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增支部 · 三集·婆罗门品 Brāhmaṇavaggo

本经目录(六)一、婆罗门品一、第一二婆罗门经二、第二二婆罗门经三、某婆罗门经四、游方者经五、寂灭经六、坏灭经七、婆蹉种经八、帝甘那经九、生闻经十、僧迦罗婆经婆罗门品第一。

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(六)一、婆罗门品

(6) 1. Brāhmaṇavaggo
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一、第一二婆罗门经

1. Paṭhamadvebrāhmaṇasuttaṃ
52缅 1.154已对照

五十二、那时,两位婆罗门——衰老、年迈、耆宿、历时已久、到了[晚]年,生来一百二十岁——来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊互相问候。互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的那两位婆罗门对世尊这样说——“乔达摩尊师,我们是婆罗门,衰老、年迈、耆宿、历时已久、到了[晚]年,生来一百二十岁;而我们未曾作美善[之事],未曾作善[业],未曾作对怖畏的救护。愿乔达摩尊师教诫我们,愿乔达摩尊师教导我们,[那]会长久为我们带来利益与安乐。”

“婆罗门们,你们确实衰老、年迈、耆宿、历时已久、到了[晚]年,生来一百二十岁;而你们未曾作美善[之事],未曾作善[业],未曾作对怖畏的救护。婆罗门们,这世间被衰老、疾病、死亡带走。婆罗门们,当世间被衰老、疾病、死亡如此带走时,凡于此处身的自制、语的自制、意的自制,那就是他去世后的救护、庇护、洲、归依与归趣。”

“生命被带走,寿量短促,

为衰老所带走者没有庇护;

观见死亡中这样的怖畏,

应当作能带来安乐的诸福德。

“凡于此[世]身的自制,语的或心的[自制],

那对去世的他成为安乐,

[即]他在世时所作的福德。”第一[经]。

52. Atha kho dve brāhmaṇā jiṇṇā vuddhā mahallakā addhagatā vayoanuppattā vīsavassasatikā jātiyā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te brāhmaṇā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mayamassu, bho gotama, brāhmaṇā jiṇṇā vuddhā mahallakā addhagatā vayoanuppattā vīsavassasatikā jātiyā; te camhā akatakalyāṇā akatakusalā akatabhīruttāṇā. Ovadatu no bhavaṃ gotamo, anusāsatu no bhavaṃ gotamo yaṃ amhākaṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti.
‘‘Taggha tumhe, brāhmaṇā, jiṇṇā vuddhā mahallakā addhagatā vayoanuppattā vīsavassasatikā jātiyā; te cattha akatakalyāṇā akatakusalā akatabhīruttāṇā. Upanīyati kho ayaṃ, brāhmaṇā, loko jarāya byādhinā maraṇena. Evaṃ upanīyamāne kho, brāhmaṇā, loke jarāya byādhinā maraṇena, yo idha kāyena saṃyamo vācāya saṃyamo manasā saṃyamo, taṃ tassa petassa tāṇañca leṇañca dīpañca saraṇañca parāyaṇañcā’’ti.
‘‘Upanīyati jīvitamappamāyu,
Jarūpanītassa na santi tāṇā;
Etaṃ bhayaṃ maraṇe pekkhamāno,
Puññāni kayirātha sukhāvahāni.
‘‘Yodha kāyena saṃyamo, vācāya uda cetasā;
Taṃ tassa petassa sukhāya hoti,
Yaṃ jīvamāno pakaroti puñña’’nti. [saṃ. ni. 1.100] paṭhamaṃ;
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二、第二二婆罗门经

2. Dutiyadvebrāhmaṇasuttaṃ
53PTS 1.156缅 1.155已对照

五十三、那时,两位婆罗门——衰老、年迈、耆宿、历时已久、到了[晚]年,生来一百二十岁——来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的那两位婆罗门对世尊这样说——“乔达摩尊师,我们是婆罗门,衰老、年迈、耆宿、历时已久、到了[晚]年,生来一百二十岁;而我们未曾作美善[之事],未曾作善[业],未曾作对怖畏的救护。愿乔达摩尊师教诫我们,愿乔达摩尊师教导我们,[那]会长久为我们带来利益与安乐。”

“婆罗门们,你们确实衰老、年迈、耆宿、历时已久、到了[晚]年,生来一百二十岁;而你们未曾作美善[之事],未曾作善[业],未曾作对怖畏的救护。婆罗门们,这世间被衰老、疾病、死亡燃烧着。婆罗门们,当世间被衰老、疾病、死亡如此燃烧时,凡于此处身的自制、语的自制、意的自制,那就是他去世后的救护、庇护、洲、归依与归趣。”

“于燃烧的家中,凡[人]搬出的器物,

那[器物]对他才有用,而于其中被烧的则[无用]。

“这世间也如是被燃烧着——由衰老与死亡[而燃烧];

唯应以布施搬出,所施者即是善搬出者。

“凡于此[世]身的自制,语的或心的[自制],

那对去世的他成为安乐,

[即]他在世时所作的福德。”第二[经]。

53. Atha kho dve brāhmaṇā jiṇṇā vuddhā mahallakā addhagatā vayoanuppattā vīsavassasatikā jātiyā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te brāhmaṇā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mayamassu, bho gotama, brāhmaṇā jiṇṇā vuddhā mahallakā addhagatā vayoanuppattā vīsavassasatikā jātiyā; te camhā akatakalyāṇā akatakusalā akatabhīruttāṇā. Ovadatu no bhavaṃ gotamo, anusāsatu no bhavaṃ gotamo yaṃ amhākaṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti.
‘‘Taggha tumhe, brāhmaṇā, jiṇṇā vuddhā mahallakā addhagatā vayoanuppattā vīsavassasatikā jātiyā; te cattha akatakalyāṇā akatakusalā akatabhīruttāṇā. Āditto kho ayaṃ, brāhmaṇā, loko jarāya byādhinā maraṇena. Evaṃ āditte kho, brāhmaṇā, loke jarāya byādhinā maraṇena, yo idha kāyena saṃyamo vācāya saṃyamo manasā saṃyamo, taṃ tassa petassa tāṇañca leṇañca dīpañca saraṇañca parāyaṇañcā’’ti.
‘‘Ādittasmiṃ agārasmiṃ, yaṃ nīharati bhājanaṃ;
Taṃ tassa hoti atthāya, no ca yaṃ tattha ḍayhati.
‘‘Evaṃ āditto kho [evaṃ ādīvito (sī. pī.), evaṃ ādittako (syā. kaṃ.) saṃ. ni. 1.41] loko, jarāya maraṇena ca;
Nīharetheva dānena, dinnaṃ hoti sunīhataṃ [sunibbhataṃ (ka.)].
‘‘Yodha kāyena saṃyamo, vācāya uda cetasā;
Taṃ tassa petassa sukhāya hoti,
Yaṃ jīvamāno pakaroti puñña’’nti. dutiyaṃ;
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三、某婆罗门经

3. Aññatarabrāhmaṇasuttaṃ
54缅 1.156已对照

五十四、那时,某位婆罗门来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊互相问候……乃至……坐在一旁的那位婆罗门对世尊这样说——“乔达摩尊师,人们说‘现见的法、现见的法’。乔达摩尊师,到什么程度,法才是现见的、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者应各自证知的呢?”

