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本經目錄經文一集義注一集義注序論略論復注一集復注序論序論釋義序論釋義,終。

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一集

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序論

Ganthārambhakathā
PTS 1.1緬 1.1已對照篇首

[他]心因悲而清涼,以慧燈破除了痴暗;

[他是]含人與天之世間的尊重者——我禮敬已解脫諸趣的善逝(sugata)。

佛陀也是既修習了[那法]、又現證了[它],

才趣得[佛的境界]的——我禮敬那離垢的、無上的法。

善逝的諸胸生之子,[他們]是破魔軍者——

那八[輩]之聚,我以頭禮敬[之],[即]聖僧團。

如是,由我這心意淨信者[所作]的、由禮敬三寶所成的那份福——

願以它的威力,[令我]成為障礙善除者,

[而]以一[支]、二[支]等所莊嚴的、殊勝的《增支部》(aṅguttarāgama)——

[即]能令諸說法者中的牛王(dhammakathikapuṅgava)生起多彩辯才的[那部阿含]——

為顯明[其]義,最初由諸得自在者(vasī)之百——

[即]五百[位]——所結集、後來也[於第二、第三次結集中]被隨結集的那部義注,

由得自在者馬哈瑪欣德(Mahāmahinda)帶到了師子洲(Sīhaḷadīpa),

為諸洲住民的利益,以師子洲語(sīhaḷabhāsā)安立了下來。

我從那[義注]中除去師子洲語,[而將它]升入悅意之語(manoramā bhāsā)——

[升入那]契合聖典(tanti)之法則、離於過失的[語];

[並]不違背諸長老的宗義(samaya)——[他們]是長老世系的明燈、

抉擇極為精微、住於大寺(Mahāvihāra)者;

捨去一再重來之義,我將顯明[其]義,

為令善人歡喜,併為令法久住。

舍衛城等諸城的解說,前面已經由我作過了——

[那是]我在說《長部》與《中部》之義時[所作],

以廣說的方式[作的];以及在那裡所說的那些故事(vatthu)——

對那些[故事],我在此也不再多作廣說了。

然而諸經之義中,凡不借諸故事便不得顯明者——

為顯明它們,我也將出示諸故事。

戒論、頭陀法(dhutadhamma),以及一切業處,

連同性行(cariyā)之分判,[以及]禪與等至的廣說;

以及一切神通(abhiññā),還有慧的合計與抉擇;

蘊、界、處、根,以及那四聖[諦]——

[即諸]諦,[與]緣之行相(paccayākāra)的教說,[其]理趣極清淨而精微;

不離聖典之道,以及毗婆舍那(vipassanā)的修習——

然而這一切,由於已由我在《清淨道論》(Visuddhimagga)中極為清淨地

說過了,所以在此[義注中]不再多加論究它。

「此《清淨道論》,正處於四阿含之中央,

[它]將住[於其中]而顯明那裡如所說之義。」

[《清淨道論》]正是這樣造成的,所以你們應把它也取來,連同這部

義注[《滿足希求》(Manorathapūraṇī)]一起,了知依於《增支部》之義。

‘‘Karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ, paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ;
Sanarāmaralokagaruṃ, vande sugataṃ gativimuttaṃ.
‘‘Buddhopi buddhabhāvaṃ, bhāvetvā ceva sacchikatvā ca;
Yaṃ upagato gatamalaṃ, vande tamanuttaraṃ dhammaṃ.
‘‘Sugatassa orasānaṃ, puttānaṃ mārasenamathanānaṃ;
Aṭṭhannampi samūhaṃ, sirasā vande ariyasaṅghaṃ.
‘‘Iti me pasannamatino, ratanattayavandanāmayaṃ puññaṃ;
Yaṃ suvihatantarāyo, hutvā tassānubhāvena.
‘‘Ekakadukādipaṭimaṇḍitassa aṅguttarāgamavarassa;
Dhammakathikapuṅgavānaṃ, vicittapaṭibhānajananassa.
‘‘Atthappakāsanatthaṃ, aṭṭhakathā ādito vasisatehi;
Pañcahi yā saṅgītā, anusaṅgītā ca pacchāpi.
‘‘Sīhaḷadīpaṃ pana ābhatātha vasinā mahāmahindena;
Ṭhapitā sīhaḷabhāsāya, dīpavāsīnamatthāya.
‘‘Apanetvāna tatohaṃ, sīhaḷabhāsaṃ manoramaṃ bhāsaṃ;
Tantinayānucchavikaṃ, āropento vigatadosaṃ.
‘‘Samayaṃ avilomento, therānaṃ theravaṃsadīpānaṃ;
Sunipuṇavinicchayānaṃ, mahāvihāre nivāsīnaṃ.
‘‘Hitvā punappunāgatamatthaṃ, atthaṃ pakāsayissāmi;
Sujanassa ca tuṭṭhatthaṃ, ciraṭṭhitatthañca dhammassa.
‘‘Sāvatthipabhūtīnaṃ, nagarānaṃ vaṇṇanā katā heṭṭhā;
Dīghassa majjhimassa ca, yā me atthaṃ vadantena.
‘‘Vitthāravasena sudaṃ, vatthūni ca tattha yāni vuttāni;
Tesampi na idha bhiyyo, vitthārakathaṃ karissāmi.
‘‘Suttānaṃ pana atthā, na vinā vatthūhi ye pakāsanti;
Tesaṃ pakāsanatthaṃ, vatthūnipi dassayissāmi.
‘‘Sīlakathā dhutadhammā, kammaṭṭhānāni ceva sabbāni;
Cariyāvidhānasahito, jhānasamāpattivitthāro.
‘‘Sabbā ca abhiññāyo, paññāsaṅkalananicchayo ceva;
Khandhādhātāyatanindriyāni, ariyāni ceva cattāri.
‘‘Saccāni paccayākāradesanā suparisuddhanipuṇanayā;
Avimuttatantimaggā, vipassanābhāvanā ceva.
‘‘Iti pana sabbaṃ yasmā, visuddhimagge mayā suparisuddhaṃ;
Vuttaṃ tasmā bhiyyo, na taṃ idha vicārayissāmi.
‘‘Majjhe visuddhimaggo, esa catunnampi āgamānañhi;
Ṭhatvā pakāsayissati, tattha yathābhāsitamatthaṃ.
‘‘Icceva kato tasmā, tampi gahetvāna saddhimetāya;
Aṭṭhakathāya vijānatha, aṅguttaranissitaṃ attha’’nti.
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略論

Saṃkhepakathā
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復注

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一集復注

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序論

Ganthārambhakathā
緬 1.1已對照篇首

[他]智慧無邊,是悲的居所,

我敬禮那戰勝了五魔的怙主;

[敬禮]清淨的、為有之壞滅之因的法,

以及最勝的、已破除一切惡的僧團。

那位迦葉(Kassapa)大長老,僧團導首,

在銅鍱洲(Tambapaṇṇi)島上,令教法興起者;

專志於行道,常住於林野,

在教法中顯赫,猶如天空中的月輪。

我禮敬[這位]僧團之父,[他]於律極為精通;

我依止他而住,在教法中得到了增長。

隨長老善慧(Sumedha),具大慧、以學識著稱,

戒等未曾毀損,清淨的功德由之興起;

多聞、具念、已調伏、寂靜、得定——

我以頭敬禮那位堅固者,我的師長、為眾講授者。

於那些通曉所傳阿含與思辨、了知聲論理趣的

他的內住弟子比丘之中,教法善為住立。

那位師子[洲]之王,堅毅而有名望,

慧廣大,於諸技藝精巧;

生於清淨的日種、月種[世系],

有大力,行持與威光皆未曾有。

[他]戰勝了極難制伏的敵眾,

以不共他人的勇武;

得受灌頂,奉行勝者之法,

於三寶深具淨信。

當勝者的教法長久分裂之時,

[他]善加制伏諸敵對者,

將那受稱讚的和合之味,猶如甘露一般,

給戒清淨的諸比丘飲用。

[他]建造了廣大而可愛的諸寺院,

對安置於其中的、數達多千的

全部比丘,以四資具

極長久地、不間斷地令[他們]滿足。

[他]希望正法增長,

親自也教誡諸比丘,

令[他們]致力於典籍與毗婆舍那,

使勝者的教法增長。

我受到他極大的護持,

以不共他人的攝受;

由於[我]為那位名為勇臂[者]

在比丘眾中所勸請,

所以,諸深[奧]語句之義——

[即]殊勝的《增支部》釋義中[諸語句之義]——

我將全部顯示出來,令易於了知,

依於前代諸阿闍梨的威力。

Anantañāṇaṃ karuṇāniketaṃ,
Namāmi nāthaṃ jitapañcamāraṃ;
Dhammaṃ visuddhaṃ bhavanāsahetuṃ,
Saṅghañca seṭṭhaṃ hatasabbapāpaṃ.
Kassapaṃ taṃ mahātheraṃ, saṅghassa pariṇāyakaṃ;
Dīpasmiṃ tambapaṇṇimhi, sāsanodayakārakaṃ.
Paṭipattiparādhīnaṃ, sadāraññanivāsinaṃ;
Pākaṭaṃ gagane canda-maṇḍalaṃ viya sāsane.
Saṅghassa pitaraṃ vande, vinaye suvisāradaṃ;
Yaṃ nissāya vasantohaṃ, vuḍḍhippattosmi sāsane.
Anutheraṃ mahāpaññaṃ, sumedhaṃ sutivissutaṃ;
Avikhaṇḍitasīlādi-parisuddhaguṇodayaṃ.
Bahussutaṃ satimantaṃ, dantaṃ santaṃ samāhitaṃ;
Namāmi sirasā dhīraṃ, garuṃ me gaṇavācakaṃ.
Āgatāgamatakkesu, saddasatthanayaññusu;
Yassantevāsibhikkhūsu, sāsanaṃ suppatiṭṭhitaṃ.
Yo sīhaḷindo dhitimā yasassī,
Uḷārapañño nipuṇo kalāsu;
Jāto visuddhe ravisomavaṃse,
Mahabbalo abbhutavuttitejo.
Jitvārivaggaṃ atiduppasayhaṃ,
Anaññasādhāraṇavikkamena;
Pattābhiseko jinadhammasevī,
Abhippasanno ratanattayamhi.
Ciraṃ vibhinne jinasāsanasmiṃ,
Paccatthike suṭṭhu viniggahetvā;
Sudhaṃva sāmaggirasaṃ pasatthaṃ,
Pāyesi bhikkhū parisuddhasīle.
Katvā vihāre vipule ca ramme,
Tatrappitenekasahassasaṅkhe;
Bhikkhū asese catupaccayehi,
Santappayanto suciraṃ akhaṇḍaṃ.
Saddhammavuddhiṃ abhikaṅkhamāno,
Sayampi bhikkhū anusāsayitvā;
Niyojayaṃ ganthavipassanāsu,
Akāsi vuddhiṃ jinasāsanassa.
Tenāhamaccantamanuggahīto,
Anaññasādhāraṇasaṅgahena;
Yasmā parakkantabhujavhayena,
Ajjhesito bhikkhugaṇassa majjhe.
Tasmā anuttānapadānamatthaṃ,
Seṭṭhāya aṅguttaravaṇṇanāya;
Sandassayissaṃ sakalaṃ suboddhuṃ,
Nissāya pubbācariyappabhāvaṃ.
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序論釋義

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā
1緬 1.4已對照

一、於釋義之初,[阿闍梨]欲敬禮三寶,為顯示它具有殊勝功德,而說了「[他]心因悲而清涼」等[語]。因為由具殊勝功德而有應受禮敬之性,而對應受禮敬者所作的禮敬能成辦如所意指的事。而此中,諸阿闍梨在各處多方鋪陳於釋義之初作三寶敬禮的目的;我們卻只顯示此處所意指的目的。因此應知:於釋義之初作三寶敬禮,是為了如所自許的釋義無有障礙地完成。因為正是這一目的為阿闍梨於此處所意指。正因如此,[他]將說——

「如是,由我這心意淨信者[所作]的、由禮敬三寶所成的那份福——

願以它的威力,[令我]成為障礙善除者」。

而此中,以作三寶敬禮[而得]如所自許的釋義無有障礙地完成,是由於對三寶的供養[帶來]慧的敏銳;而由它[帶來]慧的敏銳,則是由於[它]摧破貪等諸垢。因為這已被說過——

「摩訶男(Mahānāma),當聖弟子隨念如來之時,他於那時心不為貪所纏縛,心不為瞋所纏縛,心不為痴所纏縛;他於那時心唯是正直的」等(《增支部》6.10;11.11)。

