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中部第40经 · 小马邑经 Cūḷaassapurasuttaṃ

本经目录十、小马邑经

已对照

十、小马邑经

10. Cūḷaassapurasuttaṃ
435PTS 1.281缅 1.349已对照

四三五、如是我闻:一时,世尊住在鸯伽国(Aṅga),[有]一座名叫马邑(Assapura)的鸯伽人市镇。世尊在那里对比丘们说:“诸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘回答世尊。世尊这样说——“诸比丘,人们认你们为‘沙门、沙门’。而你们被问‘你们是谁’时,也自认说‘我们是沙门’。诸比丘,你们既有这样的名称、有这样的自认,[就应当这样修学]——‘凡是沙门相宜之行道(samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadā),我们将行那[行道];如此,我们的这名称将成为真实的,[我们的]自认也将成为真确的;而我们所受用的衣、钵食、坐卧处、病缘药资具(cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāra),施者们的那些作为对我们将有大果报、大利益;我们的这出家也将不空过,而是有果、有增益的。’诸比丘,你们应当这样修学。

435. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā aṅgesu viharati assapuraṃ nāma aṅgānaṃ nigamo. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘samaṇā samaṇāti vo, bhikkhave, jano sañjānāti. Tumhe ca pana ‘ke tumhe’ti puṭṭhā samānā ‘samaṇāmhā’ti paṭijānātha. Tesaṃ vo, bhikkhave, evaṃsamaññānaṃ sataṃ evaṃpaṭiññānaṃ sataṃ – ‘yā samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadā taṃ paṭipajjissāma; evaṃ no ayaṃ amhākaṃ samaññā ca saccā bhavissati paṭiññā ca bhūtā; yesañca mayaṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paribhuñjāma, tesaṃ te kārā amhesu mahapphalā bhavissanti mahānisaṃsā, amhākañcevāyaṃ pabbajjā avañjhā bhavissati saphalā saudrayā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
436已对照

四三六、“诸比丘,而比丘如何是未行沙门相宜之行道呢?诸比丘,凡任何比丘,[若]贪欲者(abhijjhālu)的贪欲未断,心怀瞋恚者(byāpannacitta)的瞋恚未断,忿怒者(kodhana)的忿未断,怨恨者(upanāhī)的怨恨未断,覆蔑者(makkhī)的覆蔑未断,攀齐者(paḷāsī)的攀齐未断,嫉者(issukī)的嫉未断,悭者(maccharī)的悭未断,谄者(saṭha)的谄未断,诳者(māyāvī)的诳未断,恶欲者(pāpiccha)的恶欲未断,邪见者(micchādiṭṭhika)的邪见未断——诸比丘,由于未舍断这些沙门之垢(samaṇamala)、沙门之过(samaṇadosa)、沙门之糟(samaṇakasaṭa)、[这些]属恶趣的处(āpāyika ṭhāna)、感受恶趣[果]的[处],我说[他]‘未行沙门相宜之行道’。诸比丘,犹如名为‘死生(mataja)’的一类兵器,两面有刃,饮水[淬过]而善加磨砺;而那[兵器]是以鞘(saṅghāṭi)包覆、周匝缠裹的。诸比丘,我说这比丘的出家就以那[兵器]为喻。

436. ‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti? Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno abhijjhālussa abhijjhā appahīnā hoti, byāpannacittassa byāpādo appahīno hoti, kodhanassa kodho appahīno hoti, upanāhissa upanāho appahīno hoti, makkhissa makkho appahīno hoti, paḷāsissa paḷāso appahīno hoti, issukissa issā appahīnā hoti, maccharissa macchariyaṃ appahīnaṃ hoti, saṭhassa sāṭheyyaṃ appahīnaṃ hoti, māyāvissa māyā appahīnā hoti, pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā appahīnā hoti, micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi appahīnā hoti – imesaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, samaṇamalānaṃ samaṇadosānaṃ samaṇakasaṭānaṃ āpāyikānaṃ ṭhānānaṃ duggativedaniyānaṃ appahānā ‘na samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno’ti vadāmi. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, matajaṃ nāma āvudhajātaṃ ubhatodhāraṃ pītanisitaṃ. Tadassa saṅghāṭiyā sampārutaṃ sampaliveṭhitaṃ. Tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imassa bhikkhuno pabbajjaṃ vadāmi.
437PTS 1.282缅 1.350已对照

