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中部第34经 · 小牧牛者经 Cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ

本经目录四、《小牧牛者经》

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四、《小牧牛者经》

4. Cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ
350PTS 1.225已对照

三五〇、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在跋耆国(Vajjī)的郁伽支罗(Ukkacelā),在恒河(Gaṅgā)岸边。在那里,世尊召唤诸比丘:“诸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘应诺世尊。世尊这样说——

350. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vajjīsu viharati ukkacelāyaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
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“诸比丘,从前有一个摩揭陀(Magadha)的牧牛者,生性劣慧,在雨季最后一月的秋时,既不察看恒河的此岸,也不察看彼岸,就从非渡处使牛渡向北岸、苏毗提诃(Suvideha)人[之地]。诸比丘,于是那些牛在恒河的水流中央结成圆团,就在那里遭遇了衰败与毁灭。这是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为那个摩揭陀的牧牛者生性劣慧,在雨季最后一月的秋时,既不察看恒河的此岸,也不察看彼岸,就从非渡处使牛渡向北岸、苏毗提诃人[之地]。诸比丘,正是这样:凡是那些沙门或婆罗门,对此世不善巧、对他世不善巧,对魔的领域不善巧、对非魔的领域不善巧,对死的领域不善巧、对非死的领域不善巧——那些以为他们[的话]应听、应信的人,这于他们将长夜带来不利、带来苦。

‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako duppaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, asamavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, asamavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, atittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, gāvo majjhegaṅgāya nadiyā sote āmaṇḍaliyaṃ karitvā tattheva anayabyasanaṃ āpajjiṃsu. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako duppaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, asamavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, asamavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, atittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci [ye keci (syā. kaṃ.)] samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā akusalā imassa lokassa akusalā parassa lokassa, akusalā māradheyyassa akusalā amāradheyyassa, akusalā maccudheyyassa akusalā amaccudheyyassa, tesaṃ ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
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三五一、“诸比丘,从前有一个摩揭陀的牧牛者,生性具慧,在雨季最后一月的秋时,既察看了恒河的此岸,也察看了彼岸,就从渡处使牛渡向北岸、苏毗提诃人[之地]。他先使那些为牛之父、为牛群导首的牛王渡过;它们横断恒河的水流,安稳地到达了彼岸。然后又使强壮的牛与可调驯的牛渡过;它们也横断恒河的水流,安稳地到达了彼岸。然后又使小公牛、小母牛渡过;它们也横断恒河的水流,安稳地到达了彼岸。然后又使瘦弱的小牛犊渡过;它们也横断恒河的水流,安稳地到达了彼岸。诸比丘,从前还有一头当天才出生的幼小牛犊,被母牛的哞声所引而行,它也横断恒河的水流,安稳地到达了彼岸。这是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为那个摩揭陀的牧牛者生性具慧,在雨季最后一月的秋时,既察看了恒河的此岸,也察看了彼岸,就从渡处使牛渡向北岸、苏毗提诃人[之地]。诸比丘,正是这样:凡是那些沙门或婆罗门,对此世善巧、对他世善巧,对魔的领域善巧、对非魔的领域善巧,对死的领域善巧、对非死的领域善巧——那些以为他们[的话]应听、应信的人,这于他们将长夜带来利益、带来安乐。

351. ‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako sappaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, samavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, samavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, tittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. So paṭhamaṃ patāresi ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā. Te tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi balavagāvo dammagāvo. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi vacchatare vacchatariyo. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi vacchake kisābalake [kisabalake (sī. syā. pī.)]. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, vacchako taruṇako tāvadeva jātako mātugoravakena vuyhamāno, sopi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamāsi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako sappaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, samavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, samavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, tittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā kusalā imassa lokassa kusalā parassa lokassa, kusalā māradheyyassa kusalā amāradheyyassa, kusalā maccudheyyassa kusalā amaccudheyyassa, tesaṃ ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.
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三五二、“诸比丘,犹如那些为牛之父、为牛群导首的牛王横断恒河的水流,安稳地到达了彼岸;诸比丘,正是这样:那些已是阿罗汉、诸漏已尽、已住毕[梵行]、所作已作、已放下担、已达自己的目标、有之系缚已遍尽、以正智而解脱的比丘,他们[已]横断魔的水流,安稳地到达了彼岸。

352. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññā vimuttā, te tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gatā.
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“诸比丘,犹如那些强壮的牛与可调驯的牛横断恒河的水流,安稳地到达了彼岸;诸比丘,正是这样:那些以五下分结的遍尽而为化生者、将在那里般涅槃、是不再从那世间还来之法者的比丘,他们也将横断魔的水流,安稳地到达彼岸。

‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, balavagāvo dammagāvo tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
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“诸比丘,犹如那些小公牛、小母牛横断恒河的水流,安稳地到达了彼岸;诸比丘,正是这样:那些以三结的遍尽、以贪瞋痴的转薄而为斯陀含、只来这世间一次便将作苦之边际的比丘,他们也将横断魔的水流,安稳地到达彼岸。

‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, vacchatarā vacchatariyo tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmino sakiṃdeva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karissanti, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
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“诸比丘,犹如那些瘦弱的小牛犊横断恒河的水流,安稳地到达了彼岸;诸比丘,正是这样:那些以三结的遍尽而为须陀洹、是不堕恶趣之法者、决定趣向正觉的比丘,他们也将横断魔的水流,安稳地到达彼岸。

‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, vacchakā kisābalakā tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyanā, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
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“诸比丘,犹如那头当天才出生的幼小牛犊被母牛的哞声所引而行,横断恒河的水流,安稳地到达了彼岸;诸比丘,正是这样:那些随法行者、随信行者的比丘,他们也将横断魔的水流,安稳地到达彼岸。

‘‘Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, vacchako taruṇako tāvadeva jātako mātugoravakena vuyhamāno tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamāsi, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū dhammānusārino saddhānusārino, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
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“而诸比丘,我对此世善巧、对他世善巧,对魔的领域善巧、对非魔的领域善巧,对死的领域善巧、对非死的领域善巧。诸比丘,那些以为我[的话]应听、应信的人,这于他们将长夜带来利益、带来安乐。”

‘‘Ahaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, kusalo imassa lokassa kusalo parassa lokassa, kusalo māradheyyassa kusalo amāradheyyassa, kusalo maccudheyyassa kusalo amaccudheyyassa. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti.
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世尊说了这[番话]。善逝说了这[番话]之后,导师又接着这样说——

Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvā sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
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“此世与他世,已为知者所善示;

‘‘Ayaṃ loko paro loko, jānatā suppakāsito;
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以及凡为魔所达者,与凡不为死所达者。

Yañca mārena sampattaṃ, appattaṃ yañca maccunā.
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“由遍知一切世间的、了知的正等正觉者,

‘‘Sabbaṃ lokaṃ abhiññāya, sambuddhena pajānatā;
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不死之门已开启,[乃]为证得涅槃之安稳。

Vivaṭaṃ amatadvāraṃ, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā.
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“波旬(pāpimā)之流已断,已被摧破,已成离慢苇者;

‘‘Chinnaṃ pāpimato sotaṃ, viddhastaṃ vinaḷīkataṃ;
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诸比丘,你们要成为多愉悦者,[你们]已得安稳!”

Pāmojjabahulā hotha, khemaṃ pattattha [patthetha (syā. kaṃ. ka. aṭṭhakathāyaṃ saṃvaṇṇetabbapāṭho)] bhikkhavo’’ti.
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《小牧牛者经》终,[《大双品》中之]第四[经]。

Cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.