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长部第30经 · 三十二相经 Lakkhaṇasuttaṃ

198PTS 3.142缅 3.117已对照

如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。世尊在那里对比丘们说:“诸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘回答世尊。世尊这样说:

198. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhaddante’’ti [bhadanteti (sī. syā. pī.)] te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
199已对照

“诸比丘,大丈夫有这三十二大丈夫相(dvattiṃsa mahāpurisalakkhaṇa),具足这些[相]的大丈夫只有两种趣向,而无其他:如果他居住在家,将成为转轮王,是如法的法王,领有四方,得胜利,达成国土安定,具足七宝。他拥有这七宝,即:轮宝、象宝、马宝、摩尼宝、女宝、居士宝,将军宝为第七。他有一千多个儿子,都是勇健者,具英雄之姿,能摧破敌军。他不以刀杖,而以法征服这片以海洋为边际的大地后安住。然而,如果他从在家出家而成为无家者,将成为阿罗汉、正等正觉者,是世间揭开覆障者。

199. ‘‘Dvattiṃsimāni, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti; seyyathidaṃ, cakkaratanaṃ hatthiratanaṃ assaratanaṃ maṇiratanaṃ itthiratanaṃ gahapatiratanaṃ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado [vivaṭacchado (syā. ka.), vivattacchado (sī. pī.)].
200PTS 3.143缅 3.118已对照

“诸比丘,大丈夫具足哪些三十二大丈夫相,具足这些[相]的大丈夫只有两种趣向,而无其他呢?如果他居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……然而,如果他从在家出家而成为无家者,将成为阿罗汉、正等正觉者,是世间揭开覆障者。“诸比丘,于此,大丈夫足善安立。诸比丘,正因为大丈夫足善安立,这也是这位大丈夫的大丈夫相。“再者,诸比丘,大丈夫两足掌下生有轮,具千辐、有辋、有毂,一切行相圆满。诸比丘,正因为大丈夫两足掌下生有轮,具千辐、有辋、有毂,一切行相圆满,这也是这位大丈夫的大丈夫相。“再者,诸比丘,大丈夫足跟广长……乃至……指长……手足柔软细嫩……手足有网縵……足踝高隆……胫如鹿王(eṇijaṅgha)……站立而不弯身,就能以两手掌触摩、摩挲双膝……阴藏相(kosohita vatthaguyha)……身金色,皮肤如黄金……皮肤细滑;由于皮肤细滑,尘垢不着于身……一孔一毛;诸毛一一生于一一毛孔……毛端上向;所生诸毛端上向,绀青色,如眼药之色,卷曲成环,右旋而生……身直如梵天……七处隆满……上半身如狮子……两肩之间充满……身圆如尼拘陀树,他的身高与两臂张开之长相等,两臂张开之长与身高相等……肩项均圆……得味中最上之味……颔如狮子……有四十齿……齿齐平……齿无间隙……牙极白……广长舌(pahūtajivha)……梵音声,语如迦陵频伽鸟(karavīka,古译「迦陵频伽」)……眼绀青……睫如牛犊……两眉之间生有白毫,洁白柔软,如细绵。诸比丘,正因为大丈夫两眉之间生有白毫,洁白柔软,如细绵,这也是这位大丈夫的大丈夫相。“再者,诸比丘,大丈夫顶如缠首巾。诸比丘,正因为大丈夫顶如缠首巾,这也是这位大丈夫的大丈夫相。“诸比丘,这些就是大丈夫的三十二大丈夫相,具足这些[相]的大丈夫只有两种趣向,而无其他。如果他居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……然而,如果他从在家出家而成为无家者,将成为阿罗汉、正等正觉者,是世间揭开覆障者。“诸比丘,这三十二大丈夫相,外道的仙人们也传持,但他们并不知道:‘由于造作了这样的业,才获得这个相。’

200. ‘‘Katamāni ca tāni, bhikkhave, dvattiṃsa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā? Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado.
‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, mahāpuriso suppatiṭṭhitapādo hoti. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāpuriso suppatiṭṭhitapādo hoti, idampi, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa heṭṭhāpādatalesu cakkāni jātāni honti sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni [sabbākāraparipūrāni suvibhattantarāni (sī. pī.)]. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa heṭṭhāpādatalesu cakkāni jātāni honti sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni, idampi, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāpuriso āyatapaṇhi hoti…pe… dīghaṅguli hoti… mudutalunahatthapādo hoti… jālahatthapādo hoti… ussaṅkhapādo hoti… eṇijaṅgho hoti… ṭhitakova anonamanto ubhohi pāṇitalehi jaṇṇukāni parimasati parimajjati… kosohitavatthaguyho hoti… suvaṇṇavaṇṇo hoti kañcanasannibhattaco… sukhumacchavi hoti, sukhumattā chaviyā rajojallaṃ kāye na upalimpati… ekekalomo hoti, ekekāni lomāni lomakūpesu jātāni… uddhaggalomo hoti, uddhaggāni lomāni jātāni nīlāni añjanavaṇṇāni kuṇḍalāvaṭṭāni [kuṇḍalāvattāni (bahūsu)] dakkhiṇāvaṭṭakajātāni [dakkhiṇāvattakajātāni (sī. syā. pī.)] … brahmujugatto hoti… sattussado hoti… sīhapubbaddhakāyo hoti… citantaraṃso [pitantaraṃso (syā.)] hoti… nigrodhaparimaṇḍalo hoti, yāvatakvassa kāyo tāvatakvassa byāmo yāvatakvassa byāmo tāvatakvassa kāyo… samavaṭṭakkhandho hoti… rasaggasaggī hoti… sīhahanu hoti… cattālīsadanto hoti … samadanto hoti… aviraḷadanto hoti… susukkadāṭho hoti… pahūtajivho hoti… brahmassaro hoti karavīkabhāṇī… abhinīlanetto hoti… gopakhumo hoti… uṇṇā bhamukantare jātā hoti, odātā mudutūlasannibhā. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa uṇṇā bhamukantare jātā hoti, odātā mudutūlasannibhā, idampi, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati.
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāpuriso uṇhīsasīso hoti. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāpuriso uṇhīsasīso hoti, idampi, bhikkhave, mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati.
‘‘Imāni kho tāni, bhikkhave, dvattiṃsa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado.
‘‘Imāni kho, bhikkhave, dvattiṃsa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni bāhirakāpi isayo dhārenti, no ca kho te jānanti – ‘imassa kammassa kaṭattā idaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhatī’ti.
(1) Suppatiṭṭhitapādatālakkhaṇaṃ
201PTS 3.146已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,于诸善法坚固受持,于身善行、语善行、意善行,于布施分与、于受持戒、于布萨斋戒,于敬母、敬父、敬沙门、敬婆罗门、于家中尊敬长者,以及于其他种种增上善法,都坚定不移地受持。他因那业的所作、所积集、所增盛、所广大,身坏命终之后,往生善趣天界。他在那里以十事胜过其他诸天:以天寿、以天容色、以天乐、以天名声、以天权威,以天色、以天声、以天香、以天味、以天触。他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这个大丈夫相:足善安立。他平正地把脚放在地上,平正地举起,以整个脚掌平正地触地。

201. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno daḷhasamādāno ahosi kusalesu dhammesu, avatthitasamādāno kāyasucarite vacīsucarite manosucarite dānasaṃvibhāge sīlasamādāne uposathupavāse matteyyatāya petteyyatāya sāmaññatāya brahmaññatāya kule jeṭṭhāpacāyitāya aññataraññataresu ca adhikusalesu dhammesu. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā ussannattā vipulattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. So tattha aññe deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhiggaṇhāti dibbena āyunā dibbena vaṇṇena dibbena sukhena dibbena yasena dibbena ādhipateyyena dibbehi rūpehi dibbehi saddehi dibbehi gandhehi dibbehi rasehi dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehi. So tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhati. Suppatiṭṭhitapādo hoti. Samaṃ pādaṃ bhūmiyaṃ nikkhipati, samaṃ uddharati, samaṃ sabbāvantehi pādatalehi bhūmiṃ phusati.
202PTS 3.147缅 3.120已对照

“他具足这个相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王,是如法的法王,领有四方,得胜利,达成国土安定,具足七宝。他拥有这七宝,即:轮宝、象宝、马宝、摩尼宝、女宝、居士宝,将军宝为第七。他有一千多个儿子,都是勇健者,具英雄之姿,能摧破敌军。他不以刀杖,而以法征服这片以海洋为边际、无荒秽、无[凶]相、无荆棘、富裕、繁荣、安稳、吉祥、无灾患的大地后安住。身为王时得什么?他不为任何身为人的敌人、仇敌所动摇。身为王时得此。“然而,如果他从在家出家而成为无家者,将成为阿罗汉、正等正觉者,是世间揭开覆障者。身为佛时得什么?他不为内在或外在的敌人、仇敌所动摇,不为贪、或瞋、或痴,或沙门、或婆罗门、或天、或魔、或梵天,或世间任何[者]所动摇。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