四三七、“诸比丘,我不说著僧伽梨者(saṅghāṭika)仅以持僧伽梨便有沙门性(sāmañña)。诸比丘,我不说裸行者(acelaka)仅以裸行便有沙门性。诸比丘,我不说著尘垢者(rajojallika)仅以著尘垢便有沙门性。诸比丘,我不说入水者(udakorohaka)仅以入水便有沙门性。诸比丘,我不说树下住者(rukkhamūlika)仅以住于树下便有沙门性。诸比丘,我不说露地住者(abbhokāsika)仅以住于露地便有沙门性。诸比丘,我不说常立者(ubbhaṭṭhaka)仅以常立便有沙门性。诸比丘,我不说定期食者(pariyāyabhattika)仅以定期而食便有沙门性。诸比丘,我不说诵咒者(mantajjhāyaka)仅以诵咒便有沙门性。诸比丘,我不说结发者(jaṭilaka)仅以持结发便有沙门性。

437. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, saṅghāṭikassa saṅghāṭidhāraṇamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, acelakassa acelakamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, rajojallikassa rajojallikamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, udakorohakassa udakorohaṇamattena [udakorohakamattena (sī. pī.)] sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, rukkhamūlikassa rukkhamūlikamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, abbhokāsikassa abbhokāsikamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ubbhaṭṭhakassa ubbhaṭṭhakamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, pariyāyabhattikassa pariyāyabhattikamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, mantajjhāyakassa mantajjhāyakamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, jaṭilakassa jaṭādhāraṇamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi.
已对照

“诸比丘,若著僧伽梨者仅以持僧伽梨,贪欲者的贪欲便能断除,心怀瞋恚者的瞋恚便能断除,忿怒者的忿便能断除,怨恨者的怨恨便能断除,覆蔑者的覆蔑便能断除,攀齐者的攀齐便能断除,嫉者的嫉便能断除,悭者的悭便能断除,谄者的谄便能断除,诳者的诳便能断除,恶欲者的恶欲便能断除,邪见者的邪见便能断除,那么他的朋友、同僚、亲族血亲便会在他一出生[时]就使他成为著僧伽梨者,[并]劝导[他]唯[取]著僧伽梨者之性——‘来吧,贤面者(bhadramukha),你成为著僧伽梨者吧;你成为著僧伽梨者后,仅以持僧伽梨,贪欲者的贪欲便将断除,心怀瞋恚者的瞋恚便将断除,忿怒者的忿便将断除,怨恨者的怨恨便将断除,覆蔑者的覆蔑便将断除,攀齐者的攀齐便将断除,嫉者的嫉便将断除,悭者的悭便将断除,谄者的谄便将断除,诳者的诳便将断除,恶欲者的恶欲便将断除,邪见者的邪见便将断除。’诸比丘,而由于我在此见到有些著僧伽梨者也是贪欲者、心怀瞋恚者、忿怒者、怨恨者、覆蔑者、攀齐者、嫉者、悭者、谄者、诳者、恶欲者、邪见者,所以我不说著僧伽梨者仅以持僧伽梨便有沙门性。

