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清净道论·无色的解说 Āruppaniddeso

本经目录十、无色的解说第一无色释义识无边处论无所有处论非想非非想处论杂论如是,在为令善人愉悦而造的《清净道论》中,于定的修习之部,名为〈无色的解说〉的第十章[终]。

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十、无色的解说

10. Āruppaniddeso
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第一无色释义

Paṭhamāruppavaṇṇanā
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二百七十五、而在梵住之后所列举的四无色中,首先想修习空无边处者,依「确实可见,以色为因而有执杖、执刀、争吵、争执、诤论,而在无色中,这一切完全没有。他如是省思之后,便为了唯对诸色的厌离、离贪、灭而行道」(《中部》2.103)这句话,依这些执杖等以及眼病、耳病等上千种病恼,见到所生色的过患,为超越它,就在除了限定虚空遍以外的地遍等九[遍]中的任何一种上生起第四禅。

275. Brahmavihārānantaraṃ uddiṭṭhesu pana catūsu āruppesu ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ tāva bhāvetukāmo ‘‘dissante kho pana rūpādhikaraṇaṃ daṇḍādānasatthādānakalahaviggahavivādā, natthi kho panetaṃ sabbaso āruppeti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya rūpānaṃyeva nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.103) vacanato etesaṃ daṇḍādānādīnañceva cakkhusotarogādīnañca ābādhasahassānaṃ vasena karajarūpe ādīnavaṃ disvā tassa samatikkamāya ṭhapetvā paricchinnākāsakasiṇaṃ navasu pathavīkasiṇādīsu aññatarasmiṃ catutthajjhānaṃ uppādeti.
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虽然他依色界第四禅已超越了所生色,然而由于遍色也正是它的相似者,所以他也想超越那[遍色]。怎样呢?犹如怕蛇的人在林野中被蛇追赶,急速逃走之后,在逃到之处,看见画有条纹的多罗叶,或藤蔓,或绳子,或龟裂的地上的裂缝,便恐惧、战栗,根本不想看它。又犹如与作不利之事的怨敌之人同住一村的人,受他以杀害、捆绑、烧屋等侵扰,为了居住而去到别的村,在那里也看见与怨敌形貌、声音、举止相同的人,便恐惧、战栗,根本不想看他。

Tassa kiñcāpi rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānavasena karajarūpaṃ atikkantaṃ hoti, atha kho kasiṇarūpampi yasmā tappaṭibhāgameva, tasmā tampi samatikkamitukāmo hoti. Kathaṃ? Yathā ahibhīruko puriso araññe sappena anubaddho vegena palāyitvā palātaṭṭhāne lekhācittaṃ tālapaṇṇaṃ vā valliṃ vā rajjuṃ vā phalitāya vā pana pathaviyā phalitantaraṃ disvā bhāyateva uttasateva, neva naṃ dakkhitukāmo hoti. Yathā ca anatthakārinā veripurisena saddhiṃ ekagāme vasamāno puriso tena vadhabandhagehajhāpanādīhi upadduto aññaṃ gāmaṃ vasanatthāya gantvā tatrāpi verinā samānarūpasaddasamudācāraṃ purisaṃ disvā bhāyateva uttasateva, neva naṃ dakkhitukāmo hoti.
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此中,这是譬喻的配合:因为犹如那些人被蛇或怨敌侵扰之时,是比丘依所缘而具有所生色之时。犹如他们的急速逃走与前往别村,是比丘依色界第四禅超越所生色之时。犹如他们在逃到之处与别村,看见画有条纹的多罗叶等以及与怨敌相似的人,而有恐惧、战栗与不想看,是比丘观察到「这遍色也正是它的相似者」之后,也想超越那[遍色]。此中也应知被野猪所击的狗、怕毕舍遮者等的譬喻。

Tatridaṃ opammasaṃsandanaṃ – tesaṃ hi purisānaṃ ahinā verinā vā upaddutakālo viya bhikkhuno ārammaṇavasena karajarūpasamaṅgikālo. Tesaṃ vegena palāyanaaññagāmagamanāni viya bhikkhuno rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānavasena karajarūpasamatikkamanakālo. Tesaṃ palātaṭṭhāne ca aññagāme ca lekhācittatālapaṇṇādīni ceva verisadisaṃ purisañca disvā bhayasantāsaadassanakāmatā viya bhikkhuno kasiṇarūpampi tappaṭibhāgameva idanti sallakkhetvā tampi samatikkamitukāmatā. Sūkarābhihatasunakhapisācabhīrukādikāpi cettha upamā veditabbā.
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二百七十六、如是,他厌离那作为第四禅之所缘的遍色,想离开它,以五种行相得串习自在之后,从熟练的色界第四禅出起,见到那禅的过患:「它以我所厌离的色为所缘」,「它有喜悦为近敌」,「它比寂静解脱粗」。而此中没有支的粗性。因为正如这色[界禅]是二支的,诸无色也是如此。

276. Evaṃ so tasmā catutthajjhānassa ārammaṇabhūtā kasiṇarūpā nibbijja pakkamitukāmo pañcahākārehi ciṇṇavasī hutvā paguṇarūpāvacaracatutthajjhānato vuṭṭhāya tasmiṃ jhāne ‘‘imaṃ mayā nibbiṇṇaṃ rūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karotī’’ti ca, ‘‘āsannasomanassapaccatthika’’nti ca, ‘‘santavimokkhato oḷārika’’nti ca ādīnavaṃ passati. Aṅgoḷārikatā panettha natthi. Yatheva hetaṃ rūpaṃ duvaṅgikaṃ, evaṃ āruppānipīti.
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他在那里如是见到过患之后,遍尽爱著,把空无边处作意为寂静、为无边,把遍扩展到以轮围为边际,或者想要多大就[扩展]多大,对它所触及之处,作意「虚空、虚空」或「虚空是无边的」,而去除遍。因为去除时,既不像[卷]席子那样卷起,也不像从锅里取出饼那样拿起,而只是不转向它、不作意[它]、不省察[它];不转向、不作意、不省察,而专对它所触及之处作意「虚空、虚空」,名为去除遍。而遍在被去除时,既不翻起,也不卷走,只是缘于他对它的不作意与「虚空、虚空」的作意,才名为被去除了,[此时]只显现去除遍[后]的虚空。「去除遍[后]的虚空」也好,「遍所触及之处」也好,「离遍的虚空」也好,这一切都是同一[物]。

So tattha evaṃ ādīnavaṃ disvā nikantiṃ pariyādāya ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ santato anantato manasikaritvā cakkavāḷapariyantaṃ vā yattakaṃ icchati tattakaṃ vā kasiṇaṃ pattharitvā tena phuṭṭhokāsaṃ ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti vā, ‘‘ananto ākāso’’ti vā manasikaronto ugghāṭeti kasiṇaṃ. Ugghāṭento hi neva kilañjaṃ viya saṃvelleti, na kapālato pūvaṃ viya uddharati, kevalaṃ pana taṃ neva āvajjeti, na manasi karoti, na paccavekkhati, anāvajjento amanasikaronto apaccavekkhanto ca aññadatthu tena phuṭṭhokāsaṃ ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti manasikaronto kasiṇaṃ ugghāṭeti nāma. Kasiṇampi ugghāṭiyamānaṃ neva ubbaṭṭati na vivaṭṭati, kevalaṃ imassa amanasikārañca ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti manasikārañca paṭicca ugghāṭitaṃ nāma hoti, kasiṇugghāṭimākāsamattaṃ paññāyati. Kasiṇugghāṭimākāsanti vā kasiṇaphuṭṭhokāsoti vā kasiṇavivittākāsanti vā sabbametaṃ ekameva.
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他对那去除遍[后]的虚空相,一再转向「虚空、虚空」,使[它]被思所击、被寻所击。当他如是一再转向、使[它]被思所击、被寻所击时,诸盖被镇伏,念住立,心以近行得定。他一再习行、修习、多作那相。当他如是一再转向、作意时,犹如色界心于地遍等[安止],空无边处心于虚空安止。因为在这里,前分中的三个或四个速行也是欲界的、唯与舍受相应的;第四个或第五个是无色界的。其余的与地遍中所说的方法相同。