202. ‘‘So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti; seyyathidaṃ, cakkaratanaṃ hatthiratanaṃ assaratanaṃ maṇiratanaṃ itthiratanaṃ gahapatiratanaṃ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ akhilamanimittamakaṇṭakaṃ iddhaṃ phītaṃ khemaṃ sivaṃ nirabbudaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Akkhambhiyo [avikkhambhiyo (sī. pī.)] hoti kenaci manussabhūtena paccatthikena paccāmittena. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati. ‘‘Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado. Buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Akkhambhiyo hoti abbhantarehi vā bāhirehi vā paccatthikehi paccāmittehi rāgena vā dosena vā mohena vā samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
203缅 3.121已对照

关于此,这样说道——“于真实、于法、于调伏、于自制, 于清净、于戒之依止、于布萨, 乐于布施、不害、不粗暴, 他坚固受持而圆满奉行。“他因那业而登上天界, 领受了乐与嬉戏之欢; 从那里死殁,再来到此处, 以平正的双足触地。“聚集的占相者们解说道: 足平正安立者不会被阻遏; 无论他是在家人还是出家人, 这个相都显示着这样的意义。“住在家中时,他不可被阻遏, 胜伏他人,不为仇敌所摧; 在此世间无论何人, 都因这业的果报而不能阻遏他。“如果这样的人趣向出家, 乐于出离之欲、明见诸法, 这至上者绝不会遭遇阻遏—— 人中最上者,这正是他的法性。”

203. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Sacce ca dhamme ca dame ca saṃyame,
Soceyyasīlālayuposathesu ca;
Dāne ahiṃsāya asāhase rato,
Daḷhaṃ samādāya samattamācari [samantamācari (syā. ka.)].
‘‘So tena kammena divaṃ samakkami [apakkami (syā. ka.)],
Sukhañca khiḍḍāratiyo ca anvabhi [aṃnvabhi (ṭīkā)];
Tato cavitvā punarāgato idha,
Samehi pādehi phusī vasundharaṃ.
‘‘Byākaṃsu veyyañjanikā samāgatā,
Samappatiṭṭhassa na hoti khambhanā;
Gihissa vā pabbajitassa vā puna [pana (syā.)],
Taṃ lakkhaṇaṃ bhavati tadatthajotakaṃ.
‘‘Akkhambhiyo hoti agāramāvasaṃ,
Parābhibhū sattubhi nappamaddano;
Manussabhūtenidha hoti kenaci,
Akkhambhiyo tassa phalena kammuno.
‘‘Sace ca pabbajjamupeti tādiso,
Nekkhammachandābhirato vicakkhaṇo;
Aggo na so gacchati jātu khambhanaṃ,
Naruttamo esa hi tassa dhammatā’’ti.
(2) Pādatalacakkalakkhaṇaṃ
204PTS 3.148已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,给众人带来安乐,驱除[他们的]惊怖、惊骇与恐惧,如法地安排守护、防护与保护,并作了具足随附之物的布施。他因那业的所作、所积集、所增盛、所广大,身坏命终之后,往生善趣天界……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这个大丈夫相:两足掌下生有轮,具千辐、有辋、有毂,一切行相圆满,[辐]间分布善好。“他具足这个相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他有大眷属;他的眷属众多,即:婆罗门与居士、市民与乡民、会计大臣、侍卫、守门人、大臣、廷臣、诸王、领邑者、王子们。身为王时得此。然而,如果他从在家出家而成为无家者,将成为阿罗汉、正等正觉者,是世间揭开覆障者。身为佛时得什么?他有大眷属;他的眷属众多,即:比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷、诸天、人、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

204. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno bahujanassa sukhāvaho ahosi, ubbegauttāsabhayaṃ apanuditā, dhammikañca rakkhāvaraṇaguttiṃ saṃvidhātā, saparivārañca dānaṃ adāsi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā ussannattā vipulattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhati. Heṭṭhāpādatalesu cakkāni jātāni honti sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni suvibhattantarāni.
‘‘So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Mahāparivāro hoti; mahāssa honti parivārā brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado. Buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Mahāparivāro hoti; mahāssa honti parivārā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
205PTS 3.149缅 3.122已对照

关于此,这样说道——“在从前、在往昔、在过去诸生中, 他身为人而给众人带来安乐; 驱除了惊怖、惊骇与恐惧, 热心于保护、防护与守护之事。“他因那业而登上天界, 领受了乐与嬉戏之欢; 从那里死殁,再来到此处, 他在双足上获得了轮相。“聚集的占相者们解说 那周边有辋、具足千辐[的轮相]; 见到这具百福之相的童子, [便说]他将有大眷属,摧伏怨敌。“正因为这周边有辋的轮相如此, 这样的人若不趣向出家, 他便转动轮宝而统治大地, 此世的刹帝利们都成为他的附从者。“他们围绕着这位大名声者; 而这样的人若趣向出家, 乐于出离之欲、明见诸法, 则诸天、人、阿修罗、帝释、罗刹,“乾闼婆、龙、飞鸟、四足兽, 都围绕着这位无上的、 为天人所供养的大名声者。”

205. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Pure puratthā purimāsu jātisu,
Manussabhūto bahunaṃ sukhāvaho;
Ubbhegauttāsabhayāpanūdano,
Guttīsu rakkhāvaraṇesu ussuko.
‘‘So tena kammena divaṃ samakkami,
Sukhañca khiḍḍāratiyo ca anvabhi;
Tato cavitvā punarāgato idha,
Cakkāni pādesu duvesu vindati.
‘‘Samantanemīni sahassarāni ca,
Byākaṃsu veyyañjanikā samāgatā;
Disvā kumāraṃ satapuññalakkhaṇaṃ,
Parivāravā hessati sattumaddano.
Tathā hī cakkāni samantanemini,
Sace na pabbajjamupeti tādiso;
Vatteti cakkaṃ pathaviṃ pasāsati,
Tassānuyantādha [tassānuyuttā idha (sī. pī.), tassānuyantā idha (syā. ka.)] bhavanti khattiyā.
‘‘Mahāyasaṃ saṃparivārayanti naṃ,
Sace ca pabbajjamupeti tādiso;
Nekkhammachandābhirato vicakkhaṇo,
Devāmanussāsurasakkarakkhasā [sattarakkhasā (ka.) sī. syāaṭṭhakathā oloketabbā].
‘‘Gandhabbanāgā vihagā catuppadā,
Anuttaraṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ;
Mahāyasaṃ saṃparivārayanti na’’nti.
(3-5) Āyatapaṇhitāditilakkhaṇaṃ
206PTS 3.150缅 3.123已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,舍断杀生,远离杀生,放下棍棒,放下刀剑,有惭愧,具同情心,怀着利益、悲悯一切众生生命之心而住。他因那业的所作、所积集、所增盛、所广大……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这三种大丈夫相:足跟广长、指长、身直如梵天。“他具足这些相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他长寿久住,护持长久的寿命,任何身为人的敌人、仇敌都不能中途夺去他的性命。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他长寿久住,护持长久的寿命,敌人、仇敌,或沙门、或婆罗门、或天、或魔、或梵天,或世间任何[者]都不能中途夺去他的性命。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

206. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato ahosi nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī vihāsi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā ussannattā vipulattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imāni tīṇi mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. Āyatapaṇhi ca hoti, dīghaṅguli ca brahmujugatto ca.
‘‘So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Dīghāyuko hoti ciraṭṭhitiko, dīghamāyuṃ pāleti, na sakkā hoti antarā jīvitā voropetuṃ kenaci manussabhūtena paccatthikena paccāmittena. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Dīghāyuko hoti ciraṭṭhitiko, dīghamāyuṃ pāleti, na sakkā hoti antarā jīvitā voropetuṃ paccatthikehi paccāmittehi samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
207PTS 3.151已对照

关于此,这样说道——“他了知杀害与死亡于己是可怖的, 因而远离杀害他人; 以那善行前往天界, 领受了善作之业的果异熟。“死殁后再来到此处时, 他在此获得三种相: 成为足跟广长而丰厚者, 身直如梵天,端严而肢体善生。“臂善好、[肌肤]柔嫩、形貌端正、出身高贵, 他的诸指柔软细嫩而修长; 以此三种人中最上者之相, [占相者]记别这童子将得长寿。“若他为在家人,将长久存活; 若从此出家,则更为长久; 并以修得的自在之力而存续—— 这就是他长寿的征相。”

207. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Māraṇavadhabhayattano [maraṇavadhabhayattano (sī. pī. ka.), maraṇavadhabhayamattano (syā.)] viditvā,
Paṭivirato paraṃ māraṇāyahosi;
Tena sucaritena saggamagamā [tena so sucaritena saggamagamāsi (syā.)],
Sukataphalavipākamanubhosi.
‘‘Caviya punaridhāgato samāno,
Paṭilabhati idha tīṇi lakkhaṇāni;
Bhavati vipuladīghapāsaṇhiko,
Brahmāva suju subho sujātagatto.
‘‘Subhujo susu susaṇṭhito sujāto,
Mudutalunaṅguliyassa honti;
Dīghā tībhi purisavaraggalakkhaṇehi,
Cirayapanāya [cirayāpanāya (syā.)] kumāramādisanti.
‘‘Bhavati yadi gihī ciraṃ yapeti,
Cirataraṃ pabbajati yadi tato hi;
Yāpayati ca vasiddhibhāvanāya,
Iti dīghāyukatāya taṃ nimitta’’nti.
(6) Sattussadatālakkhaṇaṃ
208PTS 3.152缅 3.124已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,布施上妙美味的嚼食、啖食、尝食、舐食与饮料。他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这个大丈夫相:七处隆满——他有七处隆满:两手隆满、两足隆满、两肩隆满、项[背]隆满。“他具足这个相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他得到上妙美味的嚼食、啖食、尝食、舐食与饮料。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他得到上妙美味的嚼食、啖食、尝食、舐食与饮料。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

208. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno dātā ahosi paṇītānaṃ rasitānaṃ khādanīyānaṃ bhojanīyānaṃ sāyanīyānaṃ lehanīyānaṃ pānānaṃ. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhati, sattussado hoti, sattassa ussadā honti; ubhosu hatthesu ussadā honti, ubhosu pādesu ussadā honti, ubhosu aṃsakūṭesu ussadā honti, khandhe ussado hoti.
‘‘So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Lābhī hoti paṇītānaṃ rasitānaṃ khādanīyānaṃ bhojanīyānaṃ sāyanīyānaṃ lehanīyānaṃ pānānaṃ. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Lābhī hoti paṇītānaṃ rasitānaṃ khādanīyānaṃ bhojanīyānaṃ sāyanīyānaṃ lehanīyānaṃ pānānaṃ. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
209已对照

关于此,这样说道——“嚼食、啖食,以及舐食、尝食, 他曾布施最上第一的美味; 以那善行之业, 他在欢喜园(Nandana)长久欢悦。“他在此获得七处隆满, 又得到手足的柔软; 善知相好之征的人们说: 这是因他[能]得嚼食、啖食的美味。“凡显示这意义者,于在家人[如此], 出家者也同样获得它; [人们]说这位得嚼食、啖食美味中之最上者, 是斩断在家一切系缚的人。”

209. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Khajjabhojjamatha leyya sāyiyaṃ,
Uttamaggarasadāyako ahu;
Tena so sucaritena kammunā,
Nandane ciramabhippamodati.
‘‘Satta cussade idhādhigacchati,
Hatthapādamudutañca vindati;
Āhu byañjananimittakovidā,
Khajjabhojjarasalābhitāya naṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ gihissapi [na taṃ gihissāpi (syā.)] tadatthajotakaṃ,
Pabbajjampi ca tadādhigacchati;
Khajjabhojjarasalābhiruttamaṃ,
Āhu sabbagihibandhanacchida’’nti.
(7-8) Karacaraṇamudujālatālakkhaṇāni
210PTS 3.153缅 3.125已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,以四摄事摄受众人:以布施、以爱语、以利行、以同事。他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这两种大丈夫相:手足柔软细嫩、手足有网縵。“他具足这些相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他善摄眷属;他所善摄者,即:婆罗门与居士、市民与乡民、会计大臣、侍卫、守门人、大臣、廷臣、诸王、领邑者、王子们。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他善摄眷属;他所善摄者,即:比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷、诸天、人、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

210. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi janaṃ saṅgāhako ahosi – dānena peyyavajjena [piyavācena (syā. ka.)] atthacariyāya samānattatāya. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. Mudutalunahatthapādo ca hoti jālahatthapādo ca.
‘‘So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Susaṅgahitaparijano hoti, susaṅgahitāssa honti brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Susaṅgahitaparijano hoti, susaṅgahitāssa honti bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
211PTS 3.154缅 3.126已对照

关于此,这样说道——“布施与利行, 爱语与同事; 以所作所行善摄众人, 以不受轻蔑的功德前往天界。“死殁后再来到此处时, [得到]手足的柔软与有网縵; 极为可爱、甚为美妙、值得瞻仰[的相], 这幼小柔嫩的童子便获得了。“他的随众顺从而可教令, 住于大地而为[众所]善摄; 他说爱语,希求[众人的]利益与安乐, 奉行[众所]喜爱的诸德。“若他舍弃一切欲乐受用, 胜者便为众人宣说法语; [众人]对奉行其言教者深生净信, 闻已便法随法行。”

211. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Dānampi catthacariyatañca [dānampi ca atthacariyatampi ca (sī. pī.)],
Piyavāditañca samānattatañca [piyavadatañca samānachandatañca (sī. pī.)];
Kariyacariyasusaṅgahaṃ bahūnaṃ,
Anavamatena guṇena yāti saggaṃ.
‘‘Caviya punaridhāgato samāno,
Karacaraṇamudutañca jālino ca;
Atirucirasuvaggudassaneyyaṃ,
Paṭilabhati daharo susu kumāro.
‘‘Bhavati parijanassavo vidheyyo,
Mahimaṃ āvasito susaṅgahito;
Piyavadū hitasukhataṃ jigīsamāno [jigiṃ samāno (sī. syā. pī.)],
Abhirucitāni guṇāni ācarati.
‘‘Yadi ca jahati sabbakāmabhogaṃ,
Kathayati dhammakathaṃ jino janassa;
Vacanapaṭikarassābhippasannā,
Sutvāna dhammānudhammamācarantī’’ti.
(9-10) Ussaṅkhapādauddhaggalomatālakkhaṇāni
212已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,说与义相应、与法相应的话,向众人开示,给众生带来利益与安乐,是以法为祭祀者。他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这两种大丈夫相:足踝高隆、毛端上向。“他具足这些相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他是欲乐受用者中的第一者、最胜者、为首者、最上者、最尊者。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他是一切众生中的第一者、最胜者、为首者、最上者、最尊者。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

212. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno [samāno bahuno janassa (sī. pī.)] atthūpasaṃhitaṃ dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā ahosi, bahujanaṃ nidaṃsesi, pāṇīnaṃ hitasukhāvaho dhammayāgī. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. Ussaṅkhapādo ca hoti, uddhaggalomo ca.
‘‘So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato, sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Aggo ca hoti seṭṭho ca pāmokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca kāmabhogīnaṃ. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Aggo ca hoti seṭṭho ca pāmokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca sabbasattānaṃ. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
213PTS 3.155缅 3.127已对照

关于此,这样说道——“他从前发出与义、与法相应的言语, 以此言语向众人开示; 他给众生带来利益与安乐, 是行法之祭祀者,无有悭吝。“以那善行之业, 他前往善趣,在那里欢悦; 来到此处又获得两种相, 因居于最上、为首而得之。“他的身毛向上竖起而生, 双足的踝节不[外]露,形貌善好; 为血肉所充满、为[细]皮所覆, [足]之上部亦生得美好。“这样的人若住于家中, 便在欲乐受用者中得第一; 无有更上于他者, 他胜伏阎浮提而行。“若出家,精进不劣, 便在一切众生中得第一; 无有更上于他者, 他胜伏全世间而住。”

213. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Atthadhammasahitaṃ [atthadhammasaṃhitaṃ (ka. sī. pī.), atthadhammupasaṃhitaṃ (ka.)] pure giraṃ,
Erayaṃ bahujanaṃ nidaṃsayi;
Pāṇinaṃ hitasukhāvaho ahu,
Dhammayāgamayajī [dhammayāgaṃ assaji (ka.)] amaccharī.
‘‘Tena so sucaritena kammunā,
Suggatiṃ vajati tattha modati;
Lakkhaṇāni ca duve idhāgato,
Uttamappamukhatāya [uttamasukhatāya (syā.), uttamapamukkhatāya (ka.)] vindati.
‘‘Ubbhamuppatitalomavā saso,
Pādagaṇṭhirahu sādhusaṇṭhitā;
Maṃsalohitācitā tacotthatā,
Uparicaraṇasobhanā [uparijānusobhanā (syā.), upari ca pana sobhanā (sī. pī.)] ahu.
‘‘Gehamāvasati ce tathāvidho,
Aggataṃ vajati kāmabhoginaṃ;
Tena uttaritaro na vijjati,
Jambudīpamabhibhuyya iriyati.
‘‘Pabbajampi ca anomanikkamo,
Aggataṃ vajati sabbapāṇinaṃ;
Tena uttaritaro na vijjati,
Sabbalokamabhibhuyya viharatī’’ti.
(11) Eṇijaṅghalakkhaṇaṃ
214缅 3.128已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,恭敬地教授技艺、或明、或行、或业:‘怎样才能使他们迅速了知、迅速行持、不长久困扰呢?’他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这个大丈夫相:胫如鹿王。“他具足这个相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?凡是王所应有的、王之支分、王所受用的、与王相称的[诸物],他都迅速获得。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?凡是沙门所应有的、沙门之支分、沙门所受用的、与沙门相称的[诸物],他都迅速获得。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

214. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno sakkaccaṃ vācetā ahosi sippaṃ vā vijjaṃ vā caraṇaṃ vā kammaṃ vā – ‘kiṃ time khippaṃ vijāneyyuṃ, khippaṃ paṭipajjeyyuṃ, na ciraṃ kilisseyyu’’nti. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhati. Eṇijaṅgho hoti.
‘‘So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Yāni tāni rājārahāni rājaṅgāni rājūpabhogāni rājānucchavikāni tāni khippaṃ paṭilabhati. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Yāni tāni samaṇārahāni samaṇaṅgāni samaṇūpabhogāni samaṇānucchavikāni, tāni khippaṃ paṭilabhati. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
215PTS 3.157已对照

关于此,这样说道——“于技艺、于明与行、于诸业, 他希望:‘怎样才能使他们迅速了知?’ 凡不致伤害任何人的, 他便迅速教授,不使[人]长久困扰。“作了那能生乐的善业, 他得到可意而善安立的双胫: 圆满、善生、次第上升, 毛端上向,为细滑的皮肤所覆。“人们称那样的人为‘胫如鹿王者’, 说这个相[使他]于此迅速[得]成就; 若他希求顺应在家的种种[所需], 不出家也能在此迅速获得。“如果这样的人趣向出家, 乐于出离之欲、明见诸法, 凡与[出家]相称而随顺的, 这位精进不劣者都迅速获得。”

215. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Sippesu vijjācaraṇesu kammesu [kammasu (sī. pī.)],
Kathaṃ vijāneyyuṃ [vijāneyya (sī. pī.), vijāneyyu (syā.)] lahunti icchati;
Yadūpaghātāya na hoti kassaci,
Vāceti khippaṃ na ciraṃ kilissati.
‘‘Taṃ kammaṃ katvā kusalaṃ sukhudrayaṃ [sukhindriyaṃ (ka.)],
Jaṅghā manuññā labhate susaṇṭhitā;
Vaṭṭā sujātā anupubbamuggatā,
Uddhaggalomā sukhumattacotthatā.
‘‘Eṇeyyajaṅghoti tamāhu puggalaṃ,
Sampattiyā khippamidhāhu [khippamidāhu (?)] lakkhaṇaṃ;
Gehānulomāni yadābhikaṅkhati,
Apabbajaṃ khippamidhādhigacchati [khippamidādhigacchati (?)].
‘‘Sace ca pabbajjamupeti tādiso,
Nekkhammachandābhirato vicakkhaṇo;
Anucchavikassa yadānulomikaṃ,
Taṃ vindati khippamanomavikkamo [nikkamo (sī. syā. pī.)]’’ti.
(12) Sukhumacchavilakkhaṇaṃ
216PTS 3.158缅 3.129已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,前往沙门或婆罗门之处而遍问:‘尊者,什么是善?什么是不善?什么是有罪?什么是无罪?什么应习近?什么不应习近?我作什么会长夜带来不利与苦?我作什么又会长夜带来利益与乐?’他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这个大丈夫相:皮肤细滑;由于皮肤细滑,尘垢不着于身。“他具足这个相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他有大慧,在欲乐受用者中无人在慧上与他相等或胜过他。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他有大慧、广慧、喜慧、速慧、利慧、洞察慧,在一切众生中无人在慧上与他相等或胜过他。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

216. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā upasaṅkamitvā paripucchitā ahosi – ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, kusalaṃ, kiṃ akusalaṃ, kiṃ sāvajjaṃ, kiṃ anavajjaṃ, kiṃ sevitabbaṃ, kiṃ na sevitabbaṃ, kiṃ me karīyamānaṃ dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya assa, kiṃ vā pana me karīyamānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya assā’’ti. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhati. Sukhumacchavi hoti, sukhumattā chaviyā rajojallaṃ kāye na upalimpati.
‘‘So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Mahāpañño hoti, nāssa hoti koci paññāya sadiso vā seṭṭho vā kāmabhogīnaṃ. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Mahāpañño hoti puthupañño hāsapañño [hāsupañño (sī. pī.)] javanapañño tikkhapañño nibbedhikapañño, nāssa hoti koci paññāya sadiso vā seṭṭho vā sabbasattānaṃ. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
217PTS 3.159已对照

关于此,这样说道——“在从前、在往昔、在过去诸生中, 他欲求了知而遍问; 乐闻而亲近出家者, 志在[求]义而谛听义说。“以那导致获得慧的业, 他身为人时便皮肤细滑; 善知生相之征的人们解说道: 他将确知而见诸微细之义。“这样的人若不趣向出家, 他便转动轮宝而统治大地; 在义的教示与摄持上, 无有胜过他或与他相等者。“如果这样的人趣向出家, 乐于出离之欲、明见诸法, 他便得到以慧为殊胜的无上[法], 这位具广大殊胜智者证得菩提。”

217. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Pure puratthā purimāsu jātisu,
Aññātukāmo paripucchitā ahu;
Sussūsitā pabbajitaṃ upāsitā,
Atthantaro atthakathaṃ nisāmayi.
‘‘Paññāpaṭilābhagatena [paññāpaṭilābhakatena (sī. pī.) ṭīkā oloketabbā] kammunā,
Manussabhūto sukhumacchavī ahu;
Byākaṃsu uppādanimittakovidā,
Sukhumāni atthāni avecca dakkhiti.
‘‘Sace na pabbajjamupeti tādiso,
Vatteti cakkaṃ pathaviṃ pasāsati;
Atthānusiṭṭhīsu pariggahesu ca,
Na tena seyyo sadiso ca vijjati.
‘‘Sace ca pabbajjamupeti tādiso,
Nekkhammachandābhirato vicakkhaṇo;
Paññāvisiṭṭhaṃ labhate anuttaraṃ,
Pappoti bodhiṃ varabhūrimedhaso’’ti.
(13) Suvaṇṇavaṇṇalakkhaṇaṃ
218缅 3.130已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,不忿怒,少有恼乱;纵然被多所言说,也不著恼、不发怒、不瞋害、不顽拒,不显现忿、瞋与不悦。他又布施细软的敷具与覆具:细亚麻布、细棉布、细丝绸、细毛毯。他因那业的所作、所积集……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这个大丈夫相:身金色,皮肤如黄金。“他具足这个相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他得到细软的敷具与覆具:细亚麻布、细棉布、细丝绸、细毛毯。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他得到细软的敷具与覆具:细亚麻布、细棉布、细丝绸、细毛毯。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

218. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno akkodhano ahosi anupāyāsabahulo, bahumpi vutto samāno nābhisajji na kuppi na byāpajji na patitthīyi, na kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātvākāsi. Dātā ca ahosi sukhumānaṃ mudukānaṃ attharaṇānaṃ pāvuraṇānaṃ [pāpuraṇānaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] khomasukhumānaṃ kappāsikasukhumānaṃ koseyyasukhumānaṃ kambalasukhumānaṃ. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhati. Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo hoti kañcanasannibhattaco.
‘‘So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Lābhī hoti sukhumānaṃ mudukānaṃ attharaṇānaṃ pāvuraṇānaṃ khomasukhumānaṃ kappāsikasukhumānaṃ koseyyasukhumānaṃ kambalasukhumānaṃ. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Lābhī hoti sukhumānaṃ mudukānaṃ attharaṇānaṃ pāvuraṇānaṃ khomasukhumānaṃ kappāsikasukhumānaṃ koseyyasukhumānaṃ kambalasukhumānaṃ. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
219PTS 3.160缅 3.131已对照

关于此,这样说道——“他决意不忿怒而行布施, 布施细软而质地美好的衣物; 住于更早的[诸]有中而普施, 犹如天神降雨遍润大地。“作了这[业],从此死殁而生于天, 领受了善作之业的果异熟; [再来]此处时身如黄金而胜过[众人], 犹如诸天中更尊胜的帝释。“这人若住于家中而不出家, [便]统治这广大的大地; 他在此以威力[得]七宝, 并获得无垢、细滑而清净的皮肤。“若他趣向无家[的生活], [仍]得到蔽体之衣、最上之衣与覆具; 他具足而领受先前所作之果—— 所作[之业]不会消失。”

219. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Akkodhañca adhiṭṭhahi adāsi [adāsi ca (sī. pī.)],
Dānañca vatthāni sukhumāni succhavīni;
Purimatarabhave ṭhito abhivissaji,
Mahimiva suro abhivassaṃ.
‘‘Taṃ katvāna ito cuto dibbaṃ,
Upapajji [upapajja (sī. pī.)] sukataphalavipākamanubhutvā;
Kanakatanusannibho idhābhibhavati,
Suravarataroriva indo.
‘‘Gehañcāvasati naro apabbajja,
Micchaṃ mahatimahiṃ anusāsati [pasāsati (syā.)];
Pasayha sahidha sattaratanaṃ [pasayha abhivasana-varataraṃ (sī. pī.)],
Paṭilabhati vimala [vipula (syā.), vipulaṃ (sī. pī.)] sukhumacchaviṃ suciñca.
‘‘Lābhī acchādanavatthamokkhapāvuraṇānaṃ,
Bhavati yadi anāgāriyataṃ upeti;
Sahito [suhita (syā.), sa hi (sī. pī.)] purimakataphalaṃ anubhavati,
Na bhavati katassa panāso’’ti.
(14) Kosohitavatthaguyhalakkhaṇaṃ
220PTS 3.161已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,使久已离散、久已别居的亲族、朋友、知交、同伴重相会合。他使母亲与儿子会合,也使儿子与母亲会合;使父亲与儿子会合,也使儿子与父亲会合;使兄弟与兄弟会合,使兄弟与姐妹会合;使姐妹与兄弟会合,也使姐妹与姐妹会合;使[他们]和合已而随喜。他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这个大丈夫相:阴藏相(kosohita vatthaguyha)。“他具足这个相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他多子,他有一千多个儿子,都是勇健者,具英雄之姿,能摧破敌军。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他多子,他有数千个儿子,都是勇健者,具英雄之姿,能摧破敌军。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

220. Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno cirappanaṭṭhe sucirappavāsino ñātimitte suhajje sakhino samānetā ahosi. Mātarampi puttena samānetā ahosi, puttampi mātarā samānetā ahosi, pitarampi puttena samānetā ahosi, puttampi pitarā samānetā ahosi, bhātarampi bhātarā samānetā ahosi, bhātarampi bhaginiyā samānetā ahosi, bhaginimpi bhātarā samānetā ahosi, bhaginimpi bhaginiyā samānetā ahosi, samaṅgīkatvā [samaggiṃ katvā (sī. syā. pī.)] ca abbhanumoditā ahosi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhati – kosohitavatthaguyho hoti.
‘‘So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Pahūtaputto hoti, parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Pahūtaputto hoti, anekasahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
221PTS 3.162缅 3.132已对照

关于此,这样说道——“在从前、在往昔、在过去诸生中, 他使久已离散、久已别居的 亲族、知交、同伴重相会合, 使[他们]和合已而随喜。“他因那业而登上天界, 领受了乐与嬉戏之欢; 从那里死殁,再来到此处, 他获得阴藏、为衣所覆之处[的相]。“这样的人便成为多子者, 亲生的儿子有一千多个; 都是勇健者、英雄者,能令怨敌忧恼, 为在家者生喜,说爱语。“若他出家而行,[其]子更多, 那些儿子都随顺他的言语; 无论在家还是出家, 这个相都生起而显示这样的意义。”第一诵品终。

221. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Pure puratthā purimāsu jātisu,
Cirappanaṭṭhe sucirappavāsino;
Ñātī suhajje sakhino samānayi,
Samaṅgikatvā anumoditā ahu.
‘‘So tena [sa tena (ka.)] kammena divaṃ samakkami,
Sukhañca khiḍḍāratiyo ca anvabhi;
Tato cavitvā punarāgato idha,
Kosohitaṃ vindati vatthachādiyaṃ.
‘‘Pahūtaputto bhavatī tathāvidho,
Parosahassañca [parosahassassa (sī. pī.)] bhavanti atrajā;
Sūrā ca vīrā ca [sūrā ca vīraṅgarūpā (ka.)] amittatāpanā,
Gihissa pītiṃjananā piyaṃvadā.
‘‘Bahūtarā pabbajitassa iriyato,
Bhavanti puttā vacanānusārino;
Gihissa vā pabbajitassa vā puna,
Taṃ lakkhaṇaṃ jāyati tadatthajotaka’’nti.
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.
(15-16) Parimaṇḍalaanonamajaṇṇuparimasanalakkhaṇāni
222PTS 3.163缅 3.133已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,观察对众人的摄受:他知[所应得的]平等,亲自了知,知人,知人的差别——‘这个人应得这个,那个人应得那个’,于种种处作出对人的分别。他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这两种大丈夫相:身圆如尼拘陀树,站立而不弯身,就能以两手掌触摩、摩挲双膝。“他具足这些相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他富裕,有大财富、大受用,有丰厚的金银、丰厚的钱财资具、丰厚的钱财谷物,国库与谷仓充实盈满。身为王时得此……乃至……身为佛时得什么?他富裕,有大财富、大受用。他拥有这些财,即:信财、戒财、惭财、愧财、闻财、舍财、慧财。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

222. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno mahājanasaṅgahaṃ [mahājanasaṅgāhakaṃ (ka.)] samekkhamāno [samapekkhamāno (ka.)] samaṃ jānāti sāmaṃ jānāti, purisaṃ jānāti purisavisesaṃ jānāti – ‘ayamidamarahati ayamidamarahatī’ti tattha tattha purisavisesakaro ahosi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. Nigrodha parimaṇḍalo ca hoti, ṭhitakoyeva ca anonamanto ubhohi pāṇitalehi jaṇṇukāni parimasati parimajjati.
‘‘So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Aḍḍho hoti mahaddhano mahābhogo pahūtajātarūparajato pahūtavittūpakaraṇo pahūtadhanadhañño paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati…pe… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Aḍḍho hoti mahaddhano mahābhogo. Tassimāni dhanāni honti, seyyathidaṃ, saddhādhanaṃ sīladhanaṃ hiridhanaṃ ottappadhanaṃ sutadhanaṃ cāgadhanaṃ paññādhanaṃ. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
223PTS 3.164已对照

关于此,这样说道——“他衡量、简择、思惟之后, 观察对众人的摄受; [判定]‘这个人应得这个’,于种种处, 他从前便是作出对人分别的人。“他站在大地上而不弯身, 就以两手触摩双膝; 他身圆如大树, 这是善行之业异熟的余势[所致]。“通晓种种[吉凶]征与相的、 极为微妙善巧的人们记别道: 凡在家人所应得的种种[福分], 这幼小柔嫩的童子都能获得。“在此,这位大地之主若受用诸欲, 便有许多相似的在家人[随之]; 若他舍弃一切欲乐受用, 便得到无上最上的第一之财。”

223. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Tuliya paṭivicaya cintayitvā,
Mahājanasaṅgahanaṃ [mahājanaṃ saṅgāhakaṃ (ka.)] samekkhamāno;
Ayamidamarahati tattha tattha,
Purisavisesakaro pure ahosi.
‘‘Mahiñca pana [samā ca pana (syā.), sa hi ca pana (sī. pī.)] ṭhito anonamanto,
Phusati karehi ubhohi jaṇṇukāni;
Mahiruhaparimaṇḍalo ahosi,
Sucaritakammavipākasesakena.
‘‘Bahuvividhanimittalakkhaṇaññū,
Atinipuṇā manujā byākariṃsu;
Bahuvividhā gihīnaṃ arahāni,
Paṭilabhati daharo susu kumāro.
‘‘Idha ca mahīpatissa kāmabhogī,
Gihipatirūpakā bahū bhavanti;
Yadi ca jahati sabbakāmabhogaṃ,
Labhati anuttaraṃ uttamadhanagga’’nti.
(17-19) Sīhapubbaddhakāyāditilakkhaṇaṃ
224PTS 3.165缅 3.134已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,希求众人的义利、希求[他们的]利益、希求[他们的]安适、希求[他们的]瑜伽安稳——‘怎样才能使他们在信上增长,在戒上增长,在闻上增长,在舍上增长,在法上增长,在慧上增长,在钱财谷物上增长,在田地上增长,在二足与四足[畜]上增长,在儿与妻上增长,在奴仆、雇工与仆役上增长,在亲属上增长,在朋友上增长,在眷属上增长呢?’他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这三种大丈夫相:上半身如狮子、两肩之间充满、肩项均圆。“他具足这些相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他是不衰退之法者:不在钱财谷物、田地、二足与四足[畜]、儿与妻、奴仆雇工与仆役、亲属、朋友、眷属上衰退,不在一切成就上衰退。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他是不衰退之法者:不在信、戒、闻、舍、慧上衰退,不在一切成就上衰退。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

224. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno bahujanassa atthakāmo ahosi hitakāmo phāsukāmo yogakkhemakāmo – ‘kintime saddhāya vaḍḍheyyuṃ, sīlena vaḍḍheyyuṃ, sutena vaḍḍheyyuṃ [sutena vaḍḍheyyuṃ, buddhiyā vaḍḍheyyuṃ (syā.)], cāgena vaḍḍheyyuṃ, dhammena vaḍḍheyyuṃ, paññāya vaḍḍheyyuṃ, dhanadhaññena vaḍḍheyyuṃ, khettavatthunā vaḍḍheyyuṃ, dvipadacatuppadehi vaḍḍheyyuṃ, puttadārehi vaḍḍheyyuṃ, dāsakammakaraporisehi vaḍḍheyyuṃ, ñātīhi vaḍḍheyyuṃ, mittehi vaḍḍheyyuṃ, bandhavehi vaḍḍheyyu’nti. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imāni tīṇi mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. Sīhapubbaddhakāyo ca hoti citantaraṃso ca samavaṭṭakkhandho ca.
‘‘So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Aparihānadhammo hoti, na parihāyati dhanadhaññena khettavatthunā dvipadacatuppadehi puttadārehi dāsakammakaraporisehi ñātīhi mittehi bandhavehi, na parihāyati sabbasampattiyā. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Aparihānadhammo hoti, na parihāyati saddhāya sīlena sutena cāgena paññāya, na parihāyati sabbasampattiyā. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
225缅 3.135已对照