所以,以對三寶的供養,垢已被洗除的慧便成就敏銳。

或者,由於對三寶的供養是定——[即]慧之足處——的因,[故有]慧的敏銳。因為它是定之因[這一點]已被說過——

「摩訶男,心已正直的聖弟子獲得義喜(atthaveda),獲得法喜(dhammaveda),獲得與法相應的愉悅(pāmojja);愉悅者,喜生起;意有喜者,身輕安;身輕安者,感受樂;有樂者,心得定」(《增支部》6.10;11.11)。

而定是慧之足處[這一點]也已被說過——「得定者如實了知」(《相應部》3.5;4.99;5.1071)。從而,[阿闍梨]以如是已成為敏銳的慧,克服由所自許之事的重大而造成的疲倦,將無有障礙地完成釋義。

或者,應知無有障礙地完成,是由於對三寶的供養增長壽、色、樂、力。因為以三寶敬禮,壽、色、樂、力便增長。因為這已被說過——

「對習於禮敬、常尊敬長者的人,

四法增長:壽、色、樂、力。」(《法句》109)——

從而,由壽、色、樂、力的增長,所作之事必定得以完成。

或者,由於對三寶的恭敬帶來辯才的不衰退。因為對三寶的恭敬帶來不衰退。因為這已被說過——

「諸比丘,有這七不衰退法。哪七[法]呢?對導師的恭敬、對法的恭敬、對僧的恭敬、對學的恭敬、對定的恭敬、易受勸、善友性」(《增支部》7.34)。

而從那[恭敬],由辯才的不衰退,如所自許[之事]的完成必定達成。

或者,由於對諸淨信之所依的供養是殊勝之福。因為它是殊勝之福[這一點]已被說過——

「對應供養者作供養,無論[是]對佛陀或[對]諸弟子——

[他們]已超越妄衍,已渡過愁與悲;

對如是已寂滅、無所怖畏者作供養,

其福不能由任何人計量為『這麼多』。」(《法句》195-196;《譬喻·長老》1.10.1-2)

而殊勝之福是如所意指[之事]得以完成的方便。如所說——

「這是天與人的、給予一切所欲之藏;

凡他們所希求的,一切皆由此而得。」(《小誦》8.10)

而對已行於諸方便者,所作之事必定得以完成。因為對三寶的供養,以無上福田之善成就,[所成]是威力不可計量的殊勝之福;故縱在障礙多種的世間聚居中,[它]也能摧毀那繫縛障礙的一切雜染,並遮止怖畏等災禍。所以說:「於釋義之初作三寶敬禮,是為了如所自許的釋義無有障礙地完成。」

如是,[阿闍梨]欲作那具有目的的三寶禮敬,首先為作對世尊的禮敬——因為其餘諸寶以他為根本——而說了「[他]心因悲而清涼……乃至……已解脫諸趣的」。此中,他所欲釋義的那一教說,既不像律的教說那樣以悲為主,也不像阿毗達摩的教說那樣以慧為主,而是以悲與慧為主;因此,為先作那以此二者為主的、對正等正覺者的讚歎,[阿闍梨]說了「[他]心因悲而清涼,以慧燈破除了痴暗」。此中,「散除(kirati)」故為「悲(karuṇā)」,義即驅散、除去他人之苦。或者,「傷害(kiṇāti)」故為「悲」,義即他人有苦時,[它]損傷、惱害有悲者。或者,他人有苦時,[它]使諸善人震動、令心憂戚,故為「悲」。或者,「kam」即樂,[它]遮止那[樂],故為「悲」——因為它以欲除他人之苦為相,由不顧自樂而遮止、障礙有悲者的樂,此是其義。因悲而清涼,[故為]「因悲而清涼」;他的心因悲而清涼,故為「心因悲而清涼者」;[禮敬]那位「心因悲而清涼」者。

此中,雖然慈與喜也因其以為他人帶來利益、不欲其樂等衰減為自性,又因是瞋恨與不樂的正對治,[從而]以斷除眾生相續中之熱惱的行相而轉起,故也可得「令心清涼之因」[這一性質];然而悲——它以除苦的行相而轉起,以不堪他人之受苦為味,[即]是不害——特別地如心輕安一般,是世尊之心清涼之性的因相;[故]說了「[他]心因悲而清涼」。或者應知:以悲為門,慈與喜的「令心清涼之因」性也[一併]被說到了。或者,那作為不共殊勝智之所繫的、且如一切知智(sabbaññutaññāṇa)一般以遍佈自境而極為殊勝、又無有餘剩地趣得大悲之性的悲,才是世尊心清涼之性的殊勝之因;[故阿闍梨]說「[他]心因悲而清涼」。或者,縱然慈與喜也系屬於殊勝的心清涼之性,然而由於[悲]是一切佛德殊勝之因,也是那[慈喜二者]之因,故唯悲被說為世尊的「令心清涼之因」。因為一切佛德皆以悲為因緣。因為世尊由悲的威力而令輪迴之苦的熱惱息滅;他由欲除他人之苦,縱經多阿僧祇(asaṅkhyeyya)劫也毫無疲厭之相,樂於無餘地積集諸佛所作之法,並已證得法增上性;故縱然那些由眾生與諸行所帶來的、能令心熱惱的因相就在近前,他心清涼之性也不曾有絲毫的變異。而於這一義之分別中,應知世尊在三種階位中的悲都已被攝取。

「了知(pajānāti)」故為「慧(paññā)」,義即依諸行相如實通達。慧本身由斷除所知障、以依諸行相照明諸法自性之義[而]為「燈(pajjota)」,[故為]「慧燈(paññāpajjota)」。由連同習氣(vāsanā)而斷,[故]特別地被擊破、被根除,[即]「被破除」;由慧燈而被破除,[故為]「為慧燈所破除」。由它而[人]痴迷,或者它自己痴迷,或者它唯是痴迷[之狀],故為「痴(moha)」,[即]無明;又正是它,由於覆蔽境之自性、與黑暗相似,故如暗一般,[故]為「痴暗(mohatamo)」;他的痴暗為慧燈所破除,故為「痴暗為慧燈所破除者」;[禮敬]那位「以慧燈破除了痴暗」者。因為雖然一切漏盡者的無明之暗都已為慧燈所破除,然而正如見至者(diṭṭhippatta)之於信解者(saddhādhimutta),正等正覺者之斷煩惱由於是連同習氣而斷,比諸弟子與諸獨覺佛[之斷]有殊勝之處;故[阿闍梨]為以殊勝的斷無明讚歎世尊而說「以慧燈破除了痴暗」。

或者,由於不藉他人之教導而於自己的相續中令無明之暗畢竟離去,又由於於其中已證得一切知性與於諸力的自在之性,並且由於以殊勝說法之威力而於他人的相續中正正當當地令那[離暗]轉起,[故]唯世尊應特別以痴暗之離去而受讚歎——[故阿闍梨]說「以慧燈破除了痴暗」。而於這一義之分別中,應知以「慧燈」一句,世尊的通達慧與說法慧一樣,都依總說、或依「餘一(ekasesa)」之法而被攝取。

或者,由於世尊之智以所知為邊際,[故]以那能覺了一切所知法自性的、稱為無障礙智(anāvaraṇañāṇa)的慧燈,覆蔽一切所知法自性的痴暗已被摧破;[阿闍梨]以「世尊的痴暗之壞滅是不共他者的」[這一意思]而說了「以慧燈破除了痴暗」。而此中應知:由於無障礙智是在痴暗被摧破之後所證得的,[故]依因之假說,[它]是自相續中的痴暗摧破。因為由發願(abhinīhāra)的成就,諸煩惱的「連同習氣而斷」本身即是所知障的斷除;而於他人的相續中,由於[它]是痴暗摧破之因,[故]無障礙智[也]被說為「痴暗的摧破」。

[設難:]那麼是什麼緣故,唯取無明的根除這一項作為依斷之成就而讚歎世尊的因相,而不[取]那殊勝的、無有餘剩的斷煩惱呢?——[通釋:]因為以說那[無明]之斷,由於[諸煩惱]與它同一依處,一切雜染之聚的根除便已被說到了。因為並沒有那樣一種煩惱,是不因無餘地斷無明而被斷的。

或者,正如明是一切善法生起[的主因],無明也是一切不善法生起與輪迴轉起的主因;故以說它的破除,一切雜染之聚的根除便已被說到了——[故]說「以慧燈破除了痴暗」。

諸人與諸不死者[合稱]「人與天(narāmara)」;「與人天俱」故為「含人天(sanarāmara)」;「含人天」而又是世間,故為「含人與天之世間」;是那[世間]的尊重者,故為「含人與天之世間的尊重者」;[禮敬]那位「含人與天之世間的尊重者」。以此顯示:正如對諸天與諸人,世尊對其餘眾生也隨其所應帶來殊勝功德,[故]有施恩之性。而此處不應詰責主與非主之性。因為聲的次第是一回事,義的次第是另一回事。因為在這樣的複合詞中,主者也如非主者那樣被舉示,如「含王之眾(sarājikāya parisāya)」(《律藏·小品》336)。此處世間固然依眾生、諸行、器[世間]而有三種;然而由於所意指的是尊重之性,[而]唯能作尊重者才相應,[故]應依眾生世間取義——因為諸福與諸惡及其異熟於其中被見,[故]它被稱為「世間」。而此處以取「不死者」,所意指的是生天(upapattideva)[諸天]。

或者,「世間」一語是聚義,[因為]依總集而被見、被了知。「與諸人俱」故為「含人(sanara)」;「含人」而又是諸不死者,故為「含人之諸天」;是他們的世間,故為「含人與天之世間」——應依前法而作配合。而此處以「不死者」一語,清淨天(visuddhideva)也被攝取——因為他們也由無有死,依勝義(paramattha)為「不死者」。而唯取人與天,是依最勝之舉示,如「天人師(satthā devamanussānaṃ)」(《長部》1.157)。正因如此:世尊以那先行遣除一切無利益的、專致於無餘地施設利益與安樂的、無上的加行成就,又由於對含天與人的眾生有畢竟的施恩之性,並具有威力與功德不可限量、無可比擬的殊勝,[故他]是一切眾生中的最上者,是無量世界中無量眾生的最上恭敬之處。因此說「含人與天之世間的尊重者」。

他的行、[即]行走是善美的,故為「善逝(sugata)」。因為世尊趣近所應調教之人,由必定成辦彼等的利益與安樂,[故]是善美的;同樣,由於色身為[三十二]相與[八十]隨好所莊嚴,[其]身之行離於急速、遲緩、躓跌、拖曳、按壓、蹲踞、迂曲、雜亂等過失,不可譏笑,如王鵝、如牛王、如大象、如獸王[之行];而[其]智之行則具有廣大無垢的悲、念、精進等殊勝功德,從發願直至大菩提皆無可責難——[故]正是善美的。或者,以自生智(sayambhūñāṇa)依遍知現觀而遍知整個世間,[如是]以智正行、[即]正覺了,故為「善逝」;同樣,依斷現觀而斷世間之集、令[它]成為不再生起之法,[如是]正行、[即]已越過,故為「善逝」;依作證現觀[而行於]世間之滅、[即]涅槃,[如是]正行、[即]已證得,故為「善逝」;依修習現觀[而行於]趣向世間之滅的行道,[如是]正行、[即]已行道,故為「善逝」。此義應依「凡以須陀洹道所斷的諸煩惱,他不再回到、不再返回、不再復來於那些煩惱,故為『善逝』」等(《小義釋》〈彌得古青年所問釋〉27)之法而闡明。或者,已行、[即]已證得善美之處、[即]正等正覺,或[即]涅槃,故為「善逝」。或者,由於[他]所說的法是真實的、如實的、有義利的,並且對所應調教者隨其所應而合於時的,所以「正說(sammā gadati)」,故為「善逝」——是把 da 音作成 ta 音[而成]。如是,由善美之行等[義]而為「善逝」;[禮敬]那位「善逝」。

由諸福業與惡業依受生而應趣往,[故為]「諸趣(gatiyo)」,[即]生有的差別;而它們依地獄等而有五種。由於以證得聖道使一切趣有之業成為不應有異熟,[從而]已從那些[趣]退轉,[故]世尊善解脫於五趣、已離系;[故阿闍梨]說「已解脫諸趣的」。以此顯示世尊不攝屬於任何一趣,由此世尊被稱為「天中天(devātideva)」。正因如此說——

「由於它[我]將生為天,或[生為]空行的乾闥婆;

由於它[我]將趣往夜叉之性,或來至人之性——

我的那些漏已盡,已摧毀、已除根。」(《增支部》4.36)

因為那些能轉成彼彼趣的業與煩惱,正在菩提樹下已以最上道善斷,[故]世尊無有攝屬於趣之性;[即]世尊畢竟善解脫於一切有、生、趣、識住、眾生居、眾生類;[禮敬]那位「已解脫諸趣的」。「[我]禮敬(vande)」者:義即我敬禮,或我讚歎。

