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相应部 · 梵天相应 Brahmasaṃyuttaṃ

本经目录六、梵天相应一、第一品一、梵天劝请经二、恭敬经三、梵提婆经四、婆迦梵天经五、某梵天经六、梵天界经七、俱迦利经八、迦多摩陀迦帝须经九、都卢梵天经十、俱迦利经第一品。二、第二品一、常童子经二、提婆达多经三、安陀迦频陀经四、阿楼那婆提经五、般涅槃经第二品。《梵天相应》完毕。[从此以下,缅甸写本中也见有这样的[摄颂]——梵天劝请与不恭敬,梵提婆与婆迦梵天;某梵天与梵天、俱迦利,帝须与都卢;梵天、俱迦利比丘,与常童子、提婆达多;安陀迦频陀、阿楼那婆提,连同般涅槃,[共]十五[经]。]

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六、梵天相应

6. Brahmasaṃyuttaṃ
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一、第一品

1. Paṭhamavaggo
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一、梵天劝请经

1. Brahmāyācanasuttaṃ
172PTS 1.136缅 1.138已对照

一百七十二、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在优楼频螺尼连禅河岸边的牧羊人尼拘陀树下,初现正觉。那时,世尊独处静坐时,心中生起了这样的思虑:“我所证得的这法甚深、难见、难觉悟、寂静、殊胜、超越思辨之境(atakkāvacara)、微妙、唯智者能体验。然而这世人乐于执着(ālaya)、喜于执着、欣于执着。对于乐于执着、喜于执着、欣于执着的世人,这一处实难见,即此缘性、缘起(idappaccayatā paṭiccasamuppāda);这一处也实难见,即一切行的止息、一切依(upadhi)的舍离、爱尽、离贪、灭、涅槃。假如我说法,而别人不了知我,那对我是疲劳,那对我是疲恼。”而且这些前所未闻的稀有之偈,显现于世尊[心中]——

“我所证得实为艰难,如今何须宣说;

为贪与瞋所缠者,难以觉悟此法。

“[此法]逆流而行,微妙、甚深、难见、精细;

为贪所染者不得见,为黑暗之蕴所覆。”

世尊如是省察时,心倾向于无所为,不倾向于说法。

那时,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)以心了知世尊心中的思虑,便想——“诸位,世间要毁灭了!诸位,世间要败坏了!因为如来、阿罗汉、正等正觉者的心竟倾向于无所为,不倾向于说法。”那时,娑婆主梵天犹如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那样,从梵天界隐没,出现在世尊面前。那时,娑婆主梵天把上衣偏袒一肩,把右膝轮放在地上,向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说——“尊者,愿世尊说法,愿善逝说法!有少尘垢性的众生,因不闻法而衰退;[若得闻法,]他们将成为法的了知者。”娑婆主梵天说了这[番话]。说了这[番话]之后,又接着这样说:

“[此法]从前曾出现于摩揭陀,

[而后]为有垢者所思构,成了不净之法;

请开启这不死之门,

愿[他们]听闻由无垢者所随觉的法。

“犹如立于石山之顶者,

能遍观四周的众人;

善慧者(sumedha)啊,那与之相似的、法所成的

殿堂,普眼者(samantacakkhu)啊,请登上[而观];

自身已离忧者,那沉没于忧的众人,

[正]为生老所制伏,请垂观[他们]。

“起来吧,英雄、战胜者(vijitasaṅgāma),

商队之主、无债者啊,请游行于世间;

愿世尊说法,

[必]将有了知者。”

那时,世尊知道了梵天的劝请,又因为对众生的悲愍,便以佛眼观察世间。世尊以佛眼观察世间时,看见诸众生有少尘垢者、多尘垢者,利根者、钝根者,善行相者、恶行相者,易教者、难教者;有一些住于见后世罪过之怖畏,有一些不住于见后世罪过之怖畏。犹如在青莲池、白莲池或红莲池中,有些青莲、白莲或红莲生于水中、长于水中,未出水面,沉没水中而生长;有些青莲、白莲或红莲生于水中、长于水中,与水面齐平而立;有些青莲、白莲或红莲生于水中、长于水中,出于水面而立,不为水所染。正是如此,世尊以佛眼观察世间时,看见诸众生有少尘垢者、多尘垢者,利根者、钝根者,善行相者、恶行相者,易教者、难教者;有一些住于见后世罪过之怖畏,有一些不住于见后世罪过之怖畏。看见之后,[世尊]以偈回答娑婆主梵天——

“为彼等开启了不死之门,

诸有耳者,请发其信;

我因觉有恼害之想,未曾宣说那熟习的、

殊胜之法于人间,梵天。”

那时,娑婆主梵天[想]:“我已使世尊允可说法了。”便礼敬世尊,右绕之后,就在那里隐没了。

172. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘adhigato kho myāyaṃ dhammo gambhīro duddaso duranubodho santo paṇīto atakkāvacaro nipuṇo paṇḍitavedanīyo. Ālayarāmā kho panāyaṃ pajā ālayaratā ālayasammuditā. Ālayarāmāya kho pana pajāya ālayaratāya ālayasammuditāya duddasaṃ idaṃ ṭhānaṃ yadidaṃ idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppādo. Idampi kho ṭhānaṃ duddasaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. Ahañceva kho pana dhammaṃ deseyyaṃ; pare ca me na ājāneyyuṃ; so mamassa kilamatho, sā mamassa vihesā’’ti. Apissu bhagavantaṃ imā anacchariyā gāthāyo paṭibhaṃsu pubbe assutapubbā –
‘‘Kicchena me adhigataṃ, halaṃ dāni pakāsituṃ;
Rāgadosaparetehi, nāyaṃ dhammo susambudho.
‘‘Paṭisotagāmiṃ nipuṇaṃ, gambhīraṃ duddasaṃ aṇuṃ;
Rāgarattā na dakkhanti, tamokhandhena āvuṭā’’ti [tamokkhandhena āvutāti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)].
Itiha bhagavato paṭisañcikkhato appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati, no dhammadesanāya.
Atha kho brahmuno sahampatissa bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi – ‘‘nassati vata bho loko, vinassati vata bho loko, yatra hi nāma tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati [namissati (?)], no dhammadesanāyā’’ti. Atha kho brahmā sahampati – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ [sammiñjitaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ pathaviyaṃ nihantvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘desetu, bhante, bhagavā dhammaṃ, desetu sugato dhammaṃ. Santi sattā apparajakkhajātikā, assavanatā dhammassa parihāyanti. Bhavissanti dhammassa aññātāro’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca –
‘‘Pāturahosi magadhesu pubbe,
Dhammo asuddho samalehi cintito;
Apāpuretaṃ [avāpuretaṃ (sī.)] amatassa dvāraṃ,
Suṇantu dhammaṃ vimalenānubuddhaṃ.
‘‘Sele yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito,
Yathāpi passe janataṃ samantato;
Tathūpamaṃ dhammamayaṃ sumedha,
Pāsādamāruyha samantacakkhu;
Sokāvatiṇṇaṃ [sokāvakiṇṇaṃ (sī.)] janatamapetasoko,
Avekkhassu jātijarābhibhūtaṃ.
‘‘Uṭṭhehi vīra vijitasaṅgāma,
Satthavāha anaṇa [aṇaṇa (rūpasiddhiṭīkā)] vicara loke;
Desassu [desetu (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)] bhagavā dhammaṃ,
Aññātāro bhavissantī’’ti.
Atha kho bhagavā brahmuno ca ajjhesanaṃ viditvā sattesu ca kāruññataṃ paṭicca buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokesi. Addasā kho bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvine [dassāvino (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] viharante. Seyyathāpi nāma uppaliniyaṃ vā paduminiyaṃ vā puṇḍarīkiniyaṃ vā appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakānuggatāni anto nimuggaposīni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni samodakaṃ ṭhitāni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakā accuggamma ṭhitāni [tiṭṭhanti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] anupalittāni udakena; evameva bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento addasa satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante. Disvāna brahmānaṃ sahampatiṃ gāthāya paccabhāsi –
‘‘Apārutā tesaṃ amatassa dvārā,
Ye sotavanto pamuñcantu saddhaṃ;
Vihiṃsasaññī paguṇaṃ na bhāsiṃ,
Dhammaṃ paṇītaṃ manujesu brahme’’ti.
Atha kho brahmā sahampati ‘‘katāvakāso khomhi bhagavatā dhammadesanāyā’’ti bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
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二、恭敬经

2. Gāravasuttaṃ
173PTS 1.139已对照

一百七十三、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在优楼频螺尼连禅河岸边的牧羊人尼拘陀树下,初现正觉。那时,世尊独处静坐时,心中生起了这样的思虑:“无恭敬、无顺从而住是苦的。我该恭敬、尊重、依止哪一位沙门或婆罗门而住呢?”

173. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘dukkhaṃ kho agāravo viharati appatisso, kaṃ nu khvāhaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā [garukatvā (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] upanissāya vihareyya’’nti?
缅 1.141已对照

那时,世尊这样想:“为了圆满尚未圆满的戒蕴,我才会恭敬、尊重、依止别的沙门或婆罗门而住。然而我不见在有天、有魔、有梵天的世间,在有沙门婆罗门、有天与人的人众之中,有比我自己更具足戒的别的沙门或婆罗门,可让我恭敬、尊重、依止他而住。

Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘aparipuṇṇassa kho sīlakkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya attanā sīlasampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
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“为了圆满尚未圆满的定蕴,我才会恭敬、尊重、依止别的沙门或婆罗门而住。然而我不见在有天的世间……乃至……有比我自己更具足定的别的沙门或婆罗门,可让我恭敬、尊重、依止他而住。

‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa kho samādhikkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke…pe… attanā samādhisampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
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“为了圆满尚未圆满的慧蕴,我才会恭敬、尊重、依止别的沙门或婆罗门而住。然而我不见在有天的……乃至……有比我自己更具足慧的别的沙门或婆罗门,可让我恭敬、尊重、依止他而住。

‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa paññākkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake…pe… attanā paññāsampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
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“为了圆满尚未圆满的解脱蕴,我才会恭敬、尊重、依止别的沙门或婆罗门而住。然而我不见在有天的……乃至……有比我自己更具足解脱的别的沙门或婆罗门,可让我恭敬、尊重、依止他而住。

‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa kho vimuttikkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake…pe… attanā vimuttisampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
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“为了圆满尚未圆满的解脱知见蕴,我才会恭敬、尊重、依止别的沙门或婆罗门而住。然而我不见在有天、有魔、有梵天的世间,在有沙门婆罗门、有天与人的人众之中,有比我自己更具足解脱知见的别的沙门或婆罗门,可让我恭敬、尊重、依止他而住。我何不就恭敬、尊重、依止那由我所现正觉的法而住呢?”

‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa kho vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya attanā vimuttiñāṇadassanasampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yvāyaṃ dhammo mayā abhisambuddho tameva dhammaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyya’’nti.
PTS 1.140缅 1.142已对照

那时,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)以心了知世尊心中的思虑,便犹如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那样,从梵天界隐没,出现在世尊面前。那时,娑婆主梵天把上衣偏袒一肩,向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说——“正是这样,世尊;正是这样,善逝!尊者,凡过去世曾有的诸阿罗汉、正等正觉者,那些世尊也都正是恭敬、尊重、依止法而住;尊者,凡未来世将有的诸阿罗汉、正等正觉者,那些世尊也都将正是恭敬、尊重、依止法而住。尊者,现在身为阿罗汉、正等正觉者的世尊,也愿正是恭敬、尊重、依止法而住。”娑婆主梵天说了这[番话]。说了这[番话]之后,又接着这样说:

Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata! Yepi te, bhante, ahesuṃ atītamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā, tepi bhagavanto dhammaññeva sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihariṃsu; yepi te, bhante, bhavissanti anāgatamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā tepi bhagavanto dhammaññeva sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharissanti. Bhagavāpi, bhante, etarahi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho dhammaññeva sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharatū’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca –
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“那些过去的正觉者,与那些未来的佛陀,

‘‘Ye ca atītā sambuddhā, ye ca buddhā anāgatā;
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以及现在的正觉者、众人之忧的灭除者——

Yo cetarahi sambuddho, bahūnaṃ [bahunnaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] sokanāsano.
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“一切都尊重正法,曾住、也正住;

‘‘Sabbe saddhammagaruno, vihaṃsu [vihariṃsu (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] viharanti ca;
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也将如是而住,这是诸佛的法性。

Tathāpi viharissanti, esā buddhāna dhammatā.
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“所以,爱自己者、希求伟大者,

‘‘Tasmā hi attakāmena [atthakāmena (sī. pī. ka.)], mahattamabhikaṅkhatā;
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应当尊重正法,忆念着诸佛的教法。”

Saddhammo garukātabbo, saraṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti.
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三、梵提婆经

3. Brahmadevasuttaṃ
174PTS 1.141缅 1.143已对照

一百七十四、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树林给孤独园。那时,某位婆罗门女的儿子名叫梵提婆(Brahmadeva),在世尊座下从家出家、成为无家者。

那时,具寿梵提婆独一、远离、不放逸、热勤、自策励而住,不久便就在现法中自己以证智证知、成就并住于那无上的梵行终点——善男子们正是为此而正确地从家出家、成为无家者的。他证知:“生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。”而具寿梵提婆也成为阿罗汉之一。

那时,具寿梵提婆于上午着衣持钵与衣,为行乞而入舍卫城。在舍卫城次第行乞时,来到自己母亲的住处。那时,具寿梵提婆的母亲婆罗门女常向梵天高举供品。那时,娑婆主梵天这样想:“这位具寿梵提婆的母亲婆罗门女常向梵天高举供品。我何不前去令她生起悚惧呢?”那时,娑婆主梵天犹如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那样,从梵天界隐没,出现在具寿梵提婆母亲的住处。那时,娑婆主梵天站在空中,以偈对具寿梵提婆的母亲婆罗门女说——

“婆罗门女,梵天界离此遥远,

你常为那[梵天]高举供品;

婆罗门女,梵天的食物不是这样的,

不知梵道,你喃喃念诵什么?

“婆罗门女,这位就是你的梵提婆(brahmadeva),

无所依,已达超天[之性];

一无所有的比丘,不养他人,

他就是那位为乞食而进入你家的[人]。

“应供养、达吠陀者、已修自[体],

是人与诸天的应奉施者;

排除诸恶、无所染,

已清凉,为寻食而行。

“于他无后亦无前,

寂静、无烟、无苦患、无希求;

于动者与不动者已放下杖,

愿他享用你的供品、最上的饭团。

“已离[烦恼之]军,心已寂止,

如调伏的象,无动摇而行;

善持戒的比丘,心善解脱,

愿他享用你的供品、最上的饭团。

“对他心生净信、不动摇,

你当把奉施安立于应奉施者;

当作带来未来之乐的福,

婆罗门女,[既已]见到已渡暴流的牟尼。”

“对他心生净信、不动摇,

[她]把奉施安立于应奉施者;

作了带来未来之乐的福,

婆罗门女见到了已渡暴流的牟尼。”

174. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarissā brāhmaṇiyā brahmadevo nāma putto bhagavato santike agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti.
Atha kho āyasmā brahmadevo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā brahmadevo arahataṃ ahosi.
Atha kho āyasmā brahmadevo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sāvatthiyaṃ sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena sakamātu nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato brahmadevassa mātā brāhmaṇī brahmuno āhutiṃ niccaṃ paggaṇhāti. Atha kho brahmuno sahampatissa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmato brahmadevassa mātā brāhmaṇī brahmuno āhutiṃ niccaṃ paggaṇhāti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ upasaṅkamitvā saṃvejeyya’’nti. Atha kho brahmā sahampati – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito āyasmato brahmadevassa mātu nivesane pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati vehāsaṃ ṭhito āyasmato brahmadevassa mātaraṃ brāhmaṇiṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Dūre ito brāhmaṇi brahmaloko,
Yassāhutiṃ paggaṇhāsi niccaṃ;
Netādiso brāhmaṇi brahmabhakkho,
Kiṃ jappasi brahmapathaṃ ajānaṃ [ajānantī (sī. pī. ka.)].
‘‘Eso hi te brāhmaṇi brahmadevo,
Nirūpadhiko atidevapatto;
Akiñcano bhikkhu anaññaposī,
Yo te so [te so (sī. pī.), yo te sa (?)] piṇḍāya gharaṃ paviṭṭho.
‘‘Āhuneyyo vedagu bhāvitatto,
Narānaṃ devānañca dakkhiṇeyyo;
Bāhitvā pāpāni anūpalitto,
Ghāsesanaṃ iriyati sītibhūto.
‘‘Na tassa pacchā na puratthamatthi,
Santo vidhūmo anigho nirāso;
Nikkhittadaṇḍo tasathāvaresu,
So tyāhutiṃ bhuñjatu aggapiṇḍaṃ.
‘‘Visenibhūto upasantacitto,
Nāgova danto carati anejo;
Bhikkhu susīlo suvimuttacitto,
So tyāhutiṃ bhuñjatu aggapiṇḍaṃ.
‘‘Tasmiṃ pasannā avikampamānā,
Patiṭṭhapehi dakkhiṇaṃ dakkhiṇeyye;
Karohi puññaṃ sukhamāyatikaṃ,
Disvā muniṃ brāhmaṇi oghatiṇṇa’’nti.
‘‘Tasmiṃ pasannā avikampamānā,
Patiṭṭhapesi dakkhiṇaṃ dakkhiṇeyye;
Akāsi puññaṃ sukhamāyatikaṃ,
Disvā muniṃ brāhmaṇī oghatiṇṇa’’nti.
已对照

