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增支部 · 一集篇首

本经目录经文一集义注一集义注序论略论复注一集复注序论序论释义序论释义,终。

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经文

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一集

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义注

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一集义注

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序论

Ganthārambhakathā
PTS 1.1缅 1.1已对照篇首

[他]心因悲而清凉,以慧灯破除了痴暗;

[他是]含人与天之世间的尊重者——我礼敬已解脱诸趣的善逝(sugata)。

佛陀也是既修习了[那法]、又现证了[它],

才趣得[佛的境界]的——我礼敬那离垢的、无上的法。

善逝的诸胸生之子,[他们]是破魔军者——

那八[辈]之聚,我以头礼敬[之],[即]圣僧团。

如是,由我这心意净信者[所作]的、由礼敬三宝所成的那份福——

愿以它的威力,[令我]成为障碍善除者,

[而]以一[支]、二[支]等所庄严的、殊胜的《增支部》(aṅguttarāgama)——

[即]能令诸说法者中的牛王(dhammakathikapuṅgava)生起多彩辩才的[那部阿含]——

为显明[其]义,最初由诸得自在者(vasī)之百——

[即]五百[位]——所结集、后来也[于第二、第三次结集中]被随结集的那部义注,

由得自在者马哈玛欣德(Mahāmahinda)带到了师子洲(Sīhaḷadīpa),

为诸洲住民的利益,以师子洲语(sīhaḷabhāsā)安立了下来。

我从那[义注]中除去师子洲语,[而将它]升入悦意之语(manoramā bhāsā)——

[升入那]契合圣典(tanti)之法则、离于过失的[语];

[并]不违背诸长老的宗义(samaya)——[他们]是长老世系的明灯、

抉择极为精微、住于大寺(Mahāvihāra)者;

舍去一再重来之义,我将显明[其]义,

为令善人欢喜,并为令法久住。

舍卫城等诸城的解说,前面已经由我作过了——

[那是]我在说《长部》与《中部》之义时[所作],

以广说的方式[作的];以及在那里所说的那些故事(vatthu)——

对那些[故事],我在此也不再多作广说了。

然而诸经之义中,凡不借诸故事便不得显明者——

为显明它们,我也将出示诸故事。

戒论、头陀法(dhutadhamma),以及一切业处,

连同性行(cariyā)之分判,[以及]禅与等至的广说;

以及一切神通(abhiññā),还有慧的合计与抉择;

蕴、界、处、根,以及那四圣[谛]——

[即诸]谛,[与]缘之行相(paccayākāra)的教说,[其]理趣极清净而精微;

不离圣典之道,以及毗婆舍那(vipassanā)的修习——

然而这一切,由于已由我在《清净道论》(Visuddhimagga)中极为清净地

说过了,所以在此[义注中]不再多加论究它。

「此《清净道论》,正处于四阿含之中央,

[它]将住[于其中]而显明那里如所说之义。」

[《清净道论》]正是这样造成的,所以你们应把它也取来,连同这部

义注[《满足希求》(Manorathapūraṇī)]一起,了知依于《增支部》之义。

‘‘Karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ, paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ;
Sanarāmaralokagaruṃ, vande sugataṃ gativimuttaṃ.
‘‘Buddhopi buddhabhāvaṃ, bhāvetvā ceva sacchikatvā ca;
Yaṃ upagato gatamalaṃ, vande tamanuttaraṃ dhammaṃ.
‘‘Sugatassa orasānaṃ, puttānaṃ mārasenamathanānaṃ;
Aṭṭhannampi samūhaṃ, sirasā vande ariyasaṅghaṃ.
‘‘Iti me pasannamatino, ratanattayavandanāmayaṃ puññaṃ;
Yaṃ suvihatantarāyo, hutvā tassānubhāvena.
‘‘Ekakadukādipaṭimaṇḍitassa aṅguttarāgamavarassa;
Dhammakathikapuṅgavānaṃ, vicittapaṭibhānajananassa.
‘‘Atthappakāsanatthaṃ, aṭṭhakathā ādito vasisatehi;
Pañcahi yā saṅgītā, anusaṅgītā ca pacchāpi.
‘‘Sīhaḷadīpaṃ pana ābhatātha vasinā mahāmahindena;
Ṭhapitā sīhaḷabhāsāya, dīpavāsīnamatthāya.
‘‘Apanetvāna tatohaṃ, sīhaḷabhāsaṃ manoramaṃ bhāsaṃ;
Tantinayānucchavikaṃ, āropento vigatadosaṃ.
‘‘Samayaṃ avilomento, therānaṃ theravaṃsadīpānaṃ;
Sunipuṇavinicchayānaṃ, mahāvihāre nivāsīnaṃ.
‘‘Hitvā punappunāgatamatthaṃ, atthaṃ pakāsayissāmi;
Sujanassa ca tuṭṭhatthaṃ, ciraṭṭhitatthañca dhammassa.
‘‘Sāvatthipabhūtīnaṃ, nagarānaṃ vaṇṇanā katā heṭṭhā;
Dīghassa majjhimassa ca, yā me atthaṃ vadantena.
‘‘Vitthāravasena sudaṃ, vatthūni ca tattha yāni vuttāni;
Tesampi na idha bhiyyo, vitthārakathaṃ karissāmi.
‘‘Suttānaṃ pana atthā, na vinā vatthūhi ye pakāsanti;
Tesaṃ pakāsanatthaṃ, vatthūnipi dassayissāmi.
‘‘Sīlakathā dhutadhammā, kammaṭṭhānāni ceva sabbāni;
Cariyāvidhānasahito, jhānasamāpattivitthāro.
‘‘Sabbā ca abhiññāyo, paññāsaṅkalananicchayo ceva;
Khandhādhātāyatanindriyāni, ariyāni ceva cattāri.
‘‘Saccāni paccayākāradesanā suparisuddhanipuṇanayā;
Avimuttatantimaggā, vipassanābhāvanā ceva.
‘‘Iti pana sabbaṃ yasmā, visuddhimagge mayā suparisuddhaṃ;
Vuttaṃ tasmā bhiyyo, na taṃ idha vicārayissāmi.
‘‘Majjhe visuddhimaggo, esa catunnampi āgamānañhi;
Ṭhatvā pakāsayissati, tattha yathābhāsitamatthaṃ.
‘‘Icceva kato tasmā, tampi gahetvāna saddhimetāya;
Aṭṭhakathāya vijānatha, aṅguttaranissitaṃ attha’’nti.
已对照

略论

Saṃkhepakathā
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复注

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一集复注

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序论

Ganthārambhakathā
缅 1.1已对照篇首

[他]智慧无边,是悲的居所,

我敬礼那战胜了五魔的怙主;

[敬礼]清净的、为有之坏灭之因的法,

以及最胜的、已破除一切恶的僧团。

那位迦叶(Kassapa)大长老,僧团导首,

在铜鍱洲(Tambapaṇṇi)岛上,令教法兴起者;

专志于行道,常住于林野,

在教法中显赫,犹如天空中的月轮。

我礼敬[这位]僧团之父,[他]于律极为精通;

我依止他而住,在教法中得到了增长。

随长老善慧(Sumedha),具大慧、以学识著称,

戒等未曾毁损,清净的功德由之兴起;

多闻、具念、已调伏、寂静、得定——

我以头敬礼那位坚固者,我的师长、为众讲授者。

于那些通晓所传阿含与思辨、了知声论理趣的

他的内住弟子比丘之中,教法善为住立。

那位师子[洲]之王,坚毅而有名望,

慧广大,于诸技艺精巧;

生于清净的日种、月种[世系],

有大力,行持与威光皆未曾有。

[他]战胜了极难制伏的敌众,

以不共他人的勇武;

得受灌顶,奉行胜者之法,

于三宝深具净信。

当胜者的教法长久分裂之时,

[他]善加制伏诸敌对者,

将那受称赞的和合之味,犹如甘露一般,

给戒清净的诸比丘饮用。

[他]建造了广大而可爱的诸寺院,

对安置于其中的、数达多千的

全部比丘,以四资具

极长久地、不间断地令[他们]满足。

[他]希望正法增长,

亲自也教诫诸比丘,

令[他们]致力于典籍与毗婆舍那,

使胜者的教法增长。

我受到他极大的护持,

以不共他人的摄受;

由于[我]为那位名为勇臂[者]

在比丘众中所劝请,

所以,诸深[奥]语句之义——

[即]殊胜的《增支部》释义中[诸语句之义]——

我将全部显示出来,令易于了知,

依于前代诸阿阇梨的威力。

Anantañāṇaṃ karuṇāniketaṃ,
Namāmi nāthaṃ jitapañcamāraṃ;
Dhammaṃ visuddhaṃ bhavanāsahetuṃ,
Saṅghañca seṭṭhaṃ hatasabbapāpaṃ.
Kassapaṃ taṃ mahātheraṃ, saṅghassa pariṇāyakaṃ;
Dīpasmiṃ tambapaṇṇimhi, sāsanodayakārakaṃ.
Paṭipattiparādhīnaṃ, sadāraññanivāsinaṃ;
Pākaṭaṃ gagane canda-maṇḍalaṃ viya sāsane.
Saṅghassa pitaraṃ vande, vinaye suvisāradaṃ;
Yaṃ nissāya vasantohaṃ, vuḍḍhippattosmi sāsane.
Anutheraṃ mahāpaññaṃ, sumedhaṃ sutivissutaṃ;
Avikhaṇḍitasīlādi-parisuddhaguṇodayaṃ.
Bahussutaṃ satimantaṃ, dantaṃ santaṃ samāhitaṃ;
Namāmi sirasā dhīraṃ, garuṃ me gaṇavācakaṃ.
Āgatāgamatakkesu, saddasatthanayaññusu;
Yassantevāsibhikkhūsu, sāsanaṃ suppatiṭṭhitaṃ.
Yo sīhaḷindo dhitimā yasassī,
Uḷārapañño nipuṇo kalāsu;
Jāto visuddhe ravisomavaṃse,
Mahabbalo abbhutavuttitejo.
Jitvārivaggaṃ atiduppasayhaṃ,
Anaññasādhāraṇavikkamena;
Pattābhiseko jinadhammasevī,
Abhippasanno ratanattayamhi.
Ciraṃ vibhinne jinasāsanasmiṃ,
Paccatthike suṭṭhu viniggahetvā;
Sudhaṃva sāmaggirasaṃ pasatthaṃ,
Pāyesi bhikkhū parisuddhasīle.
Katvā vihāre vipule ca ramme,
Tatrappitenekasahassasaṅkhe;
Bhikkhū asese catupaccayehi,
Santappayanto suciraṃ akhaṇḍaṃ.
Saddhammavuddhiṃ abhikaṅkhamāno,
Sayampi bhikkhū anusāsayitvā;
Niyojayaṃ ganthavipassanāsu,
Akāsi vuddhiṃ jinasāsanassa.
Tenāhamaccantamanuggahīto,
Anaññasādhāraṇasaṅgahena;
Yasmā parakkantabhujavhayena,
Ajjhesito bhikkhugaṇassa majjhe.
Tasmā anuttānapadānamatthaṃ,
Seṭṭhāya aṅguttaravaṇṇanāya;
Sandassayissaṃ sakalaṃ suboddhuṃ,
Nissāya pubbācariyappabhāvaṃ.
已对照

序论释义

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā
1缅 1.4已对照

一、于释义之初,[阿阇梨]欲敬礼三宝,为显示它具有殊胜功德,而说了「[他]心因悲而清凉」等[语]。因为由具殊胜功德而有应受礼敬之性,而对应受礼敬者所作的礼敬能成办如所意指的事。而此中,诸阿阇梨在各处多方铺陈于释义之初作三宝敬礼的目的;我们却只显示此处所意指的目的。因此应知:于释义之初作三宝敬礼,是为了如所自许的释义无有障碍地完成。因为正是这一目的为阿阇梨于此处所意指。正因如此,[他]将说——

「如是,由我这心意净信者[所作]的、由礼敬三宝所成的那份福——

愿以它的威力,[令我]成为障碍善除者」。

而此中,以作三宝敬礼[而得]如所自许的释义无有障碍地完成,是由于对三宝的供养[带来]慧的敏锐;而由它[带来]慧的敏锐,则是由于[它]摧破贪等诸垢。因为这已被说过——

「摩诃男(Mahānāma),当圣弟子随念如来之时,他于那时心不为贪所缠缚,心不为瞋所缠缚,心不为痴所缠缚;他于那时心唯是正直的」等(《增支部》6.10;11.11)。

