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中部第74经 · 长爪经 Dīghanakhasuttaṃ

本经目录四、长爪经

201PTS 1.498缅 2.166已对照

四、长爪经

二〇一、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在王舍城(Rājagaha)灵鹫山(Gijjhakūṭa)的猪掘窟(Sūkarakhatā)。那时,游方者长爪(Dīghanakha)来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊互相问候。互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,站在一旁。站在一旁的游方者长爪对世尊这样说:“乔达摩尊师,我是如此说、如此见者:‘一切我都不认可。’”“火种(Aggivessana),你这个见——‘一切我都不认可’——这个见你也不认可吗?”“乔达摩尊师,如果这个见我认可,那也会是同样的,那也会是同样的。”“火种,比起[舍断见者],世间上那些这样说——‘那也会是同样的,那也会是同样的’——的人多而又多;他们既不舍断那个见,又执取别的见。火种,比起[不舍断见者],世间上那些这样说——‘那也会是同样的,那也会是同样的’——的人少而又少;他们舍断那个见,也不执取别的见。火种,有一些沙门、婆罗门是如此说、如此见者:‘一切我都认可。’火种,有一些沙门、婆罗门是如此说、如此见者:‘一切我都不认可。’火种,有一些沙门、婆罗门是如此说、如此见者:‘有些我认可,有些我不认可。’火种,其中,那些如此说、如此见——‘一切我都认可’——的沙门、婆罗门,他们的这个见近于贪染、近于结缚、近于欢喜、近于耽著、近于取;火种,其中,那些如此说、如此见——‘一切我都不认可’——的沙门、婆罗门,他们的这个见近于不贪染、近于不结缚、近于不欢喜、近于不耽著、近于不取。”

201. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate sūkarakhatāyaṃ. Atha kho dīghanakho paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho dīghanakho paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahañhi, bho gotama, evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘sabbaṃ me nakkhamatī’’’ti. ‘‘Yāpi kho te esā, aggivessana, diṭṭhi – ‘sabbaṃ me nakkhamatī’ti, esāpi te diṭṭhi nakkhamatī’’ti? ‘‘Esā ce [esāpi (ka.)] me, bho gotama, diṭṭhi khameyya, taṃpassa tādisameva, taṃpassa tādisamevā’’ti. ‘‘Ato kho te, aggivessana, bahū hi bahutarā lokasmiṃ ye evamāhaṃsu – ‘taṃpassa tādisameva, taṃpassa tādisamevā’ti. Te tañceva diṭṭhiṃ nappajahanti aññañca diṭṭhiṃ upādiyanti. Ato kho te, aggivessana, tanū hi tanutarā lokasmiṃ ye evamāhaṃsu – ‘taṃpassa tādisameva, taṃpassa tādisamevā’ti. Te tañceva diṭṭhiṃ pajahanti aññañca diṭṭhiṃ na upādiyanti. Santaggivessana, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘sabbaṃ me khamatī’ti; santaggivessana, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘sabbaṃ me nakkhamatī’ti; santaggivessana, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘ekaccaṃ me khamati, ekaccaṃ me nakkhamatī’ti. Tatraggivessana, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘sabbaṃ me khamatī’ti tesamayaṃ diṭṭhi sārāgāya santike, saññogāya santike, abhinandanāya santike ajjhosānāya santike upādānāya santike; tatraggivessana ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘sabbaṃ me nakkhamatī’ti tesamayaṃ diṭṭhi asārāgāya santike, asaññogāya santike, anabhinandanāya santike, anajjhosānāya santike, anupādānāya santike’’ti.
202PTS 1.499已对照

