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长部第4经 · 种德经 Soṇadaṇḍasutta

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本经目录4.种德经(Soṇadaṇḍasutta)瞻波的婆罗门居士们种德功德之论佛陀功德之论种德的思虑婆罗门的施设戒与慧之论种德表明为优婆塞(upāsaka)

4.种德经(Soṇadaṇḍasutta)4. Soṇadaṇḍasuttaṃ

瞻波的婆罗门居士们Campeyyakabrāhmaṇagahapatikā

300PTS 1.111缅 1.104已对照

如是我闻:一时,世尊(Bhagavā)在鸯伽国(Aṅga)游行,与约五百位比丘(bhikkhu)组成的大比丘僧团一起,抵达瞻波(Campā)。在那里,世尊住在瞻波的伽伽罗莲花池(Gaggarāpokkharaṇī)畔。那时,婆罗门(brāhmaṇa)种德(Soṇadaṇḍa)住在瞻波,[该地]人口众多,草料、薪木、水源俱全,谷物丰饶,是王家领地,为摩揭陀(Magadha)国王洗尼耶·频婆娑罗(SeniyaBimbisāra)所赐的王家赏赐、梵分之地。

. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi yena campā tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ.
301PTS 1.112已对照

瞻波的婆罗门居士(gahapati)们听说:“诸位,沙门(samaṇa)乔达摩(Gotama)——释迦(sakya)子,从释迦家族出家者——在鸯伽国游行,与约五百位比丘组成的大比丘僧团一起,已到达瞻波,住在瞻波的伽伽罗莲花池畔。关于那位乔达摩尊师,有这样的善名声传扬:‘那位世尊亦即是阿罗汉(arahant)、正等正觉者(sammāsambuddha)、明行具足(vijjācaraṇasampanna)、善逝(sugata)、世间解(lokavidū)、无上者、调御丈夫(anuttarapurisadammasārathi)、天人导师(satthādevamanussānaṃ)、佛陀(buddha)、世尊。’他自己以证智证知这个有诸天、魔(māra)、梵天(brahma)的世间,以及有沙门、婆罗门、诸天与人的人众之后,予以宣说。他教导初善、中善、后善的,具足义理与文句的法,显示完全圆满、遍净的梵行(brahmacariya)。能够见到这样的阿罗汉,真是很好。”于是,瞻波的婆罗门居士们从瞻波出来,成群结队,前往伽伽罗莲花池。

. Assosuṃ kho campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā – ‘‘samaṇo khalu bho gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti. Atha kho campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī [saṅghā saṅghī (sī. syā. pī.)] gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamanti.
302PTS 1.113缅 1.105已对照

那时,婆罗门种德正在高楼上作日间休息。婆罗门种德看见瞻波的婆罗门居士们从瞻波出来,成群结队,前往伽伽罗莲花池。见了之后,他唤来侍从官(khattā),问道:“侍从官,究竟为什么瞻波的婆罗门居士们从瞻波出来,成群结队,前往伽伽罗莲花池呢?”“尊师,有沙门乔达摩——释迦子,从释迦家族出家者——在鸯伽国游行,与约五百位比丘组成的大比丘僧团一起,已到达瞻波,住在瞻波的伽伽罗莲花池畔。关于那位乔达摩尊师,有这样的善名声传扬:‘那位世尊亦即是阿罗汉、正等正觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上者、调御丈夫、天人导师、佛陀、世尊。’他们就是为了见那位乔达摩尊师而前往的。”“那么,侍从官,你去瞻波的婆罗门居士们那里;到了之后,对瞻波的婆罗门居士们这样说:‘诸位,婆罗门种德这样说:请诸位尊师稍候,婆罗门种德也将前去见沙门乔达摩。’”“是的,尊师。”那位侍从官应诺婆罗门种德后,前往瞻波的婆罗门居士们那里;到了之后,对瞻波的婆罗门居士们说:“诸位,婆罗门种德这样说:‘请诸位尊师稍候,婆罗门种德也将前去见沙门乔达摩。’”

. Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo uparipāsāde divāseyyaṃ upagato hoti. Addasā kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī [saṅghe saṅghī (sī. pī.) saṅghā saṅghī (syā.)] gaṇībhūte yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamante. Disvā khattaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, bho khatte, campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamantī’’ti? ‘‘Atthi kho, bho, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Tamete bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bho khatte, yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike evaṃ vadehi – ‘soṇadaṇḍo, bho, brāhmaṇo evamāha – āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho so khattā soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike etadavoca – ‘‘soṇadaṇḍo bho brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’’ti.