所以,以对三宝的供养,垢已被洗除的慧便成就敏锐。

或者,由于对三宝的供养是定——[即]慧之足处——的因,[故有]慧的敏锐。因为它是定之因[这一点]已被说过——

「摩诃男,心已正直的圣弟子获得义喜(atthaveda),获得法喜(dhammaveda),获得与法相应的愉悦(pāmojja);愉悦者,喜生起;意有喜者,身轻安;身轻安者,感受乐;有乐者,心得定」(《增支部》6.10;11.11)。

而定是慧之足处[这一点]也已被说过——「得定者如实了知」(《相应部》3.5;4.99;5.1071)。从而,[阿阇梨]以如是已成为敏锐的慧,克服由所自许之事的重大而造成的疲倦,将无有障碍地完成释义。

或者,应知无有障碍地完成,是由于对三宝的供养增长寿、色、乐、力。因为以三宝敬礼,寿、色、乐、力便增长。因为这已被说过——

「对习于礼敬、常尊敬长者的人,

四法增长:寿、色、乐、力。」(《法句》109)——

从而,由寿、色、乐、力的增长,所作之事必定得以完成。

或者,由于对三宝的恭敬带来辩才的不衰退。因为对三宝的恭敬带来不衰退。因为这已被说过——

「诸比丘,有这七不衰退法。哪七[法]呢?对导师的恭敬、对法的恭敬、对僧的恭敬、对学的恭敬、对定的恭敬、易受劝、善友性」(《增支部》7.34)。

而从那[恭敬],由辩才的不衰退,如所自许[之事]的完成必定达成。

或者,由于对诸净信之所依的供养是殊胜之福。因为它是殊胜之福[这一点]已被说过——

「对应供养者作供养,无论[是]对佛陀或[对]诸弟子——

[他们]已超越妄衍,已渡过愁与悲;

对如是已寂灭、无所怖畏者作供养,

其福不能由任何人计量为『这么多』。」(《法句》195-196;《譬喻·长老》1.10.1-2)

而殊胜之福是如所意指[之事]得以完成的方便。如所说——

「这是天与人的、给予一切所欲之藏;

凡他们所希求的,一切皆由此而得。」(《小诵》8.10)

而对已行于诸方便者,所作之事必定得以完成。因为对三宝的供养,以无上福田之善成就,[所成]是威力不可计量的殊胜之福;故纵在障碍多种的世间聚居中,[它]也能摧毁那系缚障碍的一切杂染,并遮止怖畏等灾祸。所以说:「于释义之初作三宝敬礼,是为了如所自许的释义无有障碍地完成。」

如是,[阿阇梨]欲作那具有目的的三宝礼敬,首先为作对世尊的礼敬——因为其余诸宝以他为根本——而说了「[他]心因悲而清凉……乃至……已解脱诸趣的」。此中,他所欲释义的那一教说,既不像律的教说那样以悲为主,也不像阿毗达摩的教说那样以慧为主,而是以悲与慧为主;因此,为先作那以此二者为主的、对正等正觉者的赞叹,[阿阇梨]说了「[他]心因悲而清凉,以慧灯破除了痴暗」。此中,「散除(kirati)」故为「悲(karuṇā)」,义即驱散、除去他人之苦。或者,「伤害(kiṇāti)」故为「悲」,义即他人有苦时,[它]损伤、恼害有悲者。或者,他人有苦时,[它]使诸善人震动、令心忧戚,故为「悲」。或者,「kam」即乐,[它]遮止那[乐],故为「悲」——因为它以欲除他人之苦为相,由不顾自乐而遮止、障碍有悲者的乐,此是其义。因悲而清凉,[故为]「因悲而清凉」;他的心因悲而清凉,故为「心因悲而清凉者」;[礼敬]那位「心因悲而清凉」者。

此中,虽然慈与喜也因其以为他人带来利益、不欲其乐等衰减为自性,又因是瞋恨与不乐的正对治,[从而]以断除众生相续中之热恼的行相而转起,故也可得「令心清凉之因」[这一性质];然而悲——它以除苦的行相而转起,以不堪他人之受苦为味,[即]是不害——特别地如心轻安一般,是世尊之心清凉之性的因相;[故]说了「[他]心因悲而清凉」。或者应知:以悲为门,慈与喜的「令心清凉之因」性也[一并]被说到了。或者,那作为不共殊胜智之所系的、且如一切知智(sabbaññutaññāṇa)一般以遍布自境而极为殊胜、又无有余剩地趣得大悲之性的悲,才是世尊心清凉之性的殊胜之因;[故阿阇梨]说「[他]心因悲而清凉」。或者,纵然慈与喜也系属于殊胜的心清凉之性,然而由于[悲]是一切佛德殊胜之因,也是那[慈喜二者]之因,故唯悲被说为世尊的「令心清凉之因」。因为一切佛德皆以悲为因缘。因为世尊由悲的威力而令轮回之苦的热恼息灭;他由欲除他人之苦,纵经多阿僧祇(asaṅkhyeyya)劫也毫无疲厌之相,乐于无余地积集诸佛所作之法,并已证得法增上性;故纵然那些由众生与诸行所带来的、能令心热恼的因相就在近前,他心清凉之性也不曾有丝毫的变异。而于这一义之分别中,应知世尊在三种阶位中的悲都已被摄取。

「了知(pajānāti)」故为「慧(paññā)」,义即依诸行相如实通达。慧本身由断除所知障、以依诸行相照明诸法自性之义[而]为「灯(pajjota)」,[故为]「慧灯(paññāpajjota)」。由连同习气(vāsanā)而断,[故]特别地被击破、被根除,[即]「被破除」;由慧灯而被破除,[故为]「为慧灯所破除」。由它而[人]痴迷,或者它自己痴迷,或者它唯是痴迷[之状],故为「痴(moha)」,[即]无明;又正是它,由于覆蔽境之自性、与黑暗相似,故如暗一般,[故]为「痴暗(mohatamo)」;他的痴暗为慧灯所破除,故为「痴暗为慧灯所破除者」;[礼敬]那位「以慧灯破除了痴暗」者。因为虽然一切漏尽者的无明之暗都已为慧灯所破除,然而正如见至者(diṭṭhippatta)之于信解者(saddhādhimutta),正等正觉者之断烦恼由于是连同习气而断,比诸弟子与诸独觉佛[之断]有殊胜之处;故[阿阇梨]为以殊胜的断无明赞叹世尊而说「以慧灯破除了痴暗」。

或者,由于不藉他人之教导而于自己的相续中令无明之暗毕竟离去,又由于于其中已证得一切知性与于诸力的自在之性,并且由于以殊胜说法之威力而于他人的相续中正正当当地令那[离暗]转起,[故]唯世尊应特别以痴暗之离去而受赞叹——[故阿阇梨]说「以慧灯破除了痴暗」。而于这一义之分别中,应知以「慧灯」一句,世尊的通达慧与说法慧一样,都依总说、或依「余一(ekasesa)」之法而被摄取。

或者,由于世尊之智以所知为边际,[故]以那能觉了一切所知法自性的、称为无障碍智(anāvaraṇañāṇa)的慧灯,覆蔽一切所知法自性的痴暗已被摧破;[阿阇梨]以「世尊的痴暗之坏灭是不共他者的」[这一意思]而说了「以慧灯破除了痴暗」。而此中应知:由于无障碍智是在痴暗被摧破之后所证得的,[故]依因之假说,[它]是自相续中的痴暗摧破。因为由发愿(abhinīhāra)的成就,诸烦恼的「连同习气而断」本身即是所知障的断除;而于他人的相续中,由于[它]是痴暗摧破之因,[故]无障碍智[也]被说为「痴暗的摧破」。

[设难:]那么是什么缘故,唯取无明的根除这一项作为依断之成就而赞叹世尊的因相,而不[取]那殊胜的、无有余剩的断烦恼呢?——[通释:]因为以说那[无明]之断,由于[诸烦恼]与它同一依处,一切杂染之聚的根除便已被说到了。因为并没有那样一种烦恼,是不因无余地断无明而被断的。

或者,正如明是一切善法生起[的主因],无明也是一切不善法生起与轮回转起的主因;故以说它的破除,一切杂染之聚的根除便已被说到了——[故]说「以慧灯破除了痴暗」。

诸人与诸不死者[合称]「人与天(narāmara)」;「与人天俱」故为「含人天(sanarāmara)」;「含人天」而又是世间,故为「含人与天之世间」;是那[世间]的尊重者,故为「含人与天之世间的尊重者」;[礼敬]那位「含人与天之世间的尊重者」。以此显示:正如对诸天与诸人,世尊对其余众生也随其所应带来殊胜功德,[故]有施恩之性。而此处不应诘责主与非主之性。因为声的次第是一回事,义的次第是另一回事。因为在这样的复合词中,主者也如非主者那样被举示,如「含王之众(sarājikāya parisāya)」(《律藏·小品》336)。此处世间固然依众生、诸行、器[世间]而有三种;然而由于所意指的是尊重之性,[而]唯能作尊重者才相应,[故]应依众生世间取义——因为诸福与诸恶及其异熟于其中被见,[故]它被称为「世间」。而此处以取「不死者」,所意指的是生天(upapattideva)[诸天]。

或者,「世间」一语是聚义,[因为]依总集而被见、被了知。「与诸人俱」故为「含人(sanara)」;「含人」而又是诸不死者,故为「含人之诸天」;是他们的世间,故为「含人与天之世间」——应依前法而作配合。而此处以「不死者」一语,清净天(visuddhideva)也被摄取——因为他们也由无有死,依胜义(paramattha)为「不死者」。而唯取人与天,是依最胜之举示,如「天人师(satthā devamanussānaṃ)」(《长部》1.157)。正因如此:世尊以那先行遣除一切无利益的、专致于无余地施设利益与安乐的、无上的加行成就,又由于对含天与人的众生有毕竟的施恩之性,并具有威力与功德不可限量、无可比拟的殊胜,[故他]是一切众生中的最上者,是无量世界中无量众生的最上恭敬之处。因此说「含人与天之世间的尊重者」。

他的行、[即]行走是善美的,故为「善逝(sugata)」。因为世尊趣近所应调教之人,由必定成办彼等的利益与安乐,[故]是善美的;同样,由于色身为[三十二]相与[八十]随好所庄严,[其]身之行离于急速、迟缓、踬跌、拖曳、按压、蹲踞、迂曲、杂乱等过失,不可讥笑,如王鹅、如牛王、如大象、如兽王[之行];而[其]智之行则具有广大无垢的悲、念、精进等殊胜功德,从发愿直至大菩提皆无可责难——[故]正是善美的。或者,以自生智(sayambhūñāṇa)依遍知现观而遍知整个世间,[如是]以智正行、[即]正觉了,故为「善逝」;同样,依断现观而断世间之集、令[它]成为不再生起之法,[如是]正行、[即]已越过,故为「善逝」;依作证现观[而行于]世间之灭、[即]涅槃,[如是]正行、[即]已证得,故为「善逝」;依修习现观[而行于]趣向世间之灭的行道,[如是]正行、[即]已行道,故为「善逝」。此义应依「凡以须陀洹道所断的诸烦恼,他不再回到、不再返回、不再复来于那些烦恼,故为『善逝』」等(《小义释》〈弥得古青年所问释〉27)之法而阐明。或者,已行、[即]已证得善美之处、[即]正等正觉,或[即]涅槃,故为「善逝」。或者,由于[他]所说的法是真实的、如实的、有义利的,并且对所应调教者随其所应而合于时的,所以「正说(sammā gadati)」,故为「善逝」——是把 da 音作成 ta 音[而成]。如是,由善美之行等[义]而为「善逝」;[礼敬]那位「善逝」。

由诸福业与恶业依受生而应趣往,[故为]「诸趣(gatiyo)」,[即]生有的差别;而它们依地狱等而有五种。由于以证得圣道使一切趣有之业成为不应有异熟,[从而]已从那些[趣]退转,[故]世尊善解脱于五趣、已离系;[故阿阇梨]说「已解脱诸趣的」。以此显示世尊不摄属于任何一趣,由此世尊被称为「天中天(devātideva)」。正因如此说——

「由于它[我]将生为天,或[生为]空行的乾闼婆;

由于它[我]将趣往夜叉之性,或来至人之性——

我的那些漏已尽,已摧毁、已除根。」(《增支部》4.36)

因为那些能转成彼彼趣的业与烦恼,正在菩提树下已以最上道善断,[故]世尊无有摄属于趣之性;[即]世尊毕竟善解脱于一切有、生、趣、识住、众生居、众生类;[礼敬]那位「已解脱诸趣的」。「[我]礼敬(vande)」者:义即我敬礼,或我赞叹。

