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增支部 · 三集·愚人品 Bālavaggo

本经目录一、愚人品一、怖畏经二、相经三、思者经四、罪过经五、不如理经六、不善经七、有罪经八、有恼害经九、受损经十、垢经愚人品第一。

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一、愚人品

1. Bālavaggo
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一、怖畏经

1. Bhayasuttaṃ
1PTS 1.101缅 1.99已对照

一、如是我闻——一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树林给孤独园。在那里,世尊召唤诸比丘:“诸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘应诺世尊。世尊这样说——

1. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante [bhaddante (ka.)]’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
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“诸比丘,凡生起的任何怖畏,一切都从愚人生起,不从智者[生起]。凡生起的任何祸患,一切都从愚人生起,不从智者[生起]。凡生起的任何灾难,一切都从愚人生起,不从智者[生起]。诸比丘,犹如从芦苇屋或草屋放出的火,也会烧掉内外涂饰、无风[可入]、门闩紧闭、窗户关严的诸尖顶屋;同样,诸比丘,凡生起的任何怖畏,一切都从愚人生起,不从智者[生起]。凡生起的任何祸患,一切都从愚人生起,不从智者[生起]。凡生起的任何灾难,一切都从愚人生起,不从智者[生起]。

‘‘Yāni kānici, bhikkhave, bhayāni uppajjanti sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upaddavā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upasaggā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, naḷāgārā vā tiṇāgārā vā [naḷāgāraṃ vā tiṇāgāraṃ vā (sī.)] aggi mutto [aggimukko (sī.), aggi mukko (syā. kaṃ. pī.)] kūṭāgārānipi ḍahati ullittāvalittāni nivātāni phusitaggaḷāni pihitavātapānāni; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yāni kānici bhayāni uppajjanti sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upaddavā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upasaggā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato.
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“诸比丘,如是,愚人是有怖畏的,智者是无怖畏的;愚人是有祸患的,智者是无祸患的;愚人是有灾难的,智者是无灾难的。诸比丘,从智者没有怖畏,从智者没有祸患,从智者没有灾难。

‘‘Iti kho, bhikkhave, sappaṭibhayo bālo, appaṭibhayo paṇḍito. Saupaddavo bālo, anupaddavo paṇḍito. Saupasaggo bālo, anupasaggo paṇḍito. Natthi, bhikkhave, paṇḍitato bhayaṃ, natthi paṇḍitato upaddavo, natthi paṇḍitato upasaggo.
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“因此,诸比丘,你们应当这样修学:‘具足哪三种法的应知是愚人,我们要回避那三种法;具足哪三种法的应知是智者,我们要受持那三种法而行。’诸比丘,你们应当这样修学。”第一[经]。

‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo te tayo dhamme abhinivajjetvā, yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo te tayo dhamme samādāya vattissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
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二、相经

2. Lakkhaṇasuttaṃ
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二、“诸比丘,愚人以业为相,智者以业为相,慧以行迹而显耀。诸比丘,具足三种法的,应知[他]是愚人。具足哪三种[法]呢?身恶行、语恶行、意恶行。诸比丘,具足这三种法的,应知[他]是愚人。

2. ‘‘Kammalakkhaṇo, bhikkhave, bālo, kammalakkhaṇo paṇḍito, apadānasobhanī [apadāne sobhati (syā. kaṃ. pī.)] paññāti [paññatti (?)]. Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyaduccaritena, vacīduccaritena, manoduccaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.
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“诸比丘,具足三种法的,应知[他]是智者。具足哪三种[法]呢?身善行、语善行、意善行。诸比丘,具足这三种法的,应知[他]是智者。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyasucaritena, vacīsucaritena, manosucaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo.
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“因此,诸比丘,你们应当这样修学:‘具足哪三种法的应知是愚人,我们要回避那三种法;具足哪三种法的应知是智者,我们要受持那三种法而行。’诸比丘,你们应当这样修学。”第二[经]。

‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo te tayo dhamme abhinivajjetvā, yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo te tayo dhamme samādāya vattissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba’’nti. Dutiyaṃ.
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三、思者经

