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中部第23经 · 蚁垤经 Vammikasuttaṃ

本经目录三、《蚁垤经》

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三、《蚁垤经》

3. Vammikasuttaṃ
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二百四十九、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)的祇树林(Jetavana)给孤独园(Anāthapiṇḍika 之园)。而那时,具寿鸠摩罗迦叶(Kumārakassapa)住在安陀林(Andhavana)。于是有一位天神,在夜将尽时、容色殊胜,遍照了整座安陀林,来到具寿鸠摩罗迦叶之处;到了之后,站在一旁。站在一旁的那位天神对具寿鸠摩罗迦叶这样说——

249. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā kumārakassapo andhavane viharati. Atha kho aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ andhavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāyasmā kumārakassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā āyasmantaṃ kumārakassapaṃ etadavoca –
PTS 1.143缅 1.196已对照

“比丘,比丘,这座蚁垤(vammika)夜间冒烟,昼间燃烧。婆罗门这样说:‘善慧(sumedha),持刀(sattha)掘(abhikkhaṇa)下去。’善慧持刀掘着,见到了一根门闩(laṅgī)。‘尊者,是门闩。’婆罗门这样说:‘除去门闩;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘着,见到了一只胀蛙(uddhumāyikā)。‘尊者,是胀蛙。’婆罗门这样说:‘除去胀蛙;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘着,见到了一处岔路(dvidhāpatha)。‘尊者,是岔路。’婆罗门这样说:‘除去岔路;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘着,见到了一只滤器(caṅgavāra)。‘尊者,是滤器。’婆罗门这样说:‘除去滤器;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘着,见到了一只龟(kumma)。‘尊者,是龟。’婆罗门这样说:‘除去龟;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘着,见到了一副刀砧(asisūnā)。‘尊者,是刀砧。’婆罗门这样说:‘除去刀砧;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘着,见到了一块肉块(maṃsapesi)。‘尊者,是肉块。’婆罗门这样说:‘除去肉块;善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘着,见到了一条龙(nāga)。‘尊者,是龙。’婆罗门这样说:‘让龙住着吧,不要触犯龙;你当向龙作礼敬。’”

‘‘Bhikkhu bhikkhu, ayaṃ vammiko [vammīko (katthaci) sakkatānurūpaṃ] rattiṃ dhūmāyati, divā pajjalati. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa laṅgiṃ ‘laṅgī, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa laṅgiṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa uddhumāyikaṃ. ‘Uddhumāyikā, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa uddhumāyikaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa dvidhāpathaṃ. ‘Dvidhāpatho, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa dvidhāpathaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa caṅgavāraṃ [paṅkavāraṃ (syā.), caṅkavāraṃ (ka.)]. ‘Caṅgavāro, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa caṅgavāraṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa kummaṃ. ‘Kummo, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa kummaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa asisūnaṃ. ‘Asisūnā, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa asisūnaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa maṃsapesiṃ. ‘Maṃsapesi, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa maṃsapesiṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa nāgaṃ. ‘Nāgo, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘tiṭṭhatu nāgo, mā nāgaṃ ghaṭṭesi; namo karohi nāgassā’’’ti.
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“比丘,你当去世尊之处请问这些问题;世尊怎样为你解答,你便怎样受持它。比丘,在这连同天、连同魔、连同梵的世间,在这连同沙门婆罗门、连同天与人的众生中,我不见有谁能以对这些问题的解答使[人]心得满足——除了如来,或如来的弟子,或从这里听闻[而知]者。”——那位天神这样说了。说了这[话],就在那里隐没了。