‘‘Saṅghāṭikassa ce, bhikkhave, saṅghāṭidhāraṇamattena abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīyetha, byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīyetha, kodhanassa kodho pahīyetha, upanāhissa upanāho pahīyetha, makkhissa makkho pahīyetha, paḷāsissa paḷāso pahīyetha, issukissa issā pahīyetha, maccharissa macchariyaṃ pahīyetha, saṭhassa sāṭheyyaṃ pahīyetha, māyāvissa māyā pahīyetha, pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā pahīyetha, micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi pahīyetha, tamenaṃ mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā jātameva naṃ saṅghāṭikaṃ kareyyuṃ, saṅghāṭikattameva [saṃghāṭīkatte ceva (ka.)] samādapeyyuṃ – ‘ehi tvaṃ, bhadramukha, saṅghāṭiko hohi, saṅghāṭikassa te sato saṅghāṭidhāraṇamattena abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīyissati, byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīyissati, kodhanassa kodho pahīyissati, upanāhissa upanāho pahīyissati, makkhissa makkho pahīyissati, paḷāsissa paḷāso pahīyissati, issukissa issā pahīyissati, maccharissa macchariyaṃ pahīyissati, saṭhassa sāṭheyyaṃ pahīyissati, māyāvissa māyā pahīyissati, pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā pahīyissati, micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi pahīyissatī’ti. Yasmā ca kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, saṅghāṭikampi idhekaccaṃ passāmi abhijjhāluṃ byāpannacittaṃ kodhanaṃ upanāhiṃ makkhiṃ paḷāsiṃ issukiṃ macchariṃ saṭhaṃ māyāviṃ pāpicchaṃ micchādiṭṭhikaṃ, tasmā na saṅghāṭikassa saṅghāṭidhāraṇamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi.
PTS 1.283缅 1.351已对照

“诸比丘,若裸行者……乃至……诸比丘,若著尘垢者……乃至……诸比丘,若入水者……乃至……诸比丘,若树下住者……乃至……诸比丘,若露地住者……乃至……诸比丘,若常立者……乃至……诸比丘,若定期食者……乃至……诸比丘,若诵咒者……乃至……诸比丘,若结发者仅以持结发,贪欲者的贪欲便能断除,心怀瞋恚者的瞋恚便能断除,忿怒者的忿便能断除,怨恨者的怨恨便能断除,覆蔑者的覆蔑便能断除,攀齐者的攀齐便能断除,嫉者的嫉便能断除,悭者的悭便能断除,谄者的谄便能断除,诳者的诳便能断除,恶欲者的恶欲便能断除,邪见者的邪见便能断除,那么他的朋友、同僚、亲族血亲便会在他一出生[时]就使他成为结发者,[并]劝导[他]唯[取]结发者之性——‘来吧,贤面者,你成为结发者吧;你成为结发者后,仅以持结发,贪欲者的贪欲便将断除,心怀瞋恚者的瞋恚便将断除,忿怒者的忿便将断除……乃至……恶欲者的恶欲便将断除,邪见者的邪见便将断除。’诸比丘,而由于我在此也见到有些结发者是贪欲者、心怀瞋恚者、忿怒者、怨恨者、覆蔑者、攀齐者、嫉者、悭者、谄者、诳者、恶欲者、邪见者,所以我不说结发者仅以持结发便有沙门性。

‘‘Acelakassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… rajojallikassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… udakorohakassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… rukkhamūlikassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… abbhokāsikassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… ubbhaṭṭhakassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… pariyāyabhattikassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… mantajjhāyakassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… jaṭilakassa ce, bhikkhave, jaṭādhāraṇamattena abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīyetha, byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīyetha, kodhanassa kodho pahīyetha, upanāhissa upanāho pahīyetha, makkhissa makkho pahīyetha, paḷāsissa paḷāso pahīyetha, issukissa issā pahīyetha, maccharissa macchariyaṃ pahīyetha, saṭhassa sāṭheyyaṃ pahīyetha, māyāvissa māyā pahīyetha, pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā pahīyetha, micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi pahīyetha, tamenaṃ mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā jātameva naṃ jaṭilakaṃ kareyyuṃ, jaṭilakattameva [jaṭilakatte ceva (ka.)] samādapeyyuṃ – ‘ehi tvaṃ, bhadramukha, jaṭilako hohi, jaṭilakassa te sato jaṭādhāraṇamattena abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīyissati byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīyissati, kodhanassa kodho pahīyissati…pe… pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā pahīyissati micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi pahīyissatī’ti. Yasmā ca kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, jaṭilakampi idhekaccaṃ passāmi abhijjhāluṃ byāpannacittaṃ kodhanaṃ upanāhiṃ makkhiṃ palāsiṃ issukiṃ macchariṃ saṭhaṃ māyāviṃ pāpicchaṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ, tasmā na jaṭilakassa jaṭādhāraṇamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi.
438缅 1.352已对照