So taṃ kasiṇugghāṭimākāsanimittaṃ ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti punappunaṃ āvajjeti, takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ karoti. Tassevaṃ punappunaṃ āvajjayato takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ karoto nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ punappunaṃ āvajjayato manasikaroto pathavīkasiṇādīsu rūpāvacaracittaṃ viya ākāse ākāsānañcāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Idhāpi hi purimabhāge tīṇi cattāri vā javanāni kāmāvacarāni upekkhāvedanāsampayuttāneva honti. Catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ vā arūpāvacaraṃ. Sesaṃ pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayameva.
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而这是差别:无色界心如是生起时,犹如有人以青色的布片,或黄、赤、白等中任一种布片,把车口、小门口、瓮口等中的任何一个绑住而注视着,当布片被风力或别的任何[东西]移去时,就站着只注视着虚空;正是这样,那比丘先前以禅眼注视着遍的圆盘而住,以「虚空、虚空」这遍作的作意,在那相忽然被移去时,就只注视着虚空而住。至此,他便被称为「完全超越色想,有对想灭没,不作意种种想,[知]『虚空是无边的』,成就并住于空无边处」(《分别论》508;《长部》2.129)。

Ayaṃ pana viseso, evaṃ uppanne arūpāvacaracitte so bhikkhu yathā nāma yānapputoḷi kumbhimukhādīnaṃ aññataraṃ nīlapilotikāya vā pītalohitodātādīnaṃ vā aññatarāya pilotikāya bandhitvā pekkhamāno puriso vātavegena vā aññena vā kenaci apanītāya pilotikāya ākāsaṃyeva pekkhamāno tiṭṭheyya, evameva pubbe kasiṇamaṇḍalaṃ jhānacakkhunā pekkhamāno viharitvā ‘‘ākāso ākāso’’ti iminā parikammamanasikārena sahasā apanīte tasmiṃ nimitte ākāsaññeva pekkhamāno viharati. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti vuccati (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129).
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二百七十七、此中,「完全(sabbaso)」者:即以一切行相,或者,即全部、无余的,此是其义。「色想(rūpasaññānaṃ)」者:即以想为首而说的色界诸禅,以及它们的所缘。因为在「有色者见诸色」等处(《长部》2.129),色界禅也称为「色」;在「见外诸色,美色的与丑色的」等处(《长部》2.173),它的所缘也[称为「色」];所以此处,「于色的想为色想」,如是这是以想为首而说的色界禅的增语。它有色[作为]称号(saññā),故为「色想」;即「色是它的名」,是所说的意思。应知这也是那分为地遍等的、它的所缘的增语。「超越(samatikkamā)」者:即由于离贪与灭。这说的是什么?由于这些依善、异熟、唯作而有的十五种称为禅的色想,以及这些依地遍等而有的九种称为所缘的色想,以一切行相、或无余地离贪与灭,[即]以离贪为因、以灭为因,成就并住于空无边处。因为未完全超越色想者,是不能成就并住于这[空无边处]的。

277. Tattha sabbasoti sabbākārena, sabbāsaṃ vā anavasesānanti attho. Rūpasaññānanti saññāsīsena vuttarūpāvacarajjhānānañceva tadārammaṇānañca. Rūpāvacarajjhānampi hi rūpanti vuccati ‘‘rūpī rūpāni passatī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.129), tassa ārammaṇampi ‘‘bahiddhā rūpāni passati suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.173), tasmā idha rūpe saññā rūpasaññāti evaṃ saññāsīsena vuttarūpāvacarajjhānassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Rūpaṃ saññā assāti rūpasaññaṃ. Rūpaṃ assa nāmanti vuttaṃ hoti. Pathavīkasiṇādibhedassa tadārammaṇassa cetaṃ adhivacananti veditabbaṃ. Samatikkamāti virāgā nirodhā ca. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Etāsaṃ kusalavipākakiriyavasena pañcadasannaṃ jhānasaṅkhātānaṃ rūpasaññānaṃ, etesañca pathavīkasiṇādivasena navannaṃ ārammaṇasaṅkhātānaṃ rūpasaññānaṃ sabbākārena anavasesānaṃ vā virāgā ca nirodhā ca virāgahetuñceva nirodhahetuñca ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Na hi sakkā sabbaso anatikkantarūpasaññena etaṃ upasampajja viharitunti.
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此中,由于对所缘未离贪者没有想的超越,而在诸想已被超越时,所缘也就已被超越,所以在《分别论》中不说所缘的超越,而这样只说了诸想的超越:「此中,什么是色想?已入色界等至者、或已投生[色界]者、或现法乐住者的想、想知、已想知之性——这些称为色想。他已越过、已超过、已超越这些色想。因此称为『完全超越色想』。」(《分别论》602)然而,由于这些等至是应以所缘的超越而达到的,不像初禅等那样在同一个所缘上,所以应知,这[里]也依所缘的超越作了义释。

Tattha yasmā ārammaṇe avirattassa saññāsamatikkamo na hoti, samatikkantāsu ca saññāsu ārammaṇaṃ samatikkantameva hoti. Tasmā ārammaṇasamatikkamaṃ avatvā ‘‘tattha katamā rūpasaññā? Rūpāvacarasamāpattiṃ samāpannassa vā upapannassa vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārissa vā saññā sañjānanā sañjānitattaṃ, imā vuccanti rūpasaññāyo. Imā rūpasaññāyo atikkanto hoti vītikkanto samatikkanto. Tena vuccati sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā’’ti (vibha. 602) evaṃ vibhaṅge saññānaṃyeva samatikkamo vutto. Yasmā pana ārammaṇasamatikkamena pattabbā etā samāpattiyo, na ekasmiññeva ārammaṇe paṭhamajjhānādīni viya. Tasmā ayaṃ ārammaṇasamatikkamavasenāpi atthavaṇṇanā katāti veditabbā.
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二百七十八、「有对想灭没(paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā)」者:由眼等依处与色等所缘的撞击而生起的想,为有对想。这是色想等的增语。即如所说:「此中,什么是有对想?色想、声想、香想、味想、所触想——这些称为有对想。」(《分别论》603)由于那五种善异熟、五种不善异熟——全部十种有对想的灭没、舍断、不生起,即使之不转起,是所说的意思。

278. Paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamāti cakkhādīnaṃ vatthūnaṃ rūpādīnaṃ ārammaṇānañca paṭighātena samuppannā saññā paṭighasaññā. Rūpasaññādīnaṃ etamadhivacanaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘tattha katamā paṭighasaññā? Rūpasaññā saddasaññā gandhasaññā rasasaññā phoṭṭhabbasaññā, imā vuccanti paṭighasaññāyo’’ti (vibha. 603). Tāsaṃ kusalavipākānaṃ pañcannaṃ, akusalavipākānaṃ pañcannanti sabbaso dasannampi paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā pahānā asamuppādā appavattiṃ katvāti vuttaṃ hoti.
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诚然,这些[想]在已入初禅等者也是没有的。因为在那时,心不依五门转起。虽是如此,犹如在别处已断的乐与苦[在]第四禅[中被说],又如有身见等[在]第三道[中被说],应知此处说这些[想],是为了对这禅生起努力,依赞叹这禅[而说]的。