四、婆迦梵天经

4. Bakabrahmasuttaṃ
175PTS 1.143缅 1.145已对照

一百七十五、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树林给孤独园。那时,婆迦梵天(Baka Brahmā)生起了这样的恶见执——“此是常,此是恒,此是永恒,此是完整,此是不消逝之法;因为此[处]不生、不老、不死、不消逝、不再生,而从此之外更无其他更上的出离。”

那时,世尊以心了知婆迦梵天心中的思虑,便犹如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那样,从祇树林隐没,出现在那个梵天界中。婆迦梵天远远地就看见世尊走来;看见之后,对世尊这样说——“来吧,尊驾,善来,尊驾!尊驾,你隔了这么久才作成这来到此处的机缘。尊驾,此是常,此是恒,此是永恒,此是完整,此是不消逝之法;因为此[处]不生、不老、不死、不消逝、不再生。而从此之外更无其他更上的出离。”

这样说了之后,世尊对婆迦梵天这样说——“诸位,婆迦梵天实在是陷入了无明啊!诸位,婆迦梵天实在是陷入了无明啊!因为他竟把明明是无常的说成是常,把明明是不恒的说成是恒,把明明是不永恒的说成是永恒,把明明是不完整的说成是完整,把明明是消逝之法的说成是不消逝之法;而在那会生、会老、会死、会消逝、会再生之处,他竟也那样要说——‘此[处]不生、不老、不死、不消逝、不再生。’而更上的其他出离明明存在,他竟要说‘更无其他更上的出离’。”

“乔达摩,我们七十二[位]是作福业者,

是自在者,已超越生与老;

这由吠陀而达的,是最后的梵天之生,

众多的人们祈求我们。”

“这确实是短的,并非长寿,

婆迦,你却认为[它]是长寿;

十万尼罗浮陀(nirabbuda)之久,

梵天,我了知你的寿量。”

“世尊,[你说]我是见无边者,

已超越生、老与愁;

我从前的禁戒戒行是什么?

请告诉我那[事],让我能了知。”

“你曾使许多人得以饮[水],

[他们]为渴所迫,于暑热中被压倒;

你那从前的禁戒戒行,

我如刚从睡中醒来一般忆念[起来]。

“在羚羊岸(eṇikūla)被擒的人们,

你使[他们]在被擒押走时得脱;

你那从前的禁戒戒行,

我如刚从睡中醒来一般忆念[起来]。

“在恒河水流中被擒住的船,

被凶残的龙因欲[加害]人而[擒];

你曾以力强行使[之]解脱,

你那从前的禁戒戒行,

我如刚从睡中醒来一般忆念[起来]。

“我曾是迦波(Kappa),你的结发弟子,

[我]认[你]为善具慧的持禁戒者;

你那从前的禁戒戒行,

我如刚从睡中醒来一般忆念[起来]。”

“你的确了知我这寿量,

其余的你也了知,因为你是佛陀;

正因如此,你这燃烧的威力,

照耀着梵天界而安住。”

175. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bakassa brahmuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘‘idaṃ niccaṃ, idaṃ dhuvaṃ, idaṃ sassataṃ, idaṃ kevalaṃ, idaṃ acavanadhammaṃ, idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati, ito ca panaññaṃ uttariṃ [uttariṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] nissaraṇaṃ natthī’’ti.
Atha kho bhagavā bakassa brahmuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Addasā kho bako brahmā bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ehi kho mārisa, svāgataṃ te, mārisa! Cirassaṃ kho mārisa! Imaṃ pariyāyamakāsi yadidaṃ idhāgamanāya. Idañhi, mārisa, niccaṃ, idaṃ dhuvaṃ, idaṃ sassataṃ, idaṃ kevalaṃ, idaṃ acavanadhammaṃ, idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati. Ito ca panaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ natthī’’ti.
Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā bakaṃ brahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘avijjāgato vata, bho, bako brahmā; avijjāgato vata, bho, bako brahmā. Yatra hi nāma aniccaṃyeva samānaṃ niccanti vakkhati, adhuvaṃyeva samānaṃ dhuvanti vakkhati, asassataṃyeva samānaṃ sassatanti vakkhati, akevalaṃyeva samānaṃ kevalanti vakkhati, cavanadhammaṃyeva samānaṃ acavanadhammanti vakkhati. Yattha ca pana jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca upapajjati ca, tañca tathā vakkhati – ‘idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati’. Santañca panaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ, ‘natthaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇa’nti vakkhatī’’ti.
‘‘Dvāsattati gotama puññakammā,
Vasavattino jātijaraṃ atītā;
Ayamantimā vedagū brahmupapatti,
Asmābhijappanti janā anekā’’ti.
‘‘Appañhi etaṃ na hi dīghamāyu,
Yaṃ tvaṃ baka maññasi dīghamāyuṃ;
Sataṃ sahassānaṃ [sahassāna (syā. kaṃ.)] nirabbudānaṃ,
Āyuṃ pajānāmi tavāhaṃ brahme’’ti.
‘‘Anantadassī bhagavāhamasmi,
Jātijaraṃ sokamupātivatto;
Kiṃ me purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ,
Ācikkha me taṃ yamahaṃ vijaññā’’ti.
‘‘Yaṃ tvaṃ apāyesi bahū manusse,
Pipāsite ghammani samparete;
Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ,
Suttappabuddhova anussarāmi.
‘‘Yaṃ eṇikūlasmiṃ janaṃ gahītaṃ,
Amocayī gayhakaṃ nīyamānaṃ;
Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ,
Suttappabuddhova anussarāmi.
‘‘Gaṅgāya sotasmiṃ gahītanāvaṃ,
Luddena nāgena manussakamyā;
Pamocayittha balasā pasayha,
Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ,
Suttappabuddhova anussarāmi.
‘‘Kappo ca te baddhacaro ahosiṃ,
Sambuddhimantaṃ [sambuddhivantaṃ (bahūsu)] vatinaṃ amaññi;
Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ,
Suttappabuddhova anussarāmī’’ti.
‘‘Addhā pajānāsi mametamāyuṃ,
Aññepi [aññampi (sī. pī.)] jānāsi tathā hi buddho;
Tathā hi tyāyaṃ jalitānubhāvo,
Obhāsayaṃ tiṭṭhati brahmaloka’’nti.
已对照

五、某梵天经

5. Aññatarabrahmasuttaṃ
176PTS 1.145缅 1.147已对照

一百七十六、因缘在舍卫城。那时,某位梵天(brahmā)生起了这样的恶见执(pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ)——“没有任何沙门或婆罗门能来到这里。”于是世尊以心了知了那位梵天心中的思虑,犹如有力之人……乃至……出现在那个梵天界中。于是世尊成就火界(tejodhātu)[定],在那位梵天上方的空中结跏趺而坐。

于是具寿大目犍连(Mahāmoggallāna)想:“世尊现在住在哪里呢?”具寿大目犍连以清净、超人的天眼,看见世尊在那位梵天上方的空中结跏趺而坐、已成就火界[定]。看见之后,犹如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那样,从祇树林隐没,出现在那个梵天界中。于是具寿大目犍连依东方,在那位梵天上方的空中结跏趺而坐,成就火界[定],[坐处]比世尊低。

于是具寿大迦叶(Mahākassapa)想:“世尊现在住在哪里呢?”具寿大迦叶以天眼看见世尊……乃至……看见之后,犹如有力之人……乃至……那样,从祇树林隐没,出现在那个梵天界中。于是具寿大迦叶依南方,在那位梵天上方的空中结跏趺而坐,成就火界[定],[坐处]比世尊低。

于是具寿大劫宾那(Mahākappina)想:“世尊现在住在哪里呢?”具寿大劫宾那以天眼看见世尊……乃至……已成就火界[定]。看见之后,犹如有力之人……乃至……那样,从祇树林隐没,出现在那个梵天界中。于是具寿大劫宾那依西方,在那位梵天上方的空中结跏趺而坐,成就火界[定],[坐处]比世尊低。

于是具寿阿那律(Anuruddha)想:“世尊现在住在哪里呢?”具寿阿那律看见……乃至……已成就火界[定]。看见之后,犹如有力之人……乃至……出现在那个梵天界中。于是具寿阿那律依北方,在那位梵天上方的空中结跏趺而坐,成就火界[定],[坐处]比世尊低。

于是具寿大目犍连以偈对那位梵天说——

“贤友,你今日也还有那个见吗——即你从前所有的那个见?

