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增支部 · 八集·瞿昙弥品 Gotamīvaggo

本经目录二、第二五十[经](六)一、瞿昙弥品一、瞿昙弥经二、教诫经三、略说经四、长膝经五、郁阇迦经六、怖畏经七、第一应供养者经八、第二应供养者经九、第一人经十、第二人经瞿昙弥品第一。

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二、第二五十[经]

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(六)一、瞿昙弥品

(6) 1. Gotamīvaggo
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一、瞿昙弥经

1. Gotamīsuttaṃ
51PTS 4.274缅 3.101已对照

五十一、一时,世尊住在释迦[国]迦毘罗卫的尼拘陀园。那时,摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥(Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī)来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥对世尊这样说——“尊者,若女人能得以在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者,那就好了。”“够了,瞿昙弥!你不要喜欢女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者。”

51. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Atha kho mahāpajāpatī [mahāpajāpati (syā.) cūḷava. 402] gotamī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gotami! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.
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第二次,摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥对世尊这样说——“尊者,若女人能得以在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者,那就好了。”“够了,瞿昙弥!你不要喜欢女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者。”第三次,摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥对世尊这样说——“尊者,若女人能得以在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者,那就好了。”“够了,瞿昙弥!你不要喜欢女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者。”

Dutiyampi kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gotami! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti. ‘‘Tatiyampi kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gotami! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.
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那时,摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥[想]:“世尊不允许女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者”,便苦恼、忧闷,泪流满面、哭泣着,礼敬世尊,右绕之后离去。

Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī ‘‘na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
PTS 4.275缅 3.102已对照

那时,世尊在迦毘罗卫随意住了[一段时间]之后,向毘舍离游行而去。依次游行,来到毘舍离。世尊就住在毘舍离大林重阁讲堂。那时,摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥令人剪除头发,披上袈裟衣,与众多释迦女一同向毘舍离出发,依次来到毘舍离大林重阁讲堂。那时,摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥双足肿胀、身体沾满尘土,苦恼、忧闷,泪流满面、哭泣着,站在门屋外。

Atha kho bhagavā kapilavatthusmiṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena vesālī tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena vesālī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī kese chedāpetvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā sambahulāhi sākiyānīhi saddhiṃ yena vesālī tena pakkāmi. Anupubbena yena vesālī mahāvanaṃ kūṭāgārasālā tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bahidvārakoṭṭhake aṭṭhāsi.
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具寿阿难看见摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥双足肿胀、身体沾满尘土,苦恼、忧闷,泪流满面、哭泣着,站在门屋外。看见之后,对摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥这样说——“瞿昙弥,你为什么双足肿胀、身体沾满尘土,苦恼、忧闷,泪流满面、哭泣着,站在门屋外呢?”“阿难尊者,因为世尊不允许女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者。”“瞿昙弥,那么你就暂且在这里稍待片刻,待我请求世尊[允许]女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者。”

Addasā kho āyasmā ānando mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhiṃ dummanaṃ assumukhiṃ rudamānaṃ bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhitaṃ. Disvāna mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu tvaṃ, gotami, sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhitā’’ti? ‘‘Tathā hi pana, bhante ānanda, na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, gotami, muhuttaṃ idheva tāva hohi, yāvāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ yācāmi mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti.
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那时,具寿阿难来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿阿难对世尊这样说——“尊者,这位摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥双足肿胀、身体沾满尘土,苦恼、忧闷,泪流满面、哭泣着,站在门屋外,[想]:‘世尊不允许女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者。’尊者,若女人能得以在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者,那就好了。”“够了,阿难!你不要喜欢女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者。”

Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘esā, bhante, mahāpajāpatī gotamī sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhitā – ‘na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’nti. Sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, ānanda! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.
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第二次……乃至……第三次,具寿阿难对世尊这样说——“尊者,若女人能得以在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者,那就好了。”“够了,阿难!你不要喜欢女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者。”

Dutiyampi kho…pe… tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, ānanda! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.
PTS 4.276缅 3.103已对照

那时,具寿阿难这样想:“世尊不允许女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者。我何不以别的理趣请求世尊[允许]女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者呢?”那时,具寿阿难对世尊这样说——“尊者,女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者之后,能作证须陀洹果、斯陀含果、阿那含果或阿罗汉果吗?”“阿难,女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者之后,能作证须陀洹果,也能作证斯陀含果,也能作证阿那含果,也能作证阿罗汉果。”“尊者,若女人在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者之后,能作证须陀洹果……乃至……阿罗汉果,尊者,摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥于世尊是多所作的:[她是]世尊的姨母、养育者、抚养者、给乳者;世尊的生母命终时,她以乳哺育了[世尊]。尊者,若女人能得以在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者,那就好了。”

Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi – ‘‘na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ aññenapi pariyāyena bhagavantaṃ yāceyyaṃ mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhabbo nu kho, bhante, mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā sotāpattiphalaṃ vā sakadāgāmiphalaṃ vā anāgāmiphalaṃ vā arahattaphalaṃ vā sacchikātu’’nti? ‘‘Bhabbo, ānanda, mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā sotāpattiphalampi sakadāgāmiphalampi anāgāmiphalampi arahattaphalampi sacchikātu’’nti. ‘‘Sace, bhante, bhabbo mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā sotāpattiphalampi…pe… arahattaphalampi sacchikātuṃ, bahukārā, bhante, mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavato mātucchā āpādikā posikā khīrassa dāyikā; bhagavantaṃ janettiyā kālaṅkatāya thaññaṃ pāyesi. Sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti.
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“阿难,若摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥接受八重法,那就作为她的具足戒吧——

‘‘Sace, ānanda, mahāpajāpatī gotamī aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇhāti, sāvassā hotu upasampadā –
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“受具足戒已满百年的比丘尼,应对当天受具足戒的比丘作礼拜、起立、合掌、恭敬之业。这一法也是应恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养之后,终身不可违越的。