或者,「已解脫諸趣的」是以無餘依涅槃界之證得讚歎世尊。因為此中應知世尊的讚歎有二種行相:依自利之成就與依利他之行道。其中,自利之成就應依證得無障礙智、畢竟斷除一切連同習氣的煩惱、及證得無餘依涅槃而知;利他之行道[則應依]:以不顧利養、恭敬等之心而說出離一切苦之法,縱對相違者也常有利益之意樂,又[待所化者]智成熟之時而來[教化]。而此中,利他之行道依意樂與加行有二種,自利之成就有三種,[如是]被顯示出來。如何[顯示]呢?——以「[他]心因悲而清涼」[顯示]依意樂的利他之行道;以「正說」義的「善逝」一語[顯示]依加行的利他之行道;以「以慧燈破除了痴暗」「已解脫諸趣的」這[二句]與「通達四諦」義的「善逝」一語[顯示]三種自利之成就;又以其餘的[「善逝」之義]及「以慧燈破除了痴暗」這[一句],自利之成就與利他之行道也被顯示了。

或者,應知世尊的讚歎有三種行相——依因、依果、依施恩。此中,因是大悲,它以第一句顯示。果有四種:智成就、斷成就、威力成就、色身成就。其中,智成就與斷成就以第二句及「通達[四]諦」義的「善逝」一語顯示;威力成就以第三句;色身成就以前面所說「身之行善美」義的「善逝」一語[顯示]——因為若無[三十二]相與[八十]隨好的圓滿,便無那[身行之善美]。施恩,[即]不作隔別、不作外人,以三乘之門[而作]的解脫法之教說;應知它以「正說」義的「善逝」一語顯示。

此中,以「[他]心因悲而清涼」顯示正等正覺之根本。因為世尊意為大悲所激發,為把眾生從輪迴的泥沼中救出而作了發願,次第圓滿諸波羅蜜(pāramī),[而後]證得無上正等正覺;故悲是正等正覺之根本。以「以慧燈破除了痴暗」顯示正等正覺。因為以無障礙智為足處的道智,與以道智為足處的無障礙智,[二者]被稱為「正等正覺」。以「正行」義的「善逝」一語顯示正等正覺之行道——因為「善逝」一語顯示的是那離於退縮與掉舉、住立與勤勇、欲樂耽溺與自苦行、常見與斷見之執取等二邊的、為悲與慧所攝持的中道。以其餘[諸句]顯示正等正覺的主與非主之別的目的。因為此中把眾生從輪迴的大暴流中度脫是主要目的,其餘的是非主要的。其中以主要[目的]顯示利他之行道,以另一[目的顯示]自利之成就;以那二者顯示:於「為自利而行道者」等四種人中,世尊是第四種人。又以此顯示[世尊]是無上應施者之性、最上應禮敬者之性,以及他對自己的禮敬之業而言是田之所歸。

而此中,以取「悲」,由於闡明諸世間[法]中已達廣大之性的不共功德,[故]世尊的一切世間功德之成就被顯示;以取「慧」,由於闡明以一切知智為足處的道智,[故顯示]一切出世間功德之成就——因為由取那二者所成之義,以「含人與天之世間的尊重者」等語而得開演。又以取「悲」顯示無有隨雜染的趣近,以取「慧」[顯示]遠離。同樣,以取「悲」顯示世尊隨順世間通稱的轉起——因為悲以世間言說為境;以取「慧」[顯示]不超越通稱——因為由不覺了諸法的自性,才有超越通稱而執取眾生等[之事]。同樣,以取「悲」顯示大悲定之住,以取「慧」[顯示]於三時無有障礙之智、四諦智、四無礙解智、四無畏智。由於以取「悲」已取了大悲定智,[故以取「慧」]依其餘諸不共智、六神通、於八眾中的不動智、十力、十四佛智、十六智行、十八佛法、四十四智事、七十七智事等等眾多慧之差別,顯示智之行。同樣,以取「悲」[顯示]行成就,以取「慧」[顯示]明成就。以取「悲」[顯示]我增上性,以取「慧」[顯示]法增上性。以取「悲」[顯示]世間依怙之性,以取「慧」[顯示]自依怙之性。同樣,以取「悲」[顯示]先施恩之性,以取「慧」[顯示]知恩。同樣,以取「悲」[顯示]不苦他之性,以取「慧」[顯示]不自苦之性。或者以取「悲」[顯示]諸佛所作之法的成就,以取「慧」[顯示]佛的境界之成就。同樣,以取「悲」[顯示]度脫他人,以取「慧」[顯示]自度。同樣,以取「悲」[顯示]於一切眾生有攝益之心,以取「慧」[顯示]於一切法有離貪之心。

而於一切佛德,悲是初——由於[它們]以它為因緣;慧是終——由於在它之上無有應作。如是,由顯示初與終,一切佛德便都被顯示了。同樣,以取「悲」,[則]以戒蘊為先行的定蘊被顯示。因為戒以悲為因緣——由從它而有離殺生等之轉起;而它[悲]又與三禪相應。以「慧」一語[顯示]慧蘊。又戒是一切佛德之初,定在中,慧是終;如是,初、中、後皆善美的一切佛德也都被顯示了——因為[它們]是依法門而被顯示的。因為唯此——即取法門——才是無餘顯示佛德的方便;否則,有誰能夠逐句無餘地顯示世尊的諸功德呢?正因如此說——

「縱然佛陀說佛陀的稱讚,

縱然不說其他而[說]一劫;

劫或在長久之間滅盡,

如來的稱讚[卻]不會滅盡。」(《長部義注》1.304;3.141;《中部義注》2.425;《自說義注》53;《佛種姓義注》4.4;《譬喻義注》2.7〈令他淨信長老譬喻釋義〉)

正因如此,具壽舍利弗(Sāriputta)長老被就佛德之限定而追問時,也先以「尊者,這不然」而否定,[然後]說「然而,尊者,我了知法的類推(dhammanvaya)」。

1. Saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayaṃ namassitukāmo tassa visiṭṭhaguṇayogasandassanatthaṃ ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’ntiādimāha. Visiṭṭhaguṇayogena hi vandanārahabhāvo, vandanārahe ca katā vandanā yathādhippetamatthaṃ sādheti. Ettha ca saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayappaṇāmakaraṇappayojanaṃ tattha tattha bahudhā papañcenti ācariyā, mayaṃ pana idhādhippetameva payojanaṃ dassayissāma, tasmā saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayappaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Idameva hi payojanaṃ ācariyena idhādhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati –
‘‘Iti me pasannamatino, ratanattayavandanāmayaṃ puññaṃ;
Yaṃ suvihatantarāyo, hutvā tassānubhāvenā’’ti.
Ratanattayappaṇāmakaraṇena cettha yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ ratanattayapūjāya paññāpāṭavato, tāya paññāpāṭavañca rāgādimalavidhamanato. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hotī’’tiādi (a. ni. 6.10; 11.11).
Tasmā ratanattayapūjanena vikkhālitamalāya paññāya pāṭavasiddhi.
Atha vā ratanattayapūjanassa paññāpadaṭṭhānasamādhihetuttā paññāpāṭavaṃ. Vuttañhi tassa samādhihetuttaṃ –
‘‘Ujugatacitto kho pana, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vediyati, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyatī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10; 11.11).
Samādhissa ca paññāya padaṭṭhānabhāvo vuttoyeva – ‘‘samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.5; 4.99; 5.1071). Tato evaṃ paṭubhūtāya paññāya paṭiññāmahattakataṃ khedamabhibhuyya anantarāyena saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samāpayissati.
Atha vā ratanattayapūjāya āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavaḍḍhanato anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Ratanattayappaṇāmena hi āyuvaṇṇasukhabalāni vaḍḍhanti. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Abhivādanasīlissa, niccaṃ vuḍḍhāpacāyino;
Cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhanti, āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṃ bala’’nti. (dha. pa. 109) –
Tato āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavuddhiyā hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānaṃ.
Atha vā ratanattayagāravassa paṭibhānāparihānāvahattā. Aparihānāvahañhi tīsupi ratanesu gāravaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Sattime, bhikkhave, aparihānīyā dhammā. Katame satta? Satthugāravatā, dhammagāravatā, saṅghagāravatā, sikkhāgāravatā, samādhigāravatā, sovacassatā, kalyāṇamittatā’’ti (a. ni. 7.34).
Hoteva ca tato paṭibhānāparihānena yathāpaṭiññātaparisamāpanaṃ.
Atha vā pasādavatthūsu pūjāya puññātisayabhāvato. Vuttañhi tassā puññātisayattaṃ –
‘‘Pūjārahe pūjayato, buddhe yadi va sāvake;
Papañcasamatikkante, tiṇṇasokapariddave.
Te tādise pūjayato, nibbute akutobhaye;
Na sakkā puññaṃ saṅkhātuṃ, imettamapi kenacī’’ti. (dha. pa. 195-196; apa. thera 1.10.1-2);
Puññātisayo ca yathādhippetaparisamāpanūpāyo. Yathāha –
‘‘Esa devamanussānaṃ, sabbakāmadado nidhi;
Yaṃ yadevābhipatthenti, sabbametena labbhatī’’ti. (khu. pā. 8.10);
Upāyesu ca paṭipannassa hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānaṃ. Ratanattayapūjā hi niratisayapuññakkhettasambuddhiyā aparimeyyappabhāvo puññātisayoti bahuvidhantarāyepi lokasannivāse antarāyanibandhanasakalasaṃkilesaviddhaṃsanāya pahoti, bhayādiupaddavañca nivāreti. Tasmā vuttaṃ – ‘‘saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayappaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanattha’’nti.
Evañca sappayojanaṃ ratanattayavandanaṃ kattukāmo paṭhamaṃ tāva bhagavato vandanaṃ kātuṃ tammūlakattā sesaratanānaṃ ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ…pe… gativimutta’’nti āha. Tattha yassā desanāya saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo, sā na vinayadesanā viya karuṇāpadhānā, nāpi abhidhammadesanā viya paññāpadhānā, atha kho karuṇāpaññāpadhānāti tadubhayappadhānameva tāva sammāsambuddhassa thomanaṃ kātuṃ ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ, paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti vuttaṃ. Tattha kiratīti karuṇā, paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati apanetīti attho. Atha vā kiṇātīti karuṇā, paradukkhe sati kāruṇikaṃ hiṃsati vibādhatīti attho. Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ kampanaṃ hadayakhedaṃ karotīti vā karuṇā. Atha vā kamiti sukhaṃ, taṃ rundhatīti karuṇā. Esā hi paradukkhāpanayanakāmatālakkhaṇā attasukhanirapekkhatāya kāruṇikānaṃ sukhaṃ rundhati vibandhatīti attho. Karuṇāya sītalaṃ karuṇāsītalaṃ, karuṇāsītalaṃ hadayaṃ assāti karuṇāsītalahadayo, taṃ karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ.
Tattha kiñcāpi paresaṃ hitopasaṃhārasukhādiaparihānicchanasabhāvatāya, byāpādāratīnaṃ ujuvipaccanīkatāya ca sattasantānagatasantāpavicchedanākārappavattiyā mettāmuditānampi cittasītalabhāvakāraṇatā upalabbhati, tathāpi dukkhāpanayanākārappavattiyā parūpatāpāsahanarasā avihiṃsabhūtā karuṇā visesena bhagavato cittassa cittappassaddhi viya sītibhāvanimittanti vuttaṃ – ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti. Karuṇāmukhena vā mettāmuditānampi hadayasītalabhāvakāraṇatā vuttāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā asādhāraṇañāṇavisesanibandhanabhūtā sātisayaṃ niravasesañca sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ viya savisayabyāpitāya mahākaruṇābhāvaṃ upagatā karuṇāva bhagavato atisayena hadayasītalabhāvahetūti āha – ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti. Atha vā satipi mettāmuditānaṃ sātisaye hadayasītibhāvanibandhanatte sakalabuddhaguṇavisesakāraṇatāya tāsampi kāraṇanti karuṇāva bhagavato ‘‘hadayasītalabhāvakāraṇa’’nti vuttā. Karuṇānidānā hi sabbepi buddhaguṇā. Karuṇānubhāvanibbāpiyamānasaṃsāradukkhasantāpassa hi bhagavato paradukkhāpanayanakāmatāya anekānipi asaṅkhyeyyāni kappānaṃ akilantarūpasseva niravasesabuddhakaradhammasambharaṇaniratassa samadhigatadhammādhipateyyassa ca sannihitesupi sattasaṅkhārasamupanītahadayūpatāpanimittesu na īsakampi cittasītibhāvassa aññathattamahosīti. Etasmiñca atthavikappe tīsupi avatthāsu bhagavato karuṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Pajānātīti paññā, yathāsabhāvaṃ pakārehi paṭivijjhatīti attho. Paññāva ñeyyāvaraṇappahānato pakārehi dhammasabhāvāvajotanaṭṭhena pajjototi paññāpajjoto. Savāsanappahānato visesena hataṃ samugghātitaṃ vihataṃ. Paññāpajjotena vihataṃ paññāpajjotavihataṃ, muyhanti tena, sayaṃ vā muyhati, mohanamattameva vā tanti moho, avijjā. Sveva visayasabhāvappaṭicchādanato andhakārasarikkhatāya tamo viyāti mohatamo, paññāpajjotavihato mohatamo etassāti paññāpajjotavihatamohatamo, taṃ paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ. Sabbesampi hi khīṇāsavānaṃ satipi paññāpajjotena avijjandhakārassa vihatabhāve saddhādhimuttehi viya diṭṭhippattānaṃ sāvakehi paccekasambuddhehi ca savāsanappahānena sammāsambuddhānaṃ kilesappahānassa viseso vijjatīti sātisayena avijjāpahānena bhagavantaṃ thomento āha – ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti.
Atha vā antarena paropadesaṃ attano santāne accantaṃ avijjandhakāravigamassa nibbattitattā, tattha ca sabbaññutāya balesu ca vasībhāvassa samadhigatattā, parasantatiyañca dhammadesanātisayānubhāvena sammadeva tassa pavattitattā bhagavāva visesato mohatamavigamena thometabboti āha – ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti. Imasmiñca atthavikappe ‘‘paññāpajjoto’’ti padena bhagavato paṭivedhapaññā viya desanāpaññāpi sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesanayena vā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Atha vā bhagavato ñāṇassa ñeyyapariyantikattā sakalañeyyadhammasabhāvāvabodhanasamatthena anāvaraṇañāṇasaṅkhātena paññāpajjotena sabbañeyyadhammasabhāvacchādakassa mohandhakārassa vidhamitattā anaññasādhāraṇo bhagavato mohatamavināsoti katvā vuttaṃ – ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti. Ettha ca mohatamavidhamanante adhigatattā anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ kāraṇopacārena sasantānamohatamavidhamanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Abhinīhārasampattiyā savāsanappahānameva hi kilesānaṃ ñeyyāvaraṇappahānanti, parasantāne pana mohatamavidhamanassa kāraṇabhāvato anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ ‘‘mohatamavidhamana’’nti vuccatīti.
Kiṃ pana kāraṇaṃ avijjāsamugghātoyeveko pahānasampattivasena bhagavato thomanānimittaṃ gayhati, na pana sātisayaniravasesakilesappahānanti? Tappahānavacaneneva tadekaṭṭhatāya sakalasaṃkilesagaṇasamugghātassa vuttattā. Na hi so tādiso kileso atthi, yo niravasesaavijjāpahānena na pahīyatīti.
Atha vā vijjā viya sakalakusaladhammasamuppattiyā, niravasesākusaladhammanibbattiyā saṃsārappavattiyā ca avijjā padhānakāraṇanti tabbighātavacanena sakalasaṃkilesagaṇasamugghāto vutto eva hotīti vuttaṃ – ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti.
Narā ca amarā ca narāmarā, saha narāmarehīti sanarāmaro, sanarāmaro ca so loko cāti sanarāmaraloko, tassa garūti sanarāmaralokagaru, taṃ sanarāmaralokagaruṃ. Etena devamanussānaṃ viya tadavasiṭṭhasattānampi yathārahaṃ guṇavisesāvahatāya bhagavato upakārataṃ dasseti. Na cettha padhānappadhānabhāvo codetabbo. Añño hi saddakkamo, añño atthakkamo. Īdisesu hi samāsapadesu padhānampi appadhānaṃ viya niddisīyati yathā ‘‘sarājikāya parisāyā’’ti (cūḷava. 336). Kāmañcettha sattasaṅkhārabhājanavasena tividho loko, garubhāvassa pana adhippetattā garukaraṇasamatthasseva yujjanato sattalokassa vasena attho gahetabbo. So hi lokīyanti ettha puññapāpāni tabbipāko cāti ‘‘loko’’ti vuccati. Amaraggahaṇena cettha upapattidevā adhippetā.
Atha vā samūhattho lokasaddo samudāyavasena lokīyati paññāpīyatīti. Saha narehīti sanarā, sanarā ca te amarā cāti sanarāmarā, tesaṃ lokoti sanarāmaralokoti purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ. Amarasaddena cettha visuddhidevāpi saṅgayhanti. Tepi hi maraṇābhāvato paramatthato amarā. Narāmarānaṃyeva ca gahaṇaṃ ukkaṭṭhaniddesavasena yathā ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’nti (dī. ni. 1.157). Tathā hi sabbānatthapariharaṇapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantūpakāritāya aparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgitāya ca sabbasattuttamo bhagavā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ uttamagāravaṭṭhānaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’nti.
Sobhanaṃ gataṃ gamanaṃ etassāti sugato. Bhagavato hi veneyyajanūpasaṅkamanaṃ ekantena tesaṃ hitasukhanipphādanato sobhanaṃ, tathā lakkhaṇānubyañjanappaṭimaṇḍitarūpakāyatāya dutavilambitakhalitānukaḍḍhananippīḷanukkuṭikakuṭilākuṭilatādi- dosarahitamavahasitarājahaṃsavasabhavāraṇamigarājagamanaṃ kāyagamanaṃ ñāṇagamanañca vipulanimmalakaruṇāsativīriyādiguṇavisesasahitamabhinīhārato yāva mahābodhi anavajjatāya sobhanamevāti. Atha vā sayambhuñāṇena sakalampi lokaṃ pariññābhisamayavasena parijānanto ñāṇena sammā gato avagatoti sugato, tathā lokasamudayaṃ pahānābhisamayavasena pajahanto anuppattidhammataṃ āpādento sammā gato atītoti sugato, lokanirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena sammā gato adhigatoti sugato, lokanirodhagāminipaṭipadaṃ bhāvanābhisamayavasena sammā gato paṭipannoti sugato. ‘‘Sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato’’tiādinā (cūḷani. mettagūmāṇavapucchāniddeso 27) nayena ayamattho vibhāvetabbo. Atha vā sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ sammāsambodhiṃ, nibbānameva vā gato adhigatoti sugato, yasmā vā bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ veneyyānaṃ yathārahaṃ kālayuttameva ca dhammaṃ bhāsati, tasmā sammā gadatīti sugato, da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā. Iti sobhanagamanatādīhi sugato, taṃ sugataṃ.
Puññapāpakammehi upapajjanavasena gantabbato gatiyo, upapattibhavavisesā. Tā pana nirayādivasena pañcavidhā. Tāhi sakalassapi bhavagāmikammassa ariyamaggādhigamena avipākārahabhāvakaraṇena nivattitattā bhagavā pañcahipi gatīhi suṭṭhu mutto visaṃyuttoti āha – ‘‘gativimutta’’nti. Etena bhagavato katthacipi gatiyā apariyāpannataṃ dasseti, yato bhagavā ‘‘devātidevo’’ti vuccati. Tenevāha –
‘‘Yena devūpapatyassa, gandhabbo vā vihaṅgamo;
Yakkhattaṃ yena gaccheyyaṃ, manussattañca abbaje;
Te mayhaṃ āsavā khīṇā, viddhastā vinaḷīkatā’’ti. (a. ni. 4.36);
Taṃtaṃgatisaṃvattanikānañhi kammakilesānaṃ aggamaggena bodhimūleyeva suppahīnattā natthi bhagavato gatipariyāpannatāti accantameva bhagavā sabbabhavayonigativiññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsasattanikāyehi suparimutto, taṃ gativimuttaṃ. Vandeti namāmi, thomemīti vā attho.
Atha vā gativimuttanti anupādisesanibbānadhātuppattiyā bhagavantaṃ thometi. Ettha hi dvīhi ākārehi bhagavato thomanā veditabbā attahitasampattito parahitappaṭipattito ca. Tesu attahitasampatti anāvaraṇañāṇādhigamato savāsanānaṃ sabbesaṃ kilesānaṃ accantappahānato anupādisesanibbānappattito ca veditabbā, parahitappaṭipatti lābhasakkārādinirapekkhacittassa sabbadukkhaniyyānikadhammadesanato viruddhesupi niccaṃ hitajjhāsayato ñāṇaparipākakālāgamanato ca. Sā panettha āsayato payogato ca duvidhā, parahitappaṭipatti tividhā ca, attahitasampatti pakāsitā hoti. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti etena āsayato parahitappaṭipatti, sammāgadanatthena sugatasaddena payogato parahitappaṭipatti, ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ gativimutta’’nti etehi catusaccasampaṭivedhanatthena ca sugatasaddena tividhāpi attahitasampatti, avasiṭṭhena ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti etena cāpi attahitasampatti parahitappaṭipatti pakāsitā hotīti.
Atha vā tīhi ākārehi bhagavato thomanā veditabbā hetuto, phalato, upakārato ca. Tattha hetu mahākaruṇā, sā paṭhamapadena dassitā. Phalaṃ catubbidhaṃ ñāṇasampadā, pahānasampadā, ānubhāvasampadā, rūpakāyasampadā cāti. Tāsu ñāṇappahānasampadā dutiyapadena saccappaṭivedhanatthena ca sugatasaddena pakāsitā honti, ānubhāvasampadā tatiyapadena, rūpakāyasampadā yathāvuttakāyagamanasobhanatthena sugatasaddena lakkhaṇānubyañjanapāripūriyā vinā tadabhāvato. Upakāro anantaraṃ abāhiraṃ karitvā tividhayānamukhena vimuttidhammadesanā. So sammāgadanatthena sugatasaddena pakāsito hotīti veditabbaṃ.
Tattha ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti etena sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ dasseti. Mahākaruṇāsañcoditamānaso hi bhagavā saṃsārapaṅkato sattānaṃ samuddharaṇatthaṃ katābhinīhāro anupubbena pāramiyo pūretvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ adhigatoti karuṇā sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ. ‘‘Paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti etena sammāsambodhiṃ dasseti. Anāvaraṇañāṇapadaṭṭhānañhi maggañāṇaṃ, maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ ‘‘sammāsambodhī’’ti vuccatīti. Sammāgamanatthena sugatasaddena sammāsambodhiyā paṭipattiṃ dasseti līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhallikattakilamathānuyogasassatucchedābhinivesādiantadvayarahitāya karuṇāpaññāpariggahitāya majjhimāya paṭipattiyā pakāsanato sugatasaddassa. Itarehi sammāsambodhiyā padhānappadhānabhedaṃ payojanaṃ dasseti. Saṃsāramahoghato sattasantāraṇañhettha padhānaṃ payojanaṃ, tadaññamappadhānaṃ. Tesu padhānena parahitappaṭipattiṃ dasseti, itarena attahitasampattiṃ. Tadubhayena attahitāya paṭipannādīsu catūsu puggalesu bhagavato catutthapuggalabhāvaṃ dasseti. Tena ca anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ uttamavandaneyyabhāvaṃ attano ca vandanakiriyāya khettaṅgatabhāvaṃ dasseti.
Ettha ca karuṇāgahaṇena lokiyesu mahaggatabhāvappattāsādhāraṇaguṇadīpanato bhagavato sabbalokiyaguṇasampatti dassitā hoti, paññāgahaṇena sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānamaggañāṇadīpanato sabbalokuttaraguṇasampatti. Tadubhayaggahaṇasiddho hi attho ‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’ntiādinā papañcīyatīti. Karuṇāgahaṇena ca upagamanaṃ nirupakkilesaṃ dasseti, paññāgahaṇena apagamanaṃ. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena lokasamaññānurūpaṃ bhagavato pavattiṃ dasseti lokavohāravisayattā karuṇāya, paññāgahaṇena samaññāya anatidhāvanaṃ. Sabhāvānavabodhena hi dhammānaṃ samaññaṃ atidhāvitvā sattādiparāmasanaṃ hotīti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattivihāraṃ dasseti, paññāgahaṇena tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇaṃ catusaccañāṇaṃ, catupaṭisambhidāñāṇaṃ, catuvesārajjañāṇaṃ. Karuṇāgahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇassa gahitattā sesāsādhāraṇañāṇāni, cha abhiññā, aṭṭhasu parisāsu akampanañāṇāni, dasa balāni, cuddasa buddhañāṇāni, soḷasa ñāṇacariyā, aṭṭhārasa buddhadhammā, catucattālīsa ñāṇavatthūni, sattasattati ñāṇavatthūnīti evamādīnaṃ anekesaṃ paññāpabhedānaṃ vasena ñāṇacāraṃ dasseti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena caraṇasampattiṃ, paññāgahaṇena vijjāsampattiṃ. Karuṇāgahaṇena attādhipatitā, paññāgahaṇena dhammādhipatitā. Karuṇāgahaṇena lokanāthabhāvo, paññāgahaṇena attanāthabhāvo. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena pubbakāribhāvo, paññāgahaṇena kataññutā. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena aparantapatā, paññāgahaṇena anattantapatā. Karuṇāgahaṇena vā buddhakaradhammasiddhi, paññāgahaṇena buddhabhāvasiddhi. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena paresaṃ tāraṇaṃ, paññāgahaṇena sayaṃtaraṇaṃ. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena sabbasattesu anuggahacittatā, paññāgahaṇena sabbadhammesu virattacittatā dassitā hoti.
Sabbesañca buddhaguṇānaṃ karuṇā ādi tannidānabhāvato, paññā pariyosānaṃ tato uttarikaraṇīyābhāvato. Iti ādipariyosānadassanena sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena sīlakkhandhapubbaṅgamo samādhikkhandho dassito hoti. Karuṇānidānañhi sīlaṃ tato pāṇātipātādiviratippavattito, sā ca jhānattayasampayoginīti. Paññāvacanena paññākkhandho. Sīlañca sabbesaṃ buddhaguṇānaṃ ādi, samādhi majjhe, paññā pariyosānanti evampi ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇā sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti nayato dassitattā. Eso eva hi niravasesato buddhaguṇānaṃ dassanupāyo, yadidaṃ nayaggahaṇaṃ, aññathā ko nāma samattho bhagavato guṇe anupadaṃ niravasesato dassetuṃ? Tenevāha –
‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,
Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;
Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,
Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.425; udā. aṭṭha. 53; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 4.4; apa. aṭṭha. 2.7.parappasādakattheraapadānavaṇṇanā);
Teneva ca āyasmatā sāriputtattherenapi buddhaguṇaparicchedanaṃ pati anuyuttena ‘‘no hetaṃ, bhante’’ti paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘apica me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito’’ti vuttaṃ.
2緬 1.13已對照