你可见到那于梵天界中超越[一切]而光耀者?”

“尊驾,我已无那个见了——即我从前所有的那个见;

我见到那于梵天界中超越[一切]而光耀者;

那么我今日怎能说‘我是常的、永恒的’呢?”

于是世尊令那位梵天生起悚惧之后,犹如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那样,从那个梵天界隐没,出现在祇树林。于是那位梵天召唤某位梵众天(brahmapārisajja)——“尊驾,来,你去具寿大目犍连之处;到了之后,这样对具寿大目犍连说:‘尊驾目犍连,那位世尊还有其他这样大神通、这样大威力的弟子吗——如目犍连尊师、迦叶、劫宾那、阿那律那样?’”“是,尊驾。”那位梵众天应诺那位梵天之后,来到具寿大目犍连之处;到了之后,对具寿大目犍连这样说——“尊驾目犍连,那位世尊还有其他这样大神通、这样大威力的弟子吗——如目犍连尊师、迦叶、劫宾那、阿那律那样?”于是具寿大目犍连以偈对那位梵众天说——

“具三明者(tevijjā)、已得神通者,善巧于他心差别(cetopariyāya);

诸漏已尽的阿罗汉——佛陀的[这样的]弟子众多。”

于是那位梵众天欢喜、随喜具寿大目犍连之所说,来到那位梵天之处;到了之后,对那位梵天这样说——“尊驾,具寿大目犍连这样说——

‘具三明者、已得神通者,善巧于他心差别;

诸漏已尽的阿罗汉——佛陀的[这样的]弟子众多。’”

那位梵众天说了这[话]。那位梵天满意,欢喜那位梵众天之所说。

176. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa brahmuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘‘natthi so samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā yo idha āgaccheyyā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tassa brahmuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho bhagavā tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā.
Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno [mahāmoggalāno (ka.)] bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisinnaṃ tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno puratthimaṃ disaṃ nissāya [upanissāya (sī.)] tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
Atha kho āyasmato mahākassapassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā…pe… disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
Atha kho āyasmato mahākappinassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahākappino bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā…pe… tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākappino pacchimaṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
Atha kho āyasmato anuruddhassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā anuruddho…pe… tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho uttaraṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ brahmānaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Ajjāpi te āvuso sā diṭṭhi, yā te diṭṭhi pure ahu;
Passasi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassara’’nti.
‘‘Na me mārisa sā diṭṭhi, yā me diṭṭhi pure ahu;
Passāmi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ;
Svāhaṃ ajja kathaṃ vajjaṃ, ahaṃ niccomhi sassato’’ti.
Atha kho bhagavā taṃ brahmānaṃ saṃvejetvā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – tasmiṃ brahmaloke antarahito jetavane pāturahosi. Atha kho so brahmā aññataraṃ brahmapārisajjaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, mārisa, yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ evaṃ vadehi – ‘atthi nu kho, mārisa moggallāna, aññepi tassa bhagavato sāvakā evaṃmahiddhikā evaṃmahānubhāvā; seyyathāpi bhavaṃ moggallāno kassapo kappino anuruddho’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, mārisā’’ti kho so brahmapārisajjo tassa brahmuno paṭissutvā yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, mārisa moggallāna, aññepi tassa bhagavato sāvakā evaṃmahiddhikā evaṃmahānubhāvā; seyyathāpi bhavaṃ moggallāno kassapo kappino anuruddho’’ti? Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ brahmapārisajjaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, cetopariyāyakovidā;
Khīṇāsavā arahanto, bahū buddhassa sāvakā’’ti.
Atha kho so brahmapārisajjo āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā yena so brahmā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ brahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyasmā mārisa, mahāmoggallāno evamāha –
‘‘Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, cetopariyāyakovidā;
Khīṇāsavā arahanto, bahū buddhassa sāvakā’’ti.
Idamavoca so brahmapārisajjo. Attamano ca so brahmā tassa brahmapārisajjassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
已对照

六、梵天界经

6. Brahmalokasuttaṃ
177PTS 1.147缅 1.149已对照

一百七十七、因缘在舍卫城。那时,世尊已去度日间,正独处静坐。于是苏梵(Subrahmā)独行梵天(paccekabrahmā)与净居(Suddhāvāsa)独行梵天来到世尊之处;到了之后,各依一边门柱而站立。于是苏梵独行梵天对净居独行梵天这样说——“尊驾,现在还不是承事世尊的时候;世尊已去度日间,正独处静坐。而某个梵天界既兴盛又繁荣,那里的梵天住于放逸之住。尊驾,来,我们去那个梵天界;到了之后,令那位梵天生起悚惧。”“是,尊驾。”净居独行梵天应诺了苏梵独行梵天。

于是苏梵独行梵天与净居独行梵天犹如有力之人……乃至……那样,从世尊面前隐没,出现在那个梵天界中。那位梵天远远地看见那两位梵天走来。看见之后,对那两位梵天这样说——“喂,诸位尊驾,你们从哪里来?”“尊驾,我们是从那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者跟前来的。尊驾,你会去侍奉那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者吗?”

被这样说了之后,那位梵天不能忍受那话,化现出一千个自身,对苏梵独行梵天这样说——“尊驾,你可看见我这样的神通威力?”“尊驾,我看见你这样的神通威力。”“尊驾,我这样大神通、这样大威力,还要去侍奉其他哪一位沙门或婆罗门呢?”

于是苏梵独行梵天化现出两千个自身,对那位梵天这样说——“尊驾,你可看见我这样的神通威力?”“尊驾,我看见你这样的神通威力。”“尊驾,那位世尊比你、比我都更有大神通、更有大威力。尊驾,你会去侍奉那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者吗?”于是那位梵天以偈对苏梵独行梵天说——

“三[百]金翅鸟、四[百]天鹅,

五百虎形兽,[皆属]修禅者[我];

梵天啊,这座宫殿(vimāna)炽燃着,

照耀于北方。”

“纵然你那宫殿炽燃着,

照耀于北方;

见到色中的过患(raṇa)、[色]恒常动摇,

因此善慧者不喜乐于色。”

于是苏梵独行梵天与净居独行梵天令那位梵天生起悚惧之后,就在那里隐没了。后来,那位梵天去侍奉那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者。

177. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā divāvihāragato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paccekaṃ dvārabāhaṃ [paccekadvārabāhaṃ (pī. ka.)] upanissāya aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha kho subrahmā paccekabrahmā suddhāvāsaṃ paccekabrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘akālo kho tāva, mārisa, bhagavantaṃ payirupāsituṃ; divāvihāragato bhagavā paṭisallīno ca. Asuko ca brahmaloko iddho ceva phīto ca, brahmā ca tatra pamādavihāraṃ viharati. Āyāma, mārisa, yena so brahmaloko tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ brahmānaṃ saṃvejeyyāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, mārisā’’ti kho suddhāvāso paccekabrahmā subrahmuno paccekabrahmuno paccassosi.
Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva – bhagavato purato antarahitā tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahesuṃ. Addasā kho so brahmā te brahmāno dūratova āgacchante. Disvāna te brahmāno etadavoca – ‘‘handa kuto nu tumhe, mārisā, āgacchathā’’ti? ‘‘Āgatā kho mayaṃ, mārisa, amha tassa bhagavato santikā arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Gaccheyyāsi pana tvaṃ, mārisa, tassa bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti?
Evaṃ vutto [evaṃ vutte (sī. syā. kaṃ.)] kho so brahmā taṃ vacanaṃ anadhivāsento sahassakkhattuṃ attānaṃ abhinimminitvā subrahmānaṃ paccekabrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘passasi me no tvaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti? ‘‘Passāmi kho tyāhaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti. ‘‘So khvāhaṃ, mārisa, evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo kassa aññassa samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā upaṭṭhānaṃ gamissāmī’’ti?
Atha kho subrahmā paccekabrahmā dvisahassakkhattuṃ attānaṃ abhinimminitvā taṃ brahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘passasi me no tvaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti? ‘‘Passāmi kho tyāhaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti. ‘‘Tayā ca kho, mārisa, mayā ca sveva bhagavā mahiddhikataro ceva mahānubhāvataro ca. Gaccheyyāsi tvaṃ, mārisa, tassa bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti? Atha kho so brahmā subrahmānaṃ paccekabrahmānaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Tayo supaṇṇā caturo ca haṃsā,
Byagghīnisā pañcasatā ca jhāyino;
Tayidaṃ vimānaṃ jalate ca [jalateva (pī. ka.)] brahme,
Obhāsayaṃ uttarassaṃ disāya’’nti.
‘‘Kiñcāpi te taṃ jalate vimānaṃ,
Obhāsayaṃ uttarassaṃ disāyaṃ;
Rūpe raṇaṃ disvā sadā pavedhitaṃ,
Tasmā na rūpe ramatī sumedho’’ti.
Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā taṃ brahmānaṃ saṃvejetvā tatthevantaradhāyiṃsu. Agamāsi ca kho so brahmā aparena samayena bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassāti.
已对照

七、俱迦利经

7. Kokālikasuttaṃ
178已对照

一百七十八、因缘在舍卫城。那时,世尊已去度日间,正独处静坐。于是苏梵独行梵天与净居独行梵天来到世尊之处;到了之后,各依一边门柱而站立。于是苏梵独行梵天就俱迦利(Kokālika)比丘[之事],在世尊面前说了这首偈——

178. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā divāvihāragato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paccekaṃ dvārabāhaṃ nissāya aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha kho subrahmā paccekabrahmā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
已对照

“衡量那不可衡量者,此处哪位有智者会[如此]分别?

‘‘Appameyyaṃ paminanto, kodha vidvā vikappaye;
已对照

那衡量不可衡量者的,我认为他是被覆障的凡夫。”

Appameyyaṃ pamāyinaṃ, nivutaṃ taṃ maññe puthujjana’’nti.
已对照

八、迦多摩陀迦帝须经

8. Katamodakatissasuttaṃ
179已对照

一百七十九、因缘在舍卫城。那时,世尊已去度日间,正独处静坐。于是苏梵独行梵天与净居独行梵天来到世尊之处;到了之后,各依一边门柱而站立。于是净居独行梵天就迦多摩陀迦帝须(Katamodakatissaka)比丘[之事],在世尊面前说了这首偈——

179. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā divāvihāragato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paccekaṃ dvārabāhaṃ nissāya aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha kho suddhāvāso paccekabrahmā katamodakatissakaṃ [katamorakatissakaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ.)] bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
PTS 1.149缅 1.151已对照

“衡量那不可衡量者,此处哪位有智者会[如此]分别?

‘‘Appameyyaṃ paminanto, kodha vidvā vikappaye;
已对照

那衡量不可衡量者的,我认为他是被覆障的无慧者(akissava)。”

Appameyyaṃ pamāyinaṃ, nivutaṃ taṃ maññe akissava’’nti.
已对照

九、都卢梵天经

9. Turūbrahmasuttaṃ
180已对照

一百八十、因缘在舍卫城。那时,俱迦利(Kokālika)比丘生病、痛苦、重病缠身。于是都卢(Turū)独行梵天在夜将尽时容色殊胜,遍照整座祇树林,来到俱迦利比丘之处;到了之后,站在空中,对俱迦利比丘这样说——“俱迦利,对舍利弗与目犍连令心净信吧。舍利弗与目犍连是善良的。”“贤友,你是谁?”“我是都卢独行梵天。”“贤友,你不是被世尊记说为阿那含了吗?那你为何来到这里?看看,你这[事]错得多么[厉害]!”

“人确实一出生,斧便生于[他]口中;

以它砍斫自己,愚人说恶说[时]。

“凡称赞应受呵责者,

或呵责那应受称赞者;

他便以口积聚败运(kali),

因那败运而得不到安乐。

“这是微小的败运——

即在骰子上输掉财物;

纵然连同一切所有、连同自身[一并输掉],

这才是更大的败运——

即对诸善逝心怀瞋恶。

“十万尼罗浮陀(nirabbuda),

又三十六[尼罗浮陀]与五阿浮陀(abbuda);

呵责圣者者所趣入的地狱[寿量即此],

[由于他]立定了恶的语与意。”

180. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena kokāliko bhikkhu ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho turū [tudu (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] paccekabrahmā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena kokāliko bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vehāsaṃ ṭhito kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pasādehi, kokālika, sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ. Pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti. ‘‘Kosi tvaṃ, āvuso’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ turū paccekabrahmā’’ti. ‘‘Nanu tvaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā anāgāmī byākato, atha kiñcarahi idhāgato? Passa, yāvañca te idaṃ aparaddha’’nti.
‘‘Purisassa hi jātassa, kuṭhārī [dudhārī (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] jāyate mukhe;
Yāya chindati attānaṃ, bālo dubbhāsitaṃ bhaṇaṃ.
‘‘Yo nindiyaṃ pasaṃsati,
Taṃ vā nindati yo pasaṃsiyo;
Vicināti mukhena so kaliṃ,
Kalinā tena sukhaṃ na vindati.
‘‘Appamattako ayaṃ kali,
Yo akkhesu dhanaparājayo;
Sabbassāpi sahāpi attanā,
Ayameva mahantataro kali;
Yo sugatesu manaṃ padosaye.
‘‘Sataṃ sahassānaṃ nirabbudānaṃ,
Chattiṃsati pañca ca abbudāni;
Yamariyagarahī [yamariye garahī (syā. kaṃ.), yamariyaṃ garahaṃ (ka.)] nirayaṃ upeti,
Vācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya pāpaka’’nti.
已对照

十、俱迦利经

10. Kokālikasuttaṃ
181PTS 1.150缅 1.152已对照

一百八十一、因缘在舍卫城。于是俱迦利(Kokālika)比丘来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的俱迦利比丘对世尊这样说——“尊者,舍利弗与目犍连有恶欲,已受恶欲所支配。”这样说了之后,世尊对俱迦利比丘这样说——“俱迦利,别这样说!俱迦利,别这样说!俱迦利,对舍利弗与目犍连令心净信吧。舍利弗与目犍连是善良的。”第二次,俱迦利比丘对世尊这样说——“尊者,虽然世尊对我是可信的、可靠的,但是,尊者,舍利弗与目犍连确实有恶欲,已受恶欲所支配。”第二次,世尊对俱迦利比丘这样说——“俱迦利,别这样说!俱迦利,别这样说!俱迦利,对舍利弗与目犍连令心净信吧。舍利弗与目犍连是善良的。”第三次,俱迦利比丘对世尊这样说——“虽然……乃至……已受恶欲所支配。”第三次,世尊对俱迦利比丘这样说——“别这样说……乃至……舍利弗与目犍连是善良的。”

于是俱迦利比丘从座而起,礼敬世尊,右绕之后离去了。俱迦利比丘离去不久,全身便布满了芥子大的疱(pīḷakā)。[那些疱]由芥子大变成绿豆大,由绿豆大变成豌豆大,由豌豆大变成枣核大,由枣核大变成枣子大,由枣子大变成余甘子(āmalaka)大,由余甘子大变成嫩木苹果(beluvasalāṭuka)大,由嫩木苹果大变成木苹果(billa)大;成了木苹果大之后,便破裂了。脓与血流了出来。于是俱迦利比丘就因那病而命终了。命终之后,俱迦利比丘因对舍利弗与目犍连心怀嫌恨,投生于钵头摩(Paduma)地狱。

于是娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)在夜将尽时容色殊胜,遍照整座祇树林,来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的娑婆主梵天对世尊这样说——“尊者,俱迦利比丘已命终了。尊者,俱迦利比丘命终之后,因对舍利弗与目犍连心怀嫌恨,已投生于钵头摩地狱。”娑婆主梵天说了这[话]。说了这[话]之后,他礼敬世尊,右绕之后,就在那里隐没了。