二〇二、这样说时,游方者长爪对世尊这样说:“乔达摩尊师赞扬我的见执,乔达摩尊师称扬我的见执。”“火种,其中,那些如此说、如此见——‘有些我认可,有些我不认可’——的沙门、婆罗门,凡他们所认可的,这个见近于贪染、近于结缚、近于欢喜、近于耽著、近于取;凡他们所不认可的,这个见近于不贪染、近于不结缚、近于不欢喜、近于不耽著、近于不取。火种,其中,对于那些如此说、如此见——‘一切我都认可’——的沙门、婆罗门,有智之人在那里这样思察:‘我这个见——「一切我都认可」——如果我以[见的]坚固力、以[见的]执取坚持这个见而说:「唯此是真实,余者虚妄」,我就会与两者有争执:与那位如此说、如此见——「一切我都不认可」——的沙门或婆罗门,以及与那位如此说、如此见——「有些我认可,有些我不认可」——的沙门或婆罗门,我会与这两者有争执。如是,有争执则有诤论,有诤论则有恼害,有恼害则有疲恼。’他这样观见自己身上的争执、诤论、恼害与疲恼,便舍断那个见,也不执取别的见。如是,就有这些见的舍断;如是,就有这些见的舍离。

202. Evaṃ vutte, dīghanakho paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ukkaṃseti [ukkaṃsati (sī. pī. ka.)] me bhavaṃ gotamo diṭṭhigataṃ, samukkaṃseti [sampahaṃsati (ka.)] me bhavaṃ gotamo diṭṭhigata’’nti. ‘‘Tatraggivessana, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘ekaccaṃ me khamati, ekaccaṃ me nakkhamatī’ti. Yā hi tesaṃ khamati sāyaṃ diṭṭhi sārāgāya santike, saññogāya santike, abhinandanāya santike, ajjhosānāya santike, upādānāya santike; yā hi tesaṃ nakkhamati sāyaṃ diṭṭhi asārāgāya santike, asaññogāya santike, anabhinandanāya santike, anajjhosānāya santike, anupādānāya santike. Tatraggivessana, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘sabbaṃ me khamatī’ti tattha viññū puriso iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yā kho me ayaṃ diṭṭhi – sabbaṃ me khamatīti, imañce ahaṃ diṭṭhiṃ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa vohareyyaṃ – idameva saccaṃ moghamaññanti; dvīhi me assa viggaho – yo cāyaṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – sabbaṃ me nakkhamatīti, yo cāyaṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ekaccaṃ me khamati, ekaccaṃ me nakkhamatīti – imehi assa dvīhi viggaho. Iti viggahe sati vivādo, vivāde sati vighāto, vighāte sati vihesā’. Iti so viggahañca vivādañca vighātañca vihesañca attani sampassamāno tañceva diṭṭhiṃ pajahati aññañca diṭṭhiṃ na upādiyati. Evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ paṭinissaggo hoti.
203缅 2.167已对照

二〇三、“火种,其中,对于那些如此说、如此见——‘一切我都不认可’——的沙门、婆罗门,有智之人在那里这样思察:‘我这个见——「一切我都不认可」——如果我以[见的]坚固力、以[见的]执取坚持这个见而说:「唯此是真实,余者虚妄」,我就会与两者有争执:与那位如此说、如此见——「一切我都认可」——的沙门或婆罗门,以及与那位如此说、如此见——「有些我认可,有些我不认可」——的沙门或婆罗门,我会与这两者有争执。如是,有争执则有诤论,有诤论则有恼害,有恼害则有疲恼。’他这样观见自己身上的争执、诤论、恼害与疲恼,便舍断那个见,也不执取别的见。如是,就有这些见的舍断;如是,就有这些见的舍离。

203. ‘‘Tatraggivessana, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘sabbaṃ me nakkhamatī’ti tattha viññū puriso iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yā kho me ayaṃ diṭṭhi – sabbaṃ me nakkhamatī’ti, imañce ahaṃ diṭṭhiṃ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa vohareyyaṃ – idameva saccaṃ moghamaññanti; dvīhi me assa viggaho – yo cāyaṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – sabbaṃ me khamatīti, yo cāyaṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ekaccaṃ me khamati ekaccaṃ me nakkhamatīti – imehi assa dvīhi viggaho. Iti viggahe sati vivādo, vivāde sati vighāto, vighāte sati vihesā’. Iti so viggahañca vivādañca vighātañca vihesañca attani sampassamāno tañceva diṭṭhiṃ pajahati aññañca diṭṭhiṃ na upādiyati. Evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ paṭinissaggo hoti.
204已对照