54. Atha kho aññataro brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘sandiṭṭhiko dhammo sandiṭṭhiko dhammo’ti, bho gotama, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bho gotama, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko [opanayiko (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.) pañcamasuttassa ṭīkā oloketabbā] paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti?
PTS 1.157已对照

“婆罗门,贪染者被贪所征服、心被遍尽,既思于自身的损害,也思于他人的损害,也思于两者的损害,也感受心的苦、忧。贪已断时,他既不思于自身的损害,也不思于他人的损害,也不思于两者的损害,也不感受心的苦、忧。(贪染者……乃至……以身行恶行,以语行恶行,以意行恶行。贪已断时,他既不以身行恶行,也不以语行恶行,也不以意行恶行。贪染者……乃至……不如实了知自己的义利,也不如实了知他人的义利,也不如实了知两者的义利。贪已断时,他如实了知自己的义利,也如实了知他人的义利,也如实了知两者的义利。)婆罗门,如是,法也是现见的……乃至……。

‘‘Ratto kho, brāhmaṇa, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Rāge pahīne nevattabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. (Ratto kho…pe… kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati. Rāge pahīnā neva kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, na vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, na manasā duccaritaṃ carati. Ratto kho…pe… attatthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, paratthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ubhayatthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Rāge pahīne attatthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, paratthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ubhayatthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.) [( ) etthantare pāṭho sī. syā. kaṃ. pī. potthakesu na dissati, idhapi duṭṭhamūḷhavāresu] Evampi kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti…pe….
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“婆罗门,瞋恚者被瞋所征服、心被遍尽,既思于自身的损害,也思于他人的损害,也思于两者的损害,也感受心的苦、忧。瞋已断时,他既不思于自身的损害,也不思于他人的损害,也不思于两者的损害,也不感受心的苦、忧。婆罗门,如是,法也是现见的……乃至……。

‘‘Duṭṭho kho, brāhmaṇa, dosena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Dose pahīne nevattabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na cetasikampi [na cetasikaṃ (sī. syā. ka.)] dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Evampi kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti…pe….
缅 1.157已对照

“婆罗门,愚痴者被痴所征服、心被遍尽,既思于自身的损害,也思于他人的损害,也思于两者的损害,也感受心的苦、忧。痴已断时,他既不思于自身的损害,也不思于他人的损害,也不思于两者的损害,也不感受心的苦、忧。婆罗门,如是,法是现见的、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者应各自证知的。”

‘‘Mūḷho kho, brāhmaṇa, mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Mohe pahīne nevattabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti.
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“奇哉!乔达摩尊师,奇哉!乔达摩尊师。乔达摩尊师,犹如把倒覆的扶起,把遮蔽的揭开,为迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持来油灯,使有眼者得见诸色。正是如此,乔达摩尊师以种种方式开显了法。我皈依乔达摩尊师、法与比丘僧团。愿乔达摩尊师忆持我为优婆塞,从今日起,终生皈依。”第三[经]。

‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.
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四、游方者经

4. Paribbājakasuttaṃ
55已对照

五十五、那时,某位婆罗门游方者来到世尊之处;到了之后……乃至……坐在一旁的那位婆罗门游方者对世尊这样说——“乔达摩尊师,人们说‘现见的法、现见的法’。乔达摩尊师,到什么程度,法才是现见的、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者应各自证知的呢?”

55. Atha kho aññataro brāhmaṇaparibbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so brāhmaṇaparibbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘sandiṭṭhiko dhammo sandiṭṭhiko dhammo’ti, bho gotama, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bho gotama, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti?
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“婆罗门,贪染者被贪所征服、心被遍尽,既思于自身的损害,也思于他人的损害,也思于两者的损害,也感受心的苦、忧。贪已断时,他既不思于自身的损害,也不思于他人的损害,也不思于两者的损害,也不感受心的苦、忧。

‘‘Ratto kho, brāhmaṇa, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Rāge pahīne nevattabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
PTS 1.158已对照

“婆罗门,贪染者被贪所征服、心被遍尽,以身行恶行,以语行恶行,以意行恶行。贪已断时,他既不以身行恶行,也不以语行恶行,也不以意行恶行。

‘‘Ratto kho, brāhmaṇa, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati. Rāge pahīne neva kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, na vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, na manasā duccaritaṃ carati.
缅 1.158已对照

“婆罗门,贪染者被贪所征服、心被遍尽,不如实了知自己的义利,也不如实了知他人的义利,也不如实了知两者的义利。贪已断时,他如实了知自己的义利,也如实了知他人的义利,也如实了知两者的义利。婆罗门,如是,法也是现见的……乃至……。

‘‘Ratto kho, brāhmaṇa, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attatthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, paratthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ubhayatthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Rāge pahīne attatthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, paratthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ubhayatthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evampi kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti…pe….
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“婆罗门,瞋恚者被瞋……乃至……婆罗门,愚痴者被痴所征服、心被遍尽,既思于自身的损害,也思于他人的损害,也思于两者的损害,也感受心的苦、忧。痴已断时,他既不思于自身的损害,也不思于他人的损害,也不思于两者的损害,也不感受心的苦、忧。

‘‘Duṭṭho kho, brāhmaṇa, dosena…pe… mūḷho kho, brāhmaṇa, mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Mohe pahīne nevattabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
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“婆罗门,愚痴者被痴所征服、心被遍尽,以身行恶行,以语行恶行,以意行恶行。痴已断时,他既不以身行恶行,也不以语行恶行,也不以意行恶行。

‘‘Mūḷho kho, brāhmaṇa, mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto, kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati. Mohe pahīne neva kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, na vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, na manasā duccaritaṃ carati.
已对照

“婆罗门,愚痴者被痴所征服、心被遍尽,不如实了知自己的义利,也不如实了知他人的义利,也不如实了知两者的义利。痴已断时,他如实了知自己的义利,也如实了知他人的义利,也如实了知两者的义利。婆罗门,如是,法是现见的、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者应各自证知的。”

‘‘Mūḷho kho, brāhmaṇa, mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attatthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, paratthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ubhayatthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Mohe pahīne attatthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, paratthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ubhayatthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti.
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“奇哉!乔达摩尊师……乃至……愿乔达摩尊师忆持我为优婆塞,从今日起,终生皈依。”第四[经]。

‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
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五、寂灭经

5. Nibbutasuttaṃ
56已对照

五十六、那时,生闻(Jāṇussoṇi)婆罗门来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的生闻婆罗门对世尊这样说——“乔达摩尊师,人们说‘现见的涅槃、现见的涅槃’。乔达摩尊师,到什么程度,涅槃才是现见的、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者应各自证知的呢?”

56. Atha kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘sandiṭṭhikaṃ nibbānaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ nibbāna’nti, bho gotama, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bho gotama, sandiṭṭhikaṃ nibbānaṃ hoti akālikaṃ ehipassikaṃ opaneyyikaṃ paccattaṃ veditabbaṃ viññūhī’’ti?
PTS 1.159缅 1.159已对照

“婆罗门,贪染者被贪所征服、心被遍尽,既思于自身的损害,也思于他人的损害,也思于两者的损害,也感受心的苦、忧。贪已断时,他既不思于自身的损害,也不思于他人的损害,也不思于两者的损害,也不感受心的苦、忧。婆罗门,如是,涅槃也是现见的。

‘‘Ratto kho, brāhmaṇa, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Rāge pahīne nevattabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Evampi kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhikaṃ nibbānaṃ hoti.
已对照

“婆罗门,瞋恚者……乃至……婆罗门,愚痴者被痴所征服、心被遍尽,既思于自身的损害,也思于他人的损害,也思于两者的损害,也感受心的苦、忧。痴已断时,他既不思于自身的损害,也不思于他人的损害,也不思于两者的损害,也不感受心的苦、忧。婆罗门,如是,涅槃也是现见的。

‘‘Duṭṭho kho, brāhmaṇa…pe… mūḷho kho, brāhmaṇa, mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Mohe pahīne nevattabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Evampi kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhikaṃ nibbānaṃ hoti.
已对照

“婆罗门,当这[人]感受无余的贪尽,感受无余的瞋尽,感受无余的痴尽时,婆罗门,如是,涅槃是现见的、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者应各自证知的。”“奇哉!乔达摩尊师……乃至……愿乔达摩尊师忆持我为优婆塞,从今日起,终生皈依。”第五[经]。

‘‘Yato kho ayaṃ, brāhmaṇa [yato ca kho ayaṃ brāhmaṇa (sī.), yato kho brāhmaṇa akālikaṃ ehipassikaṃ opaneyyikaṃ paccattaṃ veditabbaṃ (ka.)], anavasesaṃ rāgakkhayaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, anavasesaṃ dosakkhayaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, anavasesaṃ mohakkhayaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti; evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhikaṃ nibbānaṃ hoti akālikaṃ ehipassikaṃ opaneyyikaṃ paccattaṃ veditabbaṃ viññūhī’’ti. ‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Pañcamaṃ.
已对照

六、坏灭经

6. Palokasuttaṃ
57PTS 1.160缅 1.160已对照

五十七、那时,某位大富婆罗门来到世尊之处……乃至……坐在一旁的那位大富婆罗门对世尊这样说——“乔达摩尊师,我曾听古时年迈、耆宿、为师及老师的老师的婆罗门们这样说:‘从前,这世间仿佛无间[大地狱]一般为人们所充满,村落、市镇、王都[稠密得]鸡飞可及。’乔达摩尊师,是什么因、什么缘,使如今人们减损,显得稀少,村落也成为非村落,市镇也成为非市镇,城市也成为非城市,地方也成为非地方?”