于是那一夜过后,世尊召唤诸比丘——“诸比丘,这一夜,娑婆主梵天在夜将尽时容色殊胜,遍照整座祇树林,来到我之处;到了之后,礼敬我,站在一旁。诸比丘,站在一旁的娑婆主梵天对我这样说:‘尊者,俱迦利比丘已命终了。尊者,俱迦利比丘命终之后,因对舍利弗与目犍连心怀嫌恨,已投生于钵头摩地狱。’诸比丘,娑婆主梵天说了这[话]。说了这[话]之后,他礼敬我,右绕之后,就在那里隐没了。”

这样说了之后,某位比丘对世尊这样说——“尊者,钵头摩地狱的寿量有多长?”“比丘,钵头摩地狱的寿量是长的。那不容易计算——‘有这么多年’,或‘有这么多百年’,或‘有这么多千年’,或‘有这么多十万年’。”“尊者,那么可以作个譬喻吗?”“可以,比丘。”世尊说——

“比丘,譬如憍萨罗的二十筐(khārī)芝麻驮(tilavāha)。有人每过一百年,就从中取出一粒芝麻;比丘,那憍萨罗的二十筐芝麻驮依这方法会更快地趋于耗尽、穷尽,而一个阿浮陀(Abbuda)地狱却不然。比丘,譬如二十个阿浮陀地狱,这样便是一个尼罗浮陀(Nirabbuda)地狱。比丘,譬如二十个尼罗浮陀地狱,这样便是一个阿波波(Ababa)地狱。比丘,譬如二十个阿波波地狱,这样便是一个阿吒吒(Aṭaṭa)地狱。比丘,譬如二十个阿吒吒地狱,这样便是一个阿休休(Ahaha)地狱。比丘,譬如二十个阿休休地狱,这样便是一个拘物头(Kumuda)地狱。比丘,譬如二十个拘物头地狱,这样便是一个须干提(Sogandhika)地狱。比丘,譬如二十个须干提地狱,这样便是一个优钵罗(Uppala)地狱。比丘,譬如二十个优钵罗地狱,这样便是一个分陀利(Puṇḍarīka)地狱。比丘,譬如二十个分陀利地狱,这样便是一个钵头摩地狱。比丘,而俱迦利比丘因对舍利弗与目犍连心怀嫌恨,已投生于钵头摩地狱。”世尊说了这[番话]。善逝说了这[番话]之后,导师又接着这样说:

“人确实一出生,

斧便生于[他]口中;

以它砍斫自己,

愚人说恶说[时]。

“凡称赞应受呵责者,

或呵责那应受称赞者;

他便以口积聚败运(kali),

因那败运而得不到安乐。

“这是微小的败运——

即在骰子上输掉财物;

纵然连同一切所有、连同自身[一并输掉],

这才是更大的败运——

即对诸善逝心怀瞋恶。

“十万尼罗浮陀,

又三十六[尼罗浮陀]与五阿浮陀;

呵责圣者者所趣入的地狱[寿量即此],

[由于他]立定了恶的语与意。”

181. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kokāliko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pāpicchā, bhante, sāriputtamoggallānā pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca; mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca. Pasādehi, kokālika, sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ. Pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho kokāliko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiñcāpi me, bhante, bhagavā saddhāyiko paccayiko; atha kho pāpicchāva bhante, sāriputtamoggallānā pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca; mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca. Pasādehi, kokālika, sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ. Pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho kokāliko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiñcāpi…pe… icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ…pe… pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti.
Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Acirapakkantassa ca kokālikassa bhikkhuno sāsapamattīhi pīḷakāhi [piḷakāhi (sī. pī.)] sabbo kāyo phuṭo ahosi. Sāsapamattiyo hutvā muggamattiyo ahesuṃ, muggamattiyo hutvā kalāyamattiyo ahesuṃ, kalāyamattiyo hutvā kolaṭṭhimattiyo ahesuṃ, kolaṭṭhimattiyo hutvā kolamattiyo ahesuṃ, kolamattiyo hutvā āmalakamattiyo ahesuṃ, āmalakamattiyo hutvā beluvasalāṭukamattiyo ahesuṃ, beluvasalāṭukamattiyo hutvā billamattiyo ahesuṃ, billamattiyo hutvā pabhijjiṃsu. Pubbañca lohitañca pagghariṃsu. Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu teneva ābādhena kālamakāsi. Kālaṅkato ca kokāliko bhikkhu padumaṃ nirayaṃ upapajji sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā.
Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sahampati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kokāliko, bhante, bhikkhu kālaṅkato. Kālaṅkato ca, bhante, kokāliko bhikkhu padumaṃ nirayaṃ upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘imaṃ, bhikkhave, rattiṃ brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho, bhikkhave, brahmā sahampati maṃ etadavoca – ‘kokāliko, bhante, bhikkhu kālaṅkato. Kālaṅkato ca, bhante, kokāliko bhikkhu padumaṃ nirayaṃ upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’ti. Idamavoca, bhikkhave, brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā maṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyī’’ti.
Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kīvadīghaṃ nu kho, bhante, padume niraye āyuppamāṇa’’nti? ‘‘Dīghaṃ kho, bhikkhu, padume niraye āyuppamāṇaṃ. Taṃ na sukaraṃ saṅkhātuṃ – ettakāni vassāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasatāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasahassāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasatasahassāni iti vā’’ti. ‘‘Sakkā pana, bhante, upamaṃ kātu’’nti? ‘‘Sakkā, bhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca –
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu vīsatikhāriko kosalako tilavāho. Tato puriso vassasatassa vassasatassa accayena ekamekaṃ tilaṃ uddhareyya; khippataraṃ kho so, bhikkhu, vīsatikhāriko kosalako tilavāho iminā upakkamena parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya, na tveva eko abbudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati abbudā nirayā, evameko nirabbudanirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati nirabbudā nirayā, evameko ababo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati ababā nirayā, evameko aṭaṭo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati aṭaṭā nirayā, evameko ahaho nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati ahahā nirayā, evameko kumudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati kumudā nirayā, evameko sogandhiko nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati sogandhikā nirayā, evameko uppalanirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati uppalā nirayā, evameko puṇḍariko nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati puṇḍarikā nirayā, evameko padumo nirayo. Padume pana, bhikkhu, niraye kokāliko bhikkhu upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
‘‘Purisassa hi jātassa,
Kuṭhārī jāyate mukhe;
Yāya chindati attānaṃ,
Bālo dubbhāsitaṃ bhaṇaṃ.
‘‘Yo nindiyaṃ pasaṃsati,
Taṃ vā nindati yo pasaṃsiyo;
Vicināti mukhena so kaliṃ,
Kalinā tena sukhaṃ na vindati.
‘‘Appamattako ayaṃ kali,
Yo akkhesu dhanaparājayo;
Sabbassāpi sahāpi attanā,
Ayameva mahantaro kali;
Yo sugatesu manaṃ padosaye.
‘‘Sataṃ sahassānaṃ nirabbudānaṃ,
Chattiṃsati pañca ca abbudāni;
Yamariyagarahī nirayaṃ upeti,
Vācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya pāpaka’’nti.
已对照

第一品。

Paṭhamo vaggo.
缅 1.155已对照

其摄颂——

劝请、恭敬、梵提婆,

婆迦梵天与另一见;

放逸、俱迦利与帝须,

都卢梵天与另一俱迦利。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Āyācanaṃ gāravo brahmadevo,
Bako ca brahmā aparā ca diṭṭhi;
Pamādakokālikatissako ca,
Turū ca brahmā aparo ca kokālikoti.
已对照

二、第二品

2. Dutiyavaggo
已对照

一、常童子经

1. Sanaṅkumārasuttaṃ
182已对照

一百八十二、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在王舍城萨毗尼(Sappinī)[河]岸。那时,常童子梵天(Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra)在夜将尽时容色殊胜,遍照整个萨毗尼[河]岸,来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的常童子梵天在世尊面前说了这首偈——

182. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati sappinītīre. Atha kho brahmā sanaṅkumāro abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ sappinītīraṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sanaṅkumāro bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
已对照

“刹帝利于人众中最尊——对那些依凭氏族者而言;

‘‘Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ, ye gottapaṭisārino;
已对照

明与行具足者,他于天与人中最尊。”