‘‘Ime kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pañhe bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā puccheyyāsi, yathā ca te bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāsi. Nāhaṃ taṃ, bhikkhu, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya, yo imesaṃ pañhānaṃ veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheyya aññatra tathāgatena vā, tathāgatasāvakena vā, ito vā pana sutvā’’ti – idamavoca sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi.
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二百五十、于是具寿鸠摩罗迦叶在那一夜过后,来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿鸠摩罗迦叶对世尊这样说——“尊者,这一夜有一位天神,在夜将尽时、容色殊胜,遍照了整座安陀林,来到我这里;到了之后,站在一旁。尊者,站在一旁的那位天神对我这样说——‘比丘,比丘,这座蚁垤夜间冒烟,昼间燃烧。’婆罗门这样说:‘善慧,持刀掘下去。’善慧持刀掘着……乃至……或从这里听闻[而知]者。尊者,那位天神这样说了。说了这[话],就在那里隐没了。‘尊者,什么是蚁垤?什么是夜间冒烟?什么是昼间燃烧?谁是婆罗门?谁是善慧?什么是刀?什么是掘?什么是门闩?什么是胀蛙?什么是岔路?什么是滤器?什么是龟?什么是刀砧?什么是肉块?什么是龙?’”

250. Atha kho āyasmā kumārakassapo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā kumārakassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘imaṃ, bhante, rattiṃ aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ andhavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho, bhante, sā devatā maṃ etadavoca – ‘bhikkhu bhikkhu, ayaṃ vammiko rattiṃ dhūmāyati, divā pajjalati’. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya…pe… ito vā pana sutvāti. Idamavoca, bhante, sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi. ‘Ko nu kho, bhante, vammiko, kā rattiṃ dhūmāyanā, kā divā pajjalanā, ko brāhmaṇo, ko sumedho, kiṃ satthaṃ, kiṃ abhikkhaṇaṃ, kā laṅgī, kā uddhumāyikā, ko dvidhāpatho, kiṃ caṅgavāraṃ, ko kummo, kā asisūnā, kā maṃsapesi, ko nāgo’’’ti?
251PTS 1.144已对照

二百五十一、“比丘,‘蚁垤’,这是这个四大所成(cātumahābhūtika)之身的增语(adhivacana)——[此身]由父母所生,靠饭食与粥团积聚而成,是无常、涂敷、按摩、破坏、毁灭之法。

251. ‘‘‘Vammiko’ti kho, bhikkhu, imassetaṃ cātumahābhūtikassa [cātummahābhūtikassa (sī. syā. pī.)] kāyassa adhivacanaṃ, mātāpettikasambhavassa odanakummāsūpacayassa aniccucchādana-parimaddanabhedana-viddhaṃsana-dhammassa.
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“比丘,凡缘于昼间的诸事业而于夜间反复寻思、反复审察——这就是‘夜间冒烟’。比丘,凡于夜间反复寻思、反复审察之后,昼间便以身、以语、以意把那些事业付诸实行——这就是‘昼间燃烧’。

‘‘Yaṃ kho, bhikkhu, divā kammante [kammantaṃ (ka.)] ārabbha rattiṃ anuvitakketi anuvicāreti – ayaṃ rattiṃ dhūmāyanā. Yaṃ kho, bhikkhu, rattiṃ anuvitakketvā anuvicāretvā divā kammante payojeti kāyena vācāya ‘manasā’ [( ) natthi (sī. syā.)] – ayaṃ divā pajjalanā.
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“比丘,‘婆罗门’,这是如来、阿罗汉、正等正觉者的增语。比丘,‘善慧’,这是有学(sekha)比丘的增语。

‘‘‘Brāhmaṇo’ti kho, bhikkhu, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa. ‘Sumedho’ti kho bhikkhu sekkhassetaṃ bhikkhuno adhivacanaṃ.
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“比丘,‘刀’,这是圣慧(ariyā paññā)的增语。比丘,‘掘’,这是发起精进(vīriyārambha)的增语。

‘‘‘Sattha’nti kho, bhikkhu, ariyāyetaṃ paññāya adhivacanaṃ. ‘Abhikkhaṇa’nti kho, bhikkhu, vīriyārambhassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
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“比丘,‘门闩’,这是无明的增语。‘除去门闩,舍断无明;善慧,持刀掘下去’——这就是此[语]的义。

‘‘‘Laṅgī’ti kho, bhikkhu, avijjāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa laṅgiṃ, pajaha avijjaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘胀蛙’,这是忿恼(kodhūpāyāsa)的增语。‘除去胀蛙,舍断忿恼;善慧,持刀掘下去’——这就是此[语]的义。

