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人施设论·三法人施设 Tikapuggalapaññatti

本经目录三法的解说。

91已对照

三、三法人施设

九十一、哪种人是无渴望者呢?此处有一种人,是破戒者、有恶法者、不净、行为可疑、行事隐秘、非沙门而自称沙门、非梵行者而自称梵行者、内部腐败、漏泄、成为污秽者。他听到:“据说名叫某某的比丘由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住。”他不会这样想:“什么时候我也将由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住呢?”这种人称为“无渴望者”。

91Katamo ca puggalo nirāso? Idhekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo asuci saṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto. So suṇāti – ‘‘itthannāmo kira bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Tassa na evaṃ hoti – ‘‘kudāssu nāmāhampi āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘nirāso’’.
92已对照

九十二、哪种人是怀渴望者呢?此处有一种人,是持戒者、有善法者。他听到:“据说名叫某某的比丘由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住。”他会这样想:“什么时候我也将由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住呢?”这种人称为“怀渴望者”。

92Katamo ca puggalo āsaṃso? Idhekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo. So suṇāti – ‘‘itthannāmo kira bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘‘kudāssu nāmāhampi āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘āsaṃso’’.
93已对照

九十三、哪种人是离渴望者呢?此处有一种人,由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住。他听到:“据说名叫某某的比丘由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住。”他不会这样想:“什么时候我也将由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住呢?”这是什么缘故呢?因为他先前未解脱时的那解脱的渴望,已经止息了。这种人称为“离渴望者”。

93Katamo ca puggalo vigatāso? Idhekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. So suṇāti – ‘‘itthannāmo kira bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Tassa na evaṃ hoti – ‘‘kudāssu nāmāhampi āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yā hissa pubbe avimuttassa vimuttāsā, sā paṭippassaddhā. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘vigatāso’’.
94已对照

九十四、此中哪三种人是如病人的人呢?有三种病人:此处有一种病人,无论得到适宜的食物还是得不到适宜的食物,无论得到适宜的药还是得不到适宜的药,无论得到合适的看护者还是得不到合适的看护者,都不能从那病恼中康复。(一)

又此处有一种病人,无论得到适宜的食物还是得不到适宜的食物,无论得到适宜的药还是得不到适宜的药,无论得到合适的看护者还是得不到合适的看护者,都能从那病恼中康复。(二)

又此处有一种病人,唯有得到适宜的食物而非得不到,唯有得到适宜的药而非得不到,唯有得到合适的看护者而非得不到,才能从那病恼中康复。(三)

此中,那位唯有得到适宜的食物而非得不到、唯有得到适宜的药而非得不到、唯有得到合适的看护者而非得不到,才能从那病恼中康复的病人——正是缘于这位病人,病者食才被世尊允许,病者药才被允许,看护病人者才被允许。而缘于这位病人,其他病人也应被看护。

同样,世间有这三种如病人的人存在、可得。哪三种[人]呢?此处有一种人,无论得见如来还是不得见如来,无论得闻如来所宣说的法与律还是不得闻如来所宣说的法与律,都不能于诸善法中入于正性决定。(一)

又此处有一种人,无论得见如来还是不得见如来,无论得闻如来所宣说的法与律还是不得闻如来所宣说的法与律,都能于诸善法中入于正性决定。(二)

又此处有一种人,唯有得见如来而非不得见,唯有得闻如来所宣说的法与律而非不得闻,才能于诸善法中入于正性决定。(三)

此中,那位唯有得见如来而非不得见、唯有得闻如来所宣说的法与律而非不得闻,才能于诸善法中入于正性决定的人——正是缘于这种人,说法才被世尊允许。而缘于这种人,也应当为其他人说法。这就是世间存在、可得的三种如病人的人。

94Tattha katame tayo gilānūpamā puggalā? Tayo gilānā – idhekacco gilāno labhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni, labhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni, labhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ alabhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ, neva vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā. (1) Idha panekacco gilāno labhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni, labhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni, labhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ alabhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ, vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā. (2) Idha panekacco gilāno labhanto sappāyāni bhojanāni no alabhanto, labhanto sappāyāni bhesajjāni no alabhanto, labhanto patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ no alabhanto, vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā. (3) Tatra yvāyaṃ gilāno labhanto sappāyāni bhojanāni no alabhanto, labhanto sappāyāni bhesajjāni no alabhanto, labhanto patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ no alabhanto, vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā, imaṃ gilānaṃ paṭicca bhagavatā gilānabhattaṃ anuññātaṃ gilānabhesajjaṃ anuññātaṃ gilānupaṭṭhāko anuññāto. Imañca pana gilānaṃ paṭicca aññepi gilānā upaṭṭhātabbā. Evamevaṃ [evameva (sī.)] tayo gilānūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Idhekacco puggalo labhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya alabhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya, labhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya alabhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya, neva okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. (1) Idha panekacco puggalo labhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya alabhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya, labhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya alabhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya, okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. (2) Idha panekacco puggalo labhanto tathāgataṃ dassanāya no alabhanto, labhanto tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya no alabhanto, okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. (3) Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo labhanto tathāgataṃ dassanāya no alabhanto, labhanto tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya no alabhanto, okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ, imaṃ puggalaṃ paṭicca bhagavatā dhammadesanā anuññātā, imañca puggalaṃ paṭicca aññesampi dhammo desetabbo. Ime tayo gilānūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
95已对照