或者,「已解脱诸趣的」是以无余依涅槃界之证得赞叹世尊。因为此中应知世尊的赞叹有二种行相:依自利之成就与依利他之行道。其中,自利之成就应依证得无障碍智、毕竟断除一切连同习气的烦恼、及证得无余依涅槃而知;利他之行道[则应依]:以不顾利养、恭敬等之心而说出离一切苦之法,纵对相违者也常有利益之意乐,又[待所化者]智成熟之时而来[教化]。而此中,利他之行道依意乐与加行有二种,自利之成就有三种,[如是]被显示出来。如何[显示]呢?——以「[他]心因悲而清凉」[显示]依意乐的利他之行道;以「正说」义的「善逝」一语[显示]依加行的利他之行道;以「以慧灯破除了痴暗」「已解脱诸趣的」这[二句]与「通达四谛」义的「善逝」一语[显示]三种自利之成就;又以其余的[「善逝」之义]及「以慧灯破除了痴暗」这[一句],自利之成就与利他之行道也被显示了。

或者,应知世尊的赞叹有三种行相——依因、依果、依施恩。此中,因是大悲,它以第一句显示。果有四种:智成就、断成就、威力成就、色身成就。其中,智成就与断成就以第二句及「通达[四]谛」义的「善逝」一语显示;威力成就以第三句;色身成就以前面所说「身之行善美」义的「善逝」一语[显示]——因为若无[三十二]相与[八十]随好的圆满,便无那[身行之善美]。施恩,[即]不作隔别、不作外人,以三乘之门[而作]的解脱法之教说;应知它以「正说」义的「善逝」一语显示。

此中,以「[他]心因悲而清凉」显示正等正觉之根本。因为世尊意为大悲所激发,为把众生从轮回的泥沼中救出而作了发愿,次第圆满诸波罗蜜(pāramī),[而后]证得无上正等正觉;故悲是正等正觉之根本。以「以慧灯破除了痴暗」显示正等正觉。因为以无障碍智为足处的道智,与以道智为足处的无障碍智,[二者]被称为「正等正觉」。以「正行」义的「善逝」一语显示正等正觉之行道——因为「善逝」一语显示的是那离于退缩与掉举、住立与勤勇、欲乐耽溺与自苦行、常见与断见之执取等二边的、为悲与慧所摄持的中道。以其余[诸句]显示正等正觉的主与非主之别的目的。因为此中把众生从轮回的大暴流中度脱是主要目的,其余的是非主要的。其中以主要[目的]显示利他之行道,以另一[目的显示]自利之成就;以那二者显示:于「为自利而行道者」等四种人中,世尊是第四种人。又以此显示[世尊]是无上应施者之性、最上应礼敬者之性,以及他对自己的礼敬之业而言是田之所归。

而此中,以取「悲」,由于阐明诸世间[法]中已达广大之性的不共功德,[故]世尊的一切世间功德之成就被显示;以取「慧」,由于阐明以一切知智为足处的道智,[故显示]一切出世间功德之成就——因为由取那二者所成之义,以「含人与天之世间的尊重者」等语而得开演。又以取「悲」显示无有随杂染的趣近,以取「慧」[显示]远离。同样,以取「悲」显示世尊随顺世间通称的转起——因为悲以世间言说为境;以取「慧」[显示]不超越通称——因为由不觉了诸法的自性,才有超越通称而执取众生等[之事]。同样,以取「悲」显示大悲定之住,以取「慧」[显示]于三时无有障碍之智、四谛智、四无碍解智、四无畏智。由于以取「悲」已取了大悲定智,[故以取「慧」]依其余诸不共智、六神通、于八众中的不动智、十力、十四佛智、十六智行、十八佛法、四十四智事、七十七智事等等众多慧之差别,显示智之行。同样,以取「悲」[显示]行成就,以取「慧」[显示]明成就。以取「悲」[显示]我增上性,以取「慧」[显示]法增上性。以取「悲」[显示]世间依怙之性,以取「慧」[显示]自依怙之性。同样,以取「悲」[显示]先施恩之性,以取「慧」[显示]知恩。同样,以取「悲」[显示]不苦他之性,以取「慧」[显示]不自苦之性。或者以取「悲」[显示]诸佛所作之法的成就,以取「慧」[显示]佛的境界之成就。同样,以取「悲」[显示]度脱他人,以取「慧」[显示]自度。同样,以取「悲」[显示]于一切众生有摄益之心,以取「慧」[显示]于一切法有离贪之心。

而于一切佛德,悲是初——由于[它们]以它为因缘;慧是终——由于在它之上无有应作。如是,由显示初与终,一切佛德便都被显示了。同样,以取「悲」,[则]以戒蕴为先行的定蕴被显示。因为戒以悲为因缘——由从它而有离杀生等之转起;而它[悲]又与三禅相应。以「慧」一语[显示]慧蕴。又戒是一切佛德之初,定在中,慧是终;如是,初、中、后皆善美的一切佛德也都被显示了——因为[它们]是依法门而被显示的。因为唯此——即取法门——才是无余显示佛德的方便;否则,有谁能够逐句无余地显示世尊的诸功德呢?正因如此说——

「纵然佛陀说佛陀的称赞,

纵然不说其他而[说]一劫;

劫或在长久之间灭尽,

如来的称赞[却]不会灭尽。」(《长部义注》1.304;3.141;《中部义注》2.425;《自说义注》53;《佛种姓义注》4.4;《譬喻义注》2.7〈令他净信长老譬喻释义〉)

正因如此,具寿舍利弗(Sāriputta)长老被就佛德之限定而追问时,也先以「尊者,这不然」而否定,[然后]说「然而,尊者,我了知法的类推(dhammanvaya)」。

1. Saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayaṃ namassitukāmo tassa visiṭṭhaguṇayogasandassanatthaṃ ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’ntiādimāha. Visiṭṭhaguṇayogena hi vandanārahabhāvo, vandanārahe ca katā vandanā yathādhippetamatthaṃ sādheti. Ettha ca saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayappaṇāmakaraṇappayojanaṃ tattha tattha bahudhā papañcenti ācariyā, mayaṃ pana idhādhippetameva payojanaṃ dassayissāma, tasmā saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayappaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabbaṃ. Idameva hi payojanaṃ ācariyena idhādhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati –
‘‘Iti me pasannamatino, ratanattayavandanāmayaṃ puññaṃ;
Yaṃ suvihatantarāyo, hutvā tassānubhāvenā’’ti.
Ratanattayappaṇāmakaraṇena cettha yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ ratanattayapūjāya paññāpāṭavato, tāya paññāpāṭavañca rāgādimalavidhamanato. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hotī’’tiādi (a. ni. 6.10; 11.11).
Tasmā ratanattayapūjanena vikkhālitamalāya paññāya pāṭavasiddhi.
Atha vā ratanattayapūjanassa paññāpadaṭṭhānasamādhihetuttā paññāpāṭavaṃ. Vuttañhi tassa samādhihetuttaṃ –
‘‘Ujugatacitto kho pana, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vediyati, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyatī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10; 11.11).
Samādhissa ca paññāya padaṭṭhānabhāvo vuttoyeva – ‘‘samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.5; 4.99; 5.1071). Tato evaṃ paṭubhūtāya paññāya paṭiññāmahattakataṃ khedamabhibhuyya anantarāyena saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samāpayissati.
Atha vā ratanattayapūjāya āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavaḍḍhanato anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Ratanattayappaṇāmena hi āyuvaṇṇasukhabalāni vaḍḍhanti. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Abhivādanasīlissa, niccaṃ vuḍḍhāpacāyino;
Cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhanti, āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṃ bala’’nti. (dha. pa. 109) –
Tato āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavuddhiyā hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānaṃ.
Atha vā ratanattayagāravassa paṭibhānāparihānāvahattā. Aparihānāvahañhi tīsupi ratanesu gāravaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Sattime, bhikkhave, aparihānīyā dhammā. Katame satta? Satthugāravatā, dhammagāravatā, saṅghagāravatā, sikkhāgāravatā, samādhigāravatā, sovacassatā, kalyāṇamittatā’’ti (a. ni. 7.34).
Hoteva ca tato paṭibhānāparihānena yathāpaṭiññātaparisamāpanaṃ.
Atha vā pasādavatthūsu pūjāya puññātisayabhāvato. Vuttañhi tassā puññātisayattaṃ –
‘‘Pūjārahe pūjayato, buddhe yadi va sāvake;
Papañcasamatikkante, tiṇṇasokapariddave.
Te tādise pūjayato, nibbute akutobhaye;
Na sakkā puññaṃ saṅkhātuṃ, imettamapi kenacī’’ti. (dha. pa. 195-196; apa. thera 1.10.1-2);
Puññātisayo ca yathādhippetaparisamāpanūpāyo. Yathāha –
‘‘Esa devamanussānaṃ, sabbakāmadado nidhi;
Yaṃ yadevābhipatthenti, sabbametena labbhatī’’ti. (khu. pā. 8.10);
Upāyesu ca paṭipannassa hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānaṃ. Ratanattayapūjā hi niratisayapuññakkhettasambuddhiyā aparimeyyappabhāvo puññātisayoti bahuvidhantarāyepi lokasannivāse antarāyanibandhanasakalasaṃkilesaviddhaṃsanāya pahoti, bhayādiupaddavañca nivāreti. Tasmā vuttaṃ – ‘‘saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayappaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanattha’’nti.
Evañca sappayojanaṃ ratanattayavandanaṃ kattukāmo paṭhamaṃ tāva bhagavato vandanaṃ kātuṃ tammūlakattā sesaratanānaṃ ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ…pe… gativimutta’’nti āha. Tattha yassā desanāya saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo, sā na vinayadesanā viya karuṇāpadhānā, nāpi abhidhammadesanā viya paññāpadhānā, atha kho karuṇāpaññāpadhānāti tadubhayappadhānameva tāva sammāsambuddhassa thomanaṃ kātuṃ ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ, paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti vuttaṃ. Tattha kiratīti karuṇā, paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati apanetīti attho. Atha vā kiṇātīti karuṇā, paradukkhe sati kāruṇikaṃ hiṃsati vibādhatīti attho. Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ kampanaṃ hadayakhedaṃ karotīti vā karuṇā. Atha vā kamiti sukhaṃ, taṃ rundhatīti karuṇā. Esā hi paradukkhāpanayanakāmatālakkhaṇā attasukhanirapekkhatāya kāruṇikānaṃ sukhaṃ rundhati vibandhatīti attho. Karuṇāya sītalaṃ karuṇāsītalaṃ, karuṇāsītalaṃ hadayaṃ assāti karuṇāsītalahadayo, taṃ karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ.
Tattha kiñcāpi paresaṃ hitopasaṃhārasukhādiaparihānicchanasabhāvatāya, byāpādāratīnaṃ ujuvipaccanīkatāya ca sattasantānagatasantāpavicchedanākārappavattiyā mettāmuditānampi cittasītalabhāvakāraṇatā upalabbhati, tathāpi dukkhāpanayanākārappavattiyā parūpatāpāsahanarasā avihiṃsabhūtā karuṇā visesena bhagavato cittassa cittappassaddhi viya sītibhāvanimittanti vuttaṃ – ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti. Karuṇāmukhena vā mettāmuditānampi hadayasītalabhāvakāraṇatā vuttāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā asādhāraṇañāṇavisesanibandhanabhūtā sātisayaṃ niravasesañca sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ viya savisayabyāpitāya mahākaruṇābhāvaṃ upagatā karuṇāva bhagavato atisayena hadayasītalabhāvahetūti āha – ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti. Atha vā satipi mettāmuditānaṃ sātisaye hadayasītibhāvanibandhanatte sakalabuddhaguṇavisesakāraṇatāya tāsampi kāraṇanti karuṇāva bhagavato ‘‘hadayasītalabhāvakāraṇa’’nti vuttā. Karuṇānidānā hi sabbepi buddhaguṇā. Karuṇānubhāvanibbāpiyamānasaṃsāradukkhasantāpassa hi bhagavato paradukkhāpanayanakāmatāya anekānipi asaṅkhyeyyāni kappānaṃ akilantarūpasseva niravasesabuddhakaradhammasambharaṇaniratassa samadhigatadhammādhipateyyassa ca sannihitesupi sattasaṅkhārasamupanītahadayūpatāpanimittesu na īsakampi cittasītibhāvassa aññathattamahosīti. Etasmiñca atthavikappe tīsupi avatthāsu bhagavato karuṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Pajānātīti paññā, yathāsabhāvaṃ pakārehi paṭivijjhatīti attho. Paññāva ñeyyāvaraṇappahānato pakārehi dhammasabhāvāvajotanaṭṭhena pajjototi paññāpajjoto. Savāsanappahānato visesena hataṃ samugghātitaṃ vihataṃ. Paññāpajjotena vihataṃ paññāpajjotavihataṃ, muyhanti tena, sayaṃ vā muyhati, mohanamattameva vā tanti moho, avijjā. Sveva visayasabhāvappaṭicchādanato andhakārasarikkhatāya tamo viyāti mohatamo, paññāpajjotavihato mohatamo etassāti paññāpajjotavihatamohatamo, taṃ paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ. Sabbesampi hi khīṇāsavānaṃ satipi paññāpajjotena avijjandhakārassa vihatabhāve saddhādhimuttehi viya diṭṭhippattānaṃ sāvakehi paccekasambuddhehi ca savāsanappahānena sammāsambuddhānaṃ kilesappahānassa viseso vijjatīti sātisayena avijjāpahānena bhagavantaṃ thomento āha – ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti.
Atha vā antarena paropadesaṃ attano santāne accantaṃ avijjandhakāravigamassa nibbattitattā, tattha ca sabbaññutāya balesu ca vasībhāvassa samadhigatattā, parasantatiyañca dhammadesanātisayānubhāvena sammadeva tassa pavattitattā bhagavāva visesato mohatamavigamena thometabboti āha – ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti. Imasmiñca atthavikappe ‘‘paññāpajjoto’’ti padena bhagavato paṭivedhapaññā viya desanāpaññāpi sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesanayena vā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Atha vā bhagavato ñāṇassa ñeyyapariyantikattā sakalañeyyadhammasabhāvāvabodhanasamatthena anāvaraṇañāṇasaṅkhātena paññāpajjotena sabbañeyyadhammasabhāvacchādakassa mohandhakārassa vidhamitattā anaññasādhāraṇo bhagavato mohatamavināsoti katvā vuttaṃ – ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti. Ettha ca mohatamavidhamanante adhigatattā anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ kāraṇopacārena sasantānamohatamavidhamanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Abhinīhārasampattiyā savāsanappahānameva hi kilesānaṃ ñeyyāvaraṇappahānanti, parasantāne pana mohatamavidhamanassa kāraṇabhāvato anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ ‘‘mohatamavidhamana’’nti vuccatīti.
Kiṃ pana kāraṇaṃ avijjāsamugghātoyeveko pahānasampattivasena bhagavato thomanānimittaṃ gayhati, na pana sātisayaniravasesakilesappahānanti? Tappahānavacaneneva tadekaṭṭhatāya sakalasaṃkilesagaṇasamugghātassa vuttattā. Na hi so tādiso kileso atthi, yo niravasesaavijjāpahānena na pahīyatīti.
Atha vā vijjā viya sakalakusaladhammasamuppattiyā, niravasesākusaladhammanibbattiyā saṃsārappavattiyā ca avijjā padhānakāraṇanti tabbighātavacanena sakalasaṃkilesagaṇasamugghāto vutto eva hotīti vuttaṃ – ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti.
Narā ca amarā ca narāmarā, saha narāmarehīti sanarāmaro, sanarāmaro ca so loko cāti sanarāmaraloko, tassa garūti sanarāmaralokagaru, taṃ sanarāmaralokagaruṃ. Etena devamanussānaṃ viya tadavasiṭṭhasattānampi yathārahaṃ guṇavisesāvahatāya bhagavato upakārataṃ dasseti. Na cettha padhānappadhānabhāvo codetabbo. Añño hi saddakkamo, añño atthakkamo. Īdisesu hi samāsapadesu padhānampi appadhānaṃ viya niddisīyati yathā ‘‘sarājikāya parisāyā’’ti (cūḷava. 336). Kāmañcettha sattasaṅkhārabhājanavasena tividho loko, garubhāvassa pana adhippetattā garukaraṇasamatthasseva yujjanato sattalokassa vasena attho gahetabbo. So hi lokīyanti ettha puññapāpāni tabbipāko cāti ‘‘loko’’ti vuccati. Amaraggahaṇena cettha upapattidevā adhippetā.
Atha vā samūhattho lokasaddo samudāyavasena lokīyati paññāpīyatīti. Saha narehīti sanarā, sanarā ca te amarā cāti sanarāmarā, tesaṃ lokoti sanarāmaralokoti purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ. Amarasaddena cettha visuddhidevāpi saṅgayhanti. Tepi hi maraṇābhāvato paramatthato amarā. Narāmarānaṃyeva ca gahaṇaṃ ukkaṭṭhaniddesavasena yathā ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’nti (dī. ni. 1.157). Tathā hi sabbānatthapariharaṇapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantūpakāritāya aparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgitāya ca sabbasattuttamo bhagavā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ uttamagāravaṭṭhānaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’nti.
Sobhanaṃ gataṃ gamanaṃ etassāti sugato. Bhagavato hi veneyyajanūpasaṅkamanaṃ ekantena tesaṃ hitasukhanipphādanato sobhanaṃ, tathā lakkhaṇānubyañjanappaṭimaṇḍitarūpakāyatāya dutavilambitakhalitānukaḍḍhananippīḷanukkuṭikakuṭilākuṭilatādi- dosarahitamavahasitarājahaṃsavasabhavāraṇamigarājagamanaṃ kāyagamanaṃ ñāṇagamanañca vipulanimmalakaruṇāsativīriyādiguṇavisesasahitamabhinīhārato yāva mahābodhi anavajjatāya sobhanamevāti. Atha vā sayambhuñāṇena sakalampi lokaṃ pariññābhisamayavasena parijānanto ñāṇena sammā gato avagatoti sugato, tathā lokasamudayaṃ pahānābhisamayavasena pajahanto anuppattidhammataṃ āpādento sammā gato atītoti sugato, lokanirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena sammā gato adhigatoti sugato, lokanirodhagāminipaṭipadaṃ bhāvanābhisamayavasena sammā gato paṭipannoti sugato. ‘‘Sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti sugato’’tiādinā (cūḷani. mettagūmāṇavapucchāniddeso 27) nayena ayamattho vibhāvetabbo. Atha vā sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ sammāsambodhiṃ, nibbānameva vā gato adhigatoti sugato, yasmā vā bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ veneyyānaṃ yathārahaṃ kālayuttameva ca dhammaṃ bhāsati, tasmā sammā gadatīti sugato, da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā. Iti sobhanagamanatādīhi sugato, taṃ sugataṃ.
Puññapāpakammehi upapajjanavasena gantabbato gatiyo, upapattibhavavisesā. Tā pana nirayādivasena pañcavidhā. Tāhi sakalassapi bhavagāmikammassa ariyamaggādhigamena avipākārahabhāvakaraṇena nivattitattā bhagavā pañcahipi gatīhi suṭṭhu mutto visaṃyuttoti āha – ‘‘gativimutta’’nti. Etena bhagavato katthacipi gatiyā apariyāpannataṃ dasseti, yato bhagavā ‘‘devātidevo’’ti vuccati. Tenevāha –
‘‘Yena devūpapatyassa, gandhabbo vā vihaṅgamo;
Yakkhattaṃ yena gaccheyyaṃ, manussattañca abbaje;
Te mayhaṃ āsavā khīṇā, viddhastā vinaḷīkatā’’ti. (a. ni. 4.36);
Taṃtaṃgatisaṃvattanikānañhi kammakilesānaṃ aggamaggena bodhimūleyeva suppahīnattā natthi bhagavato gatipariyāpannatāti accantameva bhagavā sabbabhavayonigativiññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsasattanikāyehi suparimutto, taṃ gativimuttaṃ. Vandeti namāmi, thomemīti vā attho.
Atha vā gativimuttanti anupādisesanibbānadhātuppattiyā bhagavantaṃ thometi. Ettha hi dvīhi ākārehi bhagavato thomanā veditabbā attahitasampattito parahitappaṭipattito ca. Tesu attahitasampatti anāvaraṇañāṇādhigamato savāsanānaṃ sabbesaṃ kilesānaṃ accantappahānato anupādisesanibbānappattito ca veditabbā, parahitappaṭipatti lābhasakkārādinirapekkhacittassa sabbadukkhaniyyānikadhammadesanato viruddhesupi niccaṃ hitajjhāsayato ñāṇaparipākakālāgamanato ca. Sā panettha āsayato payogato ca duvidhā, parahitappaṭipatti tividhā ca, attahitasampatti pakāsitā hoti. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti etena āsayato parahitappaṭipatti, sammāgadanatthena sugatasaddena payogato parahitappaṭipatti, ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ gativimutta’’nti etehi catusaccasampaṭivedhanatthena ca sugatasaddena tividhāpi attahitasampatti, avasiṭṭhena ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti etena cāpi attahitasampatti parahitappaṭipatti pakāsitā hotīti.
Atha vā tīhi ākārehi bhagavato thomanā veditabbā hetuto, phalato, upakārato ca. Tattha hetu mahākaruṇā, sā paṭhamapadena dassitā. Phalaṃ catubbidhaṃ ñāṇasampadā, pahānasampadā, ānubhāvasampadā, rūpakāyasampadā cāti. Tāsu ñāṇappahānasampadā dutiyapadena saccappaṭivedhanatthena ca sugatasaddena pakāsitā honti, ānubhāvasampadā tatiyapadena, rūpakāyasampadā yathāvuttakāyagamanasobhanatthena sugatasaddena lakkhaṇānubyañjanapāripūriyā vinā tadabhāvato. Upakāro anantaraṃ abāhiraṃ karitvā tividhayānamukhena vimuttidhammadesanā. So sammāgadanatthena sugatasaddena pakāsito hotīti veditabbaṃ.
Tattha ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti etena sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ dasseti. Mahākaruṇāsañcoditamānaso hi bhagavā saṃsārapaṅkato sattānaṃ samuddharaṇatthaṃ katābhinīhāro anupubbena pāramiyo pūretvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ adhigatoti karuṇā sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ. ‘‘Paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti etena sammāsambodhiṃ dasseti. Anāvaraṇañāṇapadaṭṭhānañhi maggañāṇaṃ, maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ ‘‘sammāsambodhī’’ti vuccatīti. Sammāgamanatthena sugatasaddena sammāsambodhiyā paṭipattiṃ dasseti līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhallikattakilamathānuyogasassatucchedābhinivesādiantadvayarahitāya karuṇāpaññāpariggahitāya majjhimāya paṭipattiyā pakāsanato sugatasaddassa. Itarehi sammāsambodhiyā padhānappadhānabhedaṃ payojanaṃ dasseti. Saṃsāramahoghato sattasantāraṇañhettha padhānaṃ payojanaṃ, tadaññamappadhānaṃ. Tesu padhānena parahitappaṭipattiṃ dasseti, itarena attahitasampattiṃ. Tadubhayena attahitāya paṭipannādīsu catūsu puggalesu bhagavato catutthapuggalabhāvaṃ dasseti. Tena ca anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ uttamavandaneyyabhāvaṃ attano ca vandanakiriyāya khettaṅgatabhāvaṃ dasseti.
Ettha ca karuṇāgahaṇena lokiyesu mahaggatabhāvappattāsādhāraṇaguṇadīpanato bhagavato sabbalokiyaguṇasampatti dassitā hoti, paññāgahaṇena sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānamaggañāṇadīpanato sabbalokuttaraguṇasampatti. Tadubhayaggahaṇasiddho hi attho ‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’ntiādinā papañcīyatīti. Karuṇāgahaṇena ca upagamanaṃ nirupakkilesaṃ dasseti, paññāgahaṇena apagamanaṃ. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena lokasamaññānurūpaṃ bhagavato pavattiṃ dasseti lokavohāravisayattā karuṇāya, paññāgahaṇena samaññāya anatidhāvanaṃ. Sabhāvānavabodhena hi dhammānaṃ samaññaṃ atidhāvitvā sattādiparāmasanaṃ hotīti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattivihāraṃ dasseti, paññāgahaṇena tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇaṃ catusaccañāṇaṃ, catupaṭisambhidāñāṇaṃ, catuvesārajjañāṇaṃ. Karuṇāgahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇassa gahitattā sesāsādhāraṇañāṇāni, cha abhiññā, aṭṭhasu parisāsu akampanañāṇāni, dasa balāni, cuddasa buddhañāṇāni, soḷasa ñāṇacariyā, aṭṭhārasa buddhadhammā, catucattālīsa ñāṇavatthūni, sattasattati ñāṇavatthūnīti evamādīnaṃ anekesaṃ paññāpabhedānaṃ vasena ñāṇacāraṃ dasseti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena caraṇasampattiṃ, paññāgahaṇena vijjāsampattiṃ. Karuṇāgahaṇena attādhipatitā, paññāgahaṇena dhammādhipatitā. Karuṇāgahaṇena lokanāthabhāvo, paññāgahaṇena attanāthabhāvo. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena pubbakāribhāvo, paññāgahaṇena kataññutā. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena aparantapatā, paññāgahaṇena anattantapatā. Karuṇāgahaṇena vā buddhakaradhammasiddhi, paññāgahaṇena buddhabhāvasiddhi. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena paresaṃ tāraṇaṃ, paññāgahaṇena sayaṃtaraṇaṃ. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena sabbasattesu anuggahacittatā, paññāgahaṇena sabbadhammesu virattacittatā dassitā hoti.
Sabbesañca buddhaguṇānaṃ karuṇā ādi tannidānabhāvato, paññā pariyosānaṃ tato uttarikaraṇīyābhāvato. Iti ādipariyosānadassanena sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena sīlakkhandhapubbaṅgamo samādhikkhandho dassito hoti. Karuṇānidānañhi sīlaṃ tato pāṇātipātādiviratippavattito, sā ca jhānattayasampayoginīti. Paññāvacanena paññākkhandho. Sīlañca sabbesaṃ buddhaguṇānaṃ ādi, samādhi majjhe, paññā pariyosānanti evampi ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇā sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti nayato dassitattā. Eso eva hi niravasesato buddhaguṇānaṃ dassanupāyo, yadidaṃ nayaggahaṇaṃ, aññathā ko nāma samattho bhagavato guṇe anupadaṃ niravasesato dassetuṃ? Tenevāha –
‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,
Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;
Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,
Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.425; udā. aṭṭha. 53; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 4.4; apa. aṭṭha. 2.7.parappasādakattheraapadānavaṇṇanā);
Teneva ca āyasmatā sāriputtattherenapi buddhaguṇaparicchedanaṃ pati anuyuttena ‘‘no hetaṃ, bhante’’ti paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘apica me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito’’ti vuttaṃ.
2缅 1.13已对照