Kāmañcetā paṭhamajjhānādīni samāpannassāpi na santi. Na hi tasmiṃ samaye pañcadvāravasena cittaṃ pavattati. Evaṃ santepi aññattha pahīnānaṃ sukhadukkhānaṃ catutthajjhāne viya, sakkāyadiṭṭhādīnaṃ tatiyamagge viya ca imasmiṃ jhāne ussāhajananatthaṃ imassa jhānassa pasaṃsāvasena etāsamettha vacanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
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或者,虽然这些[想]在已入色界[禅]者也是没有的,然而不是由于已断而没有。因为色界修习不导向对色的离贪,而这些[想]的转起是依于色的。而这修习导向对色的离贪。所以可以说它们在这里已断。不仅可以这样说,也可以一向如此确认。因为正由于它们在此之前未断,世尊才说声对已入初禅者是「刺」(《增支部》10.72)。而在这里,正由于[它们]已断,才说诸无色等至的不动性(《分别论》226)与寂静解脱性(《中部》1.66)。又,阿罗逻·迦罗摩入无色等至时,约五百辆车挨着[他]一辆接一辆经过,他既没看见,也没听到声音(《长部》2.192)。

Atha vā kiñcāpi tā rūpāvacaraṃ samāpannassāpi na santi, atha kho na pahīnattā na santi. Na hi rūpavirāgāya rūpāvacarabhāvanā saṃvattati, rūpāyattā ca etāsaṃ pavatti. Ayaṃ pana bhāvanā rūpavirāgāya saṃvattati. Tasmā tā ettha pahīnāti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Na kevalañca vattuṃ, ekaṃseneva evaṃ dhāretumpi vaṭṭati. Tāsañhi ito pubbe appahīnattāyeva paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa saddo ‘‘kaṇṭako’’ti (a. ni. 10.72) vutto bhagavatā. Idha ca pahīnattāyeva arūpasamāpattīnaṃ āneñjatā (vibha. 226) santavimokkhatā (ma. ni. 1.66) ca vuttā. Āḷāro ca kālāmo arūpasamāpanno pañcamattāni sakaṭasatāni nissāya nissāya atikkamantāni neva addasa, na pana saddaṃ assosīti (dī. ni. 2.192).
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二百七十九、「不作意种种想(nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā)」者:即于种种的行境中转起的诸想,或种种的诸想。因为在《分别论》中如是分别而说的「此中,什么是种种想?未入定者、具有意界者或具有意识界者的想、想知、已想知之性——这些称为种种想」(《分别论》604),此处所意指的这些未入定者的、为意界与意识界所摄的想,转起于分为色、声等的、种种的、种种自性的行境中;又由于这八种欲界善想、十二种不善想、十一种欲界善异熟想、两种不善异熟想、十一种欲界唯作想,如是这四十四种想都是种种的、种种自性的、彼此不相似的,所以称为种种想。由于对那些种种想完全不作意、不转向、不专注、不省察。由于他不转向它们、不作意[它们]、不省察[它们],所以——是所说的意思。

279. Nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārāti nānatte vā gocare pavattānaṃ saññānaṃ, nānattānaṃ vā saññānaṃ. Yasmā hi etā ‘‘tattha katamā nānattasaññā? Asamāpannassa manodhātusamaṅgissa vā manoviññāṇadhātusamaṅgissa vā saññā sañjānanā sañjānitattaṃ, imā vuccanti nānattasaññāyo’’ti evaṃ vibhaṅge (vibha. 604) vibhajitvā vuttā idha adhippetā asamāpannassa manodhātumanoviññāṇadhātusaṅgahitā saññā rūpasaddādibhede nānatte nānāsabhāve gocare pavattanti, yasmā cetā aṭṭha kāmāvacarakusalasaññā, dvādasākusalasaññā, ekādasa kāmāvacarakusalavipākasaññā, dve akusalavipākasaññā, ekādasa kāmāvacarakiriyasaññāti evaṃ catucattālīsampi saññā nānattā nānāsabhāvā aññamaññaṃ asadisā, tasmā nānattasaññāti vuttā. Tāsaṃ sabbaso nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā anāvajjanā asamannāhārā apaccavekkhaṇā. Yasmā tā nāvajjeti, na manasi karoti, na paccavekkhati, tasmāti vuttaṃ hoti.
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又由于此中前面的色想与有对想,即使在以这禅所生的有中也不存在,何况在那有中成就并住于这禅之时,所以对它们以「超越」「灭没」两种[说法]所说的都只是[它们的]不存在。而在种种想中,由于这八种欲界善想、九种唯作想、十种不善想——这二十七种想在以这禅所生的有中是存在的,所以应知对它们说「不作意」。因为即使在那里,成就并住于这禅者,也正是由于不作意它们而成就并住;而作意它们时,他就是未入定者。

Yasmā cettha purimā rūpasaññā paṭighasaññā ca iminā jhānena nibbatte bhavepi na vijjanti. Pageva tasmiṃ bhave imaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharaṇakāle, tasmā tāsaṃ samatikkamā atthaṅgamāti dvedhāpi abhāvoyeva vutto. Nānattasaññāsu pana yasmā aṭṭha kāmāvacarakusalasaññā, nava kiriyasaññā, dasākusalasaññāti imā sattavīsatisaññā iminā jhānena nibbatte bhave vijjanti, tasmā tāsaṃ amanasikārāti vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Tatrāpi hi imaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharanto tāsaṃ amanasikārāyeva upasampajja viharati, tā pana manasikaronto asamāpanno hotīti.
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而此中简略地说:应知以「超越色想」,说了一切色界法的舍断;以「有对想灭没,不作意种种想」,说了一切欲界心与心所的舍断与不作意。

Saṅkhepato cettha rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamāti iminā sabbarūpāvacaradhammānaṃ pahānaṃ vuttaṃ. Paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārāti iminā sabbesaṃ kāmāvacaracittacetasikānaṃ pahānañca amanasikāro ca vuttoti veditabbo.
280缅 1.325已对照

二百八十、「虚空是无边的(ananto ākāso)」此中:它的生起之边或灭去之边都不被了知,故为「无边」。「虚空」称为去除遍[后]的虚空。此中也应依作意而了知无边性。正因此,在《分别论》中说:「他把心安置于那虚空,令[心]安住,遍满无边,因此称为『虚空是无边的』。」(《分别论》605)

而「成就并住于空无边处(ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati)」此中:它没有边,故为「无边(ananta)」;虚空是无边的,[故为]「虚空无边(ākāsānanta)」;虚空无边正是「空无边(ākāsānañca)」;那空无边,依依处之义,是这连同相应法的禅的处(āyatana),犹如诸天的天处一般,故为「空无边处(ākāsānañcāyatana)」。

「成就并住(upasampajja viharati)」者:即达到、成办那空无边处之后,以与之相应的威仪住而住。

这是关于空无边处业处的详说。

280. Ananto ākāsoti ettha nāssa uppādanto vā vayanto vā paññāyatīti ananto. Ākāsoti kasiṇugghāṭimākāso vuccati. Manasikāravasenāpi cettha anantatā veditabbā. Teneva vibhaṅge vuttaṃ ‘‘tasmiṃ ākāse cittaṃ ṭhapeti, saṇṭhapeti, anantaṃ pharati, tena vuccati ananto ākāso’’ti (vibha. 605).
Ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatīti ettha pana nāssa antoti anantaṃ, ākāsaṃ anantaṃ ākāsānantaṃ, ākāsānantameva ākāsānañcaṃ, taṃ ākāsānañcaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanamassa sasampayuttadhammassa jhānassa devānaṃ devāyatanamivāti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ.
Upasampajja viharatīti tamākāsānañcāyatanaṃ patvā nipphādetvā tadanurūpena iriyāpathavihārena viharatīti.
Ayaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.
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识无边处论

Viññāṇañcāyatanakathā
281已对照

二百八十一、而想修习识无边处者,应由于在空无边处等至上以五种行相已得串习自在,见到空无边处的过患:「这等至以邻近的色界禅为敌,且不如识无边处那样寂静」,遍尽对它的爱著,把识无边处作意为寂静,对那遍满那虚空而转起的识,一再转向「识、识」,作意,省察,使[它]被思所击、被寻所击。但不应作意「无边、无边」。

281. Viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pañcahākārehi ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyaṃ ciṇṇavasībhāvena ‘‘āsannarūpāvacarajjhānapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpatti, no ca viññāṇañcāyatanamiva santā’’ti ākāsānañcāyatane ādīnavaṃ disvā tattha nikantiṃ pariyādāya viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ santato manasikaritvā taṃ ākāsaṃ pharitvā pavattaviññāṇaṃ ‘‘viññāṇaṃ viññāṇa’’nti punappunaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ, manasikātabbaṃ, paccavekkhitabbaṃ, takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ kātabbaṃ. ‘‘Anantaṃ ananta’’nti pana na manasikātabbaṃ.
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当他如是在那相上一再运转心时,诸盖被镇伏,念住立,心以近行得定。他一再习行、修习、多作那相。当他如是作时,犹如空无边处[心]于虚空[安止],识无边处心于遍满虚空的识上安止。而此中安止的方法,应依所说的方法了知。至此,他便被称为「完全超越空无边处,[知]『识是无边的』,成就并住于识无边处」(《分别论》508;《长部》2.129)。

Tassevaṃ tasmiṃ nimitte punappunaṃ cittaṃ cārentassa nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ karoto ākāse ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ viya ākāsaphuṭe viññāṇe viññāṇañcāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Appanānayo panettha vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129) vuccati.
282缅 1.326已对照

二百八十二、此中,「完全」这[一语],与所说的方法相同。而「超越空无边处(ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma)」此中,依前面所说的方法,禅也是空无边处,所缘也是。因为所缘也依前面的方法:它是空无边,又由于是第一无色禅的所缘,犹如诸天的天处一般,依依处之义是处,故为「空无边处」。同样,它是空无边,又由于是那禅的生起之因,犹如「剑浮沙是马的出产地」等[语]一般,依生起之地的义是处,故也为「空无边处」。如是,由于必须以令[它]不转起与不作意[它],超越了禅与所缘这两者,才能成就并住于这识无边处,所以应知是把这两者合为一而说了「超越空无边处」这句。

「识是无边的(anantaṃ viññāṇaṃ)」者:是说对那个如是以「虚空是无边的」遍满那[虚空]而转起的识,如是作意「识是无边的」。或者,依作意而为无边。因为他无余地作意那以虚空为所缘的识时,便作意为「无边」。而《分别论》中所说的「『识是无边的』:他作意那同一虚空为识所遍满,遍满无边,因此称为『识是无边的』」(《分别论》610),

其中,「以识(viññāṇena)」应知是用于业格之义的具格。因为诸义注师如是解释它的义:他作意那遍满了那同一虚空的识,遍满无边——是所说的意思。

而「成就并住于识无边处(viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati)」此中:它没有边,故为「无边(ananta)」。无边正是「无边性(ānañca)」。识的无边性,不说为「识无边性(viññāṇānañca)」,而说为「识无边(viññāṇañca)」,因为这在此是惯用语。那识无边,依依处之义,是这连同相应法的禅的处,犹如诸天的天处一般,故为「识无边处」。其余的与前面相同。

这是关于识无边处业处的详说。

282. Tattha sabbasoti idaṃ vuttanayameva. Ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkammāti ettha pana pubbe vuttanayena jhānampi ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, ārammaṇampi. Ārammaṇampi hi purimanayeneva ākāsānañcañca taṃ paṭhamassa āruppajjhānassa ārammaṇattā devānaṃ devāyatanaṃ viya adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanañcāti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ. Tathā ākāsānañcañca taṃ tassa jhānassa sañjātihetuttā ‘‘kambojā assānaṃ āyatana’’ntiādīni viya sañjātidesaṭṭhena āyatanañcātipi ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ. Evametaṃ jhānañca ārammaṇañcāti ubhayampi appavattikaraṇena ca amanasikaraṇena ca samatikkamitvāva yasmā idaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihātabbaṃ, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā ‘‘ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkammā’’ti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
Anantaṃ viññāṇanti taṃyeva ananto ākāsoti evaṃ pharitvā pavattaviññāṇaṃ ‘‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’’nti evaṃ manasikarontoti vuttaṃ hoti. Manasikāravasena vā anantaṃ. So hi tamākāsārammaṇaṃ viññāṇaṃ anavasesato manasikaronto ‘‘ananta’’nti manasi karoti. Yaṃ pana vibhaṅge vuttaṃ ‘‘anantaṃ viññāṇanti, taṃyeva ākāsaṃ viññāṇena phuṭaṃ manasi karoti, anantaṃ pharati, tena vuccati anantaṃ viññāṇa’’nti (vibha. 610).
Tattha viññāṇenāti upayogatthe karaṇavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Evañhi aṭṭhakathācariyā tassa atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti, anantaṃ pharati taññeva ākāsaṃ phuṭaṃ viññāṇaṃ manasi karotīti vuttaṃ hoti.
Viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatīti ettha pana nāssa antoti anantaṃ. Anantameva ānañcaṃ. Viññāṇaṃ ānañcaṃ viññāṇānañcanti avatvā viññāṇañcanti vuttaṃ. Ayañhettha rūḷhīsaddo. Taṃ viññāṇañcaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanamassa sasampayuttadhammassa jhānassa devānaṃ devāyatanamivāti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ. Sesaṃ purimasadisamevāti.
Ayaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.
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无所有处论

Ākiñcaññāyatanakathā
283缅 1.327已对照

二百八十三、而欲修习无所有处者,以五种行相在识无边处等至上成为串习自在者之后,见识无边处的过患——「这等至以空无边处为近敌,又不如无所有处那样寂静」——遍尽对它的爱著(nikanti),作意无所有处为寂静,应当作意那作为识无边处之所缘的同一空无边处识的非有、空性、远离之相。如何[作意]呢?不作意那识,而应一再地转向、作意、省察「没有,没有」,或「空,空」,或「远离,远离」,应令[它]为思所击、为寻所击。

283. Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pañcahākārehi viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyaṃ ciṇṇavasībhāvena ‘‘āsannaākāsānañcāyatanapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpatti, no ca ākiñcaññāyatanamiva santā’’ti viññāṇañcāyatane ādīnavaṃ disvā tattha nikantiṃ pariyādāya ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ santato manasikaritvā tasseva viññāṇañcāyatanārammaṇabhūtassa ākāsānañcāyatanaviññāṇassa abhāvo suññatā vivittākāro manasikātabbo. Kathaṃ? Taṃ viññāṇaṃ amanasikaritvā ‘‘natthi natthī’’ti vā, ‘‘suññaṃ suñña’’nti vā, ‘‘vivittaṃ vivitta’’nti vā punappunaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ, manasikātabbaṃ, paccavekkhitabbaṃ, takkāhataṃ vitakkāhataṃ kātabbaṃ.
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当他这样于那相上运转心时,诸盖被镇伏,念住立,心以近行而得定。他一再地串习、修习、多作那相。当他这样作时,犹如于遍满虚空的广大识上[有]识无边处[心安止]那样,于那遍满虚空而转起的同一广大识的空、远离、无有之状上,无所有处心便安止。而此中的安止之理趣,也应依所说的方法了知。

Tassevaṃ tasmiṃ nimitte cittaṃ cārentassa nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ karoto ākāse phuṭe mahaggataviññāṇe viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ viya tasseva ākāsaṃ pharitvā pavattassa mahaggataviññāṇassa suññavivittanatthibhāve ākiñcaññāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Etthāpi ca appanānayo vuttanayeneva veditabbo.
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而这是差别:因为当那安止心生起时,那位比丘——犹如有一个人,见比丘僧团为某件应作之事而集会于圆亭等处,便到别处去了;待集会的事务一结束、诸比丘起身离去之后,他回来站在门口,再看那地方,只见其空,只见其远离;他不会这样想:「有这么多比丘或已命终,或已往他方去了」,而是只见其无有之状:「这里是空的、远离的」——同样,他先前以识无边处禅那之眼看着那于虚空中转起的识而住,[如今]当那识以「没有,没有」等遍作作意而隐没时,他便唯见称为它之离去的非有而住。而到此为止,他被称为「完全超越识无边处,[知]『什么都没有』,成就并住于无所有处」(《分别论》508;《长部》2.129)。