九十五、哪种人是身证者呢?此处有一种人,以身触八解脱而住,并以慧见某些漏灭尽——这种人称为“身证者”。

95Katamo ca puggalo kāyasakkhī? Idhekacco puggalo aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati, paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kāyasakkhī’’.
96已对照

九十六、哪种人是见至者呢?此处有一种人,如实了知“此是苦”,如实了知“此是苦集”,如实了知“此是苦灭”,如实了知“此是导至苦灭之道”,且如来所宣说的诸法已被他以慧善见、善察,并以慧见某些漏灭尽——这种人称为“见至者”。

96Katamo ca puggalo diṭṭhippatto? Idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, tathāgatappaveditā cassa dhammā paññāya vodiṭṭhā honti vocaritā, paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘diṭṭhippatto’’.
97已对照

九十七、哪种人是信解脱者呢?此处有一种人,如实了知“此是苦”……乃至……且如来所宣说的诸法已被他以慧善见、善察,并以慧见某些漏灭尽,然而不如见至者那样——这种人称为“信解脱者”。

97Katamo ca puggalo saddhāvimutto? Idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… tathāgatappaveditā cassa dhammā paññāya vodiṭṭhā honti vocaritā, paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti, no ca kho yathādiṭṭhippattassa – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘saddhāvimutto’’.
98已对照

九十八、哪种人是粪语者呢?此处有一种人,是虚妄语者:在会堂中、或在众中、或在亲族中间、或在行会中间、或在王家中间,被带去而被问为证——“喂,人啊,你知道什么就说什么”,他不知却说“我知”,知却说“我不知”,不见却说“我见”,见却说“我不见”。如是,或为自己、或为他人、或为些许财利之故,他明知而说妄语——这种人称为“粪语者”。

98Katamo ca puggalo gūthabhāṇī? Idhekacco puggalo musāvādī hoti sabhaggato vā parisaggato vā ñātimajjhagato vā pūgamajjhagato vā rājakulamajjhagato vā abhinīto sakkhipuṭṭho – ‘‘ehambho [ehi bho (syā. ka.) ma. ni. 1.440; a. ni. 3.28], purisa, yaṃ jānāsi taṃ vadehī’’ti, so ajānaṃ vā āha – ‘‘jānāmī’’ti, jānaṃ vā āha – ‘‘na jānāmī’’ti, apassaṃ vā āha – ‘‘passāmī’’ti, passaṃ vā āha – ‘‘na passāmī’’ti. Iti attahetu vā parahetu vā āmisakiñcikkhahetu vā sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘gūthabhāṇī’’.
99已对照

九十九、哪种人是花语者呢?此处有一种人,舍断虚妄语,远离虚妄语:在会堂中、或在众中、或在亲族中间、或在行会中间、或在王家中间,被带去而被问为证——“喂,人啊,你知道什么就说什么”,他不知便说“我不知”,知便说“我知”,不见便说“我不见”,见便说“我见”。如是,他不为自己、不为他人、不为些许财利之故而明知说妄语——这种人称为“花语者”。

99Katamo ca puggalo pupphabhāṇī? Idhekacco puggalo musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti sabhaggato vā parisaggato vā ñātimajjhagato vā pūgamajjhagato vā rājakulamajjhagato vā abhinīto sakkhipuṭṭho – ‘‘ehambho, purisa, yaṃ jānāsi taṃ vadehī’’ti, so ajānaṃ vā āha – ‘‘na jānāmī’’ti, jānaṃ vā āha – ‘‘jānāmī’’ti, apassaṃ vā āha – ‘‘na passāmī’’ti, passaṃ vā āha – ‘‘passāmī’’ti. Iti attahetu vā parahetu vā āmisakiñcikkhahetu vā na sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘pupphabhāṇī’’.
100已对照

一百、哪种人是蜜语者呢?此处有一种人,凡是无瑕、悦耳、可爱、沁入人心、文雅、为众人所喜、为众人所意的语言,他便是说这样语言者——这种人称为“蜜语者”。

100Katamo ca puggalo madhubhāṇī? Idhekacco puggalo yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemaniyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā, tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘madhubhāṇī’’.
101已对照

一百零一、哪种人是如疮之心的人呢?此处有一种人,是忿怒者、多恼者,即使被说了少许,也会黏着、动怒、起瞋恚、僵执,显露出怒、瞋与不悦。犹如恶疮被木棒或瓦片碰触,便更加流溢[脓汁];同样,此处有一种人,是忿怒者、多恼者,即使被说了少许,也会黏着、动怒、起瞋恚、僵执,显露出怒、瞋与不悦——这种人称为“如疮之心的人”。