[pāci. 149; cūḷava. 403] ‘‘Vassasatūpasampannāya bhikkhuniyā tadahūpasampannassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ kattabbaṃ. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā [garukatvā (sī. syā. pī.)] mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“比丘尼不应在无比丘的住处入雨安居。这一法也是应恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养之后,终身不可违越的。

‘‘Na bhikkhuniyā abhikkhuke āvāse vassaṃ upagantabbaṃ. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
PTS 4.277已对照

“比丘尼每半月应从比丘僧团期求两种法——问布萨与为受教诫而往诣。这一法也是应恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养之后,终身不可违越的。

‘‘Anvaḍḍhamāsaṃ bhikkhuniyā bhikkhusaṅghato dve dhammā paccāsīsitabbā [paccāsiṃsitabbā (sī. syā. pī.)] – uposathapucchakañca, ovādūpasaṅkamanañca. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“已度过雨安居的比丘尼,应在两部僧团中以三处自恣——以所见、或以所闻、或以嫌疑。这一法也是应恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养之后,终身不可违越的。

‘‘Vassaṃvuṭṭhāya bhikkhuniyā ubhatosaṅghe tīhi ṭhānehi pavāretabbaṃ – diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
缅 3.104已对照

“犯了重法的比丘尼,应在两部僧团中行半月摩那埵。这一法也是应恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养之后,终身不可违越的。

‘‘Garudhammaṃ ajjhāpannāya bhikkhuniyā ubhatosaṅghe pakkhamānattaṃ caritabbaṃ. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“对已于六法中两年学过学处的式叉摩那,应在两部僧团中寻求具足戒。这一法也是应恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养之后,终身不可违越的。

‘‘Dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya sikkhamānāya ubhatosaṅghe upasampadā pariyesitabbā. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“比丘尼无论以任何理趣,都不应辱骂、谩骂比丘。这一法也是应恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养之后,终身不可违越的。

‘‘Na kenaci pariyāyena bhikkhuniyā bhikkhu akkositabbo paribhāsitabbo. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“从今日起,比丘尼对比丘的言路已被遮止,比丘对比丘尼的言路未被遮止。这一法也是应恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养之后,终身不可违越的。

‘‘Ajjatagge ovaṭo bhikkhunīnaṃ bhikkhūsu vacanapatho, anovaṭo bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīsu vacanapatho. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.
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“阿难,若摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥接受这八重法,那就作为她的具足戒吧。”

‘‘Sace, ānanda, mahāpajāpatī gotamī ime aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇhāti, sāvassā hotu upasampadā’’ti.
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那时,具寿阿难在世尊面前学取了这八重法之后,来到摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥之处;到了之后,对摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥这样说——

Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato santike ime aṭṭha garudhamme uggahetvā yena mahāpajāpatī gotamī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca –
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“瞿昙弥,若你接受八重法,那就将是你的具足戒——

‘‘Sace kho tvaṃ, gotami, aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇheyyāsi, sāva te bhavissati upasampadā –
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“受具足戒已满百年的比丘尼,应对当天受具足戒的比丘作礼拜、起立、合掌、恭敬之业。这一法也是应恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养之后,终身不可违越的……乃至……

‘‘Vassasatūpasampannāya bhikkhuniyā tadahūpasampannassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ kattabbaṃ. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo…pe….
PTS 4.278已对照

“从今日起,比丘尼对比丘的言路已被遮止,比丘对比丘尼的言路未被遮止。这一法也是应恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养之后,终身不可违越的。瞿昙弥,若你接受这八重法,那就将是你的具足戒。”

‘‘Ajjatagge ovaṭo bhikkhunīnaṃ bhikkhūsu vacanapatho, anovaṭo bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīsu vacanapatho. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo. Sace kho tvaṃ, gotami, ime aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇheyyāsi, sāva te bhavissati upasampadā’’ti.
缅 3.105已对照

“阿难尊者,犹如女人或男人,年少、青春、好装饰,洗了头,得了青莲华鬘、或婆师迦华鬘、或阿提目多伽华鬘,以双手接过,安置于最上之支、[即]头上;同样,阿难尊者,我接受这终身不可违越的八重法。”

‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante ānanda, itthī vā puriso vā daharo yuvā maṇḍanakajātiko [maṇḍanakajātiyo (sī. pī.)] sīsaṃnhāto [sīsaṃnahāto (sī. pī.), sīsanahāto (syā.)] uppalamālaṃ vā vassikamālaṃ vā adhimuttakamālaṃ [atimuttakamālaṃ (sī.)] vā labhitvā ubhohi hatthehi paṭiggahetvā uttamaṅge sirasmiṃ patiṭṭhāpeyya; evamevaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante ānanda, ime aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇhāmi yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīye’’ti.
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那时,具寿阿难来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿阿难对世尊这样说——“尊者,摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥已接受了终身不可违越的八重法。”

Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭiggahitā, bhante, mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā aṭṭha garudhammā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyā’’ti.
已对照

“阿难,若女人不得在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者,阿难,梵行将会久住,正法将会住立一千年。阿难,而既然女人已在如来所宣说的法与律中从家出家、成为无家者,阿难,如今梵行将不会久住。阿难,如今正法将住立五百年。

‘‘Sace, ānanda, nālabhissa mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, ānanda, brahmacariyaṃ abhavissa, vassasahassameva saddhammo tiṭṭheyya. Yato ca kho, ānanda, mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito, na dāni, ānanda, brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ bhavissati. Pañceva dāni, ānanda, vassasatāni saddhammo ṭhassati.
已对照

“阿难,犹如凡任何女多男少的家族,都容易被盗贼、瓮盗侵犯;同样,阿难,在哪一种法与律中女人得以从家出家、成为无家者,那梵行就不会久住。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, ānanda, yāni kānici kulāni bahutthikāni [bahukitthikāni (sī. pī.), bahuitthikāni (syā.)] appapurisakāni, tāni suppadhaṃsiyāni honti corehi kumbhatthenakehi; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, yasmiṃ dhammavinaye labhati mātugāmo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, na taṃ brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti.
PTS 4.279已对照