四三八、“诸比丘,而比丘如何是已行沙门相宜之行道呢?诸比丘,凡任何比丘,[若]贪欲者(abhijjhālu)的贪欲已断,心怀瞋恚者(byāpannacitta)的瞋恚已断,忿怒者(kodhana)的忿已断,怨恨者(upanāhī)的怨恨已断,覆蔑者(makkhī)的覆蔑已断,攀齐者(paḷāsī)的攀齐已断,嫉者(issukī)的嫉已断,悭者(maccharī)的悭已断,谄者(saṭha)的谄已断,诳者(māyāvī)的诳已断,恶欲者(pāpiccha)的恶欲已断,邪见者(micchādiṭṭhika)的邪见已断——诸比丘,由于已舍断这些沙门之垢(samaṇamala)、沙门之过(samaṇadosa)、沙门之糟(samaṇakasaṭa)、[这些]属恶趣的处(āpāyika ṭhāna)、感受恶趣[果]的[处],我说[他]‘已行沙门相宜之行道’。他观见自己已从这一切恶不善法中清净。当他观见自己已从这一切恶不善法中清净时,愉悦生起;愉悦者,喜(pīti)生起;意有喜者,身轻安;身轻安者,感受乐(sukha);有乐者,心得定(samādhi)。

438. ‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti? Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīnā hoti, byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīno hoti, kodhanassa kodho pahīno hoti, upanāhissa upanāho pahīno hoti, makkhissa makkho pahīno hoti, paḷāsissa paḷāso pahīno hoti, issukissa issā pahīnā hoti, maccharissa macchariyaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, saṭhassa sāṭheyyaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, māyāvissa māyā pahīnā hoti, pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā pahīnā hoti, micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi pahīnā hoti – imesaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, samaṇamalānaṃ samaṇadosānaṃ samaṇakasaṭānaṃ āpāyikānaṃ ṭhānānaṃ duggativedaniyānaṃ pahānā ‘samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno’ti vadāmi. So sabbehi imehi pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi visuddhamattānaṃ samanupassati ( ) [(vimuttamattānaṃ samanupassati) (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)]. Tassa sabbehi imehi pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi visuddhamattānaṃ samanupassato ( ) [(vimuttamattānaṃ samanupassato) (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati.
PTS 1.284已对照

“他以与慈(mettā)俱的心遍满一方而住,第二[方]亦然,第三[方]亦然,第四[方]亦然。如是于上、下、四方,于一切处,以一切为己,以与慈俱的心,广(vipula)、大(mahaggata)、无量(appamāṇa)、无怨、无恼害,遍满一切世间而住。以与悲(karuṇā)俱的心……乃至……以与喜(muditā)俱的心……乃至……以与舍(upekkhā)俱的心遍满一方而住,第二[方]亦然,第三[方]亦然,第四[方]亦然。如是于上、下、四方,于一切处,以一切为己,以与舍俱的心,广、大、无量、无怨、无恼害,遍满一切世间而住。诸比丘,犹如有一莲池(pokkharaṇī),水清、水甘、水凉、[水]洁净,岸边好,可爱乐。若有人从东方而来,为暑热所炙、为暑热所迫,疲乏、焦渴、干渴;他来到那莲池,便除去对水的渴,除去暑热的热恼……乃至……若有人从西方而来……乃至……若有人从北方而来……乃至……若有人从南方而来;无论有人从何处而来,为暑热所炙、为暑热所迫,疲乏、焦渴、干渴,他来到那莲池,便除去对水的渴,除去暑热的热恼。诸比丘,正是这样,纵是从刹帝利族从家出家、成为无家者,他来到如来所宣说的法与律,这样修习慈、悲、喜、舍,便得到内在的寂止;由于内在的寂止,我说[他]‘已行沙门相宜之行道’。纵是从婆罗门族……乃至……纵是从吠舍族……乃至……纵是从首陀罗族……乃至……无论是从任何族从家出家、成为无家者,他来到如来所宣说的法与律,这样修习慈、悲、喜、舍,便得到内在的寂止;由于内在的寂止,我说[他]‘已行沙门相宜之行道’。