101Katamo ca puggalo arukūpamacitto? Idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati [patiṭṭhīyati (syā. ka.) a. ni. 3.25], kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi nāma duṭṭhāruko kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya [kathalāya (ka.), kathalena (aṭṭhakathā) a. ni. 3.25] vā ghaṭṭito bhiyyoso mattāya āsavaṃ deti [assavanoti (sī.)], evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘arukūpamacitto’’.
102已对照

一百零二、哪种人是如电之心的人呢?此处有一种人,如实了知“此是苦”,如实了知“此是苦集”,如实了知“此是苦灭”,如实了知“此是导至苦灭之道”。犹如有眼之人在夜晚令人目盲的黑暗中,于电光的刹那间看见诸色;同样,此处有一种人,如实了知“此是苦”,如实了知“此是苦集”,如实了知“此是苦灭”,如实了知“此是导至苦灭之道”——这种人称为“如电之心的人”。

102Katamo ca puggalo vijjūpamacitto? Idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Seyyathāpi nāma cakkhumā puriso rattandhakāratimisāya vijjantarikāya rūpāni passeyya, evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘vijjūpamacitto’’.
103已对照

一百零三、哪种人是如金刚之心的人呢?此处有一种人,由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住。犹如对金刚而言,没有任何东西是不可破的,无论是摩尼还是石头;同样,此处有一种人,由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住——这种人称为“如金刚之心的人”。

103Katamo ca puggalo vajirūpamacitto? Idhekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Seyyathāpi nāma vajirassa natthi kiñci abhejjaṃ maṇi vā pāsāṇo vā, evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘vajirūpamacitto’’.
104已对照

一百零四、哪种人是盲者呢?此处有一种人,没有这样的眼——凭借这样的眼,能获得未获得的财物,或使已获得的财物增长;他也没有这样的眼——凭借这样的眼,能知道善与不善法,能知道有罪与无罪法,能知道劣与胜法,能知道黑白相对法——这种人称为“盲者”。

104Katamo ca puggalo andho? Idhekaccassa puggalassa tathārūpaṃ cakkhu na hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigaccheyya, adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kareyya; tathārūpampissa cakkhu na hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya, sāvajjānavajje dhamme jāneyya, hīnappaṇīte dhamme jāneyya, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme jāneyya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘andho’’.
105已对照

一百零五、哪种人是一眼者呢?此处有一种人,有这样的眼——凭借这样的眼,能获得未获得的财物,或使已获得的财物增长;但他没有这样的眼——凭借这样的眼,能知道善与不善法,能知道有罪与无罪法,能知道劣与胜法,能知道黑白相对法——这种人称为“一眼者”。

105Katamo ca puggalo ekacakkhu? Idhekaccassa puggalassa tathārūpaṃ cakkhu hoti, yathārūpena cakkhunā anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigaccheyya, adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kareyya; tathārūpampissa cakkhu na hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya, sāvajjānavajje dhamme jāneyya, hīnappaṇīte dhamme jāneyya, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme jāneyya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘ekacakkhu’’.
106已对照

一百零六、哪种人是二眼者呢?此处有一种人,有这样的眼——凭借这样的眼,能获得未获得的财物,或使已获得的财物增长;他也有这样的眼——凭借这样的眼,能知道善与不善法,能知道有罪与无罪法,能知道劣与胜法,能知道黑白相对法——这种人称为“二眼者”。

106Katamo ca puggalo dvicakkhu? Idhekaccassa puggalassa tathārūpaṃ cakkhu hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigaccheyya, adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kareyya; tathārūpampissa cakkhu hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya, sāvajjānavajje dhamme jāneyya, hīnappaṇīte dhamme jāneyya, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme jāneyya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘dvicakkhu’’.
107已对照

一百零七、哪种人是覆慧者呢?此处有一种人,常往园中,为在比丘们跟前听法。比丘们为他教导初善、中善、后善的,具足义理与文句的法,显示完全圆满、遍净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法既不作意其初,也不作意其中,也不作意其终;从那座位起身之后,对那说法也既不作意其初,也不作意其中,也不作意其终。犹如倒覆的瓶,注入其中的水流散而不停留;同样,此处有一种人,常往园中,为在比丘们跟前听法。比丘们为他教导初善、中善、后善的,具足义理与文句的法,显示完全圆满、遍净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法既不作意其初,也不作意其中,也不作意其终;从那座位起身之后,对那说法也既不作意其初,也不作意其中,也不作意其终——这种人称为“覆慧者”。

107Katamo ca puggalo avakujjapañño? Idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā [gato (sī.), gantvā (syā.)] hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya [dhammassavanāya (syā.)]. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Seyyathāpi nāma kumbho nikkujjo [nikujjo (syā.) a. ni. 3.30] tatra udakaṃ āsittaṃ vivaṭṭati, no saṇṭhāti; evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘avakujjapañño’’.
108已对照