种德功德之论Soṇadaṇḍaguṇakathā

303已对照

那时,有来自不同国土的约五百位婆罗门,因某种事务住在瞻波。那些婆罗门听说:“据说婆罗门种德将前去见沙门乔达摩。”于是,那些婆罗门来到婆罗门种德那里;到了之后,对婆罗门种德说:“种德尊师真的将前去见沙门乔达摩吗?”“诸位,我确实这样想:‘我也要前去见沙门乔达摩。’”

. Tena kho pana samayena nānāverajjakānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ pañcamattāni brāhmaṇasatāni campāyaṃ paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Assosuṃ kho te brāhmaṇā – ‘‘soṇadaṇḍo kira brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti. Atha kho te brāhmaṇā yena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘saccaṃ kira bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ kho me, bho, hoti – ‘ahampi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmī’’’ti.
缅 1.106已对照

“请种德尊师不要前去见沙门乔达摩!种德尊师不应当前去见沙门乔达摩。如果种德尊师前去见沙门乔达摩,种德尊师的声誉将会减损,沙门乔达摩的声誉将会增长。正因为种德尊师的声誉将会减损、沙门乔达摩的声誉将会增长——就凭这一支[理由],种德尊师就不应当前去见沙门乔达摩,而是沙门乔达摩才应当前来见种德尊师。”

‘‘Mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkami. Na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Sace bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissati, bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati. Yampi bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
已对照

“种德尊师于母方与父方两方面都是善生,受胎清净,直至第七代祖父,就出身论不受摈斥、不受讥毁。正因为种德尊师于母方与父方两方面都是善生,受胎清净,直至第七代祖父,就出身论不受摈斥、不受讥毁——就凭这一支[理由],种德尊师就不应当前去见沙门乔达摩,而是沙门乔达摩才应当前来见种德尊师。”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
已对照

“种德尊师富裕,有大财富、大受用……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo…pe…
PTS 1.114已对照

“种德尊师是读诵者、持圣典者,通达三吠陀(veda),及其语汇、仪轨、音韵与语源分析,以及作为第五的古传说;通晓语句、精通文法,于顺世论及大丈夫相(mahāpurisalakkhaṇa)圆满无缺……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo ajjhāyako, mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo…pe…
已对照

“种德尊师相貌俊美,令人喜见,令人净信,具足最上的容色之美,有梵天般的容色、梵天般的威光,仪表可观、见之不凡……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī [brahmaḍḍhī (sī.), brahmavaccasī (pī.)] akhuddāvakāso dassanāya…pe…
已对照

“种德尊师是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo sīlavā vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato…pe…
已对照

“种德尊师言语良善,善于言辞,具足文雅的言语——清晰流利、无有瑕疵,能令人了知义理……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo kalyāṇavāco kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya [aneḷagalāya (sī. pī.), anelagaḷāya (ka)] atthassa viññāpaniyā…pe…
缅 1.107已对照

“种德尊师是众多人的老师及老师的老师,教授三百位青年读诵圣典。又有众多青年从各个方向、各个地区来到种德尊师跟前,希求圣典,想要学习圣典……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo bahūnaṃ ācariyapācariyo tīṇi māṇavakasatāni mante vāceti. Bahū kho pana nānādisā nānājanapadā māṇavakā āgacchanti bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa santike mantatthikā mante adhiyitukāmā …pe…
已对照

“种德尊师年迈、年长、高龄,年事已高,已至暮年;而沙门乔达摩既年轻,出家也未久……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto; samaṇo gotamo taruṇo ceva taruṇapabbajito ca…pe…
已对照

“种德尊师受到摩揭陀国王洗尼耶·频婆娑罗的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养、礼敬……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
已对照

“种德尊师受到婆罗门沸伽罗娑罗(Pokkharasāti)的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养、礼敬……乃至……”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
已对照

“种德尊师住在瞻波,[该地]人口众多,草料、薪木、水源俱全,谷物丰饶,是王家领地,为摩揭陀国王洗尼耶·频婆娑罗所赐的王家赏赐、梵分之地。正因为种德尊师住在瞻波——[该地]人口众多,草料、薪木、水源俱全,谷物丰饶,是王家领地,为摩揭陀国王洗尼耶·频婆娑罗所赐的王家赏赐、梵分之地——就凭这一支[理由],种德尊师就不应当前去见沙门乔达摩,而是沙门乔达摩才应当前来见种德尊师。”

‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ, rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Yampi bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ, rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitu’’nti.

佛陀功德之论Buddhaguṇakathā

304已对照

如是说时,婆罗门种德对那些婆罗门说:

. Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca –
PTS 1.115缅 1.108已对照

“那么,诸位,请你们也听我说:正是我们才应当前去见那位乔达摩尊师,而那位乔达摩尊师不应当前来见我们。诸位,沙门乔达摩于母方与父方两方面都是善生,受胎清净,直至第七代祖父,就出身论不受摈斥、不受讥毁。正因为沙门乔达摩于母方与父方两方面都是善生,受胎清净,直至第七代祖父,就出身论不受摈斥、不受讥毁——就凭这一支[理由],那位乔达摩尊师就不应当前来见我们,而正是我们才应当前去见那位乔达摩尊师。”