57. Atha kho aññataro brāhmaṇamahāsālo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so brāhmaṇamahāsālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bho gotama, pubbakānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘pubbe sudaṃ [pubbassudaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] ayaṃ loko avīci maññe phuṭo ahosi manussehi, kukkuṭasaṃpātikā gāmanigamarājadhāniyo’ti. Ko nu kho, bho gotama, hetu ko paccayo yenetarahi manussānaṃ khayo hoti, tanuttaṃ paññāyati, gāmāpi agāmā honti, nigamāpi anigamā honti, nagarāpi anagarā honti, janapadāpi ajanapadā hontī’’ti?
已对照

“婆罗门,如今的人们为非法之贪所染,为失度之贪所征服,为邪法所困。他们为非法之贪所染,为失度之贪所征服,为邪法所困,拿起锋利的刀剑,互相夺命,因此许多人命终。婆罗门,这也是[一个]因、[一个]缘,由于它,如今人们减损,显得稀少,村落也成为非村落,市镇也成为非市镇,城市也成为非城市,地方也成为非地方。

‘‘Etarahi, brāhmaṇa, manussā adhammarāgarattā visamalobhābhibhūtā micchādhammaparetā. Te adhammarāgarattā visamalobhābhibhūtā micchādhammaparetā tiṇhāni satthāni gahetvā aññamaññaṃ [aññamaññassa (sabbattha)] jīvitā voropenti, tena bahū manussā kālaṃ karonti. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, hetu ayaṃ paccayo yenetarahi manussānaṃ khayo hoti, tanuttaṃ paññāyati, gāmāpi agāmā honti, nigamāpi anigamā honti, nagarāpi anagarā honti, janapadāpi ajanapadā honti.
已对照

“再者,婆罗门,如今的人们为非法之贪所染,为失度之贪所征服,为邪法所困。对于为非法之贪所染,为失度之贪所征服,为邪法所困的他们,天不适时降下好雨。因此有饥馑,有歉收,[谷穗]白而无实,种下的只成签条。因此许多人命终。婆罗门,这也是[一个]因、[一个]缘,由于它,如今人们减损,显得稀少,村落也成为非村落,市镇也成为非市镇,城市也成为非城市,地方也成为非地方。

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etarahi manussā adhammarāgarattā visamalobhābhibhūtā micchādhammaparetā. Tesaṃ adhammarāgarattānaṃ visamalobhābhibhūtānaṃ micchādhammaparetānaṃ devo na sammādhāraṃ anuppavecchati. Tena dubbhikkhaṃ hoti dussassaṃ setaṭṭhikaṃ salākāvuttaṃ. Tena bahū manussā kālaṃ karonti. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, hetu ayaṃ paccayo yenetarahi manussānaṃ khayo hoti, tanuttaṃ paññāyati, gāmāpi agāmā honti, nigamāpi anigamā honti, nagarāpi anagarā honti, janapadāpi ajanapadā honti.
已对照

“再者,婆罗门,如今的人们为非法之贪所染,为失度之贪所征服,为邪法所困。对于为非法之贪所染,为失度之贪所征服,为邪法所困的他们,夜叉[首领]们放出凶猛的非人,因此许多人命终。婆罗门,这也是[一个]因、[一个]缘,由于它,如今人们减损,显得稀少,村落也成为非村落,市镇也成为非市镇,城市也成为非城市,地方也成为非地方。”

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etarahi manussā adhammarāgarattā visamalobhābhibhūtā micchādhammaparetā. Tesaṃ adhammarāgarattānaṃ visamalobhābhibhūtānaṃ micchādhammaparetānaṃ yakkhā vāḷe amanusse ossajjanti [ossajanti (sī.)], tena bahū manussā kālaṃ karonti. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, hetu ayaṃ paccayo yenetarahi manussānaṃ khayo hoti, tanuttaṃ paññāyati, gāmāpi agāmā honti, nigamāpi anigamā honti, nagarāpi anagarā honti, janapadāpi ajanapadā hontī’’ti.
已对照

“奇哉!乔达摩尊师……乃至……愿乔达摩尊师忆持我为优婆塞,从今日起,终生皈依。”第六[经]。

‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
已对照

七、婆蹉种经

7. Vacchagottasuttaṃ
58PTS 1.161缅 1.161已对照

五十八、那时,婆蹉种(Vacchagotta)游方者来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊互相问候。互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的婆蹉种游方者对世尊这样说——“乔达摩尊师,我听说沙门乔达摩这样说:‘只应施与我,不应施与他人;只应施与我的弟子,不应施与他人的弟子;唯有施与我的才有大果,施与他人的没有大果;唯有施与我的弟子的才有大果,施与他人的弟子的没有大果。’乔达摩尊师,那些这样说的人——‘沙门乔达摩这样说:只应施与我,不应施与他人。只应施与我的弟子,不应施与他人的弟子。唯有施与我的才有大果,施与他人的没有大果。唯有施与我的弟子的才有大果,施与他人的弟子的没有大果。’——他们是否是在转述乔达摩尊师所说的话?他们是否不曾以不实之事诽谤乔达摩尊师?是否是随法而解说法?是否没有任何如法的随论会落入应受呵责之处?因为我们并不想诽谤乔达摩尊师。”

58. Atha kho vacchagotto [vacchaputto (ka.)] paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vacchagotto paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bho gotama, samaṇo gotamo evamāha – ‘mayhameva dānaṃ dātabbaṃ, nāññesaṃ dānaṃ dātabbaṃ; mayhameva sāvakānaṃ dānaṃ dātabbaṃ, nāññesaṃ sāvakānaṃ dānaṃ dātabbaṃ; mayhameva dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ, nāññesaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ; mayhameva sāvakānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ, nāññesaṃ sāvakānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphala’nti. Ye te, bho gotama, evamāhaṃsu ‘samaṇo gotamo evamāha mayhameva dānaṃ dātabbaṃ, nāññesaṃ dānaṃ dātabbaṃ. Mayhameva sāvakānaṃ dānaṃ dātabbaṃ, nāññesaṃ sāvakānaṃ dānaṃ dātabbaṃ. Mayhameva dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ, nāññesaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ. Mayhameva sāvakānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ, nāññesaṃ sāvakānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphala’nti. Kacci te bhoto gotamassa vuttavādino ca bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānupāto [vādānuvādo (ka.)] gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati? Anabbhakkhātukāmā hi mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotama’’nti.
已对照

“婆蹉,那些这样说的人——‘沙门乔达摩这样说:只应施与我……乃至……施与他人的弟子的没有大果’——他们并不是在转述我所说的话,而是以不实、不真之事诽谤我。婆蹉,凡阻止他人布施者,是三者的障碍者,是三者的劫路者。是哪三者的呢?他是施者之福的障碍者,是受者之利得的障碍者,而且他自己早已受损、受害。婆蹉,凡阻止他人布施者,是这三者的障碍者,是这三者的劫路者。