“阿难,犹如在茂盛的稻田中落下名叫白骨的一种病害,那稻田就这样不会久住;同样,阿难,在哪一种法与律中女人得以从家出家、成为无家者,那梵行就不会久住。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, ānanda, sampanne sālikkhette setaṭṭhikā nāma rogajāti nipatati, evaṃ taṃ sālikkhettaṃ na ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, yasmiṃ dhammavinaye labhati mātugāmo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, na taṃ brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti.
已对照

“阿难,犹如在茂盛的甘蔗田中落下名叫茜赤的一种病害,那甘蔗田就这样不会久住;同样,阿难,在哪一种法与律中女人得以从家出家、成为无家者,那梵行就不会久住。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, ānanda, sampanne ucchukkhette mañjiṭṭhikā [mañjeṭṭhikā (sī. syā.)] nāma rogajāti nipatati, evaṃ taṃ ucchukkhettaṃ na ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, yasmiṃ dhammavinaye labhati mātugāmo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, na taṃ brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti.
缅 3.106已对照

“阿难,犹如人为了不让水越出,预先为大池塘筑起堤岸;同样,阿难,我预先为比丘尼们制定了终身不可违越的八重法。”第一[经]。

‘‘Seyyathāpi, ānanda, puriso mahato taḷākassa paṭikacceva [paṭigacceva (sī. pī.)] āḷiṃ bandheyya yāvadeva udakassa anatikkamanāya; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, mayā paṭikacceva bhikkhunīnaṃ aṭṭha garudhammā paññattā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyā’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
已对照

二、教诫经

2. Ovādasuttaṃ
52已对照

五十二、一时,世尊住在毘舍离大林重阁讲堂。那时,具寿阿难来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿阿难对世尊这样说——“尊者,具足多少法的比丘,应被认可为教诫比丘尼者呢?”

52. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako sammannitabbo’’ti?
PTS 4.280已对照

“阿难,具足八种法的比丘,应被认可为教诫比丘尼者。具足哪八种[法]呢?阿难,在此,比丘具戒……乃至……受持学处而学习;是多闻者……乃至……以见善通达;而且他对两部波罗提木叉都已详细善学,善加分别,善能转诵,善加抉择——依经、依随附的文句;言语良善,善于言辞,具足文雅的言语——清晰流利、无有瑕疵,能令人了知义理;有能力以法语对比丘尼僧团开示、劝导、激励、令欢喜;大多为比丘尼们所爱、所可意;而且这[比丘]不曾与为世尊而出家、身着袈裟衣的[女子]犯过重法;是满二十腊者,或超过二十腊者。阿难,具足这八种法的比丘,应被认可为教诫比丘尼者。”第二[经]。

[pāci. 147] ‘‘Aṭṭhahi kho, ānanda, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako sammannitabbo. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso; kalyāṇavāco hoti kalyāṇavākkaraṇo, poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya [visaṭṭhāya (ka.)] anelagaḷāya [aneḷagaḷāya (sī. ka.)] atthassa viññāpaniyā; paṭibalo hoti bhikkhunisaṅghassa dhammiyā kathāya sandassetuṃ samādapetuṃ samuttejetuṃ sampahaṃsetuṃ; yebhuyyena bhikkhunīnaṃ piyo hoti manāpo; na kho panetaṃ bhagavantaṃ uddissa pabbajitāya kāsāyavatthanivasanāya garudhammaṃ ajjhāpannapubbo hoti; vīsativasso vā hoti atirekavīsativasso vā. Imehi kho, ānanda, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako sammannitabbo’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
已对照

三、略说经

3. Saṃkhittasuttaṃ
53已对照

五十三、一时,世尊住在毘舍离大林重阁讲堂。那时,摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的那位摩诃波阇波提瞿昙弥对世尊这样说——

53. [cūḷava. 406] Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
缅 3.107已对照

“尊者,善哉!愿世尊为我简略地说法,使我听了世尊的法之后,能独一、远离、不放逸、热勤、自策励而住。”“瞿昙弥,凡是你所能了知的诸法:‘这些法导向有贪而非离贪,导向系缚而非离系缚,导向积集而非损减,导向大欲而非少欲,导向不知足而非知足,导向聚众而非远离,导向懈怠而非精进的发起,导向难养而非易养’,瞿昙弥,你应当一向地受持:‘这不是法,这不是律,这不是导师之教。’”

‘‘Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā ekā vūpakaṭṭhā appamattā ātāpinī pahitattā vihareyya’’nti. ‘‘Ye kho tvaṃ, gotami, dhamme jāneyyāsi – ‘ime dhammā sarāgāya saṃvattanti, no virāgāya; saṃyogāya saṃvattanti, no visaṃyogāya; ācayāya saṃvattanti, no apacayāya; mahicchatāya saṃvattanti, no appicchatāya; asantuṭṭhiyā saṃvattanti, no santuṭṭhiyā; saṅgaṇikāya saṃvattanti, no pavivekāya; kosajjāya saṃvattanti, no vīriyārambhāya; dubbharatāya saṃvattanti, no subharatāyā’ti, ekaṃsena, gotami, dhāreyyāsi – ‘neso dhammo, neso vinayo, netaṃ satthusāsana’’’nti.
PTS 4.281已对照

“而瞿昙弥,凡是你所能了知的诸法:‘这些法导向离贪而非有贪,导向离系缚而非系缚,导向损减而非积集,导向少欲而非大欲,导向知足而非不知足,导向远离而非聚众,导向精进的发起而非懈怠,导向易养而非难养’,瞿昙弥,你应当一向地受持:‘这是法,这是律,这是导师之教。’”第三[经]。

