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中部第80经 · 韦伽那娑经 Vekhanasasuttaṃ

本经目录十、韦伽那娑经

278PTS 2.40缅 2.231已对照

十、韦伽那娑经

二七八、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)的祇树林(Jetavana)给孤独园(Anāthapiṇḍika 之园)。那时,游方者韦伽那娑(Vekhanasa)来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊互相问候。互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,站在一旁。站在一旁的游方者韦伽那娑在世尊面前发出感叹:“这是最上的色,这是最上的色。”

278. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho vekhanaso [vekhanasso (sī. pī.)] paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavato santike udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo, ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo’’ti.
已对照

“迦旃延,你为什么这样说:‘这是最上的色,这是最上的色’?迦旃延,那最上的色是什么呢?”

‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, kaccāna, evaṃ vadesi – ‘ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo, ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo’ti? Katamo, kaccāna, so paramo vaṇṇo’’ti?
已对照

“乔达摩尊师,没有比它更上或更殊胜的其他色,那[色]就是最上的色。”

‘‘Yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’’ti.
已对照

“那么,迦旃延,没有比它更上或更殊胜的其他色的那色是什么呢?”

‘‘Katamo pana so, kaccāna, vaṇṇo yasmā vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthī’’ti?
已对照

“乔达摩尊师,没有比它更上或更殊胜的其他色,那[色]就是最上的色。”

‘‘Yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’’ti.
已对照

“迦旃延,你这[话]纵然可以说得很长——你说‘乔达摩尊师,没有比它更上或更殊胜的其他色,那[色]就是最上的色’,却不施设那色。迦旃延,譬如有人这样说:‘这个国中凡是国中第一美女(janapadakalyāṇī),我都想要她、爱慕她。’人们便对他这样说:‘喂,你这个人,你所想要、所爱慕的那位国中第一美女,你可知道她是刹帝利女、婆罗门女、吠舍女,还是首陀罗女?’被这样问时,他会说‘不知道’。人们又对他这样说:‘喂,你这个人,你所想要、所爱慕的那位国中第一美女,你可知道她名字如此、姓氏如此……乃至……或是高、是矮、是中等,是黑、是褐、还是金褐色的肤色……住在哪个村、哪个镇、哪个城?’被这样问时,他会说‘不知道’。人们又对他这样说:‘喂,你这个人,你既不知道、也没见过的人,你却想要她、爱慕她吗?’被这样问时,他会说‘是的’。

‘‘Dīghāpi kho te esā, kaccāna, phareyya – ‘yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi, tañca vaṇṇaṃ na paññapesi. Seyyathāpi, kaccāna, puriso evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ahaṃ yā imasmiṃ janapade janapadakalyāṇī, taṃ icchāmi taṃ kāmemī’ti. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ambho purisa, yaṃ tvaṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ icchasi kāmesi, jānāsi taṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ – khattiyī vā brāhmaṇī vā vessī vā suddī vā’ti? Iti puṭṭho ‘no’ti vadeyya. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ambho purisa, yaṃ tvaṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ icchasi kāmesi, jānāsi taṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ ‘evaṃnāmā evaṃgottāti vāti…pe… dīghā vā rassā vā majjhimā vā kāḷī vā sāmā vā maṅguracchavī vāti… amukasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā nagare vā’ti? Iti puṭṭho ‘no’ti vadeyya. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ambho purisa, yaṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi, taṃ tvaṃ icchasi kāmesī’’’ti? Iti puṭṭho ‘āmā’ti vadeyya.
PTS 2.41缅 2.232已对照

