimmitopi tattha caṅkamatītiādi sabbaṃ sāvakanimmitaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Buddhanimmito pana yaṃ yaṃ bhagavā karoti, taṃ tampi karoti. Bhagavato rucivasena aññampi karotīti. Ettha ca yaṃ so iddhimā idheva ṭhito dibbena cakkhunā rūpaṃ passati, dibbāya sotadhātuyā saddaṃ suṇāti, cetopariyañāṇena cittaṃ pajānāti, na ettāvatā kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Yampi so idheva ṭhito tena brahmunā saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati sallapati sākacchaṃ samāpajjati, ettāvatāpi na kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Yampissa dūrepi santike adhiṭṭhātītiādikaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ, ettāvatāpi na kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Yampi so dissamānena vā adissamānena vā kāyena brahmalokaṃ gacchati, ettāvatāpi na kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Yañca kho so tassa brahmuno purato rūpaṃ abhinimminātītiādinā nayena vuttavidhānaṃ āpajjati, ettāvatā kāyena vasaṃ vatteti nāmaṃ. Sesaṃ panettha kāyena vasaṃ vattanāya pubbabhāgadassanatthaṃ vuttanti ayaṃ tāva adhiṭṭhānā iddhi.
398已对照

三百九十八、而变化[神变]与意所成[神变]的差别是这样的。作变化者,首先,在如是所说的「他舍弃本来的容色,或显现童子的容色,或显现龙的容色,或显现金翅鸟的容色,或显现阿修罗的容色,或显现因陀罗的容色,或显现天的容色,或显现梵天的容色,或显现海的容色,或显现山的容色,或显现狮子的容色,或显现虎的容色,或显现豹的容色;也显现象,也显现马,也显现车,也显现步兵,也显现种种军阵」(《无碍解道》3.13)童子的容色等之中,凡他所欲求的,应决意那个。而决意者应从以地遍等之中某一[遍]为所缘的、作为神通之基础的禅那出[定],转向自己童子的容色;转向之后,在遍作结束时再入[定],出[定]后应决意:「我要成为如此这般的童子。」随着决意心,他便成为童子,犹如提婆达多(《小品》333)。一切处都是此理。

398. Vikubbanāya pana manomayāya ca idaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ. Vikubbanaṃ tāva karontena ‘‘so pakativaṇṇaṃ vijahitvā kumārakavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, nāgavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, supaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, asuravaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, indavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, devavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, brahmavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, samuddavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, pabbatavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, sīhavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, byagghavaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, dīpivaṇṇaṃ vā dasseti, hatthimpi dasseti, assampi dasseti, rathampi dasseti, pattimpi dasseti, vividhampi senābyūhaṃ dassetī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.13) evaṃ vuttesu kumārakavaṇṇādīsu yaṃ yaṃ ākaṅkhati, taṃ taṃ adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Adhiṭṭhahantena ca pathavīkasiṇādīsu aññatarārammaṇato abhiññāpādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya attano kumārakavaṇṇo āvajjitabbo. Āvajjitvā parikammāvasāne puna samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya evarūpo nāma kumārako homīti adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Saha adhiṭṭhānacittena kumārako hoti devadatto viya (cūḷava. 333). Esa nayo sabbattha.
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而此中「也显现象」等,是就也在外面显现象等而说的。此中,不应决意「我成为象」,而应决意「愿有象」;马等也是此理。这是变化神通。

Hatthimpi dassetītiādi panettha bahiddhāpi hatthiādidassanavasena vuttaṃ. Tattha hatthī homīti anadhiṭṭhahitvā hatthī hotūti adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ, assādīsupi eseva nayoti. Ayaṃ vikubbanā iddhi.
399缅 2.36已对照

三百九十九、而欲作意所成[神变]者,从基础禅出[定]后,首先转向身,依所说的方式决意「愿它成为中空的」,它便成为中空的。然后转向它内部的另一个身,作了遍作,依所说的方式决意:「愿在它内部有另一个身。」他把那[身]抽出,犹如从蒙迦草中[抽出]苇茎、从鞘中[拔出]剑、从蛇箧中[取出]蛇。因此说:「在此,比丘从此身化作出另一个身:有色、意所成、具足一切大小肢节、诸根无缺。犹如有人从蒙迦草中抽出苇茎,他会这样想:『这是蒙迦草,这是苇茎;蒙迦草是一回事,苇茎是另一回事,苇茎正是从蒙迦草中抽出来的。』」等(《无碍解道》3.14)。而此中,这些譬喻是为显示「犹如苇茎等与蒙迦草等相似,意所成色也正与有神通者相似」而说的。这是意所成神通。

399. Manomayaṃ kātukāmo pana pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya kāyaṃ tāva āvajjitvā vuttanayeneva susiro hotūti adhiṭṭhāti, susiro hoti. Athassa abbhantare aññaṃ kāyaṃ āvajjitvā parikammaṃ katvā vuttanayeneva adhiṭṭhāti, tassa abbhantare añño kāyo hotūti. So taṃ muñjamhā īsikaṃ viya kosiyā asiṃ viya karaṇḍāya ahiṃ viya ca abbāhati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘idha bhikkhu imamhā kāyā aññaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimmināti rūpiṃ manomayaṃ sabbaṅgapaccaṅgiṃ ahīnindriyaṃ. Seyyathāpi puriso muñjamhā īsikaṃ pavāheyya, tassa evamassa ayaṃ muñjo ayaṃ īsikā, añño muñjo aññā īsikā, muñjamhātveva īsikā pavāḷhā’’tiādi (paṭi. ma. 3.14). Ettha ca yathā īsikādayo muñjādīhi sadisā honti, evaṃ manomayarūpaṃ iddhimatāsadisameva hotīti dassanatthaṃ etā upamā vuttāti. Ayaṃ manomayā iddhi.
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如是,在为令善人愉悦而造的《清净道论》中,

Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge
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名为〈神变的解说〉的

Iddhividhaniddeso nāma
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第十二章[终]。

Dvādasamo paricchedo.