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增支部 · 十集·优波离品 Upālivaggo

本经目录四、优波离品一、优波离经二、波罗提木叉遮止经三、断事人经四、具足戒经五、依止经六、沙弥经七、破僧经八、僧团和合经九、第一阿难经十、第二阿难经优波离品第四。

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四、优波离品

4. Upālivaggo
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一、优波离经

1. Upālisuttaṃ
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三十一、那时,具寿优波离(Upāli)来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿优波离对世尊这样说——“尊者,如来依据多少义利,为弟子们制定了学处、诵出了波罗提木叉呢?”

31. Atha kho āyasmā upāli yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā upāli bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, bhante, atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ uddiṭṭha’’nti?
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“优波离,如来依据十种义利,为弟子们制定了学处、诵出了波罗提木叉。哪十种[义利]呢?为了僧团的良好、为了僧团的安乐、为了制伏无羞之人、为了善良比丘们的安乐住、为了防护现法的诸漏、为了遣除来世的诸漏、为了令未净信者净信、为了令已净信者增长、为了正法的住立、为了摄护律——优波离,如来依据这十种义利,为弟子们制定了学处、诵出了波罗提木叉。”第一[经]。

‘‘Dasa kho, upāli, atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ uddiṭṭhaṃ. Katame dasa? Saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya, dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāya, pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāya, diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ āsavānaṃ saṃvarāya, samparāyikānaṃ āsavānaṃ paṭighātāya, appasannānaṃ pasādāya, pasannānaṃ bhiyyobhāvāya, saddhammaṭṭhitiyā, vinayānuggahāya – ime kho, upāli, dasa atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ uddiṭṭha’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
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二、波罗提木叉遮止经

2. Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāsuttaṃ
32PTS 5.71缅 3.312已对照

三十二、“尊者,有多少波罗提木叉的遮止呢?”“优波离,有十种波罗提木叉的遮止。哪十种[遮止]呢?犯波罗夷者坐在那会众中,关于波罗夷的谈论尚未了结;未受具足戒者坐在那会众中,关于未受具足戒者的谈论尚未了结;舍弃学处者坐在那会众中,关于舍弃学处者的谈论尚未了结;黄门坐在那会众中,关于黄门的谈论尚未了结;污比丘尼者坐在那会众中,关于污比丘尼者的谈论尚未了结——优波离,这就是十种波罗提木叉的遮止。”第二[经]。

32. ‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā’’ti? ‘‘Dasa kho, upāli, pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā. Katame dasa? Pārājiko tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, pārājikakathā vippakatā hoti, anupasampanno tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, anupasampannakathā vippakatā hoti, sikkhaṃ paccakkhātako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, sikkhaṃ paccakkhātakakathā vippakatā hoti, paṇḍako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, paṇḍakakathā vippakatā hoti, bhikkhunidūsako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, bhikkhunidūsakakathā vippakatā hoti – ime kho, upāli, dasa pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
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三、断事人经

3. Ubbāhikāsuttaṃ
33PTS 5.72已对照

三十三、“尊者,具足多少法的比丘,应被认可为断事人呢?”“优波离,具足十种法的比丘,应被认可为断事人。具足哪十种[法]呢?优波离,在此,比丘具戒,以波罗提木叉律仪防护而住,具足正行与行处,于微细的罪过也见怖畏,受持学处而学习;是多闻者、忆持所闻者、积集所闻者,凡是那些初善、中善、后善的,具足义理与文句的,显示完全圆满、遍净的梵行的法,他对这样的诸法多闻、忆持、以语熟习、以意随观察、以见善通达;两部波罗提木叉为他详细善诵、善分别、善转、善决断,依经、依随文;他住立于律,不被牵动;他有能力令当事者双方了知、令明了、令审视、令看见、令净信;他是诤事之生起与平息的善巧者——他了知诤事;他了知诤事的集起;他了知诤事的灭;他了知导至诤事之灭的道。优波离,具足这十种法的比丘,应被认可为断事人。”第三[经]。

33. [cūḷava. 231] ‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo’’ti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti; pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ [satthā sabyañjanā (sī.) evamuparipi] kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso; vinaye kho pana ṭhito hoti asaṃhīro; paṭibalo hoti ubho atthapaccatthike saññāpetuṃ paññāpetuṃ nijjhāpetuṃ pekkhetuṃ pasādetuṃ; adhikaraṇasamuppādavūpasamakusalo hoti – adhikaraṇaṃ jānāti; adhikaraṇasamudayaṃ jānāti; adhikaraṇanirodhaṃ jānāti; adhikaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ jānāti. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
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四、具足戒经