“迦旃延,你认为怎样?这样一来,那个人所说的话岂不就成了无对治之说吗?”“乔达摩尊师,确实如此;这样一来,那个人所说的话就成了无对治之说。”“迦旃延,正是这样,你说‘乔达摩尊师,没有比它更上或更殊胜的其他色,那[色]就是最上的色’,却不施设那色。”“乔达摩尊师,犹如一颗琉璃宝珠,美丽、纯正,有八个切面,善加琢磨,置于黄褐毛毯上,照耀、炽热、放光;自我在死后是有如此之色的、无病的。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, nanu evaṃ sante tassa purisassa appāṭihīrakataṃ bhāsitaṃ sampajjatī’’ti? ‘‘Addhā kho, bho gotama, evaṃ sante tassa purisassa appāṭihīrakataṃ bhāsitaṃ sampajjatī’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho tvaṃ, kaccāna, ‘yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi; tañca vaṇṇaṃ na paññapesī’’ti. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, maṇi veḷuriyo subho jātimā aṭṭhaṃso suparikammakato paṇḍukambale nikkhitto bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca, evaṃ vaṇṇo attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā’’ti.
279已对照

二七九、“迦旃延,你认为怎样?一颗琉璃宝珠,美丽、纯正,有八个切面,善加琢磨,置于黄褐毛毯上,照耀、炽热、放光,或是在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的萤火虫——这两种色中,哪一种色更超越、更殊胜呢?”“乔达摩尊师,在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的这萤火虫——它在这两种色中更超越、更殊胜。”

279. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā maṇi veḷuriyo subho jātimā aṭṭhaṃso suparikammakato paṇḍukambale nikkhitto bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti.
已对照

“迦旃延,你认为怎样?在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的萤火虫,或是在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的油灯——这两种色中,哪一种色更超越、更殊胜呢?”“乔达摩尊师,在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的这油灯——它在这两种色中更超越、更殊胜。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti.
已对照

“迦旃延,你认为怎样?在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的油灯,或是在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的大火聚——这两种色中,哪一种色更超越、更殊胜呢?”“乔达摩尊师,在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的这大火聚——它在这两种色中更超越、更殊胜。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti.
PTS 2.42缅 2.233已对照

“迦旃延,你认为怎样?在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中的大火聚,或是于夜里黎明时分,天高远、云已散尽时的太白星——这两种色中,哪一种色更超越、更殊胜呢?”“乔达摩尊师,于夜里黎明时分,天高远、云已散尽时的这太白星——它在这两种色中更超越、更殊胜。”“迦旃延,你认为怎样?于夜里黎明时分,天高远、云已散尽时的太白星,或是在那十五日的布萨日,天高远、云已散尽时,正当半夜时分的月亮——这两种色中,哪一种色更超越、更殊胜呢?”“乔达摩尊师,在那十五日的布萨日,天高远、云已散尽时,正当半夜时分的这月亮——它在这两种色中更超越、更殊胜。”“迦旃延,你认为怎样?在那十五日的布萨日,天高远、云已散尽时,正当半夜时分的月亮,或是在雨季最后一月的秋时,天高远、云已散尽时,正当日中时分的太阳——这两种色中,哪一种色更超越、更殊胜呢?”“乔达摩尊师,在雨季最后一月的秋时,天高远、云已散尽时,正当日中时分的这太阳——它在这两种色中更超越、更殊胜。”“迦旃延,那些不受用这日月之光的诸天,比[受用者]多、多得多,我了知他们。然而我不说:‘没有比它更上、更殊胜的其他色。’然而,迦旃延,你却对那比萤火虫更低劣、更卑下的色说‘那就是最上的色’,却不施设那色。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, yā vā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yā vā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, yo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṃ cando, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṃ cando, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṃ cando, yo vā vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido majjhanhikasamayaṃ sūriyo, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido majjhanhikasamayaṃ sūriyo – ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. ‘‘Ato kho te, kaccāna, bahū hi bahutarā devā ye imesaṃ candimasūriyānaṃ ābhā nānubhonti, tyāhaṃ pajānāmi. Atha ca panāhaṃ na vadāmi – ‘yasmā vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca natthī’ti. Atha ca pana tvaṃ, kaccāna, ‘yvāyaṃ vaṇṇo kiminā khajjopanakena nihīnataro ca patikiṭṭhataro ca so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi; tañca vaṇṇaṃ na paññapesi’’.
280PTS 2.43已对照

