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中部第3经 · 法嗣经 Dhammadāyādasuttaṃ

本经目录三、法嗣经

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三、法嗣经

3. Dhammadāyādasuttaṃ
29已对照

二十九、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)的祇树林(Jetavana)给孤独园(Anāthapiṇḍika 之园)。在那里,世尊召唤诸比丘:“诸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘应诺世尊。世尊这样说——

29. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
缅 1.16已对照

“诸比丘,你们要作我的法嗣(dhammadāyāda),不要作财嗣(āmisadāyāda)。我对你们怀有悲悯(anukampā):‘怎样才能使我的弟子们成为法嗣,而不是财嗣呢?’诸比丘,倘若你们成了我的财嗣而不是法嗣,你们也会因此而被指举(ādiya)——‘导师的弟子们作财嗣而住,不作法嗣’;我也会因此而被指举——‘导师的弟子们作财嗣而住,不作法嗣’。诸比丘,倘若你们成了我的法嗣而不是财嗣,你们也不会因此而被指举——‘导师的弟子们作法嗣而住,不作财嗣’;我也不会因此而被指举——‘导师的弟子们作法嗣而住,不作财嗣’。所以,诸比丘,你们要作我的法嗣,不要作财嗣。我对你们怀有悲悯:‘怎样才能使我的弟子们成为法嗣,而不是财嗣呢?’

‘‘Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti. Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, āmisadāyādā bhaveyyātha no dhammadāyādā, tumhepi tena ādiyā [ādissā (sī. syā. pī.)] bhaveyyātha – ‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti; ahampi tena ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ – ‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti. Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhaveyyātha, no āmisadāyādā, tumhepi tena na ādiyā bhaveyyātha – ‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti; ahampi tena na ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ – ‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti. Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti.
30PTS 1.13缅 1.17已对照

三十、“诸比丘,假设我在此已食(bhuttāvī),已自恣(pavārito),已圆满(paripuṇṇo),已终毕(pariyosito),已满足(suhito),随其所欲[而足](yāvadattho);而我的团食(piṇḍapāta)尚有余,是应弃之物。这时来了两位比丘,为饥饿与虚弱所困。我便这样对他们说:‘诸比丘,我已食,已自恣,已圆满,已终毕,已满足,随其所欲[而足];而我这团食尚有余,是应弃之物。你们若愿意,就吃吧;倘若你们不吃,我现在就要把它弃于少草之处,或沉入无虫之水中。’其中一位比丘会这样想:‘世尊已食,已自恣,已圆满,已终毕,已满足,随其所欲[而足];而世尊这团食尚有余,是应弃之物。我们若不吃,世尊现在就要把它弃于少草之处,或沉入无虫之水中。然而世尊曾这样说过:「诸比丘,你们要作我的法嗣,不要作财嗣。」而这团食正是财之一种。我不如不吃这团食,就以这饥饿与虚弱这样度过这一昼夜。’他便不吃那团食,就以那饥饿与虚弱这样度过了那一昼夜。此时第二位比丘会这样想:‘世尊已食,已自恣,已圆满,已终毕,已满足,随其所欲[而足];而世尊这团食尚有余,是应弃之物。我们若不吃,世尊现在就要把它弃于少草之处,或沉入无虫之水中。我不如吃了这团食,除去饥饿与虚弱,这样度过这一昼夜。’他便吃了那团食,除去饥饿与虚弱,这样度过了那一昼夜。诸比丘,那位比丘虽然吃了那团食、除去饥饿与虚弱、这样度过了那一昼夜,然而于我,正是那前一位比丘更可尊敬(pujjatara)、更可称赞(pāsaṃsatara)。这是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为那[不食]将于长夜使那位比丘趣向少欲(appicchatā)、知足(santuṭṭhi)、削减[烦恼](sallekha)、易养(subharatā)、发起精进(vīriyārambha)。所以,诸比丘,你们要作我的法嗣,不要作财嗣。我对你们怀有悲悯:‘怎样才能使我的弟子们成为法嗣,而不是财嗣呢?’”

30. ‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī assaṃ pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; siyā ca me piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo [chaḍḍiyadhammo (sī. syā. pī.)]. Atha dve bhikkhū āgaccheyyuṃ jighacchādubbalya- [jighacchādubballa (sī. pī.)] paretā. Tyāhaṃ evaṃ vadeyyaṃ – ‘ahaṃ khomhi, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi ca me ayaṃ piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace ākaṅkhatha, bhuñjatha, no ce tumhe bhuñjissatha [sace tumhe na bhuñjissatha (sī. syā. pī.)], idānāhaṃ appaharite vā chaḍḍessāmi, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessāmī’ti. Tatrekassa bhikkhuno evamassa – ‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati’. Vuttaṃ kho panetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā’ti. Āmisaññataraṃ kho panetaṃ, yadidaṃ piṇḍapāto. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā imināva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ [rattidivaṃ (ka.)] vītināmeyya’’nti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā teneva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. Atha dutiyassa bhikkhuno evamassa – ‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā [paṭivinetvā (sī. syā. pī.)] evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya’nti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. Kiñcāpi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya, atha kho asuyeva me purimo bhikkhu pujjataro ca pāsaṃsataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno dīgharattaṃ appicchatāya santuṭṭhiyā sallekhāya subharatāya vīriyārambhāya saṃvattissati. Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’’’ti.
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世尊说了这[经]。说了这[语]之后,善逝(sugata)从座而起,进入了住处。

Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna [vatvā (sī. pī.) evamīdisesu ṭhānesu] sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.
31PTS 1.14已对照

三十一、于是,世尊离去不久,具寿舍利弗便召唤诸比丘:“贤友们,诸比丘。”“贤友。”那些比丘应诺具寿舍利弗。具寿舍利弗这样说——

31. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto acirapakkantassa bhagavato bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
已对照

“贤友们,导师独处(pavivitta)而住,弟子到何等程度[才是]不随学远离(viveka),又到何等程度[才是]随学远离呢?”“贤友,我们纵从远处而来,也正是为了到具寿舍利弗跟前领解这话的义。善哉!愿这话的义正归于具寿舍利弗[来显明];诸比丘听了具寿舍利弗[所说],当会忆持。”“那么,贤友们,你们听着,好好地作意,我要说了。”“是,贤友。”那些比丘应诺具寿舍利弗。具寿舍利弗这样说——

‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, kittāvatā ca pana satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’’ti? ‘‘Dūratopi kho mayaṃ, āvuso, āgacchāma āyasmato sāriputtassa santike etassa bhāsitassa atthamaññātuṃ. Sādhu vatāyasmantaṃyeva sāriputtaṃ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho; āyasmato sāriputtassa sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
缅 1.18已对照

“贤友们,导师独处而住,弟子到何等程度[才是]不随学远离呢?贤友们,此中,导师独处而住,弟子不随学远离;导师所说应断的那些法,他们不断;[他们]行于丰厚(bāhulika),松懈(sāthalika),于退堕(okkamana)为先导,于远离(paviveka)放弃责任(nikkhittadhura)。贤友们,此中,长老比丘因三处(ṭhāna)而应受呵责。‘导师独处而住,弟子不随学远离’——因这第一处,长老比丘应受呵责。‘导师所说应断的那些法,他们不断’——因这第二处,长老比丘应受呵责。‘[他们]行于丰厚,松懈,于退堕为先导,于远离放弃责任’——因这第三处,长老比丘应受呵责。贤友们,长老比丘因这三处而应受呵责。贤友们,此中,中级比丘……乃至……新学比丘因三处而应受呵责。‘导师独处而住,弟子不随学远离’——因这第一处,新学比丘应受呵责。‘导师所说应断的那些法,他们不断’——因这第二处,新学比丘应受呵责。‘[他们]行于丰厚,松懈,于退堕为先导,于远离放弃责任’——因这第三处,新学比丘应受呵责。贤友们,新学比丘因这三处而应受呵责。贤友们,到这等程度,导师独处而住,弟子[即是]不随学远离。

‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti? Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha, te ca dhamme nappajahanti, bāhulikā [bāhullikā (syā.)] ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā. Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Bāhulikā ca, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū…pe… navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti.
32PTS 1.15缅 1.19已对照

三十二、“贤友们,又到何等程度,导师独处而住,弟子[才是]随学远离呢?贤友们,此中,导师独处而住,弟子随学远离——导师所说应断的那些法,他们断;[他们]不行于丰厚,不松懈,于退堕放弃责任,于远离为先导。贤友们,此中,长老比丘因三处而应受称赞。‘导师独处而住,弟子随学远离’——因这第一处,长老比丘应受称赞。‘导师所说应断的那些法,他们断’——因这第二处,长老比丘应受称赞。‘[他们]不行于丰厚,不松懈,于退堕放弃责任,于远离为先导’——因这第三处,长老比丘应受称赞。贤友们,长老比丘因这三处而应受称赞。贤友们,此中,中级比丘……乃至……新学比丘因三处而应受称赞。‘导师独处而住,弟子随学远离’——因这第一处,新学比丘应受称赞。‘导师所说应断的那些法,他们断’——因这第二处,新学比丘应受称赞。‘[他们]不行于丰厚,不松懈,于退堕放弃责任,于远离为先导’——因这第三处,新学比丘应受称赞。贤友们,新学比丘因这三处而应受称赞。贤友们,到这等程度,导师独处而住,弟子[即是]随学远离。

32. ‘‘Kittāvatā ca, panāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti? Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti – yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahanti; na ca bāhulikā honti, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā. Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū…pe… navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti.
33已对照

三十三、“贤友们,此中,贪(lobha)是恶的,瞋(dosa)也是恶的。为断除贪、为断除瞋,有能生眼、能生智,导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道(majjhimā paṭipadā)。贤友们,那能生眼、能生智,导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道是什么呢?就是这八支圣道,即:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。贤友们,这就是那能生眼、能生智,导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道。

33. ‘‘Tatrāvuso, lobho ca pāpako doso ca pāpako. Lobhassa ca pahānāya dosassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ [seyyathīdaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati.
PTS 1.16已对照

“贤友们,此中,忿(kodha)是恶的,怨恨(upanāha)也是恶的……乃至……覆蔑(makkha)是恶的,攀齐(paḷāsa)也是恶的;嫉(issā)是恶的,悭(macchera)也是恶的;诳(māyā)是恶的,谄(sāṭheyya)也是恶的;顽固(thambha)是恶的,激愤(sārambha)也是恶的;慢(māna)是恶的,过慢(atimāna)也是恶的;骄(mada)是恶的,放逸(pamāda)也是恶的。为断除骄、为断除放逸,有能生眼、能生智,导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道。贤友们,那能生眼、能生智,导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道是什么呢?就是这八支圣道,即:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。贤友们,这就是那能生眼、能生智,导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道。”

‘‘Tatrāvuso, kodho ca pāpako upanāho ca pāpako…pe… makkho ca pāpako paḷāso ca pāpako, issā ca pāpikā maccherañca pāpakaṃ, māyā ca pāpikā sāṭheyyañca pāpakaṃ, thambho ca pāpako sārambho ca pāpako, māno ca pāpako atimāno ca pāpako, mado ca pāpako pamādo ca pāpako. Madassa ca pahānāya pamādassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī’’ti.
已对照

具寿舍利弗说了这[语]。那些比丘心满意足,欢喜具寿舍利弗所说。

Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
已对照

《法嗣经》终,[《根本法门品》中之]第三[经]。

Dhammadāyādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.