关于此,这样说道——“以信、以戒、以闻、以觉慧, 以舍、以法、以众多善事, 以财、以谷、以田地, 以子、以妻、以四足[畜];“以亲属、以朋友、以眷属, 以力、以容色、以乐——此二者兼之; 他愿:他人如何才能不衰退, 并且希求[他们]义利的成就。“他上半身如狮子而善安立, 肩项均圆,两肩之间充满; 由于从前所善行、所作之业, 这就是他不衰退的先兆。“在家者也以谷、以财而增长, 以子、以妻、以四足[畜]而增长; 一无所有的出家者, 证得无上的菩提——不衰退之法性。”

225. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Saddhāya sīlena sutena buddhiyā,
Cāgena dhammena bahūhi sādhuhi;
Dhanena dhaññena ca khettavatthunā,
Puttehi dārehi catuppadehi ca.
‘‘Ñātīhi mittehi ca bandhavehi ca,
Balena vaṇṇena sukhena cūbhayaṃ;
Kathaṃ na hāyeyyuṃ pareti icchati,
Atthassa middhī ca [idaṃ samiddhañca (ka.), addhaṃ samiddhañca (syā.)] panābhikaṅkhati.
‘‘Sa sīhapubbaddhasusaṇṭhito ahu,
Samavaṭṭakkhandho ca citantaraṃso;
Pubbe suciṇṇena katena kammunā,
Ahāniyaṃ pubbanimittamassa taṃ.
‘‘Gihīpi dhaññena dhanena vaḍḍhati,
Puttehi dārehi catuppadehi ca;
Akiñcano pabbajito anuttaraṃ,
Pappoti bodhiṃ asahānadhammata’’nti [sambodhimahānadhammatanti (syā. ka.) ṭīkā oloketabbā].
(20) Rasaggasaggitālakkhaṇaṃ
226PTS 3.166已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,本性不以手、或以土块、或以棍棒、或以刀剑损恼众生。他因那业的所作、所积集……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这个大丈夫相:得味中最上之味——他的诸味管向上,生于颈中,均匀输送[诸味]。“他具足这个相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他少病少恼,具足消化均匀的胃,不太冷也不太热。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他少病少恼,具足消化均匀的胃,不太冷也不太热,居中而堪能精勤。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

226. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno sattānaṃ aviheṭhakajātiko ahosi pāṇinā vā leḍḍunā vā daṇḍena vā satthena vā. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhati, rasaggasaggī hoti, uddhaggāssa rasaharaṇīyo gīvāya jātā honti samābhivāhiniyo [samavāharasaharaṇiyo (syā.)].
‘‘So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Appābādho hoti appātaṅko, samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Appābādho hoti appātaṅko samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
227PTS 3.167缅 3.136已对照

关于此,这样说道——“他不曾以手、以棍棒、以土块, 也不曾以刀剑或以杀害, 以捆缚或以恐吓, 损恼众人——他是不损恼者。“正因此,他往生善趣而欢悦, 作了有乐果之[业]而领受诸乐; [其]味管有均匀之力而善安立, 来到此处便获得味中最上之味。“因此那些极为微妙的明见者说他: 这个人将多有安乐; 无论他是在家人还是出家人, 这个相都显示着这样的意义。”

227. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Na pāṇidaṇḍehi panātha leḍḍunā,
Satthena vā maraṇavadhena [māraṇavadhena (ka.)] vā pana;
Ubbādhanāya paritajjanāya vā,
Na heṭhayī janatamaheṭhako ahu.
‘‘Teneva so sugatimupecca modati,
Sukhapphalaṃ kariya sukhāni vindati;
Samojasā [sampajjasā (sī. pī.), pāmuñjasā (syā.), sāmañca sā (ka.)] rasaharaṇī susaṇṭhitā,
Idhāgato labhati rasaggasaggitaṃ.
‘‘Tenāhu naṃ atinipuṇā vicakkhaṇā,
Ayaṃ naro sukhabahulo bhavissati;
Gihissa vā pabbajitassa vā puna [pana (syā.)],
Taṃ lakkhaṇaṃ bhavati tadatthajotaka’’nti.
(21-22) Abhinīlanettagopakhumalakkhaṇāni
228PTS 3.168已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,不散乱而视,不斜眼而视,也不有所拣择而视;[而是]正直地、坦然舒展地、以正直之意,以爱眼注视众人。他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这两种大丈夫相:眼绀青、睫如牛犊。“他具足这些相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他为众人所乐见,为婆罗门与居士、市民与乡民、会计大臣、侍卫、守门人、大臣、廷臣、诸王、领邑者、王子们所爱、所可意。身为王时得此……乃至……身为佛时得什么?他为众人所乐见,为比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷、诸天、人、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆所爱、所可意。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

228. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno na ca visaṭaṃ, na ca visāci [na ca visācitaṃ (sī. pī.), na ca visāvi (syā.)], na ca pana viceyya pekkhitā, ujuṃ tathā pasaṭamujumano, piyacakkhunā bahujanaṃ udikkhitā ahosi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. Abhinīlanetto ca hoti gopakhumo ca.
‘‘So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato, sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Piyadassano hoti bahuno janassa, piyo hoti manāpo brāhmaṇagahapatikānaṃ negamajānapadānaṃ gaṇakamahāmattānaṃ anīkaṭṭhānaṃ dovārikānaṃ amaccānaṃ pārisajjānaṃ rājūnaṃ bhogiyānaṃ kumārānaṃ. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati…pe… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Piyadassano hoti bahuno janassa, piyo hoti manāpo bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ upāsakānaṃ upāsikānaṃ devānaṃ manussānaṃ asurānaṃ nāgānaṃ gandhabbānaṃ. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
229PTS 3.169缅 3.137已对照

关于此,这样说道——“不散乱而视,不斜眼而视,也不有所拣择而视; 正直地、坦然舒展地、以正直之意,以爱眼注视众人。“他在诸善趣中 领受那果异熟,在那里欢悦; 而在此处则睫如牛犊, 眼绀青,其目善见。“精勤而微妙善巧者、 许多善知[吉凶]征者、 善于细察的人们, 都记别他为‘乐见者’。“乐见者纵为在家人, 也为众人所爱乐; 若他不为在家人而成为沙门, 则为众人所爱,能灭[其]忧愁。”

229. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Na ca visaṭaṃ na ca visāci [visācitaṃ (sī. pī.), visāvi (syā.)], na ca pana viceyyapekkhitā;
Ujuṃ tathā pasaṭamujumano, piyacakkhunā bahujanaṃ udikkhitā.
‘‘Sugatīsu so phalavipākaṃ,
Anubhavati tattha modati;
Idha ca pana bhavati gopakhumo,
Abhinīlanettanayano sudassano.
‘‘Abhiyogino ca nipuṇā,
Bahū pana nimittakovidā;
Sukhumanayanakusalā manujā,
Piyadassanoti abhiniddisanti naṃ.
‘‘Piyadassano gihīpi santo ca,
Bhavati bahujanapiyāyito;
Yadi ca na bhavati gihī samaṇo hoti,
Piyo bahūnaṃ sokanāsano’’ti.
(23) Uṇhīsasīsalakkhaṇaṃ
230已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,于诸善法为众人之先导、为众人之上首:于身善行、语善行、意善行,于布施分与、于受持戒、于布萨斋戒,于敬母、敬父、敬沙门、敬婆罗门、于家中尊敬长者,以及于其他种种增上善法。他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这个大丈夫相:顶如缠首巾。“他具足这个相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?有众人随从于他,即:婆罗门与居士、市民与乡民、会计大臣、侍卫、守门人、大臣、廷臣、诸王、领邑者、王子们。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?有众人随从于他,即:比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷、诸天、人、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

230. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno bahujanapubbaṅgamo ahosi kusalesu dhammesu bahujanapāmokkho kāyasucarite vacīsucarite manosucarite dānasaṃvibhāge sīlasamādāne uposathupavāse matteyyatāya petteyyatāya sāmaññatāya brahmaññatāya kule jeṭṭhāpacāyitāya aññataraññataresu ca adhikusalesu dhammesu. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhati – uṇhīsasīso hoti.
‘‘So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Mahāssa jano anvāyiko hoti, brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Mahāssa jano anvāyiko hoti, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
231PTS 3.170缅 3.138已对照

关于此,这样说道——“他于诸善行中是先导, 于诸法中乐于法行; 他是众人所随从者, 在诸天界领受了福业之果。“他领受了善行之果后, 在此获得顶如缠首巾[之相]; 持相好之征的人们记别道: 他曾是先导,将有众人随从。“人中的贡奉者们, 那时便预先向他献纳; 若他成为刹帝利、大地之主, 便在众人中得到给侍。“而这人若出家, 则于诸法善巧娴熟; 乐于他教诫之德, 众人便随从于他。”

231. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Pubbaṅgamo sucaritesu ahu,
Dhammesu dhammacariyābhirato;
Anvāyiko bahujanassa ahu,
Saggesu vedayittha puññaphalaṃ.
‘‘Veditvā so sucaritassa phalaṃ,
Uṇhīsasīsattamidhajjhagamā;
Byākaṃsu byañjananimittadharā,
Pubbaṅgamo bahujanaṃ hessati.
‘‘Paṭibhogiyā manujesu idha,
Pubbeva tassa abhiharanti tadā;
Yadi khattiyo bhavati bhūmipati,
Paṭihārakaṃ bahujane labhati.
‘‘Atha cepi pabbajati so manujo,
Dhammesu hoti paguṇo visavī;
Tassānusāsaniguṇābhirato,
Anvāyiko bahujano bhavatī’’ti.
(24-25) Ekekalomatāuṇṇālakkhaṇāni
232PTS 3.171缅 3.139已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,舍断虚妄语,远离虚妄语,说真实语,坚持真实,坚定可靠,不欺骗世间。他因那业的所作、所积集……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这两种大丈夫相:一孔一毛;诸毛一一生于一一毛孔,两眉之间生有白毫,洁白柔软,如细绵。“他具足这些相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?有众人归向他,即:婆罗门与居士、市民与乡民、会计大臣、侍卫、守门人、大臣、廷臣、诸王、领邑者、王子们。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?有众人归向他,即:比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷、诸天、人、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

232. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato ahosi, saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṃvādako lokassa. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. Ekekalomo ca hoti, uṇṇā ca bhamukantare jātā hoti odātā mudutūlasannibhā.
‘‘So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato, sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Mahāssa jano upavattati, brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Mahāssa jano upavattati, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
233已对照

关于此,这样说道——“在过去诸生中他承许真实, 言不两可,远离虚妄; 他不曾欺诳任何人, 以真实、如实、如是[之语]而说。“洁白、极白、如细绵般柔软的白毫, 善生于两眉之间; 诸毛孔中不曾生出二毛, 他的身上一孔一毛。“许多知相者聚集而来, 善知生相之征的人们记别道: 白毫与身毛既如此善安立, 这样的人便有众人归向。“他纵为在家人,众人也归向他, 多因从前所作之业; 对那一无所有的出家者、无上者, 纵成为佛陀,众人依然归向他。”

233. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Saccappaṭiñño purimāsu jātisu,
Advejjhavāco alikaṃ vivajjayi;
Na so visaṃvādayitāpi kassaci,
Bhūtena tacchena tathena bhāsayi [tosayi (sī. pī.)].
‘‘Setā susukkā mudutūlasannibhā,
Uṇṇā sujātā [uṇṇāssa jātā (ka. sī.)] bhamukantare ahu;
Na lomakūpesu duve ajāyisuṃ,
Ekekalomūpacitaṅgavā ahu.
‘‘Taṃ lakkhaṇaññū bahavo samāgatā,
Byākaṃsu uppādanimittakovidā;
Uṇṇā ca lomā ca yathā susaṇṭhitā,
Upavattatī īdisakaṃ bahujjano.
‘‘Gihimpi santaṃ upavattatī jano,
Bahu puratthāpakatena kammunā;
Akiñcanaṃ pabbajitaṃ anuttaraṃ,
Buddhampi santaṃ upavattati jano’’ti.
(26-27) Cattālīsaaviraḷadantalakkhaṇāni
234PTS 3.172缅 3.140已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,舍断离间语,远离离间语:从这里听到之后,不到那里去说,以免离间这些人;从那里听到之后,不对这些人说,以免离间那些人。这样,他调解分裂者,促进和合者,乐于和合,喜欢和合,欣喜和合,说能促成和合的话。他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这两种大丈夫相:有四十齿、齿无间隙。“他具足这些相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他的众不可分裂,他的诸众不可分裂,即:婆罗门与居士、市民与乡民、会计大臣、侍卫、守门人、大臣、廷臣、诸王、领邑者、王子们。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他的众不可分裂,他的诸众不可分裂,即:比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷、诸天、人、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

234. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato ahosi. Ito sutvā na amutra akkhātā imesaṃ bhedāya, amutra vā sutvā na imesaṃ akkhātā amūsaṃ bhedāya, iti bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātā, sahitānaṃ vā anuppadātā, samaggārāmo samaggarato samagganandī samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā ahosi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. Cattālīsadanto ca hoti aviraḷadanto ca.
‘‘So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Abhejjapariso hoti, abhejjāssa honti parisā, brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati … buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Abhejjapariso hoti, abhejjāssa honti parisā, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
235PTS 3.173缅 3.141已对照

关于此,这样说道——“中伤之语、使和合者分裂之语, 增长分裂的诤论之语, 增长争斗、作不应作之事之语, 令和合者分裂之语——他都不曾说。“他说增长无诤的善言, 说令分裂者重归和合之语; 他消除众人的争斗, 与和合者一同欢喜、欣悦。“他在诸善趣中领受果异熟, 在那里欢悦; 在此他的诸齿无间隙而紧密相连, 口中所生的四十齿善安立。“若他成为刹帝利、大地之主, 他的众便不可分裂; 若成为沙门,离尘无垢, 他的众便随顺而不动摇。”

235. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Vebhūtiyaṃ sahitabhedakāriṃ,
Bhedappavaḍḍhanavivādakāriṃ;
Kalahappavaḍḍhanaākiccakāriṃ,
Sahitānaṃ bhedajananiṃ na bhaṇi.
‘‘Avivādavaḍḍhanakariṃ sugiraṃ,
Bhinnānusandhijananiṃ abhaṇi;
Kalahaṃ janassa panudī samaṅgī,
Sahitehi nandati pamodati ca.
‘‘Sugatīsu so phalavipākaṃ,
Anubhavati tattha modati;
Dantā idha honti aviraḷā sahitā,
Caturo dasassa mukhajā susaṇṭhitā.
‘‘Yadi khattiyo bhavati bhūmipati,
Avibhediyāssa parisā bhavati;
Samaṇo ca hoti virajo vimalo,
Parisāssa hoti anugatā acalā’’ti.
(28-29) Pahūtajivhābrahmassaralakkhaṇāni
236PTS 3.174已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,舍断粗恶语,远离粗恶语。凡是柔和的、悦耳的、可爱的、感人心的、文雅的、众人喜欢的、众人合意的言语,他就说这样的话。他因那业的所作、所积集……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这两种大丈夫相:广长舌、梵音声,语如迦陵频伽鸟。“他具足这些相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他的话被采纳;婆罗门与居士、市民与乡民、会计大臣、侍卫、守门人、大臣、廷臣、诸王、领邑者、王子们都采纳他的话。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他的话被采纳;比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷、诸天、人、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆都采纳他的话。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

236. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato ahosi. Yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā, tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā ahosi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati. Pahūtajivho ca hoti brahmassaro ca karavīkabhāṇī.
‘‘So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Ādeyyavāco hoti, ādiyantissa vacanaṃ brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Ādeyyavāco hoti, ādiyantissa vacanaṃ bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
237PTS 3.175缅 3.142已对照

关于此,这样说道——“骂詈、争吵、作恼害之语, 逼迫、摧折众人之语; 他不曾说这猛厉粗恶的言语, 只说甘美、善和合、温和之语。“他发出意所爱乐、动人心、 悦耳的言语; 他领受了善修言语之果, 在诸天界领受了福业之果。“他领受了善行之果后, 在此获得梵音声; 他的舌广大而宽长, 他所说的话被人采纳。“他纵为在家人,所说亦得成就; 而这人若出家, 众人便采纳他的话—— 他为众人多说善说之语。”

237. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Akkosabhaṇḍanavihesakāriṃ,
Ubbādhikaṃ [ubbādhakaraṃ (syā.)] bahujanappamaddanaṃ;
Abāḷhaṃ giraṃ so na bhaṇi pharusaṃ,
Madhuraṃ bhaṇi susaṃhitaṃ [susahitaṃ (syā.)] sakhilaṃ.
‘‘Manaso piyā hadayagāminiyo,
Vācā so erayati kaṇṇasukhā;
Vācāsuciṇṇaphalamanubhavi,
Saggesu vedayatha [vedayati (?) ṭīkā oloketabbā] puññaphalaṃ.
‘‘Veditvā so sucaritassa phalaṃ,
Brahmassarattamidhamajjhagamā;
Jivhāssa hoti vipulā puthulā,
Ādeyyavākyavacano bhavati.
‘‘Gihinopi ijjhati yathā bhaṇato,
Atha ce pabbajati so manujo;
Ādiyantissa vacanaṃ janatā,
Bahuno bahuṃ subhaṇitaṃ bhaṇato’’ti.
(30) Sīhahanulakkhaṇaṃ
238已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,舍断杂秽语,远离杂秽语:适时而说,真实而说,有义而说,说法而说,说律而说;在适当的时候,说有价值的、有根据的、有节制的、具有义利的话。他因那业的所作……乃至……他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这个大丈夫相:颔如狮子。“他具足这个相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王……乃至……身为王时得什么?他不为任何身为人的敌人、仇敌所摧坏。身为王时得此……身为佛时得什么?他不为内在或外在的敌人、仇敌,不为贪、或瞋、或痴,或沙门、或婆罗门、或天、或魔、或梵天,或世间任何[者]所摧坏。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

238. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno samphappalāpaṃ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato ahosi kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī, nidhānavatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā ahosi kālena sāpadesaṃ pariyantavatiṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā…pe… so tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ paṭilabhati, sīhahanu hoti.
‘‘So tena lakkhaṇena samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī…pe… rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Appadhaṃsiyo hoti kenaci manussabhūtena paccatthikena paccāmittena. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati… buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Appadhaṃsiyo hoti abbhantarehi vā bāhirehi vā paccatthikehi paccāmittehi, rāgena vā dosena vā mohena vā samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
239PTS 3.176缅 3.143已对照

关于此,这样说道——“他不[说]杂秽语,不[说]傲慢[语], 言语与语路不散乱; 他驱除了无益之[语], 也说有益的、令众人安乐的[语]。“作了这[业],从此死殁而生于天, 领受了善作之业的果异熟; 死殁后再来到此处时, 他获得四足[兽]中更上者的无上之颔。“他成为极难被摧坏的王, 人中之主、人中之尊,有威势广大; [其威]等同三十三天的殊胜之城, 犹如诸天中更尊胜的帝释。“乾闼婆、阿修罗、夜叉、罗刹, 以及诸天,都不能轻易摧坏他; 若这样的人成为如是[心]性者, 则于此方、对方与四隅[皆然]。”

239. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Na samphappalāpaṃ na muddhataṃ [buddhatanti (ka.)],
Avikiṇṇavacanabyappatho ahosi;
Ahitamapi ca apanudi,
Hitamapi ca bahujanasukhañca abhaṇi.
‘‘Taṃ katvā ito cuto divamupapajji,
Sukataphalavipākamanubhosi;
Caviya punaridhāgato samāno,
Dvidugamavaratarahanuttamalattha.
‘‘Rājā hoti suduppadhaṃsiyo,
Manujindo manujādhipati mahānubhāvo;
Tidivapuravarasamo bhavati,
Suravarataroriva indo.
‘‘Gandhabbāsurayakkharakkhasebhi [surasakkarakkhasebhi (syā.)],
Surehi na hi bhavati suppadhaṃsiyo;
Tathatto yadi bhavati tathāvidho,
Idha disā ca paṭidisā ca vidisā cā’’ti.
(31-32) Samadantasusukkadāṭhālakkhaṇāni
240PTS 3.177缅 3.144已对照

“诸比丘,如来于过去生、过去有、过去住处,从前身为人时,舍断邪命,以正命营生,远离欺秤、伪币、欺量、贿赂、欺瞒、诈伪、邪曲之行、砍伐、杀戮、捆绑、拦路抢劫、掠夺、暴力。他因那业的所作、所积集、所增盛、所广大,身坏命终之后,往生善趣天界。他在那里以十事胜过其他诸天:以天寿、以天容色、以天乐、以天名声、以天权威,以天色、以天声、以天香、以天味、以天触。他从那里死殁,来到此[人]界时,获得这两种大丈夫相:齿齐平、牙极白。“他具足这些相,如果居住在家,将成为转轮王,是如法的法王,领有四方,得胜利,达成国土安定,具足七宝。他拥有这七宝,即:轮宝、象宝、马宝、摩尼宝、女宝、居士宝,将军宝为第七。他有一千多个儿子,都是勇健者,具英雄之姿,能摧破敌军。他不以刀杖,而以法征服这片以海洋为边际、无荒秽、无[凶]相、无荆棘、富裕、繁荣、安稳、吉祥、无灾患的大地后安住。身为王时得什么?他的眷属清净,他有清净的眷属,即:婆罗门与居士、市民与乡民、会计大臣、侍卫、守门人、大臣、廷臣、诸王、领邑者、王子们。身为王时得此。“然而,如果他从在家出家而成为无家者,将成为阿罗汉、正等正觉者,是世间揭开覆障者。身为佛时得什么?他的眷属清净,他有清净的眷属,即:比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷、诸天、人、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆。身为佛时得此。”世尊说了这个义理。

240. ‘‘Yampi, bhikkhave, tathāgato purimaṃ jātiṃ purimaṃ bhavaṃ purimaṃ niketaṃ pubbe manussabhūto samāno micchājīvaṃ pahāya sammāājīvena jīvikaṃ kappesi, tulākūṭa kaṃsakūṭa mānakūṭa ukkoṭana vañcana nikati sāciyoga chedana vadha bandhana viparāmosa ālopa sahasākārā [sāhasākārā (sī. syā. pī.)] paṭivirato ahosi. So tassa kammassa kaṭattā upacitattā ussannattā vipulattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. So tattha aññe deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti dibbena āyunā dibbena vaṇṇena dibbena sukhena dibbena yasena dibbena ādhipateyyena dibbehi rūpehi dibbehi saddehi dibbehi gandhehi dibbehi rasehi dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehi. So tato cuto itthattaṃ āgato samāno imāni dve mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭilabhati, samadanto ca hoti susukkadāṭho ca.
‘‘So tehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti, seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ hatthiratanaṃ assaratanaṃ maṇiratanaṃ itthiratanaṃ gahapatiratanaṃ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ akhilamanimittamakaṇṭakaṃ iddhaṃ phītaṃ khemaṃ sivaṃ nirabbudaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Rājā samāno kiṃ labhati? Suciparivāro hoti sucissa honti parivārā brāhmaṇagahapatikā negamajānapadā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā amaccā pārisajjā rājāno bhogiyā kumārā. Rājā samāno idaṃ labhati.
‘‘Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado. Buddho samāno kiṃ labhati? Suciparivāro hoti, sucissa honti parivārā, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Buddho samāno idaṃ labhati’’. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca.
241PTS 3.178缅 3.145已对照

关于此,这样说道——“他舍弃了邪命,以平正之道营生, 以清净如法[之行]生起[资财]; 他驱除了无益之[事], 也行有益的、令众人安乐的[事]。“此人在天上领受诸乐果, 所作[之业]为微妙的智者、善人所称赞; [其乐]等同三十三天的殊胜之城, 他具足喜乐与嬉戏而欢娱。“他从那里获得人的[生]有, 死殁之后,以善作之业果异熟的余势, 获得口中所生的[齿]: 齐平、清净而极白。“许多聚集的占相者、 被公认为微妙善巧的人们记别道: 他将有清净之人为眷属众; [其]齿齐平、洁白、清净而美好。“身为王时他有众多人民, 以清净的眷属统治广大的大地; 他不以威力逼害国土, [众人]反行有益的、令众人安乐的[事]。“而这人若出家,便离诸恶, 成为尘息、揭开覆障的沙门; 热恼与疲倦皆已离, 他见此世,也见他世。“奉行他教诫的在家者与出家者众多, 他们抖落不净的、受呵责的恶; 他确实为清净者所围绕, 能驱除垢、荒秽、罪与烦恼。”世尊说了这[番话]。那些比丘满意,欢喜世尊之所说。《三十二相经》第七,终。

241. Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Micchājīvañca avassaji samena vuttiṃ,
Sucinā so janayittha dhammikena;
Ahitamapi ca apanudi,
Hitamapi ca bahujanasukhañca acari.
‘‘Sagge vedayati naro sukhapphalāni,
Karitvā nipuṇebhi vidūhi sabbhi;
Vaṇṇitāni tidivapuravarasamo,
Abhiramati ratikhiḍḍāsamaṅgī.
‘‘Laddhānaṃ mānusakaṃ bhavaṃ tato,
Cavitvāna sukataphalavipākaṃ;
Sesakena paṭilabhati lapanajaṃ,
Samamapi sucisusukkaṃ [laddhāna manussakaṃ bhavaṃ tato caviya, puna sukataphalavipākasesakena; paṭilabhati lapanajaṃ samamapi, suci ca suvisuddhasusukkaṃ (syā.)].
‘‘Taṃ veyyañjanikā samāgatā bahavo,
Byākaṃsu nipuṇasammatā manujā;
Sucijanaparivāragaṇo bhavati,
Dijasamasukkasucisobhanadanto.
‘‘Rañño hoti bahujano,
Suciparivāro mahatiṃ mahiṃ anusāsato;
Pasayha na ca janapadatudanaṃ,
Hitamapi ca bahujanasukhañca caranti.
‘‘Atha ce pabbajati bhavati vipāpo,
Samaṇo samitarajo vivaṭṭacchado;
Vigatadarathakilamatho,
Imamapi ca paramapi ca [imampi ca parampi ca (pī.), paraṃpi paramaṃpi ca (syā.)] passati lokaṃ.
‘‘Tassovādakarā bahugihī ca pabbajitā ca,
Asuciṃ garahitaṃ dhunanti pāpaṃ;
Sa hi sucibhi parivuto bhavati,
Malakhilakalikilese panudehī’’ti [tassovādakarā bahugihī ca, pabbajitā ca asucivigarahita; panudipāpassa hi sucibhiparivuto, bhavati malakhilakakilese panudeti (syā.)].
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Lakkhaṇasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ sattamaṃ.