‘‘Ye te, vaccha, evamāhaṃsu – ‘samaṇo gotamo evamāha – mayhameva dānaṃ dātabbaṃ…pe… nāññesaṃ sāvakānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphala’nti na me te vuttavādino. Abbhācikkhanti ca pana maṃ [ca pana maṃ te (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] asatā abhūtena. Yo kho, vaccha, paraṃ dānaṃ dadantaṃ vāreti so tiṇṇaṃ antarāyakaro hoti, tiṇṇaṃ pāripanthiko. Katamesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ? Dāyakassa puññantarāyakaro hoti, paṭiggāhakānaṃ lābhantarāyakaro hoti, pubbeva kho panassa attā khato ca hoti upahato ca. Yo kho, vaccha, paraṃ dānaṃ dadantaṃ vāreti so imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ antarāyakaro hoti, tiṇṇaṃ pāripanthiko.
缅 1.162已对照

“婆蹉,而我是这样说的:凡在污泥坑或排水沟中的众生,即使在那里,若有人倒掉洗锅水或洗碗水,[心想:]‘愿在那里的众生以此维生’,婆蹉,我说即使以此为因缘也有福的来到,何况对于[已]成为人者!然而,婆蹉,我说施与持戒者有大果,施与破戒者则不然;而他是舍离五支、具足五支者。

‘‘Ahaṃ kho pana, vaccha, evaṃ vadāmi – ye hi te candanikāya vā oligalle vā pāṇā, tatrapi yo thālidhovanaṃ [thālakadhovanaṃ (ka.)] vā sarāvadhovanaṃ vā chaḍḍeti – ye tattha pāṇā te tena yāpentūti, tato nidānampāhaṃ, vaccha, puññassa āgamaṃ vadāmi. Ko pana vādo manussabhūte! Api cāhaṃ, vaccha, sīlavato dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ vadāmi, no tathā dussīlassa, so ca hoti pañcaṅgavippahīno pañcaṅgasamannāgato.
PTS 1.162已对照

“哪五支已断?欲欲已断,瞋恚已断,昏沉睡眠已断,掉举追悔已断,疑已断——这五支已舍离。

‘‘Katamāni pañcaṅgāni pahīnāni honti? Kāmacchando pahīno hoti, byāpādo pahīno hoti, thinamiddhaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, vicikicchā pahīnā hoti. Imāni pañcaṅgāni vippahīnāni honti.
已对照

“具足哪五支?具足无学的戒蕴,具足无学的定蕴,具足无学的慧蕴,具足无学的解脱蕴,具足无学的解脱知见蕴——具足这五支。如是,我说施与舍离五支、具足五支者,有大果。”

‘‘Katamehi pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgato hoti? Asekkhena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena samādhikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena paññākkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena vimuttikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhena samannāgato hoti; imehi pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgato hoti. Iti pañcaṅgavippahīne pañcaṅgasamannāgate dinnaṃ mahapphalanti vadāmī’’ti.
已对照

“如是,于黑的、白的、赤的或黄褐的,

‘‘Iti kaṇhāsu setāsu, rohiṇīsu harīsu vā;
已对照

斑杂的、[与犊]同色的,或鸽色的诸母牛中,

Kammāsāsu sarūpāsu, gosu pārevatāsu vā.
已对照

“于这些之中无论哪一种[母牛],生出了调顺的牛王,

‘‘Yāsu kāsuci etāsu, danto jāyati puṅgavo;
已对照

堪任荷负、具足力量、以美好的速度前行,

Dhorayho balasampanno, kalyāṇajavanikkamo;
已对照

[人们]就把它套上重担,不考察它的毛色。

Tameva bhāre yuñjanti, nāssa vaṇṇaṃ parikkhare.
已对照

“同样,在人们之中,无论生于哪一种[家族]——

‘‘Evamevaṃ manussesu, yasmiṃ kasmiñci jātiye;
已对照

刹帝利、婆罗门、吠舍、首陀罗、旃陀罗、补羯娑,

Khattiye brāhmaṇe vesse, sudde caṇḍālapukkuse.
已对照

“于这些之中无论哪一种,生出了调顺、善持禁戒者,

‘‘Yāsu kāsuci etāsu, danto jāyati subbato;
已对照

住于法、具足戒、说真实语、心有惭,

Dhammaṭṭho sīlasampanno, saccavādī hirīmano.
已对照

“已断生与死、梵行圆满,

‘‘Pahīnajātimaraṇo, brahmacariyassa kevalī;
已对照

已舍担、离系缚、所作已办、无漏,

Pannabhāro visaṃyutto, katakicco anāsavo.
已对照

“到达一切法的彼岸、不执取而寂灭——

‘‘Pāragū sabbadhammānaṃ, anupādāya nibbuto;
已对照

正是在那离尘的田中,奉施成为广大的。

Tasmiṃyeva [tasmiṃ ve (syā. kaṃ.)] viraje khette, vipulā hoti dakkhiṇā.
缅 1.163已对照

“而愚人们不了知[田]、劣慧、无闻,

‘‘Bālā ca avijānantā, dummedhā assutāvino;
已对照

在[此教]外施予布施,不亲近诸寂静者;

Bahiddhā denti dānāni, na hi sante upāsare.
已对照

“而那些亲近诸寂静者——有慧、为坚固者所尊重者,

‘‘Ye ca sante upāsanti, sappaññe dhīrasammate;
已对照

他们对善逝的信已生根、已住立。

Saddhā ca nesaṃ sugate, mūlajātā patiṭṭhitā.
已对照

“他们或往天界,或在此[世]生于[好]家;

‘‘Devalokañca te yanti, kule vā idha jāyare;
已对照

诸智者次第证得涅槃。”第七[经]。

Anupubbena nibbānaṃ, adhigacchanti paṇḍitā’’ti. sattamaṃ;
已对照

八、帝甘那经

8. Tikaṇṇasuttaṃ
59PTS 1.163已对照

五十九、那时,帝甘那(Tikaṇṇa)婆罗门来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊……乃至……坐在一旁的帝甘那婆罗门在世尊面前称赞三吠陀婆罗门:“三吠陀婆罗门是这样的,三吠陀婆罗门也是如此的。”

59. Atha kho tikaṇṇo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho tikaṇṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavato sammukhā tevijjānaṃ sudaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati – ‘‘evampi tevijjā brāhmaṇā, itipi tevijjā brāhmaṇā’’ti.
已对照

“婆罗门,那么婆罗门们依何[理由]、如何施设三吠陀婆罗门呢?”“乔达摩尊师,在此,婆罗门于母方与父方两方面都是善生,受胎清净,直至第七代祖父,就出身论不受摈斥、不受讥毁;[他是]读诵者、持圣典者,通达三吠陀,及其语汇、仪轨、音韵与语源分析,以及作为第五的古传说;通晓语句、精通文法,于顺世论及大丈夫相圆满无缺。乔达摩尊师,婆罗门们就是这样施设三吠陀者的。”

‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ tevijjaṃ paññāpentī’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, ajjhāyako, mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ, padako, veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayoti. Evaṃ kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇā tevijjaṃ paññāpentī’’ti.
已对照

“婆罗门,婆罗门们以一种方式施设三吠陀婆罗门,而在圣者之律中,则以另一种方式成为三明者。”“乔达摩尊师,那么在圣者之律中,依何[理由]、如何成为三明者呢?善哉!愿乔达摩尊师为我宣说在圣者之律中如何成为三明者的法。”“那么,婆罗门,你要谛听,好好作意,我要说了。”“是的,尊师。”帝甘那婆罗门应诺了世尊。世尊这样说——

‘‘Aññathā kho, brāhmaṇa, brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ tevijjaṃ paññapenti, aññathā ca pana ariyassa vinaye tevijjo hotī’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana, bho gotama, ariyassa vinaye tevijjo hoti? Sādhu me bhavaṃ gotamo tathā dhammaṃ desetu yathā ariyassa vinaye tevijjo hotī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho tikaṇṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
PTS 1.164缅 1.164已对照