二八〇、“迦旃延,有这五欲功德。哪五种呢?眼所识的诸色,是可喜的、可乐的、可意的、可爱的、与欲相应的、能引生贪染的;耳所识的诸声……乃至……鼻所识的诸香……舌所识的诸味……身所识的诸触,是可喜的、可乐的、可意的、可爱的、与欲相应的、能引生贪染的——迦旃延,这就是五欲功德。迦旃延,缘这五欲功德而生起的乐与喜悦,这称为欲乐。如是,由诸欲而有欲乐;超出欲乐而有欲之最上乐,它在那里被称为最上。”

280. ‘‘Pañca kho ime, kaccāna, kāmaguṇā. Katame pañca? Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, sotaviññeyyā saddā…pe… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā… jivhāviññeyyā rasā… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā – ime kho, kaccāna, pañca kāmaguṇā. Yaṃ kho, kaccāna, ime pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ idaṃ vuccati kāmasukhaṃ. Iti kāmehi kāmasukhaṃ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṃ tattha aggamakkhāyatī’’ti.
缅 2.234已对照

这样说时,游方者韦伽那娑对世尊这样说:“稀有啊,乔达摩尊师!未曾有啊,乔达摩尊师!乔达摩尊师所说的这[话]是何等善说:‘由诸欲而有欲乐;超出欲乐而有欲之最上乐,它在那里被称为最上。’(‘乔达摩尊师,由诸欲而有欲乐;超出欲乐而有欲之最上乐,它在那里被称为最上。’)”“迦旃延,你是持异见者、异认可者、异乐者,[修]异行、[从]异师,诸欲、欲乐或欲之最上乐——这是你难以了知的。迦旃延,凡是那些阿罗汉、诸漏已尽、[梵行]已立、所作已办、重担已卸、己利已达、有结已尽、以正智解脱的比丘,他们才会知道这[些]:诸欲、欲乐或欲之最上乐。”

Evaṃ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘acchariyaṃ, bho gotama, abbhutaṃ, bho gotama! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ bhotā gotamena – ‘kāmehi kāmasukhaṃ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṃ tattha aggamakkhāyatī’ti. (‘Kāmehi, bho gotama, kāmasukhaṃ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṃ, tattha aggamakkhāyatī’ti) [( ) sī. syā. kaṃ. pī. potthakesu natthi] – ‘‘dujjānaṃ kho etaṃ, kaccāna, tayā aññadiṭṭhikena aññakhantikena aññarucikena aññatrayogena aññatrācariyakena – kāmā [kāmaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vā kāmasukhaṃ vā kāmaggasukhaṃ vā. Ye kho te, kaccāna, bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññā vimuttā te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ – kāmā vā kāmasukhaṃ vā kāmaggasukhaṃ vā’’ti.
281PTS 2.44缅 2.235已对照

二八一、这样说时,游方者韦伽那娑恼怒、不悦,就辱骂世尊、贬斥世尊、指责世尊,[心想]“沙门乔达摩将被陷于[无知的]窘境”,对世尊这样说:“正是这样,在此有一些沙门、婆罗门,不知前际、不见后际,却自称:‘我们了知:“生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。”’他们的这些话,只成了可笑的,只成了徒有其名的,只成了空虚的,只成了虚妄的。”“迦旃延,凡是那些沙门、婆罗门,不知前际、不见后际,却自称:‘我们了知:“生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。”’对他们来说,那本身就是如法的驳斥。不过,迦旃延,前际且搁下,后际且搁下。让一位有智之人前来,[他]不谄、不诳、心性正直,我教导[他],我为[他]说法。他若照所教导的那样行道,不久就会自己知道、自己看见:‘原来,从系缚中正确的解脱是这样的,即:从无明之系缚[解脱]。’迦旃延,犹如一个年幼、诸根迟钝、仰卧的童子,被以颈为第五的诸缚——[即]诸线缚——所缚;随着他长大、随着诸根的成熟,那些缚便解开了;他会知道‘我已解脱’,却不[知道]缚。迦旃延,正是这样,让一位有智之人前来,[他]不谄、不诳、心性正直,我教导[他],我为[他]说法。他若照所教导的那样行道,不久就会自己知道、自己看见:‘原来,从系缚中正确的解脱是这样的,即:从无明之系缚[解脱]。’”