二、如是以一切知者的全部功德略贊世尊之後,如今為讚歎正法而說了「佛陀也是」等語。此中,「佛陀」是作者之舉示;「佛的境界」是業之舉示;「修習了」「現證了」是前時動作之舉示;「凡」是不限定的業之舉示;「趣得」是後時動作之舉示;「[我]禮敬」是動作之舉示;「那」是限定;「法」是禮敬之業的舉示;而「離垢的」「無上的」是它的限定語。

此中,「佛陀」一語之義應先依「覺了諸諦故為佛陀,令眾生覺悟故為佛陀」等《義釋》之法(《大義釋》192;《小義釋》〈彼岸道讚歎偈釋〉97;《無礙解道》1.162)而知。或者,由於連同習氣的無智之睡眠畢竟離去,或由於覺慧已開敷,[故]「已覺(buddhavā)」故為「佛陀」——是依醒覺與開敷之義[而言]。或者,由於沒有任何未被覺了的所知法,[故]不以業之性取某一特定的所知;由於沒有說業[語]的意欲,唯依覺了之義而得作者之舉示,[故]「已覺」故為「佛陀」——如「受灌頂者不施」[之例]。而依義,「佛陀」[即]那為諸波羅蜜所燻修的、以自生智連同習氣破除摧毀了無餘煩惱的、作為大悲與一切知智等不可計量功德之聚的所依的蘊相續。如所說——

「『佛陀』者:那位世尊是自生者(sayambhū)、無阿闍梨者,於先前未曾聽聞的諸法中自己現觀了諸諦,並於其中證得一切知性與於諸力的自在之性。」(《大義釋》192;《小義釋》〈彼岸道讚頌偈解說〉97;《無礙解道》1.161)

「也(api)」一語是於推重;以它闡明對所將說的諸功德法的推重——[意謂]「連那位具足如是殊勝功德的世尊也[尚須如此]」。「佛的境界」者:即正等正覺。「修習了」者:即令生起、並令增長。「現證了」者:即作為現量。「趣得」者:即已達,義即已證得;它與「佛的境界」相關聯。「離垢的」者:即垢已離去,義即無過失。「[我]禮敬」者:即我敬禮,或我讚歎。「無上的」者:即無有更上者,義即出世間。「法」者:使如所教導而行道者不墮於惡趣與輪迴而執持之,故為「法(dhamma)」。而此中略義如是——如是具足種種功德之聚的佛陀世尊,修習了那稱為聖道的法、而現證了果與涅槃,[從而]證得了無上正等正覺;我敬禮如是的那法——[它]連對諸佛也是佛的境界之因,離於一切過失與垢,由於沒有比自己更上者而為無上——[即]通達正法。應知此處也攝取了教理正法,因為[它]是那[通達正法]的顯示者。

或者,由於義注中說了「[他]證得了阿毗達摩法門之海,觸察了三藏」,故教理法也可得「現證」與「觸察」的說法;應知它[教理法]於此處也確已被說到。同樣,由於說了「修習了、現證了那法」,應知連同那作為諸佛所作之法的諸波羅蜜,前分的增上戒學等也於此處被「法」一語攝取——因為它們也由對立品已離去而「離垢」,由不共他者而「無上」。正因如此:世尊為使眾生出離一切輪轉之苦而作了大發願,[其]意樂以大悲之安忍而柔善;以恭敬、無間地修習並現證那些為殊勝之慧所淨化而無垢的、布施、調伏、律儀等最上之法——[歷時]十萬[劫]以上的四阿僧祇劫,無有餘剩——[從而]於業等證得自在之性,[其]大威力希奇難思,於增上戒與增上心達到了最極的波羅蜜;[如是]於緣之行相以二十四俱胝十萬之門運轉大金剛智,現觀了無上正等正覺。

而此中,以「修習了」是依明成就讚歎法,以「現證了」是依解脫(vimutti)成就[讚歎]。同樣,以第一[語]依禪成就,以第二[語]依解脫(vimokkha)成就。或者以第一[語]依定成就,以第二[語]依等至成就。或者以第一[語]依盡智之性,以第二[語]依無生智之性。或者以第一[語]依如電之性,以第二[語]依如金剛之性。或者以前[語]依離貪成就,以第二[語]依滅成就。同樣,以第一[語]依出離(niyyāna)之性,以第二[語]依出脫(nissaraṇa)之性。或者以第一[語]依因之性,以第二[語]依無為之性。或者以第一[語]依見之性,以第二[語]依離之性。或者以第一[語]依增上之性,以第二[語]依不死之性讚歎法。或者,以「修習了那法而趣得佛的境界」是依善說之性讚歎法;以「現證了」[則依]現見之性。同樣,以前[語]依無時之性,以後[語]依來見之性。或者以前[語]依引導之性,以後[語]依各自應證知之性讚歎法。以「離垢的」,由闡明無有雜染而顯示法的遍淨性;以「無上的」,由闡明無有其他更殊勝者而[顯示其]廣大圓滿性。或者以第一[語]顯示法的斷成就,以第二[語][顯示]出處成就。或者,法的「離垢」之性應就其應被修習[而言]來配合——因為由修習之德,它便是諸過失的根除者;「無上」之性應就其應被現證[而言]來配合——因為由現證之生起,在它之上無有應作,[且]不共他者,故為「無上」。同樣,以「修習了」,連同前分的戒等,有學的戒、定、慧三蘊被顯示;以「現證了」,連同無為界,無學的戒、定、慧三蘊被顯示。

2. Evaṃ saṅkhepena sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavitvā idāni saddhammaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘buddhopī’’tiādimāha. Tattha buddhoti kattuniddeso. Buddhabhāvanti kammaniddeso. Bhāvetvā sacchikatvāti ca pubbakālakiriyāniddeso. Yanti aniyamato kammaniddeso. Upagatoti aparakālakiriyāniddeso. Vandeti kiriyāniddeso. Tanti niyamanaṃ. Dhammanti vandanakiriyāya kammaniddeso. Gatamalaṃ anuttaranti ca tabbisesanaṃ.
Tattha buddhasaddassa tāva ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’tiādinā (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddeso 97; paṭi. ma. 1.162) niddesanayena attho veditabbo. Atha vā savāsanāya aññāṇaniddāya accantavigamato, buddhiyā vā vikasitabhāvato buddhavāti buddho jāgaraṇavikasanatthavasena. Atha vā kassacipi ñeyyadhammassa anavabuddhassa abhāvena ñeyyavisesassa kammabhāvena aggahaṇato kammavacanicchāya abhāvena avagamanatthavaseneva kattuniddeso labbhatīti buddhavāti buddho yathā ‘‘dikkhito na dadātī’’ti. Atthato pana pāramitāparibhāvito sayambhuñāṇena saha vāsanāya vihataviddhaṃsitaniravasesakileso mahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādiaparimeyyaguṇagaṇādhāro khandhasantāno buddho. Yathāha –
‘‘Buddhoti yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto balesu ca vasībhāva’’nti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddeso 97; paṭi. ma. 1.161).
Api-saddo sambhāvane. Tena ‘‘evaṃ guṇavisesayutto sopi nāma bhagavā’’ti vakkhamānaguṇadhamme sambhāvanaṃ dīpeti. Buddhabhāvanti sammāsambodhiṃ. Bhāvetvāti uppādetvā vaḍḍhetvā ca. Sacchikatvāti paccakkhaṃ katvā. Upagatoti patto, adhigatoti attho. Etassa buddhabhāvanti etena sambandho. Gatamalanti vigatamalaṃ, niddosanti attho. Vandeti paṇamāmi, thomemi vā. Anuttaranti uttararahitaṃ, lokuttaranti attho. Dhammanti yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne apāyato ca saṃsārato ca apatamāne katvā dhāretīti dhammo. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – evaṃ vividhaguṇagaṇasamannāgato buddhopi bhagavā yaṃ ariyamaggasaṅkhātaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā, phalanibbānaṃ pana sacchikatvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ adhigato, tamevaṃ buddhānampi buddhabhāvahetubhūtaṃ sabbadosamalarahitaṃ attano uttaritarābhāvena anuttaraṃ paṭivedhasaddhammaṃ namāmīti. Pariyattisaddhammassapi tappakāsanattā idha saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo.
Atha vā ‘‘abhidhammanayasamuddaṃ adhigañchi, tīṇi piṭakāni sammasī’’ti ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttattā pariyattidhammassapi sacchikiriyāsammasanapariyāyo labbhatīti sopi idha vutto evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā ‘‘yaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā sacchikatvā’’ti ca vuttattā buddhakaradhammabhūtāhi pāramitāhi saha pubbabhāge adhisīlasikkhādayopi idha dhammasaddena saṅgahitāti veditabbā. Tāpi hi vigatappaṭipakkhatāya gatamalā, anaññasādhāraṇatāya anuttarā cāti. Tathā hi sattānaṃ sakalavaṭṭadukkhanissaraṇāya katamahābhinīhāro mahākaruṇādhivāsanapesalajjhāsayo paññāvisesapariyodātanimmalānaṃ dānadamasaññamādīnaṃ uttamadhammānaṃ satasahassādhikāni kappānaṃ cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ niravasesānaṃ bhāvanāpaccakkhakaraṇehi kammādīsu adhigatavasībhāvo acchariyācinteyyamahānubhāvo adhisīlaadhicittānaṃ paramukkaṃsapāramippatto bhagavā paccayākāre catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassamukhena mahāvajirañāṇaṃ pesetvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti.
Ettha ca ‘‘bhāvetvā’’ti etena vijjāsampadāya dhammaṃ thometi, ‘‘sacchikatvā’’ti etena vimuttisampadāya. Tathā paṭhamena jhānasampadāya, dutiyena vimokkhasampadāya. Paṭhamena vā samādhisampadāya, dutiyena samāpattisampadāya. Atha vā paṭhamena khayañāṇabhāvena, dutiyena anuppādañāṇabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā vijjūpamatāya, dutiyena vajirūpamatāya. Purimena vā virāgasampattiyā, dutiyena nirodhasampattiyā. Tathā paṭhamena niyyānabhāvena, dutiyena nissaraṇabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā hetubhāvena, dutiyena asaṅkhatabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā dassanabhāvena, dutiyena vivekabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā adhipatibhāvena, dutiyena amatabhāvena dhammaṃ thometi. Atha vā ‘‘yaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā buddhabhāvaṃ upagato’’ti etena svākkhātatāya dhammaṃ thometi, ‘‘sacchikatvā’’ti etena sandiṭṭhikatāya. Tathā purimena akālikatāya, pacchimena ehipassikatāya. Purimena vā opaneyyikatāya, pacchimena paccattaṃ veditabbatāya dhammaṃ thometi. ‘‘Gatamala’’nti iminā saṃkilesābhāvadīpanena dhammassa parisuddhataṃ dasseti, ‘‘anuttara’’nti etena aññassa visiṭṭhassa abhāvadīpanena vipulaparipuṇṇataṃ. Paṭhamena vā pahānasampadaṃ dhammassa dasseti, dutiyena pabhavasampadaṃ. Bhāvetabbatāya vā dhammassa gatamalabhāvo yojetabbo. Bhāvanāguṇena hi so dosānaṃ samugghātako hotīti. Sacchikātabbabhāvena anuttarabhāvo yojetabbo. Sacchikiriyānibbattito hi taduttarikaraṇīyābhāvato anaññasādhāraṇatāya anuttaroti. Tathā ‘‘bhāvetvā’’ti etena saha pubbabhāgasīlādīhi sekkhā sīlasamādhipaññākkhandhā dassitā honti. ‘‘Sacchikatvā’’ti etena saha asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā asekkhā sīlasamādhipaññākkhandhā dassitā hontīti.
3緬 1.15已對照