二、如是以一切知者的全部功德略赞世尊之后,如今为赞叹正法而说了「佛陀也是」等语。此中,「佛陀」是作者之举示;「佛的境界」是业之举示;「修习了」「现证了」是前时动作之举示;「凡」是不限定的业之举示;「趣得」是后时动作之举示;「[我]礼敬」是动作之举示;「那」是限定;「法」是礼敬之业的举示;而「离垢的」「无上的」是它的限定语。

此中,「佛陀」一语之义应先依「觉了诸谛故为佛陀,令众生觉悟故为佛陀」等《义释》之法(《大义释》192;《小义释》〈彼岸道赞叹偈释〉97;《无碍解道》1.162)而知。或者,由于连同习气的无智之睡眠毕竟离去,或由于觉慧已开敷,[故]「已觉(buddhavā)」故为「佛陀」——是依醒觉与开敷之义[而言]。或者,由于没有任何未被觉了的所知法,[故]不以业之性取某一特定的所知;由于没有说业[语]的意欲,唯依觉了之义而得作者之举示,[故]「已觉」故为「佛陀」——如「受灌顶者不施」[之例]。而依义,「佛陀」[即]那为诸波罗蜜所熏修的、以自生智连同习气破除摧毁了无余烦恼的、作为大悲与一切知智等不可计量功德之聚的所依的蕴相续。如所说——

「『佛陀』者:那位世尊是自生者(sayambhū)、无阿阇梨者,于先前未曾听闻的诸法中自己现观了诸谛,并于其中证得一切知性与于诸力的自在之性。」(《大义释》192;《小义释》〈彼岸道赞颂偈解说〉97;《无碍解道》1.161)

「也(api)」一语是于推重;以它阐明对所将说的诸功德法的推重——[意谓]「连那位具足如是殊胜功德的世尊也[尚须如此]」。「佛的境界」者:即正等正觉。「修习了」者:即令生起、并令增长。「现证了」者:即作为现量。「趣得」者:即已达,义即已证得;它与「佛的境界」相关联。「离垢的」者:即垢已离去,义即无过失。「[我]礼敬」者:即我敬礼,或我赞叹。「无上的」者:即无有更上者,义即出世间。「法」者:使如所教导而行道者不堕于恶趣与轮回而执持之,故为「法(dhamma)」。而此中略义如是——如是具足种种功德之聚的佛陀世尊,修习了那称为圣道的法、而现证了果与涅槃,[从而]证得了无上正等正觉;我敬礼如是的那法——[它]连对诸佛也是佛的境界之因,离于一切过失与垢,由于没有比自己更上者而为无上——[即]通达正法。应知此处也摄取了教理正法,因为[它]是那[通达正法]的显示者。

或者,由于义注中说了「[他]证得了阿毗达摩法门之海,触察了三藏」,故教理法也可得「现证」与「触察」的说法;应知它[教理法]于此处也确已被说到。同样,由于说了「修习了、现证了那法」,应知连同那作为诸佛所作之法的诸波罗蜜,前分的增上戒学等也于此处被「法」一语摄取——因为它们也由对立品已离去而「离垢」,由不共他者而「无上」。正因如此:世尊为使众生出离一切轮转之苦而作了大发愿,[其]意乐以大悲之安忍而柔善;以恭敬、无间地修习并现证那些为殊胜之慧所净化而无垢的、布施、调伏、律仪等最上之法——[历时]十万[劫]以上的四阿僧祇劫,无有余剩——[从而]于业等证得自在之性,[其]大威力希奇难思,于增上戒与增上心达到了最极的波罗蜜;[如是]于缘之行相以二十四俱胝十万之门运转大金刚智,现观了无上正等正觉。

而此中,以「修习了」是依明成就赞叹法,以「现证了」是依解脱(vimutti)成就[赞叹]。同样,以第一[语]依禅成就,以第二[语]依解脱(vimokkha)成就。或者以第一[语]依定成就,以第二[语]依等至成就。或者以第一[语]依尽智之性,以第二[语]依无生智之性。或者以第一[语]依如电之性,以第二[语]依如金刚之性。或者以前[语]依离贪成就,以第二[语]依灭成就。同样,以第一[语]依出离(niyyāna)之性,以第二[语]依出脱(nissaraṇa)之性。或者以第一[语]依因之性,以第二[语]依无为之性。或者以第一[语]依见之性,以第二[语]依离之性。或者以第一[语]依增上之性,以第二[语]依不死之性赞叹法。或者,以「修习了那法而趣得佛的境界」是依善说之性赞叹法;以「现证了」[则依]现见之性。同样,以前[语]依无时之性,以后[语]依来见之性。或者以前[语]依引导之性,以后[语]依各自应证知之性赞叹法。以「离垢的」,由阐明无有杂染而显示法的遍净性;以「无上的」,由阐明无有其他更殊胜者而[显示其]广大圆满性。或者以第一[语]显示法的断成就,以第二[语][显示]出处成就。或者,法的「离垢」之性应就其应被修习[而言]来配合——因为由修习之德,它便是诸过失的根除者;「无上」之性应就其应被现证[而言]来配合——因为由现证之生起,在它之上无有应作,[且]不共他者,故为「无上」。同样,以「修习了」,连同前分的戒等,有学的戒、定、慧三蕴被显示;以「现证了」,连同无为界,无学的戒、定、慧三蕴被显示。

2. Evaṃ saṅkhepena sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavitvā idāni saddhammaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘buddhopī’’tiādimāha. Tattha buddhoti kattuniddeso. Buddhabhāvanti kammaniddeso. Bhāvetvā sacchikatvāti ca pubbakālakiriyāniddeso. Yanti aniyamato kammaniddeso. Upagatoti aparakālakiriyāniddeso. Vandeti kiriyāniddeso. Tanti niyamanaṃ. Dhammanti vandanakiriyāya kammaniddeso. Gatamalaṃ anuttaranti ca tabbisesanaṃ.
Tattha buddhasaddassa tāva ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’tiādinā (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddeso 97; paṭi. ma. 1.162) niddesanayena attho veditabbo. Atha vā savāsanāya aññāṇaniddāya accantavigamato, buddhiyā vā vikasitabhāvato buddhavāti buddho jāgaraṇavikasanatthavasena. Atha vā kassacipi ñeyyadhammassa anavabuddhassa abhāvena ñeyyavisesassa kammabhāvena aggahaṇato kammavacanicchāya abhāvena avagamanatthavaseneva kattuniddeso labbhatīti buddhavāti buddho yathā ‘‘dikkhito na dadātī’’ti. Atthato pana pāramitāparibhāvito sayambhuñāṇena saha vāsanāya vihataviddhaṃsitaniravasesakileso mahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādiaparimeyyaguṇagaṇādhāro khandhasantāno buddho. Yathāha –
‘‘Buddhoti yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto balesu ca vasībhāva’’nti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddeso 97; paṭi. ma. 1.161).
Api-saddo sambhāvane. Tena ‘‘evaṃ guṇavisesayutto sopi nāma bhagavā’’ti vakkhamānaguṇadhamme sambhāvanaṃ dīpeti. Buddhabhāvanti sammāsambodhiṃ. Bhāvetvāti uppādetvā vaḍḍhetvā ca. Sacchikatvāti paccakkhaṃ katvā. Upagatoti patto, adhigatoti attho. Etassa buddhabhāvanti etena sambandho. Gatamalanti vigatamalaṃ, niddosanti attho. Vandeti paṇamāmi, thomemi vā. Anuttaranti uttararahitaṃ, lokuttaranti attho. Dhammanti yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne apāyato ca saṃsārato ca apatamāne katvā dhāretīti dhammo. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – evaṃ vividhaguṇagaṇasamannāgato buddhopi bhagavā yaṃ ariyamaggasaṅkhātaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā, phalanibbānaṃ pana sacchikatvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ adhigato, tamevaṃ buddhānampi buddhabhāvahetubhūtaṃ sabbadosamalarahitaṃ attano uttaritarābhāvena anuttaraṃ paṭivedhasaddhammaṃ namāmīti. Pariyattisaddhammassapi tappakāsanattā idha saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo.
Atha vā ‘‘abhidhammanayasamuddaṃ adhigañchi, tīṇi piṭakāni sammasī’’ti ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttattā pariyattidhammassapi sacchikiriyāsammasanapariyāyo labbhatīti sopi idha vutto evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā ‘‘yaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā sacchikatvā’’ti ca vuttattā buddhakaradhammabhūtāhi pāramitāhi saha pubbabhāge adhisīlasikkhādayopi idha dhammasaddena saṅgahitāti veditabbā. Tāpi hi vigatappaṭipakkhatāya gatamalā, anaññasādhāraṇatāya anuttarā cāti. Tathā hi sattānaṃ sakalavaṭṭadukkhanissaraṇāya katamahābhinīhāro mahākaruṇādhivāsanapesalajjhāsayo paññāvisesapariyodātanimmalānaṃ dānadamasaññamādīnaṃ uttamadhammānaṃ satasahassādhikāni kappānaṃ cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ niravasesānaṃ bhāvanāpaccakkhakaraṇehi kammādīsu adhigatavasībhāvo acchariyācinteyyamahānubhāvo adhisīlaadhicittānaṃ paramukkaṃsapāramippatto bhagavā paccayākāre catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassamukhena mahāvajirañāṇaṃ pesetvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti.
Ettha ca ‘‘bhāvetvā’’ti etena vijjāsampadāya dhammaṃ thometi, ‘‘sacchikatvā’’ti etena vimuttisampadāya. Tathā paṭhamena jhānasampadāya, dutiyena vimokkhasampadāya. Paṭhamena vā samādhisampadāya, dutiyena samāpattisampadāya. Atha vā paṭhamena khayañāṇabhāvena, dutiyena anuppādañāṇabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā vijjūpamatāya, dutiyena vajirūpamatāya. Purimena vā virāgasampattiyā, dutiyena nirodhasampattiyā. Tathā paṭhamena niyyānabhāvena, dutiyena nissaraṇabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā hetubhāvena, dutiyena asaṅkhatabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā dassanabhāvena, dutiyena vivekabhāvena. Paṭhamena vā adhipatibhāvena, dutiyena amatabhāvena dhammaṃ thometi. Atha vā ‘‘yaṃ dhammaṃ bhāvetvā buddhabhāvaṃ upagato’’ti etena svākkhātatāya dhammaṃ thometi, ‘‘sacchikatvā’’ti etena sandiṭṭhikatāya. Tathā purimena akālikatāya, pacchimena ehipassikatāya. Purimena vā opaneyyikatāya, pacchimena paccattaṃ veditabbatāya dhammaṃ thometi. ‘‘Gatamala’’nti iminā saṃkilesābhāvadīpanena dhammassa parisuddhataṃ dasseti, ‘‘anuttara’’nti etena aññassa visiṭṭhassa abhāvadīpanena vipulaparipuṇṇataṃ. Paṭhamena vā pahānasampadaṃ dhammassa dasseti, dutiyena pabhavasampadaṃ. Bhāvetabbatāya vā dhammassa gatamalabhāvo yojetabbo. Bhāvanāguṇena hi so dosānaṃ samugghātako hotīti. Sacchikātabbabhāvena anuttarabhāvo yojetabbo. Sacchikiriyānibbattito hi taduttarikaraṇīyābhāvato anaññasādhāraṇatāya anuttaroti. Tathā ‘‘bhāvetvā’’ti etena saha pubbabhāgasīlādīhi sekkhā sīlasamādhipaññākkhandhā dassitā honti. ‘‘Sacchikatvā’’ti etena saha asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā asekkhā sīlasamādhipaññākkhandhā dassitā hontīti.
3缅 1.15已对照