一百零八、哪种人是膝慧者呢?此处有一种人,常往园中,为在比丘们跟前听法。比丘们为他教导初善、中善、后善的,具足义理与文句的法,显示完全圆满、遍净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法既作意其初,也作意其中,也作意其终;然而从那座位起身之后,对那说法却既不作意其初,也不作意其中,也不作意其终。犹如人的膝上撒放着种种嚼食——芝麻、米、甜团、枣子。他从那座位起身时,由于失念而撒落[它们]。同样,此处有一种人,常往园中,为在比丘们跟前听法。比丘们为他教导初善、中善、后善的,具足义理与文句的法,显示完全圆满、遍净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法既作意其初,也作意其中,也作意其终;然而从那座位起身之后,对那说法却既不作意其初,也不作意其中,也不作意其终——这种人称为“膝慧者”。

108Katamo ca puggalo ucchaṅgapañño? Idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhito ca kho tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Seyyathāpi nāma purisassa ucchaṅge nānākhajjakāni ākiṇṇāni – tilā taṇḍulā [tilataṇḍulā (ka.) a. ni. 3.30] modakā badarā. So tamhā āsanā vuṭṭhahanto satisammosā pakireyya. Evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhito ca kho tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya neva ādimpi manasi karoti, na majjhampi manasi karoti, na pariyosānampi manasi karoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘ucchaṅgapañño’’.
109已对照

一百零九、哪种人是广慧者呢?此处有一种人,常往园中,为在比丘们跟前听法。比丘们为他教导初善、中善、后善的,具足义理与文句的法,显示完全圆满、遍净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法既作意其初,也作意其中,也作意其终;从那座位起身之后,对那说法也既作意其初,也作意其中,也作意其终。犹如正放的瓶,注入其中的水停留而不流散;同样,此处有一种人,常往园中,为在比丘们跟前听法。比丘们为他教导初善、中善、后善的,具足义理与文句的法,显示完全圆满、遍净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法既作意其初,也作意其中,也作意其终;从那座位起身之后,对那说法也既作意其初,也作意其中,也作意其终——这种人称为“广慧者”。

109Katamo ca puggalo puthupañño? Idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Seyyathāpi nāma kumbho ukkujjo tatra udakaṃ āsittaṃ saṇṭhāti, no vivaṭṭati; evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā honti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘puthupañño’’.
110已对照

一百一十、哪种人是于诸欲与诸有都未离贪者呢?须陀洹、斯陀含——这些人称为“于诸欲与诸有都未离贪者”。

110Katamo ca puggalo kāmesu ca bhavesu ca avītarāgo? Sotāpannasakadāgāmino – ime vuccanti puggalā ‘‘kāmesu ca bhavesu ca avītarāgā’’.
111已对照

一百一十一、哪种人是于诸欲已离贪、于诸有未离贪者呢?阿那含——这种人称为“于诸欲已离贪、于诸有未离贪者”。

111Katamo ca puggalo kāmesu vītarāgo, bhavesu avītarāgo? Anāgāmī – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kāmesu vītarāgo, bhavesu avītarāgo’’.
112已对照

一百一十二、哪种人是于诸欲与诸有都已离贪者呢?阿罗汉——这种人称为“于诸欲与诸有都已离贪者”。

112Katamo ca puggalo kāmesu ca bhavesu ca vītarāgo? Arahā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kāmesu ca bhavesu ca vītarāgo’’.
113已对照

一百一十三、哪种人是如石上刻文的人呢?此处有一种人,经常发怒,而他的那忿长时、长久潜伏。犹如石上的刻文,不会很快被风或水所毁坏,是久住的;同样,此处有一种人,经常发怒,而他的那忿长时、长久潜伏——这种人称为“如石上刻文的人”。

113Katamo ca puggalo pāsāṇalekhūpamo? Idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Seyyathāpi nāma pāsāṇe lekhā na khippaṃ lujjati vātena vā udakena vā, ciraṭṭhitikā hoti; evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘pāsāṇalekhūpamo’’.
114已对照

一百一十四、哪种人是如地上刻文的人呢?此处有一种人,经常发怒,而他的那忿不长时、长久潜伏。犹如地上的刻文,很快就被风或水所毁坏,不是久住的;同样,此处有一种人,经常发怒,而他的那忿不长时、长久潜伏——这种人称为“如地上刻文的人”。

114Katamo ca puggalo pathavilekhūpamo? Idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho na ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Seyyathāpi nāma pathaviyā [paṭhaviyā (sī. syā.)] lekhā khippaṃ lujjati vātena vā udakena vā, na ciraṭṭhitikā hoti; evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho na ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘pathavilekhūpamo’’.
115已对照

一百一十五、哪种人是如水上刻文的人呢?此处有一种人,即使被以激烈[之语]相说、被以粗恶[之语]相说、被以不合意[之语]相说,也仍然相融、仍然相合、仍然和睦。犹如水上的刻文,很快就被毁坏,不是久住的;同样,此处有一种人,即使被以激烈[之语]相说、被以粗恶[之语]相说、被以不合意[之语]相说,也仍然相融、仍然相合、仍然和睦——这种人称为“如水上刻文的人”。