Ayaṃ pana viseso, tasmiṃ hi appanācitte uppanne so bhikkhu yathā nāma puriso maṇḍalamāḷādīsu kenacideva karaṇīyena sannipatitaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ disvā katthaci gantvā sannipātakiccāvasāneva uṭṭhāya pakkantesu bhikkhūsu āgantvā dvāre ṭhatvā puna taṃ ṭhānaṃ olokento suññameva passati, vivittameva passati. Nāssa evaṃ hoti ‘‘ettakā nāma bhikkhū kālaṅkatā vā disāpakkantā vā’’ti, atha kho suññamidaṃ vivittanti natthibhāvameva passati, evameva pubbe ākāse pavattitaviññāṇaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanajjhānacakkhunā passanto viharitvā ‘‘natthi natthī’’tiādinā parikammamanasikārena antarahite tasmiṃ viññāṇe tassa apagamasaṅkhātaṃ abhāvameva passanto viharati. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma natthi kiñcīti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129) vuccati.
284缅 1.328已对照

二百八十四、此处「完全(sabbaso)」这[语],也与所说的方法相同。而在「识无边处(viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ)」此中,也依前面所说的方法,禅那也是识无边处,所缘也是识无边处。因为所缘也依前面的方法,既是识无边(viññāṇañca),又由于是第二无色禅那的所缘,犹如诸天的天处(devāyatana)一般,依所依处之义而为处(āyatana),故为「识无边处」。同样,它既是识无边,又由于是那同一禅那的生起之因,犹如「剑浮沙是马的出产地」等[语]一般,依生起之地之义而为处,故也是「识无边处」。如是,这禅那与所缘二者,唯有以令其不转起与不作意而超越之后,才应成就并住于这无所有处;所以应知,是把这二者合而为一,说了「超越识无边处」这[语]。

「什么都没有(natthi kiñci)」者:即这样作意「没有,没有」「空,空」「远离,远离」——是所说的意思。而《分别论》中所说的「『什么都没有』者:即令那同一识非有、令消除、令隐没,见『什么都没有』,因此称为『什么都没有』」,那[语]虽然说得犹如依灭尽而思择(sammasana),然而它的义应正如是见。因为不转向、不作意、不省察那识,唯作意它的无有之状、空之状、远离之状的人,被称为「令[它]非有、令消除、令隐没」,而非别样。

而在「成就并住于无所有处(ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati)」此中,它没有任何东西(kiñcana),故为「无所有(akiñcana)」——甚至连仅是坏[的刹那]也没有剩余,是所说的意思。无所有之性为「无所有性(ākiñcañña)」,这是空无边处识之离去的增语。那无所有性,犹如诸天的天处一般,依所依处之义是这禅那的处,故为「无所有处」。其余的唯与前面相似。

这是关于无所有处业处的详说。

284. Idhāpi sabbasoti idaṃ vuttanayameva. Viññāṇañcāyatananti etthāpi ca pubbe vuttanayeneva jhānampi viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ ārammaṇampi. Ārammaṇampi hi purimanayeneva viññāṇañcañca taṃ dutiyassa āruppajjhānassa ārammaṇattā devānaṃ devāyatanaṃ viya adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanañcāti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ. Tathā viññāṇañcañca taṃ tasseva jhānassa sañjātihetuttā ‘‘kambojā assānaṃ āyatana’’ntiādīni viya sañjātidesaṭṭhena āyatanañcātipi viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ. Evametaṃ jhānañca ārammaṇañcāti ubhayampi appavattikaraṇena ca amanasikaraṇena ca samatikkamitvāva yasmā idaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihātabbaṃ, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkammāti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
Natthi kiñcīti natthi natthi, suññaṃ suññaṃ, vivittaṃ vivittanti evaṃ manasikarontoti vuttaṃ hoti. Yampi vibhaṅge vuttaṃ ‘‘natthi kiñcīti taññeva viññāṇaṃ abhāveti vibhāveti antaradhāpeti natthi kiñcīti passati, tena vuccati natthi kiñcī’’ti, taṃ kiñcāpi khayato sammasanaṃ viya vuttaṃ, atha khvassa evameva attho daṭṭhabbo. Tañhi viññāṇaṃ anāvajjento amanasikaronto apaccavekkhanto kevalamassa natthibhāvaṃ suññabhāvaṃ vivittabhāvameva manasikaronto abhāveti vibhāveti antaradhāpetīti vuccati, na aññathāti.
Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatīti ettha pana nāssa kiñcananti akiñcanaṃ, antamaso bhaṅgamattampi assa avasiṭṭhaṃ natthīti vuttaṃ hoti. Akiñcanassa bhāvo ākiñcaññaṃ, ākāsānañcāyatanaviññāṇāpagamassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Taṃ ākiñcaññaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanamassa jhānassa devānaṃ devāyatanamivāti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ. Sesaṃ purimasadisamevāti.
Ayaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.
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非想非非想处论

Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakathā
285缅 1.329已对照

二百八十五、而欲修习非想非非想处者,以五种行相在无所有处等至上成为串习自在者之后,或[见]「这等至以识无边处为近敌,又不如非想非非想处那样寂静」,或[见]「想是病,想是痈,想是箭;这是寂静的,这是殊胜的,即:非想非非想」——如是见了无所有处的过患与上[地]的功德利益之后,遍尽对无所有处的爱著,作意非想非非想处为寂静,应一再地转向、作意、省察「那以非有为所缘而转起的无所有处等至,正是寂静的、寂静的」,应令[它]为思所击、为寻所击。

285. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ bhāvetukāmena pana pañcahākārehi ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyaṃ ciṇṇavasībhāvena ‘‘āsannaviññāṇañcāyatanapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpatti, no ca nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ viya santā’’ti vā ‘‘saññā rogo, saññā gaṇḍo, saññā sallaṃ, etaṃ santaṃ, etaṃ paṇītaṃ yadidaṃ nevasaññānāsaññā’’ti vā evaṃ ākiñcaññāyatane ādīnavaṃ, upari ānisaṃsañca disvā ākiñcaññāyatane nikantiṃ pariyādāya nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ santato manasikaritvā ‘‘sāva abhāvaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattitā ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpatti santā santā’’ti punappunaṃ āvajjitabbā, manasikātabbā, paccavekkhitabbā, takkāhatā vitakkāhatā kātabbā.
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当他这样于那相上一再运转意时,诸盖被镇伏,念住立,心以近行而得定。他一再地串习、修习、多作那相。当他这样作时,犹如于识之离去上[有]无所有处[心安止]那样,于称为无所有处等至的四蕴上,非想非非想处心便安止。而此中的安止之理趣应依所说的方法了知。而到此为止,他被称为「完全超越无所有处,成就并住于非想非非想处」(《分别论》508;《长部》2.129)。

Tassevaṃ tasmiṃ nimitte punappunaṃ mānasaṃ cārentassa nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhanti, sati santiṭṭhati, upacārena cittaṃ samādhiyati. So taṃ nimittaṃ punappunaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, bahulīkaroti. Tassevaṃ karoto viññāṇāpagame ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ viya ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattisaṅkhātesu catūsu khandhesu nevasaññānāsaññāyatanacittaṃ appeti. Appanānayo panettha vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Ettāvatā cesa ‘‘sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti (vibha. 508; dī. ni. 2.129) vuccati.
286已对照

二百八十六、此处「完全(sabbaso)」这[语],也与所说的方法相同。而在「超越无所有处(ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma)」此中,也依前面所说的方法,禅那也是无所有处,所缘也是无所有处。因为所缘也依前面的方法,既是无所有(ākiñcañña),又由于是第三无色禅那的所缘,犹如诸天的天处一般,依所依处之义而为处,故为「无所有处」。同样,它既是无所有,又由于是那同一禅那的生起之因,犹如「剑浮沙是马的出产地」等[语]一般,依生起之地之义而为处,故也是「无所有处」。如是,这禅那与所缘二者,唯有以令其不转起与不作意而超越之后,才应成就并住于这非想非非想处;所以应知,是把这二者合而为一,说了「超越无所有处」这[语]。