‘‘Ye ca kho tvaṃ, gotami, dhamme jāneyyāsi – ‘ime dhammā virāgāya saṃvattanti, no sarāgāya; visaṃyogāya saṃvattanti, no saṃyogāya; apacayāya saṃvattanti, no ācayāya; appicchatāya saṃvattanti, no mahicchatāya; santuṭṭhiyā saṃvattanti, no asantuṭṭhiyā; pavivekāya saṃvattanti, no saṅgaṇikāya; vīriyārambhāya saṃvattanti, no kosajjāya; subharatāya saṃvattanti, no dubbharatāyā’ti, ekaṃsena, gotami, dhāreyyāsi – ‘eso dhammo, eso vinayo, etaṃ satthusāsana’’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.
已对照

四、长膝经

4. Dīghajāṇusuttaṃ
54已对照

五十四、一时,世尊住在拘利[国],[有]一座名叫迦迦罗跋多(Kakkarapatta)的拘利人市镇。那时,拘利子长膝(Dīghajāṇu koliyaputta)来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的拘利子长膝对世尊这样说——“尊者,我们是在家人、受用诸欲者,住于儿女拥挤之床,享用迦尸旃檀,佩戴花鬘、香、涂香,领受金银。尊者,对这样的我们,愿世尊为我们这样说法——[说]那些对我们会导向现法利益、现法安乐、来世利益、来世安乐的法。”

54. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā koliyesu viharati kakkarapattaṃ nāma koliyānaṃ nigamo. Atha kho dīghajāṇu koliyaputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho dīghajāṇu koliyaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayaṃ, bhante, gihī kāmabhogino [kāmabhogī (sī. syā. pī.)] puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvasāma, kāsikacandanaṃ paccanubhoma, mālāgandhavilepanaṃ dhārayāma, jātarūparajataṃ sādayāma. Tesaṃ no, bhante, bhagavā amhākaṃ tathā dhammaṃ desetu ye amhākaṃ assu dhammā diṭṭhadhammahitāya diṭṭhadhammasukhāya, samparāyahitāya samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.
缅 3.108已对照

“虎路(Byagghapajja),有这四种法导向良家子的现法利益、现法安乐。哪四种[法]呢?奋起具足、守护具足、善友性、平衡的生活。虎路,什么是奋起具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子以某种事业谋生——或以农耕,或以经商,或以牧牛,或以射术,或以王家职事,或以某种其他技艺——他于其中熟练、不懒惰,具足于其中[适宜]方法的审察,足以亲自去做,足以安排[他人去做]。虎路,这称为奋起具足。

‘‘Cattārome, byagghapajja, dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti diṭṭhadhammasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Uṭṭhānasampadā, ārakkhasampadā, kalyāṇamittatā, samajīvitā [samajīvikatā (sī.) a. ni. 8.75]. Katamā ca, byagghapajja, uṭṭhānasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto yena kammaṭṭhānena jīvikaṃ [jīvitaṃ (ka.)] kappeti – yadi kasiyā, yadi vaṇijjāya, yadi gorakkhena, yadi issattena [issatthena (sī. syā. pī.)], yadi rājaporisena, yadi sippaññatarena – tattha dakkho hoti analaso, tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato, alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, uṭṭhānasampadā.
PTS 4.282已对照

“虎路,什么是守护具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子有以奋起与精进所获得的、以臂力积聚的、以汗水挣得的、合乎法的、如法所得的财物。他以看管、守护来保全它们:‘怎样才能使我的这些财物既不被诸王夺去,也不被盗贼夺去,不被火烧,不被水冲,不被不亲爱的诸嗣夺去呢?’虎路,这称为守护具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, ārakkhasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputtassa bhogā honti uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatā bāhābalaparicitā, sedāvakkhittā, dhammikā dhammaladdhā. Te ārakkhena guttiyā sampādeti – ‘kinti me ime bhoge neva rājāno hareyyuṃ, na corā hareyyuṃ, na aggi ḍaheyya, na udakaṃ vaheyya, na appiyā dāyādā hareyyu’nti! Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, ārakkhasampadā.
已对照

“虎路,什么是善友性呢?虎路,在此,良家子住在哪个村落或市镇,那里凡有居士或居士子——或年少而戒德增长者,或年长而戒德增长者——具足信、具足戒、具足施舍、具足慧,他便与他们共处、交谈、进行讨论;随学那样的具足信者的信具足,随学那样的具足戒者的戒具足,随学那样的具足施舍者的施舍具足,随学那样的具足慧者的慧具足。虎路,这称为善友性。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, kalyāṇamittatā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā paṭivasati, tattha ye te honti – gahapatī vā gahapatiputtā vā daharā vā vuddhasīlino, vuddhā vā vuddhasīlino, saddhāsampannā, sīlasampannā, cāgasampannā, paññāsampannā – tehi saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati sallapati sākacchaṃ samāpajjati; yathārūpānaṃ saddhāsampannānaṃ saddhāsampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ sīlasampannānaṃ sīlasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ cāgasampannānaṃ cāgasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ paññāsampannānaṃ paññāsampadaṃ anusikkhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, kalyāṇamittatā.
PTS 4.283缅 3.109已对照