115Katamo ca puggalo udakalekhūpamo? Idhekacco puggalo āgāḷhenapi vuccamāno pharusenapi vuccamāno amanāpenapi vuccamāno saṃsandatimeva [… ceva (syā.) a. ni. 3.133] sandhiyatimeva [… ceva (syā.) a. ni. 3.133] sammodatimeva [… ceva (syā.) a. ni. 3.133]. Seyyathāpi nāma udake lekhā khippaṃ lujjati, na ciraṭṭhitikā hoti; evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo āgāḷhenapi vuccamāno pharusenapi vuccamāno amanāpenapi vuccamāno saṃsandatimeva sandhiyatimeva sammodatimeva – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘udakalekhūpamo’’.
116已对照

一百一十六、此中哪三种人是如麻布的人呢?有三种麻布:麻布即使是新的,也是色泽丑陋的、触感苦的、价值低廉的;麻布即使是中等[旧]的,也是色泽丑陋的、触感苦的、价值低廉的;麻布即使是旧的,也是色泽丑陋的、触感苦的、价值低廉的。旧麻布,人们或拿来作擦锅[布],或把它丢弃在垃圾堆上。同样,比丘之中有这三种如麻布的人存在、可得。哪三种[人]呢?若是新[学]比丘破戒、有恶法,这是他的色泽丑陋。犹如那麻布色泽丑陋,这个人与它相似。而那些亲近、结交、侍奉他、随他所见而效行的,那为他们长夜带来不利与苦。这是他的触感苦。犹如那麻布触感苦,这个人与它相似。而他从那些人接受衣、钵食、坐卧处、病缘药资具,那对他们没有大果、没有大功德。这是他的价值低廉。犹如那麻布价值低廉,这个人与它相似。

若是中[座]比丘……乃至……若是长老比丘破戒、有恶法,这是他的色泽丑陋。犹如那麻布色泽丑陋,这个人与它相似。而那些亲近、结交、侍奉他、随他所见而效行的,那为他们长夜带来不利与苦。这是他的触感苦。犹如那麻布触感苦,这个人与它相似。而他从那些人接受衣、钵食、坐卧处、病缘药资具,那对他们没有大果、没有大功德。这是他的价值低廉。犹如那麻布价值低廉,这个人与它相似。

若这样的长老比丘在僧团中说话,比丘们对他这样说:“你这愚人、不明达者说话有什么用?你竟也认为[自己]应当说话!”他恼怒、不悦,说出那样的话,僧团因那样的话而举罪他,犹如[把]那麻布[丢弃]在垃圾堆上。这就是比丘之中存在、可得的三种如麻布的人。

116Tattha katame tayo potthakūpamā puggalā? Tayo potthakā – navopi potthako dubbaṇṇo ceva hoti dukkhasamphasso ca appaggho ca, majjhimopi potthako dubbaṇṇo ceva hoti dukkhasamphasso ca appaggho ca, jiṇṇopi potthako dubbaṇṇo ceva hoti dukkhasamphasso ca appaggho ca. Jiṇṇampi potthakaṃ ukkhaliparimajjanaṃ vā karonti saṅkārakūṭe vā naṃ chaḍḍenti. Evamevaṃ tayome potthakūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsu. Katame tayo? Navo cepi bhikkhu hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo, idamassa dubbaṇṇatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako dubbaṇṇo, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ye kho panassa sevanti bhajanti payirupāsanti diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Idamassa dukkhasamphassatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako dukkhasamphasso, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Yesaṃ kho pana so paṭiggaṇhāti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ, tesaṃ taṃ na mahapphalaṃ hoti na mahānisaṃsaṃ. Idamassa appagghatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako appaggho, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Majjhimo cepi bhikkhu hoti…pe… thero cepi bhikkhu hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo, idamassa dubbaṇṇatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako dubbaṇṇo, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ye kho panassa sevanti bhajanti payirupāsanti diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Idamassa dukkhasamphassatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako dukkhasamphasso, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Yesaṃ kho pana so paṭiggaṇhāti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ, tesaṃ taṃ na mahapphalaṃ hoti na mahānisaṃsaṃ. Idamassa appagghatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako appaggho, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Evarūpo ce thero bhikkhu saṅghamajjhe bhaṇati. Tamenaṃ bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho tuyhaṃ bālassa abyattassa bhaṇitena, tvampi nāma bhaṇitabbaṃ maññasī’’ti! So kupito anattamano tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ nicchāreti yathārūpāya vācāya saṅgho taṃ ukkhipati, saṅkārakūṭeva naṃ potthakaṃ. Ime tayo potthakūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsu.
117已对照