286. Idhāpi sabbasoti idaṃ vuttanayameva. Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkammāti etthāpi pubbe vuttanayeneva jhānampi ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ ārammaṇampi. Ārammaṇampi hi purimanayeneva ākiñcaññañca taṃ tatiyassa āruppajjhānassa ārammaṇattā devānaṃ devāyatanaṃ viya adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanañcāti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ. Tathā ākiñcaññañca taṃ tasseva jhānassa sañjātihetuttā kambojā assānaṃ āyatanantiādīni viya sañjātidesaṭṭhena āyatanañcātipi ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ. Evametaṃ jhānañca ārammaṇañcāti ubhayampi appavattikaraṇena ca amanasikaraṇena ca samatikkamitvāva yasmā idaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihātabbaṃ, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkammāti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
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而在「非想非非想处(nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ)」此中,[那禅那]是由于某种想的存在而被称为「非想非非想处」的。为了先显示如何行道者才有那想,《分别论》中举出「非想非非想者(nevasaññīnāsaññī)」之后说:「他作意那同一无所有处为寂静,修习行残余等至,因此称为『非想非非想者』」(《分别论》619)。此中,「作意为寂静(santato manasi karoti)」者:即[作意]「这等至真是寂静啊,因为它竟连无有之状也能作为所缘而住立」——如是由于所缘寂静,作意它为「寂静」。

Nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti ettha pana yāya saññāya bhāvato taṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti vuccati. Yathā paṭipannassa sā saññā hoti, taṃ tāva dassetuṃ vibhaṅge ‘‘nevasaññīnāsaññī’’ti uddharitvā ‘‘taññeva ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ santato manasi karoti, saṅkhārāvasesasamāpattiṃ bhāveti, tena vuccati nevasaññīnāsaññī’’ti (vibha. 619) vuttaṃ. Tattha santato manasi karotīti ‘‘santā vatāyaṃ samāpatti, yatra hi nāma natthibhāvampi ārammaṇaṃ karitvā ṭhassatī’’ti evaṃ santārammaṇatāya taṃ santāti manasi karoti.
缅 1.330已对照

若作意它为寂静,如何会有超越呢?由于不欲入[那等至]。因为他虽然作意它为寂静,然而他没有「我将转向它、入它、决意它、出它、省察它」这样的关注、专注、作意。为什么呢?由于非想非非想处比无所有处更寂静、更殊胜。

Santato ce manasi karoti, kathaṃ samatikkamo hotīti? Asamāpajjitukāmatāya. So hi kiñcāpi taṃ santato manasi karoti, atha khvassa ‘‘ahametaṃ āvajjissāmi, samāpajjissāmi, adhiṭṭhahissāmi, vuṭṭhahissāmi, paccavekkhissāmī’’ti esa ābhogo samannāhāro manasikāro na hoti. Kasmā? Ākiñcaññāyatanato nevasaññānāsaññāyatanassa santatarapaṇītataratāya.
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犹如国王以大王威骑在殊胜的象背上,于城市街道上巡行时,见象牙匠等工匠们以一块布紧紧地系作下衣、以一块缠头,肢体沾满象牙粉等,正在做象牙制品等多种技艺,便[想]:「啊,这些师傅真熟练啊,竟能做出这样的技艺」,如是因他们的熟练而欢喜,却不会这样想:「啊,愿我舍弃王位,成为这样的工匠」。那是什么缘故呢?由于王位荣华的功德利益大。他唯是越过那些工匠而去。同样,这[比丘]虽然作意那等至为寂静,然而他全然没有「我将转向这等至、入它、决意它、出它、省察它」这样的关注、专注、作意。

Yathā hi rājā mahacca rājānubhāvena hatthikkhandhavaragato nagaravīthiyaṃ vicaranto dantakārādayo sippike ekaṃ vatthaṃ daḷhaṃ nivāsetvā ekena sīsaṃ veṭhetvā dantacuṇṇādīhi samokiṇṇagatte anekāni dantavikatiādīni sippāni karonte disvā ‘‘aho vata re chekā ācariyā īdisānipi nāma sippāni karissantī’’ti evaṃ tesaṃ chekatāya tussati, na cassa evaṃ hoti ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ rajjaṃ pahāya evarūpo sippiko bhaveyya’’nti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Rajjasiriyā mahānisaṃsatāya. So sippino samatikkamitvāva gacchati. Evameva esa kiñcāpi taṃ samāpattiṃ santato manasi karoti, atha khvassa ‘‘ahametaṃ samāpattiṃ āvajjissāmi, samāpajjissāmi, adhiṭṭhahissāmi, vuṭṭhahissāmi, paccavekkhissāmī’’ti neva esa ābhogo samannāhāro manasikāro hoti.
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他作意它为寂静时,依前面所说的方法,达到那极微细、已达安止的想;由于那[想],他名为「非想非非想者」,被称为「修习行残余等至」。「行残余等至(saṅkhārāvasesasamāpattiṃ)」者:即诸行已达极微细之状的第四无色等至。

So taṃ santato manasikaronto pubbe vuttanayena taṃ paramasukhumaṃ appanāppattaṃ saññaṃ pāpuṇāti, yāya nevasaññīnāsaññī nāma hoti, saṅkhārāvasesasamāpattiṃ bhāvetīti vuccati. Saṅkhārāvasesasamāpattinti accantasukhumabhāvappattasaṅkhāraṃ catutthāruppasamāpattiṃ.
287缅 1.331已对照

二百八十七、现在,为依实义显示那依如是证得之想而被称为「非想非非想处」的[法],[《分别论》]说:「『非想非非想处』者:即已入非想非非想处者、或已生[于彼]者、或现法乐住者的心与心所诸法」(《分别论》620)。其中,此处所意指的是已入[定]者的心与心所诸法。而此中的语义是:由于粗的想无有,又由于细的[想]存在,这连同相应诸法的禅那,既非有想,亦非无想,故为「非想非非想」。它既是非想非非想,又由于属于意处与法处而是处,故为「非想非非想处」。或者,此中凡有的那想,由于不能作明了的想之作用,故是「非想」;由于以行残余的微细之状而存在,故是「非非想」,故为「非想非非想」。它既是非想非非想,又依其余诸法之所依处之义而是处,故为「非想非非想处」。

而此中不只是想如此,受也是非受非非受,心也是非心非非心,触也是非触非非触;于其余相应诸法也是这一理趣。而应知这教说是以想为首而作的。而此义应以涂钵之油等譬喻来阐明。

相传,一位沙弥用油涂了钵后放着。到了喝粥时,长老对他说:「把钵拿来。」他说:「尊者,钵里有油。」于是[长老]说:「沙弥,把油拿来,我要装满[油]筒。」他说:「尊者,没有油。」此中,犹如由于[那油]是在内过了宿的,依与粥一同[受用]便成不许可之义,而有「有油」[之说];依装满[油]筒等,而有「没有」[之说]。同样,那想也由于不能作明了的想之作用而是「非想」,由于以行残余的微细之状而存在而是「非非想」。

那么,此中的想之作用是什么呢?即认知所缘,以及成为观的境而令厌离生起。因为犹如温水中的火界[不能明了地作]燃烧的作用,这[想]也不能明了地作认知的作用。它也不能像其余等至中的想那样,成为观的境而令厌离生起。因为对其余诸蕴未作深入(abhinivesa)的比丘,能思择非想非非想处的诸蕴而达到厌离的,是没有的——除了具寿舍利弗。而本来修观的大慧者,唯如舍利弗那样的,或许能够。他也唯依「诸法原来如是——未有而生,有已而没」(《中部》3.95)这样的聚思择,而不是依逐法观(anupadadhammavipassanā)。这等至已达到如此微细之状。