“虎路,什么是平衡的生活呢?虎路,在此,良家子了知财物的收入,了知财物的支出,过平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒俭:‘这样,我的收入将会压过支出而持续,我的支出不会压过收入而持续。’虎路,犹如秤者或秤者的学徒,提起秤来便知道:‘以这么多而下沉了’,或‘以这么多而上扬了’;同样,虎路,良家子了知财物的收入,了知财物的支出,过平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒俭:‘这样,我的收入将会压过支出而持续,我的支出不会压过收入而持续。’虎路,若这良家子收入少而过奢华的生活,会有人说他:‘这良家子像吃优昙婆罗果者那样吃用财物。’虎路,而若这良家子收入多而过艰苦的生活,会有人说他:‘这良家子将像无主之人那样死去。’虎路,而当这良家子了知财物的收入,了知财物的支出,过平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒俭:‘这样,我的收入将会压过支出而持续,我的支出不会压过收入而持续’——虎路,这称为平衡的生活。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, samajīvitā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, samaṃ jīvikaṃ [samajīvikaṃ (syā.), samajīvitaṃ (ka.)] kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Seyyathāpi, byagghapajja, tulādhāro vā tulādhārantevāsī vā tulaṃ paggahetvā jānāti – ‘ettakena vā onataṃ [oṇataṃ (ka.)], ettakena vā unnata’nti [uṇṇatanti (ka.)]; evamevaṃ kho, byagghapajja, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Sacāyaṃ, byagghapajja, kulaputto appāyo samāno uḷāraṃ jīvikaṃ [jīvitaṃ (ka.)] kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘udumbarakhādīvāyaṃ [udumbarakhādikaṃ vāyaṃ (sī. pī.), udumbarakhādakaṃ cāyaṃ (syā.)] kulaputto bhoge khādatī’ti. Sace panāyaṃ, byagghapajja, kulaputto mahāyo samāno kasiraṃ jīvikaṃ [jīvitaṃ (ka.)] kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘ajeṭṭhamaraṇaṃvāyaṃ [ajaddhumārikaṃ vāyaṃ (sī. pī.), addhamārakaṃ cāyaṃ (syā.), ettha jaddhūti asanaṃ = bhattabhuñjanaṃ, tasmā ajaddhumārikanti anasanamaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. ma. ni. 1.379 adholipiyā ‘‘ajaddhuka’’nti padaṃ dassitaṃ] kulaputto marissatī’ti. Yato ca khoyaṃ, byagghapajja, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, samajīvitā.
已对照

“虎路,这样生起的财物,有四种损耗之门——耽于女色、耽于酒、耽于赌博,有恶友、有恶伴、有恶随从。虎路,犹如大池塘有四个进入之门,也有四个损耗之门。有人把它的那些进入之门堵上,把那些损耗之门打开,天也不正常地降下雨流。虎路,这样,那大池塘便只应期待衰退,不会增长;同样,虎路,这样生起的财物,有四种损耗之门——耽于女色、耽于酒、耽于赌博,有恶友、有恶伴、有恶随从。

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, byagghapajja, bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni, cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni vivareyya; devo ca na sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa parihāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no vuddhi; evamevaṃ, byagghapajja, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko.
PTS 4.284缅 3.110已对照

“虎路,这样生起的财物,有四种进入之门——不耽于女色、不耽于酒、不耽于赌博,有善友、有善伴、有善随从。虎路,犹如大池塘有四个进入之门,也有四个损耗之门。有人把它的那些进入之门打开,把那些损耗之门堵上,天也正常地降下雨流。虎路,这样,那大池塘便只应期待增长,不会衰退;同样,虎路,这样生起的财物,有四种进入之门——不耽于女色、不耽于酒、不耽于赌博,有善友、有善伴、有善随从。虎路,这四种法导向良家子的现法利益、现法安乐。

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, byagghapajja, bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto, na surādhutto, na akkhadhutto, kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni, cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni vivareyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya; devo ca sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni; evamevaṃ kho, byagghapajja, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto, na surādhutto, na akkhadhutto, kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ime kho, byagghapajja, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti diṭṭhadhammasukhāya.
已对照

“虎路,有这四种法导向良家子的来世利益、来世安乐。哪四种[法]呢?信具足、戒具足、施舍具足、慧具足。虎路,什么是信具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子有信,信如来的正觉:‘那位世尊亦即是……乃至……天人导师、佛陀、世尊。’虎路,这称为信具足。

‘‘Cattārome, byagghapajja, dhammā kulaputtassa samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Saddhāsampadā, sīlasampadā, cāgasampadā, paññāsampadā. Katamā ca, byagghapajja, saddhāsampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, saddhāsampadā.
已对照

“虎路,什么是戒具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子离杀生……乃至……离[导致]放逸之因的谷酒、花果酒[等]酒类。虎路,这称为戒具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, sīlasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, sīlasampadā.
已对照

“虎路,什么是施舍具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子以离了悭垢的心居家,施舍无所保留、手常洁净、乐于舍弃、堪受人乞求、乐于布施与分享。虎路,这称为施舍具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, cāgasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, cāgasampadā.
PTS 4.285已对照

“虎路,什么是慧具足呢?虎路,在此,良家子是有慧者,具足通达生灭的慧——[那是]圣的、能洞察的、能导向正确尽苦的[慧]。虎路,这称为慧具足。虎路,这四种法导向良家子的来世利益、来世安乐。”

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, paññāsampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto paññavā hoti, udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, paññāsampadā. Ime kho, byagghapajja, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.
已对照

“于诸事务中奋起,不放逸,善于安排,

‘‘Uṭṭhātā kammadheyyesu, appamatto vidhānavā;
已对照

过平衡的生活,守护所积聚的[财物]。

Samaṃ kappeti jīvikaṃ [jīvitaṃ (ka.)], sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
已对照

“有信,具足戒,宽仁,离悭吝,

‘‘Saddho sīlena sampanno, vadaññū vītamaccharo;
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他常净化道路——那来世的安稳[之道]。

Niccaṃ maggaṃ visodheti, sotthānaṃ samparāyikaṃ.
已对照

“这些八法,属于有信而求家居者,

‘‘Iccete aṭṭha dhammā ca, saddhassa gharamesino;
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由具真实之名者所宣说,于两处都带来安乐。

Akkhātā saccanāmena, ubhayattha sukhāvahā.
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“为了现法的利益,以及来世的安乐;