三、如是以法的一切功德略贊正法之後,如今為讚歎聖僧團而說了「善逝的」等語。此中,「善逝的」是關聯之舉示,它與「他的諸子」相關聯。「諸胸生[之子]」是「諸子」的限定語。「破魔軍者」是胸生子之性的因之舉示;以此顯示:[阿闍梨]承認唯斷煩惱才是[成為]世尊胸生子之性的因。「八[輩]」是算數限定之舉示;以此顯示:縱然他們依眾生之差別有數十萬之數,[卻]不超越這一算數限定——因為[他們]不超越住道者與住果者之性。「聚」是總集之舉示。「聖僧團」是德殊勝之和合之性的舉示;以此顯示:縱然諸聖人沒有身的和合,[仍]有聖僧團之性——因為[他們]由見與戒的共同而結合。

此中,在胸中有、[即]生、且與[胸]相連者,為「諸胸生[之子]」。正如眾生的胸生子由自己所生,特別地成為父親所有之遺產的分受者;同樣,這些聖人也由於在聞正等正覺者[之法]的末後以聖生而生,[故]必定成為世尊所有之解脫樂、聖法之寶的分受者——[故]如胸生子而為「諸胸生[之子]」。或者,那些由世尊說法之威力而正入與已入聖地的聖弟子,由於[其]高貴之生是由世尊胸中的精勤所生,[故]不依引申義即應被稱為「胸生子」。因為縱由諸弟子所轉起的說法,也正被稱為「世尊的說法」——由於以他為根本,且無有相等的差別。

雖然在諸聖弟子證得聖道之時,天子魔或魔軍並不像[對]世尊那樣必定為作障礙而來擾逼;然而由於[煩惱這一]應被它們擾逼的因已被破除,那些[魔]也就名為已被破除——[故阿闍梨]說「破魔軍者」。而於此義中,本應說「破魔與魔軍者」,[卻]說「破魔軍者」——應知這是作了「同一部分的餘一(ekadesasarūpekaseso)」。或者,正如蘊魔與行魔,天子魔也在殺害功德上趣得助伴之性;[故]煩惱的軍力被稱為「軍」。如所說「諸欲是你的第一軍」等(《經集》438;《大義釋》28、68、149)。而那有一千五百種差別、或無量差別的煩惱軍,已被他們以念、擇法、精進、止等功德之兵器分分地破除、擊破、摧毀——[故]為「破魔軍者」,[即]諸聖弟子。以此顯示他們是世尊的隨生子。

依語源之法:由於遠離諸煩惱,由於不行於非道,又由於行於道,[故為]「諸聖者(ariyā)」。或者,由於為含天之世間當作「歸依處」而應趣往、應親近,且已親近者[之]所求之義得成,[故為]「諸聖者」;是諸聖者的僧團,故為「聖僧團」;或者,是聖的而又是僧團,故為「聖僧團」;[禮敬]那「聖僧團」。應知:在世尊[滅度]之後分,連佛寶與法寶的證得也依於僧寶;[故]為顯示此聖僧團有多所助益,才唯在此處說了「我以頭禮敬」。

而此中,以「善逝的諸胸生之子」顯示聖僧團的出處成就;以「破魔軍者」[顯示]斷成就——由闡明斷一切雜染;以「那八[輩]之聚」[顯示]智成就——由闡明住道者與住果者之性;以「聖僧團」顯示出處成就——由闡明[它]是一切僧團中的最上者。或者,「善逝的諸胸生之子」是闡明聖僧團的清淨所依之性;「破魔軍者」是闡明[其]正行道、正直行道、如理行道、正當行道之性;「那八[輩]之聚」是闡明[其]應供養等之性;「聖僧團」是闡明[其]無上福田之性。同樣,以「善逝的諸胸生之子」闡明聖僧團有出世間歸依之存在——因為由出世間歸依,他們才生為世尊的胸生子。以「破魔軍者」顯示由發願成就所成的、前分的正行道——因為已作發願而正行道者,能戰勝魔或魔眾。以「那八[輩]之聚」顯示那已摧毀對治品的有學與無學之法——因為[此處]是依人為所依而顯示道法與果法。「聖僧團」顯示[其]最上應施者之性。而歸依是諸弟子一切功德之初,連同前分行道的有學戒蘊等在中,無學戒蘊等是終;如是[以]初、中、後之善美,聖僧團的一切功德便略被顯示了。

3. Evaṃ saṅkhepeneva sabbadhammaguṇehi saddhammaṃ abhitthavitvā idāni ariyasaṅghaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘sugatassā’’tiādimāha. Tattha sugatassāti sambandhaniddeso. ‘‘Tassa puttāna’’nti etena sambandho. Orasānanti puttavisesanaṃ. Mārasenamathanānanti orasaputtabhāve kāraṇaniddeso tena kilesappahānameva bhagavato orasaputtabhāve kāraṇaṃ anujānātīti dasseti. Aṭṭhannanti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso. Tena ca satipi tesaṃ sattavisesabhāvena anekasatasahassabhāve imaṃ gaṇanaparicchedaṃ nātivattantīti dasseti maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhabhāvānativattanato. Samūhanti samudāyaniddeso. Ariyasaṅghanti guṇavisiṭṭhasaṃhatabhāvaniddeso. Tena asatipi ariyapuggalānaṃ kāyasāmaggiyaṃ ariyasaṅghabhāvaṃ dasseti diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatabhāvato.
Tattha urasi bhavā jātā saṃbaddhā ca orasā. Yathā hi sattānaṃ orasaputtā attajatāya pitu santakassa dāyajjassa visesena bhāgino honti, evametepi ariyapuggalā sammāsambuddhassa savanante ariyāya jātiyā jātatāya bhagavato santakassa vimuttisukhassa ariyadhammaratanassa ekantena bhāginoti orasā viya orasā. Atha vā bhagavato dhammadesanānubhāvena ariyabhūmiṃ okkamamānā okkantā ca ariyasāvakā bhagavato ure vāyāmajanitābhijātitāya nippariyāyena orasaputtāti vattabbataṃ arahanti. Sāvakehi pavattiyamānāpi hi dhammadesanā ‘‘bhagavato dhammadesanā’’icceva vuccati taṃmūlakattā lakkhaṇādivisesābhāvato ca.
Yadipi ariyasāvakānaṃ ariyamaggādhigamasamaye bhagavato viya tadantarāyakaraṇatthaṃ devaputtamāro, māravāhinī vā na ekantena apasādeti, tehi pana apasādetabbatāya kāraṇe vimathite tepi vimathitā eva nāma hontīti āha – ‘‘mārasenamathanāna’’nti. Imasmiṃ panatthe ‘‘māramārasenamathanāna’’nti vattabbe ‘‘mārasenamathanāna’’nti ekadesasarūpekaseso katoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā khandhābhisaṅkhāramārānaṃ viya devaputtamārassapi guṇamāraṇe sahāyabhāvūpagamanato kilesabalakāyo ‘‘senā’’ti vuccati. Yathāha – ‘‘kāmā te paṭhamā senā’’tiādi (su. ni. 438; mahāni. 28, 68, 149). Sā ca tehi diyaḍḍhasahassabhedā, anantabhedā vā kilesavāhinī satidhammavicayavīriyasamathādiguṇappaharaṇehi odhiso vimathitā vihatā viddhastā cāti mārasenamathanā, ariyasāvakā. Etena tesaṃ bhagavato anujātaputtataṃ dasseti.
Ārakattā kilesehi, anaye na iriyanato, aye ca iriyanato ariyā niruttinayena. Atha vā sadevakena lokena saraṇanti araṇīyato upagantabbato, upagatānañca tadatthasiddhito ariyā, ariyānaṃ saṅghoti ariyasaṅgho, ariyo ca so saṅgho cāti vā ariyasaṅgho, taṃ ariyasaṅghaṃ. Bhagavato aparabhāge buddhadhammaratanānampi samadhigamo saṅgharatanādhīnoti assa ariyasaṅghassa bahūpakārataṃ dassetuṃ idheva ‘‘sirasā vande’’ti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Ettha ca ‘‘sugatassa orasānaṃ puttāna’’nti etena ariyasaṅghassa pabhavasampadaṃ dasseti, ‘‘mārasenamathanāna’’nti etena pahānasampadaṃ sakalasaṃkilesappahānadīpanato. ‘‘Aṭṭhannampi samūha’’nti etena ñāṇasampadaṃ maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhabhāvadīpanato. ‘‘Ariyasaṅgha’’nti etena pabhavasampadaṃ dasseti sabbasaṅghānaṃ aggabhāvadīpanato. Atha vā ‘‘sugatassa orasānaṃ puttāna’’nti ariyasaṅghassa visuddhanissayabhāvadīpanaṃ, ‘‘mārasenamathanāna’’nti sammāujuñāyasāmīcippaṭipannabhāvadīpanaṃ, ‘‘aṭṭhannampi samūha’’nti āhuneyyādibhāvadīpanaṃ, ‘‘ariyasaṅgha’’nti anuttarapuññakkhettabhāvadīpanaṃ. Tathā ‘‘sugatassa orasānaṃ puttāna’’nti etena ariyasaṅghassa lokuttarasaraṇagamanasabbhāvaṃ dīpeti. Lokuttarasaraṇagamanena hi te bhagavato orasaputtā jātā. ‘‘Mārasenamathanāna’’nti etena abhinīhārasampadāsiddhaṃ pubbabhāge sammāpaṭipattiṃ dasseti. Katābhinīhārā hi sammāpaṭipannā māraṃ māraparisaṃ vā abhivijinanti. ‘‘Aṭṭhannampi samūha’’nti etena viddhastavipakkhe sekkhāsekkhadhamme dasseti puggalādhiṭṭhānena maggaphaladhammānaṃ pakāsitattā. ‘‘Ariyasaṅgha’’nti aggadakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ dasseti. Saraṇagamanañca sāvakānaṃ sabbaguṇānaṃ ādi, sapubbabhāgappaṭipadā sekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo majjhe, asekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo pariyosānanti ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇā saṅkhepato sabbe ariyasaṅghaguṇā pakāsitā honti.
4緬 1.17已對照

四、如是以三首偈、依略說一切功德之門作了三寶的敬禮之後,如今為把那敬禮之作迴向於如所意指的目的,[阿闍梨]說了「如是,由我」等語。此中,以能生喜之義為「寶(ratana)」,[即]佛、法、僧。因為以「彼世尊亦即是[阿羅漢]」等[語]憶念他們如實之德者,[心中]生起不少的、作為證得不死之因的喜與歡悅。如所說——

「摩訶男,當聖弟子隨念如來之時,他於那時心不為貪所纏縛,不為瞋……乃至……心不為痴所纏縛;他於那時心依如來而唯是正直的。摩訶男,心已正直的聖弟子獲得義喜(atthaveda),獲得法喜(dhammaveda),獲得與法相應的愉悅(pāmojja);已生愉悅者便生起喜」等(《增支部》6.10;11.11)。

或者,受尊重等之性[即]「寶」義。而這也已說過——

「受尊重、價值大,無與倫比、難得見;

非下劣眾生所受用——故稱為寶。」(《長部義注》2.33;《相應部義注》3.5.223;《小誦義注》6.3;《經集義注》1.226)

而受尊重之性等是不共他者的,唯於佛等[三寶]才可得。

禮敬本身[即]「由禮敬所成(vandanāmaya)」,如「由布施所成、由持戒所成」(《長部》3.305;《如是語》60)。而此處「禮敬」[即]以身、語、心傾向三寶之德,或[即]讚歎。由生起應受尊敬之性的果,[故為]「福(puñña)」;或者,[它]淨化自己的相續[故為「福」]。「障礙善除者」者:即障礙已被善除者。以此顯示:由自己淨信的成就與三寶田之性的成就,那福便有能力破除那些損害義之顯明的災禍。「成為」者:[這]是前時動作;它與「我將顯明[其]義」相關聯。「它的」者:即那由禮敬三寶所成的那份福的。「以威力」者:即以力。