4. Upasampadāsuttaṃ
34缅 3.313已对照

三十四、“尊者,应由具足多少法的比丘授具足戒呢?”“优波离,应由具足十种法的比丘授具足戒。具足哪十种[法]呢?优波离,在此,比丘具戒,以波罗提木叉律仪防护而住,具足正行与行处,于微细的罪过也见怖畏,受持学处而学习;是多闻者、忆持所闻者、积集所闻者,凡是那些初善、中善、后善的,具足义理与文句的,显示完全圆满、遍净的梵行的法,他对这样的诸法多闻、忆持、以语熟习、以意随观察、以见善通达;波罗提木叉为他详细善诵、善分别、善转、善决断,依经、依随文;他有能力看护病者,或令[他人]看护;他有能力除去不乐,或令[他人]除去;他有能力依法除遣已生起的追悔;他有能力依法令[他]离脱已生起的见执;他有能力劝导[他]于增上戒;他有能力劝导[他]于增上心;他有能力劝导[他]于增上慧。优波离,应由具足这十种法的比丘授具足戒。”第四[经]。

34. ‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabba’’nti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṃ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṃ hoti suvibhattaṃ suppavattaṃ suvinicchitaṃ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ dhammato vivecetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhicitte samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhipaññāya samādapetuṃ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabba’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
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五、依止经

5. Nissayasuttaṃ
35PTS 5.73已对照

三十五、“尊者,应由具足多少法的比丘给予依止呢?”“优波离,应由具足十种法的比丘给予依止。具足哪十种[法]呢?优波离,在此,比丘具戒……乃至……受持学处而学习;是多闻者……乃至……以见善通达;波罗提木叉为他详细善诵、善分别、善转、善决断,依经、依随文;他有能力看护病者,或令[他人]看护;他有能力除去不乐,或令[他人]除去;他有能力依法除遣已生起的追悔;他有能力依法令[他]离脱已生起的见执;他有能力劝导[他]于增上戒……乃至……于增上心……于增上慧。优波离,应由具足这十种法的比丘给予依止。”第五[经]。

35. ‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo’’ti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṃ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṃ hoti suvibhattaṃ suppavattaṃ suvinicchitaṃ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ dhammato vivecetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle…pe… adhicitte… adhipaññāya samādapetuṃ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
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六、沙弥经

6. Sāmaṇerasuttaṃ
36缅 3.314已对照

三十六、“尊者,应由具足多少法的比丘畜沙弥呢?”“优波离,应由具足十种法的比丘畜沙弥。具足哪十种[法]呢?优波离,在此,比丘具戒……乃至……受持学处而学习;是多闻者……乃至……以见善通达;波罗提木叉为他详细善诵、善分别、善转、善决断,依经、依随文;他有能力看护病者,或令[他人]看护;他有能力除去不乐,或令[他人]除去;他有能力依法除遣已生起的追悔;他有能力依法令[他]离脱已生起的见执;他有能力劝导[他]于增上戒;他有能力劝导[他]于增上心;他有能力劝导[他]于增上慧。优波离,应由具足这十种法的比丘畜沙弥。”第六[经]。

36. ‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo’’ti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṃ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṃ hoti suvibhattaṃ suppavattaṃ suvinicchitaṃ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ dhammato vivecetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhicitte samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhipaññāya samādapetuṃ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
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七、破僧经

7. Saṅghabhedasuttaṃ
37PTS 5.74已对照

三十七、“尊者,人们说‘破僧、破僧’。尊者,到什么程度,僧团才被破呢?”“优波离,在此,比丘们把非法显明为法,把法显明为非法,把非律显明为律,把律显明为非律,把如来未说、未言的[语]显明为如来所说、所言的[语],把如来所说、所言的[语]显明为如来未说、未言的[语],把如来所不常行的显明为如来所常行的,把如来所常行的显明为如来所不常行的,把如来未制定的显明为如来所制定的,把如来所制定的显明为如来未制定的。他们以这十种事牵引[会众]、牵离[会众],别作诸羯磨,别诵波罗提木叉。优波离,到这个程度,僧团就被破了。”第七[经]。

37. ‘‘‘Saṅghabhedo saṅghabhedo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idhupāli, bhikkhū adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi avakassanti apakassanti āveni [āveniṃ (cūḷava. 352) āveṇi, āveṇikaṃ (tattheva adholipi)] kammāni karonti āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, upāli, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
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八、僧团和合经

8. Saṅghasāmaggīsuttaṃ
38缅 3.315已对照

三十八、“尊者,人们说‘僧团和合、僧团和合’。尊者,到什么程度,僧团才是和合的呢?”“优波离,在此,比丘们把非法显明为非法,把法显明为法,把非律显明为非律,把律显明为律,把如来未说、未言的[语]显明为如来未说、未言的[语],把如来所说、所言的[语]显明为如来所说、所言的[语],把如来所不常行的显明为如来所不常行的,把如来所常行的显明为如来所常行的,把如来未制定的显明为如来未制定的,把如来所制定的显明为如来所制定的。他们不以这十种事牵引[会众]、不牵离[会众],不别作诸羯磨,不别诵波罗提木叉。优波离,到这个程度,僧团就是和合的。”第八[经]。