“婆罗门,在此,比丘已离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜、乐,成就并住于初禅。寻、伺寂止,内洁净,心专一性,无寻、无伺,定生喜、乐,成就并住于第二禅。离喜,住于舍,具念与正知,以身受乐,正如圣者们所说的:‘舍、具念、乐住。’成就并住于第三禅。舍断乐与舍断苦,先前的喜、忧已经灭没,不苦不乐,舍念清净,成就并住于第四禅。

‘‘Idha, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā, pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
已对照

“当他的心如此得定、清净、皎洁、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适于作业、住立、达到不动时,他引导心、使心转向于宿住随念智(pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇa)。他回忆起许多种宿住,即:一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、一百生、一千生、十万生、许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多坏成劫——‘我在那里有如此的名字、如此的种姓、如此的容貌、如此的食物,经历如此的苦乐,有如此的寿量;从那里死后,投生到那里。在那里又有如此的名字、如此的种姓、如此的容貌、如此的食物,经历如此的苦乐,有如此的寿量;从那里死后,投生到这里。’如此,他回忆起具有行相、具有细节的许多种宿住。这便是他所证得的第一明;无明被摧破,明生起了;黑暗被摧破,光明生起了——正如对于不放逸、精勤、自我策励而住者[所应有的]那样。

‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattārīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi, anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ. Tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Ayamassa paṭhamā vijjā adhigatā hoti; avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato, āloko uppanno yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.
PTS 1.165缅 1.165已对照

“当他的心如此得定、清净、皎洁、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适于作业、住立、达到不动时,他引导心、使心转向于众生死生智(sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇa)。他以清净、超人的天眼,看见众生的死亡与投生:或低贱或高贵,或美丽或丑陋,或善趣或恶趣,了知众生随业而去——‘这些众生确实具足身恶行……乃至……具足意恶行,诽谤圣者,持邪见,受持邪见之业;他们身坏命终之后,投生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。而这些众生具足身善行、具足语善行、具足意善行,不诽谤圣者,持正见,受持正见之业;他们身坏命终之后,投生于善趣、天界。’如此,他以清净、超人的天眼,看见众生的死亡与投生:或低贱或高贵,或美丽或丑陋,或善趣或恶趣,了知众生随业而去。这便是他所证得的第二明;无明被摧破,明生起了;黑暗被摧破,光明生起了——正如对于不放逸、精勤、自我策励而住者[所应有的]那样。

‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti – ‘ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā…pe… manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā, vacīsucaritena samannāgatā, manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti. Ayamassa dutiyā vijjā adhigatā hoti; avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato, āloko uppanno yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.
已对照

“当他的心如此得定、清净、皎洁、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适于作业、住立、达到不动时,他引导心、使心转向于漏尽智(āsavānaṃ khayañāṇa)。他如实了知‘此是苦’,如实了知‘此是苦之集’,如实了知‘此是苦之灭’,如实了知‘此是导至苦灭之道’;如实了知‘此是诸漏’,如实了知‘此是漏之集’,如实了知‘此是漏之灭’,如实了知‘此是导至漏灭之道’。当他如此知、如此见时,心从欲漏解脱,心从有漏解脱,心从无明漏解脱;于解脱时,有‘已解脱’之智。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。’这便是他所证得的第三明;无明被摧破,明生起了;黑暗被摧破,光明生起了——正如对于不放逸、精勤、自我策励而住者[所应有的]那样。”

‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ‘ime āsavā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ āsavasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ āsavanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, bhavāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, avijjāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Ayamassa tatiyā vijjā adhigatā hoti; avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato, āloko uppanno yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato’’ti.
已对照

“戒无高低者、审慎而修禅者,

‘‘Anuccāvacasīlassa, nipakassa ca jhāyino;
已对照

谁的心已得自在、专一、善得定,

Cittaṃ yassa vasībhūtaṃ, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ.
已对照

“那位驱除黑暗的坚固者、三明者、舍离死亡者,

‘‘Taṃ ve tamonudaṃ dhīraṃ, tevijjaṃ maccuhāyinaṃ;
已对照

[人们]称他为对天与人有益者、舍断一切者,

Hitaṃ devamanussānaṃ, āhu sabbappahāyinaṃ.
已对照

“具足三明、住于无迷乱者,

‘‘Tīhi vijjāhi sampannaṃ, asammūḷhavihārinaṃ;
已对照

持最后身的佛陀,[人们]礼敬那位乔达摩。

Buddhaṃ antimadehinaṃ [antimasārīraṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)], taṃ namassanti gotamaṃ.
缅 1.166已对照

“谁知宿住,并见天界与苦界,

[dha. pa. 423; itivu. 99] ‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ yo vedī, saggāpāyañca passati;
已对照

又已达生之灭尽,是以证智完成的牟尼。

Atho jātikkhayaṃ patto, abhiññāvosito muni.
已对照

“由这三明,成为三明婆罗门;

‘‘Etāhi tīhi vijjāhi, tevijjo hoti brāhmaṇo;
已对照

我称他为三明者,不[称]那复述空谈的别人。”

Tamahaṃ vadāmi tevijjaṃ, nāññaṃ lapitalāpana’’nti.
PTS 1.166已对照

“婆罗门,在圣者之律中就是这样成为三明者的。”“乔达摩尊师,婆罗门的三吠陀者是一种,而在圣者之律中的三明者是另一种。乔达摩尊师,婆罗门的三吠陀者,不值这圣者之律中三明者的十六分之一。”

‘‘Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, ariyassa vinaye tevijjo hotī’’ti. ‘‘Aññathā, bho gotama, brāhmaṇānaṃ tevijjo, aññathā ca pana ariyassa vinaye tevijjo hoti. Imassa ca pana, bho gotama, ariyassa vinaye tevijjassa brāhmaṇānaṃ tevijjo kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasiṃ’’.
已对照

“奇哉!乔达摩尊师……乃至……愿乔达摩尊师忆持我为优婆塞,从今日起,终生皈依。”第八[经]。

‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
已对照

九、生闻经

9. Jāṇussoṇisuttaṃ
60已对照

六十、那时,生闻(Jāṇussoṇi)婆罗门来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊……乃至……坐在一旁的生闻婆罗门对世尊这样说——“乔达摩尊师,凡人有祭品、或亡者食、或锅饭祭、或施物,应把布施施与三吠陀婆罗门。”“婆罗门,那么婆罗门们依何[理由]、如何施设三吠陀者呢?”“乔达摩尊师,在此,婆罗门于母方与父方两方面都是善生,受胎清净,直至第七代祖父,就出身论不受摈斥、不受讥毁;[他是]读诵者、持圣典者,通达三吠陀,及其语汇、仪轨、音韵与语源分析,以及作为第五的古传说;通晓语句、精通文法,于顺世论及大丈夫相圆满无缺。乔达摩尊师,婆罗门们就是这样施设三吠陀者的。”

60. Atha kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yassassu, bho gotama, yañño vā saddhaṃ vā thālipāko vā deyyadhammaṃ vā, tevijjesu brāhmaṇesu dānaṃ dadeyyā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, brāhmaṇā tevijjaṃ paññapentī’’ti? ‘‘Idha kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ, padako, veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayoti. Evaṃ kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇā tevijjaṃ paññapentī’’ti.
缅 1.167已对照

“婆罗门,婆罗门们以一种方式施设三吠陀婆罗门,而在圣者之律中,则以另一种方式成为三明者。”“乔达摩尊师,那么在圣者之律中,依何[理由]、如何成为三明者呢?善哉!愿乔达摩尊师为我宣说在圣者之律中如何成为三明者的法。”“那么,婆罗门,你要谛听,好好作意,我要说了。”“是的,尊师。”生闻婆罗门应诺了世尊。世尊这样说——

‘‘Aññathā kho, brāhmaṇa, brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ tevijjaṃ paññapenti, aññathā ca pana ariyassa vinaye tevijjo hotī’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana, bho gotama, ariyassa vinaye tevijjo hoti? Sādhu me bhavaṃ gotamo tathā dhammaṃ desetu yathā ariyassa vinaye tevijjo hotī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
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“婆罗门,而在此,比丘已离诸欲……乃至……成就并住于第四禅。