二〇四、“火种,其中,对于那些如此说、如此见——‘有些我认可,有些我不认可’——的沙门、婆罗门,有智之人在那里这样思察:‘我这个见——「有些我认可,有些我不认可」——如果我以[见的]坚固力、以[见的]执取坚持这个见而说:「唯此是真实,余者虚妄」,我就会与两者有争执:与那位如此说、如此见——「一切我都认可」——的沙门或婆罗门,以及与那位如此说、如此见——「一切我都不认可」——的沙门或婆罗门,我会与这两者有争执。如是,有争执则有诤论,有诤论则有恼害,有恼害则有疲恼。’他这样观见自己身上的争执、诤论、恼害与疲恼,便舍断那个见,也不执取别的见。如是,就有这些见的舍断;如是,就有这些见的舍离。

204. ‘‘Tatraggivessana, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘ekaccaṃ me khamati, ekaccaṃ me nakkhamatī’ti tattha viññū puriso iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yā kho me ayaṃ diṭṭhi – ekaccaṃ me khamati, ekaccaṃ me nakkhamatīti, imañce ahaṃ diṭṭhiṃ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa vohareyyaṃ – idameva saccaṃ moghamaññanti; dvīhi me assa viggaho – yo cāyaṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – sabbaṃ me khamatīti, yo cāyaṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – sabbaṃ me nakkhamatīti – imehi assa dvīhi viggaho. Iti viggahe sati vivādo, vivāde sati vighāto, vighāte sati vihesā’. Iti so viggahañca vivādañca vighātañca vihesañca attani sampassamāno tañceva diṭṭhiṃ pajahati aññañca diṭṭhiṃ na upādiyati. Evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ paṭinissaggo hoti.
205PTS 1.500已对照

二〇五、“火种,而这个身是有色的、由四大所成,由父母所生,靠饭食与粥团积聚而成,是无常、涂敷、按摩、破坏、毁灭之法,应被观见为无常、为苦、为病、为痈、为箭、为苦患、为病恼、为他、为破坏、为空、为无我。对观见这个身为无常、为苦、为病、为痈、为箭、为苦患、为病恼、为他、为破坏、为空、为无我的他来说,凡对身的欲、对身的爱恋、随身而转,那便被舍断。

205. ‘‘Ayaṃ kho panaggivessana, kāyo rūpī cātumahābhūtiko [cātummahābhūtiko (sī. syā.)] mātāpettikasambhavo odanakummāsupacayo aniccucchādanaparimaddanabhedanaviddhaṃsanadhammo, aniccato dukkhato rogato gaṇḍato sallato aghato ābādhato parato palokato suññato anattato samanupassitabbo. Tassimaṃ kāyaṃ aniccato dukkhato rogato gaṇḍato sallato aghato ābādhato parato palokato suññato anattato samanupassato yo kāyasmiṃ kāyachando kāyasneho kāyanvayatā sā pahīyati.
缅 2.168已对照

“火种,有这三种受:乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。火种,在感受乐受的时候,那时既不感受苦受,也不感受不苦不乐受,那时唯感受乐受。火种,在感受苦受的时候,那时既不感受乐受,也不感受不苦不乐受,那时唯感受苦受。火种,在感受不苦不乐受的时候,那时既不感受乐受,也不感受苦受,那时唯感受不苦不乐受。火种,乐受也是无常的、有为的、缘生的、尽灭之法、坏灭之法、离贪之法、灭之法;火种,苦受也是无常的、有为的、缘生的、尽灭之法、坏灭之法、离贪之法、灭之法;火种,不苦不乐受也是无常的、有为的、缘生的、尽灭之法、坏灭之法、离贪之法、灭之法。火种,这样见时,有闻的圣弟子便于乐受厌离,于苦受厌离,于不苦不乐受厌离;由厌离而离贪,由离贪而解脱,于解脱便有‘已解脱’之智。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。’火种,心如此解脱的比丘,不与任何人附和,不与任何人诤论;凡世间所说的,他就以那[言说]来言说,而不执取。”