一百一十七、此中哪三种人是如迦尸布的人呢?有三种迦尸布:迦尸布即使是新的,也是色泽美好的、触感乐的、价值高昂的;迦尸布即使是中等[旧]的,也是色泽美好的、触感乐的、价值高昂的;迦尸布即使是旧的,也是色泽美好的、触感乐的、价值高昂的。旧迦尸布,人们或用来包裹宝物,或把它放入香匣中。

同样,比丘之中有这三种如迦尸布的人存在、可得。哪三种[人]呢?若是新[学]比丘具戒、有善法,这是他的色泽美好。犹如那迦尸布色泽美好,这个人与它相似。而那些亲近、结交、侍奉他、随他所见而效行的,那为他们长夜带来利益与安乐。这是他的触感乐。犹如那迦尸布触感乐,这个人与它相似。而他从那些人接受衣、钵食、坐卧处、病缘药资具,那对他们有大果、大功德。这是他的价值高昂。犹如那迦尸布价值高昂,这个人与它相似。

若是中[座]比丘……乃至……若是长老比丘具戒、有善法,这是他的色泽美好。犹如那迦尸布色泽美好,这个人与它相似。而那些亲近、结交、侍奉他、随他所见而效行的,那为他们长夜带来利益与安乐。这是他的触感乐。犹如那迦尸布触感乐,这个人与它相似。而他从那些人接受衣、钵食、坐卧处、病缘药资具,那对他们有大果、大功德。这是他的价值高昂。犹如那迦尸布价值高昂,这个人与它相似。

若这样的长老比丘在僧团中说话,比丘们对他这样说:“具寿们,请寂静,长老比丘在说法与律。”他的那话达到值得放置,犹如那迦尸布[被放]在香匣中。这就是比丘之中存在、可得的三种如迦尸布的人。

117Tattha katame tayo kāsikavatthūpamā puggalā? Tīṇi kāsikavatthāni – navampi kāsikavatthaṃ vaṇṇavantañceva hoti sukhasamphassañca mahagghañca, majjhimampi kāsikavatthaṃ vaṇṇavantañceva hoti sukhasamphassañca mahagghañca, jiṇṇampi kāsikavatthaṃ vaṇṇavantañceva hoti sukhasamphassañca mahagghañca. Jiṇṇampi kāsikavatthaṃ ratanapaliveṭhanaṃ vā karonti gandhakaraṇḍake vā naṃ nikkhipanti. Evamevaṃ tayome kāsikavatthūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsu. Katame tayo? Navo cepi bhikkhu hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, idamassa suvaṇṇatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ vaṇṇavantaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ye kho panassa sevanti bhajanti payirupāsanti diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Idamassa sukhasamphassatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ sukhasamphassaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Yesaṃ kho pana so [yesaṃ kho pana (sabbattha) a. ni. 3.100] paṭiggaṇhāti [patigaṇhāti (sī.) rūpasiddhiṭīkāya pana sameti] cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ, tesaṃ taṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahānisaṃsaṃ. Idamassa mahagghatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ mahagghaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Majjhimo cepi bhikkhu…pe… thero cepi bhikkhu hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, idamassa suvaṇṇatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ vaṇṇavantaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ye kho panassa sevanti bhajanti payirupāsanti diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Idamassa sukhasamphassatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ sukhasamphassaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Yesaṃ kho pana so paṭiggaṇhāti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ, tesaṃ taṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahānisaṃsaṃ. Idamassa mahagghatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ mahagghaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Evarūpo ce thero bhikkhu saṅghamajjhe bhaṇati, tamenaṃ bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘appasaddā āyasmanto hotha, thero bhikkhu dhammañca vinayañca bhaṇatī’’ti. Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ ādheyyaṃ gacchati, gandhakaraṇḍakeva naṃ kāsikavatthaṃ. Ime tayo kāsikavatthūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsu.
118已对照

一百一十八、哪种人是易量者呢?此处有一种人,掉举、贡高、轻躁、粗口、语散乱、失念、无正知、心不得定、心散乱、诸根如俗——这种人称为“易量者”。

118Katamo ca puggalo suppameyyo? Idhekacco puggalo uddhato hoti unnaḷo capalo mukharo vikiṇṇavāco muṭṭhassati asampajāno asamāhito vibbhantacitto pākaṭindriyo – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘suppameyyo’’.
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一百一十九、哪种人是难量者呢?此处有一种人,不掉举、不贡高、不轻躁、不粗口、语不散乱、念已现起、正知、心得定、心一境、诸根防护——这种人称为“难量者”。

119Katamo ca puggalo duppameyyo? Idhekacco puggalo anuddhato hoti anunnaḷo acapalo amukharo avikiṇṇavāco upaṭṭhitassati sampajāno samāhito ekaggacitto saṃvutindriyo – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘duppameyyo’’.
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一百二十、哪种人是不可量者呢?此处有一种人,由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住——这种人称为“不可量者”。

120Katamo ca puggalo appameyyo? Idhekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘appameyyo’’.
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一百二十一、哪种人是不应亲近、不应结交、不应侍奉的呢?此处有一种人,在戒、定、慧上是低劣的。这样的人是不应亲近、不应结交、不应侍奉的,除非出于护念,除非出于悲悯。