Vijjācaraṇasampanno, so seṭṭho devamānuse’’ti.
已对照

常童子梵天说了这话。导师表示赞同。于是常童子梵天想「导师对我表示赞同了」,便礼敬世尊,右绕之后,就在那里隐没了。

Idamavoca brahmā sanaṅkumāro. Samanuñño satthā ahosi. Atha kho brahmā sanaṅkumāro ‘‘samanuñño me satthā’’ti bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
已对照

二、提婆达多经

2. Devadattasuttaṃ
183PTS 1.154已对照

一百八十三、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在王舍城灵鹫山,提婆达多(Devadatta)离去不久。那时,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)在夜将尽时容色殊胜,遍照整座灵鹫山,来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的娑婆主梵天就提婆达多[之事],在世尊面前说了这首偈——

183. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate acirapakkante devadatte. Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ pabbataṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sahampati devadattaṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
缅 1.156已对照

“果实确实毁灭芭蕉,果实[毁灭]竹,果实[毁灭]芦苇;

‘‘Phalaṃ ve kadaliṃ hanti, phalaṃ veḷuṃ phalaṃ naḷaṃ;
已对照

恭敬毁灭卑劣之人(kāpurisa),如胎[毁灭]母骡。”

Sakkāro kāpurisaṃ hanti, gabbho assatariṃ yathā’’ti.
已对照

三、安陀迦频陀经

3. Andhakavindasuttaṃ
184缅 1.157已对照

一百八十四、一时,世尊住在摩揭陀的安陀迦频陀(Andhakavinda)。那时,世尊在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中坐在露地,天也一点一滴地下着雨。那时,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)在夜将尽时容色殊胜,遍照整个安陀迦频陀,来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的娑婆主梵天在世尊面前说了这些偈——

“应亲近边远的坐卧处,

为从诸结解脱而行;

若在那里得不到喜乐,

应住于僧中,自护、具念。

“挨家挨户为团食而行,

守护诸根、审慎、具念;

应亲近边远的坐卧处,

脱离怖畏,于无畏解脱。

“在有可怖之物、爬虫之处,

闪电往来,天雷轰鸣;

在黑暗昏冥的夜里,

比丘坐在那里,已离身毛竖立。

“这确是我所见,此非辗转传闻;

在一种梵行之中,便有一千人舍离了死。

“此外还有五百位有学,以及十[位]与十个十[位];

全都已入流,不趣畜生[道]。

“另有其余之众,我意以为是有福分者;

我实不能计数,因怕虚妄语。”

184. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā māgadhesu viharati andhakavinde. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā rattandhakāratimisāyaṃ abbhokāse nisinno hoti, devo ca ekamekaṃ phusāyati. Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ andhakavindaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato santike imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
‘‘Sevetha pantāni senāsanāni,
Careyya saṃyojanavippamokkhā;
Sace ratiṃ nādhigaccheyya tattha,
Saṅghe vase rakkhitatto satīmā.
‘‘Kulākulaṃ piṇḍikāya caranto,
Indriyagutto nipako satīmā;
Sevetha pantāni senāsanāni,
Bhayā pamutto abhaye vimutto.
‘‘Yattha bheravā sarīsapā [siriṃ sapā (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)],
Vijju sañcarati thanayati devo;
Andhakāratimisāya rattiyā,
Nisīdi tattha bhikkhu vigatalomahaṃso.
‘‘Idañhi jātu me diṭṭhaṃ, nayidaṃ itihītihaṃ;
Ekasmiṃ brahmacariyasmiṃ, sahassaṃ maccuhāyinaṃ.
‘‘Bhiyyo [bhīyo (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] pañcasatā sekkhā, dasā ca dasadhā dasa;
Sabbe sotasamāpannā, atiracchānagāmino.
‘‘Athāyaṃ [atthāyaṃ-itipi dī. ni. 2.290] itarā pajā, puññabhāgāti me mano;
Saṅkhātuṃ nopi sakkomi, musāvādassa ottapa’’nti [ottapeti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.), ottappeti (ka.)].
已对照

四、阿楼那婆提经

4. Aruṇavatīsuttaṃ
185PTS 1.155已对照

一百八十五、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在舍卫城……乃至……在那里,世尊召唤诸比丘:“诸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘应诺世尊。世尊这样说——

185. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
已对照

“诸比丘,从前有一位名叫阿楼那婆(Aruṇavā)的国王。诸比丘,阿楼那婆王有一座名叫阿楼那婆提(Aruṇavatī)的王都。诸比丘,尸弃(Sikhī)世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者依阿楼那婆提王都而住。诸比丘,尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者有名为阿毗浮与三婆婆(Abhibhū, Sambhava)的一对弟子,是最上的贤善一对。诸比丘,那时,尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者召唤阿毗浮比丘:‘婆罗门,来吧,我们去某一梵天界,直到饭食之时到来。’‘是的,尊者。’诸比丘,阿毗浮比丘应诺尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者。诸比丘,那时,尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者与阿毗浮比丘——犹如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那样——从阿楼那婆提王都隐没,出现在那梵天界。

‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā ahosi aruṇavā nāma. Rañño kho pana, bhikkhave, aruṇavato aruṇavatī nāma rājadhānī ahosi. Aruṇavatiṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, rājadhāniṃ [aruṇavatiyaṃ kho pana bhikkhave rājadhāniyaṃ (pī. ka.)] sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho upanissāya vihāsi. Sikhissa kho pana, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa abhibhūsambhavaṃ nāma sāvakayugaṃ ahosi aggaṃ bhaddayugaṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘āyāma, brāhmaṇa, yena aññataro brahmaloko tenupasaṅkamissāma, yāva bhattassa kālo bhavissatī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paccassosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhū ca bhikkhu – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – aruṇavatiyā rājadhāniyā antarahitā tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahesuṃ.
PTS 1.156缅 1.158已对照

“诸比丘,那时,尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者召唤阿毗浮比丘:‘婆罗门,愿对梵天、梵众与诸梵众天的法语在你[心中]现起。’‘是的,尊者。’诸比丘,阿毗浮比丘应诺尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者之后,以法语为梵天、梵众与诸梵众天开示、劝导、激励、令欢喜。诸比丘,在那里,梵天、梵众与诸梵众天讥嫌、抱怨、四处宣扬:‘诸位,真是稀有啊!诸位,真是未曾有啊!导师亲自在场,弟子怎么竟会说法呢!’”

‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘paṭibhātu, brāhmaṇa, taṃ brahmuno ca brahmaparisāya ca brahmapārisajjānañca dhammī kathā’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho, bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paṭissutvā, brahmānañca brahmaparisañca brahmapārisajje ca dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca ujjhāyanti khiyyanti [khīyanti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vipācenti – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho, kathañhi nāma satthari sammukhībhūte sāvako dhammaṃ desessatī’’’ti!
已对照

“诸比丘,那时,尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者召唤阿毗浮比丘:‘婆罗门,梵天、梵众与诸梵众天在讥嫌——诸位,真是稀有啊!诸位,真是未曾有啊!导师亲自在场,弟子怎么竟会说法呢!那么,婆罗门,你要更进一步令梵天、梵众与诸梵众天生起悚惧。’‘是的,尊者。’诸比丘,阿毗浮比丘应诺尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者之后,以可见之身说法,也以不可见之身说法;以可见的下半身、不可见的上半身说法,也以可见的上半身、不可见的下半身说法。诸比丘,在那里,梵天、梵众与诸梵众天都生起了稀有、未曾有之心:‘诸位,真是稀有啊!诸位,真是未曾有啊!沙门的大神通性、大威力性!’”

‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘ujjhāyanti kho te, brāhmaṇa, brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca – acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, kathañhi nāma satthari sammukhībhūte sāvako dhammaṃ desessatīti! Tena hi tvaṃ brāhmaṇa, bhiyyosomattāya brahmānañca brahmaparisañca brahmapārisajje ca saṃvejehī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho, bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paṭissutvā dissamānenapi kāyena dhammaṃ desesi, adissamānenapi kāyena dhammaṃ desesi, dissamānenapi heṭṭhimena upaḍḍhakāyena adissamānena uparimena upaḍḍhakāyena dhammaṃ desesi, dissamānenapi uparimena upaḍḍhakāyena adissamānena heṭṭhimena upaḍḍhakāyena dhammaṃ desesi. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca acchariyabbhutacittajātā ahesuṃ – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā’’’ti!
已对照

“那时,阿毗浮比丘对尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者这样说:‘尊者,我自知曾在比丘僧团中说过这样的话——贤友们,我能站在梵天界,以声音令千世界了知。’‘婆罗门,正是时候;婆罗门,正是时候——就是你站在梵天界、以声音令千世界了知[之时]。’‘是的,尊者。’诸比丘,阿毗浮比丘应诺尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者之后,站在梵天界说了这些偈——

‘‘Atha kho abhibhū bhikkhu sikhiṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘abhijānāmi khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhikkhusaṅghassa majjhe evarūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā – pahomi khvāhaṃ āvuso, brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṃ [sahassīlokadhātuṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] sarena viññāpetu’nti. ‘Etassa, brāhmaṇa, kālo, etassa, brāhmaṇa, kālo; yaṃ tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpeyyāsī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho, bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paṭissutvā brahmaloke ṭhito imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
已对照

“你们当奋起,当出离,当致力于佛陀的教法;

‘‘Ārambhatha [ārabbhatha (sabbattha)] nikkamatha [nikkhamatha (sī. pī.)], yuñjatha buddhasāsane;
已对照

当摧破死[王]之军,如象[摧破]芦苇屋。

Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro.
PTS 1.157已对照

“凡于此法与律中不放逸而住者,

‘‘Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati;
已对照

舍离生死轮回,将作苦的边际。”

Pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti.
缅 1.159已对照

“诸比丘,那时,尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者与阿毗浮比丘令梵天、梵众与诸梵众天生起悚惧之后——犹如……乃至……从那梵天界隐没,出现在阿楼那婆提王都。诸比丘,那时,尸弃世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者召唤诸比丘:‘诸比丘,你们听到阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界说偈了吗?’‘尊者,我们听到阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界说偈了。’‘诸比丘,那么你们是怎样听到阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界说偈的呢?’”尊者,我们是这样听到阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界说偈的——

‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī ca bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhū ca bhikkhu brahmānañca brahmaparisañca brahmapārisajje ca saṃvejetvā – seyyathāpi nāma…pe… tasmiṃ brahmaloke antarahitā aruṇavatiyā rājadhāniyā pāturahesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘assuttha no, tumhe, bhikkhave, abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’ti? ‘Assumha kho mayaṃ, bhante, abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’ti. ‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tumhe, bhikkhave, assuttha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’’’ti? Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, assumha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassa –
已对照

“你们当奋起,当出离,当致力于佛陀的教法;

‘‘Ārambhatha nikkamatha, yuñjatha buddhasāsane;
已对照

当摧破死[王]之军,如象[摧破]芦苇屋。

Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro.
已对照

“凡于此法与律中不放逸而住者,

‘‘Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati;
已对照

舍离生死轮回,将作苦的边际。”

Pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti.
已对照

“‘尊者,我们是这样听到阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界说偈的。’‘善哉,善哉,诸比丘!诸比丘,你们真是善哉!你们听到了阿毗浮比丘站在梵天界说偈。’”

‘‘‘Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, assumha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’ti. ‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhave; sādhu kho tumhe, bhikkhave! Assuttha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’’’ti.
已对照

世尊说了这[番话]。那些比丘满意、欢喜世尊之所说。

Idamavoca bhagavā, attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
已对照

五、般涅槃经

5. Parinibbānasuttaṃ
186PTS 1.158缅 1.160已对照

一百八十六、一时,世尊住在拘尸那罗(Kusinārā)优婆跋多那(Upavattana)末罗人的娑罗林中、双娑罗树之间,正值般涅槃之时。于是,世尊召唤诸比丘:“那么,诸比丘,我现在告诉你们:‘诸行是坏灭法,当以不放逸成就。’这是如来最后之语。”

于是,世尊入初禅。从初禅出定后,入第二禅。从第二禅出定后,入第三禅。从第三禅出定后,入第四禅。从第四禅出定后,入空无边处。从空无边处出定后,入识无边处。从识无边处出定后,入无所有处。从无所有处出定后,入非想非非想处。从非想非非想处出定后,入想受灭。

从想受灭出定后,入非想非非想处。从非想非非想处出定后,入无所有处。从无所有处出定后,入识无边处。从识无边处出定后,入空无边处。从空无边处出定后,入第四禅。从第四禅出定后,入第三禅。从第三禅出定后,入第二禅。从第二禅出定后,入初禅。从初禅出定后,入第二禅。从第二禅出定后,入第三禅。从第三禅出定后,入第四禅。从第四禅出定后,世尊随即般涅槃。世尊般涅槃时,与般涅槃同时,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)说了这首偈——

“世间一切生类,皆将舍其身聚;

[今]这样的导师——于世无可比拟者、

已得[十]力的如来、正觉者——已般涅槃。”

世尊般涅槃时,与般涅槃同时,诸天之主帝释(Sakka devānaminda)说了这首偈——

“诸行实是无常,是生灭之法;

生起之后便灭去,其寂止为乐。”

世尊般涅槃时,与般涅槃同时,具寿阿难说了这首偈——

“那时是可怖的,那时是令身毛竖立的——

当具足一切行相之胜的正觉者般涅槃之时。”

世尊般涅槃时,与般涅槃同时,具寿阿那律(Anuruddha)说了这些偈——

“心已住立的如如者,无有入息出息;

不动的具眼者趣向寂静,已般涅槃。

“以不退缩的心忍受了[那]受;

如同灯的熄灭,[他]心的解脱就是这样。”

186. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kusinārāyaṃ viharati upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane antarena yamakasālānaṃ parinibbānasamaye. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘handa dāni, bhikkhave, āmantayāmi vo – ‘vayadhammā saṅkhārā, appamādena sampādethā’ti. Ayaṃ tathāgatassa pacchimā vācā’’.
Atha kho bhagavā paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ [paṭhamajjhānaṃ (syā. kaṃ.) evaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ iccādīsupi] samāpajji. Paṭhamā jhānā [paṭhamajjhānā (syā. kaṃ.) evaṃ dutiyā jhānā iccādīsupi] vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Dutiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Tatiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Catutthā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākāsānañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Viññāṇañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākiñcaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpajji.
Saññāvedayitanirodhā vuṭṭhahitvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākiñcaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Viññāṇañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākāsānañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Catutthā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Tatiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Dutiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Paṭhamā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Dutiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Tatiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Catutthā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā samanantaraṃ bhagavā parinibbāyi. Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā brahmā sahampati imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
‘‘Sabbeva nikkhipissanti, bhūtā loke samussayaṃ;
Yattha etādiso satthā, loke appaṭipuggalo;
Tathāgato balappatto, sambuddho parinibbuto’’ti.
Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā sakko devānamindo imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
‘‘Aniccā vata saṅkhārā, uppādavayadhammino;
Uppajjitvā nirujjhanti, tesaṃ vūpasamo sukho’’ti.
Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā āyasmā ānando imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
‘‘Tadāsi yaṃ bhiṃsanakaṃ, tadāsi lomahaṃsanaṃ;
Sabbākāravarūpete, sambuddhe parinibbute’’ti.
Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā āyasmā anuruddho imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
‘‘Nāhu assāsapassāso, ṭhitacittassa tādino;
Anejo santimārabbha, cakkhumā parinibbuto [yaṃ kālamakarī muni (mahāparinibbānasutte)].
‘‘Asallīnena cittena, vedanaṃ ajjhavāsayi;
Pajjotasseva nibbānaṃ, vimokkho cetaso ahū’’ti.
已对照

第二品。

Dutiyo vaggo.
已对照

其摄颂——

梵天常童子、提婆达多,安陀迦频陀、阿楼那婆提;

连同般涅槃[经]所开示的,这梵天五[经]。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Brahmāsanaṃ devadatto, andhakavindo aruṇavatī;
Parinibbānena ca desitaṃ, idaṃ brahmapañcakanti.
已对照

《梵天相应》完毕。[从此以下,缅甸写本中也见有这样的[摄颂]——梵天劝请与不恭敬,梵提婆与婆迦梵天;某梵天与梵天、俱迦利,帝须与都卢;梵天、俱迦利比丘,与常童子、提婆达多;安陀迦频陀、阿楼那婆提,连同般涅槃,[共]十五[经]。]

Brahmasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ. [ito paraṃ marammapotthakesu evampi dissati –§brahmāyācanaṃ agāravañca, brahmadevo bako ca brahmā.§aññataro ca brahmākokālikañca, tissakañca turū ca.§brahmā kokālikabhikkhu, sanaṅkumārena devadattaṃ.§andhakavindaṃ aruṇavati, parinibbānena pannarasāti.]