三、如是以法的一切功德略赞正法之后,如今为赞叹圣僧团而说了「善逝的」等语。此中,「善逝的」是关联之举示,它与「他的诸子」相关联。「诸胸生[之子]」是「诸子」的限定语。「破魔军者」是胸生子之性的因之举示;以此显示:[阿阇梨]承认唯断烦恼才是[成为]世尊胸生子之性的因。「八[辈]」是算数限定之举示;以此显示:纵然他们依众生之差别有数十万之数,[却]不超越这一算数限定——因为[他们]不超越住道者与住果者之性。「聚」是总集之举示。「圣僧团」是德殊胜之和合之性的举示;以此显示:纵然诸圣人没有身的和合,[仍]有圣僧团之性——因为[他们]由见与戒的共同而结合。

此中,在胸中有、[即]生、且与[胸]相连者,为「诸胸生[之子]」。正如众生的胸生子由自己所生,特别地成为父亲所有之遗产的分受者;同样,这些圣人也由于在闻正等正觉者[之法]的末后以圣生而生,[故]必定成为世尊所有之解脱乐、圣法之宝的分受者——[故]如胸生子而为「诸胸生[之子]」。或者,那些由世尊说法之威力而正入与已入圣地的圣弟子,由于[其]高贵之生是由世尊胸中的精勤所生,[故]不依引申义即应被称为「胸生子」。因为纵由诸弟子所转起的说法,也正被称为「世尊的说法」——由于以他为根本,且无有相等的差别。

虽然在诸圣弟子证得圣道之时,天子魔或魔军并不像[对]世尊那样必定为作障碍而来扰逼;然而由于[烦恼这一]应被它们扰逼的因已被破除,那些[魔]也就名为已被破除——[故阿阇梨]说「破魔军者」。而于此义中,本应说「破魔与魔军者」,[却]说「破魔军者」——应知这是作了「同一部分的余一(ekadesasarūpekaseso)」。或者,正如蕴魔与行魔,天子魔也在杀害功德上趣得助伴之性;[故]烦恼的军力被称为「军」。如所说「诸欲是你的第一军」等(《经集》438;《大义释》28、68、149)。而那有一千五百种差别、或无量差别的烦恼军,已被他们以念、择法、精进、止等功德之兵器分分地破除、击破、摧毁——[故]为「破魔军者」,[即]诸圣弟子。以此显示他们是世尊的随生子。

依语源之法:由于远离诸烦恼,由于不行于非道,又由于行于道,[故为]「诸圣者(ariyā)」。或者,由于为含天之世间当作「归依处」而应趣往、应亲近,且已亲近者[之]所求之义得成,[故为]「诸圣者」;是诸圣者的僧团,故为「圣僧团」;或者,是圣的而又是僧团,故为「圣僧团」;[礼敬]那「圣僧团」。应知:在世尊[灭度]之后分,连佛宝与法宝的证得也依于僧宝;[故]为显示此圣僧团有多所助益,才唯在此处说了「我以头礼敬」。

而此中,以「善逝的诸胸生之子」显示圣僧团的出处成就;以「破魔军者」[显示]断成就——由阐明断一切杂染;以「那八[辈]之聚」[显示]智成就——由阐明住道者与住果者之性;以「圣僧团」显示出处成就——由阐明[它]是一切僧团中的最上者。或者,「善逝的诸胸生之子」是阐明圣僧团的清净所依之性;「破魔军者」是阐明[其]正行道、正直行道、如理行道、正当行道之性;「那八[辈]之聚」是阐明[其]应供养等之性;「圣僧团」是阐明[其]无上福田之性。同样,以「善逝的诸胸生之子」阐明圣僧团有出世间归依之存在——因为由出世间归依,他们才生为世尊的胸生子。以「破魔军者」显示由发愿成就所成的、前分的正行道——因为已作发愿而正行道者,能战胜魔或魔众。以「那八[辈]之聚」显示那已摧毁对治品的有学与无学之法——因为[此处]是依人为所依而显示道法与果法。「圣僧团」显示[其]最上应施者之性。而归依是诸弟子一切功德之初,连同前分行道的有学戒蕴等在中,无学戒蕴等是终;如是[以]初、中、后之善美,圣僧团的一切功德便略被显示了。

3. Evaṃ saṅkhepeneva sabbadhammaguṇehi saddhammaṃ abhitthavitvā idāni ariyasaṅghaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘sugatassā’’tiādimāha. Tattha sugatassāti sambandhaniddeso. ‘‘Tassa puttāna’’nti etena sambandho. Orasānanti puttavisesanaṃ. Mārasenamathanānanti orasaputtabhāve kāraṇaniddeso tena kilesappahānameva bhagavato orasaputtabhāve kāraṇaṃ anujānātīti dasseti. Aṭṭhannanti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso. Tena ca satipi tesaṃ sattavisesabhāvena anekasatasahassabhāve imaṃ gaṇanaparicchedaṃ nātivattantīti dasseti maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhabhāvānativattanato. Samūhanti samudāyaniddeso. Ariyasaṅghanti guṇavisiṭṭhasaṃhatabhāvaniddeso. Tena asatipi ariyapuggalānaṃ kāyasāmaggiyaṃ ariyasaṅghabhāvaṃ dasseti diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatabhāvato.
Tattha urasi bhavā jātā saṃbaddhā ca orasā. Yathā hi sattānaṃ orasaputtā attajatāya pitu santakassa dāyajjassa visesena bhāgino honti, evametepi ariyapuggalā sammāsambuddhassa savanante ariyāya jātiyā jātatāya bhagavato santakassa vimuttisukhassa ariyadhammaratanassa ekantena bhāginoti orasā viya orasā. Atha vā bhagavato dhammadesanānubhāvena ariyabhūmiṃ okkamamānā okkantā ca ariyasāvakā bhagavato ure vāyāmajanitābhijātitāya nippariyāyena orasaputtāti vattabbataṃ arahanti. Sāvakehi pavattiyamānāpi hi dhammadesanā ‘‘bhagavato dhammadesanā’’icceva vuccati taṃmūlakattā lakkhaṇādivisesābhāvato ca.
Yadipi ariyasāvakānaṃ ariyamaggādhigamasamaye bhagavato viya tadantarāyakaraṇatthaṃ devaputtamāro, māravāhinī vā na ekantena apasādeti, tehi pana apasādetabbatāya kāraṇe vimathite tepi vimathitā eva nāma hontīti āha – ‘‘mārasenamathanāna’’nti. Imasmiṃ panatthe ‘‘māramārasenamathanāna’’nti vattabbe ‘‘mārasenamathanāna’’nti ekadesasarūpekaseso katoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā khandhābhisaṅkhāramārānaṃ viya devaputtamārassapi guṇamāraṇe sahāyabhāvūpagamanato kilesabalakāyo ‘‘senā’’ti vuccati. Yathāha – ‘‘kāmā te paṭhamā senā’’tiādi (su. ni. 438; mahāni. 28, 68, 149). Sā ca tehi diyaḍḍhasahassabhedā, anantabhedā vā kilesavāhinī satidhammavicayavīriyasamathādiguṇappaharaṇehi odhiso vimathitā vihatā viddhastā cāti mārasenamathanā, ariyasāvakā. Etena tesaṃ bhagavato anujātaputtataṃ dasseti.
Ārakattā kilesehi, anaye na iriyanato, aye ca iriyanato ariyā niruttinayena. Atha vā sadevakena lokena saraṇanti araṇīyato upagantabbato, upagatānañca tadatthasiddhito ariyā, ariyānaṃ saṅghoti ariyasaṅgho, ariyo ca so saṅgho cāti vā ariyasaṅgho, taṃ ariyasaṅghaṃ. Bhagavato aparabhāge buddhadhammaratanānampi samadhigamo saṅgharatanādhīnoti assa ariyasaṅghassa bahūpakārataṃ dassetuṃ idheva ‘‘sirasā vande’’ti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Ettha ca ‘‘sugatassa orasānaṃ puttāna’’nti etena ariyasaṅghassa pabhavasampadaṃ dasseti, ‘‘mārasenamathanāna’’nti etena pahānasampadaṃ sakalasaṃkilesappahānadīpanato. ‘‘Aṭṭhannampi samūha’’nti etena ñāṇasampadaṃ maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhabhāvadīpanato. ‘‘Ariyasaṅgha’’nti etena pabhavasampadaṃ dasseti sabbasaṅghānaṃ aggabhāvadīpanato. Atha vā ‘‘sugatassa orasānaṃ puttāna’’nti ariyasaṅghassa visuddhanissayabhāvadīpanaṃ, ‘‘mārasenamathanāna’’nti sammāujuñāyasāmīcippaṭipannabhāvadīpanaṃ, ‘‘aṭṭhannampi samūha’’nti āhuneyyādibhāvadīpanaṃ, ‘‘ariyasaṅgha’’nti anuttarapuññakkhettabhāvadīpanaṃ. Tathā ‘‘sugatassa orasānaṃ puttāna’’nti etena ariyasaṅghassa lokuttarasaraṇagamanasabbhāvaṃ dīpeti. Lokuttarasaraṇagamanena hi te bhagavato orasaputtā jātā. ‘‘Mārasenamathanāna’’nti etena abhinīhārasampadāsiddhaṃ pubbabhāge sammāpaṭipattiṃ dasseti. Katābhinīhārā hi sammāpaṭipannā māraṃ māraparisaṃ vā abhivijinanti. ‘‘Aṭṭhannampi samūha’’nti etena viddhastavipakkhe sekkhāsekkhadhamme dasseti puggalādhiṭṭhānena maggaphaladhammānaṃ pakāsitattā. ‘‘Ariyasaṅgha’’nti aggadakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ dasseti. Saraṇagamanañca sāvakānaṃ sabbaguṇānaṃ ādi, sapubbabhāgappaṭipadā sekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo majjhe, asekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo pariyosānanti ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇā saṅkhepato sabbe ariyasaṅghaguṇā pakāsitā honti.
4缅 1.17已对照

四、如是以三首偈、依略说一切功德之门作了三宝的敬礼之后,如今为把那敬礼之作回向于如所意指的目的,[阿阇梨]说了「如是,由我」等语。此中,以能生喜之义为「宝(ratana)」,[即]佛、法、僧。因为以「彼世尊亦即是[阿罗汉]」等[语]忆念他们如实之德者,[心中]生起不少的、作为证得不死之因的喜与欢悦。如所说——

「摩诃男,当圣弟子随念如来之时,他于那时心不为贪所缠缚,不为瞋……乃至……心不为痴所缠缚;他于那时心依如来而唯是正直的。摩诃男,心已正直的圣弟子获得义喜(atthaveda),获得法喜(dhammaveda),获得与法相应的愉悦(pāmojja);已生愉悦者便生起喜」等(《增支部》6.10;11.11)。

或者,受尊重等之性[即]「宝」义。而这也已说过——

「受尊重、价值大,无与伦比、难得见;

非下劣众生所受用——故称为宝。」(《长部义注》2.33;《相应部义注》3.5.223;《小诵义注》6.3;《经集义注》1.226)

而受尊重之性等是不共他者的,唯于佛等[三宝]才可得。

礼敬本身[即]「由礼敬所成(vandanāmaya)」,如「由布施所成、由持戒所成」(《长部》3.305;《如是语》60)。而此处「礼敬」[即]以身、语、心倾向三宝之德,或[即]赞叹。由生起应受尊敬之性的果,[故为]「福(puñña)」;或者,[它]净化自己的相续[故为「福」]。「障碍善除者」者:即障碍已被善除者。以此显示:由自己净信的成就与三宝田之性的成就,那福便有能力破除那些损害义之显明的灾祸。「成为」者:[这]是前时动作;它与「我将显明[其]义」相关联。「它的」者:即那由礼敬三宝所成的那份福的。「以威力」者:即以力。