‘‘Diṭṭhadhammahitatthāya, samparāyasukhāya ca;
已对照

在家者们的施舍与福德,就这样增长。”第四[经]。

Evametaṃ gahaṭṭhānaṃ, cāgo puññaṃ pavaḍḍhatī’’ti. catutthaṃ;
已对照

五、郁阇迦经

5. Ujjayasuttaṃ
55缅 3.111已对照

五十五、那时,郁阇迦婆罗门(Ujjaya brāhmaṇa)来到世尊之处;到了之后,与世尊互相问候。互相问候、交谈了一番愉快而值得忆念的话之后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的郁阇迦婆罗门对世尊这样说——“乔达摩尊师,我们想要出外远行。对这样的我们,愿乔达摩尊师为我们这样说法——[说]那些对我们会导向现法利益、现法安乐、来世利益、来世安乐的法。”

55. Atha kho ujjayo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho ujjayo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayaṃ, bho gotama, pavāsaṃ gantukāmā. Tesaṃ no bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ tathā dhammaṃ desetu – ye amhākaṃ assu dhammā diṭṭhadhammahitāya, diṭṭhadhammasukhāya, samparāyahitāya, samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.
PTS 4.286已对照

“婆罗门,有这四种法导向良家子的现法利益、现法安乐。哪四种[法]呢?奋起具足、守护具足、善友性、平衡的生活。婆罗门,什么是奋起具足呢?婆罗门,在此,良家子以某种事业谋生——或以农耕,或以经商,或以牧牛,或以射术,或以王家职事,或以某种其他技艺——他于其中熟练、不懒惰,具足于其中[适宜]方法的审察,足以亲自去做,足以安排[他人去做]。婆罗门,这称为奋起具足。

‘‘Cattārome, brāhmaṇa, dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti, diṭṭhadhammasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Uṭṭhānasampadā, ārakkhasampadā, kalyāṇamittatā, samajīvitā. Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, uṭṭhānasampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto yena kammaṭṭhānena jīvikaṃ kappeti – yadi kasiyā, yadi vaṇijjāya, yadi gorakkhena, yadi issattena, yadi rājaporisena, yadi sippaññatarena – tattha dakkho hoti analaso, tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato, alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, uṭṭhānasampadā.
已对照

“婆罗门,什么是守护具足呢?婆罗门,在此,良家子有以奋起与精进所获得的、以臂力积聚的、以汗水挣得的、合乎法的、如法所得的财物。他以看管、守护来保全它们:‘怎样才能使我的这些财物既不被诸王夺去,也不被盗贼夺去,不被火烧,不被水冲,不被不亲爱的诸嗣夺去呢?’婆罗门,这称为守护具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, ārakkhasampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputtassa bhogā honti uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatā, bāhābalaparicitā, sedāvakkhittā, dhammikā dhammaladdhā. Te ārakkhena guttiyā sampādeti – ‘kinti me ime bhoge neva rājāno hareyyuṃ, na corā hareyyuṃ, na aggi ḍaheyya, na udakaṃ vaheyya, na appiyā dāyādā hareyyu’nti. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, ārakkhasampadā.
已对照

“婆罗门,什么是善友性呢?婆罗门,在此,良家子住在哪个村落或市镇,那里凡有居士或居士子——或年少而戒德增长者,或年长而戒德增长者——具足信、具足戒、具足施舍、具足慧,他便与他们共处、交谈、进行讨论;随学那样的具足信者的信具足,随学那样的具足戒者的戒具足,随学那样的具足施舍者的施舍具足,随学那样的具足慧者的慧具足。婆罗门,这称为善友性。

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, kalyāṇamittatā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā paṭivasati tatra ye te honti – gahapatī vā gahapatiputtā vā daharā vā vuddhasīlino, vuddhā vā vuddhasīlino, saddhāsampannā, sīlasampannā, cāgasampannā, paññāsampannā – tehi saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati sallapati sākacchaṃ samāpajjati; yathārūpānaṃ saddhāsampannānaṃ saddhāsampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ sīlasampannānaṃ sīlasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ cāgasampannānaṃ cāgasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ paññāsampannānaṃ paññāsampadaṃ anusikkhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, kalyāṇamittatā.
PTS 4.287缅 3.112已对照

“婆罗门,什么是平衡的生活呢?婆罗门,在此,良家子了知财物的收入,了知财物的支出,过平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒俭:‘这样,我的收入将会压过支出而持续,我的支出不会压过收入而持续。’婆罗门,犹如秤者或秤者的学徒,提起秤来便知道:‘以这么多而下沉了’,或‘以这么多而上扬了’;同样,婆罗门,良家子了知财物的收入,了知财物的支出,过平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒俭:‘这样,我的收入将会压过支出而持续,我的支出不会压过收入而持续。’婆罗门,若这良家子收入少而过奢华的生活,会有人说他:‘这良家子像吃优昙婆罗果者那样吃用财物。’婆罗门,而若这良家子收入多而过艰苦的生活,会有人说他:‘这良家子将像无主之人那样死去。’婆罗门,而当这良家子了知财物的收入,了知财物的支出,过平衡的生活,不太奢侈、也不太寒俭:‘这样,我的收入将会压过支出而持续,我的支出不会压过收入而持续’——婆罗门,这称为平衡的生活。

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, samajīvitā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, tulādhāro vā tulādhārantevāsī vā tulaṃ paggahetvā jānāti – ‘ettakena vā onataṃ, ettakena vā unnata’nti; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Sacāyaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto appāyo samāno uḷāraṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘udumbarakhādīvāyaṃ kulaputto bhoge khādatī’ti. Sace panāyaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto mahāyo samāno kasiraṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘ajeṭṭhamaraṇaṃvāyaṃ kulaputto marissatī’ti. Yato ca khoyaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti, ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, samajīvitā.
PTS 4.288已对照

“婆罗门,这样生起的财物,有四种损耗之门——耽于女色、耽于酒、耽于赌博,有恶友、有恶伴、有恶随从。婆罗门,犹如大池塘有四个进入之门,也有四个损耗之门。有人把它的那些进入之门堵上,把那些损耗之门打开,天也不正常地降下雨流。婆罗门,这样,那大池塘便只应期待衰退,不会增长;同样,婆罗门,这样生起的财物,有四种损耗之门——耽于女色、耽于酒、耽于赌博,有恶友、有恶伴、有恶随从。