‘‘Tisso kho imā, aggivessana, vedanā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Yasmiṃ, aggivessana, samaye sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, neva tasmiṃ samaye dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, na adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti; sukhaṃyeva tasmiṃ samaye vedanaṃ vedeti. Yasmiṃ, aggivessana, samaye dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, neva tasmiṃ samaye sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, na adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti; dukkhaṃyeva tasmiṃ samaye vedanaṃ vedeti. Yasmiṃ, aggivessana, samaye adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, neva tasmiṃ samaye sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti, na dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedeti; adukkhamasukhaṃyeva tasmiṃ samaye vedanaṃ vedeti. Sukhāpi kho, aggivessana, vedanā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā khayadhammā vayadhammā virāgadhammā nirodhadhammā; dukkhāpi kho, aggivessana, vedanā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā khayadhammā vayadhammā virāgadhammā nirodhadhammā; adukkhamasukhāpi kho, aggivessana, vedanā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā khayadhammā vayadhammā virāgadhammā nirodhadhammā. Evaṃ passaṃ, aggivessana, sutavā ariyasāvako sukhāyapi vedanāya nibbindati, dukkhāyapi vedanāya nibbindati, adukkhamasukhāyapi vedanāya nibbindati; nibbindaṃ virajjati, virāgā vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ, vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Evaṃ vimuttacitto kho, aggivessana, bhikkhu na kenaci saṃvadati, na kenaci vivadati, yañca loke vuttaṃ tena voharati, aparāmasa’’nti.
206PTS 1.501缅 2.169已对照

二〇六、那时,具寿舍利弗正站在世尊身后为世尊扇风。于是,具寿舍利弗这样想:“据说世尊为我们宣说以证知那些那些法而舍断[它们],据说善逝为我们宣说以证知那些那些法而舍离[它们]。”具寿舍利弗如此思察时,心由不执取而从诸漏解脱。而游方者长爪生起了远尘离垢的法眼:“凡任何集法,一切皆是灭法。”于是,游方者长爪已见法、已得法、已知法、已深入法,已度疑、已离惑,获得无所畏,于导师的教法中不依他缘,对世尊这样说:“奇哉!乔达摩尊师,奇哉!乔达摩尊师。乔达摩尊师,犹如把倒覆的扶起,把遮蔽的揭开,为迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持来油灯,使有眼者得见诸色。正是如此,乔达摩尊师以种种方式开显了法。我皈依那位乔达摩尊师、法与比丘僧团。愿乔达摩尊师忆持我为优婆塞,从今日起,终生皈依。”

206. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato piṭṭhito ṭhito hoti bhagavantaṃ bījayamāno [vījayamāno (sī. pī.)]. Atha kho āyasmato sāriputtassa etadahosi – ‘‘tesaṃ tesaṃ kira no bhagavā dhammānaṃ abhiññā pahānamāha, tesaṃ tesaṃ kira no sugato dhammānaṃ abhiññā paṭinissaggamāhā’’ti. Iti hidaṃ āyasmato sāriputtassa paṭisañcikkhato anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucci. Dīghanakhassa pana paribbājakassa virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti. Atha kho dīghanakho paribbājako diṭṭhadhammo pattadhammo viditadhammo pariyogāḷhadhammo tiṇṇavicikiccho vigatakathaṃkatho vesārajjappatto aparappaccayo satthusāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti – evameva kho bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
Dīghanakhasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.
已对照

《长爪经》终,[《游方者品》中之]第四[经]。