4. Evaṃ gāthāttayena saṅkhepato sakalaguṇasaṃkittanamukhena ratanattayassa paṇāmaṃ katvā idāni taṃnipaccakāraṃ yathādhippete payojane pariṇāmento ‘‘iti me’’tiādimāha. Tattha ratijananaṭṭhena ratanaṃ, buddhadhammasaṅghā. Tesañhi ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinā yathābhūtaguṇe āvajjentassa amatādhigamahetubhūtaṃ anappakaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ uppajjati. Yathāha –
‘‘Yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti tathāgataṃ ārabbha. Ujugatacitto kho pana, mahānāma, ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ, pamuditassa pīti jāyatī’’tiādi (a. ni. 6.10; 11.11).
Cittīkatādibhāvo vā ratanaṭṭho. Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca, atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ;
Anomasattaparibhogaṃ, ratanaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.33; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.5.223; khu. pā. aṭṭha. 6.3; su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.226);
Cittīkatabhāvādayo ca anaññasādhāraṇā buddhādīsu eva labbhantīti.
Vandanāva vandanāmayaṃ yathā ‘‘dānamayaṃ, sīlamaya’’nti (dī. ni. 3.305; itivu. 60). Vandanā cettha kāyavācācittehi tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ guṇaninnatā, thomanā vā. Pujjabhāvaphalanibbattanato puññaṃ, attano santānaṃ punātīti vā. Suvihatantarāyoti suṭṭhu vihatantarāyo. Etena attano pasādasampattiyā, ratanattayassa ca khettabhāvasampattiyā taṃ puññaṃ atthappakāsanassa upaghātakaupaddavānaṃ vihanane samatthanti dasseti. Hutvāti pubbakālakiriyā. Tassa ‘‘atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti etena sambandho. Tassāti yaṃ ratanattayavandanāmayaṃ puññaṃ, tassa. Ānubhāvenāti balena.
5缅 1.18已对照

五、如是显示了作三宝敬礼[之事]中的目的之后,如今为先依赞其功德而告知他所欲释义的那一教说,[故]说了「以一[支]、二[支]等所庄严的」等语,义即:以将一[支]等诸支层层增上而宣说的诸经所庄严的、[即]卓越的。以此显示:「增支(aṅguttara)」这[名]是此阿含的随义之通称。[设难:]依一[支]等而宣说的诸经本身岂不就是阿含吗?那么,以一[支]、二[支]等所庄严之性是谁的呢?——[通释:]依胜义这是真的;然而阿含是取诸经而施设的。因为正如于义与文句之总集有「经」这一言说,同样,于诸经之总集[便]有「阿含」这一言说。以一[支]等诸支层层增上、[即]更多,故为「增支(aṅguttara)」;自利、他利等将于其中、由它、或从它而来,故为「阿含(āgama)」;由初善等功德之成就而为最上之义,[并]由是彼彼所希求之成就之因,[故]为诸智者所应选取,故为「殊胜(vara)」;是阿含而又依最胜之义是殊胜,故为「殊胜的阿含」;或者,[它]为诸通晓阿含者所许为殊胜,故为「殊胜的阿含」。是增支而又是殊胜的阿含,故为「殊胜的《增支部》(aṅguttarāgamavara)」——[即]那[殊胜的《增支部》]的。

「诸牛王(puṅgavā)」被称为公牛(usabha);由于以无所惊怖、堪忍危难、[对牛群的]守护等功德而与它相似,说法者本身即是牛王,故为「诸说法者中的牛王(dhammakathikapuṅgavā)」——[即]他们的。由于以因、喻等所庄严的种种说法理趣而多彩,[故为]「生起多彩辩才的」。而在《吉祥悦意》等(《长部义注》1〈序论〉;《中部义注》1〈序论〉;《相应部义注》1.1〈序论〉)中,则说「为佛与随佛觉者所赞述的」。因为随从诸佛对谛的通达而通达了诸谛的上首弟子等诸圣者,[即]「随佛觉者」;这部阿含也正是为他们依义之赞述与功德之赞述而赞述的。或者,应配合为「诸佛与诸随觉者[即]佛与随佛觉者」。因为三藏之义的释义次第正是由正等正觉者所说的——它被称为「杂说(pakiṇṇakadesanā)」;诸阿阇梨说:从那[杂说]起,[其义]才正是依结集等方式由诸弟子[所释]。而此处只以「能令诸说法者中的牛王生起多彩辩才的」作了赞叹。而这是阿阇梨于诸释义中的常法:于彼彼释义之初,以称说彼彼所应释义之法的殊胜功德而作赞叹。正因如此,在《吉祥悦意》(Sumaṅgalavilāsinī)、《妄衍破斥》(Papañcasūdanī)、《显扬真义》(Sāratthappakāsinī)以及《法集论义注》(Aṭṭhasālinī)等[义注]中,依次以「[其]功德能引生净信的」「能破斥他论的」「能生智之分别的」「那为诸深智所潜入的、常以种种法门而为种种的」等语作了赞叹。

5. Evaṃ ratanattayassa nipaccakārakaraṇe payojanaṃ dassetvā idāni yassā dhammadesanāya atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇetukāmo, tassā tāva guṇābhitthavanavasena upaññāpanatthaṃ ‘‘ekakadukādipaṭimaṇḍitassā’’tiādimāha, ekakādīni aṅgāni uparūpari vaḍḍhetvā desitehi suttantehi paṭimaṇḍitassa visiṭṭhassāti attho. Etena ‘‘aṅguttaro’’ti ayaṃ imassa āgamassa atthānugatā samaññāti dasseti. Nanu ca ekakādivasena desitāni suttāniyeva āgamo. Kassa pana ekakadukādīhi paṭimaṇḍitabhāvoti? Saccametaṃ paramatthato, suttāni pana upādāya paññatto āgamo. Yatheva hi atthabyañjanasamudāye suttanti vohāro, evaṃ suttasamudāye āgamoti vohāro. Ekakādīhi aṅgehi uparūpari uttaro adhikoti aṅguttaro, āgamissanti ettha, etena, etasmā vā attatthaparatthādayoti āgamo, ādikalyāṇādiguṇasampattiyā uttamaṭṭhena taṃtaṃabhipatthitasamiddhihetutāya paṇḍitehi varitabbato varo, āgamo ca so varo ca seṭṭhaṭṭhenāti āgamavaro, āgamasammatehi vā varoti āgamavaro. Aṅguttaro ca so āgamavaro cāti aṅguttarāgamavaro, tassa.
Puṅgavā vuccanti usabhā, asantasanaparissayasahanassa paripālanādiguṇehi taṃsadisatāya dhammakathikā eva puṅgavāti dhammakathikapuṅgavā, tesaṃ. Hetūpamādippaṭimaṇḍitanānāvidhadesanānayavicittatāya vicittapaṭibhānajananassa. Sumaṅgalavilāsinīādīsu (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.ganthārambhakathā) pana ‘‘buddhānubuddhasaṃvaṇṇitassā’’ti vuttaṃ. Buddhānañhi saccappaṭivedhaṃ anugamma paṭividdhasaccā aggasāvakādayo ariyā buddhānubuddhā. Ayampi āgamo tehi atthasaṃvaṇṇanāvasena guṇasaṃvaṇṇanāvasena ca saṃvaṇṇito eva. Atha vā buddhā ca anubuddhā ca buddhānubuddhāti yojetabbaṃ. Sammāsambuddheneva hi tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ atthavaṇṇanākkamo bhāsito, yā ‘‘pakiṇṇakadesanā’’ti vuccati. Tato saṅgāyanādivaseneva sāvakehīti ācariyā vadanti. Idha pana ‘‘dhammakathikapuṅgavānaṃ vicittapaṭibhānajananassa’’icceva thomanā katā. Saṃvaṇṇanāsu cāyaṃ ācariyassa pakati, yā taṃtaṃsaṃvaṇṇanāsu ādito tassa tassa saṃvaṇṇetabbassa dhammassa visesaguṇakittanena thomanā. Tathā hi sumaṅgalavilāsinīpapañcasūdanīsāratthappakāsanīsu aṭṭhasālinīādīsu ca yathākkamaṃ ‘‘saddhāvahaguṇassa, paravādamathanassa, ñāṇappabhedajananassa, tassa gambhīrañāṇehi ogāḷhassa abhiṇhaso nānānayavicittassā’’tiādinā thomanā katā.
6已对照

六、由它而义被说,故为「义之说(atthakathā)」;它本身即「义注(aṭṭhakathā)」——是把 ttha 音作成 ṭṭha 音[而成],如「苦的恼害义(dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho)」(《无碍解道》1.17;2.8)。「最初」等[句]中,[「最初」即]于第一次结集时。由于具足六神通之性与最上的心自在之性,又由于于诸禅等有五种自在之存在,[故为]「诸得自在者(vasī)」,[即]大迦叶(Mahākassapa)等诸长老;「五[个]他们之百」[即五百位]。「那」者:即那部义注。「所结集」者:即在适于显明义之处,以「这是这[句]之义,这是这[句]之义」而结集起来所说的。「后来也被随结集」[即]后来也于第二、第三次结集中由耶舍(Yasa)长老等[所随结集]。以此显示自己释义的来处之清净。

6. Attho kathīyati etāyāti atthakathā, sā eva aṭṭhakathā, ttha-kārassa ṭṭha-kāraṃ katvā yathā ‘‘dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.17; 2.8). Āditotiādimhi paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ. Chaḷabhiññatāya paramena cittavasībhāvena samannāgatattā jhānādīsu pañcavidhavasitāsabbhāvato ca vasino, therā mahākassapādayo, tesaṃ satehi pañcahi. Yāti yā aṭṭhakathā. Saṅgītāti atthaṃ pakāsetuṃ yuttaṭṭhāne ‘‘ayaṃ etassa attho, ayaṃ etassa attho’’ti saṅgahetvā vuttā. Anusaṅgītā ca yasattherādīhi pacchāpi dutiyatatiyasaṅgītīsu. Iminā attano saṃvaṇṇanāya āgamanavisuddhiṃ dasseti.
7已对照

七、由取、[即]由捕狮子,[故为]「师子[洲人](sīhaḷa)」,[即]师子童子。应知:由生于那世系,铜鍱洲(Tambapaṇṇidīpa)的诸刹帝利[有「师子」之性];又由是他们的住处,铜鍱洲也有「师子」之性。「带到了」者:即从阎浮提被带来。「而后」者:即后来。因为在后分,为不相混杂,[故]义注以师子洲语(sīhaḷabhāsā)安立了下来。以此显示:由此根本义注不是一切[人]所共通的,故这一义之显明必定应作。正因如此说「为诸洲住民的利益」。此中,「诸洲住民的」者:即诸阎浮提住民的;或者,「诸洲住民的」[即]诸师子洲(Sīhaḷadīpa)住民的——[其]配合[是]:为[他们的]利益而以师子洲语安立了下来。

7. Sīhassa lānato gahaṇato sīhaḷo, sīhakumāro. Taṃvaṃsajātatāya tambapaṇṇidīpe khattiyānaṃ, tesaṃ nivāsatāya tambapaṇṇidīpassa ca sīhaḷabhāvo veditabbo. Ābhatāti jambudīpato ānītā. Athāti pacchā. Aparabhāge hi asaṅkaratthaṃ sīhaḷabhāsāya aṭṭhakathā ṭhapitāti. Tena sā mūlaṭṭhakathā sabbasādhāraṇā na hotīti idaṃ atthappakāsanaṃ ekantena karaṇīyanti dasseti. Tenevāha – ‘‘dīpavāsīnamatthāyā’’ti. Tattha dīpavāsīnanti jambudīpavāsīnaṃ, dīpavāsīnanti vā sīhaḷadīpavāsīnaṃ atthāya sīhaḷabhāsāya ṭhapitāti yojanā.
8已对照

八、「除去」者:即除去那如外衣一般的师子洲语。「从那」者:即从义注。「我」[一语]是指自己;「悦意之语」[则]是摩揭陀语(māgadhabhāsā)——因为它是自性之语,能令诸智者之意欢悦。正因如此说「契合圣典(tanti)之法则」——义即顺于圣典之趣、随顺圣典之风貌(pāḷicchāyā)的。「离于过失的」者:即离于非自性之语的他种语言。

8. Apanetvānāti kañcukasadisaṃ sīhaḷabhāsaṃapanetvāna. Tatoti aṭṭhakathāto. Ahanti attānaṃ niddisati. Manoramaṃ bhāsanti māgadhabhāsaṃ. Sā hi sabhāvaniruttibhūtā paṇḍitānaṃ manaṃ ramayatīti. Tenevāha – ‘‘tantinayānucchavika’’nti, pāḷigatiyā anulomikaṃ pāḷicchāyānuvidhāyininti attho. Vigatadosanti asabhāvaniruttibhāsantararahitaṃ.
9缅 1.20已对照