121Katamo ca puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo hīno hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo, aññatra anuddayā aññatra anukampā.
122已对照

一百二十二、哪种人是应亲近、应结交、应侍奉的呢?此处有一种人,在戒、定、慧上是相等的。这样的人是应亲近、应结交、应侍奉的。这是什么缘故呢?“当[我们]在戒上同等时,我们之间将会有戒论,那对我们将会安乐,那[论]在我们之间将会得以流转;当[我们]在定上同等时,我们之间将会有定论,那对我们将会安乐,那[论]在我们之间将会得以流转;当[我们]在慧上同等时,我们之间将会有慧论,那对我们将会安乐,那[论]在我们之间将会得以流转。”因此,这样的人是应亲近、应结交、应侍奉的。

122Katamo ca puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo sadiso hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘‘Sīlasāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ sīlakathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī bhavissati; samādhisāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ samādhikathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī [pavattanī (sī.) a. ni. 3.26] bhavissati; paññāsāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ paññākathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī bhavissatī’’ti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo.
123已对照

一百二十三、哪种人是应恭敬、尊重之后亲近、结交、侍奉的呢?此处有一种人,在戒、定、慧上是较胜的。这样的人是应恭敬、尊重之后亲近、结交、侍奉的。这是什么缘故呢?“我将使未圆满的戒蕴圆满,或将以慧于各处护持已圆满的戒蕴;我将使未圆满的定蕴圆满,或将以慧于各处护持已圆满的定蕴;我将使未圆满的慧蕴圆满,或将以慧于各处护持已圆满的慧蕴。”因此,这样的人是应恭敬、尊重之后亲近、结交、侍奉的。

123Katamo ca puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo adhiko hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘‘Aparipūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmi; aparipūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmi; aparipūraṃ vā paññākkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā paññākkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmī’’ti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo.
124已对照

一百二十四、哪种人是应厌恶、不应亲近、不应结交、不应侍奉的呢?此处有一种人,是破戒者、有恶法者、不净、行为可疑、行事隐秘、非沙门而自称沙门、非梵行者而自称梵行者、内部腐败、漏泄、成为污秽者。这样的人是应厌恶、不应亲近、不应结交、不应侍奉的。这是什么缘故呢?[亲近者]虽然不随这样的人所见而效行,然而关于他的恶名声却会传扬:“[这]人是有恶友的、有恶伴的、有恶随从的。”犹如进入粪中的蛇,虽然不咬,却会沾污他;同样,[亲近者]虽然不随这样的人所见而效行,然而关于他的恶名声却会传扬:“[这]人是有恶友的、有恶伴的、有恶随从的。”因此,这样的人是应厌恶、不应亲近、不应结交、不应侍奉的。

124Katamo ca puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo asuci saṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto. Evarūpo puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kiñcāpi evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati – ‘‘pāpamitto purisapuggalo pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko’’ti. Seyyathāpi nāma ahi gūthagato kiñcāpi na ḍaṃsati, atha kho naṃ makkheti; evamevaṃ kiñcāpi evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati – ‘‘pāpamitto purisapuggalo pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko’’ti! Tasmā evarūpo puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo.
125已对照

一百二十五、哪种人是应旁观、不应亲近、不应结交、不应侍奉的呢?此处有一种人,是忿怒者、多恼者,即使被说了少许,也会黏着、动怒、起瞋恚、僵执,显露出怒、瞋与不悦。犹如恶疮被木棒或瓦片碰触,便更加流溢[脓汁];同样,此处有一种人,是忿怒者、多恼者,即使被说了少许,也会黏着、动怒、起瞋恚、僵执,显露出怒、瞋与不悦。犹如镇头迦(tinduka)木的火把被木棒或瓦片碰触,便更加发出“吱吱”“噼啪”之声;同样,此处有一种人,是忿怒者、多恼者,即使被说了少许,也会黏着、动怒、起瞋恚、僵执,显露出怒、瞋与不悦。犹如粪坑被木棒或瓦片碰触,便更加发出恶臭;同样,此处有一种人,是忿怒者、多恼者,即使被说了少许,也会黏着、动怒、起瞋恚、僵执,显露出怒、瞋与不悦;这样的人是应旁观、不应亲近、不应结交、不应侍奉的。这是什么缘故呢?“他可能会辱骂我、诽谤我、对我作无益之事。”因此,这样的人是应旁观、不应亲近、不应结交、不应侍奉的。

125Katamo ca puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi nāma duṭṭhāruko kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭito bhiyyoso mattāya āsavaṃ deti, evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi nāma tindukālātaṃ kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭitaṃ bhiyyoso mattāya cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati, evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi nāma gūthakūpo kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭito bhiyyoso mattāya duggandho hoti, evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti; evarūpo puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘‘Akkoseyyapi maṃ paribhāseyyapi maṃ anatthampi me kareyyā’’ti! Tasmā evarūpo puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo.
126已对照

