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相应部 · 念处相应·不死品 5. Amatavaggo

本经目录五、不死品一、不死经二、集起经三、道经四、念经五、善聚经六、波罗提木叉律仪经七、恶行经八、朋友经九、受经十、漏经不死品第五。

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五、不死品

5. Amatavaggo
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一、不死经

1. Amatasuttaṃ
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四百零七、因缘在舍卫城。“诸比丘,你们要于四念处心善安住而住。不要让你们失去不死。于哪四[念处]呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘于身随观身而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;于诸受……乃至……于心……乃至……于诸法随观法而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。诸比丘,你们要于这四念处心善安住而住。不要让你们失去不死。”第一[经]。

407. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Catūsu, bhikkhave, satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittā viharatha. Mā vo amataṃ panassa. Katamesu catūsu? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Imesu, bhikkhave, catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittā viharatha. Mā vo amataṃ panassā’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
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二、集起经

2. Samudayasuttaṃ
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四百零八、“诸比丘,我要为你们说四念处的集起与灭没。你们要谛听。诸比丘,而什么是身之集起?由食之集起而有身之集起;由食之灭而有身之灭没。由触之集起而有诸受之集起;由触之灭而有诸受之灭没。由名色之集起而有心之集起;由名色之灭而有心之灭没。由作意之集起而有诸法之集起;由作意之灭而有诸法之灭没。”第二[经]。

408. ‘‘Catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, satipaṭṭhānānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Ko ca, bhikkhave, kāyassa samudayo? Āhārasamudayā kāyassa samudayo; āhāranirodhā kāyassa atthaṅgamo. Phassasamudayā vedanānaṃ samudayo; phassanirodhā vedanānaṃ atthaṅgamo. Nāmarūpasamudayā cittassa samudayo; nāmarūpanirodhā cittassa atthaṅgamo. Manasikārasamudayā dhammānaṃ samudayo; manasikāranirodhā dhammānaṃ atthaṅgamo’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
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三、道经

3. Maggasuttaṃ
409PTS 5.185缅 3.162已对照

四百零九、因缘在舍卫城。在那里,世尊召唤诸比丘:“诸比丘,有一次,我住在优楼频螺尼连禅河岸边的牧羊人尼拘陀树下,初现正觉。诸比丘,那时,我独处静坐时,心中生起了这样的思虑:‘此是唯一之道(ekāyano maggo),为令众生清净,为超越愁与悲,为灭没苦与忧,为证得正理,为现证涅槃,此即四念处。

409. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘ekamidāhaṃ, bhikkhave, samayaṃ uruvelāyaṃ viharāmi najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhe paṭhamābhisambuddho. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘ekāyano ayaṃ maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’’.
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“哪四[念处]呢?或于身,比丘应随观身而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;或于诸受,比丘应随观受而住……乃至……或于心,比丘应随观心而住……乃至……或于诸法,比丘应随观法而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。此是唯一之道,为令众生清净,为超越愁与悲,为灭没苦与忧,为证得正理,为现证涅槃,此即四念处。’

‘‘Katame cattāro? Kāye vā bhikkhu kāyānupassī vihareyya ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu vā bhikkhu vedanānupassī vihareyya…pe… citte vā bhikkhu cittānupassī vihareyya…pe… dhammesu vā bhikkhu dhammānupassī vihareyya ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ekāyano ayaṃ maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti.
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“诸比丘,那时,娑婆主梵天(Brahmā Sahampati)以心了知我心中的思虑,便犹如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂、或屈曲伸展的手臂那样,从梵天界隐没,出现在我面前。诸比丘,那时,娑婆主梵天把上衣偏袒一肩,向我合掌,对我这样说——‘正是这样,世尊;正是这样,善逝!尊者,此是唯一之道,为令众生清净,为超越愁与悲,为灭没苦与忧,为证得正理,为现证涅槃,此即四念处。

‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmā sahampati mama cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – brahmaloke antarahito mama purato pāturahosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yenāhaṃ tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā maṃ etadavoca – ‘evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata! Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhante, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’’.
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“哪四[念处]呢?尊者,或于身,比丘应随观身而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;或于诸受……乃至……或于心……乃至……尊者,或于诸法,比丘应随观法而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。尊者,此是唯一之道,为令众生清净,为超越愁与悲,为灭没苦与忧,为证得正理,为现证涅槃,此即四念处。’

‘‘Katame cattāro? Kāye vā, bhante, bhikkhu kāyānupassī vihareyya ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu vā…pe… citte vā …pe… dhammesu vā, bhante, bhikkhu dhammānupassī vihareyya ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhante, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti.
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“诸比丘,娑婆主梵天说了这[番话]。说了这[番话]之后,又接着这样说:

‘‘Idamavoca, bhikkhave, brahmā sahampati. Idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca –
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‘见生之灭尽边际者、有悲悯饶益[心]者,了知唯一之道;

‘Ekāyanaṃ jātikhayantadassī, maggaṃ pajānāti hitānukampī;
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往昔[诸人]以此道渡过,凡渡暴流者[今]渡、[未来]亦将渡。’”第三[经]。

Etena maggena tariṃsu pubbe, tarissanti ye ca taranti ogha’’’nti. tatiyaṃ;
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四、念经

4. Satisuttaṃ
410缅 3.163已对照

四百一十、“诸比丘,比丘应当具念而住,这是我们对你们的教诫。诸比丘,比丘如何是具念呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘于身随观身而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;于诸受……乃至……于心……乃至……于诸法随观法而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。诸比丘,这样,比丘就是具念。诸比丘,比丘应当具念而住,这是我们对你们的教诫。”第四[经]。

410. ‘‘Sato, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vihareyya. Ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanī. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sato hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sato hoti. Sato, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vihareyya. Ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
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五、善聚经

5. Kusalarāsisuttaṃ
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四百一十一、“诸比丘,说‘善聚(kusalarāsi)’的人,若要正确地说,便应说[那是]四念处。诸比丘,因为这全然是善聚,即:四念处。

411. ‘‘‘Kusalarāsī’ti, bhikkhave, vadamāno cattāro satipaṭṭhāne sammā vadamāno vadeyya. Kevalo hāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kusalarāsi, yadidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.
PTS 5.187已对照

“哪四[念处]呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘于身随观身而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;于诸受……乃至……于心……乃至……随观心……乃至……于诸法随观法而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。诸比丘,说‘善聚’的人,若要正确地说,便应说[那是]这四念处。诸比丘,因为这全然是善聚,即:四念处。”第五[经]。

‘‘Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… cittānupassī…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. ‘Kusalarāsī’ti, bhikkhave, vadamāno ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne sammā vadamāno vadeyya. Kevalo hāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kusalarāsi, yadidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
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六、波罗提木叉律仪经

6. Pātimokkhasaṃvarasuttaṃ
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四百一十二、那时,某位比丘来到世尊之处……乃至……坐在一旁的那位比丘对世尊这样说——

412. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
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“尊者,善哉!愿世尊为我简略地说法,使我听了世尊的法之后,能独一、远离、不放逸、热勤、自策励而住。”“比丘,因此,你于此要先净化诸善法之初。而什么是诸善法之初?比丘,在此,你要以波罗提木叉(pātimokkha)律仪防护而住,具足正行与行处,于微细的罪过也见怖畏,受持学处而学习。比丘,当你以波罗提木叉律仪防护而住,具足正行与行处,于微细的罪过也见怖畏,受持学处而学习时,比丘,那时你当依于戒、立于戒,修习四念处。”

‘‘Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. ‘‘Tasmātiha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, ādimeva visodhehi kusalesu dhammesu. Ko cādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ? Idha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharāhi ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhassu sikkhāpadesu. Yato kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharissasi ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhissu sikkhāpadesu; tato tvaṃ, bhikkhu, sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bhāveyyāsi’’.
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“哪四[念处]呢?比丘,在此,你要于身随观身而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;于诸受……乃至……于心……乃至……于诸法随观法而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。比丘,当你依于戒、立于戒,如是修习这四念处时,那时,比丘,无论夜或昼到来,于诸善法唯有增长是可预期的,而非退减。”

‘‘Katame cattāro? Idha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, kāye kāyānupassī viharāhi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharāhi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Yato kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāvessasi, tato tuyhaṃ, bhikkhu, yā ratti vā divaso vā āgamissati vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihānī’’ti.
PTS 5.188已对照

于是那位比丘欢喜、随喜世尊之所说,从座而起,礼敬世尊,右绕之后离去了。于是那位比丘独一、远离、不放逸、热勤、自策励而住,不久便就在现法中自己以证智证知、成就并住于那无上的梵行终点——善男子们正是为此而正确地从家出家、成为无家者的。他证知:“生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。”而那位比丘也成为阿罗汉之一。第六[经]。

Atha kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho so bhikkhu eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca pana so bhikkhu arahataṃ ahosīti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
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七、恶行经

7. Duccaritasuttaṃ
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四百一十三、那时,某位比丘来到世尊之处……乃至……“尊者,善哉!愿世尊为我简略地说法,使我听了世尊的法之后,能独一、远离、不放逸、热勤、自策励而住。”“比丘,因此,你于此要先净化诸善法之初。而什么是诸善法之初?比丘,在此,你当舍断身恶行,修习身善行;舍断语恶行,修习语善行;舍断意恶行,修习意善行。比丘,当你舍断身恶行、修习身善行,舍断语恶行、修习语善行,舍断意恶行、修习意善行时,比丘,那时你当依于戒、立于戒,修习四念处。”

413. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. ‘‘Tasmātiha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, ādimeva visodhehi kusalesu dhammesu. Ko cādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ? Idha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, kāyaduccaritaṃ pahāya kāyasucaritaṃ bhāvessasi. Vacīduccaritaṃ pahāya vacīsucaritaṃ bhāvessasi. Manoduccaritaṃ pahāya manosucaritaṃ bhāvessasi. Yato kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, kāyaduccaritaṃ pahāya kāyasucaritaṃ bhāvessasi, vacīduccaritaṃ pahāya vacīsucaritaṃ bhāvessasi, manoduccaritaṃ pahāya manosucaritaṃ bhāvessasi, tato tvaṃ, bhikkhu, sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bhāveyyāsi’’.
缅 3.165已对照

“哪四[念处]呢?比丘,在此,你要于身随观身而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;于诸受……乃至……于心……乃至……于诸法随观法而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。比丘,当你依于戒、立于戒,如是修习这四念处时,那时,比丘,无论夜或昼到来,于诸善法唯有增长是可预期的,而非退减。”……乃至……而那位比丘也成为阿罗汉之一。第七[经]。

‘‘Katame cattāro? Idha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, kāye kāyānupassī viharāhi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharāhi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Yato kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāvessasi, tato tuyhaṃ, bhikkhu, yā ratti vā divaso vā āgamissati vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihānī’’ti…pe… aññataro ca pana so bhikkhu arahataṃ ahosīti. Sattamaṃ.
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八、朋友经

8. Mittasuttaṃ
414PTS 5.189已对照

四百一十四、“诸比丘,凡你们所怜悯的、以及认为[你们的话]值得听从的人——或朋友、或同僚、或亲族、或血亲——诸比丘,你们应劝导、安置、令他们住立于四念处的修习。

414. ‘‘Ye, bhikkhave, anukampeyyātha, ye ca kho sotabbaṃ maññeyyuṃ mittā vā amaccā vā ñātī vā sālohitā vā, te vo, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvanāya samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā.
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“哪四[念处]的[修习]呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘于身随观身而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;于诸受……乃至……于心……乃至……于诸法随观法而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。诸比丘,凡你们所怜悯的、以及认为[你们的话]值得听从的人——或朋友、或同僚、或亲族、或血亲——诸比丘,你们应劝导、安置、令他们住立于这四念处的修习。”第八[经]。

‘‘Katamesaṃ, catunnaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ye, bhikkhave, anukampeyyātha, ye ca sotabbaṃ maññeyyuṃ mittā vā amaccā vā ñātī vā sālohitā vā, te vo, bhikkhave, imesaṃ catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvanāya samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
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九、受经

9. Vedanāsuttaṃ
415已对照

四百一十五、“诸比丘,有这三受。哪三[受]呢?乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受——诸比丘,这就是三受。诸比丘,为了遍知这三受,应修习四念处。

415. ‘‘Tisso imā, bhikkhave, vedanā. Katamā tisso? Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā – imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso vedanā. Imāsaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tissannaṃ vedanānaṃ pariññāya cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvetabbā.
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“哪四[念处]呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘于身随观身而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;于诸受……乃至……于心……乃至……于诸法随观法而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。诸比丘,为了遍知这三受,应修习这四念处。”第九[经]。

‘‘Katame cattāro? Idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Imāsaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tissannaṃ vedanānaṃ pariññāya ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvetabbā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
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十、漏经

10. Āsavasuttaṃ
416PTS 5.190缅 3.166已对照

四百一十六、“诸比丘,有这三漏。哪三[漏]呢?欲漏、有漏、无明漏——诸比丘,这就是三漏。诸比丘,为了舍断这三漏,应修习四念处。

416. ‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave āsavā. Katame tayo? Kāmāsavo, bhavāsavo, avijjāsavo – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo āsavā. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tiṇṇannaṃ āsavānaṃ pahānāya cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvetabbā.
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“哪四[念处]呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘于身随观身而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;于诸受……乃至……于心……乃至……于诸法随观法而住,热勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。诸比丘,为了舍断这三漏,应修习这四念处。”第十[经]。

‘‘Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tiṇṇannaṃ āsavānaṃ pahānāya ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvetabbā’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
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不死品第五。

Amatavaggo pañcamo.
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其摄颂——

不死、集起、道,念与善聚;

波罗提木叉、恶行,朋友、受,连同漏。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Amataṃ samudayo maggo, sati kusalarāsi ca;
Pātimokkhaṃ duccaritaṃ, mittavedanā āsavena cāti.