而正如以涂钵之油喻,此义也应以路上之水喻来阐明。相传,一位沙弥走在行路的长老前面,见到少许水,便说:「尊者,有水,请脱鞋。」于是长老说:「若有水,把浴衣拿来,我们要沐浴。」他说:「尊者,没有。」此中,犹如依仅够沾湿鞋子之义而有「有水」[之说],依沐浴之义而有「没有」[之说];同样,那[想]也由于不能作明了的想之作用而是「非想」,由于以行残余的微细之状而存在而是「非非想」。

而不只是以这两个[譬喻],也应以其他相应的譬喻来阐明此义。「成就并住于(upasampajja viharati)」这[语],与所说的方法相同。

这是关于非想非非想处业处的详说。

287. Idāni yaṃ taṃ evamadhigatāya saññāya vasena nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti vuccati, taṃ atthato dassetuṃ ‘‘nevasaññānāsaññāyatananti nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa vā upapannassa vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārissa vā cittacetasikā dhammā’’ti (vibha. 620) vuttaṃ. Tesu idha samāpannassa cittacetasikā dhammā adhippetā. Vacanattho panettha oḷārikāya saññāya abhāvato sukhumāya ca bhāvato nevassa sasampayuttadhammassa jhānassa saññā nāsaññanti nevasaññānāsaññaṃ. Nevasaññānāsaññañca taṃ manāyatanadhammāyatanapariyāpannattā āyatanañcāti nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ. Atha vā yāyamettha saññā, sā paṭusaññākiccaṃ kātuṃ asamatthatāya nevasaññā, saṅkhārāvasesasukhumabhāvena vijjamānattā nāsaññāti nevasaññānāsaññā. Nevasaññānāsaññā ca sā sesadhammānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena āyatanañcāti nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ.
Na kevalañcettha saññāva edisī, atha kho vedanāpi nevavedanānāvedanā, cittampi nevacittaṃnācittaṃ, phassopi nevaphassonāphasso. Esa nayo sesasampayuttadhammesu. Saññāsīsena panāyaṃ desanā katāti veditabbā. Pattamakkhanatelappabhutīhi ca upamāhi esa attho vibhāvetabbo.
Sāmaṇero kira telena pattaṃ makkhetvā ṭhapesi, taṃ yāgupānakāle thero pattamāharāti āha. So ‘‘patte telamatthi, bhante’’ti āha. Tato ‘‘āhara, sāmaṇera, telaṃ, nāḷiṃ pūressāmī’’ti vutte ‘‘natthi, bhante, tela’’nti āha. Tattha yathā antovutthattā yāguyā saddhiṃ akappiyaṭṭhena ‘‘telamatthī’’ti hoti. Nāḷipūraṇādīnaṃ vasena ‘‘natthī’’ti hoti. Evaṃ sāpi saññā paṭusaññākiccaṃ kātuṃ asamatthatāya nevasaññā, saṅkhārāvasesasukhumabhāvena vijjamānattā nāsaññā hoti.
Kiṃ panettha saññākiccanti? Ārammaṇasañjānanañceva vipassanāya ca visayabhāvaṃ upagantvā nibbidājananaṃ. Dahanakiccamiva hi sukhodake tejodhātu sañjānanakiccaṃ pesā paṭuṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti. Sesasamāpattīsu saññā viya vipassanāya visayabhāvaṃ upagantvā nibbidājananampi kātuṃ na sakkoti. Aññesu hi khandhesu akatābhiniveso bhikkhu nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakkhandhe sammasitvā nibbidaṃ pattuṃ samattho nāma natthi apica āyasmā sāriputto. Pakativipassako pana mahāpañño sāriputtasadisova sakkuṇeyya. Sopi ‘‘evaṃ kirime dhammā ahutvā sambhonti, hutvā paṭiventī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.95) evaṃ kalāpasammasanavaseneva, no anupadadhammavipassanāvasena. Evaṃ sukhumattaṃ gatā esā samāpatti.
Yathā ca pattamakkhanatelūpamāya, evaṃ maggudakūpamāyapi ayamattho vibhāvetabbo. Maggappaṭipannassa kira therassa purato gacchanto sāmaṇero thokaṃ udakaṃ disvā ‘‘udakaṃ, bhante, upāhanā omuñcathā’’ti āha. Tato therena ‘‘sace udakamatthi, āhara nhānasāṭikaṃ, nhāyissāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘natthi, bhante’’ti āha. Tattha yathā upāhanatemanamattaṭṭhena ‘‘udakamatthī’’ti hoti, nhāyanaṭṭhena ‘‘natthī’’ti hoti. Evampi sā paṭusaññākiccaṃ kātuṃ asamatthatāya nevasaññā, saṅkhārāvasesasukhumabhāvena vijjamānattā nāsaññā hoti.
Na kevalañca etāheva, aññāhipi anurūpāhi upamāhi esa attho vibhāvetabbo. Upasampajja viharatīti idaṃ vuttanayamevāti.
Ayaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakammaṭṭhāne vitthārakathā.
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杂论

Pakiṇṇakakathā
288已对照

二百八十八、形貌无比的怙主,说那无色有四种;

288. Asadisarūpo nātho, āruppaṃ yaṃ catubbidhaṃ āha.
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如是知了它之后,关于它的杂论也应了知。

Taṃ iti ñatvā tasmiṃ, pakiṇṇakakathāpi viññeyyā.
289已对照

二百八十九、因为诸无色等至——

289. Āruppasamāpattiyo hi –
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由于所缘的超越,这四者都得以成立;

Ārammaṇātikkamato, catassopi bhavantimā;
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而它们的支的超越,明智者们不认许。

Aṅgātikkamametāsaṃ, na icchanti vibhāvino.
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因为在这些[等至]中,由于超越色相而有第一,由于超越虚空而有第二,由于超越于虚空中转起的识而有第三,由于超越于虚空中转起的识的离去而有第四——如是应知,这四种无色等至都完全由于超越所缘而成立。而智者们不认许它们有支的超越。因为它们中没有像色界等至中那样的支的超越。因为在这一切[无色等至]中,都只有舍与心一境性这两个禅支。

Etāsu hi rūpanimittātikkamato paṭhamā, ākāsātikkamato dutiyā, ākāse pavattitaviññāṇātikkamato tatiyā. Ākāse pavattitaviññāṇassa apagamātikkamato catutthīti sabbathā ārammaṇātikkamato catassopi bhavantimā āruppasamāpattiyoti veditabbā. Aṅgātikkamaṃ pana etāsaṃ na icchanti paṇḍitā. Na hi rūpāvacarasamāpattīsu viya etāsu aṅgātikkamo atthi. Sabbāsupi hi etāsu upekkhā, cittekaggatāti dve eva jhānaṅgāni honti.
290已对照

二百九十、虽然如此——

290. Evaṃ santepi –
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此中后后[等至],都是更为极殊胜;

Suppaṇītatarā honti, pacchimā pacchimā idha;
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于此应知的譬喻,是楼层与衣布。

Upamā tattha viññeyyā, pāsādatalasāṭikā.
缅 1.333已对照

犹如在四层楼阁的最下层,依天界的舞、歌、乐、芳香、花鬘、饮食、卧具、衣服等,备有殊胜的五欲功德;在第二[层]比那更殊胜;在第三[层]比那更殊胜;在第四[层]一切中最殊胜。此中,虽然那四者都只是楼层,依楼层之性它们没有差别,然而依五欲功德丰盛的差别,上上[层]比下下[层]更殊胜。