‘‘Tena hi, bho, mamapi suṇātha, yathā mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; natveva arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi bho samaṇo gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; atha kho mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩舍弃了众多的亲族而出家……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo mahantaṃ ñātisaṅghaṃ ohāya pabbajito…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩舍弃了大量的黄金钱财——埋藏在地下的与储放在楼阁上的——而出家……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo pahūtaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ ohāya pabbajito bhūmigatañca vehāsaṭṭhaṃ ca…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩正当年少,是发色乌黑的青年,具足美好的青春,在人生的初期,便舍离俗家而出家,成为无家者……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo daharova samāno yuvā susukāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato paṭhamena vayasā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩在父母不愿意、泪流满面地哭泣之时,剃除须发,披上袈裟(kāsāya)衣,舍离俗家而出家,成为无家者……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo akāmakānaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ assumukhānaṃ rudantānaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩相貌俊美,令人喜见,令人净信,具足最上的容色之美,有梵天般的容色、梵天般的威光,仪表可观、见之不凡……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, brahmavaṇṇī, brahmavacchasī, akhuddāvakāso dassanāya…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩是持戒者,戒行圣洁,戒行善良,具足善良的戒行……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sīlavā ariyasīlī kusalasīlī kusalasīlena samannāgato…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩言语良善,善于言辞,具足文雅的言语——清晰流利、无有瑕疵,能令人了知义理……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo kalyāṇavāco kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩是众多人的老师及老师的老师……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo bahūnaṃ ācariyapācariyo…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩已灭尽欲贪(kāmarāga),离于轻浮……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo khīṇakāmarāgo vigatacāpallo…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩是业论者、所作论者,对婆罗门人众不怀恶意……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo kammavādī kiriyavādī apāpapurekkhāro brahmaññāya pajāya…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩从高贵的家族出家,即血统未杂的刹帝利(khattiya)家族……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo uccā kulā pabbajito asambhinnakhattiyakulā…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩从富裕的家族出家,即有大财富、大受用的家族……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo aḍḍhā kulā pabbajito mahaddhanā mahābhogā…pe…
PTS 1.116缅 1.109已对照

“诸位,人们从其他国土、其他地方前来向沙门乔达摩请问问题……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ tiroraṭṭhā tirojanapadā pañhaṃ pucchituṃ āgacchanti…pe…
已对照

“诸位,有数以千计的诸天(devatā)终生皈依了沙门乔达摩……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ anekāni devatāsahassāni pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gatāni…pe…
已对照

“诸位,关于沙门乔达摩,有这样的善名声传扬:‘那位世尊亦即是阿罗汉、正等正觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上者、调御丈夫、天人导师、佛陀、世尊。’……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ ti…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩具足三十二大丈夫相……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩是说‘来吧,欢迎!’者,言语亲切,善于问候,不皱眉头,面容开朗,总是先开口[攀谈]……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ehisvāgatavādī sakhilo sammodako abbhākuṭiko uttānamukho pubbabhāsī…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩受到四众的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养、礼敬……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo catunnaṃ parisānaṃ sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
已对照

“诸位,许多诸天与人类对沙门乔达摩深怀净信……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇe khalu, bho, gotame bahū devā ca manussā ca abhippasannā…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩住在哪个村庄或市镇,在那个村庄或市镇,非人(amanussa)就不会恼害人们……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā paṭivasati, na tasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā amanussā manusse viheṭhenti…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩拥有僧团,拥有会众,是会众之师,在众多派别的宗师(titthakara)中被称为最上者。诸位,那些沙门、婆罗门的声誉是以这样或那样的方式获得的,而沙门乔达摩的声誉却不是这样获得的;沙门乔达摩的声誉是以无上的明行成就而获得的……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo saṅghī gaṇī gaṇācariyo puthutitthakarānaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Yathā kho pana, bho, etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ yathā vā tathā vā yaso samudāgacchati, na hevaṃ samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato. Atha kho anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato…pe…
已对照

“诸位,摩揭陀国王洗尼耶·频婆娑罗与儿子、妻子、随从、大臣一起,终生皈依了沙门乔达摩……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
缅 1.110已对照

“诸位,憍萨罗(Kosala)国王波斯匿(Pasenadi)与儿子、妻子、随从、大臣一起,终生皈依了沙门乔达摩……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
已对照

“诸位,婆罗门沸伽罗娑罗与儿子、妻子、随从、大臣一起,终生皈依了沙门乔达摩……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩受到摩揭陀国王洗尼耶·频婆娑罗的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养、礼敬……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩受到憍萨罗国王波斯匿的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养、礼敬……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo rañño pasenadissa kosalassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩受到婆罗门沸伽罗娑罗的恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养、礼敬……乃至……”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
PTS 1.117已对照

“诸位,沙门乔达摩已到达瞻波,住在瞻波的伽伽罗莲花池畔。诸位,凡是来到我们村庄地界的沙门或婆罗门,都是我们的客人;对于客人,我们应当恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养、礼敬。诸位,正因为沙门乔达摩已到达瞻波,住在瞻波的伽伽罗莲花池畔,沙门乔达摩就是我们的客人;对于客人,我们应当恭敬、尊重、敬重、供养、礼敬——就凭这一支[理由],那位乔达摩尊师就不应当前来见我们,而正是我们才应当前去见那位乔达摩尊师。诸位,我所通晓的那位乔达摩尊师的功德就只有这么多,但那位乔达摩尊师并非仅有这么多功德,因为那位乔达摩尊师的功德实是无量的。”

‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo campaṃ anuppatto, campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Ye kho pana, bho, keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā amhākaṃ gāmakhettaṃ āgacchanti atithī no te honti. Atithī kho panamhehi sakkātabbā garukātabbā mānetabbā pūjetabbā apacetabbā. Yampi, bho, samaṇo gotamo campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre, atithimhākaṃ samaṇo gotamo; atithi kho panamhehi sakkātabbo garukātabbo mānetabbo pūjetabbo apacetabbo. Imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Atha kho mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Ettake kho ahaṃ, bho, tassa bhoto gotamassa vaṇṇe pariyāpuṇāmi, no ca kho so bhavaṃ gotamo ettakavaṇṇo. Aparimāṇavaṇṇo hi so bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti.
305已对照

如是说时,那些婆罗门对婆罗门种德说:“正如种德尊师这样称说沙门乔达摩的功德,即使那位乔达摩尊师住在离这里一百由旬(yojana)之处,有信心的良家之子也应当前去见他——哪怕要背负干粮袋[前往]。”[婆罗门种德说:]“那么,诸位,我们全体都前去见沙门乔达摩吧。”

. Evaṃ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yathā kho bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇassa gotamassa vaṇṇe bhāsati ito cepi so bhavaṃ gotamo yojanasate viharati, alameva saddhena kulaputtena dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ api puṭosenā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bho, sabbeva mayaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmā’’ti.

种德的思虑Soṇadaṇḍaparivitakko

306PTS 1.118缅 1.111已对照

于是,婆罗门种德与庞大的婆罗门群众一起,前往伽伽罗莲花池。当婆罗门种德行至丛林深处时,心中生起了这样的思虑:“假如我向沙门乔达摩提问,倘若沙门乔达摩对我这样说:‘婆罗门,这个问题不应这样问;婆罗门,这个问题应当这样问才是。’这会众就会因此轻蔑我:‘婆罗门种德愚痴、不明达,不能如理地向沙门乔达摩提问。’被这会众轻蔑的人,声誉就会减损;声誉减损的人,财富也会减损;而我们的财富正是靠声誉获得的。假如沙门乔达摩向我提问,而我对问题的解答不能令他的心满意;倘若沙门乔达摩对我这样说:‘婆罗门,这个问题不应这样解答;婆罗门,这个问题应当这样解答才是。’这会众就会因此轻蔑我:‘婆罗门种德愚痴、不明达,不能以对问题的解答令沙门乔达摩的心满意。’被这会众轻蔑的人,声誉就会减损;声誉减损的人,财富也会减损;而我们的财富正是靠声誉获得的。可是,假如我已走到这么近,却不见沙门乔达摩就折返,这会众就会因此轻蔑我:‘婆罗门种德愚痴、不明达,憍慢刚愎又胆怯,竟不敢前去见沙门乔达摩——已经走到这么近了,怎么能不见沙门乔达摩就折返呢!’被这会众轻蔑的人,声誉就会减损;声誉减损的人,财富也会减损;而我们的财富正是靠声誉获得的。”

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo mahatā brāhmaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa tirovanasaṇḍagatassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ yoniso pañhaṃ pucchitu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṃ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ na ārādheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ byākātabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādhetu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana evaṃ samīpagato samāno adisvāva samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ nivatteyyaṃ, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto mānathaddho bhīto ca, no visahati samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ, kathañhi nāma evaṃ samīpagato samāno adisvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ nivattissatī’ti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ, yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā’’ti.
307缅 1.112已对照

于是,婆罗门种德前往世尊那里;到了之后,与世尊互相问候;交换了友好、可念的问候话语之后,坐在一旁。瞻波的婆罗门居士们,有些礼敬世尊后坐在一旁;有些与世尊互相问候,交换了友好、可念的问候话语之后,坐在一旁;有些向世尊合掌致敬后坐在一旁;有些报出名姓后坐在一旁;有些默然坐在一旁。

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Campeyyakāpi kho brāhmaṇagahapatikā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu; sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.
308PTS 1.119已对照

婆罗门种德坐在那里时,心中仍多这样寻思:“假如我向沙门乔达摩提问,倘若沙门乔达摩对我这样说:‘婆罗门,这个问题不应这样问;婆罗门,这个问题应当这样问才是。’这会众就会因此轻蔑我:‘婆罗门种德愚痴、不明达,不能如理地向沙门乔达摩提问。’被这会众轻蔑的人,声誉就会减损;声誉减损的人,财富也会减损;而我们的财富正是靠声誉获得的。假如沙门乔达摩向我提问,而我对问题的解答不能令他的心满意;倘若沙门乔达摩对我这样说:‘婆罗门,这个问题不应这样解答;婆罗门,这个问题应当这样解答才是。’这会众就会因此轻蔑我:‘婆罗门种德愚痴、不明达,不能以对问题的解答令沙门乔达摩的心满意。’被这会众轻蔑的人,声誉就会减损;声誉减损的人,财富也会减损;而我们的财富正是靠声誉获得的。啊!但愿沙门乔达摩问我自己老师的三吠陀教典中的问题!那样,我一定能以对问题的解答令他的心满意。”

. Tatrapi sudaṃ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo etadeva bahulamanuvitakkento nisinno hoti – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ yoniso pañhaṃ pucchitu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṃ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ na ārādheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ byākātabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādhetu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Aho vata maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādheyyaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’’ti.