九、「不违背……的宗义」者:即不违逆宗义;以此说无有义之过失——因为正由于不相违,诸长老之说于此处也将被显示。「长老世系的明灯」者:由于具足坚固的戒蕴等,[故为]「诸长老」,[即]大迦叶等;由他们而来的阿阇梨相承[即]「长老世系」;[他们]摄属于它,由具足阿含与证得,[且]以慧灯令它光耀,[故为]「长老世系的明灯」,[即]住于大寺(Mahāvihāra)的诸长老——[即]那些[人]的。依种种行相而被决定,故为「抉择(vinicchaya)」,[即]于诸结节之处以除障之行相而转起的、能断疑惑的论说;他们的抉择善为精微、细致,故为「抉择极为精微者」。或者,[它]抉择,故为「抉择」,[即]以前面所说之义为境的智;他们的抉择善为精微、善巧,故为「抉择极为精微者」。以此显示:住于大寺者的抉择是由大迦叶等长老相承而来的,正由此而不颠倒、细致、微细;[故]它有作为准量之性。

9. Samayaṃ avilomentoti siddhantaṃ avirodhento. Etena atthadosābhāvamāha. Aviruddhattā eva hi theravādāpi idha pakāsīyissanti. Theravaṃsadīpānanti thirehi sīlakkhandhādīhi samannāgatattā therā, mahākassapādayo, tehi āgatā ācariyaparamparā theravaṃso. Tappariyāpannā hutvā āgamādhigamasampannattā paññāpajjotena tassa samujjalanato theravaṃsadīpā, mahāvihāravāsino therā, tesaṃ. Vividhehi ākārehi nicchīyatīti vinicchayo, gaṇṭhiṭṭhānesu khīlamaddanākārena pavattā vimaticchedakathā. Suṭṭhu nipuṇo saṇho vinicchayo etesanti sunipuṇavinicchayā. Atha vā vinicchinotīti vinicchayo, yathāvuttatthavisayaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Suṭṭhu nipuṇo cheko vinicchayo etesanti sunipuṇavinicchayā. Etena mahākassapādittheraparamparābhato, tatoyeva ca aviparīto saṇhasukhumo mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vinicchayoti tassa pamāṇabhūtataṃ dasseti.
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十、「善人的……并(sujanassa ca)」者:「ca」一语是合集义;以它显示「不唯为诸阎浮提住民的利益,而也是为令善人欢喜」。又以它,「也为诸铜鍱洲住民的利益」这一义便得成立——因为由受持等[变得]容易,对他们也多所助益。「为令[法]久住」者:即为久住之义,义即为长时之住立。因为这一义之显明,由于是不颠倒地善安置句文与善引导义的方便,[故]导致正法的久住。而这是世尊所说的——

「诸比丘,有这两种法导向正法的住立、不忘失、不隐没。哪两种[法]呢?善安置的句文与善引导的义。」(《增支部》2.21)

10. Sujanassa cāti ca-saddo sampiṇḍanattho. Tena ‘‘na kevalaṃ jambudīpavāsīnaṃyeva atthāya, atha kho sādhujanānaṃ tosanatthañcā’’ti dasseti. Tena ca ‘‘tambapaṇṇidīpavāsīnampi atthāyā’’ti ayamattho siddho hoti uggahaṇādisukaratāya tesampi bahūpakārattā. Ciraṭṭhitatthanti ciraṭṭhitiatthaṃ, cirakālāvaṭṭhānāyāti attho. Idañhi atthappakāsanaṃ aviparītabyañjanasunikkhepassa atthasunītassa ca upāyabhāvato saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitiyā saṃvattati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame dve? Sunikkhittañca padabyañjanaṃ, attho ca sunīto’’ti (a. ni. 2.21).
11–12缅 1.21已对照

十一至十二、为避免[阿阇梨]所欲作的义之释义过于庞大,[故他]说了「舍卫城等」等语。正因如此[他]说「我在此也不再多作广说了」,以及「在此[义注中]不再多加论究它」。此中,「《长部》」者:即《长部》尼柯耶(dīghanikāya)。「《中部》」者:即《中部》尼柯耶(majjhimanikāya)。「[那是]我在说二结集之义时[所作]」也是[一种]读法;那里的「二结集」,其义也应取为「《长部》与《中部》二尼柯耶」。「我(me)」是具格义的属格,义即「由我(mayā)」。「sudaṃ」只是虚词。应配合为:「前面我在说《长部》与《中部》之义时,对舍卫城等诸城所作的那解说,对它我在此不再多作广说。」[其]关联是:「以及在那里以广说的方式所说的那些故事,对那些[故事],我在此也不再多作广说。」

11–1211-12. Yaṃ atthavaṇṇanaṃ katthukāmo, tassā mahantattaṃ pariharituṃ ‘‘sāvatthipabhūtīna’’ntiādimāha. Tenāha – ‘‘na idha vitthārakathaṃ karissāmi, na taṃ idha vicārayissāmī’’ti ca. Tattha dīghassāti dīghanikāyassa. Majjhimassāti majjhimanikāyassa. ‘‘Saṅgītīnaṃ dvinnaṃ yā me atthaṃ vadantenā’’tipi pāṭho. Tatthapi saṅgītīnaṃ dvinnanti dīghamajjhimanikāyānanti attho gahetabbo. Meti karaṇatthe sāmivacanaṃ, mayāti attho. Sudanti nipātamattaṃ. Heṭṭhā dīghassa majjhimassa ca atthaṃ vadantena sāvatthipabhutīnaṃ nagarānaṃ yā vaṇṇanā katā, tassā vitthārakathaṃ na idha bhiyyo karissāmīti yojetabbaṃ. Yāni ca tattha vatthūni vitthāravasena vuttāni, tesampi vitthārakathaṃ na idha bhiyyo karissāmīti sambandho.
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十三、如今为显示「我在此也不再多作广说了」[这一]通说之义的殊胜之处(pavara),[故]说了「然而诸经」等语。应配合为:「诸经之义中,凡不借诸故事便不得显明者」。

13. Idāni ‘‘na idha vitthārakathaṃ karissāmī’’ti sāmaññato vuttassa atthassa pavaraṃ dassetuṃ – ‘‘suttānaṃ panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Suttānaṃ ye atthā vatthūhi vinā na pakāsantīti yojetabbaṃ.
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十四、[阿阇梨]为对诸讲说者作教示——[即]「《清净道论》(Visuddhimagga)也应作为他所欲作的那部义注的一部分而被取来」——[故]以「戒论」等语依总说而显示那里所论究的诸法。此中,「戒论」者:即依作持、止持等[分]对戒的广论。「头陀法(dhutadhamma)」者:即常乞食支等十三种振落烦恼之法。「一切业处」者:即圣典中所来的三十八种、义注中[所来的]二[种],[如是]无余的、瑜伽之业[即]修习的转起之处。「连同性行(cariyā)之分判」者:即连同对贪行者等的自性等之分判。而「禅与等至的广说」中——「诸禅」[即]四色界禅,「诸等至」[即]四无色等至。或者,八[禅]中唯所已得者为「诸禅」,由证得入定自在之性[者]为「诸等至」。或者,「诸禅」[即]色界与无色界禅,「诸等至」[即]果等至与灭尽等至。

14. Yaṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ kattukāmo, tadekadesabhāvena visuddhimaggo ca gahetabboti kathikānaṃ upadesaṃ karonto tattha vicāritadhamme uddesavasena dasseti – ‘‘sīlakathā’’tiādinā. Tattha sīlakathāti cārittavārittādivasena sīlassa vitthārakathā. Dhutadhammāti piṇḍapātikaṅgādayo terasa kilesadhunanakadhammā. Kammaṭṭhānāni sabbānīti pāḷiyaṃ āgatāni aṭṭhatiṃsa, aṭṭhakathāyaṃ dveti niravasesāni yogakammassa bhāvanāya pavattiṭṭhānāni. Cariyāvidhānasahitoti rāgacaritādīnaṃ sabhāvādividhānena sahito. Jhānāni cattāri rūpāvacarajjhānāni, samāpattiyo catasso āruppasamāpattiyo. Aṭṭhapi vā paṭiladdhamattāni jhānāni samāpajjanavasībhāvappattiyā samāpattiyo. Jhānāni vā rūpārūpāvacarajjhānāni, samāpattiyo phalasamāpattinirodhasamāpattiyo.
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十五、「一切神通(abhiññā)」[即]有世间与出世间之别的六神通。依《分别论·智分别》等中所来之法,以一种等[分类]对慧作合计、总摄而后抉择,[即]「慧的合计与抉择」。

15. Lokiyalokuttarabhedā cha abhiññāyo sabbā abhiññāyo. Ñāṇavibhaṅgādīsu āgatanayena ekavidhādinā paññāya saṃkaletvā sampiṇḍetvā nicchayo paññāsaṅkalananicchayo.
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十六、因等诸缘法对诸缘生法而有因缘等之性,[即]「缘之行相(paccayākāra)」;它的教说[即]「缘之行相的教说」,义即缘起之论。而它由密集的分解(ghanavinibbhoga)极难为而细致微细,[又]离于他部派之说的混杂,又[它]是连同一性之法门等而于那里被论究的——[故阿阇梨]说「[其]理趣极清净而精微」。由于是不舍弃《无碍解[道]》等中所来之法而被论究的,[故为]「不离圣典之道」。

16. Paccayadhammānaṃ hetuādīnaṃ paccayuppannadhammānaṃ hetupaccayādibhāvo paccayākāro, tassa desanā paccayākāradesanā, paṭiccasamuppādakathāti attho. Sā pana ghanavinibbhogassa sudukkaratāya saṇhasukhumā, nikāyantaraladdhisaṅkararahitā, ekattanayādisahitā ca tattha vicāritāti āha – ‘‘suparisuddhanipuṇanayā’’ti. Paṭisambhidādīsu āgatanayaṃ avissajjetvāva vicāritattā avimuttatantimaggā.
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十七、「然而这一切(iti pana sabbaṃ)」者:「iti」一语是于结束,「pana」一语是于语之庄严,义即「这一切」。「在此」者:即于这部义注[中],我不论究[它]——意趣[是]:由于会成重复。

17. Iti pana sabbanti iti-saddo parisamāpane, pana-saddo vacanālaṅkāre, etaṃ sabbanti attho. Idhāti imissā aṭṭhakathāya na vicārayissāmi punaruttibhāvatoti adhippāyo.
18缅 1.22已对照

十八、如今为决定说出不论究它的确定理由,[阿阇梨]说了「此《清净道论》,正处于……之中央」等语。此中,以「正处于……之中央」「住[于其中]」[二语],由阐明[其]居中之性而显示:《清净道论》特别是四阿含的共通义注,不像《吉祥悦意》等是不共通的义注。而「特别」这[语]是因《清净道论》对律与阿毗达摩也随其所应正是义之释义[这一点]而说的。

18. Idāni tasseva avicāraṇassa ekantakāraṇaṃ niddhārento ‘‘majjhe visuddhimaggo’’tiādimāha. Tattha ‘‘majjhe ṭhatvā’’ti etena majjhabhāvadīpanena visesato catunnaṃ āgamānaṃ sādhāraṇaṭṭhakathā visuddhimaggo, na sumaṅgalavilāsinīādayo viya asādhāraṇaṭṭhakathāti dasseti. ‘‘Visesato’’ti ca idaṃ vinayābhidhammānampi visuddhimaggo yathārahaṃ atthavaṇṇanā hoti evāti katvā vuttaṃ.
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十九、「正是这样(icceva)」者:即「iti eva」。「它也」者:即《清净道论》也。「连同这部[义注]」者:即[连同]《满足希求》。而此中,以「[由得自在者马哈玛欣德]带到了师子洲」等语显示义之显明的因相;以「为诸洲住民的利益,为令善人欢喜,并为令法久住」[一语显示其]目的;以「我从那[义注]中除去师子洲语」等语,以及以「舍卫城等」等语,[显示]作[义注]的方式——因为不论究那些在前面诸尼柯耶及《清净道论》中已论究过的义,于此处也正是作[义注]的方式。

19. Iccevāti iti eva. Tampīti visuddhimaggampi. Etāyāti manorathapūraṇiyā. Ettha ca ‘‘sīhaḷadīpaṃ ābhatā’’tiādinā atthappakāsanassa nimittaṃ dasseti, ‘‘dīpavāsīnamatthāya sujanassa ca tuṭṭhatthaṃ ciraṭṭhitatthañca dhammassā’’ti etena payojanaṃ, apanetvāna tatohaṃ, sīhaḷabhāsa’’ntiādinā. ‘‘Sāvatthipabhutīna’’ntiādinā ca karaṇappakāraṃ. Heṭṭhimanikāyesu visuddhimagge ca vicāritānaṃ atthānaṃ avicāraṇampi hi idha karaṇappakāro evāti.
已对照

序论释义,终。

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.