这样说时,游方者韦伽那娑对世尊这样说:“奇哉!乔达摩尊师……乃至……愿乔达摩尊师忆持我为优婆塞,从今日起,终生皈依。”

281. Evaṃ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako kupito anattamano bhagavantaṃyeva khuṃsento bhagavantaṃyeva vambhento bhagavantaṃyeva vadamāno ‘‘samaṇo [samaṇo ca (sī. pī.)] gotamo pāpito bhavissatī’’ti bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evameva panidhekacce [panidheke (sī. pī.), panimeke (uparisubhasutte)] samaṇabrāhmaṇā ajānantā pubbantaṃ, apassantā aparantaṃ atha ca pana ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyāti – pajānāmā’ti – paṭijānanti [itthattāyāti paṭijānanti (pī.)]. Tesamidaṃ bhāsitaṃ hassakaṃyeva sampajjati, nāmakaṃyeva sampajjati, rittakaṃyeva sampajjati, tucchakaṃyeva sampajjatī’’ti. ‘‘Ye kho te, kaccāna, samaṇabrāhmaṇā ajānantā pubbantaṃ, apassantā aparantaṃ, ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyāti – pajānāmā’ti – paṭijānanti; tesaṃ soyeva [tesaṃ tesāyaṃ (sī.), tesaṃyeva so (?)] sahadhammiko niggaho hoti. Api ca, kaccāna, tiṭṭhatu pubbanto, tiṭṭhatu aparanto. Etu viññū puriso asaṭho amāyāvī ujujātiko, ahamanusāsāmi ahaṃ dhammaṃ desemi. Yathānusiṭṭhaṃ tathā paṭipajjamāno [yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāno (?)] nacirasseva sāmaññeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhiti – evaṃ kira sammā [evaṃ kirāyasmā (syā. ka.)] bandhanā vippamokkho hoti, yadidaṃ avijjā bandhanā. Seyyathāpi, kaccāna, daharo kumāro mando uttānaseyyako kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi baddho assa suttabandhanehi; tassa vuddhimanvāya indriyānaṃ paripākamanvāya tāni bandhanāni mucceyyuṃ; so mokkhomhīti kho jāneyya no ca bandhanaṃ. Evameva kho, kaccāna, etu viññū puriso asaṭho amāyāvī ujujātiko, ahamanusāsāmi, ahaṃ dhammaṃ desemi; yathānusiṭṭhaṃ tathā paṭipajjamāno nacirasseva sāmaññe ñassati, sāmaṃ dakkhiti – ‘evaṃ kira sammā bandhanā vippamokkho hoti, yadidaṃ avijjā bandhanā’’’ti.
Evaṃ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
Vekhanasasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dasamaṃ.
Paribbājakavaggo niṭṭhito tatiyo.
已对照

《韦伽那娑经》终,[《游方者品》中之]第十[经]。

《游方者品》终,第三[品]。

其摄颂——

一白莲、火、名为共谈者,长爪,又婆罗堕婆阇种;

散陀迦、优陀夷、蒙迪迦子,摩尼迦及迦旃延——殊胜之品。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Puṇḍarī-aggisaha-kathināmo, dīghanakho puna bhāradvājagotto;
Sandakaudāyimuṇḍikaputto, maṇiko tathākaccāno varavaggo.
4. Rājavaggo