婆罗门的施设Brāhmaṇapaññatti

309缅 1.113已对照

那时,世尊以心了知婆罗门种德心中的思虑,这样想:“这位婆罗门种德正被自己的心所困扰,让我来问婆罗门种德他自己老师的三吠陀教典中的问题吧。”于是,世尊对婆罗门种德说:“婆罗门,具足多少支者,婆罗门们才施设他为婆罗门,而且他说‘我是婆罗门’时是正确地说,不陷于虚妄语呢?”

. Atha kho bhagavato soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi – ‘‘vihaññati kho ayaṃ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo sakena cittena. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katihi pana, brāhmaṇa, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti?
310PTS 1.120已对照

那时,婆罗门种德这样想:“我所欲求的、所期待的、所意欲的、所热望的——‘啊!但愿沙门乔达摩问我自己老师的三吠陀教典中的问题!那样,我一定能以对问题的解答令他的心满意。’——如今沙门乔达摩正是问我自己老师的三吠陀教典中的问题,我必定能以对问题的解答令他的心满意。”

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃ vata no ahosi icchitaṃ, yaṃ ākaṅkhitaṃ, yaṃ adhippetaṃ, yaṃ abhipatthitaṃ – ‘aho vata maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādheyyaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’ti, tatra maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ pucchati. Addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādhessāmi pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’’ti.
311已对照

于是,婆罗门种德挺直身体,环视会众,对世尊说:“乔达摩尊师,具足五支者,婆罗门们即施设他为婆罗门,而且他说‘我是婆罗门’时是正确地说,不陷于虚妄语。是哪五支呢?乔达摩尊师,在此,婆罗门于母方与父方两方面都是善生,受胎清净,直至第七代祖父,就出身论不受摈斥、不受讥毁;他是读诵者、持圣典者,通达三吠陀,及其语汇、仪轨、音韵与语源分析,以及作为第五的古传说;通晓语句、精通文法,于顺世论及大丈夫相圆满无缺;他相貌俊美,令人喜见,令人净信,具足最上的容色之美,有梵天般的容色、梵天般的威光,仪表可观、见之不凡;他是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行;他是智者、聪慧者,在持祭勺者中位居第一或第二。乔达摩尊师,具足这五支者,婆罗门们即施设他为婆罗门,而且他说‘我是婆罗门’时是正确地说,不陷于虚妄语。”

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abbhunnāmetvā kāyaṃ anuviloketvā parisaṃ bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pañcahi, bho gotama, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyya. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako hoti mantadharo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; abhirūpo hoti dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya; sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
PTS 1.121缅 1.114已对照

“婆罗门,在这五支当中,能否除去一支,以具足四支者,婆罗门们施设他为婆罗门,而且他说‘我是婆罗门’时是正确地说,不陷于虚妄语呢?”“可以,乔达摩尊师。乔达摩尊师,在这五支当中,我们可以除去容色。容色究竟能起什么作用呢?乔达摩尊师,只要婆罗门于母方与父方两方面都是善生,受胎清净,直至第七代祖父,就出身论不受摈斥、不受讥毁;他是读诵者、持圣典者,通达三吠陀,及其语汇、仪轨、音韵与语源分析,以及作为第五的古传说;通晓语句、精通文法,于顺世论及大丈夫相圆满无缺;他是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行;他是智者、聪慧者,在持祭勺者中位居第一或第二。乔达摩尊师,具足这四支者,婆罗门们即施设他为婆罗门,而且他说‘我是婆罗门’时是正确地说,不陷于虚妄语。”

‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, pañcannaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, pañcannaṃ aṅgānaṃ vaṇṇaṃ ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi vaṇṇo karissati? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako ca hoti mantadharo ca tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho bho gotama catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
312已对照

“婆罗门,在这四支当中,能否除去一支,以具足三支者,婆罗门们施设他为婆罗门,而且他说‘我是婆罗门’时是正确地说,不陷于虚妄语呢?”“可以,乔达摩尊师。乔达摩尊师,在这四支当中,我们可以除去圣典。圣典究竟能起什么作用呢?乔达摩尊师,只要婆罗门于母方与父方两方面都是善生,受胎清净,直至第七代祖父,就出身论不受摈斥、不受讥毁;他是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行;他是智者、聪慧者,在持祭勺者中位居第一或第二。乔达摩尊师,具足这三支者,婆罗门们即施设他为婆罗门,而且他说‘我是婆罗门’时是正确地说,不陷于虚妄语。”

. ‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, catunnaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, catunnaṃ aṅgānaṃ mante ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi mantā karissanti? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
缅 1.115已对照

“婆罗门,在这三支当中,能否除去一支,以具足两支者,婆罗门们施设他为婆罗门,而且他说‘我是婆罗门’时是正确地说,不陷于虚妄语呢?”“可以,乔达摩尊师。乔达摩尊师,在这三支当中,我们可以除去出身。出身究竟能起什么作用呢?乔达摩尊师,只要婆罗门是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行;又是智者、聪慧者,在持祭勺者中位居第一或第二。乔达摩尊师,具足这两支者,婆罗门们即施设他为婆罗门,而且他说‘我是婆罗门’时是正确地说,不陷于虚妄语。”

‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, tiṇṇaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, tiṇṇaṃ aṅgānaṃ jātiṃ ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi jāti karissati? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
313PTS 1.122已对照

如是说时,那些婆罗门对婆罗门种德说:“请种德尊师不要这样说!请种德尊师不要这样说!种德尊师一向地贬斥容色、贬斥圣典、贬斥出身,种德尊师简直是归附沙门乔达摩的论说了!”