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni, cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni vivareyya; devo ca na sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa brāhmaṇa, mahato taḷākassa parihāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no vuddhi; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko.
缅 3.113已对照

“婆罗门,这样生起的财物,有四种进入之门——不耽于女色、不耽于酒、不耽于赌博,有善友、有善伴、有善随从。婆罗门,犹如大池塘有四个进入之门,也有四个损耗之门。有人把它的那些进入之门打开,把那些损耗之门堵上,天也正常地降下雨流。婆罗门,这样,那大池塘便只应期待增长,不会衰退;同样,婆罗门,这样生起的财物,有四种进入之门——不耽于女色……乃至……有善随从。婆罗门,这四种法导向良家子的现法利益、现法安乐。

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto, na surādhutto, na akkhadhutto, kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni vivareyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya; devo ca sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa, brāhmaṇa, mahato taḷākassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto…pe… kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti diṭṭhadhammasukhāya.
已对照

“婆罗门,有这四种法导向良家子的来世利益、来世安乐。哪四种[法]呢?信具足、戒具足、施舍具足、慧具足。婆罗门,什么是信具足呢?婆罗门,在此,良家子有信,信如来的正觉:‘那位世尊亦即是……乃至……天人导师、佛陀、世尊。’婆罗门,这称为信具足。

‘‘Cattārome, brāhmaṇa, kulaputtassa dhammā samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Saddhāsampadā, sīlasampadā, cāgasampadā, paññāsampadā. Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, saddhāsampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, saddhāsampadā.
已对照

“婆罗门,什么是戒具足呢?婆罗门,在此,良家子离杀生……乃至……离[导致]放逸之因的谷酒、花果酒[等]酒类。婆罗门,这称为戒具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, sīlasampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, sīlasampadā.
PTS 4.289已对照

“婆罗门,什么是施舍具足呢?婆罗门,在此,良家子以离了悭垢的心居家,施舍无所保留、手常洁净、乐于舍弃、堪受人乞求、乐于布施与分享。婆罗门,这称为施舍具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, cāgasampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, cāgasampadā.
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“婆罗门,什么是慧具足呢?婆罗门,在此,良家子是有慧者……乃至……能导向正确尽苦的[慧]。婆罗门,这称为慧具足。婆罗门,这四种法导向良家子的来世利益、来世安乐。”

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, paññāsampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto paññavā hoti…pe… sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, paññāsampadā. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.
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“于诸事务中奋起,不放逸,善于安排,

‘‘Uṭṭhātā kammadheyyesu, appamatto vidhānavā;
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过平衡的生活,守护所积聚的[财物]。

Samaṃ kappeti jīvikaṃ, sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
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“有信,具足戒,宽仁,离悭吝,

‘‘Saddho sīlena sampanno, vadaññū vītamaccharo;
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他常净化道路——那来世的安稳[之道]。

Niccaṃ maggaṃ visodheti, sotthānaṃ samparāyikaṃ.
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“这些八法,属于有信而求家居者,

‘‘Iccete aṭṭha dhammā ca, saddhassa gharamesino;
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由具真实之名者所宣说,于两处都带来安乐。

Akkhātā saccanāmena, ubhayattha sukhāvahā.
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“为了现法的利益,以及来世的安乐;

‘‘Diṭṭhadhammahitatthāya, samparāyasukhāya ca;
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在家者们的施舍与福德,就这样增长。”第五[经]。

Evametaṃ gahaṭṭhānaṃ, cāgo puññaṃ pavaḍḍhatī’’ti. pañcamaṃ;
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六、怖畏经

6. Bhayasuttaṃ
56PTS 4.290缅 3.114已对照

五十六、“‘怖畏’,诸比丘,这是诸欲的增语。‘苦’,诸比丘,这是诸欲的增语。‘病’,诸比丘,这是诸欲的增语。‘疮’,诸比丘,这是诸欲的增语。‘箭’,诸比丘,这是诸欲的增语。‘执着’,诸比丘,这是诸欲的增语。‘泥’,诸比丘,这是诸欲的增语。‘胎’,诸比丘,这是诸欲的增语。诸比丘,为什么‘怖畏’是诸欲的增语呢?诸比丘,因为这为欲贪(kāmarāga)所染、为欲贪(chandarāga)所缚者,既不能从现法的怖畏中解脱,也不能从来世的怖畏中解脱,因此‘怖畏’是诸欲的增语。诸比丘,为什么‘苦’……乃至……‘病’……‘疮’……‘箭’……‘执着’……‘泥’……‘胎’是诸欲的增语呢?诸比丘,因为这为欲贪所染、为欲贪所缚者,既不能从现法的胎中解脱,也不能从来世的胎中解脱,因此‘胎’是诸欲的增语。”

“怖畏与苦与病,疮与箭与执着,

泥与胎——两两[并称],这些被称为诸欲,

凡夫粘着于其中。

“被可爱之相所淹没者,又再趣向于胎;