38. [cūḷava. 353] ‘‘‘Saṅghasāmaggī saṅghasāmaggī’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idhupāli, bhikkhū adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ avinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi na avakassanti na apakassanti na āveni kammāni karonti na āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, upāli, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
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九、第一阿难经

9. Paṭhamaānandasuttaṃ
39PTS 5.75已对照

三十九、那时,具寿阿难来到世尊之处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿阿难对世尊这样说——“尊者,人们说‘破僧、破僧’。尊者,到什么程度,僧团才被破呢?”“阿难,在此,比丘们把非法显明为法,把法显明为非法,把非律显明为律……乃至……把如来所制定的显明为如来未制定的。他们以这十种事牵引[会众]、牵离[会众],别作诸羯磨,别诵波罗提木叉。阿难,到这个程度,僧团就被破了。”

39. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘saṅghabhedo saṅghabhedo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idhānanda, bhikkhū adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti…pe… paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi avakassanti apakassanti āveni kammāni karonti āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, ānanda, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti.
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“尊者,那么,破了和合的僧团之后,他生起什么呢?”“阿难,他生起延续一劫的罪恶。”“尊者,那么,什么是延续一劫的罪恶呢?”“阿难,[他]在地狱受煮一劫——

‘‘Samaggaṃ pana, bhante, saṅghaṃ bhinditvā kiṃ so pasavatī’’ti? ‘‘Kappaṭṭhikaṃ, ānanda, kibbisaṃ pasavatī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana, bhante, kappaṭṭhikaṃ kibbisa’’nti? ‘‘Kappaṃ, ānanda, nirayamhi paccatīti –
PTS 5.76已对照

“破僧者是堕恶趣者、堕地狱者,延续一劫;

‘‘Āpāyiko nerayiko, kappaṭṭho saṅghabhedako;
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喜于分党、住于非法者,从瑜伽安稳退失;

Vaggarato adhammaṭṭho, yogakkhemā padhaṃsati;
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破了和合的僧团之后,在地狱受煮一劫。”第九[经]。

Saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ bhinditvā [bhetvāna (sī. syā.), bhitvāna (ka.) cūḷava. 354; itivu. 18; kathāva. 657] kappaṃ nirayamhi paccatī’’ti. navamaṃ;
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十、第二阿难经

10. Dutiyaānandasuttaṃ
40缅 3.316已对照

四十、“尊者,人们说‘僧团和合、僧团和合’。尊者,到什么程度,僧团才是和合的呢?”“阿难,在此,比丘们把非法显明为非法,把法显明为法,把非律显明为非律,把律显明为律,把如来未说、未言的[语]显明为如来未说、未言的[语],把如来所说、所言的[语]显明为如来所说、所言的[语],把如来所不常行的显明为如来所不常行的,把如来所常行的显明为如来所常行的,把如来未制定的显明为如来未制定的,把如来所制定的显明为如来所制定的。他们不以这十种事牵引[会众]、不牵离[会众],不别作诸羯磨,不别诵波罗提木叉。阿难,到这个程度,僧团就是和合的。”

40. ‘‘‘Saṅghasāmaggī saṅghasāmaggī’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idhānanda, bhikkhū adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ avinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi na avakassanti na apakassanti na āveni kammāni karonti na āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, ānanda, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti.
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“尊者,那么,令已破的僧团和合之后,他生起什么呢?”“阿难,他生起梵福。”“尊者,那么,什么是梵福呢?”“阿难,[他]在天界欢喜一劫——

‘‘Bhinnaṃ pana, bhante, saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ katvā kiṃ so pasavatī’’ti? ‘‘Brahmaṃ, ānanda, puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana, bhante, brahmaṃ puñña’’nti? ‘‘Kappaṃ, ānanda, saggamhi modatīti –
PTS 5.77已对照

“僧团的和合是乐,以及和合者的[互相]摄助;

‘‘Sukhā saṅghassa sāmaggī, samaggānañca anuggaho;
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喜于和合、住于法者,不从瑜伽安稳退失;

Samaggarato dhammaṭṭho, yogakkhemā na dhaṃsati;
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令僧团和合之后,在天界欢喜一劫。”第十[经]。

Saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ katvāna, kappaṃ saggamhi modatī’’ti. dasamaṃ;
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优波离品第四。

Upālivaggo catuttho.
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其摄颂——

优波离、遮止、断事人,具足戒、依止;

沙弥以及两破[僧],后两阿难。

Tassuddānaṃ –
Upāli ṭhapanā ubbāho, upasampadanissayā;
Sāmaṇero ca dve bhedā, ānandehi pare duveti.