4. Evaṃ gāthāttayena saṅkhepato sakalaguṇasaṃkittanamukhena ratanattayassa paṇāmaṃ katvā idāni taṃnipaccakāraṃ yathādhippete payojane pariṇāmento ‘‘iti me’’tiādimāha. Tattha ratijananaṭṭhena ratanaṃ, buddhadhammasaṅghā. Tesañhi ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinā yathābhūtaguṇe āvajjentassa amatādhigamahetubhūtaṃ anappakaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ uppajjati. Yathāha –
‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti tathāgataṃ ārabbha. Ujugatacitto kho pana, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyatī’’tiādi (a. ni. 6.10; 11.11).
Cittīkatādibhāvo vā ratanaṭṭho. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca, atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ;
Anomasattaparibhogaṃ, ratanaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.33; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.5.223; khu. pā. aṭṭha. 6.3; su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.226);
Cittīkatabhāvādayo ca anaññasādhāraṇā buddhādīsu eva labbhantīti.
Vandanāva vandanāmayaṃ yathā ‘‘dānamayaṃ, sīlamaya’’nti (dī. ni. 3.305; itivu. 60). Vandanā cettha kāyavācācittehi tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ guṇaninnatā, thomanā vā. Pujjabhāvaphalanibbattanato puññaṃ, attano santānaṃ punātīti vā. Suvihatantarāyoti suṭṭhu vihatantarāyo. Etena attano pasādasampattiyā, ratanattayassa ca khettabhāvasampattiyā taṃ puññaṃ atthappakāsanassa upaghātakaupaddavānaṃ vihanane samatthanti dasseti. Hutvāti pubbakālakiriyā. Tassa ‘‘atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti etena sambandho. Tassāti yaṃ ratanattayavandanāmayaṃ puññaṃ, tassa. Ānubhāvenāti balena.
5緬 1.18已對照

五、如是顯示了作三寶敬禮[之事]中的目的之後,如今為先依贊其功德而告知他所欲釋義的那一教說,[故]說了「以一[支]、二[支]等所莊嚴的」等語,義即:以將一[支]等諸支層層增上而宣說的諸經所莊嚴的、[即]卓越的。以此顯示:「增支(aṅguttara)」這[名]是此阿含的隨義之通稱。[設難:]依一[支]等而宣說的諸經本身豈不就是阿含嗎?那麼,以一[支]、二[支]等所莊嚴之性是誰的呢?——[通釋:]依勝義這是真的;然而阿含是取諸經而施設的。因為正如於義與文句之總集有「經」這一言說,同樣,於諸經之總集[便]有「阿含」這一言說。以一[支]等諸支層層增上、[即]更多,故為「增支(aṅguttara)」;自利、他利等將於其中、由它、或從它而來,故為「阿含(āgama)」;由初善等功德之成就而為最上之義,[並]由是彼彼所希求之成就之因,[故]為諸智者所應選取,故為「殊勝(vara)」;是阿含而又依最勝之義是殊勝,故為「殊勝的阿含」;或者,[它]為諸通曉阿含者所許為殊勝,故為「殊勝的阿含」。是增支而又是殊勝的阿含,故為「殊勝的《增支部》(aṅguttarāgamavara)」——[即]那[殊勝的《增支部》]的。

「諸牛王(puṅgavā)」被稱為公牛(usabha);由於以無所驚怖、堪忍危難、[對牛群的]守護等功德而與它相似,說法者本身即是牛王,故為「諸說法者中的牛王(dhammakathikapuṅgavā)」——[即]他們的。由於以因、喻等所莊嚴的種種說法理趣而多彩,[故為]「生起多彩辯才的」。而在《吉祥悅意》等(《長部義注》1〈序論〉;《中部義注》1〈序論〉;《相應部義注》1.1〈序論〉)中,則說「為佛與隨佛覺者所贊述的」。因為隨從諸佛對諦的通達而通達了諸諦的上首弟子等諸聖者,[即]「隨佛覺者」;這部阿含也正是為他們依義之贊述與功德之贊述而贊述的。或者,應配合為「諸佛與諸隨覺者[即]佛與隨佛覺者」。因為三藏之義的釋義次第正是由正等正覺者所說的——它被稱為「雜說(pakiṇṇakadesanā)」;諸阿闍梨說:從那[雜說]起,[其義]才正是依結集等方式由諸弟子[所釋]。而此處只以「能令諸說法者中的牛王生起多彩辯才的」作了讚歎。而這是阿闍梨於諸釋義中的常法:於彼彼釋義之初,以稱說彼彼所應釋義之法的殊勝功德而作讚歎。正因如此,在《吉祥悅意》(Sumaṅgalavilāsinī)、《妄衍破斥》(Papañcasūdanī)、《顯揚真義》(Sāratthappakāsinī)以及《法集論義注》(Aṭṭhasālinī)等[義注]中,依次以「[其]功德能引生淨信的」「能破斥他論的」「能生智之分別的」「那為諸深智所潛入的、常以種種法門而為種種的」等語作了讚歎。

5. Evaṃ ratanattayassa nipaccakārakaraṇe payojanaṃ dassetvā idāni yassā dhammadesanāya atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇetukāmo, tassā tāva guṇābhitthavanavasena upaññāpanatthaṃ ‘‘ekakadukādipaṭimaṇḍitassā’’tiādimāha, ekakādīni aṅgāni uparūpari vaḍḍhetvā desitehi suttantehi paṭimaṇḍitassa visiṭṭhassāti attho. Etena ‘‘aṅguttaro’’ti ayaṃ imassa āgamassa atthānugatā samaññāti dasseti. Nanu ca ekakādivasena desitāni suttāniyeva āgamo. Kassa pana ekakadukādīhi paṭimaṇḍitabhāvoti? Saccametaṃ paramatthato, suttāni pana upādāya paññatto āgamo. Yatheva hi atthabyañjanasamudāye suttanti vohāro, evaṃ suttasamudāye āgamoti vohāro. Ekakādīhi aṅgehi uparūpari uttaro adhikoti aṅguttaro, āgamissanti ettha, etena, etasmā vā attatthaparatthādayoti āgamo, ādikalyāṇādiguṇasampattiyā uttamaṭṭhena taṃtaṃabhipatthitasamiddhihetutāya paṇḍitehi varitabbato varo, āgamo ca so varo ca seṭṭhaṭṭhenāti āgamavaro, āgamasammatehi vā varoti āgamavaro. Aṅguttaro ca so āgamavaro cāti aṅguttarāgamavaro, tassa.
Puṅgavā vuccanti usabhā, asantasanaparissayasahanassa paripālanādiguṇehi taṃsadisatāya dhammakathikā eva puṅgavāti dhammakathikapuṅgavā, tesaṃ. Hetūpamādippaṭimaṇḍitanānāvidhadesanānayavicittatāya vicittapaṭibhānajananassa. Sumaṅgalavilāsinīādīsu (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.ganthārambhakathā) pana ‘‘buddhānubuddhasaṃvaṇṇitassā’’ti vuttaṃ. Buddhānañhi saccappaṭivedhaṃ anugamma paṭividdhasaccā aggasāvakādayo ariyā buddhānubuddhā. Ayampi āgamo tehi atthasaṃvaṇṇanāvasena guṇasaṃvaṇṇanāvasena ca saṃvaṇṇito eva. Atha vā buddhā ca anubuddhā ca buddhānubuddhāti yojetabbaṃ. Sammāsambuddheneva hi tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ atthavaṇṇanākkamo bhāsito, yā ‘‘pakiṇṇakadesanā’’ti vuccati. Tato saṅgāyanādivaseneva sāvakehīti ācariyā vadanti. Idha pana ‘‘dhammakathikapuṅgavānaṃ vicittapaṭibhānajananassa’’icceva thomanā katā. Saṃvaṇṇanāsu cāyaṃ ācariyassa pakati, yā taṃtaṃsaṃvaṇṇanāsu ādito tassa tassa saṃvaṇṇetabbassa dhammassa visesaguṇakittanena thomanā. Tathā hi sumaṅgalavilāsinīpapañcasūdanīsāratthappakāsanīsu aṭṭhasālinīādīsu ca yathākkamaṃ ‘‘saddhāvahaguṇassa, paravādamathanassa, ñāṇappabhedajananassa, tassa gambhīrañāṇehi ogāḷhassa abhiṇhaso nānānayavicittassā’’tiādinā thomanā katā.
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六、由它而義被說,故為「義之說(atthakathā)」;它本身即「義注(aṭṭhakathā)」——是把 ttha 音作成 ṭṭha 音[而成],如「苦的惱害義(dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho)」(《無礙解道》1.17;2.8)。「最初」等[句]中,[「最初」即]於第一次結集時。由於具足六神通之性與最上的心自在之性,又由於於諸禪等有五種自在之存在,[故為]「諸得自在者(vasī)」,[即]大迦葉(Mahākassapa)等諸長老;「五[個]他們之百」[即五百位]。「那」者:即那部義注。「所結集」者:即在適於顯明義之處,以「這是這[句]之義,這是這[句]之義」而結集起來所說的。「後來也被隨結集」[即]後來也於第二、第三次結集中由耶舍(Yasa)長老等[所隨結集]。以此顯示自己釋義的來處之清淨。

6. Attho kathīyati etāyāti atthakathā, sā eva aṭṭhakathā, ttha-kārassa ṭṭha-kāraṃ katvā yathā ‘‘dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.17; 2.8). Āditotiādimhi paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ. Chaḷabhiññatāya paramena cittavasībhāvena samannāgatattā jhānādīsu pañcavidhavasitāsabbhāvato ca vasino, therā mahākassapādayo, tesaṃ satehi pañcahi. Yāti yā aṭṭhakathā. Saṅgītāti atthaṃ pakāsetuṃ yuttaṭṭhāne ‘‘ayaṃ etassa attho, ayaṃ etassa attho’’ti saṅgahetvā vuttā. Anusaṅgītā ca yasattherādīhi pacchāpi dutiyatatiyasaṅgītīsu. Iminā attano saṃvaṇṇanāya āgamanavisuddhiṃ dasseti.
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七、由取、[即]由捕獅子,[故為]「師子[洲人](sīhaḷa)」,[即]師子童子。應知:由生於那世系,銅鍱洲(Tambapaṇṇidīpa)的諸剎帝利[有「師子」之性];又由是他們的住處,銅鍱洲也有「師子」之性。「帶到了」者:即從閻浮提被帶來。「而後」者:即後來。因為在後分,為不相混雜,[故]義注以師子洲語(sīhaḷabhāsā)安立了下來。以此顯示:由此根本義注不是一切[人]所共通的,故這一義之顯明必定應作。正因如此說「為諸洲住民的利益」。此中,「諸洲住民的」者:即諸閻浮提住民的;或者,「諸洲住民的」[即]諸師子洲(Sīhaḷadīpa)住民的——[其]配合[是]:為[他們的]利益而以師子洲語安立了下來。

7. Sīhassa lānato gahaṇato sīhaḷo, sīhakumāro. Taṃvaṃsajātatāya tambapaṇṇidīpe khattiyānaṃ, tesaṃ nivāsatāya tambapaṇṇidīpassa ca sīhaḷabhāvo veditabbo. Ābhatāti jambudīpato ānītā. Athāti pacchā. Aparabhāge hi asaṅkaratthaṃ sīhaḷabhāsāya aṭṭhakathā ṭhapitāti. Tena sā mūlaṭṭhakathā sabbasādhāraṇā na hotīti idaṃ atthappakāsanaṃ ekantena karaṇīyanti dasseti. Tenevāha – ‘‘dīpavāsīnamatthāyā’’ti. Tattha dīpavāsīnanti jambudīpavāsīnaṃ, dīpavāsīnanti vā sīhaḷadīpavāsīnaṃ atthāya sīhaḷabhāsāya ṭhapitāti yojanā.
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八、「除去」者:即除去那如外衣一般的師子洲語。「從那」者:即從義注。「我」[一語]是指自己;「悅意之語」[則]是摩揭陀語(māgadhabhāsā)——因為它是自性之語,能令諸智者之意歡悅。正因如此說「契合聖典(tanti)之法則」——義即順於聖典之趣、隨順聖典之風貌(pāḷicchāyā)的。「離於過失的」者:即離於非自性之語的他種語言。

8. Apanetvānāti kañcukasadisaṃ sīhaḷabhāsaṃapanetvāna. Tatoti aṭṭhakathāto. Ahanti attānaṃ niddisati. Manoramaṃ bhāsanti māgadhabhāsaṃ. Sā hi sabhāvaniruttibhūtā paṇḍitānaṃ manaṃ ramayatīti. Tenevāha – ‘‘tantinayānucchavika’’nti, pāḷigatiyā anulomikaṃ pāḷicchāyānuvidhāyininti attho. Vigatadosanti asabhāvaniruttibhāsantararahitaṃ.
9緬 1.20已對照