‘‘Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
PTS 1.167已对照

“当他的心如此得定、清净、皎洁、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适于作业、住立、达到不动时,他引导心、使心转向于宿住随念智。他回忆起许多种宿住,即:一生、二生……乃至……如此,他回忆起具有行相、具有细节的许多种宿住。这便是他所证得的第一明;无明被摧破,明生起了;黑暗被摧破,光明生起了——正如对于不放逸、精勤、自我策励而住者[所应有的]那样。

‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Ayamassa paṭhamā vijjā adhigatā hoti; avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato, āloko uppanno yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.
已对照

“当他的心如此得定、清净、皎洁、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适于作业、住立、达到不动时,他引导心、使心转向于众生死生智。他以清净、超人的天眼……乃至……了知众生随业而去。这便是他所证得的第二明;无明被摧破,明生起了;黑暗被摧破,光明生起了——正如对于不放逸、精勤、自我策励而住者[所应有的]那样。

‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena…pe… yathākammūpage satte pajānāti. Ayamassa dutiyā vijjā adhigatā hoti; avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato, āloko uppanno yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.
缅 1.168已对照

“当他的心如此得定、清净、皎洁、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适于作业、住立、达到不动时,他引导心、使心转向于漏尽智。他如实了知‘此是苦’……乃至……如实了知‘此是导至苦灭之道’;如实了知‘此是诸漏’……乃至……如实了知‘此是导至漏灭之道’。当他如此知、如此见时,心从欲漏解脱,心从有漏解脱,心从无明漏解脱;于解脱时,有‘已解脱’之智。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,再无后有。’这便是他所证得的第三明;无明被摧破,明生起了;黑暗被摧破,光明生起了——正如对于不放逸、精勤、自我策励而住者[所应有的]那样。”

‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ‘ime āsavā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘ayaṃ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, bhavāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, avijjāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Ayamassa tatiyā vijjā adhigatā hoti; avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato, āloko uppanno yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato’’ti.
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“凡具足戒与禁行、自我策励、得定者,

‘‘Yo sīlabbatasampanno, pahitatto samāhito;
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谁的心已得自在、专一、善得定,

Cittaṃ yassa vasībhūtaṃ, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ.
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“谁知宿住,并见天界与苦界,

[dha. pa. 423; itivu. 99] ‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ yo vedī, saggāpāyañca passati;
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又已达生之灭尽,是以证智完成的牟尼。

Atho jātikkhayaṃ patto, abhiññāvosito muni.
PTS 1.168已对照

“由这三明,成为三明婆罗门;

‘‘Etāhi tīhi vijjāhi, tevijjo hoti brāhmaṇo;
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我称他为三明者,不[称]那复述空谈的别人。”

Tamahaṃ vadāmi tevijjaṃ, nāññaṃ lapitalāpana’’nti.
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“婆罗门,在圣者之律中就是这样成为三明者的。”“乔达摩尊师,婆罗门的三吠陀者是一种,而在圣者之律中的三明者是另一种。乔达摩尊师,婆罗门的三吠陀者,不值这圣者之律中三明者的十六分之一。”

‘‘Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, ariyassa vinaye tevijjo hotī’’ti. ‘‘Aññathā, bho gotama, brāhmaṇānaṃ tevijjo, aññathā ca pana ariyassa vinaye tevijjo hoti. Imassa ca, bho gotama, ariyassa vinaye tevijjassa brāhmaṇānaṃ tevijjo kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasiṃ’’.
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“奇哉!乔达摩尊师……乃至……愿乔达摩尊师忆持我为优婆塞,从今日起,终生皈依。”第九[经]。

‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Navamaṃ.
已对照

十、僧迦罗婆经

10. Saṅgāravasuttaṃ
61已对照

六十一、那时,僧迦罗婆婆罗门(Saṅgārava)来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊互相问候。互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的僧迦罗婆婆罗门对世尊这样说——“乔达摩尊师,我们是所谓的婆罗门。我们既自己祭祀,也令[他人]祭祀。乔达摩尊师,此中,凡是祭祀者与令[他人]祭祀者,他们全都是行于多身的福德行道,即以祭祀为缘由的[福德行道]。乔达摩尊师,而凡是从无论哪个家族、从在家出家而成为无家者,只调伏一个自己,只寂静一个自己,只使一个自己般涅槃,即使如此,此人也[只]是行于一身的福德行道,即以出家为缘由的[福德行道]。”

61. Atha kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayamassu, bho gotama, brāhmaṇā nāma. Yaññaṃ yajāmapi yajāpemapi. Tatra, bho gotama, yo ceva yajati [yo ceva yaññaṃ yajati (syā. kaṃ.)] yo ca yajāpeti sabbe te anekasārīrikaṃ puññappaṭipadaṃ paṭipannā honti, yadidaṃ yaññādhikaraṇaṃ. Yo panāyaṃ, bho gotama, yassa vā tassa vā kulā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito ekamattānaṃ dameti, ekamattānaṃ sameti, ekamattānaṃ parinibbāpeti, evamassāyaṃ ekasārīrikaṃ puññappaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti, yadidaṃ pabbajjādhikaraṇa’’nti.
PTS 1.169缅 1.169已对照

“那么,婆罗门,我就此反问你,你认为怎样合适,就怎样回答。婆罗门,你认为怎样?在此,如来出现于世间,是阿罗汉、正等正觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上者、调御丈夫、天人导师、佛陀、世尊。他这样说——‘来吧,这是道,这是行道,我如此行道,自己证知、现证无上的梵行之立足处后宣说[它];来吧,你们也这样行道,如此行道,你们也将自己证知、现证无上的梵行之立足处,成就并住于[其中]。’如是,这位导师说法,他人也为了那[目标]而行道,而那些[人]有好几百、好几千、好几十万。

‘‘Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi. Yathā te khameyya tathā naṃ byākareyyāsi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, brāhmaṇa, idha tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So evamāha – ‘ethāyaṃ maggo ayaṃ paṭipadā yathāpaṭipanno ahaṃ anuttaraṃ brahmacariyogadhaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedemi; etha [etaṃ (ka.)], tumhepi tathā paṭipajjatha, yathāpaṭipannā tumhepi anuttaraṃ brahmacariyogadhaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissathā’ti. Iti ayañceva [sayaṃ ceva (ka.)] satthā dhammaṃ deseti, pare ca tathatthāya paṭipajjanti, tāni kho pana honti anekānipi satāni anekānipi sahassāni anekānipi satasahassāni.
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“婆罗门,你认为怎样?既然如此,这以出家为缘由的福德行道,是一身的,还是多身的呢?”“乔达摩尊师,既然如此,这以出家为缘由的福德行道也是多身的。”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, brāhmaṇa, iccāyaṃ evaṃ sante ekasārīrikā vā puññappaṭipadā hoti anekasārīrikā vā, yadidaṃ pabbajjādhikaraṇa’’nti? ‘‘Iccāyampi [iccāyante (ka.)], bho gotama, evaṃ sante anekasārīrikā puññappaṭipadā hoti, yadidaṃ pabbajjādhikaraṇa’’nti.
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这样说时,具寿阿难对僧迦罗婆婆罗门这样说——“婆罗门,这两种行道之中,你认可哪一种行道是更少繁难、更少劳扰,而果报更大、功德更大的呢?”这样说时,僧迦罗婆婆罗门对具寿阿难这样说——“就像乔达摩尊师与阿难尊师[这样的人],他们是我所尊敬的,他们是我所称赞的。”