. Evaṃ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo evaṃ avaca, mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo evaṃ avaca. Apavadateva bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṃ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṃ ekaṃsena. Bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṃ anupakkhandatī’’ti.
314已对照

于是,世尊对那些婆罗门说:“婆罗门们,如果你们这样认为:‘婆罗门种德是少闻者,婆罗门种德不善言辞,婆罗门种德是劣慧者,婆罗门种德不足以与沙门乔达摩就此言论进行答辩’,那么就让婆罗门种德且止,你们与我就此言论共论。但如果你们这样认为:‘婆罗门种德是多闻者,婆罗门种德善于言辞,婆罗门种德是智者,婆罗门种德足以与沙门乔达摩就此言论进行答辩’,那么你们且止,让婆罗门种德与我进行答辩。”

. Atha kho bhagavā te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘sace kho tumhākaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘appassuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, akalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, duppañño ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, na ca pahoti soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatu soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, tumhe mayā saddhiṃ mantavho asmiṃ vacane. Sace pana tumhākaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘bahussuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, paṇḍito ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, pahoti ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatha tumhe, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo mayā saddhiṃ paṭimantetū’’ti.
315PTS 1.123已对照

如是说时,婆罗门种德对世尊说:“乔达摩尊师且止!愿乔达摩尊师保持沉默,我自己会如法地回答他们。”于是,婆罗门种德对那些婆罗门说:“请诸位尊师不要这样说!请诸位尊师不要这样说:‘种德尊师一向地贬斥容色、贬斥圣典、贬斥出身,种德尊师简直是归附沙门乔达摩的论说了。’诸位,我并没有贬斥容色、圣典或出身。”

. Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tuṇhī bhavaṃ gotamo hotu, ahameva tesaṃ sahadhammena paṭivacanaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘mā bhavanto evaṃ avacuttha, mā bhavanto evaṃ avacuttha – ‘apavadateva bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṃ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṃ ekaṃsena. Bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṃ anupakkhandatī’ti. Nāhaṃ, bho, apavadāmi vaṇṇaṃ vā mante vā jātiṃ vā’’ti.
316缅 1.116已对照

当时,婆罗门种德的外甥、名叫鸯伽迦(Aṅgaka)的青年,正坐在那会众中。于是,婆罗门种德对那些婆罗门说:“诸位尊师看见我们这位外甥、青年鸯伽迦了吗?”“是的,尊师。”“诸位,青年鸯伽迦相貌俊美,令人喜见,令人净信,具足最上的容色之美,有梵天般的容色、梵天般的威光,仪表可观、见之不凡,在这会众中,除了沙门乔达摩之外,没有人在容色上与他相等。诸位,青年鸯伽迦是读诵者、持圣典者,通达三吠陀,及其语汇、仪轨、音韵与语源分析,以及作为第五的古传说;通晓语句、精通文法,于顺世论及大丈夫相圆满无缺——是我教授他圣典的。青年鸯伽迦于母方与父方两方面都是善生,受胎清净,直至第七代祖父,就出身论不受摈斥、不受讥毁——我认识他的父母。然而,诸位,青年鸯伽迦也可能杀害生命、取不与取、与他人之妻苟合、说虚妄语、饮酒——诸位,在这种情况下,容色能起什么作用?圣典能起什么作用?出身能起什么作用?只要婆罗门是持戒者,戒行增上,具足增上的戒行;又是智者、聪慧者,在持祭勺者中位居第一或第二。诸位,具足这两支者,婆罗门们即施设他为婆罗门,而且他说‘我是婆罗门’时是正确地说,不陷于虚妄语。”

. Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa bhāgineyyo aṅgako nāma māṇavako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘passanti no bhonto imaṃ aṅgakaṃ māṇavakaṃ amhākaṃ bhāgineyya’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’. ‘‘Aṅgako kho, bho, māṇavako abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya, nāssa imissaṃ parisāyaṃ samasamo atthi vaṇṇena ṭhapetvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo. Ahamassa mante vācetā. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Ahamassa mātāpitaro jānāmi. Aṅgako kho māṇavako pāṇampi haneyya, adinnampi ādiyeyya, paradārampi gaccheyya, musāvādampi bhaṇeyya, majjampi piveyya, ettha dāni, bho, kiṃ vaṇṇo karissati, kiṃ mantā, kiṃ jāti? Yato kho, bho, brāhmaṇo sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato, paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.