九、「不違背……的宗義」者:即不違逆宗義;以此說無有義之過失——因為正由於不相違,諸長老之說於此處也將被顯示。「長老世系的明燈」者:由於具足堅固的戒蘊等,[故為]「諸長老」,[即]大迦葉等;由他們而來的阿闍梨相承[即]「長老世系」;[他們]攝屬於它,由具足阿含與證得,[且]以慧燈令它光耀,[故為]「長老世系的明燈」,[即]住於大寺(Mahāvihāra)的諸長老——[即]那些[人]的。依種種行相而被決定,故為「抉擇(vinicchaya)」,[即]於諸結節之處以除障之行相而轉起的、能斷疑惑的論說;他們的抉擇善為精微、細緻,故為「抉擇極為精微者」。或者,[它]抉擇,故為「抉擇」,[即]以前面所說之義為境的智;他們的抉擇善為精微、善巧,故為「抉擇極為精微者」。以此顯示:住於大寺者的抉擇是由大迦葉等長老相承而來的,正由此而不顛倒、細緻、微細;[故]它有作為準量之性。

9. Samayaṃ avilomentoti siddhantaṃ avirodhento. Etena atthadosābhāvamāha. Aviruddhattā eva hi theravādāpi idha pakāsīyissanti. Theravaṃsadīpānanti thirehi sīlakkhandhādīhi samannāgatattā therā, mahākassapādayo, tehi āgatā ācariyaparamparā theravaṃso. Tappariyāpannā hutvā āgamādhigamasampannattā paññāpajjotena tassa samujjalanato theravaṃsadīpā, mahāvihāravāsino therā, tesaṃ. Vividhehi ākārehi nicchīyatīti vinicchayo, gaṇṭhiṭṭhānesu khīlamaddanākārena pavattā vimaticchedakathā. Suṭṭhu nipuṇo saṇho vinicchayo etesanti sunipuṇavinicchayā. Atha vā vinicchinotīti vinicchayo, yathāvuttatthavisayaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Suṭṭhu nipuṇo cheko vinicchayo etesanti sunipuṇavinicchayā. Etena mahākassapādittheraparamparābhato, tatoyeva ca aviparīto saṇhasukhumo mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vinicchayoti tassa pamāṇabhūtataṃ dasseti.
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十、「善人的……並(sujanassa ca)」者:「ca」一語是合集義;以它顯示「不唯為諸閻浮提住民的利益,而也是為令善人歡喜」。又以它,「也為諸銅鍱洲住民的利益」這一義便得成立——因為由受持等[變得]容易,對他們也多所助益。「為令[法]久住」者:即為久住之義,義即為長時之住立。因為這一義之顯明,由於是不顛倒地善安置句文與善引導義的方便,[故]導致正法的久住。而這是世尊所說的——

「諸比丘,有這兩種法導向正法的住立、不忘失、不隱沒。哪兩種[法]呢?善安置的句文與善引導的義。」(《增支部》2.21)

10. Sujanassa cāti ca-saddo sampiṇḍanattho. Tena ‘‘na kevalaṃ jambudīpavāsīnaṃyeva atthāya, atha kho sādhujanānaṃ tosanatthañcā’’ti dasseti. Tena ca ‘‘tambapaṇṇidīpavāsīnampi atthāyā’’ti ayamattho siddho hoti uggahaṇādisukaratāya tesampi bahūpakārattā. Ciraṭṭhitatthanti ciraṭṭhitiatthaṃ, cirakālāvaṭṭhānāyāti attho. Idañhi atthappakāsanaṃ aviparītabyañjanasunikkhepassa atthasunītassa ca upāyabhāvato saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitiyā saṃvattati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame dve? Sunikkhittañca padabyañjanaṃ, attho ca sunīto’’ti (a. ni. 2.21).
11–12緬 1.21已對照

十一至十二、為避免[阿闍梨]所欲作的義之釋義過於龐大,[故他]說了「舍衛城等」等語。正因如此[他]說「我在此也不再多作廣說了」,以及「在此[義注中]不再多加論究它」。此中,「《長部》」者:即《長部》尼柯耶(dīghanikāya)。「《中部》」者:即《中部》尼柯耶(majjhimanikāya)。「[那是]我在說二結集之義時[所作]」也是[一種]讀法;那裡的「二結集」,其義也應取為「《長部》與《中部》二尼柯耶」。「我(me)」是具格義的屬格,義即「由我(mayā)」。「sudaṃ」只是虛詞。應配合為:「前面我在說《長部》與《中部》之義時,對舍衛城等諸城所作的那解說,對它我在此不再多作廣說。」[其]關聯是:「以及在那裡以廣說的方式所說的那些故事,對那些[故事],我在此也不再多作廣說。」

11–1211-12. Yaṃ atthavaṇṇanaṃ katthukāmo, tassā mahantattaṃ pariharituṃ ‘‘sāvatthipabhūtīna’’ntiādimāha. Tenāha – ‘‘na idha vitthārakathaṃ karissāmi, na taṃ idha vicārayissāmī’’ti ca. Tattha dīghassāti dīghanikāyassa. Majjhimassāti majjhimanikāyassa. ‘‘Saṅgītīnaṃ dvinnaṃ yā me atthaṃ vadantenā’’tipi pāṭho. Tatthapi saṅgītīnaṃ dvinnanti dīghamajjhimanikāyānanti attho gahetabbo. Meti karaṇatthe sāmivacanaṃ, mayāti attho. Sudanti nipātamattaṃ. Heṭṭhā dīghassa majjhimassa ca atthaṃ vadantena sāvatthipabhutīnaṃ nagarānaṃ yā vaṇṇanā katā, tassā vitthārakathaṃ na idha bhiyyo karissāmīti yojetabbaṃ. Yāni ca tattha vatthūni vitthāravasena vuttāni, tesampi vitthārakathaṃ na idha bhiyyo karissāmīti sambandho.
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十三、如今為顯示「我在此也不再多作廣說了」[這一]通說之義的殊勝之處(pavara),[故]說了「然而諸經」等語。應配合為:「諸經之義中,凡不借諸故事便不得顯明者」。

13. Idāni ‘‘na idha vitthārakathaṃ karissāmī’’ti sāmaññato vuttassa atthassa pavaraṃ dassetuṃ – ‘‘suttānaṃ panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Suttānaṃ ye atthā vatthūhi vinā na pakāsantīti yojetabbaṃ.
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十四、[阿闍梨]為對諸講說者作教示——[即]「《清淨道論》(Visuddhimagga)也應作為他所欲作的那部義注的一部分而被取來」——[故]以「戒論」等語依總說而顯示那裡所論究的諸法。此中,「戒論」者:即依作持、止持等[分]對戒的廣論。「頭陀法(dhutadhamma)」者:即常乞食支等十三種振落煩惱之法。「一切業處」者:即聖典中所來的三十八種、義注中[所來的]二[種],[如是]無餘的、瑜伽之業[即]修習的轉起之處。「連同性行(cariyā)之分判」者:即連同對貪行者等的自性等之分判。而「禪與等至的廣說」中——「諸禪」[即]四色界禪,「諸等至」[即]四無色等至。或者,八[禪]中唯所已得者為「諸禪」,由證得入定自在之性[者]為「諸等至」。或者,「諸禪」[即]色界與無色界禪,「諸等至」[即]果等至與滅盡等至。

14. Yaṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ kattukāmo, tadekadesabhāvena visuddhimaggo ca gahetabboti kathikānaṃ upadesaṃ karonto tattha vicāritadhamme uddesavasena dasseti – ‘‘sīlakathā’’tiādinā. Tattha sīlakathāti cārittavārittādivasena sīlassa vitthārakathā. Dhutadhammāti piṇḍapātikaṅgādayo terasa kilesadhunanakadhammā. Kammaṭṭhānāni sabbānīti pāḷiyaṃ āgatāni aṭṭhatiṃsa, aṭṭhakathāyaṃ dveti niravasesāni yogakammassa bhāvanāya pavattiṭṭhānāni. Cariyāvidhānasahitoti rāgacaritādīnaṃ sabhāvādividhānena sahito. Jhānāni cattāri rūpāvacarajjhānāni, samāpattiyo catasso āruppasamāpattiyo. Aṭṭhapi vā paṭiladdhamattāni jhānāni samāpajjanavasībhāvappattiyā samāpattiyo. Jhānāni vā rūpārūpāvacarajjhānāni, samāpattiyo phalasamāpattinirodhasamāpattiyo.
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十五、「一切神通(abhiññā)」[即]有世間與出世間之別的六神通。依《分別論·智分別》等中所來之法,以一種等[分類]對慧作合計、總攝而後抉擇,[即]「慧的合計與抉擇」。

15. Lokiyalokuttarabhedā cha abhiññāyo sabbā abhiññāyo. Ñāṇavibhaṅgādīsu āgatanayena ekavidhādinā paññāya saṃkaletvā sampiṇḍetvā nicchayo paññāsaṅkalananicchayo.
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十六、因等諸緣法對諸緣生法而有因緣等之性,[即]「緣之行相(paccayākāra)」;它的教說[即]「緣之行相的教說」,義即緣起之論。而它由密集的分解(ghanavinibbhoga)極難為而細緻微細,[又]離於他部派之說的混雜,又[它]是連同一性之法門等而於那裡被論究的——[故阿闍梨]說「[其]理趣極清淨而精微」。由於是不捨棄《無礙解[道]》等中所來之法而被論究的,[故為]「不離聖典之道」。

16. Paccayadhammānaṃ hetuādīnaṃ paccayuppannadhammānaṃ hetupaccayādibhāvo paccayākāro, tassa desanā paccayākāradesanā, paṭiccasamuppādakathāti attho. Sā pana ghanavinibbhogassa sudukkaratāya saṇhasukhumā, nikāyantaraladdhisaṅkararahitā, ekattanayādisahitā ca tattha vicāritāti āha – ‘‘suparisuddhanipuṇanayā’’ti. Paṭisambhidādīsu āgatanayaṃ avissajjetvāva vicāritattā avimuttatantimaggā.
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十七、「然而這一切(iti pana sabbaṃ)」者:「iti」一語是於結束,「pana」一語是於語之莊嚴,義即「這一切」。「在此」者:即於這部義注[中],我不論究[它]——意趣[是]:由於會成重複。

17. Iti pana sabbanti iti-saddo parisamāpane, pana-saddo vacanālaṅkāre, etaṃ sabbanti attho. Idhāti imissā aṭṭhakathāya na vicārayissāmi punaruttibhāvatoti adhippāyo.
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十八、如今為決定說出不論究它的確定理由,[阿闍梨]說了「此《清淨道論》,正處於……之中央」等語。此中,以「正處於……之中央」「住[於其中]」[二語],由闡明[其]居中之性而顯示:《清淨道論》特別是四阿含的共通義注,不像《吉祥悅意》等是不共通的義注。而「特別」這[語]是因《清淨道論》對律與阿毗達摩也隨其所應正是義之釋義[這一點]而說的。

18. Idāni tasseva avicāraṇassa ekantakāraṇaṃ niddhārento ‘‘majjhe visuddhimaggo’’tiādimāha. Tattha ‘‘majjhe ṭhatvā’’ti etena majjhabhāvadīpanena visesato catunnaṃ āgamānaṃ sādhāraṇaṭṭhakathā visuddhimaggo, na sumaṅgalavilāsinīādayo viya asādhāraṇaṭṭhakathāti dasseti. ‘‘Visesato’’ti ca idaṃ vinayābhidhammānampi visuddhimaggo yathārahaṃ atthavaṇṇanā hoti evāti katvā vuttaṃ.
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十九、「正是這樣(icceva)」者:即「iti eva」。「它也」者:即《清淨道論》也。「連同這部[義注]」者:即[連同]《滿足希求》。而此中,以「[由得自在者馬哈瑪欣德]帶到了師子洲」等語顯示義之顯明的因相;以「為諸洲住民的利益,為令善人歡喜,併為令法久住」[一語顯示其]目的;以「我從那[義注]中除去師子洲語」等語,以及以「舍衛城等」等語,[顯示]作[義注]的方式——因為不論究那些在前面諸尼柯耶及《清淨道論》中已論究過的義,於此處也正是作[義注]的方式。

19. Iccevāti iti eva. Tampīti visuddhimaggampi. Etāyāti manorathapūraṇiyā. Ettha ca ‘‘sīhaḷadīpaṃ ābhatā’’tiādinā atthappakāsanassa nimittaṃ dasseti, ‘‘dīpavāsīnamatthāya sujanassa ca tuṭṭhatthaṃ ciraṭṭhitatthañca dhammassā’’ti etena payojanaṃ, apanetvāna tatohaṃ, sīhaḷabhāsa’’ntiādinā. ‘‘Sāvatthipabhutīna’’ntiādinā ca karaṇappakāraṃ. Heṭṭhimanikāyesu visuddhimagge ca vicāritānaṃ atthānaṃ avicāraṇampi hi idha karaṇappakāro evāti.
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序論釋義,終。

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.