Evaṃ vutte āyasmā ānando saṅgāravaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘imāsaṃ te, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṃ paṭipadānaṃ katamā paṭipadā khamati appatthatarā ca appasamārambhatarā ca mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṃsatarā cā’’ti? Evaṃ vutte saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘seyyathāpi bhavaṃ gotamo bhavaṃ cānando. Ete me pujjā, ete me pāsaṃsā’’ti.
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第二次,具寿阿难对僧迦罗婆婆罗门这样说——“婆罗门,我不是这样问你:‘谁是你所尊敬的?谁是你所称赞的?’婆罗门,我是这样问你:‘婆罗门,这两种行道之中,你认可哪一种行道是更少繁难、更少劳扰,而果报更大、功德更大的呢?’”第二次,僧迦罗婆婆罗门对具寿阿难这样说——“就像乔达摩尊师与阿难尊师[这样的人],他们是我所尊敬的,他们是我所称赞的。”

Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando saṅgāravaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho tyāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, evaṃ pucchāmi – ‘ke vā te pujjā ke vā te pāsaṃsā’ti? Evaṃ kho tyāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, pucchāmi – ‘imāsaṃ te, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṃ paṭipadānaṃ katamā paṭipadā khamati appatthatarā ca appasamārambhatarā ca mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṃsatarā cā’’’ti? Dutiyampi kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘seyyathāpi bhavaṃ gotamo bhavaṃ cānando. Ete me pujjā, ete me pāsaṃsā’’ti.
缅 1.170已对照

第三次,具寿阿难对僧迦罗婆婆罗门这样说——“婆罗门,我不是这样问你:‘谁是你所尊敬的?谁是你所称赞的?’婆罗门,我是这样问你:‘婆罗门,这两种行道之中,你认可哪一种行道是更少繁难、更少劳扰,而果报更大、功德更大的呢?’”第三次,僧迦罗婆婆罗门对具寿阿难这样说——“就像乔达摩尊师与阿难尊师[这样的人],他们是我所尊敬的,他们是我所称赞的。”

Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando saṅgāravaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho tyāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, evaṃ pucchāmi – ‘ke vā te pujjā ke vā te pāsaṃsā’ti? Evaṃ kho tyāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, pucchāmi – ‘imāsaṃ te, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṃ paṭipadānaṃ katamā paṭipadā khamati appatthatarā ca appasamārambhatarā ca mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṃsatarā cā’’’ti? Tatiyampi kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘seyyathāpi bhavaṃ gotamo bhavaṃ cānando. Ete me pujjā, ete me pāsaṃsā’’ti.
PTS 1.170已对照

那时,世尊这样想:“僧迦罗婆婆罗门被阿难问了如法的问题,直到第三次,[仍]使[问题]窘沉而不解答。我何不来解救[他们]呢?”于是世尊对僧迦罗婆婆罗门这样说——“婆罗门,今天在王的内宫中,王臣们集坐、聚集时,生起了什么谈论呢?”“乔达摩尊师,今天在王的内宫中,王臣们集坐、聚集时,生起了这样的谈论——‘从前比丘较少,而显示属于上人法的神变示导的较多;如今比丘较多,而显示属于上人法的神变示导的较少。’乔达摩尊师,今天在王的内宫中,王臣们集坐、聚集时,生起的就是这一谈论。”

Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘yāva tatiyampi kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo ānandena sahadhammikaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho saṃsādeti [ma. ni. 1.337] no vissajjeti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ parimoceyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā saṅgāravaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kā nvajja, brāhmaṇa, rājantepure rājapurisānaṃ [rājaparisāyaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ antarākathā udapādī’’ti? ‘‘Ayaṃ khvajja, bho gotama, rājantepure rājapurisānaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ antarākathā udapādi – ‘pubbe sudaṃ appatarā ceva bhikkhū ahesuṃ bahutarā ca uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassesuṃ; etarahi pana bahutarā ceva bhikkhū appatarā ca uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassentī’ti. Ayaṃ khvajja, bho gotama, rājantepure rājapurisānaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ antarākathā udapādī’’ti.
已对照

“婆罗门,有这三种示导。哪三种[示导]呢?神变示导、记说示导、教诫示导。婆罗门,什么是神变示导呢?婆罗门,在此,有人体验多种神变——‘一身变成多身,多身合成一身;或显现,或隐没;穿越墙壁、垣墙、山岳,无所障碍,犹如在虚空中;出没于大地之中,犹如在水中;在水上行走而不沉没,犹如在地上;在虚空中结跏趺坐而行,犹如有翼之鸟;甚至以手触摸、抚摸这有如此大神力、如此大威德的日月;以身自在通行,直到梵天界。’婆罗门,这称为神变示导。

[paṭi. ma. 3.30; dī. ni. 1.483] ‘‘Tīṇi kho imāni, brāhmaṇa, pāṭihāriyāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ. Katamañca, brāhmaṇa, iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ‘ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasati [parāmasati (dī. ni. 1.484; paṭi. ma. 1.102] parimajjati, yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti’. Idaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ.
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“婆罗门,什么是记说示导呢?婆罗门,在此,有人依相而记说——‘你的意是这样的,你的意是那样的,你的心也是如此的。’他即使记说很多,也正是那样,不会有别样。

‘‘Katamañca, brāhmaṇa, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco nimittena ādisati – ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’nti. So bahuṃ cepi ādisati tatheva taṃ hoti, no aññathā.
PTS 1.171缅 1.171已对照

“婆罗门,又在此,有人并不依相而记说,而是听闻人、非人或诸天的声音之后而记说——‘你的意是这样的,你的意是那样的,你的心也是如此的。’他即使记说很多,也正是那样,不会有别样。

‘‘Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco na heva kho nimittena ādisati, api ca kho manussānaṃ vā amanussānaṃ vā devatānaṃ vā saddaṃ sutvā ādisati – ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’nti. So bahuṃ cepi ādisati tatheva taṃ hoti, no aññathā.
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“婆罗门,又在此,有人既不依相而记说,也不是听闻人、非人或诸天的声音之后而记说,而是听闻正在寻、正在伺者的寻之扩散声之后而记说——‘你的意是这样的,你的意是那样的,你的心也是如此的。’他即使记说很多,也正是那样,不会有别样。

‘‘Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco na heva kho nimittena ādisati napi manussānaṃ vā amanussānaṃ vā devatānaṃ vā saddaṃ sutvā ādisati, api ca kho vitakkayato vicārayato vitakkavipphārasaddaṃ sutvā ādisati – ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’nti. So bahuṃ cepi ādisati tatheva taṃ hoti, no aññathā.
已对照

“婆罗门,又在此,有人既不依相而记说,也不是听闻人、非人或诸天的声音之后而记说,也不是听闻正在寻、正在伺者的寻之扩散声之后而记说,而是以心遍知已入无寻无伺之定者的心而了知——‘依这位尊者的诸意行如此安立[的样子看],此心之无间[他]将寻思名为某某的寻。’他即使记说很多,也正是那样,不会有别样。婆罗门,这称为记说示导。

‘‘Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco na heva kho nimittena ādisati, napi manussānaṃ vā amanussānaṃ vā devatānaṃ vā saddaṃ sutvā ādisati, napi vitakkayato vicārayato vitakkavipphārasaddaṃ sutvā ādisati, api ca kho avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhiṃ samāpannassa cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti – ‘yathā imassa bhoto manosaṅkhārā paṇihitā imassa cittassa anantarā amuṃ nāma vitakkaṃ vitakkessatī’ti. So bahuṃ cepi ādisati tatheva taṃ hoti, no aññathā. Idaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ.
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“婆罗门,什么是教诫示导呢?婆罗门,在此,有人这样教诫——‘应这样寻思,不要那样寻思;应这样作意,不要那样作意;应舍断这个,应成就并住于这个。’婆罗门,这称为教诫示导。婆罗门,这就是三种示导。婆罗门,这三种示导之中,你认可哪一种示导是更超越、更胜妙的呢?”