‘‘‘Uddhumāyikā’ti kho, bhikkhu, kodhūpāyāsassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa uddhumāyikaṃ, pajaha kodhūpāyāsaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘岔路’,这是疑(vicikicchā)的增语。‘除去岔路,舍断疑;善慧,持刀掘下去’——这就是此[语]的义。

‘‘‘Dvidhāpatho’ti kho, bhikkhu, vicikicchāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa dvidhāpathaṃ, pajaha vicikicchaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘滤器’,这是五盖(pañca nīvaraṇā)的增语,即:欲欲盖(kāmacchandanīvaraṇa)、瞋恚盖(byāpādanīvaraṇa)、昏沉睡眠盖(thinamiddhanīvaraṇa)、掉举追悔盖(uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraṇa)、疑盖(vicikicchānīvaraṇa)。‘除去滤器,舍断五盖;善慧,持刀掘下去’——这就是此[语]的义。

‘‘‘Caṅgavāra’nti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṃ nīvaraṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – kāmacchandanīvaraṇassa, byāpādanīvaraṇassa, thīnamiddhanīvaraṇassa, uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraṇassa, vicikicchānīvaraṇassa. Ukkhipa caṅgavāraṃ, pajaha pañca nīvaraṇe; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘龟’,这是五取蕴(pañca upādānakkhandhā)的增语,即:色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。‘除去龟,舍断五取蕴;善慧,持刀掘下去’——这就是此[语]的义。

‘‘‘Kummo’ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandhassa, vedanupādānakkhandhassa, saññupādānakkhandhassa, saṅkhārupādānakkhandhassa, viññāṇupādānakkhandhassa. Ukkhipa kummaṃ, pajaha pañcupādānakkhandhe; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘刀砧’,这是五欲功德(pañca kāmaguṇā)的增语——眼所识的诸色,是可喜的(iṭṭha)、可乐的(kanta)、可意的(manāpa)、可爱的(piyarūpa)、与欲相应的(kāmūpasaṃhita)、能引生贪染的(rajanīya);耳所识的诸声……乃至……鼻所识的诸香……乃至……舌所识的诸味……乃至……身所识的诸触,是可喜的、可乐的、可意的、可爱的、与欲相应的、能引生贪染的。‘除去刀砧,舍断五欲功德;善慧,持刀掘下去’——这就是此[语]的义。

‘‘‘Asisūnā’ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ – cakkhuviññeyyānaṃ rūpānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ piyarūpānaṃ kāmūpasaṃhitānaṃ rajanīyānaṃ, sotaviññeyyānaṃ saddānaṃ…pe… ghānaviññeyyānaṃ gandhānaṃ…pe… jivhāviññeyyānaṃ rasānaṃ…pe… kāyaviññeyyānaṃ phoṭṭhabbānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ piyarūpānaṃ kāmūpasaṃhitānaṃ rajanīyānaṃ. Ukkhipa asisūnaṃ, pajaha pañca kāmaguṇe; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘肉块’,这是喜贪(nandīrāga)的增语。‘除去肉块,舍断喜贪;善慧,持刀掘下去’——这就是此[语]的义。

‘‘‘Maṃsapesī’ti kho, bhikkhu, nandīrāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa maṃsapesiṃ, pajaha nandīrāgaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
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“比丘,‘龙’,这是漏尽(khīṇāsava)比丘的增语。‘让龙住着吧,不要触犯龙;你当向龙作礼敬’——这就是此[语]的义。”

‘‘‘Nāgo’ti kho, bhikkhu, khīṇāsavassetaṃ bhikkhuno adhivacanaṃ. Tiṭṭhatu nāgo, mā nāgaṃ ghaṭṭesi; namo karohi nāgassāti ayametassa attho’’ti.
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世尊说了这[经]。具寿鸠摩罗迦叶满意、欢喜世尊之所说。

Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā kumārakassapo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
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《蚁垤经》终,[《譬喻品》中之]第三[经]。

Vammikasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.