一百二十六、哪种人是应亲近、应结交、应侍奉的呢?此处有一种人,是持戒者、有善法者——这样的人是应亲近、应结交、应侍奉的。这是什么缘故呢?[亲近者]虽然不随这样的人所见而效行,然而关于他的善名声却会传扬:“[这]人是有善友的、有善伴的、有善随从的。”因此,这样的人是应亲近、应结交、应侍奉的。

126Katamo ca puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo – evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kiñcāpi evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati – ‘‘kalyāṇamitto purisapuggalo kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko’’ti! Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo.
127已对照

一百二十七、哪种人于诸戒是作圆满者,于定是有分量地作者,于慧是有分量地作者呢?须陀洹、斯陀含——这些人称为“于诸戒是作圆满者”,于定是有分量地作者,于慧是有分量地作者。

127Katamo ca puggalo sīlesu paripūrakārī, samādhismiṃ mattaso kārī, paññāya mattaso kārī? Sotāpannasakadāgāmino – ime vuccanti puggalā sīlesu paripūrakārino, samādhismiṃ mattaso kārino, paññāya mattaso kārino.
128已对照

一百二十八、哪种人于诸戒是作圆满者,于定是作圆满者,于慧是有分量地作者呢?阿那含——这种人称为“于诸戒是作圆满者”,于定是作圆满者,于慧是有分量地作者。

128Katamo ca puggalo sīlesu ca paripūrakārī, samādhismiñca paripūrakārī, paññāya mattaso kārī? Anāgāmī – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo sīlesu ca paripūrakārī, samādhismiñca paripūrakārī, paññāya mattaso kārī.
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一百二十九、哪种人于诸戒是作圆满者,于定是作圆满者,于慧是作圆满者呢?阿罗汉——这种人称为“于诸戒是作圆满者”,于定是作圆满者,于慧是作圆满者。

129Katamo ca puggalo sīlesu ca paripūrakārī, samādhismiñca paripūrakārī, paññāya ca paripūrakārī? Arahā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo sīlesu ca paripūrakārī, samādhismiñca paripūrakārī, paññāya ca paripūrakārī.
130已对照

一百三十、此中什么是三种导师?此处有某位导师施设对诸欲的遍知,不施设对诸色的遍知,不施设对诸受的遍知。又此处有某位导师施设对诸欲的遍知,也施设对诸色的遍知,不施设对诸受的遍知。又此处有某位导师施设对诸欲的遍知,也施设对诸色的遍知,也施设对诸受的遍知。

此中,凡是那施设对诸欲的遍知,不施设对诸色的遍知,不施设对诸受的遍知的导师,应由此视[他]为色界等至的获得者导师。此中,凡是那施设对诸欲的遍知,也施设对诸色的遍知,不施设对诸受的遍知的导师,应由此视[他]为无色界等至的获得者导师。此中,凡是那施设对诸欲的遍知,也施设对诸色的遍知,也施设对诸受的遍知的导师,应由此视[他]为正等正觉者导师。这就是三种导师。

130Tattha katame tayo satthāro? Idhekacco satthā kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti [paññāpeti (sī. syā.)], na rūpānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, na vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti. Idha panekacco satthā kāmānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, rūpānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, na vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti. Idha panekacco satthā kāmānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, rūpānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, vedanānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti. Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, na rūpānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, na vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, rūpāvacarasamāpattiyā lābhī satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā kāmānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, rūpānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, na vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, arūpāvacarasamāpattiyā lābhī satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā kāmānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, rūpānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, vedanānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, sammāsambuddho satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Ime tayo satthāro.
131已对照

一百三十一、此中什么是另外三种导师?此处有某位导师于现法中真实而确定地施设我,于来世也真实而确定地施设我。又此处有某位导师于现法中真实而确定地施设我,然而不于来世真实而确定地施设我。又此处有某位导师不于现法中真实而确定地施设我,于来世也不真实而确定地施设我。

此中,凡是那于现法中真实而确定地施设我,于来世也真实而确定地施设我的导师,应由此视[他]为常见论者导师。此中,凡是那于现法中真实而确定地施设我,然而不于来世真实而确定地施设我的导师,应由此视[他]为断灭论者导师。此中,凡是那不于现法中真实而确定地施设我,于来世也不真实而确定地施设我的导师,应由此视[他]为正等正觉者导师。这就是另外三种导师。

131Tattha katame aparepi tayo satthāro? Idhekacco satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, abhisamparāyañca attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti. Idha panekacco satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, no ca kho abhisamparāyaṃ attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti. Idha panekacco satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato na paññapeti, abhisamparāyañca attānaṃ saccato thetato na paññapeti. Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, abhisamparāyañca attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, sassatavādo satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, no ca kho abhisamparāyaṃ attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, ucchedavādo satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato na paññapeti, abhisamparāyañca attānaṃ saccato thetato na paññapeti, sammāsambuddho satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Ime aparepi tayo satthāro.
已对照

三法的解说。