戒与慧之论Sīlapaññākathā

317PTS 1.124缅 1.117已对照

“婆罗门,在这两支当中,能否除去一支,以具足一支者,婆罗门们施设他为婆罗门,而且他说‘我是婆罗门’时是正确地说,不陷于虚妄语呢?”“乔达摩尊师,确实不然。乔达摩尊师,慧(paññā)由戒(sīla)而洗净,戒由慧而洗净;有戒之处必有慧,有慧之处必有戒;持戒者有慧,具慧者有戒;而戒与慧被称为世间最上。乔达摩尊师,犹如以手洗手、以足洗足;正是如此,乔达摩尊师,慧由戒而洗净,戒由慧而洗净;有戒之处必有慧,有慧之处必有戒;持戒者有慧,具慧者有戒;而戒与慧被称为世间最上。”“正是这样,婆罗门!正是这样,婆罗门!婆罗门,慧由戒而洗净,戒由慧而洗净;有戒之处必有慧,有慧之处必有戒;持戒者有慧,具慧者有戒;而戒与慧被称为世间最上。婆罗门,犹如以手洗手、以足洗足;正是如此,婆罗门,慧由戒而洗净,戒由慧而洗净;有戒之处必有慧,有慧之处必有戒;持戒者有慧,具慧者有戒;而戒与慧被称为世间最上。”

. ‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā ekena aṅgena samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama. Sīlaparidhotā hi, bho gotama, paññā; paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, hatthena vā hatthaṃ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṃ dhoveyya; evameva kho, bho gotama, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’ti. ‘‘Evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa, evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā hi, brāhmaṇa, paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, hatthena vā hatthaṃ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṃ dhoveyya; evameva kho, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati.
318已对照

“婆罗门,那么,什么是那戒?什么是那慧?”“乔达摩尊师,对于此义,我们至多只能到此为止。实在最好由乔达摩尊师亲自阐明这句话的意义。”“那么,婆罗门,你要谛听,好好作意,我要说了。”“是的,尊师。”婆罗门种德回答世尊。世尊这样说:“婆罗门,于此,如来(Tathāgata)出现于世间,是阿罗汉、正等正觉者……乃至……[如《沙门果经》第190–212段所述广说]婆罗门,比丘就是这样具足戒的。婆罗门,这就是那戒。……乃至……成就并住于初禅……乃至……第二禅……乃至……第三禅……乃至……成就并住于第四禅……乃至……他引导心、使心转向于智见(ñāṇadassana)。这也属于他的慧。……乃至……他了知:‘……再无后有。’这也属于他的慧。婆罗门,这就是那慧。”

. ‘‘Katamaṃ pana taṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṃ? Katamā sā paññā’’ti? ‘‘Ettakaparamāva mayaṃ, bho gotama, etasmiṃ atthe. Sādhu vata bhavantaṃyeva gotamaṃ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, suṇohi; sādhukaṃ manasikarohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘idha, brāhmaṇa, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho…pe… (yathā 190-212 anucchedesu tathā vitthāretabbaṃ). Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti. Idaṃ kho taṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṃ…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati, abhininnāmeti. Idampissa hoti paññāya…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti, idampissa hoti paññāya ayaṃ kho sā, brāhmaṇa, paññā’’ti.

种德表明为优婆塞(upāsaka)Soṇadaṇḍaupāsakattapaṭivedanā

319PTS 1.125缅 1.118已对照

如是说时,婆罗门种德对世尊说:“奇哉!乔达摩尊师,奇哉!乔达摩尊师。乔达摩尊师,犹如把倒覆的扶起,把遮蔽的揭开,为迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持来油灯,使有眼者得见诸色。正是如此,乔达摩尊师以种种方式开显了法。我皈依(saraṇa)乔达摩尊师、法(dhamma)与比丘僧团(bhikkhusaṅgha)。愿乔达摩尊师忆持我为优婆塞,从今日起,终生皈依。愿乔达摩尊师与比丘僧团一起接受我明日的饮食。”世尊以沉默接受了。

. Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca, bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gataṃ. Adhivāsetu ca me bhavaṃ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
320已对照

于是,婆罗门种德知道世尊已接受,便从座位起来,礼敬世尊,右绕之后离去。那一夜过后,婆罗门种德在自己的住处备办了上妙的嚼食、噉食,然后派人向世尊通报时间:“乔达摩尊师,是时候了,饮食已经备好。”于是,世尊在午前时分着好下衣,取钵与衣,与比丘僧团一起前往婆罗门种德的住处;到了之后,坐在设好的座位上。于是,婆罗门种德以上妙的嚼食、噉食亲手奉侍以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,使之饱足满意。