3. Cintīsuttaṃ
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三、“诸比丘,愚人有这三种愚人之相、愚人之征、愚人之行迹。哪三种呢?诸比丘,在此,愚人是思虑恶思者、言说恶言者、行作恶行者。诸比丘,若愚人不是思虑恶思者、言说恶言者、行作恶行者,诸智者凭什么知道他:‘这位先生是愚人、是非善士’呢?诸比丘,正因为愚人是思虑恶思者、言说恶言者、行作恶行者,所以诸智者知道他:‘这位先生是愚人、是非善士。’诸比丘,这就是愚人的三种愚人之相、愚人之征、愚人之行迹。

3. ‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Idha, bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca. No cedaṃ [no cetaṃ (syā. kaṃ. ka.)], bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca abhavissa dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca, kena naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ [tena naṃ paṇḍitā na jāneyyuṃ (ka.), na naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ (?)] – ‘bālo ayaṃ bhavaṃ asappuriso’ti? Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca tasmā naṃ paṇḍitā jānanti – ‘bālo ayaṃ bhavaṃ asappuriso’ti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni.
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“诸比丘,智者有这三种智者之相、智者之征、智者之行迹。哪三种呢?诸比丘,在此,智者是思虑善思者、言说善言者、行作善行者。诸比丘,若智者不是思虑善思者、言说善言者、行作善行者,诸智者凭什么知道他:‘这位先生是智者、是善士’呢?诸比丘,正因为智者是思虑善思者、言说善言者、行作善行者,所以诸智者知道他:‘这位先生是智者、是善士。’诸比丘,这就是智者的三种智者之相、智者之征、智者之行迹。因此……第三[经]。

‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Idha, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca hoti subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca abhavissa subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca, kena naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ – ‘paṇḍito ayaṃ bhavaṃ sappuriso’ti? Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca hoti subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca tasmā naṃ paṇḍitā jānanti – ‘paṇḍito ayaṃ bhavaṃ sappuriso’ti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānāni. Tasmātiha…. Tatiyaṃ.
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四、罪过经

4. Accayasuttaṃ
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四、“诸比丘,具足三种法的,应知[他]是愚人。具足哪三种[法]呢?不见罪过为罪过;见罪过为罪过之后,不如法悔改;而对他人忏悔罪过,不如法接受。诸比丘,具足这三种法的,应知[他]是愚人。

4. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Accayaṃ accayato na passati, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ nappaṭikaroti, parassa kho pana accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ nappaṭiggaṇhāti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.
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“诸比丘,具足三种法的,应知[他]是智者。具足哪三种[法]呢?见罪过为罪过;见罪过为罪过之后,如法悔改;而对他人忏悔罪过,如法接受。诸比丘,具足这三种法的,应知[他]是智者。因此……第四[经]。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Accayaṃ accayato passati, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti, parassa kho pana accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Tasmātiha…. Catutthaṃ.
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五、不如理经

5. Ayonisosuttaṃ
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五、“诸比丘,具足三种法的,应知[他]是愚人。具足哪三种[法]呢?是不如理地提问者,是不如理地解答问题者,而对他人以圆满、连贯、切当的文句如理解答的问题,不是随喜者。诸比丘,具足这三种法的,应知[他]是愚人。

5. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Ayoniso pañhaṃ kattā hoti, ayoniso pañhaṃ vissajjetā hoti, parassa kho pana yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjitaṃ parimaṇḍalehi padabyañjanehi siliṭṭhehi upagatehi nābbhanumoditā hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.
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“诸比丘,具足三种法的,应知[他]是智者。具足哪三种[法]呢?是如理地提问者,是如理地解答问题者,而对他人以圆满、连贯、切当的文句如理解答的问题,是随喜者。诸比丘,具足这三种法的,应知[他]是智者。因此……第五[经]。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Yoniso pañhaṃ kattā hoti, yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjetā hoti, parassa kho pana yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjitaṃ parimaṇḍalehi padabyañjanehi siliṭṭhehi upagatehi abbhanumoditā hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Tasmātiha…. Pañcamaṃ.
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六、不善经

6. Akusalasuttaṃ
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六、“诸比丘,具足三种法的,应知[他]是愚人。具足哪三种[法]呢?不善的身业、不善的语业、不善的意业。诸比丘,具足这三种法的,应知[他]是愚人。

6. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Akusalena kāyakammena, akusalena vacīkammena, akusalena manokammena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.
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“诸比丘,具足三种法的,应知[他]是智者。具足哪三种[法]呢?善的身业、善的语业、善的意业。诸比丘,具足这三种法的,应知[他]是智者。因此……第六[经]。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Kusalena kāyakammena, kusalena vacīkammena, kusalena manokammena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Tasmātiha…. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
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七、有罪经

7. Sāvajjasuttaṃ
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七、“诸比丘,具足三种法的,应知[他]是愚人。具足哪三种[法]呢?有罪的身业、有罪的语业、有罪的意业……乃至……无罪的身业、无罪的语业、无罪的意业……乃至……第七[经]。

7. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Sāvajjena kāyakammena, sāvajjena vacīkammena, sāvajjena manokammena…pe… anavajjena kāyakammena, anavajjena vacīkammena, anavajjena manokammena…pe…. Sattamaṃ.
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八、有恼害经

8. Sabyābajjhasuttaṃ
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八、“诸比丘,具足三种法的,应知[他]是愚人。具足哪三种[法]呢?有恼害的身业、有恼害的语业、有恼害的意业……乃至……无恼害的身业、无恼害的语业、无恼害的意业。诸比丘,具足这三种法的,应知[他]是智者。

8. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Sabyābajjhena kāyakammena, sabyābajjhena vacīkammena, sabyābajjhena manokammena…pe… abyābajjhena kāyakammena, abyābajjhena vacīkammena, abyābajjhena manokammena. Imehi, kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo.
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“因此,诸比丘,你们应当这样修学:‘具足哪三种法的应知是愚人,我们要回避那三种法;具足哪三种法的应知是智者,我们要受持那三种法而行。’诸比丘,你们应当这样修学。”第八[经]。

‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo te tayo dhamme abhinivajjetvā, yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo te tayo dhamme samādāya vattissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba’’nti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
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九、受损经

9. Khatasuttaṃ
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九、“诸比丘,具足三种法的愚人、不明达者、非善士,守护受损、受害的自己,是有罪的,为智者所呵,生起许多非福。具足哪三种[法]呢?身恶行、语恶行、意恶行。诸比丘,具足这三种法的愚人、不明达者、非善士,守护受损、受害的自己,是有罪的,为智者所呵,生起许多非福。

9. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyaduccaritena, vacīduccaritena, manoduccaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati.
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“诸比丘,具足三种法的智者、明达者、善士,守护未受损、未受害的自己,是无罪的,不为智者所呵,生起许多福。具足哪三种[法]呢?身善行、语善行、意善行。诸比丘,具足这三种法的智者、明达者、善士,守护未受损、未受害的自己,是无罪的,不为智者所呵,生起许多福。”第九[经]。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavati. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyasucaritena, vacīsucaritena, manosucaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
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十、垢经

10. Malasuttaṃ
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十、“诸比丘,具足三种法者,不舍断三种垢,便如被取来放下[一般],就这样[堕]在地狱中。具足哪三种[法]呢?他是破戒者,而他的破戒之垢未断;他是嫉妒者,而他的嫉之垢未断;他是悭吝者,而他的悭之垢未断。诸比丘,具足这三种法者,不舍断这三种垢,便如被取来放下[一般],就这样[堕]在地狱中。

10. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato tayo male appahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi tīhi? Dussīlo ca hoti, dussīlyamalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti; issukī ca hoti, issāmalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti; maccharī ca hoti, maccheramalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato ime tayo male appahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
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“诸比丘,具足三种法者,舍断三种垢,便如被取来放下[一般],就这样[生]在天界中。具足哪三种[法]呢?他是持戒者,而他的破戒之垢已断;他是不嫉妒者,而他的嫉之垢已断;他是不悭吝者,而他的悭之垢已断。诸比丘,具足这三种法者,舍断这三种垢,便如被取来放下[一般],就这样[生]在天界中。”第十[经]。

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato tayo male pahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi tīhi? Sīlavā ca hoti, dussīlyamalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti; anissukī ca hoti, issāmalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti; amaccharī ca hoti, maccheramalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato ime tayo male pahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
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愚人品第一。

Bālavaggo paṭhamo.
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其摄颂——

怖畏、相与思,罪过及不如理;

不善与有罪,有恼害、受损、垢。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Bhayaṃ lakkhaṇacintī ca, accayañca ayoniso;
Akusalañca sāvajjaṃ, sabyābajjhakhataṃ malanti.