‘‘So mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā…pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā…pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, pokkharaṇī acchodakā sātodakā sītodakā setakā supatitthā ramaṇīyā. Puratthimāya cepi disāya puriso āgaccheyya ghammābhitatto ghammapareto kilanto tasito pipāsito. So taṃ pokkharaṇiṃ āgamma vineyya udakapipāsaṃ vineyya ghammapariḷāhaṃ…pe… pacchimāya cepi disāya puriso āgaccheyya…pe… uttarāya cepi disāya puriso āgaccheyya…pe… dakkhiṇāya cepi disāya puriso āgaccheyya. Yato kuto cepi naṃ puriso āgaccheyya ghammābhitatto ghammapareto, kilanto tasito pipāsito. So taṃ pokkharaṇiṃ āgamma vineyya udakapipāsaṃ, vineyya ghammapariḷāhaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, khattiyakulā cepi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti, so ca tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ āgamma, evaṃ mettaṃ karuṇaṃ muditaṃ upekkhaṃ bhāvetvā labhati ajjhattaṃ [tamahaṃ (ka.)] vūpasamaṃ [tamahaṃ (ka.)]. Ajjhattaṃ vūpasamā ‘samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno’ti vadāmi. Brāhmaṇakulā cepi…pe… vessakulā cepi…pe… suddakulā cepi…pe… yasmā kasmā cepi kulā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti, so ca tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ āgamma, evaṃ mettaṃ karuṇaṃ muditaṃ upekkhaṃ bhāvetvā labhati ajjhattaṃ vūpasamaṃ. Ajjhattaṃ vūpasamā ‘samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno’ti vadāmi.
缅 1.353已对照

“纵是从刹帝利族从家出家、成为无家者,他由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住;由诸漏的灭尽而成为沙门。纵是从婆罗门族……乃至……纵是从吠舍族……纵是从首陀罗族……乃至……无论是从任何族从家出家、成为无家者,他由于诸漏的灭尽,就在现法中自己以证智证知无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,成就并住;由诸漏的灭尽而成为沙门。”

‘‘Khattiyakulā cepi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti. So ca āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Āsavānaṃ khayā samaṇo hoti. Brāhmaṇakulā cepi…pe… vessakulā cepi… suddakulā cepi… yasmā kasmā cepi kulā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti, so ca āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Āsavānaṃ khayā samaṇo hotī’’ti.
已对照

世尊说了这[些话]。那些比丘满意、欢喜世尊之所说。

Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
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《小马邑经》终,第十[经]。

Cūḷaassapurasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dasamaṃ.
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《大双品》终,第四[品]。

Mahāyamakavaggo niṭṭhito catuttho.
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其摄颂为——

Tassuddānaṃ –
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砖堂与娑罗林,[牛群之]照管,具慧者,再度折伏萨遮迦;

Giñjakasālavanaṃ pariharituṃ, paññavato puna saccakanisedho;
已对照

面色之净悦,与帝释,渔夫[之子]、马邑与结发者。

Mukhavaṇṇapasīdanatāpindo, kevaṭṭaassapurajaṭilena.
5. Cūḷayamakavaggo