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.
321PTS 1.126缅 1.119已对照

当世尊食毕,手已离钵时,婆罗门种德取了一个低座,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的婆罗门种德对世尊说:“乔达摩尊师,如果我身处会众之中时从座位起来礼敬乔达摩尊师,会众就会因此轻蔑我。被这会众轻蔑的人,声誉就会减损;声誉减损的人,财富也会减损;而我们的财富正是靠声誉获得的。乔达摩尊师,如果我身处会众之中时举起合掌,愿乔达摩尊师把它视为我已从座位起立。乔达摩尊师,如果我身处会众之中时解下头巾(veṭhana),愿乔达摩尊师把它视为我已以头礼敬。乔达摩尊师,如果我乘车时下车礼敬乔达摩尊师,会众就会因此轻蔑我。被这会众轻蔑的人,声誉就会减损;声誉减损的人,财富也会减损;而我们的财富正是靠声誉获得的。乔达摩尊师,如果我乘车时举起刺棒(patodalaṭṭhi),愿乔达摩尊师把它视为我已从车上下来。乔达摩尊师,如果我乘车时放低伞盖,愿乔达摩尊师把它视为我已以头礼敬。”

. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno āsanā vuṭṭhahitvā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ, tena maṃ sā parisā paribhaveyya. Yaṃ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno añjaliṃ paggaṇheyyaṃ, āsanā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo paccuṭṭhānaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno veṭhanaṃ omuñceyyaṃ, sirasā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo abhivādanaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno yānā paccorohitvā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ, tena maṃ sā parisā paribhaveyya. Yaṃ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha, yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno patodalaṭṭhiṃ abbhunnāmeyyaṃ, yānā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo paccorohanaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno chattaṃ apanāmeyyaṃ, sirasā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo abhivādanaṃ dhāretū’’ti.
322已对照

于是,世尊以法论对婆罗门种德开示、劝导、激励、令欢喜后,从座位起来离去。

. Atha kho bhagavā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmīti.
已对照

第四《种德经》完。

Soṇadaṇḍasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.
经末导读 · 编者所加,非经文

人物名册

世尊——率约五百比丘游行鸯伽国(Aṅga),住瞻波城伽伽罗莲花池畔。种德(Soṇadaṇḍa)婆罗门——瞻波的大婆罗门,受摩揭陀国王洗尼耶·频婆娑罗王封,十二德具足,年高望重;本经的对话者与皈依者。瞻波的婆罗门居士们——结队诣佛的大众。外方来的众婆罗门——劝阻种德往见、又在辩论中抗议的一群。鸯伽迦(Aṅgaka)青年——种德的外甥,容色端正,被舅舅当场举为"仅有容色不足恃"的例证。

地点与缘起

瞻波城伽伽罗莲花池畔。种德见大众诣佛,决意同往;众婆罗门以"您德望尊贵,前往则自贬、沙门乔达摩应来见您"劝阻,种德历数佛陀二十九项功德反驳:论出身、论舍弃、论成就、论名声,那位尊师才是值得我们前往之人。途中他却踌躇起来——若问答失措,徒受讥毁;既至,便暗自希望世尊问自己最擅长的三吠陀之学。

结构脉络

世尊知其心念,果然问其所长:具备几支才可称婆罗门?种德答五支:出身纯正、讽诵通达三吠陀教典、容色端正、具戒、具慧。世尊逐一发问:五支中可去何者?种德先舍容色,再舍讽诵,再舍出身——每一步都在众婆罗门的抗议声中完成;当同伴指责他"倒向沙门乔达摩之论"时,他举出外甥鸯伽迦:容色、讽诵、出身俱全,若杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语、饮酒,这些又有何用?最后只剩戒与慧,再不能减。世尊印可,进而说出全经之眼:"慧由戒而洗净,戒由慧而洗净;有戒处必有慧,有慧处必有戒——犹如以手洗手、以足洗足",戒慧俱全,称为世间最上。种德进问何为戒、何为慧,世尊以如来出世、戒蕴乃至漏尽智的完整道次第作答(底本此处依《沙门果经》190–212段广说)。种德皈依为优婆塞,翌日供养;斋后他提出三项特别请求:入会众后,请允许他以合掌代起立、以解头巾代头面礼、以低伞代下车致敬——身为一方宗主,公开尽弟子礼将招同侪非议。世尊为说法、劝导、激励、令欢喜而后离去。

中心思想

与《阿摩昼经》以家谱破种姓之慢相映,本经让婆罗门自己一步步拆掉婆罗门的定义:容色、讽诵、出身逐层剥落,最后剩下的戒与慧,恰恰不属于任何种姓。剥落不是佛陀说的,是种德在如实追问下自己承认的——这是本经论辩艺术的高处。而戒慧"如手洗手"之喻,把二者互为增上、缺一即两失的关系说到了极致:戒无慧则盲,慧无戒则浮。经末三项请求的细节尤为真实:得法之人仍身处旧日的名位之网,世尊默然听许——化导不必撕破一个人的处境。

关键术语

五支(pañca aṅgā):婆罗门自定义的五要素,本经辩论的靶标。戒与慧(sīla-paññā):剥落之后的仅存二支,亦即道之总纲。慧由戒而洗净,戒由慧而洗净(sīlaparidhotā hi paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ):全经名句。三吠陀教典(tevijjaka):婆罗门的"三明"之学,与佛教三明(宿住、天眼、漏尽)同名异实。优婆塞(upāsaka):在家皈依者。

本导读由编者依定稿译文撰写,仅供助读;正文以巴利原典为准。