Yathā hi catubhūmikassa pāsādassa heṭṭhimatale dibbanaccagītavāditasurabhigandhamālābhojanasayanacchādanādivasena paṇītā pañcakāmaguṇā paccupaṭṭhitā assu. Dutiye tato paṇītatarā. Tatiye tato paṇītatarā. Catutthe sabbapaṇītatarā. Tattha kiñcāpi tāni cattāripi pāsādatalāneva, natthi nesaṃ pāsādatalabhāvena viseso. Pañcakāmaguṇasamiddhavisesena pana heṭṭhimato heṭṭhimato uparimaṃ uparimaṃ paṇītataraṃ hoti.
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又犹如有一位妇人,以[亲手]纺成的粗线、细线、更细之线、最细之线,[织成]四波罗(pala)、三波罗、二波罗、一波罗的衣布,长与宽都相等。此中,那四块衣布虽然长与宽都相等,依尺寸它们没有差别,然而依触感舒适、细软之性、贵重之性,后后者比前前者更殊胜;同样,在这四[等至]中,虽然都只有舍与心一境性这两个支,然而由于修习的差别,它们的支以殊胜又更殊胜之性,此中后后[等至]都是更为极殊胜的——应如是知。

Yathā ca ekāya itthiyā kantitathūlasaṇhasaṇhatarasaṇhatamasuttānaṃ catupalatipaladvipalaekapalasāṭikā assu āyāmena ca vitthārena ca samappamāṇā. Tattha kiñcāpi tā sāṭikā catassopi āyāmato ca vitthārato ca samappamāṇā, natthi tāsaṃ pamāṇato viseso. Sukhasamphassasukhumabhāvamahagghabhāvehi pana purimāya purimāya pacchimā pacchimā paṇītatarā honti, evameva kiñcāpi catūsu etāsu upekkhā, cittekaggatāti etāni dveyeva aṅgāni honti, atha kho bhāvanāvisesena tesaṃ aṅgāni paṇītapaṇītatarabhāvena suppaṇītatarā honti pacchimā pacchimā idhāti veditabbā.
291已对照

二百九十一、而这些[等至]如是依次第一个比一个殊胜——

291. Evaṃ anupubbena paṇītapaṇītā cetā –
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一人攀附于不净处的亭子,另一人依靠着他;

Asucimhi maṇḍape laggo, eko tannissito paro;
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又一人不依[他们]而在外,再一人依靠着那[在外者]。

Añño bahi anissāya, taṃ taṃ nissāya cāparo.
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依与依次站立的这四个人

Ṭhito catūhi etehi, purisehi yathākkamaṃ;
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相似之性,明智者应了知这四[等至]。

Samānatāya ñātabbā, catassopi vibhāvinā.
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此中的义配如下:相传在一个不净之处有一座亭子。于是有一个人来了,厌恶那不净,便用双手攀住那亭子,攀附在那里,犹如被挂着一般站着。于是另一个人来了,依靠那攀附在亭子上的人。于是又一个人来了,想:「这攀附在亭子上的人,以及那依靠他的人,这两个人都站得不好;亭子倒塌时,他们必定跌落。好吧,我就站在外面。」他不依靠那依靠者,就站在外面。于是又一个人来了,想到攀附在亭子上的人与依靠他的人的不安稳,又认为站在外面的人站得好,便依靠他站着。此中,去除遍[后]的虚空应视为如不净之处的亭子;由于厌恶色相而以虚空为所缘的空无边处,应视为如由于厌恶不净而攀附在亭子上的人;缘于以虚空为所缘的空无边处而转起的识无边处,应视为如依靠攀附在亭子上之人的人;想到那二者的不安稳、不以空无边处为所缘而以它的非有为所缘的无所有处,应视为如不依靠那攀附在亭子上[之人]而站在外面的人;缘于站在称为识之非有的外面之处的无所有处而转起的非想非非想处,应视为如想到攀附在亭子上[之人]与依靠他[之人]的不安稳,又认为站在外面的人站得好,便依靠他站着的人。

Tatrāyamatthayojanā – asucimhi kira dese eko maṇḍapo, atheko puriso āgantvā taṃ asuciṃ jigucchamāno taṃ maṇḍapaṃ hatthehi ālambitvā tattha laggo laggito viya aṭṭhāsi. Athāparo āgantvā taṃ maṇḍape laggaṃ purisaṃ nissito. Athañño āgantvā cintesi ‘‘yo esa maṇḍapalaggo, yo ca tannissito, ubhopete duṭṭhitā. Dhuvo ca nesaṃ maṇḍapapapāte pāto, handāhaṃ bahiyeva tiṭṭhāmī’’ti. So tannissitaṃ anissāya bahiyeva aṭṭhāsi. Athāparo āgantvā maṇḍapalaggassa ca tannissitassa ca akhemabhāvaṃ cintetvā bahiṭṭhitañca suṭṭhitoti mantvā taṃ nissāya aṭṭhāsi. Tattha asucimhi dese maṇḍapo viya kasiṇugghāṭimākāsaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, asucijigucchāya maṇḍapalaggo puriso viya rūpanimittajigucchāya ākāsārammaṇaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, maṇḍapalaggaṃ purisaṃ nissito viya ākāsārammaṇaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ ārabbha pavattaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ, tesaṃ dvinnampi akhemabhāvaṃ cintetvā anissāya taṃ maṇḍapalaggaṃ bahiṭṭhito viya ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ ārammaṇaṃ akatvā tadabhāvārammaṇaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ, maṇḍapalaggassa tannissitassa ca akhemataṃ cintetvā bahiṭṭhitañca suṭṭhitoti mantvā taṃ nissāya ṭhito viya viññāṇābhāvasaṅkhāte bahipadese ṭhitaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ ārabbha pavattaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.
292已对照

二百九十二、而如是转起的[非想非非想处]——

292. Evaṃ pavattamānañca –
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由于别无[所缘],这[禅那]仍以那[无所有处]为所缘,

Ārammaṇaṃ karoteva, aññābhāvena taṃ idaṃ;
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犹如人们为了生计,[依附]即使已见其过失的国王。

Diṭṭhadosampi rājānaṃ, vuttihetu jano yathā.
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因为这非想非非想处,对那无所有处,虽然如是见了[它的]过失——「这等至以识无边处为近敌」——由于没有别的所缘,仍以它为所缘。犹如什么呢?犹如人们为了生计,[依附]即使已见其过失的国王。因为犹如对某个不自制、身语意的行为粗暴、统领一切方的国王,虽然如是见了[他的]过失——「这[人]的行为粗暴」——人们在别处得不到生计,为了生计而依靠[他]过活;同样,这非想非非想处,对那无所有处虽然已见[它的]过失,得不到别的所缘,仍以它为所缘。

Idañhi nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ ‘‘āsannaviññāṇañcāyatanapaccatthikā ayaṃ samāpattī’’ti evaṃ diṭṭhadosampi taṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ aññassa ārammaṇassa abhāvā ārammaṇaṃ karoteva. Yathā kiṃ? Diṭṭhadosampi rājānaṃ vuttihetu yathā jano. Yathā hi asaṃyataṃ pharusakāyavacīmanosamācāraṃ kañci sabbadisampatiṃ rājānaṃ ‘‘pharusasamācāro aya’’nti evaṃ diṭṭhadosampi aññattha vuttiṃ alabhamāno jano vuttihetu nissāya vattati, evaṃ diṭṭhadosampi taṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ aññaṃ ārammaṇaṃ alabhamānamidaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoteva.
293已对照

二百九十三、而如是作[所缘]时——

293. Evaṃ kurumānañca –
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犹如登上长梯者倚靠梯的扶手,

Āruḷho dīghanisseṇiṃ, yathā nisseṇibāhukaṃ;
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又如登上山巅者倚靠山的顶端;

Pabbataggañca āruḷho, yathā pabbatamatthakaṃ.
缅 1.335已对照

或如登上山岭者,唯以自己的膝盖

Yathā vā girimārūḷho, attanoyeva jaṇṇukaṃ;
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为倚靠——同样,这[禅那]倚靠[那]禅那而转起。

Olubbhati tathevetaṃ, jhānamolubbha vattatīti.
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如是,在为令善人愉悦而造的《清净道论》中,

Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge
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于定的修习之部,

Samādhibhāvanādhikāre
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名为〈无色的解说〉的

Āruppaniddeso nāma
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第十章[终]。

Dasamo paricchedo.