而当比丘热勤,不舍弃正知之时,

“如是的他,越过这泥沼、险路之后,

观察被生与老所缠、颤动着的众生。”第六[经]。

56. ‘‘‘Bhaya’nti [cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 137], bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Dukkha’nti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Rogo’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Gaṇḍo’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Salla’nti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Saṅgo’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Paṅko’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Gabbho’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, ‘bhaya’nti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ? Yasmā ca kāmarāgarattāyaṃ, bhikkhave, chandarāgavinibaddho diṭṭhadhammikāpi bhayā na parimuccati, samparāyikāpi bhayā na parimuccati, tasmā ‘bhaya’nti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, ‘dukkha’nti…pe… ‘rogo’ti… ‘gaṇḍo’ti… ‘salla’nti… ‘saṅgo’ti… ‘paṅko’ti… ‘gabbho’ti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ? Yasmā ca kāmarāgarattāyaṃ, bhikkhave, chandarāgavinibaddho diṭṭhadhammikāpi gabbhā na parimuccati, samparāyikāpi gabbhā na parimuccati, tasmā ‘gabbho’ti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ’’.
‘‘Bhayaṃ dukkhañca rogo ca, gaṇḍo sallañca saṅgo ca;
Paṅko gabbho ca ubhayaṃ, ete kāmā pavuccanti;
Yattha satto puthujjano.
‘‘Otiṇṇo sātarūpena, puna gabbhāya gacchati;
Yato ca bhikkhu ātāpī, sampajaññaṃ [sampajañño (syā. ka.) saṃ. ni. 4.251 passitabbaṃ] na riccati.
‘‘So imaṃ palipathaṃ duggaṃ, atikkamma tathāvidho;
Pajaṃ jātijarūpetaṃ, phandamānaṃ avekkhatī’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
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七、第一应供养者经

7. Paṭhamaāhuneyyasuttaṃ
57PTS 4.291缅 3.115已对照

五十七、“诸比丘,具足八种法的比丘,是应供养者、应款待者、应奉施者、应合掌者,是世间无上的福田。具足哪八种[法]呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘具戒……乃至……受持学处而学习;是多闻者……乃至……以见善通达;是善友者、善伴者、善随从者;是正见者,具足正见解;是那属于增上心的、现法乐住的四禅的随愿而得者、不难而得者、丰足而得者;他回忆起许多种宿住,即:一生、二生……乃至……如此,他回忆起具有行相、具有细节的许多种宿住;他以清净、超人的天眼……乃至……了知众生随业而去;由于诸漏的灭尽……乃至……证知,成就并住。诸比丘,具足这八种法的比丘,是应供养者……乃至……是世间无上的福田。”第七[经]。

57. ‘‘Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; kalyāṇamitto hoti kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko; sammādiṭṭhiko hoti, sammādassanena samannāgato; catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī; anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati; dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena…pe… yathākammūpage satte pajānāti; āsavānaṃ khayā…pe… sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
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八、第二应供养者经

8. Dutiyaāhuneyyasuttaṃ
58PTS 4.292已对照

五十八、“诸比丘,具足八种法的比丘,是应供养者……乃至……是世间无上的福田。具足哪八种[法]呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘具戒……乃至……受持学处而学习;是多闻者……乃至……以见善通达;住于发起精进,有力、坚固勇猛,于诸善法不放下[重]担;是林野住者,[住于]边远的坐卧处;是堪忍不乐与乐者,一再地制胜已生的不乐而住;是堪忍怖畏与惊骇者,一再地制胜已生的怖畏与惊骇而住;是那属于增上心的、现法乐住的四禅的随愿而得者、不难而得者、丰足而得者;由于诸漏的灭尽……乃至……证知,成就并住。诸比丘,具足这八种法的比丘,是应供养者……乃至……是世间无上的福田。”第八[经]。

58. ‘‘Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; āraddhavīriyo viharati thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu; āraññiko hoti pantasenāsano; aratiratisaho hoti, uppannaṃ aratiṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharati; bhayabheravasaho hoti, uppannaṃ bhayabheravaṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharati; catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī; āsavānaṃ khayā…pe… sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
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九、第一人经

9. Paṭhamapuggalasuttaṃ
59已对照

五十九、“诸比丘,有这八种人,是应供养者、应款待者、应奉施者、应合掌者,是世间无上的福田。哪八种[人]呢?须陀洹、为作证须陀洹果而行道者;斯陀含、为作证斯陀含果而行道者;阿那含、为作证阿那含果而行道者;阿罗汉、为阿罗汉果而行道者。诸比丘,这八种人是应供养者……乃至……是世间无上的福田。”

59. ‘‘Aṭṭhime bhikkhave, puggalā āhuneyyā pāhuneyyā dakkhiṇeyyā añjalikaraṇīyā anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa? Katame aṭṭha? Sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, sakadāgāmī, sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, anāgāmī, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, arahā, arahattāya paṭipanno. Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha puggalā āhuneyyā…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti.
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“四位行道者,与四位住于果者;

‘‘Cattāro ca paṭipannā, cattāro ca phale ṭhitā;
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这就是正直的僧团,具足慧与戒。

Esa saṅgho ujubhūto, paññāsīlasamāhito.
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“对于正在祭祀的人们、求福的众生,

‘‘Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ;
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造作有所依之福时,施于僧团有大果。”第九[经]。

Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, saṅghe dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti. navamaṃ;
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十、第二人经

10. Dutiyapuggalasuttaṃ
60PTS 4.293已对照

六十、“诸比丘,有这八种人,是应供养者……乃至……是世间无上的福田。哪八种[人]呢?须陀洹、为作证须陀洹果而行道者……乃至……阿罗汉、为阿罗汉果而行道者。诸比丘,这八种人是应供养者……乃至……是世间无上的福田。”

60. ‘‘Aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, puggalā āhuneyyā…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katame aṭṭha? Sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno…pe… arahā, arahattāya paṭipanno. Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha puggalā āhuneyyā…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti.
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“四位行道者,与四位住于果者;

‘‘Cattāro ca paṭipannā, cattāro ca phale ṭhitā;
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这就是最上的僧团,众生中的八人。

Esa saṅgho samukkaṭṭho, sattānaṃ aṭṭha puggalā.
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“对于正在祭祀的人们、求福的众生,

‘‘Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ;
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造作有所依之福时,施于此处有大果。”第十[经]。

Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, ettha dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti. dasamaṃ;
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瞿昙弥品第一。

Gotamīvaggo paṭhamo.
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其摄颂——

瞿昙弥、教诫、略说,长膝与郁阇迦;

怖畏、两应供养者,两[经]、八人。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Gotamī ovādaṃ saṃkhittaṃ, dīghajāṇu ca ujjayo;
Bhayā dve āhuneyyā ca, dve ca aṭṭha puggalāti.