‘‘Katamañca, brāhmaṇa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco evamanusāsati – ‘evaṃ vitakketha, mā evaṃ vitakkayittha; evaṃ manasi karotha, mā evaṃ manasākattha; idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ. Imāni kho, brāhmaṇa, tīṇi pāṭihāriyāni. Imesaṃ te, brāhmaṇa, tiṇṇaṃ pāṭihāriyānaṃ katamaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ khamati abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañcā’’ti?
已对照

“乔达摩尊师,此中,这一示导——在此,有人体验多种神变……乃至……以身自在通行,直到梵天界——乔达摩尊师,这一示导,谁作它,唯他感受它;谁作它,它唯属于他。乔达摩尊师,这一示导在我看来好像是与幻术同类的。

‘‘Tatra, bho gotama, yadidaṃ [yamidaṃ (syā. kaṃ. pī.)] pāṭihāriyaṃ idhekacco anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti…pe… yāva brāhmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti, idaṃ, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṃ yova [yo ca (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)] naṃ karoti sova [soca ca (syā. kaṃ pī. ka.)] naṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, yova [yo ca (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)] naṃ karoti tasseva [tassameva (sī. ka.), tassa ceva (syā. kaṃ. pī.)] taṃ hoti. Idaṃ me, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṃ māyāsahadhammarūpaṃ viya khāyati.
PTS 1.172缅 1.172已对照

“乔达摩尊师,还有这一示导——在此,有人依相而记说——‘你的意是这样的,你的意是那样的,你的心也是如此的。’他即使记说很多,也正是那样,不会有别样。乔达摩尊师,又在此,有人并不依相而记说,而是听闻人、非人或诸天的声音之后而记说……乃至……也不是听闻人、非人或诸天的声音之后而记说,而是听闻正在寻、正在伺者的寻之扩散声之后而记说……乃至……也不是听闻正在寻、正在伺者的寻之扩散声之后而记说,而是以心遍知已入无寻无伺之定者的心而了知——‘依这位尊者的诸意行如此安立[的样子看],此心之无间[他]将寻思名为某某的寻。’他即使记说很多,也正是那样,不会有别样。乔达摩尊师,这一示导也是谁作它,唯他感受它;谁作它,它唯属于他。乔达摩尊师,这一示导在我看来也好像是与幻术同类的。

‘‘Yampidaṃ, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṃ idhekacco nimittena ādisati – ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’nti, so bahuṃ cepi ādisati tatheva taṃ hoti, no aññathā. Idha pana, bho gotama, ekacco na heva kho nimittena ādisati, api ca kho manussānaṃ vā amanussānaṃ vā devatānaṃ vā saddaṃ sutvā ādisati…pe… napi manussānaṃ vā amanussānaṃ vā devatānaṃ vā saddaṃ sutvā ādisati, api ca kho vitakkayato vicārayato vitakkavipphārasaddaṃ sutvā ādisati…pe… napi vitakkayato vicārayato vitakkavipphārasaddaṃ sutvā ādisati, api ca kho avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhiṃ samāpannassa cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti – ‘yathā imassa bhoto manosaṅkhārā paṇihitā imassa cittassa anantarā amhaṃ nāma vitakkaṃ vitakkessatī’ti, so bahuṃ cepi ādisati tatheva taṃ hoti, no aññathā. Idampi, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṃ yova naṃ karoti sova naṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, yova naṃ karoti tasseva taṃ hoti. Idampi me, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṃ māyāsahadhammarūpaṃ viya khāyati.
已对照

“乔达摩尊师,而这一示导——在此,有人这样教诫——‘应这样寻思,不要那样寻思;应这样作意,不要那样作意;应舍断这个,应成就并住于这个。’乔达摩尊师,这三种示导之中,我认可唯这一示导是更超越、更胜妙的。

‘‘Yañca kho idaṃ, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṃ idhekacco evaṃ anusāsati – ‘evaṃ vitakketha, mā evaṃ vitakkayittha; evaṃ manasi karotha, mā evaṃ manasākattha; idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā’ti. Idameva, bho gotama, pāṭihāriyaṃ khamati imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ pāṭihāriyānaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
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“稀有啊,乔达摩尊师!未曾有啊,乔达摩尊师!乔达摩尊师所说的这[话]是何等善说!而我们忆持乔达摩尊师为具足这三种示导者。因为乔达摩尊师体验多种神变……乃至……以身自在通行,直到梵天界;因为乔达摩尊师以心遍知已入无寻无伺之定者的心而了知——‘依这位尊者的诸意行如此安立[的样子看],此心之无间[他]将寻思名为某某的寻。’因为乔达摩尊师这样教诫——‘应这样寻思,不要那样寻思;应这样作意,不要那样作意;应舍断这个,应成就并住于这个。’”

‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho gotama, abbhutaṃ, bho gotama! Yāvasubhāsitamidaṃ bhotā gotamena imehi ca mayaṃ tīhi pāṭihāriyehi samannāgataṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dhārema. Bhavañhi gotamo anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti, bhavañhi gotamo avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhiṃ samāpannassa cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti – ‘yathā imassa bhoto manosaṅkhārā paṇihitā imassa cittassa anantarā amuṃ nāma vitakkaṃ vitakkessatī’ti. Bhavañhi gotamo evamanusāsati – ‘evaṃ vitakketha, mā evaṃ vitakkayittha; evaṃ manasi karotha, mā evaṃ manasākattha; idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā’’’ti.
缅 1.173已对照

“婆罗门,你这话确实是触[我之德]而引近[我]才说出的;不过我还是要为你解答。婆罗门,我确实体验多种神变……乃至……以身自在通行,直到梵天界。婆罗门,我确实以心遍知已入无寻无伺之定者的心而了知——‘依这位尊者的诸意行如此安立[的样子看],此心之无间[他]将寻思名为某某的寻。’婆罗门,我确实这样教诫——‘应这样寻思,不要那样寻思;应这样作意,不要那样作意;应舍断这个,应成就并住于这个。’”

‘‘Addhā kho tyāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, āsajja upanīya vācā bhāsitā; api ca tyāhaṃ byākarissāmi. Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhomi…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattemi. Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhiṃ samāpannassa cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi – ‘yathā imassa bhoto manosaṅkhārā paṇihitā, imassa cittassa anantarā amuṃ nāma vitakkaṃ vitakkessatī’ti. Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, evamanusāsāmi – ‘evaṃ vitakketha, mā evaṃ vitakkayittha; evaṃ manasi karotha, mā evaṃ manasākattha; idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā’’’ti.
PTS 1.173已对照

“乔达摩尊师,除了乔达摩尊师之外,还有哪怕另外一位比丘具足这三种示导吗?”“婆罗门,具足这三种示导的比丘,不只一百,不只两百,不只三百,不只四百,不只五百,而是更多。”“乔达摩尊师,那么现在那些比丘住在哪里呢?”“婆罗门,就在这比丘僧团中。”

‘‘Atthi pana, bho gotama, añño ekabhikkhupi yo imehi tīhi pāṭihāriyehi samannāgato, aññatra bhotā gotamenā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, brāhmaṇa, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova, ye [te (ka.) passa ma. ni. 2.195] bhikkhū imehi tīhi pāṭihāriyehi samannāgatā’’ti. ‘‘Kahaṃ pana, bho gotama, etarahi te bhikkhū viharantī’’ti? ‘‘Imasmiṃyeva kho, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhusaṅghe’’ti.
已对照

“奇哉!乔达摩尊师,奇哉!乔达摩尊师。乔达摩尊师,犹如把倒覆的扶起,把遮蔽的揭开,为迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持来油灯,使有眼者得见诸色。正是如此,乔达摩尊师以种种方式开显了法。我皈依乔达摩尊师、法与比丘僧团。愿乔达摩尊师忆持我为优婆塞,从今日起,终生皈依。”第十[经]。

‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! Seyyathāpi bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti, evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Dasamaṃ.
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婆罗门品第一。

Brāhmaṇavaggo paṭhamo.
已对照

其摄颂——

二婆罗门与某[婆罗门],游方者与寂灭;

坏灭、婆蹉、帝甘那,生闻与僧迦罗婆。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Dve brāhmaṇā caññataro, paribbājakena nibbutaṃ;
Palokavaccho tikaṇṇo, soṇi saṅgāravena cāti.